ISSN 1348-0154
BulletinBulletin ౪༔౫ሰᅠۥᵥ
‒ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ Ⴘ‒‒ഏ‒ ‒ ‒ ཎⴭㄽᩥ ࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞ࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟య ̿▷⦅ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࠖࢆ୰ᚰ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Ⳣ ཎ ⚈ 5 Kambala’s SƗdhananidhi ⃬Critical Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts of Chapters from 4 to 7㺃㺃㺃 Tsunehiko Sugiki 19 ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࡅࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ ̿ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢ 3<3 ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᴫᛕࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗయ⣔ࡍࡿ‽ഛ ࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᮧ ඞ 㑻 47 ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ ̿ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂྥࡅ࡚̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᭹ 㒊 ୍ ᯞ 75
ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ ᑠᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿຠᯝⓗ࡞⟶ᡴᴦჾᣦᑟἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ 㡢ᴦᤵᴗ㐃ᦠࡋࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡉࢀࡓຠ⋡ⓗ⟶ᡴᴦჾᩍ⫱᪉ἲ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ▼ ⏣ ಟ ୍ 95 ᮏᏛᏛ⏕ࡢ㌟య⤌ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㧗 ᶫ ᪩ ⱑ 127
⏕ᾭᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᑎ ᮏ ጁ Ꮚ 137
ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ㛵㐃せᅉ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᑎ ᮏ ጁ Ꮚ 143 Applied Linguistics: Effective Learning Pedagogical Strategies and Curriculum Design The Cutting Edge of Civic and Citizen Education ⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦⊦ Hirona Matayoshi 155
Sociolinguistics: A Linguistic Analysis of the Era of Violence in African American Spirituals, Jazz, & Blues - Civil Action and Effective Citizenship Education through the Language War 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Hirona Matayoshi 179
ࡑࡢ International Exchange with Soochow University 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Elizabeth J. Lange Victor Gorshkov 203 Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗࡢ㟁Ꮚ₯ࡴ㝗✶ ̿◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢどⅬࡽ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࢆッ࠼ࡿ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ℧ ᕝ ಟ ࿃ 209 ⩻ヂ ࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ࣮ࠗࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᘵத࠸࠘ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㜿 㒊 㞝 ୍ 290 ཎⴭㄽᩥ ᒸᮏࡢᏊࠕᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟࠖὠᓥభᏊࠕཔᏊ⋤ࠖ ̿ࠑḷᯖࠒⓗᛶ᱁ࢆどᗙ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 బࠎᮌ ࡉ ࡼ 307 ᩍ⫱◊✲ᴗ⦼୍ぴ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 308 THE BULLETIN OF KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY No.15‒ Contents
Original Article ⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus” 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sho Sugawara 5
࢝ࣥࣂࣛసࠗᡂᑵἲࡢⶶᗜ࠘̿➨ 㹼 ❶ࡢࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜࢵࢺㄒ࣭ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺㄒᰯゞࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ᮡᮌᜏᙪ 19
Note ⃯The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic” of Hegel ⃬As preparations to systematize “concepts” used in the PYP of International Baccalaureate, I will understand “the judgement theory” by focusing on the role of "Particular”. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Katsurou Kitamura 47
Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology ̿A study of Nurturing Practical Teaching Abilitiesʊ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Kazue Hattori 75
Report A Study on the Effective Teaching Method of Wind and Percussion Instruments at Elementary schools. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Shuichi Ishida 95
A study on the body composition of the students of Kaichi International University 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sanae Takahashi 127
Psychoeducational program for promoting attitude toward nurturing the next generation in lifelong learning course. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Taeko Teramoto 137 Factors related to active learning in primary and secondary education. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Taeko Teramoto 143 ᛂ⏝ゝㄒᏛ㸸ຠᯝⓗᏛ⩦࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢸࣈ㺃 ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᩍ⫱Ꮫⓗᡓ␎࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛタィ ̿᭱ඛ➃ࡢᕷẸᩍ⫱බẸᩍ⫱̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ཪ ྜྷ ᘯ 㑣 155
♫ゝㄒᏛ㸸ࣇ࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࣜ࢝ࣥࢫࣆࣜࢳࣕࣝࠊࢪࣕࢬࣈ࣮ࣝࢫࡢ୰࡛ࡢࠊᭀຊ௦ ࡢゝㄒศᯒ ̿ゝㄒᡓதࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢࢩࣅ࣭ࣝࢡࢩࣙࣥຠᯝⓗ࡞࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢸࣈᕷẸ බẸᩍ⫱̿ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ཪ ྜྷ ᘯ 㑣 179 Others ⸽ᕞᏛࡢᅜ㝿ὶ㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ࣛࣥࢠ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ, J ࢦࣝࢩࢥࣇ ࣅࢡࢺࣝ 203
Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with computerization of the working process in scholarly publication. 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Shugo Takigawa 209
Translation Franz Grillparzer: Ein Bruderzwist in Habsburg. Japanische Übersetzung mit einem Nachwort 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Yuichi Abe 290
Original Article Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tǀkaidǀ and Ynjko Tsushima’s Zushiǀ 㸫Analyzed through an Utamakura Descriptive Epithet Perspective㸫 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 Sayo Sasaki 307 Results of Educational Research 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 308
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 5
ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ Ҿᓸᛯ૨ܖٻᨥ ⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳‒ ⃬⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬⃬‒‒ 1 ᓌҾ‒ ᅙ‒ ․• ɭኔࢸҞ↝∃∞∏∙⇯⇁ˊᘙↈ↺˺ܼ⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↞⅚ᐯ៲↝˺Լ↝ɶ↖ɟᝦↆ↕ʴ ↕᧓↝ᛐჷ↝բ᫆⅚↗↹↾ↀྸᚐɧᏡ↙Ⅴ˂ᎍⅥ⇁Э↚ↆ⇙∙⇥⇕⇮↝ӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋݑↆ ↝ႎբ᫆⅚̊ⅷ↟ᛐჷၐधᎍܖ˟ⅾ↝ᅈٶ↝ˊྵ⅚↞ⅼ˺ܼ↖ⅱ↺⅛ↂⅵↆ−∆↝բ᫆᧙࣎ ⅾ↝ᅆՐ⇁ɨⅷٶ↚ⅹↀ↺ʼᜱᎍ⃫ᘮʼᜱᎍ↝Ⴛʝྸᚐ↝բ᫆↙↘⇁ᎋⅷ↺ᨥ↚↘↙ئྵ↝⇈⇗ ↕ⅾ↻↺↱↝↖ⅱ↺⅛‒ ‒ ஜᆜ↞ↂⅵↆᚇໜⅺ↸⅚⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↝ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ӕ↹ɥↁ⅚ྸᚐɧӧᏡ ⅚↞↝↙ⅤӖܾↈ↺Ⅵ↗ⅳⅵↂ↗↝ӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋⅷ↺⅛Ⅶ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ↚ⅹⅳ↕ཎࣉႎ⇁נ܍↙ ↺ↈ↺∓∂⇩⇮ⅻ↭↺↖ᎊᘛↆ⅚ᛐჷၐ⇁ध→ᎊʴ↖ⅱ↺ⅺ↝↷ⅵ↚੨ⅺ↻↕ⅳئↂ↚ႇ ⅳⅵↂ↗↖ⅱ↹⅚ɼʴπ↖ⅱ↺⇺∑⇕⇟↞⅚ⅵↆ∓∂⇩⇮↝Ⅴ↭↭↙↸↙ⅳⅥ៲˳↚ݣↆ↗ ↕˴↸ⅺ↝ࣖሉ⇁˷Β↙ⅾↄ↻↺⅛ஜᆜ↞⅚ↂⅵↆ−∆˺Լ↚ⅹↀ↺ɧᐯဌ↙˂ᎍ↝៲˳⇁Э ‒⅛↺ↈ↺ࠎஓ↗ᩊ⇁ਦઇↈנↆʴ᧓↝ᝧ˓⃫ࣖሉӧᏡࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋⅷ↺ↂ↗↖⅚ʼᜱ↚ϋ↚
äääääääääääääääääääää‒⇓⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆‒ Ⅶ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ‒ ⁅‸‒ ‒ ᛐჷၐ‒ ‒ ∓∂⇩⇮‒
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ≀ㄒ࠘ ࡣᚎࠎே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆၥ࠺ࡼ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᨾ㞀ࡋࡓᶵᲔࠖ ࠺࡞ࢩࣜࢫ࡞⪃ᐹࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡾࢃ ࡅࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࠾࠸࡚⯆῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢ 20ୡ⣖ࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿసᐙࡢ1ே࡛࠶ ࡿࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࡢࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ≀ ከࡃࡢసရࡀࠊࠕᶵᲔࠖࠕே㛫ࠖࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ ㄒ࠘㸦௨ୗࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘␎グ㸧(1)ࡣࠊࡑࡢࢱࢺ 㢟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࠋ ࣝࡀ♧ࡍ㏻ࡾࠊᏱᐂ㣕⾜ࣃࣟࢵࢺࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࢆ SF సᐙ࣒ࣞࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞㢟ࡀࠊࠗࢯࣛࣜࢫ࠘ 㸦 㸧ࠗኳࡢኌ࠘ 㸦 㸧࡞ ேබࡋࡓ 10 ࡢ୰▷⦅ࡽ࡞ࡿ㐃స▷⦅㞟࡛ Solaris 1961 Gãos Pana 1968 ࠶ࡿࠋேබ࡛࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣⱝ࠸カ⦎⏕ࡽࢫ ࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋࡓసရ ࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊࡸࡀ࡚࿘ᅖࡽᑛᩗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ ࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊ ࣃࣟࢵࢺᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࡶࠊᙼ ࡾࢃࡅࠊே㛫ࡣ᰿ᮏⓗ␗㉁࡞ࠕ⪅ࠖ┦ᑐ ࡀసရෆ࡛㐼㐝ࡍࡿ௳ࡶ」㞧ࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡋࡓࡢே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ຊࡸ⌮ࡢ㝈⏺ࢆᥥࡁฟࡍ ࣮ࣘࣔ࢘ࢵࢺ‶ࡕࡓᏱᐂෑ㝤㆓ࠊ࠸࠺ ࡇ࠶ࡗࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢ SF ㄽቭ Ⰽᙬࡢᙉ࠸᭱ึࡢᩘ⠍ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢసရ࡛ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᐃ␒ࡢ࣒ࣞཷᐜࡢࡉࢀ᪉࡛࠶ ‒ ‒ ࡗࡓࡋ(2)ࠊࡲࡓࡁ࡞␗ㄽࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ․‥ ଐӖྸ‒ ⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus”. ࡓ⌮ゎࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡛࠘ࡣࣟ “‣‒⁅⁚‒⁅⁙⁓⁓⁓‒ ᢿ‒ ࣎ࢵࢺࡸ AIࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᗈ࠸ព࡛ࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖ⯡ܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᨥ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 6
