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Sixty-Eighth Congress March 4, 1923, to March 3, 1925

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SIXTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1923, TO MARCH 3, 1925 FIRST SESSION—December 3, 1923, to June 7, 1924 SECOND SESSION—December 1, 1924, to March 3, 1925 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—CALVIN COOLIDGE, 1 of Massachusetts PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—ALBERT B. CUMMINS, of Iowa SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—GEORGE A. SANDERSON, 2 of Illinois SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—DAVID S. BARRY, of Rhode Island SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—FREDERICK H. GILLETT, 3 of Massachusetts CLERK OF THE HOUSE—WILLIAM TYLER PAGE, 4 of Maryland SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—JOSEPH G. ROGERS, of Pennsylvania DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—BERT W. KENNEDY, of Michigan POSTMASTER OF THE HOUSE—FRANK W. COLLIER ALABAMA ARKANSAS Henry E. Barbour, Fresno SENATORS Arthur M. Free, San Jose SENATORS Walter F. Lineberger, Long Beach Joseph T. Robinson, Little Rock Oscar W. Underwood, Birmingham John D. Fredericks, 11 Los Angeles Thaddeus H. Caraway, Jonesboro J. Thomas Heflin, Lafayette Philip D. Swing, El Centro REPRESENTATIVES REPRESENTATIVES William J. Driver, Osceola John McDuffie, Monroeville COLORADO William A. Oldfield, Batesville SENATORS John R. Tyson, 5 Montgomery John N. Tillman, Fayetteville 6 Lawrence C. Phipps, Denver Lister Hill, Montgomery Otis Wingo, De Queen Samuel D. Nicholson, 12 Leadville Henry B. Steagall, Ozark Heartsill Ragon, Clarksville Alva B. Adams, 13 Pueblo Lamar Jeffers, Anniston Lewis E. Sawyer, 7 Hot Springs Rice W. Means, 14 Denver William B. Bowling, Lafayette James B. Reed, 8 Lonoke William B. Oliver, Tuscaloosa Tilman B. Parks, Hope REPRESENTATIVES Miles C. Allgood, Allgood William N. Vaile, Denver Edward B. Almon, Tuscumbia CALIFORNIA Charles B. Timberlake, Sterling George Huddleston, Birmingham SENATORS Guy U. Hardy, Canon City William B. Bankhead, Jasper Hiram W. Johnson, San Francisco Edward T. Taylor, Glenwood Springs Samuel M. Shortridge, Menlo Park CONNECTICUT ARIZONA REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS Clarence F. Lea, Santa Rosa SENATORS 15 John E. Raker, Alturas Frank B. Brandegee, New London Henry F. Ashurst, Prescott Hiram Bingham, 16 New Haven Ralph H. Cameron, Phoenix Charles F. Curry, Sacramento Julius Kahn, 9 San Francisco George P. McLean, Simsbury REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE Mae E. Nolan, 10 San Francisco REPRESENTATIVES Carl Hayden, Phoenix James H. MacLafferty, Oakland E. Hart Fenn, Wethersfield 1 Became President upon the death of Warren G. Har- 8 Elected October 6, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by death Congress, and became a member of the House on Decem- ding, August 3, 1923; Vice Presidency remained vacant of Lewis E. Sawyer, and became a member of the House ber 3, 1923. until March 4, 1925. on December 3, 1923. 12 Died March 24, 1923. 2 Reelected December 17, 1923. 9 Died December 18, 1924, before the commencement 13 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of Samuel 3 Reelected December 3, 1923. of the Sixty-ninth Congress, to which he had been re- D. Nicholson, and took his seat December 3, 1923. 4 elected. 14 Reelected December 3, 1923. 10 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Samuel 5 Died March 27, 1923, before Congress assembled. Elected January 23, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by D. Nicholson, and took his seat December 1, 1924. death of her husband Representative-elect John I. Nolan 6 Elected August 14, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by 15 Died October 14, 1924. in preceding Congress, and became a member of the House 16 death of Representative-elect John R. Tyson, and became on February 12, 1923. Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Frank B. a member of the House on December 3, 1923. 