THE HISTORY OF ENGINEERING

FOUNDATIONS OF ENGINEERING/ENGINEERING CONCEPTS SMARTER THAN THEY THINK

- Concept existed since before humans realized what they were doing - Fundamental inventions: - Pulley - Lever - Wheel - Simple Machines - Used consistently in objects invented today “ENGINEERING”

- Etymology - Derived from the word “engineer” which dates back to 1325 - Originally referred to a constructor of military engines - Etymology of “Engine” - Even older - Ultimately derived from ingenium which meant “innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention” ENGINEERING BROADENS

- “Civil Engineering” - Buildings - Bridges - Used to distinguish between militant individuals and civilians - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers THINGS THAT PEOPLE BUILT A LONG LONG TIME AGO THAT AFFECT US TODAY

KEY ENGINEERING BITS OF HISTORY ANCIENT ERA THE FIRST CIVIL ENGINEER

- Imhotep - Pyramid of Djoser - Step Pyramid - Built around 2630 BC PERHAPS THE MOST WELL-KNOWN

- Archimedes of Syracuse - Ancient Greek (287-212 BC) - Mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer - Key Principles - Calculus, area of circle, surface area and volume of sphere, area under a parabola, pi, exponentiation, hydrostatics, statics, lever - Credited with designing innovative machines - Archimedes Screw Pump - Defensive war machines ANCIENT ERA- FAMOUS STRUCTURES

- Greece - Acropolis - Parthenon - Rome - Roman aqueducts - Via Appia (Appian Way) - Colosseum - Egypt - Hanging Gardens of Babylon - Pharos of Alexandria - Pyramids MIDDLE ERA TURKEY: AL-JAZARI

- 5 water pumps - “Modern” Inventions: - Automatic gate (hydropowered) - Mechanical controls (combination lock) - “Humanoid Automata” - These human-looking robots were capable of doing many things, refilling the basin of water used to wash your hands, refill your drinks at a restaurant, play music every half-hour (using water again). RENAISSANCE ERA STEAM ENGINES

- Thomas Savery – 1698 - Gave rise to Industrial Revolution - Mass Production ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION

- 18th Century - Math and Science - Mechanic Arts -> Engineering MODERN ERA INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

- James Watts - Watts Steam Engine - Gave rise to Modern Mechanical Engineering ENGINEERING CONTINUES TO GROW

- Electrical Engineering and the Electric Motor - Alessandro Volta - Michael Faraday - Georg Ohm - Late 19th Century - Global Electric Telegraph Network - Frances Ronalds - Created the first working electric telegraph system in 1816 - James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz - Vacuum Tube - Transistor CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

- Developed in the 19th Century - Demand of new processes - 1880 - Need for large scale production of chemicals - Role: Design chemical plants and processes AERONAUTICAL/AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

- Turn of the 20th Century - Wright Brothers - 1920 - World War I military aircraft IN-CLASS ASSIGNMENT

- Find an object that was engineered sometime between the start of the Ancient Era and the beginning of the Post-Modern Era (that’s the Era right after the Modern Era). Once you’ve found an object, gather this information on the object. - Name/description of object - Creator/Designer/Engineer - Year it was designed - How did it impact society during it’s timeframe? (3 sentence minimum) - 5 modern (1990-2016) creations that it has impacted (5 things that somehow incorporate that technology) - How will it continue to impact society in the future? (3 sentence minimum)