The Short History of Science
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James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell JAMES CLERK MAXWELL Perspectives on his Life and Work Edited by raymond flood mark mccartney and andrew whitaker 3 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries c Oxford University Press 2014 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2014 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2013942195 ISBN 978–0–19–966437–5 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
Laboratory Manual Physics 166, 167, 168, 169
Laboratory Manual Physics 166, 167, 168, 169 Lab manual, part 2 For PHY 167 and 169 students Department of Physics and Astronomy HERBERT LEHMAN COLLEGE Spring 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Writing a laboratory report ............................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction: Measurement and uncertainty ................................................................................................. 3 Introduction: Units and conversions ............................................................................................................ 11 Experiment 1: Density .................................................................................................................................... 12 Experiment 2: Acceleration of a Freely Falling Object .............................................................................. 17 Experiment 3: Static Equilibrium .................................................................................................................. 22 Experiment 4: Newton’s Second Law .......................................................................................................... 27 Experiment 5: Conservation Laws in Collisions ......................................................................................... 33 Experiment 6: The Ballistic Pendulum ......................................................................................................... 41 Experiment 7: Rotational Equilibrium ........................................................................................................ -
GEORG OHM - Ω Physicist and Mathematician
GEORG OHM - Ω Physicist and Mathematician The start Georg Simon Ohm was born on 16th of March 1789 in Erlangen in Germany and died on 6th of July 1854 in Munich, Germany. He was born into a Protestant family and was the son of Johann Wolfgang Ohm and Maria Elizabeth Beck. The family had seven children, but only three survived: Georg, his younger brother Martin and his sister Elizabeth Barbara. His mother died when Georg was only 10 years old. Education Georg and Martin were taught by their father who brought them to a high standard in mathematics, physics, chemistry and philosophy. Georg Simon attended Erlangen Gymnasium from age eleven to fifteen where he hardly received any scientific education. After the Gymnasium, he was sent to Switzerland as his father was concerned that his son was wasting his educational opportunity. In September 1806 Ohm accepted a position as a mathematics teacher in a school in Gottstadt. Ohm restarted his mathematical studies, left his teaching post in March 1809 and became a private tutor in Neuchâtel. For two years he carried out his duties as a tutor while he followed private studies of mathematics. Then in April 1811 he returned to the University of Erlangen. Teaching Ohm received his doctorate from the University of Erlangen on October 25, 1811. He immediately joined the faculty there as a lecturer in mathematics but left after three semesters because of unpromising prospects. He could not survive on his salary as a lecturer. He had a few more teaching jobs after that and unhappy with his job, Georg began writing an elementary textbook on geometry as a way to prove his abilities. -
Network Map of Knowledge And
Humphry Davy George Grosz Patrick Galvin August Wilhelm von Hofmann Mervyn Gotsman Peter Blake Willa Cather Norman Vincent Peale Hans Holbein the Elder David Bomberg Hans Lewy Mark Ryden Juan Gris Ian Stevenson Charles Coleman (English painter) Mauritz de Haas David Drake Donald E. Westlake John Morton Blum Yehuda Amichai Stephen Smale Bernd and Hilla Becher Vitsentzos Kornaros Maxfield Parrish L. Sprague de Camp Derek Jarman Baron Carl von Rokitansky John LaFarge Richard Francis Burton Jamie Hewlett George Sterling Sergei Winogradsky Federico Halbherr Jean-Léon Gérôme William M. Bass Roy Lichtenstein Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael Tony Cliff Julia Margaret Cameron Arnold Sommerfeld Adrian Willaert Olga Arsenievna Oleinik LeMoine Fitzgerald Christian Krohg Wilfred Thesiger Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant Eva Hesse `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas Him Mark Lai Clark Ashton Smith Clint Eastwood Therkel Mathiassen Bettie Page Frank DuMond Peter Whittle Salvador Espriu Gaetano Fichera William Cubley Jean Tinguely Amado Nervo Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Ferdinand Hodler Françoise Sagan Dave Meltzer Anton Julius Carlson Bela Cikoš Sesija John Cleese Kan Nyunt Charlotte Lamb Benjamin Silliman Howard Hendricks Jim Russell (cartoonist) Kate Chopin Gary Becker Harvey Kurtzman Michel Tapié John C. Maxwell Stan Pitt Henry Lawson Gustave Boulanger Wayne Shorter Irshad Kamil Joseph Greenberg Dungeons & Dragons Serbian epic poetry Adrian Ludwig Richter Eliseu Visconti Albert Maignan Syed Nazeer Husain Hakushu Kitahara Lim Cheng Hoe David Brin Bernard Ogilvie Dodge Star Wars Karel Capek Hudson River School Alfred Hitchcock Vladimir Colin Robert Kroetsch Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Stephen Sondheim Robert Ludlum Frank Frazetta Walter Tevis Sax Rohmer Rafael Sabatini Ralph Nader Manon Gropius Aristide Maillol Ed Roth Jonathan Dordick Abdur Razzaq (Professor) John W. -
