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CSIG News, Summer 2010 IN THI S Iss UE D’arne O’Neill Mechthild Ladurner SOUTH AR A BI A N TERR A COTT A FIGU - 2 TERR A COTT A DEDIC A TION S IN CON - 15 RINE S F ROM THE MA RIB Oas I S , YEMEN TEXT : AN EX A M P LE F ROM ELE A VELI A Erell Hubert Caitlín Barrett and Emil Nankov MOCHE FIGURINE S A ND THE COLONIZ A - 4 EG yp TI A N IM A GER Y IN HELLENI S TIC 17 TION O F THE SA NT A VA LLE Y , PERU BULG A RI A : LA M ps F ROM THE THR A CI A N CIT Y O F SEUTHO P OLI S Vanessa Chillemi CORO P L as TIC A MODELL A TO A M A NO IN 6 Paul Jacobs SICILI A ; P ROBLEMI DI P RODUZIONE E FIGURINE 70668, TELL HA LI F , IS R A EL 18 DI ff UZIONE Adi Erlich Announcement TERRACO tt A FIGURINES F ROM ANCIEN T 20 FIGURINE SE ss ION A T ASOR 2010 7 TIMES : AN EXHIBITION A T THE NA- TION A L MA RITIME MU S EUM IN HA I fa , Izak Cornelius IS R A EL TERR A COTT A FIGURINE S F ROM PA LE S - 8 TINE IN THE PER S I A N PERIOD CSIG BOOK RE V IEW S INITI A TI V E 21 Raz Kletter Marina Albertocchi YAVNEH I PUBLI S HED 9 εις μνήμην PIERO ORL A NDINI 22 Mehdi Mortazavi Call for Papers FIGURINE S O F BRONZE AGE IR A N : TE P E 11 FIGURINE S IN CONTEXT : ICONOGR ap H Y 23 Das HT A ND FUNCTION (S) Elizabeth Weistra Announcement TERR A COTT A VOTI V E Off ERING S F ROM 13 CSIG TO SP ON S OR ROUND TA BLE A T 25 THE ATHEN A ION IN FR A NC av ILL A ASOR 2010 MA RITTIM A , CA L A BRI A , IT A L Y : FROM COLLECTION TO CONTEXT The Coroplastic Studies Interest Group is a recognized Interest Group of the Archaeological Institute of America. Founded in 2007, the CSIG now com- prises 122 members from 19 countries around the world who are conducting archaeological, historical, technical, and/or art historical research on issues pertaining to sculptural objects in terracotta, regardless of chronological or geographical focus. http://www.coroplasticstudies.org 01 NEWSLETTER OF THE COROPLASTIC STUDIES INTEREST GROUP • No. 4 SUMMER 2010 D’arne O’Neill (University of Sydney) SOUTH AR A BI A N TERR A COTT A FIGURINE S F ROM THE MA RIB Oas I S , YEMEN South Arabian terracotta figurines ing the first half of the first mil- terpretation can often be seen as are currently known from both lennium BCE. It consisted of an a proxy indicator of the latest in- excavations and art market pur- extensive settlement infrastruc- tellectual paradigm. However, at chases in Yemen. However, apart ture that included Marib, the capi- least in the case of the dromedary from studies describing unprov- tal, the state temple of Almaqah, terracottas it may be that they enanced examples held in various and the Awam cemetery, as well were substitutes for burials of museums in Sana’a and mention as other temples, cemeteries, set- real camels. Whether the drom- in some excavation reports, there tlements, and hydraulic works. edary terracottas co-existed with, has been little research devoted to preceded, or post-dated burials of them.1 One of the earliest dated So far the greatest numbers of real camels is difficult to know. repertoires was excavated from terracottas from the oasis have The anthropomorphic representa- settlement sites near Aden in the been excavated from the Awam tions are mainly standing females, south of Yemen by a joint Ger- cemetery.3 The cemetery was with only two figurines of males man-Russian team in the 1990s. most probably an elite cemetery It consists of about 120 terracottas because of its monumental archi- and is dated from the third to the tecture and its location next to the very early first millennia BCE. Almaqah temple, the main state shrine. Unfortunately, the cem- etery lacks stratigraphy, being badly eroded and looted in both ancient and modern times, so dat- ing of the terracotta figurines can- not be more precise than the first millennium BCE. A further 88 terracottas are known from gen- eral surveys in the oasis. Again dating is very uncertain, but the oasis was irrigated by at least the second, if not the third, mil- lennium BCE. However the only terracottas so far excavated from stratigraphic contexts in the oa- sis come from the Bar’an temple, where they have been dated be- tween the fifth/fourth centuries 4 BCE and the third century CE. Fig. 2 Female terracotta figurine Awam cem- The Awam cemetery repertoire etery Marib Oasis. Photo © DAI J. Kramer Fig.1. Dromedary terracotta figurinesAwam consists of nearly 300 zoomor- cemetery Marib oasis. Photo © DAI J. Kramer. Drawing © DAI M. Manda phic and anthropomorphic terra- currently identified. At this stage cotta figurines, with zoomorphic of the project comparanda is lim- terracottas accounting for slightly ited to South Arabia. However, one of the larger rep- over half the total repertoire. To- ertoires is from the Marib oasis gether, dromedaries and female As with all repertoires of figu- and the nearby Sabaean city of figurines make up 90 per cent of rines, the functions and symbolic Sirwah, about 135 kms north- the total repertoire. Both groups importance of the South Arabian east of Sana’a. Excavated by the comprise stylized, simple repre- repertoire are ambiguous and de- Deutsches Archäologisches Insti- sentations, and where decoration pendent on their specific cultural tut (DAI), these terracottas cur- is applied it is most commonly as context. However, the project rently make up the main body bands of red paint, although head will initially concentrate on three of a research project into South and neck treatments are also pres- questions. First, the notion of Arabian terracotta figurines. The sent (figs. 1 - 4). Much discussion substitution is a fertile concept in Marib oasis was the ‘heartland’ of has been spent on the function relation to terracotta use. Such use the powerful Sabaean state dur- of figurines so that terracotta in- of substitution has been argued for 02 NEWSLETTER OF THE COROPLASTIC STUDIES INTEREST GROUP • No. 4 SUMMER 2010 to track diachronic cavations of the German Institute changes in terracotta of Archaeology at the cemetery of function, but the lack Aw_m in Marib,” Proceedings of of stratigraphy and the Seminar for Arabian Studies the unprovenanced 28:117-24. nature of much of the Marib oasis terracot- 4 VO gt , B. 1997. “Les temples ta figurine repertoire de Ma’rib – Bar‘ân,” In C.J. prevent this. Howev- Robin and B. Vogt (eds.) Yémen, er, the terracotta figu- au pays de la reine de Saba’. rines from Sirwah, Paris:Flammarion:140-46. a well-controlled, stratigraphic excava- 5 POS tg A T E , J.N. 1994. “Text tion, may make this and figure in Mesopotamia,” a possibility as the In C. Renfrew and E.B.W. Zu- project progresses. brow, The Ancient Mind. Ele- Fig. 3. Figurine head treatment. Awam cemetery Marib oasis. Drawing © DAI M. Manda ments of Cognitive Archaeology. RE F ERENCE S Cambridge:Cambridge Univer- sity Press:176-184. 1 YASEEN G.T., EL - GAMILI M.M., and 6 MESKELL , L. 2007. “Refiguring SHALAN A.M. 1996. the corpus at Çatalhöyük,” In C. “Unpublished ter- Renfrew and I. Morley (eds.) Im- racotta figurines in age and Imagination: A Global the Museum of the Prehistory of Figurative Repre- Archaeology De- sentation. Cambridge: McDon- partment, Sana’a ald Institute of Archaeological University, Yemen,” Research, University of Cam- Arabian Archaeol- bridge:137-49. ogy and Epigraphy 7:287–303. MOORE Y , P.R.S. 2003. Idols of the People. Miniature Images of YASEEN , G.T. and Clay in the Ancient Near East, SHAR G ABI , D.D. 2007. Oxford: Oxford University Press Fig. 4. Terracotta figurine neck treatment Marib Oasis. “Terracotta figurines Photo © DAI from the National and Military muse- ums in Sana’a, Ye- clay figurines and miniature ves- men,” Arabian Archaeology and sels in other West Asian contexts Epigraphy 18:193-207. by Postgate, but is it a relevant concept for South Arabian ter- 2 VO gt , B. and SEDO V , A. 1998. racottas?5 Second, both Moorey “The Sabir culture and coastal and Meskell have commented on Yemen during the second mil- the ‘everyday-ness’ of terracot- lennium BC – the present state tas.6 To what extent do terracotta of discussion,” Proceedings of figurines provide a much needed the Seminar for Arabian Studies window into South Arabian ev- 28:261-70. eryday symbolic landscapes, in- cluding non-elite, symbolic land- 3 GERLACH , I. 2002. “Der Fried- scapes? Third, terracotta figurines hof des Aw_m-Tempels in Marib. are known from mortuary, settle- Bericht der Ausgrabungen von ment, and temple contexts in the 1997 bis 2000,” Archäologische oasis, so can different production, Berichte aus dem Yemen IX:41- use, and discard patterns be dis- 91. cerned between the various con- Contact: [email protected]. texts? It would also be exciting HI tg EN , H. 1998. “The 1997 ex- edu.au 03 NEWSLETTER OF THE COROPLASTIC STUDIES INTEREST GROUP • No. 4 SUMMER 2010 Erell Hubert (Cambridge University) MOCHE FIGURINE S A ND THE COLONIZ A TION O F THE SA NT A VA LLE Y , PERU For my master’s thesis, I tried local population during phase III Valley are hollow (78,4%).
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