ࡀࡑࡢࠕ⪅ࠖ┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤣ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ ᮏ᮶ྜ⌮ⓗ࡛ࠊே㛫ࡗ࡚ࠕ㏱᫂ࠖ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ ࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊே㛫ࡽ ࡿࡣࡎࡢᶵᲔࡣࠊ㏫ㄝⓗࡶࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢάືࡽ ࡣ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ࠕ⪅ࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࣟ࣎ ࡣእࢀࡓࠕᨾ㞀ࠖࡸࠕືసࠖࡢ▐㛫࠾࠸࡚ ࢵࢺࡸᶵᲔ࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡣᑡࠎ≉Ṧࡔࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ ࡇࡑࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡑࡢ┿ࡢ␗㉁ᛶࠊே㛫ࡗ࡚ ே㛫ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ࠗࢯࣛ ࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࢆ㟢ࢃࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀே㛫ࡣࠊ ࣜࢫ࠘ࡢࠕᾏࠖࡸࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶࢇ࡞Ꮡᅾࡀ㏦ࡗ࡚ ࡑࢀࡽࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀே㛫ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡽࡣ᰿ᮏⓗ ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡍࡽࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠗኳࡢኌ࠘ࡢࠕ࣓ࢵ ␗㉁࡞ࠕ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㔜ࠎㄆ㆑ࡋࡘ ࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ࡞ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚ࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡸ AIࠊᶵᲔ ࡘࡶࠊ࡞࠾ࡑࡇே㛫୰ᚰ⩏ⓗ࡞㢪ᮃࡸ೫ぢࠊ ࡞ࡣே㛫ࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ᫂ᛌ࡞ពᅗࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡣࠕඹឤࠖࡸࠕྠࠖࢆࡍࡽᢪ࠸࡚ࡋ ศࡓࡕࡢᙺ❧ࡘࡼ࠺సࡗࡓࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ ࡲ࠺⏕ࡁ≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࡛࠘≉ၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡇࢁࡀࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘㘓ࡢྛసရࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ ࡿࡢࡣࠊᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸ࡗࡓே㛫ࡗ࡚ ࡿࠊࡑࢀࡽᮏ᮶ⓗࡣࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣇࣞࣥࢻ࣮ࣜ ࠕ㏆ࡋ࠸ࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶྠࠕ␗㉁ࠖ࡞ ࡛ࠊ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞ࡣࡎࡢᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㐩ࡀࠊᛴ Ꮡᅾࢆ࠸ࢃࡤ㙾ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࡽࠕே㛫ࠖ࠸࠺ ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࢆ㟢ࢃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ே㛫ࡀ ࡶࡢࢆ㏫↷ᑕࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸ ぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡢࡣࡃ␗㉁࡞┦ㇺࢆぢࡏࡿ▐ ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊᩥⱁᢈホᐙࡢ࣐࢘ࢦࢪࣕࢱ࣭ 㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᮏసရ㞟࡛ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ▐㛫ࡣࠊ ࢩࣗࣃࢥࣇࢫ࢝ࡣࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࡞ࡢ࣒ࣞࡀࣟ ከࡃࡢሙྜᶵᲔࡸࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢఱࡽࡢࠕලྜࠖ ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᢅࡗࡓ୍㐃ࡢసရࢆࠊ࣒ࣞࡢ୍㐃ࡢホㄽ ࡸࠕᨾ㞀ࠖࠊࠕືసࠖᙉࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ࡢࠕ⬻ࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ⪃ᐹࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ ࡔࠋࠗࣃࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࠘“Patrol”ࡸࠗ᮲௳ᑕ࠘“Odruch ⨨ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣒ࣞࡢ୍㐃ࡢホㄽࡢᙇࡼࢀ warunkowy”࡛ࡣࠊ᥈▱ᶵᲔࡢࣂࢢࡼࡗ࡚ࢫࢡ ࡤࠊࠕᶵᲔࠖࡣࠕព㆑ࠖࢆᣢࡕᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࡑ ࣮ࣜࣥୖ⌧ࢀࡓ㸦ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣᮏ᮶ఱࡢពࡶ࡞ ࢀ࡛ࡶࠊࠕ⪃࠼ࡿᶵᲔࠖࢆ୍✀ࡢᛮ⪃ᐇ㦂ࡋ࡚ ࠸㸧ගⅬࠊே㛫ࡢഃࡀᡭఱࡽࡢពࢆぢ ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ᣢࡕฟࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢃࢀ ฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ௳ ࢃࢀࡣே㛫ᛶࡢᮏ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞どⅬࢆᡭ ࡀᥥࢀࡿࠋே㛫ࡢ⬟ຊ࣭▱ຊࢆࡣࡿୖᅇࡿ ධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ(3)ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ၥࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠗᑂၥ࠘“Rozprawa”ࡢࣥࢻࣟ ࠕே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ᶵᲔࡣ〇సྍ⬟ࠖ ࢻࠊࣂ࣮ࣥࢬࡀ᭱ᚋ⮬ࡽ✰ࢆ᥀ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ ࠸ࡗࡓ⪃ᐹ࡛ࡣࡶࡣࡸ࡞ࡃ㸦࣒ࣞࡢ⪃ᐹࡼࢀࡤ ࡣࠊྜ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ࣥࢻࣟࢻࡗ࡚ࡣ ࡑࢀࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠊࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀᣢࡕ࠺ࡿ㸦ࣇ ࡃ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢே㛫ⓗ࡞ࠕࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࠖ ࢡࢩࣙࣥୖ࡛㸧ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕព㆑ࠖࢆே ࣂ࣮ࣥࢬࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࡔࡗࡓࠋ 㛫ࡢព㆑ᑐẚࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᚋ⪅ ࠗ㐠ࡢዪ⚄࠘“Ananke”ࡢᏱᐂ⯪⮬ື᧯⦪ࢥࣥ ࡢ≉␗ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡀ␗ᖖືసࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢࢥࣥ (4)ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᩥᏛ◊✲⪅ࡢ J.ࣖࢪ࢙ࣥ ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆࠕㄪᩍࠖࡋࡓࣃࣟࢵࢺࡢᙉ㏕⚄⤒ ࣈࢫ࢟ࡢᣦࡼࢀࡤࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀከࡃࡢ௳ࢆ ࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚⎍ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ ゎỴᑟࡃࡁά㌍ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࢺࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࠗᨾ࠘ ࠕᬑ㏻ࡢே㛫࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢᛮ⪃ࡀ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ “Wypadek” ࡸࠗ⊁ࡾ࠘“Polowanie”࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࡿ㠀ㄽ⌮ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᮏ⬟࡛ࠖࡶࡪࡁࡶ ᨾ㞀ࡼࡗ࡚ᭀ㉮࣭␗ᖖືసࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆௦⛉Ꮫࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ศᯒᛮ⪃ࡼࡗ࡚ ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊேබࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ୍✀ࡢࠕඹឤࠖࡸࠕ㐨 ≉ᚩࡅࡽࢀࡓᑓ㛛ᐙ▱㆑ࡸࡑࡇࡽ⏕ࡳฟࡉ ᚨⓗ࡞㈇࠸┠ࠖࡍࡽឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࢀࡓྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢᛮ⪃ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊே ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 7
㛫ࡢᛮ⪃ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓྜ⌮ⓗ࣭ศᯒⓗ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ ࡑࠊ࣒ࣞࡀࡘ࡚ࡑࡢసရ࡛ၥ࠺ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ே㛫ࡢ 㣕ࡧ㉺࠼ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞グ᠈ࡸ㐃࣭㢪ᮃࢆ ࠕ⮬ᡃࠖࡸࠕព㆑ࠖࠊࠕయᛶࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ᪥ࠎ ࡶ୍ぢࡤࡽࡤࡽࡢ㇟ࢆࡘ࡞ࡂ࠶ࢃࡏࠊ┤ឤ ၥ㢟ࡉࢀၥ࠸┤ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡽࡔࠋ ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ ࡶࡗࡶࠊᚋぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺ᮏసࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠗᑂุ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ⮬㌟ࡀ㏙ ࡣࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࣭⾲㠃ⓗࡣ≉ㆤࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠸ᅇࡋᚑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤࠊே㛫ࣥࢻࣟ ࠶ࡿࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ⚾ぢ࡛ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞࡢసရ ࢻࢆศࡅࡿࡢࡣࠊே㛫ࡢࠕࡉ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕḞ ࡀᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟㛵ᚰࡣࠊ㏆ᖺࡢㆤࠊ 㝗ࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㏫ㄝⓗࡶࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑࡀ ࡾࢃࡅࠕㄆ▱ㆤࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿࢡࢳࣗࣝ࡞ ே㛫ࢆே㛫ࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࠊே㛫⛉Ꮫⓗ࣭ ㆟ㄽᑐࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢ♧၀ࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ྜ⌮ⓗᡭ⥆ࡁࡣ␗࡞ࡿㄆ㆑ຊࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ࡿࠋ ࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(5)ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊㆤࡢᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㏆ᖺࡲࡍࡲࡍࡁ࡞ ẚ㔜ࢆ༨ࡵࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣝࢶࣁ࣐ 㸰㸬ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺㆤࠖ࠸࠺ၥ㢟⣔ ࣮࡞ࡢㄆ▱ࢆᝈࡗࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࡢㆤ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ࣭ᑓ㛛ⓗ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘࠸࠺సရ㞟ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞ ࡞་Ꮫ▱㆑ࡢほⅬࡽࡣ⬻ᶵ⬟㞀ᐖࢆ᮶ࡋࡓ ࡢࡢ௦⾲సࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ ࠕே࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ ᢅ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆே㛫ࡗ࡚␗㉁࡛࠶ࡿ ࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟࡞ࠕ⪅ࠖ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ ྠ㏆ࡋ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ࡋཱྀ㧗ᚿࡼࢀࡤࠊ㏆ᖺࡢㄆ▱ㆤࡢ⌧ሙ ࡢ୰࡛ᥥࡁฟࡍࡇ࡛ࠊࠕே㛫ᛶࠖ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕࠖࡋ࡚ㄆ▱ࢆᤊ ᮏ㉁㝈⏺ࢆၥ࠸┤ࡍࡇࢆ║ࡋࡓసရ㞟 ࠼ࡿࠕࣔࢹࣝࠖࡽࠊㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗ ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘㛵ࡍ ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠕ㛵ಀࣔࢹࣝࠖࡢ㌿ ࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࣔࢹࣝࡣ㏫ࠕ㛵 ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘ࡢ୰ࡢ 1 ⦅࡛࠶ࡿࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ ಀࣔࢹࣝࠖࡢࡶ࡛ࡣㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡣ୍ᐃࡢయᛶ “Terminus”ࢆ㞟୰ⓗㄽࡌࡓ࠸ࠋୖ࡛⤂ࡋࡓ ࢆᣢࡗࡓᏑᅾࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞⪅ ࡢㅖ▷⦅ྠᵝࠊࡇࡢࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡶࡲࡓࠊࣟ ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ㄆ▱ࡢ≧ࡢⓎ⌧ࡸኚࡶࡲࡓ ࣎ࢵࢺࡢືసࡑࢀࢆ๓ࡋࡓே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ ࿘ᅖࡢ⎔ቃࡸே㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉㛵ࡍࡿ≀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠶࠼ ࡢ୰࡛㉳ࡇࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡿ (6) ࠋ ࡚ࡇࡢ▷⦅≉╔┠ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡋࡋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊㆤ⪅ࡢഃࡽࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞࠸ࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡇࡢసရ࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡓࣟ࣎ ࡋ࡚๓ᥦࡉࢀࡓ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ ࢵࢺࡢࠕᶵ⬟ࠖࡀࠊࡲࡿ࡛ࡑࢀࡀㆤࢆᚲせ ࣥྍ⬟ᛶࠖࠕ⌮ゎྍ⬟ᛶࠖࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ୍࡛✀ࡢ ࡍࡿ⪁ேࡢ㌟య࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ㦫ࡃ ᨃไࠊࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⏕ࠎࡋ࠸㌟యᛶඹ❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡉࡲࡀㄞ ㆤ⪅ࡣࠊ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࠖࡸ ࡳྲྀࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢసရゐⓎࡉࢀࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ ࡑࡢኚࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀఱࢆពࡍࡿࡢࠊࡑࡇ ᮏ✏ࡣ≉ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࣒ࣞసရࡢㄞゎࡢ୰࡛ࡣ ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃ࡸయᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ 㸦⟶ぢ࡛ࡣ㸧ࡃゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠕ ࡢࢆㄞࡳゎࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ㆤ ㆤࠖࡸࠕࢣࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡢࡶ࡛ࡢ࣒ࣞస ⪅ࡼࡿ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ゎ㔘࣭᥎ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡶ ရࡢㄞࡳ┤ࡋࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ⌧௦♫࠾ ࢃࡽࡎࡑࡇ࡛ㆤ⪅ࡀ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢ㛫ࠕ⌮ゎ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡉࡇࢀࡽࡢ㌟㏆࡛࠶ࡾࡘࡲࡍࡲࡍ ྍ⬟ᛶࠖࢆᢸಖ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡇྜ⌮ⓗ࡛㏱᫂ ࡑࡢ㔜せࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡇ ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣูࡢᙧࡢࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ㠀ྜ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 8