Experimental Confirmation of Weber Electrodynamics Against Maxwell Electrodynamics
Experimental confirmation of Weber electrodynamics against Maxwell electrodynamics Steffen Kuhn¨ steff[email protected] April 25, 2019 This article examines by means of an easily reproducible experiment whether Maxwell electrodynamics or the almost forgotten Weber electro- dynamics of Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber is correct. For this purpose, it is shown that when charging a capacitor with two very flat and horizontally aligned plates a force on a permanent magnet should arise be- tween the plates which differs in both theories diametrically in its direction. Subsequently, the measurement setup is described and, based on the mea- surement results, it is determined that Maxwell electrodynamics contradicts the experiment. The result of the experiment suggests that all aspects of modern physics should be subjected to a careful and critical review. Contents 1 Introduction2 2 Basics 3 2.1 The force between two uniformly moving point charges...........3 2.1.1 Weber force...............................3 2.1.2 Maxwell force..............................3 2.2 Forces between current elements.......................5 2.3 Magnetic forces in a wire gap.........................5 2.4 Solution of Maxwell's equations for a wire stub............... 10 3 Experiment 13 3.1 Experimental setup............................... 13 3.2 Measurement results and evaluation..................... 15 1 4 Summary and conclusion 17 1 Introduction Maxwell's equations have been very successful in describing electromagnetic waves for more than one hundred years. Their rise to the sole theory of electromagnetism be- gins with an article by James Clerk Maxwell in 1865 [Maxwell, 1865]. In this article he shows that from the complete set of Maxwell's equations, including the displacement current, a wave equation can be derived in which electromagnetic disturbances of the field propagate at the speed of light. -
A Brief History of Nuclear Astrophysics
A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS PART I THE ENERGY OF THE SUN AND STARS Nikos Prantzos Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris Stellar Origin of Energy the Elements Nuclear Astrophysics Astronomy Nuclear Physics Thermodynamics: the energy of the Sun and the age of the Earth 1847 : Robert Julius von Mayer Sun heated by fall of meteors 1854 : Hermann von Helmholtz Gravitational energy of Kant’s contracting protosolar nebula of gas and dust turns into kinetic energy Timescale ~ EGrav/LSun ~ 30 My 1850s : William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) Sun heated at formation from meteorite fall, now « an incadescent liquid mass » cooling Age 10 – 100 My 1859: Charles Darwin Origin of species : Rate of erosion of the Weald valley is 1 inch/century or 22 miles wild (X 1100 feet high) in 300 My Such large Earth ages also required by geologists, like Charles Lyell A gaseous, contracting and heating Sun 푀⊙ Mean solar density : ~1.35 g/cc Sun liquid Incompressible = 4 3 푅 3 ⊙ 1870s: J. Homer Lane ; 1880s :August Ritter : Sun gaseous Compressible As it shrinks, it releases gravitational energy AND it gets hotter Earth Mayer – Kelvin - Helmholtz Helmholtz - Ritter A gaseous, contracting and heating Sun 푀⊙ Mean solar density : ~1.35 g/cc Sun liquid Incompressible = 4 3 푅 3 ⊙ 1870s: J. Homer Lane ; 1880s :August Ritter : Sun gaseous Compressible As it shrinks, it releases gravitational energy AND it gets hotter Earth Mayer – Kelvin - Helmholtz Helmholtz - Ritter A gaseous, contracting and heating Sun 푀⊙ Mean solar density : ~1.35 g/cc Sun liquid Incompressible = 4 3 푅 3 ⊙ 1870s: J. -
Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
Staying Optimistic: the Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism
Strickland, Lloyd 2019 Staying Optimistic: The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism. Journal of Modern Philosophy, 1(1): 3, pp. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32881/jomp.3 RESEARCH Staying Optimistic: The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism Lloyd Strickland Manchester Metropolitan University, GB [email protected] The oft-told story of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world, or optimism, is that it enjoyed a great deal of popularity in the eighteenth century until the massive earthquake that struck Lisbon on 1 November 1755 destroyed its support. Despite its long history, this story is nothing more than a commentators’ fiction that has become accepted wisdom not through sheer weight of evidence but through sheer frequency of repetition. In this paper we shall examine the reception of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world in the eighteenth century in order to get a clearer understanding of what its fate really was. As we shall see, while Leibniz’s doctrine did win a good number of adherents in the 1720s and 1730s, especially in Germany, support for it had largely dried up by the mid-1740s; moreover, while opponents of Leibniz’s doctrine were few and far between in the 1710s and 1720s, they became increasing vocal in the 1730s and afterwards, between them producing an array of objections that served to make Leibnizian optimism both philosophically and theologically toxic years before the Lisbon earthquake struck. Keywords: Leibniz; Optimism; Best world; Lisbon earthquake; Evil; Wolff The oft-told story of Leibniz’s doctrine of the best world, or optimism, is that it enjoyed a great deal of popularity in the eighteenth century until the massive earthquake that struck Lisbon on 1 November 1755 destroyed its support. -
