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The Ecology of Macromycetes in Roadside Verges Planted with Trees

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The Ecology of Macromycetes in Roadside Verges Planted with Trees THE ECOLOGY OF MACROMYCETES IN ROADSIDE VERGES PLANTED WITHTREES . <,,<•,;-' 0000 0513 4693 Promotor: Dr. Ir. R.A.A. Oldeman, hoogleraar in de Bosteelt en Bosoecologie. Co-promotor: Dr. E.J.M. Arnolds, universitair hoofddocent, Biologisch Station, Wijster. II ; tivo$?&(( /( '^£ Peter-Jan Keizer THE ECOLOGY OF MACROMYCETES IN ROADSIDE VERGES PLANTED WITH TREES Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouw- en milieuwetenschappen, op gezag van de rector magnificus, Dr. H.C. van der Plas, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 19 mei 1993 des namiddags te half twee in de aula van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen. Ill àOSfflTO "De hedendaagse architectuur, in stedebouw zowel als in de weg- en waterbouw, heeft de aansluiting op de menselijke maat en op de polsslag van culturele ontwikkelingen verlaten. Alles wat er nu gebeurt bestaat uit een meer dan honderdvoudige vergroting van een ontwerp op schaal. De ware grootte van de ontwerpen is onafzienbaar geworden. Niemand is in staat om deze megalomanie te beheersen, want al zou er een planoloog bestaan die zijn vak verstaat en die zijn verantwoordelijkheid beseft, dan mist hij nog de historische distantie die nodig is om deze buitenmaatse ontwikkelingen te overzien, laat staan te beoordelen. De ontwerpers volstaan met een verwijzing naar hun deskundigheid die uit een papieren bevoegdheid bestaat die lang geleden, ver weg van de werkelijkheid, op grond van een schoolwerkstuk verleend is." Gerrit Noordzij, 1990. Woorden aan de dijk. In: Attila op de bulldozer - Rijkswaterstaat en het rivierengebied. G.A. van Oorschot, Amsterdam. BIBLIOIHU^K LANDBOUWUNlVERSnmi JKAGENINGEM CIP-GEGEVENS KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Keizer, Peter-Jan The ecology of macromycetes in roadside verges planted with trees / Peter-Jan Keizer. - Wageningen: Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen. -111 . Proefschrift Wageningen, 1993. Met lit. opg. - Met een samenvatting in het Nederlands ISBN 90-5485-131-7 Trefw.: paddestoelen; wegbermen. IV VO oo OS 5Î m W x 2 O 3 3 o g E I § 3 | 2. » TO P * | ESö is 3 oo ft & < "c2 er a>a si*. 2. tra 2 ">* < 2 ° s TO TO a. 3 TO sa a. 3 N CD C a ^£ TO o < TO 2 3 =!. o>->• too ' «-* rr O c3 ^ °> a rt -n 93 5(T") S f^* os*- a. •-1 TO Ö. £" 3* 3 a- o en o- f8 a> TO —• a- "I 3 Ui 3" c ~ ,-. TO Q. g TO 3 Errata belonging to: Keizer, P.J., 1993. The ecology of macromycctcs in roadside verges planted with trees. -> = to be replaced by p. 14 I. 7 for an identification to be certain -> to ascertain an identification, p. 14 1.9 has had to be spend -> had to be spent p. 15 1. 6 the numbers of mycorrhizas and eventually -> mycorrhizas and possibly p. 15 1. 36 influencing -> causing p. 26 1.2 1 Biplot ... -> Ordination diagram in which the positions of environmental variables and of the plots are presented, p. 29 1. 12 Idem, p. 30 1.2 ... of the specific epitheton. -> ... of the specific epitheton (explained in appendix 1, p. 279). p. 35 1. 14 strong -> strongly p. 35 1. 14 which are not always possible to remove ... -> which cannot always be removed p. 37 1. 1 ... green plants. -> ... green plants occurring in roadside verges planted with Beech, p. 37 1. 1 Westhoff & Van der Maarel. -> Westhoff & Van der Maarel (1973). p. 54 1.4 0 rised -> rose p. 55 1. 8 canocical -> canonical p. 58 1. 19 summerized -> summarized p. 58 1. 39 erytrhinus -> erythrinus p. 59 1. 8 mesopheum -> mesophaeum p. 60 1.7 Biplot ... -> Ordination diagram in which the positions of environmental variables and of the plots are presented, p. 61 1. 6 both of them -> both p. 61 1. 16 Idem p. 62 1.2 0 nitropilous -> nitrophilous p. 65 1.2 9 relative large -> relatively great p. 65 1. 36 large -> high p. 82 1.2 (and following pages:) verge verges -> verges p. 82 1. 37 If the certain ... -> If the ... p. 83 1.2 0 meteolrological -> meteorological p. 91 1. 6 obligatory -> obligatorily p. 102 1.2 base -> basis p. 103 1. 10 organical -> organic p. 107 delete last two lines p. 109 1. 