⌮ⓗ࡛┤ឤⓗ࡞ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᖖ▱ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ ࡀẼࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᅇ㊰ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ⩝ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ᭱ึࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ๓ጼࢆ⌧ࡍ ⨾ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ࠾ࡅࡿヲ⣽࡞ ࠊࡲࡎ༳㇟ṧࡿࡢࡣᙼࡢወጁ࡞ࠕே㛫⮯ࡉࠖ ほᐹࡽㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏱᐂ⯪ࡢ࡞ࡲࡂࢀࡇࢇࡔ㯮⊧ࡣఱᨾ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠕ᪥ᖖ⏕άୡ⏺ࠖ࠸࠺ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡼࡃࡁࠊᙼࡢ⫪Ⓩࡗ࡚ᗙࡗࡓ ࢆㆤ⪅⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛⤯࠼ࡎᵓ⠏ࡋ⥆ࡅ ࡾࡍࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᙜࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ⮬㌟ࡣ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢࡋࡄࡉࡸ୍ᣲᡭ୍ᢞ㊊ࡣࠊࡲࡿ࡛⪄ ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸(7)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊㄆ▱ ◿ࡋࠊయࡢ⮬⏤ࡀࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⪁ே࡛࠶ࡿࡢ ㆤࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡣࠊᑓ㛛ᐙⓗ࣭་Ꮫⓗ▱ࡢࣃࣛ ࡼ࠺ᥥࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢲ࣒࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ⌮ゎ⬟ࠖࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ⪅ࢆࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᡃࠎࡀ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅࠕ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ ࠕࡑࡇ࠸ࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛ࡍࠖṍࢇࡔࠊࡲࡿ࡛ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖࡢࡣఱᨾ࡞ࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௬⌮ゎ࡛ 㕲ࡢࣃࣉࡽฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡀゝ ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ┦ᡭࡢᏑᅾࢆཷᐜࡍࡿ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡣ ࡗࡓࠋࠕࡇࡕࡽࡣࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡕࡽࡣㄡ ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡞ࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࠊࡲࡉ࣒ࣞ ࡛ࡍࠖ ࡀࡑࡢసရ࠾࠸࡚ၥ࠺࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟⣔ ࠕࡑࡇ࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚ࡿࢇࡔࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣᑜࡡࡓࠋ ᥋⥆ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡕࡽࢸ̺࣑ࣝࢾࢫ̿⚾ࡣ̿ᐮ̺࠸̿ࡼࡃ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬࡽࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ ̿ぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠖࡋࡷࡀࢀኌࡀࡘࡗ࠼ࡘࡗ࠼ ࢆࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ㌟యࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿㆤࡢ ゝࡗࡓࠋ ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ࡞࠾ࡍࡇࢆヨ ࠕཎᏊ⅔ࢆぢᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ ࡳࡿࠋࡑࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕ⮬⏤࡞ࠖ㌟ ᑜࡡࡓࠋᙼࡣࠊ⯪యྠᵝࡘࡂࡣࡂࡔࡽ యࡀࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫᑐࡋ࡚↓どࡍࡿࡇ ࡅࡢࡇࡢ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡽఱࢆ⪺ࡁฟࡏࡿ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤᙉไຊࢆᣢ ࡣࡶ࠺ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࠋᮏ᮶ࠊ↓ᶵⓗ࡛ឤ ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ⊧ࡢ⥳Ⰽࡢ╎ࢆ๓ࡍࡿࠊ ୰❧ⓗ࡞ࠕྜ⌮ⓗ㌟యࠖࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿࡇࡀᮇ ゝⴥࢆ༙ศࡋゝࢃࡎ❧ࡕཤࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ ᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀࠊ࡞ࡐᨾ㞀ࡢ㝿ࡇࢀ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕ࠎࡋ࠸㌟యᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ே㛫ࡢ║๓ ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ̿ཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠖࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺᅖ ㏕ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡲࢀࡓዟࡽࡃࡄࡶࡗࡓኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓࠋࠕ⚾̿ ࠊ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟యࡽࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠋཎᏊ⅔ࢆࠖࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣࡲࡿ࡛࠺ ࠊࠊࠊ ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡍࡢࢁࡢࡼ࠺࡞‶㊊ࡆ࡞ኌ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓࠋ 㸦͐͐㸧 㸱 ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࡢ ࠕࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ㸟ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࡲࡿ࡛ࡕࡻ࠺ ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶ ⪥ࡢ㐲࠸ேヰࡋࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ྉ ࢇࡔࠋࠕᣢࡕሙᡠࡿࢇࡔ㸟ࠖ ࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡣࠊேබࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ㦵ⴷရᑍ ࠕࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢸ̺࣑ࣝࢾࢫࠖ(8) ๓ࡢ࢜ࣥ࣎ࣟᏱᐂ⯪ࠕ㟷࠸ᫍࠖࡢ⯪㛗ࡋ࡚ึฟ
ࡍࡿࡇࢁࡽጞࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢ⯪ࡢ୰࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ ࡇࡇ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫヰࡋࡅࡿࡢ ࡣࠊ⯪ࡢᒓရ࡛࠶ࡿ࢜ࣥ࣎ࣟࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠊࢸࣝ ࡀ↓㥏࡞ࡇࡔ▱ࡾࡘࡘࡶࠊఱᨾᙼࠊࡋ ࣑ࢾࢫฟ࠺ࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ࣎ࣟࡉຍῶ㎢᫆ ࡶࡲࡿ࡛ࠕ⪥ࡢ㐲࠸ேヰࡋࡅࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࠖ ࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣᚎࠎࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࡇ ヰࡋࡅࡿࡢࢆࡸࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 9
ࡢࠊ༙ࡤᨾ㞀ࡋࡓࠕ⮬⏤࡞ࠖ㌟యࠊࠕ࠺ࡍࡢࢁࠖ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡣࠊࡲࡉࡑࢀࡀ⮬⏤࡞㌟య࡛࠶ࡿ ࡲࡿ࡛ぢ࠼࡞࠸ᩛᡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࡀᨾࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫᑐࡋ࡚↓どࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟ ᙼࡢᡭࡢᡴᧁࡣ⣲᪩ࡗࡓࠋ(10) ࡞࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ▱ࡗࡓࡇࢁࡼࡿࠊ ࡋࡋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᡭࡉࡤࡁࡢᕦࡳ ᐇࡣࡇࡢᏱᐂ⯪ࡣඖࠎࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕ࠸࠺ྡ ࡉࡢ୰ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆぢࡿ⪅ࡢ୰࠶ࡿ✀ࡢྜྷ࡞ ๓࡛ࠊ19 ᖺ๓᭷ྡ࡞㝹▼⾪✺ᨾࡼࡗ࡚ ணឤࢆᥙࡁ❧࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡕࡻ ◚ࡋࠊ16 ᖺࡶࡢ㛫⾜᪉᫂࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ ࠺ࠊㄆ▱ࡉࢀࡓ⪁ேࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢసᴗ ࠸ࢃࡃࡘࡁࡢ⯪ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊ19 ࡸ≉ᐃࡢ⪅ࡢヰ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㦫ࡃࡢṇ ᖺ๓ࡢᨾࡢ၏୍ࡢࠕ⏕㑏⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᖖࡉࡸᕦࡳࡉࢆⓎࡍࡿࡢࢆぢ࡚ࠊࡣࡗࡉࡏࡽ ࠶ࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀወጁ࡞ືసࢆࡋ ࢀࡿࡁࡢࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࠕྜྷࡉࠖࡣࠊࢸ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ⭎ࡀసᴗྠ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕᡴ ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࢭ࣓ࣥࢺࢆቨ྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿືసࢆ ࡕ⥆ࡅࡿࠊ᩿ᮎ㨱ࡢᝒ㬆ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡢ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡑࡢᡴᧁ㡢ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡶ ᙧࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ⪥㡪ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ ࡅຍ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢࠕၥ㢟⾜ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ19 ᖺ๓ࡢࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕࢆく ືࠖࢆࡃ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡑࢀ ࡗࡓᨾࡢ㝿⏕Ꮡ⪅㐩ࡀࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣔࣝ ࢆ⮬ࡽྰㄆࡍࡿ㸦ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡔࡅࠖ㸧 ࢫಙྕࢆ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ⏕Ꮡ⪅㐩ࡀṚࡠ㛫 ࠸࠺Ⅼࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾㄆ▱ࡢึᮇ≧ࢆᙉࡃ㐃 㝿ࡲ࡛㏦ࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡀࠊ࠺࠸࠺ ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡣࣆࣝࢡࢫ ࢃࡅࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㢌⬻ࡢ୰ ࡗ࡚ࠊࡲࡿ࡛ㆤࢆᚲせࡍࡿ⪁࠸ࡓࠕࡲࡲ グ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡋ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸⌧㇟ ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ㌟యࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣុ↛ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢグ㏙ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࡇࡇ࡛࠸ࡃࡘ☜ ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕປ ࠕ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ͐ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡔ㸽ࠖࣆࣝࢡࢫ ാࡍࡿᶵᲔࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡣࠊ࠶ࡃ ࡣゝࡗࡓࠋ ࡲ࡛ࡓࡔࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰ࠸࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋẖ 0.4 ࣞࣥ ືసࡀࠕ⪁࠸ࡓே㛫ࡢ㌟యࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ ࢺࢤࣥࡢ₃ࢀ࡛ࡍࠋసᴗࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ ❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠸࠺ࠕே 㸽ࠖ 㛫ࠖഃࡢほࡼࡿࡶࡢࡍࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࠋ ࠕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡌࡷ࡞࠸㸽ఱ ࡲࡓྠᵝࠊࠕྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠖ⾜ືࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢ ࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸽ࠖ ࡉࢀࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡋ࡚ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢࠕసᴗࠖࡢ ࠕ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࠖࡃྠࡌኌࡢࢺ࣮࡛ࣥࣟ࣎ ពࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰࡄࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ ࢵࢺࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࠊゝⴥࢆ㏉ࡋࡓࠋࠕࢃࡾࡲ ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿㝶ࡍࡿᡴᧁ㡢ࡢࣜࢬ࣒ ࡏࢇࠋసᴗࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ㸽ࠖ(9) ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕసᴗࠖ㝶ࡍࡿ༢࡞ࡿഅⓎⓗ࡛↓ព ࡞ࠕࣀࢬࠖ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ ࡇࡢࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ⯆῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࠕᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀ 㝿ࠊඛࡶ㏙ࡓ࠾ࡾࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ⮬㌟ࡣ⮬ศ ࢆሰࡄࠖసᴗࢆࡍࡿࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢືసࡀࠊࡉࡁ ࡢᡭࡢᡴᧁࡀࡘ࡚ࡢṚ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕ ࡢⓏሙࢩ࣮ࣥ࠾ࡅࡿࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ືసࡣᡴ ࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࠊࡃ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡔ ࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ⣲᪩ࡃࠊࣜࢬ࣑࢝ࣝࠊࡑ ࡽࠊࡑࡢࠕࣀࢬࠖࡀఱࡽࡢࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ ࡋ࡚ᕦࡳ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࡑࢀࡀṇ☜࡞࣮ࣔࣝ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 10