11 Elected May 1, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by death Brandegee, and took his seat January 9, 1925. Vacancy 7 Died May 5, 1923, before Congress assembled. of Representative-elect Henry Z. Osborne in preceding from October 15, 1924, to December 17, 1924. [ 314 ] SIXTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS 315 Richard P. Freeman, New London Morton D. Hull, 21 Chicago Gilbert N. Haugen, Northwood John Q. Tilson, New Haven Elliott W. Sproul, Chicago Cyrenus Cole, Cedar Rapids Schuyler Merritt, Stamford John W. Rainey, 22 Chicago C. William Ramseyer, Bloomfield Patrick B. O’Sullivan, Derby Thomas A. Doyle, 23 Chicago Cassius C. Dowell, Des Moines Adolph J. Sabath, Chicago Horace M. Towner, 26 Corning DELAWARE James R. Buckley, 24 Chicago Hiram K. Evans, 27 Corydon SENATORS M. Alfred Michaelson, Chicago William R. Green, Council Bluffs L. Heisler Ball, Marshallton Stanley H. Kunz, Chicago L. J. Dickinson, Algona Thomas F. Bayard, Jr., Wilmington Fred A. Britten, Chicago William D. Boies, Sheldon REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE Carl R. Chindblom, Chicago Frank R. Reid, Aurora William H. Boyce, Dover KANSAS Charles E. Fuller, Belvidere SENATORS FLORIDA John C. McKenzie, Elizabeth Charles Curtis, Topeka William J. Graham, 25 Aledo SENATORS Arthur Capper, Topeka Edward J. King, Galesburg Duncan U. Fletcher, Jacksonville William E. Hull, Peoria REPRESENTATIVES Park Trammell, Lakeland Frank H. Funk, Bloomington Daniel R. Anthony, Jr., Leavenworth REPRESENTATIVES William P. Holaday, Georgetown Edward C. Little, 28 Kansas City Herbert J. Drane, Lakeland Allen F. Moore, Monticello U. S. Guyer, 29 Kansas City Frank Clark, Gainesville Henry T. Rainey, Carrollton W. H. Sproul, Sedan John H. Smithwick, Pensacola J. Earl Major, Hillsboro Homer Hoch, Marion William J. Sears, Kissimmee Edward E. Miller, East St. Louis James G. Strong, Blue Rapids William W. Arnold, Robinson Hays B. White, Mankato GEORGIA Thomas S. Williams, Louisville J. N. Tincher, Medicine Lodge SENATORS Edward E. Denison, Marion William A. Ayres, Wichita William J. Harris, Cedartown At Large–Richard Yates, Springfield Walter F. George, Vienna At Large–Henry R. Rathbone, KENTUCKY REPRESENTATIVES Kenilworth SENATORS R. Lee Moore, 17 Statesboro Augustus O. Stanley, Henderson Frank Park, Sylvester INDIANA Richard P. Ernst, Covington Charles R. Crisp, Americus SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES William C. Wright, Newnan James E. Watson, Rushville Alben W. Barkley, Paducah William D. Upshaw, Atlanta Samuel M. Ralston, Indianapolis David H. Kincheloe, Madisonville James W. Wise, 18 Fayetteville REPRESENTATIVES Robert Y. Thomas, Jr., Central City Gordon Lee, Chickamauga William E. Wilson, Evansville Ben Johnson, Bardstown Charles H. Brand, Athens Arthur H. Greenwood, Washington Maurice H. Thatcher, Louisville Thomas M. Bell, Gainesville Frank Gardner, Scottsburg Arthur B. Rouse, Burlington Carl Vinson, Milledgeville Harry C. Canfield, Batesville James C. Cantrill, 30 Georgetown William C. Lankford, Douglas Everett Sanders, Terre Haute Joseph W. Morris, 31 New Castle William W. Larsen, Dublin Richard N. Elliott, Connersville Ralph Gilbert, Shelbyville Merrill Moores, Indianapolis William J. Fields, 32 Olive Hill IDAHO Albert H. Vestal, Anderson Fred M. Vinson, 33 Louisa SENATORS Fred S. Purnell, Attica John W. Langley, Pikeville William E. Borah, Boise William R. Wood, La Fayette John M. Robsion, Barbourville Frank R. Gooding, Gooding Samuel E. Cook, Huntington REPRESENTATIVES Louis W. Fairfield, Angola LOUISIANA Burton L. French, Moscow Andrew J. Hickey, La Porte SENATORS Addison T. Smith, Twin Falls Joseph E. Ransdell, Lake Providence IOWA Edwin S. Broussard, New Iberia SENATORS ILLINOIS REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS Albert B. Cummins, Des Moines James O’Connor, New Orleans 19 Medill McCormick, Chicago Smith W. Brookhart, Washington H. Garland Dupre´, 34 New Orleans 20 Charles S. Deneen, Chicago REPRESENTATIVES J. Zach Spearing, 35 New Orleans William B. McKinley, Champaign William F. Kopp, Mount Pleasant Whitmell P. Martin, Thibodaux REPRESENTATIVES Harry E. Hull, Williamsburg John N. Sandlin, Minden Martin B. Madden, Chicago T. J. B. Robinson, Hampton Riley J. Wilson, Harrisonburg 17 Election unsuccessfully contested by Don H. Clark. 24 Election unsuccessfully contested by John J. Gorman. 