Kratylos ; Parmenides Gratis Epub, Ebook
PLATOON VERZAMELD WERK 7: KRATYLOS ; PARMENIDES GRATIS Auteur: Plato Aantal pagina's: 222 pagina's Verschijningsdatum: none Uitgever: none EAN: 9789060304280 Taal: nl Link: Download hier PLATOON VERZAMELD WERK. Plato - Politeia Oxford: Clarendon Press, Edited by John Burnet. Red cloth with gilt titles to spine. Slightly bumped to top of spine. Somewhat rubbed to edges. Heavily annotated to a small number of pages. George Bell and Sons, The Doubtful Works literally translated by George Burges. Rubbed and bumped. Minor marks to dark blue cloth. Text is clean. Edinburgh: Sphere, Edited by R. Hare and D. Pencil note to prelim. Pages are lightly tanned. Rubbed to edges. Good copy.. London, William Heinemann. Used - Good. VG hardback in VG dust jacket. Plaats een gratis advertentie bij www. Wilt u op de hoogte blijven van deze zoekopdracht? Registreer nu! U ontvangt een bericht als er een verandering wordt geconstateerd. Uitgebreid zoeken. Afbeelding: Alleen tonen met afbeelding. Van: Afgelopen week. Zoeken Meer opties Reset filters. Niet gevonden wat u zocht? Sla laatste zoekopdracht op. Alle rechten voorbehouden. Switch language Algemene voorwaarden Privacy en cookies Contact. Platoon: Politeia [Platoon Verzameld Werk 10] wat is rechtvaardigheid? Boekhandel Shambala. Sofist; Staatsman Platoon Verzameld werk 8 meer info. Charmides - Lysis - Laches - Menoon - Hippias. Vertaald uit het Grieks meer info. Dick Zandbergen. Xenophoon - Phaidros - Symposion. Kratylos Parmenides Platoon Verzameld werk 7 meer info. Xenophoon - Phaidros Symposion Platoon Verzameld werk 1 meer info. Het commentaar is opgedragen aan en gericht tot Lorenzo de' Medici, die Ficino's pupil is geweest. Marcilio Ficino is de eerste geweest die het volledige werk van Platoon in een Latijnse vertaling weer toegankelijk heeft gemaakt voor de Westerse denkwereld. -
Student Pages Part B 3C P2
Fat: Who Says? Measuring Obesity by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Circuitous Adventures-Measuring Electrical Values Student Information Page 3C Part B Activity Introduction: Surge ahead and learn how to use a multimeter device to measure voltage, amps, and resistance. Resistance is futile! Activity Background: Whenever charged particles are taken from one object and given to another object, an imbalance of charge occurs. This imbalance of charge is called voltage (or potential difference). Voltage is measured in units called Volts (V), named after Alessandro Volta. An electric current is nothing more than the flow of electric charges from one location to another. The measure of how much flow is occurring at any given point is called the amperage and is measured in units called amps (A), named after André-Marie Ampère. Electric charges can only flow through certain materials, called conductors. Materials that resist the flow of current are called insulators. Materials offer resistance to the flow of current. This resistance is measured in units called ohms (Ω), named after its discovered Georg Ohm. Ohm’s law states that the amount of current (I) flowing through a conductor times the resistance (R) of the conductor is equal to voltage (V) of the source of power (i.e. batteries). This law is often expressed in the following form: V = I X R Note: V = voltage, I = current, and R = resistance Activity Materials: • 2 batteries • 1 battery holder • Several electrical wires (stripped) or with alligator clips • 1 buzzer • 1 switch • 1 Analog multimeter • 1 Copy Student Information Page • 1 Copy Student Data Page • Transparency of Figure 3 Part B LESSON 3 ® Positively Aging /M.O.R.E. -
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F. -
Searching for Statesmanship: a Corpus-Based Analysis of a Translated Political Discourse
Polis, The Journal for Ancient Greek AND ROMAN Political Thought 36 (2019) 216-241 brill.com/agpt Searching for Statesmanship: a Corpus-Based Analysis of a Translated Political Discourse Henry Jones University of Manchester, UK [email protected] Abstract With its connotations of superior moral integrity, exceptional leadership qualities and expertise in the science of government, the modern ideal of statesmanship is most commonly traced back to the ancient Greek concept of πολιτικός (politikos) and the work of Plato and Aristotle in particular. Through an analysis of a large corpus of modern English translations of political works, built as part of the AHRC Genealogies of Knowledge project (http://genealogiesofknowledge.net/), this case-study aims to explore patterns that are specific to this translated discourse, with a view to under- standing the crucial role played by translators in shaping its development and reception in society. It ultimately seeks to argue that the model of statesmanship pre- sented in translations from ancient Greek is just as much a product of the receiving culture (and the social anxieties of Victorian Britain especially) as it is inherited from the classical world. Keywords translation – statesmanship – democracy – Plato – Aristotle – classical Greece 1 Introduction: Defining Statesmanship1 We have a great many politicians in the country, perhaps as many as the country requires. I should not wish to ask for a larger supply of these; but 1 This research was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (Grant number: AH/M010007/1). © Henry Jones, 2019 | doi:10.1163/20512996-12340208 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the cc-by license.Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 02:09:03PM via free access Searching for Statesmanship 217 there is a wide difference between the politician and the statesman.