ࢫಙྕࢆᡴࡗ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾ༢࡞ࡿே㛫ഃ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘Ⓩሙࡍ ࡢほ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊே㛫ࡣᶵᲔ ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟యࢆࠊ⪁࠸࡚ㄆ▱ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓࠊࠕࡲ ࡢఱࡽࡢືసⰋࠊࣂࢢࠊᨾ㞀ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣀࢬ ࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟యඹ㏻ࡢ⤒㦂ࡢᇶ┙ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ ࡍࡽࠊఱࡽࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶࢆぢฟࡋࠊࡑࢀ ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㏉ࡍどⅬࢆᚓࡓࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ ᛂ࣭ᛂ⟅ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸⏕ࡁ≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ ࠺࡞ࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㌟యࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⾲ ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀయ⌧ࡍࡿࠕࡲ ㇟ࡣࠊSF ࠸࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣝ࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྲྀ ࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࠊࡲࡉࡑࢀࡀ୍ ࡾᢅ࠸࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡘ ษࡢឤࡸពᚿࢆࡂྲྀࡽࢀࡓࠕᶵᲔࠖࡀⓎࡍࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ୍࡛᪦࣒ࣞࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚ࠊࡑࡶ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡇࡑࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙษᐇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡶ SF ࡢṔྐ࠾࠸࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺㢟ࡀ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᶵᲔࡀࡓ࠼ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣲື ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࢆ ࡸⓎゝࢆࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࠊࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊ ࡈࡃ⡆༢ᴫほࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ ࡑࡢዟᗏ₯ࡴᐃࡉࢀࡿఱࡽࡢࠕே᱁ࠖࡸ ࡾࠊࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢥࡢ࣭࢝ࣞࣝ ࠕᑛཝࠖ࡞ࢆ୍ษ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡍࡿᚲせ࡞࡞࠸ࡣ ࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ 1920 ᖺࡢᡙ᭤ࠗR.U.R.࠘࠾࠸࡚ ࡎ࡞ࡢࡔࡽࠋࡑࢀࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ ࡇࡢゝⴥࡀึࡵ࡚ࢃࢀࡓࡇ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ ࢆ๓ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࡑࡢ㌟యࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀⓎࡍ ࡚ࡲࡓࡇࢀࡶࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢࣟ ࡿᙉⅯ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᛶᡴࡕࡢࡵࡉࢀࠊࡲࡈࡘࡁࠊ ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࣚࢮࣇࡀ⪃ ࡑࢀఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ᛂ⟅ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ ࠼ࡔࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢥㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࠕປാࠖࢆព ࡣࠊே㛫ࡀ⪅ࡢࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ㌟యࠊ⪁࠸ࡓࠊࠕࡲ ࡍࡿ robota ࠸࠺ㄒࡽࡢ㐃ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡔࡗ ࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㌟య┤㠃ࡍࡿ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿ㝿 ࡓࠋࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࠊே㛫 ࡢࠊ࠶ࡿཎึⓗ࣭ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡋ ᮏ᮶ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿே᱁ࡸឤ࠸ࡗࡓ㠀ྜ⌮ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᛶ࣭㠀⬟⋡ᛶࢆࡂྲྀࡽࢀࡓࠊ⣧⢋࡞ࠕປാࡍࡿ ➨☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࢸ࣑ࣝ ㌟యࠖࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡔࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(12) ࠋ ࢾࢫࡀࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡽእࡉࢀࡓ≧ែ࠶ ࠗR.U.R.࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡸࡀ࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺឤ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡀࡘ ࡀⱆ⏕࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡀ㉳ࡁࠊே㛫ࡣ ࡚ࡢࠕࢥࣜ࢜ࣛࣥࠖྕࡢ⏕Ꮡ⪅ࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡼࡗ࡚⁛ࡰࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡣỴࡋ ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࡣࠊࠕឡࠖ࠸࠺ឤࢆぬ࠼ࡓࣟ࣎ ࡚ㄆ㆑࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ែ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡘࡲࡾࠊࢸࣝ ࢵࢺࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ୡ௦ࡢࠕே㛫ࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠊ ࣑ࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢពࡅྍ⬟ࠊ ࠸࠺⤖ᮎࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢࢫ ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞ࠕグ᠈ࠖࢆෆໟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆ╔ࡋࡓࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢീຊࡀࠊᛴ㏿ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽゝ࠼ࡤ⮬ࡽࡢෆ㒊ไᚚྍ⬟࡞ Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡑࡇ࠾ࡅࡿປാ⪅ࡢ㐣 ᰿※ⓗࠕ⪅ᛶࠖࢆᢪ࠼㎸ࡳࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡍࡍࡶ 㓞࡞⏕άᐇែࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣟࢩ㠉ࡼࡿࢯ㐃ࡢ ࡞ࡃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♫Ꮫ⪅ࡢ ᡂ❧࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⤖ᐇࡋࡓ㈨ᮏᐙ㝵⣭ᑐࡍࡿປ ኳ⏣ᇛࡼࢀࡤࠊࡲࡉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡇࡑࡣ ാ⪅㝵⣭ࡢࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࠊᙜࡢୡ⏺ࢆືࡋ ࠕ⪁࠸⾶࠼ࡺࡃࠖ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡀෆໟࡍࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ ࡚࠸ࡓ♫ໃ῝ࡃᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ ᅔ㞴࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(11)ࠋ ࡣࠊᨵࡵ࡚ᣦࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋ ࡇࡇ࡛ᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢ╔ 㸲ປാࡍࡿᶵᲔ㸸6) ࠾ࡅࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓࠊᙜ㝯┒ࢆᴟࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ ປാ⪅ࡢࠕ㌟య㸻ᶵᲔࠖ ⩏࣭ࢸ࣮ࣛ⩏ᆺࡢ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡑࡇ࠾ࡅࡿ ປാ⟶⌮ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉⮬యࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ࡞ࡶࣇࢡ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 11
ࢩࣙࣥࢆᣢࡕฟࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊປാ⪅ࡢ㌟యࢆ యࢆ୍✀ࡢࠕᶵᲔࠖసࡾኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ⌮ ࠕᙺ❧ࡘࠖ㌟యࠊࠕྜ⌮ⓗ࡛ࠖࠕຠ⋡ⓗࠖ࡞ࠕᶵ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ࡽࡠ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࡑࡢ Ეࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌟యసࡾኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࣉ ேࡀࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ⩏࣭ࢸ࣮ࣛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⇕Ⅿ࡞ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ಙዊ⪅ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ⩏࣭ࢸ ᐇ㝿ࠊࣇࣞࢹࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢸ࣮ࣛࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ⟶⌮ἲࠖ ࣮ࣛ⩏ࡢ୰ࡽ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢࠕᦢྲྀⓗ࡞ࠖせ⣲ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊປാ⪅ࡢປാࡣࡑࡢ୍ᣲᡭ୍ᢞ㊊ ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ㐩ᡂࠖࡢࡳࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍࡇ ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ṇ☜ィ࡛ ࡽࢀࠊປാࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ ࡼࡗ࡚♫⩏ࡢⓎᒎᙺ❧ࡓࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ಶࠎࡢ༢⣧࡞ືసࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᯝ࡚ࡋ࡞ࡃ⣽ ࡁࡿಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊ1920 ᖺ௦ࡢࢯ㐃 ศࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ20 ୡ⣖࠸࠺௦ ࡛ࡣ㔞ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡢⓎὀࠊேᮦὴ㐵 ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ㔞ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡀࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ ࡞ࢆྵࡵࡓつᶍ࡞ࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ♫ࡢ༠ຊ࣭ὶ సࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ௦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࡢ⮬ఏࡀ࣋ࢫࢺ ࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࡢࠗR.U.R.࠘ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓປാ⪅㸻 ࢭ࣮ࣛ࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡽẸ⾗ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࡞㌟యࠊᚑ㡰࡞㌟యࡀࡸࡀ࡚ே ࡀ࣮ࣞࢽࣥ࡞୪ࡪࡢ⚄᱁ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡞ 㛫ᑐࡍࡿࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࠸࠺≀ㄒࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇ ࠊࠕࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࣭࢝ࣝࢺ࡛ࠖࡶࡪࡁ⌧㇟ࡀ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ປാ⪅㸻ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕᚑ㡰࡞ࠖ㌟యࡀ ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(14)ࠋ ࡸࡀ࡚ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᜍᛧࡣࠊ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ᛕࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓᐇ㊶㠃࠾ࡅࡿປ ࡑࡢᚋࡢⱥ⡿ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ SF ࡢ㐍ᒎࡶከ࡞ᙳ㡪 ാ⪅ࡢ⫗యࡢ⟶⌮࠸࠺ព࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1930 ࢆ࠼ࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢࢯ㐃࡛άⓎࡋࠊᡓᚋ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆࡣ ࢨࢵࢡ࣭ࢩࣔࣇࡢࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛ୕ཎ๎ࠖ㸦ࠕࣟ ࡌࡵࡋࡓᮾḢㅖᅜࡶἼཬࡋࡓࠕປാ➇தࠖ㐠 ࣎ࢵࢺࡣே㛫༴ᐖࢆຍ࠼࡚࡞ࡣࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࣟ࣎ ືࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺(15)ࠋປാࡢ⇕≬ⓗ࡞ཧຍປ ࢵࢺࡣே㛫࠶ࡓ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ௧᭹ᚑࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ ാࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢྜ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱⓒ㸣ࡶࡢ㦫␗ⓗ ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⮬ᕫࢆࡲࡶࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ ࡞ࠕࣀ࣐ࣝ㉸࠼ࠖࢆ࡞ࡋࡆࡓࡉࢀࡿᙜࡢࠕປ ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸧(13)ࡣࠊࡲࡉࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸻ປാ⪅ࠕᚑ ാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡣࠊࡑࡢ㌟యࡢ㡹ࡉࠊࡑࡋ࡚」ᩘ 㡰ࠖ࡞㌟యࡀࠕᚑ㡰ࠖ࡞ࡿࡢࢆண㜵ࡋࠊࡑࢀ ࡢᶵᲔࢆ୍ᗘ᧯సࡍࡿ࡞ࡢᚭᗏⓗ࡞సᴗຠ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡽᚑ㡰࡞㌟యࡢࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ ⋡ࡢྥୖ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࠕቯࢀࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ᶵᲔࠖ ᚭᗏࡋ࡚ᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢཎ๎ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࠕຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᶵᲔࠖࡋ࡚ࡢປാ⪅ࡢ⫗యࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ᮲ᩥ➃ⓗ⾲⌧ ࢆ᭱ࡶ➃ⓗ⾲⌧ࡍࡿᏑᅾࡔࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊປാࡍࡿ㌟యࡀ⟶⌮⪅ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ ࠺ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ SF సᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜࢆᮏ᱁ⓗ ᚑ㡰ᚑ࠸ࠊ⟶⌮⪅ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎࠊࡑࡋ ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᅵࢆ ࡚ࠊ⮬ẅࡸ⮬ᕫ◚ቯ࡞ࡢ㠀ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕࢧ࣎ࢱ࣮ ࠕ♫⩏ᘓタࠖࡢࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲࡀ㥑ࡅᕠࡾࠊࡇ ࢪࣗࠖࡼࡗ࡚⤒῭ᦆᐖࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ ࢀࡽ೧࡞ࠕປാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡢά㌍ࡀ᪂⪺ࡸࢽࣗ ୍✀ࡢ⏘ᴗⓗ࣮ࣘࢺࣆࡢጼࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ ࣮ࢫᫎ⏬ࠊᩥᏛ࡞࡛┒ࢇ⛠ᥭࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠊࡑ ࡿࠋ ࡢ㡬Ⅼᙜࡓࡿᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(16)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙜࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢ௦⫼ᬒࠊࡑࡋ 㸳♫⩏యไࠕᶵᲔࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࠖ ࡚࡞ࡽࡠ࣒ࣞ⮬㌟ࡀࡘ࡚♫⩏ࣜࣜࢬ ࣒ࡢリᏛࡢᙳ㡪ୗࡽࡑࡢ SF సᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕ ࡉ࡚ࠊヰࢆ࣒ࣞᡠࡑ࠺ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ⏕ࡁࡓ♫ ࣜࢆฟⓎࡉࡏࠊᚋࡑࢀࢆࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓ ⩏యไୗࡢᮾഃࣈࣟࢵࢡ࠾࠸࡚ࡶすഃྠ ࠸࠺⤒⦋ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ᥥ ᵝ㸦࠸࠺ࡼࡾすഃࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚㸧ࠊປാ⪅ࡢ㌟ ࢀࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࠕ⪄◿ࡋࡓࠖ㌟యࠊࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 12
㌟యࡀⓎࡍࡿ㠀ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖࢆࠊࡇ࠺ ࡉࡽ⥆ࡃࠋᙼࡣࠊ⯪ෆ࡛㣫⫱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢿࢬ࣑ ࡋࡓࡘ࡚ࡢ♫⩏ࣜࣜࢬ࣒࠾ࡅࡿࠕྜ⌮ Ỉࢆࡸࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ⯪ᐊࢆ࠺ࢁ࠺ࢁṌࡁࡲࢃࡗ ⓗ࡞㌟య㸻ᶵᲔࠖࡢ୍✀ࡢࣥࢳࢸ࣮ࢮࡋ࡚ゎ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࢆࣆࣝࢡࢫ┠ᧁࡉࢀࡿࠋࠕỈࡣ 㔘ࡋࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡃࡢⓗእࢀ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡇࡔࠖ⪺ࡃࣆࣝࢡࢫࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠕࢃ̺ࡍࢀ ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊඛ⤂ࡋࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ ࡲࡋࡓࠖ⟅࠼ࠊࡑࡢኌࡢ࠶ࡲࡾࡢࠕ↓㜵ഛࡉࠖ ࢾࢫࡀᨺᑕ⬟₃ࢀࢆሰࡄసᴗࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࡢࢭ࣓ࣥ ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ࿈↛ࡍࡿ(18)ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࡲࡓࠊࢸ ࢺࢆᡭ࡛ᥒࡗ࡚ቨ྇ࡁࡘࡅࡿ࠸࠺ືసࡢᥥ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀᐇ㝿ࢿࢬ࣑ࡢୡヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡣࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡢࠕປാ➇தࠖ┒ࡢ࣏࣮ ࢁࡶࡇࡗࡑࡾなࡁぢࡍࡿࠋ ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ປാ⪅ࡢࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞⫋ᴗࠊ ࠼ࡤࠕⅣ㖔ኵࠖࠕᶵ㛵ኈࠖࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࣞࣥ࢞✚ࡳ ࢞ࣛࢫ㉺ࡋࠊởࢀࡓ✵ࡢࢣ࣮ࢪࡢᗏࡀぢ࠼ࠊ ᕤࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ⫋ᴗ≉᭷ࡢⓗືసወጁఝ ࡉࡽ࣮࣡ࣖࢿࢵࢺ㉺ࡋࡢࠊࡇ㧗࠸ ㏻ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᡃࠎࡢ๓❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡋࠊ ࡇࢁ࠶ࡿᑕᯈࡁࣛࢺࡼࡗ࡚↷ࡽࡉ ࡲࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀാࡃᏱᐂ⯪ࡢᥥ㸦⯪㤳ࡽ ࢀࡓ㒊ᒇࡢዟࡣࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢỈ࡛ࡧࡋࡻࡠ ⯪ᑿࡢཎᏊ⅔⮳ࡿࠕ❧ᆙࠖ㸧ࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺Ⅳ ࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ⫼୰ࡀぢ࠼ࡓࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ✵୰ 㖔ኵࡀാࡃ㖔ᒣࡢᆙ㐨ࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࠼࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠸ ࡰỈᖹᾋࡁࠊ୧ᡭࢆࡢࢁࡢࢁືࡋ࡚ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࡇࢀࡽ 1950 ࠸ࡓࠋᙼࡢ⏥ැࡢࡑࡇࡽࡌࡹ࠺ࢆⓑ࠸ࢿࢬ࣑ ᖺ௦ࡢࠕປാⱥ㞝ࠖࡓࡕࡢ࠸ࢃࡤᘵ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡀ㏺࠸ࡎࡾࡲࢃࡗ࠸ࡓࠋࢿࢬ࣑ࡓࡕࡣࠊࢸࣝ ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࡢປാⱥ㞝ࡓࡕ ࣑ࢾࢫࡢ㔠ᒓࡢ⭎ᙜ࡚ࡸ⬚Ẇࡢୖࢆ㏿㊊࡛㥑 ࡢ㌟యࡀࠊ⌧ᐇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡃᚑ㡰࡞㌟య࡛ࡶ ࡅࡎࡾᅇࡾࠊࡁ࡞Ỉࡀ⁀ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⭡㒊 ⎍࡞ᶵᲔ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ(17)ࡢࡃྠᵝࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ ࡢయ⠇ࡢ❑ࡳ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ࡣỈࢆ⯍ࡵࡿࠊࢪ ࢾࢫࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠࠖ㌟యࡶࡲࡓࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠕປ ࣕࣥࣉࡋ࡚✵୰㣕ࡧ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢸࣝ ാࡍࡿᶵᲔࠖ࠸࠺ࡑࡢᮏ᮶ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ㋃ࡳ㉺࠼ ࣑ࢾࢫࡀࡘࡲ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࢿࢬ࣑ࡓࡕ ࡓࠊྍゎࡉ㠀ྜ⌮ᛶࢆල࠼ࡓᏑᅾࡋ࡚ᡃࠎ ࡣᙼࡢ㕲ࡢᣦࡢ㛫ࢆࡍࡤࡸࡃ㏨ࢀࠊࡑࡢᑼᑿ ࡢ๓❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀࡲࡿ࡛၈ⲡᶍᵝࡢࡼ࠺ࢆᥥࡃࡢࡔࡗࡓ ̿̿ࡑࡢගᬒࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ⌋ጁ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ 㸴⪅ࢆࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ዎᶵ ✍ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ྿ࡁฟࡋࡑ࠺࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ(19) ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘Ⓩሙࡍࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ
㌟యࡣࠊ㏆௦ⓗ࡞⟶⌮ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀせㄳࡋࡓྜ⌮ ࡉࡽࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⊧ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ ⓗືసࡍࡿࠕປാࡍࡿᶵᲔ࡛ࠖࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡋ࡚ ࡿࡇࢁฟࡃࢃࡋᅔᝨࡍࡿࠋ ࡸ⮬ᚊᛶࢆ᭷ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞ࠕ㏆
௦ⓗಶே࡛ࠖࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㏻ᖖࡢ⌮ゎྍ⬟ᛶ ࠕ⊧ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ ࡽእࢀࡓሙᡤࡑࡢጼࢆ⾲ࢃࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࢸ ࡓࠋ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊࡼࡾ┤᥋ⓗ࡛㌟యⓗ࡞⌧๓ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠕ࡞ࢇࡢࡓࡵ㸟㸽ࠖ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣປാࡢ㝿ࡢືసࡀ㝶ⓗ⏕ࡳฟࡍ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ㔠ᒓ࡛࡛ࡁࡓ᙮ീࡢࡼ࠺ᅛࡲ ྍゎ࡞ࣀࢬ㸻࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࡢࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ ࡗ࡚ື࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫാࡁࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠖᙼࡀᑠࡉ࡞ኌ࡛⟅࠼ࡓࡢ ࡉ࡚ࠊヰࢆࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡢࡑࡢᚋࡢࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ ࡛ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ⊋⊌ࡋࡓࠋ(20) ࣮ᡠࡑ࠺ࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᑂ࡞ࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࠖࡣ
ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 13
ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ௬ࡇࢀࡀ࣒ࣞࡼࡗ࡚᭩ ࢆ୍ษ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡇࡑࠊ ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ㏻ⓗ࡞ SF ࡞ࡋࡤ ㏫ㄝⓗࡶே㛫ࡀ┠ࡢ๓Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠕ⪅ࠖྥ ࡋࡤぢࡽࢀࡿࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤࡀⱆ ࡁྜ࠺㝿ࡢཎึⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ ⏕࠼ࡓࠖࡇࢆ⾲ࡍࢩ࣮ࣥࡢࡼ࠺ㄞࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࠸ ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛࣒ࣞࡀᥥࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀࡃ␗࡞ࡿࠊ┦⌮ゎࡢవᆅ ࡢࡣࡼࡶࡸࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢼ࣮ࣈ࡞≀ㄒ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ ࡞୍ษ࡞࠸࡞ࡿࠕ⪅ࠖྠኈࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ ࡲ࠸(21)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚ࡶ౫↛ࡋ࡚ࠊࢸ ఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛㌟యⓗ࣭✵㛫ⓗ࡞ࠕゐࢀྜ࠸ࠖࢆ⾜ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣ⮬ࡽࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡍࡽࡃ⌮ゎࡋ ࠸࠺ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᚋఱࡽࡢࠕឤࠖ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡓࡔࡢ⪁ᮙࡋࡓࠕᶵᲔ࡛ࠖࡋ࡞࠸ ࡸࠕே᱁ࠖࠊࠕᚰࡢὶࠖ࡞ࢃࡊࢃࡊᐃࡍࡿࡲ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㛫ఱࡢ┦ ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛᪤ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞ࠕࢃࡾ࠶࠸ࠖࠊ ゎࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾ ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾࢆࡑࢀ࡛ࡶఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ࠕཷࡅ ࢫࢿࢬ࣑ࡢ㛫ࡶ┦⌮ゎࡢవᆅ࡞୍ษᏑ ධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡢཎึⓗ࡞ዎᶵࢆࡑࡢෆᏎ ᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ↓ ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢿ 㔜ຊࡢ୰࡛ࢿࢬ࣑ᡙࢀࡿࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࢃ ࢬ࣑ࡢ㛫ࡢࠕゐࢀྜ࠸ࠖࠊࡑࢀࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࣆ ࡅࡑࡢወጁ࡞⨾ࡋࡉ࡛ㄞࡴ⪅ࡢ⬚ࢆᡴࡘࠋࡑࡋ ࣝࢡࢫࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢឤືⓗࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡼ ࡚ࠊࡑࡢගᬒࢆぢࡘࡵࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡶࡲࡓࠊࢸ࣑ࣝ ࠺࡞Ẽᣢࡕࢆㄞࡴ⪅ࡢෆࡼࡧ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ ࢾࢫᑐࡍࡿࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᅔᝨࢆࡋࡤࡋᛀࢀࠊᛮࢃ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢ⌮ゎ ࡎࠕ྿ࡁฟࡋࡑ࠺ࠖ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥ ཷᐜࡢ≀ㄒࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗኻᩋ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ ࠾ࡅࡿࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊ⌮ゎ⬟࡞ྍゎ࡞⪅ࡢ ≀ㄒࡢ⤊┙ࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ᩿ᮎ㨱ࢆグ ࡩࡿࡲ࠸ࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅࠕཷ 㘓ࡋࡓ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙྕࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕࡘ࠸ ࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺࠶ࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞⤒㦂㸦ࢃࡎ ᡃ៏ฟ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ࣮ࣔࣝࢫಙ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸧୍Ṍ㋃ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྕࢆᡴࡗ࡚ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕヰࠖ J. ࣖࢪ࢙ࣥࣈࢫ࢟ࡣࠊ࣒ࣞసရ࠾࠸࡚ே㛫 ධࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊࡑࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ㏦ࡗ ࡀࠕ⪅ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆ᭱⤊ⓗཷࡅධࢀࡿ㝿ࠊࡋࡤ ࡓಙྕࠊ࡞ࢇࠕṚ⪅ࠖࡽࡢࠕ㏉ࠖࡀ㏉ࡗ ࡋࡤࠕ⨾ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࠖࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕேබࡀ⌮ゎྍ⬟ ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣុ↛ࡍࡿࡀࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ ࡞⪅ࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ࠕ⨾ࠖࢆឤࡌࡿ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡕࡻ࠺ே㛫ࡀேࢆክぢ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡀࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕཷࡅධࢀࠖࡢዎᶵ࡞ࡗ࡚ ே≀ክࡢ୰࡛ヰࢆࡍࡿࡢྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࢸࣝ ࠸ࡿࠊ࠸࠺㔜せ࡞ᣦࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(22)ࠋࡇࡢᣦ ࣑ࢾࢫࡢ㟁Ꮚ㢌⬻ࡢ୰ఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛Ṛ⪅ࡓࡕ ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊࡇࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢿࢬ࣑ࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ ࡢࠕᨃఝಶᛶࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ ࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕཷࡅ ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࠋࠕṚ⪅ࠖࡓࡕࡢࠕ ධࢀࡿࠖࡇ᭱ࡶ㏆࡙࠸ࡓ▐㛫ࡔࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿ ヰࠖࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊᙼࡽࡢṚࡢ≧ἣ㛵ࡍࡿ┿ᐇࢆ᫂ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡗࡶḟ❶࡛ぢࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ࡽࡍࡁࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣⱞᝎࡍࡿࠋ ᭱⤊ⓗࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࢆཷࡅධ ࢀࡿࡇኻᩋࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔࡀࠋ ᙼࡽ࡞ࢇ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸ࡢࡔ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡣ᪤ Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡛ࡶ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡣ༢࡞ࡿᨃ 㸵ࡴࡍࡧ㸸ࠕㆤࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿᕼᮃ⤯ᮃ ఝಶᛶ࡛ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⬻ࡢ୰ࡢᏙ❧ࡋࡓᓥࠊ㟁Ꮚ⬻ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘࠾ࡅ ࡀぢࡿᗁࡑࡢ②ᨥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ ࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀேᕤⓗసࡽࢀ ࡢࡔ࡛ࡶ㸽ྩࡓࡕࡢᜍᛧࡣ༢࡞ࡿᜍᛧࡢᶍ ࡓᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࡑࡢࠕே᱁ࠖࡸࠕᑛཝࠖ ೌ㐣ࡂࡎࠊࡲࡓẖኪ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿྩࡓࡕࡢ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 14
᩿ᮎ㨱ࡢⱞࡋࡳࡣࠊ᧿ࡾษࢀࡓࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ┙ ᢠࡋ⻏㉳ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࢦ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ⚄ヰᛮ࠸ ࡢពࡋᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ㸽ᙼࡣࡲࡔࠊ ࢆ㥅ࡏࡓࠋࡑࡢ⚄ヰࡣࠊ࡚ࡢ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ ⮬ศࡢ㉁ၥࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࡢࡒࡗ ࡁே㛫ࡓࡕࡀࠊࡑࡢ㈐௵ࢆᨺᲠ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᡴᧁࡢ⃭Ⓨࢆ㸦͐͐㸧ぬ࠼࡚࠸ ⪃࠼ࡔࡋࡓბ࡞ࡢࡔࠊࠋ㸦25㸧 ࡓࠋ ᙼࡽࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ㸽࡛ࡣᙼࢆࢇ ࡇࡇࠊㆤ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࢆࡵࡄࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ᅔ㞴ࠊ ࡔࡢࡣࠊᙼຓࡅࢆồࡵࡓࡢࡣㄡࡔࡗࡓࡢ ኳ⏣ᇛࡀゝ࠺ࡇࢁࡢࠊㆤ࠸࠺⤒㦂ෆᅾ ࡔ㸽ࡑࡋ࡚ࡶࡋ௬ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡓࡕࡀ࠶ࡢྉࡧ ࡍࡿ᰿※ⓗ࡞ࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋኳ⏣ᇛࡣࠊ ࡣ㟁Ⲵࡢ ࠊ㔠ᒓᯈࡢ㡪ࡼࡗ࡚ࡧ㉳ ㆤ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡘࡢࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡀᏑ ࡇࡉࢀࡓື࡛ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡔゝࡗࡓࡋ࡚ ᅾࡍࡿᣦࡍࡿࠋࡦࡘࡵࡣࠊ➨ 3 ❶ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀ࠺ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡢࡔ㸽(23) ࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊㄆ▱ࢆᝈࡗࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࡀࠊ⮬ศ ⮬㌟ࢆ᰿※ⓗ࡞⪅ᛶࡋ࡚⤒㦂ࡋࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢࡇ ⓶⫗࡞ࡇࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠸࠺ ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ࡽ⮬㌟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ㌟ ࠕ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡛ࠖࠕྍゎࠖ࡞㌟యࡢዟᗏࠊ ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ⤒㦂ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ ᨾࡢ⏕Ꮡ⪅ࡢࠕᨃఝே᱁ࠖ࠸࠺ࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ ࠸࠺ࠊࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕ᰿※ⓗᭀຊᛶࠖ ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟࡞ࠖᏑᅾࢆぢฟࡋࡓ▐㛫ࠊᙼࡗ࡚ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡩࡓࡘࡵࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽ ࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢᏑᅾࡣ⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡢⱞ③ᭀຊ ࢆㄒࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㧗㱋⪅ࡀㆤࢆࠕཷࡅࡿࠖ ᛶࢆకࡗ࡚㏕ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ ࠸࠺⤒㦂㝶ࡍࡿᭀຊᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㧗㱋⪅ ⤖ᯝࠊ≀ㄒࡢ⤖ᮎ࡛ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡣࠊࢸ ࡢ࿘ᅖࡢே㛫ࡀࠊࠕ⮬ࡽࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ㑂 ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢆ༢࡞ࡿࠕቯࢀࡓᶵᲔࠖࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡇࠊ Ᏺࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ⤒㦂ࡋࡓฟ᮶ࢆ᪤Ꮡࡢ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ┱୍ࡘືࡉࡎࠖᗫᲠฎศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ ࠑ⾲㇟ࠒᅇࡋᑾࡃࡑ࠺ࡍࡿຊࢆ㧗㱋⪅ ࠺ࡇࡔࡅࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(24)ࠋ ⾜ࠖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡼࡿᭀຊᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ぢ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢⱞᝎࡶࡲࡓࠊ ㆤ⪅ࡀ㧗㱋⪅ࠕᭀຊⓗࠖാࡁࡅࠊ㧗㱋⪅ ࡇࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶ⤖ᒁࡣᙼࡢ⊂ࡾ┦᧞㐣ࡂ࡞ ࡀࡑࡢࠕᭀຊࠖࢆࡦࡁ࠺ࡅࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ ࠸ࠋࣆࣝࢡࢫ⮬㌟ࡶゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࠕᑓ㛛ᐙࠖ ࡘࠕࢣࠖ࠸࠺ႠࡳࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᏎࡴᭀຊᛶ࡛࠶ ࡽぢࢀࡤࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ㏦ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ ࡿ(26)ࠋࡇࡢኳ⏣ࡀ㏙ࡿࠕᭀຊᛶࠖࡣࠊୖ࡛ᘬ ࡣ༢࡞ࡿᨾ㞀㸻㞀ᐖ㐣ࡂࡎࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠕ᧿ࡾษ ⏝ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢゝⴥࢆࡾ࡚ゝ࠸┤ࡍࡍࢀ ࢀࡓࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ┙ࠖࡢពࡋᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡤࠊࡲࡉㆤࡢሙ࠾࠸࡚ㆤ⪅ࡀㆤࡉࢀࡿ ࡋࡋࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊࡑࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ㏦ࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ ㌟యࢆࠕ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ≬Ẽࡢཧຍ⪅ࠖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ࣮ࢪࠊࡑࡇྵࡲࢀࡓṚ⪅ࡓࡕࡢྉࡧࡣࠊࣆࣝࢡ ࡼ࠺࡞༴㝤ᛶ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࢫࢆ⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡢⱞᝎᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢸ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜࠸ࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࡞࠸ࡔࡅࠊࣆ ࡔࡽࠊࠗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠘ࡣࠊㆤࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕᕼ ࣝࢡࢫࡗ࡚వィ⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ ᮃࠖࡢ≀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿྠㆤࡢࠕኻᩋࠖ㛵ࡍ ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿ≀ㄒ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟యࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࣭㌟ యⓗ࡞ࠕࡧࡅࠖࢆకࡗ࡚ࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢ๓❧ࡕ ࠝࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣࠞᶵᲔ⨥ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡓࠋ ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡣ┦ᡭࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕ⌮ゎࡣ ே㛫ࡀᶵᲔࡶࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ࠼࡚ࠊࡑ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡅࢀࡶཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ቃᆅࠊ ࢀࡼࡗ࡚ᶵᲔࢆ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ≬Ẽࡢཧຍ⪅ ඛゝཬࡋࡓኳ⏣ࡢゝⴥ㐵࠸ࢆ⏝ࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋࡲࡓᙼࡣࠊே㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ ࠼ࡤࠊ⪅ࡽࡢࠕࡧࡅࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 15
ࢀࡿࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢࠕ⬺⮻ࠖࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡉ ➹⪅ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦2㸧᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ࣒ࣞཷᐜࡢ࠶ࡾࡓࡢᴫほࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ (27) ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ඹྠᛶ 㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡗ ࠼ࡤࠗSF ࣐࢞ࢪࣥ࠘2006 ᖺ 8 ᭶ྕ㸦ࢫࢱࢽࢫ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡦࡓࡧࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡢ㌟ ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞ㏣≉㞟ྕ㸧㘓ࡢྛㄽ⪃ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 㸦3㸧Maãgorzata Szpakowska, Dyskusje ze యࡀⓎࡍࡿࠕ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖࡢ୰ఱࡽࡢࠕࢥ࣑ Stanisãawem Lemem, Warszawa: Open, 1996: 103. ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྍ⬟ࠖ࡞ࠕே᱁ࠖࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊࡑ 㸦4㸧ibid., 93. ࢀࡢᭀຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡸ 㸦5㸧Jerzy Jarzčbski, “Pirx i sekrety czãowieczeęstwa (posãowie),” Stanisãaw Lem, ྰࡸࠊࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣᙼࡗ࡚⪏࠼㞴࠸ⱞᝎࢆࡶ OpowieĤci o pilocie Pirxie, Kraków: ࡓࡽࡍᏑᅾࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2000: 443-448. 㸦6㸧ཱྀ㧗ᚿࠊࠗㄆ▱ᐙ᪘ㆤࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ̿̿᪂ࡋ࠸ ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀ⪅ࡢㆤࢆᚲせࡍࡿ㌟య┤㠃ࡋ ㄆ▱ࢣ௦ࡢ⮫ᗋ♫Ꮫ࠘ࠊᮾಙᇽࠊ2007 ᖺࠋ 㸦7㸧⩝⨾ࠊࠕㄆ▱ᝈ⪅ࡢࠗ┦ゎୡ⏺࠘ࡢࠗᵓ ࡓ㝿ࡢࡦࡘࡢ㝼㊰ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣆࣝࢡࢫࡀ ⠏࠘̿̿S ㆤ⪁ேಖタ࠾ࡅࡿࠗ᪥ᖖ⏕ά ᭱⤊ⓗࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࢆ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕቯࢀࡓᶵᲔࠖ ୡ⏺࠘ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᐇ㊶ࠖࠊࠗࢯࢩ࢜ࣟࢪ࠘54(3)ࠊ 37-54 㡫ࠊ2010 ᖺࠋ ࡋ࡚ᗫᲠฎศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤࡼࡗࡓࡢࡣ␗ 㸦8㸧OPP: 94-96; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 155-157 㡫ࠋ ࡞ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿ⿕ㆤ⪅ࡢࠕᨾ 㸦9㸧OPP: 118; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 192 㡫ࠋ 㸦10㸧OPP: 116; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 189 㡫ࠋ 㞀ࡋࡓ㌟యࠖࡣࠊ⡆༢Რ࡚⨨࠸ࡓࡾぢ㝈ࡗ࡚ࡋ 㸦11㸧ኳ⏣ᇛࠊࠗࠑ⪁࠸⾶࠼ࡺࡃࡇࠒࡢ♫Ꮫ㹙ቑ ࡲ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫ࠸ ⿵ᨵゞ∧㹛࠘ࠊከ㈡ฟ∧ࠊ2010 ᖺࠋ 㸦12㸧࣭࢝ࣞࣝࢳࣕ࣌ࢵࢡࠊࠗࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸦R.U.R.