31 Elected November 30, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by 18 Never qualified owing to prolonged illness. 25 Resigned June 7, 1924; vacancy throughout remainder death of James C. Cantrill, and became a member of the 19 Died February 25, 1925. of the Congress. House on December 3, 1923. 20 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of Medill 26 Resigned April 1, 1923, before Congress assembled. 32 Resigned December 11, 1923. McCormick, and took his seat February 28, 1925. 27 Elected June 19, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by res- 33 Elected January 24, 1924, to fill vacancy caused by 21 Elected April 3, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by death ignation of Horace M. Towner, and became a member resignation of William J. Fields, and became a member of Representative-elect James R. Mann in preceding Con- of the House on December 3, 1923. of the House on January 31, 1924. gress, and became a member of the House on December 28 34 3, 1923. Died June 27, 1924. Died February 21, 1924. 29 35 22 Died May 4, 1923. Elected November 4, 1924, to fill vacancy caused by Elected April 22, 1924, to fill vacancy caused by death 23 Elected November 6, 1923, to fill vacancy caused by death of Edward C. Little, and became a member of the of H. Garland Dupre´, and became a member of the House death of John W. Rainey, and became a member of the House on December 1, 1924. on May 15, 1924. House on December 3, 1923. 30 Died September 2, 1923, before Congress assembled. 316 Biographical Directory LOUISIANA—Continued Earl C. Michener, Adrian Sidney C. Roach, Linn Creek J. M. C. Smith, 42 Charlotte Clarence Cannon, Elsberry REPRESENTATIVES—Continued Arthur B. Williams, 43 Battle Creek Cleveland A. Newton, St. Louis George K. Favrot, Baton Rouge John C. Ketcham, Hastings Harry B. Hawes, St. Louis Ladislas Lazaro, Washington Carl E. Mapes, Grand Rapids Leonidas C. Dyer, St. Louis James B. Aswell, Natchitoches Grant M. Hudson, East Lansing J. Scott Wolff, Festus Louis C. Cramton, Lapeer James F. Fulbright, Doniphan MAINE Bird J. Vincent, Saginaw Joe J. Manlove, Joplin SENATORS James C. McLaughlin, Muskegon Thomas L. Rubey, Lebanon Bert M. Fernald, West Poland Roy O. Woodruff, Bay City Frederick Hale, Portland Frank D.
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  • Ally, the Okla- Homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: a History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989)

    Ally, the Okla- Homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: a History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989)

    Oklahoma History 750 The following information was excerpted from the work of Arrell Morgan Gibson, specifically, The Okla- homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989). Oklahoma: A History of the Sooner State (University of Oklahoma Press 1964) by Edwin C. McReynolds was also used, along with Muriel Wright’s A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma (University of Oklahoma Press 1951), and Don G. Wyckoff’s Oklahoma Archeology: A 1981 Perspective (Uni- versity of Oklahoma, Archeological Survey 1981). • Additional information was provided by Jenk Jones Jr., Tulsa • David Hampton, Tulsa • Office of Archives and Records, Oklahoma Department of Librar- ies • Oklahoma Historical Society. Guide to Oklahoma Museums by David C. Hunt (University of Oklahoma Press, 1981) was used as a reference. 751 A Brief History of Oklahoma The Prehistoric Age Substantial evidence exists to demonstrate the first people were in Oklahoma approximately 11,000 years ago and more than 550 generations of Native Americans have lived here. More than 10,000 prehistoric sites are recorded for the state, and they are estimated to represent about 10 percent of the actual number, according to archaeologist Don G. Wyckoff. Some of these sites pertain to the lives of Oklahoma’s original settlers—the Wichita and Caddo, and perhaps such relative latecomers as the Kiowa Apache, Osage, Kiowa, and Comanche. All of these sites comprise an invaluable resource for learning about Oklahoma’s remarkable and diverse The Clovis people lived Native American heritage. in Oklahoma at the Given the distribution and ages of studies sites, Okla- homa was widely inhabited during prehistory.