3 due to a large quantity of -> due to much p. 111 last line: or a relic of Russula (Mica ... -> or a relic of formerly forest types richer in macromycetes (hypothesis 4). Similar conclusions can be drawn from a comparison with mycocoenoses in the Hungarian Luzulo-Fagetum, investigated by Bohus & Babos(1960), where Laaarius vellereus and Russula delica ... p. 114 1.2 1 + 24 relative -> relatively p. 117 1. 1 sylvatiais -> sylvarica p. 142 1.3 2 last et al. -> Last et al. p. 142 1.4 3 sqq. ± -> approx. lÜAJOPZÖ', ^>£^ p. 155 after 1. 7 add: Fungi growing on wood or on other accidentally present substrata (other fungi, insects, dung, feathers, burnt ground) were excluded from this study. The species that were excluded are listed in table 13. p. 157 1. 6 relative -> relatively p. 158 1. 2 some exceptions will be discussed above -> some exceptions have been mentioned above (section II 2, p. 155) p. 159 1.26 significant -> significantly p. 162 1. 1 ectomycorrhizal -> saprotrophic p. 164 1.3 4 bach -> end p. 165 1. 16, 17 unsignificant-> insignificant p. 174 I. 14 add: Species were excluded from analysis in this study because of their occurrence on wood or substrata that were only accidentally present in the investigated habitat. p. 176 1.2 0 of the spores and Q indicates -> of the spores and Q indicates p. 176 1.2 2 natural size -> 0.8x natural size p. 249 1. 10 replace by: Table 2. Numbers of differential and indifferent fungal species for Dutch forests dominated by Beech and Oak and for road-side verges with these trees. p. 253 1.2 1 eventual -> actual or potential p. 254 (2"d) should be numbered 254a p. 254a 1. 1 factors particularly -> factors in the humus layer particularly p. 256 1.2 winterhoff-> Winterhoff; publishers -> Publishers p. 259 after last line, add: Heij, G.J. & Schneider, T., 1991. Dutch programme on acidi­ fication. Eindrapport tweede fase Additioneel programma verzuringson- derzoek. Rapport no. 200-09. RIVM, Bilthoven, 250 pp. p. 263 1. 13 71247-256 -> 71:247-25 6 p. 267 1.2 0 Weeda, E. 1983. -> Weeda, E. 1983. Over de plantengeografie van Nederland. p. 279 1.9 gras -> grasslands p. 279 1. 10 add: %Fag and %Que refer to the percentage of Fagus-an d Quercus-plots in which the species was found. p. 288 after 1.2 5 Innovation phase: phase in which the information of the propagule bank is mobilized and maybe enriched. Succession series usually start with the innovation phase. füNQ^ZjOf 16 £f u> (O sr >TO ÖÖ m'E.'g 8 E? -• TO 3 ö 2 O " c/s -j 3 o*« - «» <* 3 t3 O "" 2. o „ 3 o" 2 3 3 3" a <• ö CL 3 O re S TO R- i» CL TO re * o y. M' a o* SS •B "> 3 r> 3 . B*S ' o f* * m 3 TO er- o 3 3 3 CM o" VO 3* « » ©3 •o 2«00 3 TO O 3 OTQ e P « »N* ^ TO 3 O 8» S Ô « o* l/l CL o P 2 3 3- S- po o TO £• °* § 5' g cfq' 3 £ « ? S3 s CL p c' Sog. s o TO 3 IS. n o o Ou c/5° »e - 1 3.3 2 o* o P «—» CA e« -i TO O ^- *••*• o TO O cr ^ S §33 =r o_ TO TO£ L a 3- 'S-? -. O-TO ,§" TO TO TO 5 2S « « -* TO 't «^ £I• 3 '<P 03 s a TO TO < 3 Ç* CI­ o S" S P TO S 2 S 3 TO £ ff < S** 3 O. 3 ï CL ° TO 3 3 *< TO CTO P o CL ar TO 63 " 3 O N CL ^ TO TO OTQ M a. TO TO 3 •1 TO 3 2 3 CL O CT p t a o- ST "i © Je TO P IÏK 2. O. c/> TO J-» §Ü3 31 • S 3* "_ tn TO <-•• Ç£ o <: vo 5' § s. 3 ff 3 TO c« p 3 & 3: p g o cr. TO CT CL =r TO lo TO 0K3 o •a 3 8- < c<3 o C3 " TOa o TO 5T 3 " CL 3» 3 sS . c TO'TO O ^Q ' O -ij £ s 9 3 S CL re O ï 3. f TO a TO t/o 3 S 3 P 5T G3> P o » 3 S, « 2 es. TO 3 3 n n3- TO TO 8. re o -, 2! 3 ? 3 t« 8. cr S o O O o o O TO o cro o 3- TO TO 3 3 iz C/S < O i/i 3 < O •§3* (U N « •o a > CD txo « c -o JS "Sa c <u •o <o Ig Z c ^^ 1-1 <u •o :> -*-* <u Ü 3 13" 5 IS S-s Dû . > <u Ûû ü E 01Sr) o <u ES > c ut ^*! ••—î »iJ .E 2 > <* "3 C <U se (U 8-SS S BÛ £ .E ||| c «» .E, <U -~ M 2 N •o o .2,2 = 8 8 *j> I« .'IS ,<u —, -n <U <u 'C 2 Sj5o 2? 1) co & §.1 > <u > C •o <u rt § § •a S 3 "So u CU Q °.S <N en Voorwoord De Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen heeft dit onderzoek financieel mogelijk gemaakt. Velepersone n hebben bijgedragen aand etotstandkomin g vandi tproefschrift . Ikwi l allen hiervoor hartelijk bedanken. Allereerst en vooral wili kEe f Arnolds bedanken voor zijn essentiële bijdragen aan dit onderzoek, als dagelijks begeleider, als geduldig en minutieus verbeteraar van mijn manuscripten, alscopromotor , alsvraagbaa k endiscussiepartner , enda tallé si nee n sfeer van warme vriendschap.
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