㸧࠘ࠊ༓ ࠺ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㌟యࢆ๓ࡋࡓࣆࣝࢡࢫࡢጼࡣࠊ 㔝ᰤ୍ヂࠊᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2003 ᖺࠋ ㆤ࠸࠺⤒㦂ෆᅾࡍࡿᕼᮃ⤯ᮃࢆᴟ㝈ⓗ࡞ 㸦13㸧ࢨࢵࢡ࣭ࢩࣔࣇࠗࢃࢀࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠝỴᐃ ∧ࠞ࠘ᑠᑿⰧబヂࠊ᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2004 ᖺ㸸5 㡫ࠋవ ᙧ࡛ᥥࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ ㄯࡔࡀࠊࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࡣࡇࡢࢩࣔࣇࡢࠕ୕ ཎ๎ࠖࢆᡭཝࡋࡃᢈุࡋࡓࡇ࡛ࡶ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠋ ࣒ࣞࡢᢈุࡢせⅬࡣࠊࡈࡃ⡆༢ゝ࠺ࡇࡢࠕ୕ ࡔࡽࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢸ࣑ࣝࢾࢫࡣࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀ ཎ๎ࠖࡀㄽ⌮ⓗ▩┪ࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊᚑࡗ࡚⌧ᐇ WHUPLQXV ࡣỴࡋ࡚࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡗ࡚ே㛫ᛶ㠀ே㛫ᛶࡢ㛫ࡢࠕቃ⏺ࠖࢆ♧ࡍᏑ ࡓࠋStanisãaw Lem, Fantastyka i futurologia ᅾ࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊㆤࡉࢀࡿ⪅ࡢ㌟య┤㠃 tom 2, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1989. WHUPLQXV 㸦14㸧Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Uto- ࡋࡓᡃࠎࡢ⌮ᛶࡢࠕ㝈⏺ࠖࢆࡋࡿࡋ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ pian Vision and Experimental Life in the Rus- Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࣒ࣞࡀ♧ࡋࡓࣟ࣎ࢵ sian Revolution, New York: Oxford University Press, 1988: 148. ࢺࡢࠕࡲࡲ࡞ࡽࡠ㌟యࠖࠊࡑࢀࡀே㛫✺ࡁ 㸦15㸧࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࠾ࡅࡿࠕປാ➇தࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ ୗࢆཧ↷ࠋHubert Wilk, Kto wyrĈbie wičcej ode ࡅ࡚ࡃࡿᅽಽⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾឤࡣࠊᚋ㛫㐪࠸࡞ࡃࠕ mnie? Wspóãzawodnictwo pracy robotników w ㆤࠖ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀࡉࡽ๓ᬒࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛࠶ࢁ Polsce w latach 1947 – 1955, Warszawa: Instytut Historii PAN i Wydawnictwo TRIO, ࠺⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࣜࣜࢸࢆᣢ 2011. 㸦 㸧࣒ࣞࡀึࡢ༢⾜ᮏࠗ㔠ᫍᛂ⟅࡞ࡋ࠘ ࡗ࡚ㄞࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ 16 Astronauci ࢆฟ∧ࡋࡓࡢࡣ 1951 ᖺࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࠕࢫࢱ࣮ࣜࢽࢬ࣒ࠖࡤࢀࡿ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥࡀᨭ㓄ⓗࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ㛗ࡃぢ✚ࡶࡗ ࡚ࡶ 1949 ᖺࠥ55 ᖺࡈࢁࡢࡈࡃ▷࠸ᮇ㛫ࡍࡂ࡞ ࠸ࠋ 㸦17㸧࠼ࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࠾ࡅࡿປാ➇தࡢࠕ∗ࠖ ὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ࡶゝ࠼ࡿປാⱥ㞝ࠊࣦࣥࢶ࢙ࣥࢸ࣭ࣉࢫࢺ ࣟࣇࢫ࢟ࡀẼࡼࡾᛴṚࡋࡓ㸦1948 ᖺ㸧࠸ 㸦1㸧Stanisãaw Lem, OpowieĤci o pilocie Pirxie, ࠺ฟ᮶ࡣࠊປാ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫ປാ➇தࡢཧຍ Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1968ࠋ௨ୗࠊᮏసࡽ ࡼࡿᗣࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡢᠱᛕࢆࡧ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠕOPPࠖ␎グࡋࠊཧ↷࣮࣌ࢪ␒ ປാ➇தࡼࡗ࡚ࣀ࣐ࣝࡀᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ ྕࡣ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻㄒ∧ࡣ 1986 ᖺࡢ Wydawnictwo ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶࠊປാ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫ປാ➇தࡸປ Literackie ∧ࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡣࣁࣖ࢝࣡ SF ᩥ ാⱥ㞝ࡢᩛពࢆ⏕ࡴせᅉ࡞ࡗࡓࠋWilk, op. ᗜ∧㸦ࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣡ࣇ࣭࣒ࣞࠗᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࣆࣝࢡࢫ cit.: 244, 277-279, 282-284. ≀ㄒ࠘ୖୗᕳࠊ῝ぢᙎヂࠊ᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2008 ᖺ㸧 㸦18㸧OPP: 127; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 206 㡫ࠋ ‽ᣐࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᮏ✏࡛ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿヂᩥࡣ࡚ 㸦19㸧OPP: 128; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 207-208 㡫ࠋ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 16
㸦20㸧OPP: 130; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 210 㡫ࠋ 㸦21㸧ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࠗᨾ࠘ࡸࠗ㐠ࡢዪ⚄࠘ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠗࣆࣝࢡࢫ࠘ࡢ୰ࡣ࠶ࡿព࡛ᶵᲔࡀே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ࠕᚰࠖࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺సရࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≀ㄒࡣ࣒ࣞ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㏫ㄝⓗ ࡶࠕே㛫ࠖࠕᶵᲔࠖࡢ㛫ࡢ␗㉁ࡉࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡿ ࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣖࢪ࢙ࣥࣈࢫ࢟ࡀᣦࡍࡿ ࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢసရ࠾࠸࡚ᶵᲔࡀே㛫ࡽཷࡅ ⥅࠸ࡔࠕே㛫ᛶࠖࡣࠊᶵᲔࡗ࡚ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ◚⁛ ⓗ࡞༴㝤ࢆᣍࡃࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Jarzčbski, op. cit.: 446-447. 㸦22㸧Jerzy Jarzčbski, “Stanislaw Lem, Rationalist and Visionary,” translated by Franz Rottensteiner, Science-Fiction Studies 4 (2): 110-126, 1977. ࠼ࡤࠊ࣒ࣞࡢ௦⾲స࡛࠶ࡿࠗࢯ ࣛࣜࢫ࠘ࡢࣛࢫࢺ࡛ࠊேබࡢࢣࣝࣅࣥࡀࢯࣛࣜࢫ ࡢࠕᾏࠖࡢ⦕ࡓࡓࡎࡴ⨾ࡋ࠸ࢩ࣮ࣥࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾྠ ᵝࡢࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ᰿※ⓗ࡞ዎᶵࢆᥥ ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ Stanisãaw Lem, Solaris, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1961.㸦㸻ࠗࢯ ࣛࣜࢫ࠘ࠊ㔝⩏ヂࠊᅜ᭩ห⾜ࠊ2004 ᖺࠋ㸧 㸦23㸧OPP: 136; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 220-221 㡫ࠋ 㸦24㸧OPP: 136-137; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 222-223 㡫ࠋ 㸦25㸧OPP: 136-137; 㑥ヂୖᕳ 222 㡫ࠋ 㸦26㸧ኳ⏣ࠊ๓ᥖ᭩㸸486-487 㡫ࠋ 㸦27㸧ྠ᭩㸸505 㡫ࠋ ᓌҾᅙ≝⇟⇥⇱⇟∕⇻∝−∆↚ⅹↀ↺∓∂⇩⇮↝៲˳⃬ჺዻⅦ⇬∑∅⇲⇟Ⅷ⇁ɶ࣎↚⃬ 17
⃯Disabled Body” of the Robot: Stanisáaw Lem’s “Terminus”
1 Sho Sugawara≍
⁅⁛‒ Stanisáaw Lem, one of the most famous Polish writers of the second half of the 20th century, consistently dealt with the problems of human cognition in his works, questioning the possibil-
ity of contact with the incomprehensible “others.” His perspective and consideration are very suggestive for many contemporary sociological issues, such as the relationship and mutual un- derstanding between a caretaker and caregiver in caring for people with dementia. From this perspective, this paper examines the representation of the body of the robot in Lem’s short story “Terminus” and considers the possibility of “acceptance” of the incomprehensible others. One of the most striking points of this story is that the body of Terminus—a robot—is presented as the body of an elderly person with dementia, and that Pirx—the protagonist—is forced to somehow respond to this robot’s “disabled” body. Considering the “responsibility” of human beings in the face of such a disabled body, this paper presents both the hope and diffi- culties inherent in the caring for people with dementia.
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… Stanisáaw Lem, “Terminus”, science fiction, dementia, robot
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 19
‒ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒ Ҿᓸᛯ૨ܖٻᨥ
Kambala’s Sādhananidhi ̿ Critical Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts of Chapters from 4 to 7 ‒ * Tsunehiko Sugiki ⁅⁛‒ This paper intends to provide the first critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Sādhananidhi ("A Store of Sādhana Practices") composed by Kambala, as well as a preliminary analysis of the contents of these chapters, as part of a comprehensive study of the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist literature in medieval South Asia. Kambala's Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhānatantra. The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi are commentaries on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Herukābhidhāna, respectively. The Major topics of these chapters are the visualization practice of the twenty-four couples of male and female deities in one’s body, the funda- mental mantra, and the visualization practice of the six armor deities for protecting oneself.
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ ‽⁗⁖‒ ääääääääääääääääääää Kambala, Sādhananidhi, Cakrasaṃvara, Herukābhidhāna, Buddhist Tantra
Introduction
This paper intends to provide the first critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Sādhananidhi ("A Store of Sādhana Prac- tices")1 composed by Kambala, as well as a preliminary analysis of the contents of these chapters, as part of a comprehensive study of the Cakrasaṃvara (or -śaṃvara) Buddhist literature in medieval South Asia. Kambala's Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhānatantra (abbrev.
2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ ǫȳȐȩ˺ƀݼඥƷᔺࡉƁÜÜᇹ 4᳸7 ᇘƷǵȳǹǯȪȃȈᛖȷȁșȃȈᛖఄᚖȆǭǹȈÜÜ *ᮡᮌᜏᙪ 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶᏛ㒊 1 The available Sanskrit manuscripts give the title Sādhananidhi to this work. However, according to the Tibetan translations that I used for the present edition, the title of this work is sGrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi and the translators’ transcription of its Sanskrit title is Sādhananidāna. I use the title given in the Sanskrit manuscripts in this paper. ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 20
Herukābhidhāna), which is also named Cakrasaṃvara or Laghusaṃvara. 2 The Herukābhidhāna is the earliest Tantra in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition and was probably compiled in the eastern area of the Indian subcontinent sometime between the ninth and tenth centuries.3 The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi are commentaries on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Herukābhidhāna, respectively.
1. Employed Materials
There are two Sanskrit manuscripts (abbrev. Skt ms(s).) of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi that are available in National Archives in Kathmandu:
A: Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project (abbrev. NGMPP) no. B31/20, National Archives in Kathmandu. Palm leaf (73 folios). No date (because the fi- nal leaf that contains a colophon is missing).4 Chapter 4: 12r3-13r5. Chapter 5: 13r5-13r7. Chapter 6: 13r7-13v6. Chapter 7: 13v6-14r1. B: NGMPP no. E2990/15, National Archives in Kathmandu. Palm leaf (Fragment: 2 folios). No date.
I used manuscript (A) for the present edition. Manuscript (B) is a fragment. The two leaves that are available do not contain parts explaining chapters from 4 to 7. For this rea- son, I did not use manuscript (B) in this paper, the purpose of which is to provide critical editions of chapters from 4 to 7. It is reported by Szántó that some of this text (whose au- thorship is, however, attributed to Devagupta5) survive in Skt Ms Goettingen Xc 14/30.6 This is not used in this edition.
2 This Tantra is named Herukābhidhāna in every chapter, and is also named Śrīcakrasaṃvara in chapter fifty-one, the final chapter, according to the extant Sanskrit manuscripts of this Tantra [Sugiki (2008 [2010])]. Sanskrit manuscripts of the Ḍākārṇavatantra indicate this Tantra by the name Laghusaṃvara [Sugiki (2007) 17 and 20 (note 4)]. The title Laghusaṃvara is also assigned to this Tantra by the Tibetan translators of it. 3 The date of compilation of the Herukābhidhāna has been analyzed and discussed in Gray (2007) 11-14, Szántó (2008) 216-217, Sanderson (2009) 158-165, Sugiki (2010) 507-510, and Gray (2012) 3-19. As for the place of compilation, see Sanderson (2009) 165-169. 4 I would like to express my thanks to Professor Harunaga Isaacson, who informed me of the existence of Sanskrit manuscript (A) in National Archives in Kathmandu when I was in Oxford from 1998 to 1999. 5 Devagupta composed a commentary on the Herukābhidhāna (whose Tibetan translation is available [D, Tohoku University Catalogue no. 1407]). It is similar to Kambala’s and can be considered to have been compiled in dependence on Kambala’s. As for Devagupta’s commentary, see also Gray (2007) 23. In the present paper, whose chief purpose is to make a Sanskrit edition of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi, I do not report readings in Devagupta’s commentary (because only its Tibetan translation is available to me). I would like to present a detailed study of textual relationship between these two works in the future. 6 Szántó (2012) 249. Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 21
The Tibetan translations (abbrev. Tib.) that I used for the edition are as follows:
D: Tohoku University Catalogue no. 1401. The Tanjur division of the sDe dge edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka. Chapter 4: 14r1-14v3. Chapter 5: 14v3-14v6. Chapter 6: 14v6-15r6. Chapter 7: 15r6-15v1. P: Otani University Catalogue no. 2118. The Tanjur division of the Peking edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka. Chapter4: 88r1-89r7. Chapter 5: 89r7-89v3. Chapter 6: 89v3-90r4. Chapter 7: 90r4-90r6. N: Vol. cha, 7, 67a-149a (No. 119) of the Narthang edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka deposited in the library of the University of Tokyo. Chapter 4: 80v3-82r2. Chap- ter 5: 82r2-82r6. Chapter 6: 82r6-82v6. Chapter 7: 82v6-83r1.
I used the sDe dge version (D) as the base text for edition because it preserves better readings. However, D is devoid of leaves (13a and 13b) that are supposed to contain parts from the beginning of the fouth chapter up to the passage laṃ laṃ pā ka zhes bya ba phrag par ni rdo rje bzang po dang of paragraph [4.8]. Hence, with regard to these sentences, the edition is based only on P and N. Many passages in the fourh chapter of the Sādhananidhi [4.4-14] closely resemble those found in the fourteenth chapter of the Va jra ḍākatantra (abbrev. Vajraḍāka) [Sanskrit edition (abbrev. Skt ed.): Sugiki (2003a), 14.16-19] and Kṛṣṇācārya’s Śrīcakrasaṃva- rasādhana (abbrev. Cakrasaṃvarasādhana) [Skt ed.: Sugiki (2000), 35-37]. Most teachings given in the six chapter of the Sādhananidhi [6.2-6.9] can be considered to the same in content as those found in its second chapter [my unpublished Skt ed., 2.24-25, Skt ms. (A), 9b3-10a3]. In order to edit the Sanskrit text of the Sādhananidhi, I draw on Sanskrit edi- tions of those three works in which parallel words or passages are found. The parallel words or passages found in those works are noted in the Notes (Sanskrit Parallels) of the present paper. There are two critical editions of Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of the Herukābhidhāna: (1) Janardan Shastri Pandey, Śrīherukābhidhānam Cakrasaṃvaratantram with the Vivṛti Commentary of Bhavabhaṭṭa, Vols. I and II (Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 2002) and (2) David B. Gray, The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts (New York: The American Institute of Buddhist Studies, Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US, 2012). I used Gray’s edition.
2. Peculiarities of Meter and Sandhi
All verses in the edited chapters can be considered to be śloka (verse no. 2c in 4.15 is ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 22 na-vipulā [although hypermetrical] and others are basically pathyā), but the metrical rule is not always strictly followed. Overs or shorts of syllable, the omission or addition of a pāda, and the reverse of the order of odd and even pādas often occur in verses in Buddhist Tantric scriptures.7 Verses found in the Sādhananidhi are not exceptions. In the edition, I have indicated hypermetrical pādas and hypometrical pādas by signs “e” and “o,” respec- tively. I have shown the omission or addition of a pāda and the reverse of the order of odd and even pādas by “◊” (representing the place of pāda division). As for the sandhi rules, in the fourth chapter of the Sādhananidhi, initial and last letters of personal names of deties, initial and last letters of names of holy sites, seed let- ters (bīja), and the last letter of a word that comes before the names of deities and holy sites and seed letters are released from the rules. The same peculiarities occur in parallel passages found in the Vajraḍāka and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (as for the parallels, see also Note (Sanskrit Parallels)). Since we can not rule out a possibility that the peculiarities are inherent to the passages shared by the three works, I have not applied the classical sandhi rules to these cases. (The peculiarities may occur to make the names of deities and sites and seed letters clearer.) For example, bhrūmadhye rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī as- thimālāvahā (4.5) for bhrūmadhye rāmevare ’mitābha-kharvary asthimālāvahā. Its par- alles found in the Vajraḍāka (14.17) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (35) are rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā and rāmeśvare bhrūmadhye amitābha-kharvarī as- thimālāvahā, respectively.
3. Editorial Policy and Conventions
As mentioned earlier, the Sādhananidhi is a commentary on the Herukābhidhāna. Words that are quoted from the Herukābhidhāna, or pratīka, in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi (and equivalent words in its Tibetan translation) are indicated in italics with the signs and numbers that represent the locations of those words in the Herukābhidhāna of Gray’s edi- tion [Gray (2012)]. For example, “tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayantī-(HA 4.1ab)-ti” in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi [4.1] means that the italicized words tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayanti are quoted from HA 4.1ab, namely, the verse no. 1ab (viz., the first and sec- ond pādas of the first verse) of the fourth chapter in the Herukābhidhāna (HA) of Gray’s edition. If the words are quoted from prose sentences, I have indicated them by page and line numbers. For example, “'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba” in the Tibetan Sādhananidhi [5] means that the word ’dir is quoted from line 11 on page 68, in the fifth chapter, of the Herukābhidhāna (HA) of Gray’s edition. Signs used for the critical apparatus (both in Sanskrit and Tibetan texts) are as fol-
7 With regard to the metrical irregularities found in the Buddhakapālatantra (a Buddhist Tantric scrip- ture), see Luo (2010) xliii-xliv. Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 23 lows:
ac ante correction add. added in cf. confer conj. conjecture corr. correction of orthographical variants em. emendation m.c. metri causa n.e. no equivalent in om. omitted in pc post correction r recto v verso ◊ marks pāda division (pāda ◊ is odd pāda, and ◊ pāda is even pāda) pādae hypermetrical pāda pādao hypometrical pāda .. an akṣara illegible due to blurring . part(s) of an akṣara illegible due to blurring ++ an akṣara illegible due to damage of leaf + part(s) of an akṣara illegible due to damage of leaf ’ avagraha (in Sanskrit) ‹ › contain akṣaras added in manuscript { } contain akṣaras cancelled by means of small stroke(s) {{ }} contain akṣaras cancelled by erasure < > contain emendational additions ʘ string-hole ˅ kākapāda added at the top of the line / daṇḍa or shad // dvidaṇḍa or nyis shad ¦ line-filling sign (broken daṇḍa) *word(s) Sanskrit word(s) reconstructed from Tibetan translation
I have marked accepted readings by a lemma sign ‘]’. This is followed by infor- mation of how the readings were decided and by variant reading(s). For example, “pa- da<ṃ> ] em.; pada A” in the Sanskrit Sādhananidhi [4.2] means: “The accepted reading ‘padaṃ’ is an emendation (em.) of A’s reading ‘pada’.” Punctuation as well as division into verses or paragraphs is editorial. The used ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 24 punctuation marks are daṇḍas, double daṇḍas, and commas. (In Sanskrit prose passages, I have used double daṇḍas at the end of a paragraph.) I have not reported conventional daṇḍas except for those suggesting a different syntactical interpretation. I have consist- ently applied the classical rules of sandhi except for cases that I mentioned earlier and cases in which the rules are not applied to accommodate the meter. Orthographical vari- ants that I have not reported are: gemination of consonants after –r, degemination of t be- fore –v, nonoccurrence of avagraha, and nonapplication (or misapplication) of sandhi, ex- cept for those suggesting a possibility of different interpretation. However, when they ap- pear in the apparatus, I have noted them.
4. Major Topics in the Edited Chapters of the Sādhananidhi
The contents of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of the Herukābhidhāna can be summarized as follows. The fourth chapter, titled “Unity of Vīras and Yoginīs” (vīrayoginyadvaya, Skt ed., p. 68, l. 6), teaches names of twenty-four Ḍākinīs, or magical female beings, and their mantras (mantra). The fifth chapter, titled “Extraction of letters of the fundamental mantra” (mūlamantrasyākṣaroddhāra, Skt ed., p. 77, l. 5), and the seventh chapter, titled “Extraction of the mantra” (mantroddhāra, Skt Ed, p. 89, l. 5), expound let- ters that constitute the fundamental mantra (mūlamantra).8 The sixth chapter, titled “Ex- traction of the armor of six Vīras” (ṣaḍvīrakavacoddhāra, Skt ed., p. 78, l. 7), mainly ex- plains the six armor mantras of Vīras (heroes). Most chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi are more than literal commentaries on the Herukābhidhāna: Kambala often utilizes various ideas or teachings that do not appear (or are only briefly mentiond) in the Herukābhidhāna in order to elucidate implied meanings
8 The fundamental mantra is also taught in the twenty-fifth chapter of the Herukābhidhāna. The fun- damental mantra is as follows: oṃ namo bhagavate vīreśāya mahākalpāgnisaṃnibhāya jaṭāmakuṭo- tkaṭāya daṃṣṭrākarālograbhīṣaṇamukhāya sahasrabhujabhāsurāya paraśupāśodyataśūlakhaṭvāṃga- dhāriṇe vyāghrājināmbaradharāya mahādhūmrāndhakāravapuṣāya kara kara kuru kuru bandha bandha trāsaya trāsaya kṣobhaya kṣobhaya hrauṃ hrauṃ hraḥ hraḥ pheṃ pheṃ phaṭ phaṭ daha daha paca paca bhakṣa bhakṣa vaśarudhirāntramālāvalambine gṛhṇa gṛhṇa saptapātālagatabhujaṃgasarpaṃ vā tarjaya tarjaya ākaṭṭa ākaṭṭa hrīṃ hrīṃ jñauṃ jñauṃ kṣmāṃ kṣmāṃ hāṃ hāṃ hīṃ hīṃ hūṃ hūṃ kili kili sili sili cili cili dhili dhili hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ. In his Sādhananidhi, Kambala comments that the former half of this mantra from namo bhagavate to mahādhūmrāndhakāravapuṣāya (before kara kara), in which eight fea- tures of the lord are recited, is named “Eight pada mantra” (aṣṭapadamantra) [5]. The mantra can be translated as follows: “Oṃ. Salute to the lord, who is the ruler of vīras; who has the appearance of the great fire at the end of a kalpa, who wears the crest of twisted hair, who looks violent and horrible with his mouth open to show the tusks, who is shining with one thousand arms, who holds up an axe and a rope and has a spear and a khaṭvāṅga staff, who wears a garment of the skin of a tiger, and who is mar- velously beautiful like the great smoke-colored darkness. Kara kara. Kuru kuru [or “Do, do”]. Bind, bind. Frighten, frighten. Shake, shake. Hrauṃ hrauṃ. Hraḥ hraḥ. Pheṃ pheṃ. Phaṭ phaṭ. Burn, burn. Roast, roast. Eat, eat. For [you who] cling to the fat, blood, and entrails. Grasp, grasp. Or, threaten, threaten the snakes residing in the seven underworlds. Heap, heap. Hrīṃ hrīṃ. Jñauṃ jñauṃ. Kṣmāṃ kṣmāṃ. Hāṃ hāṃ. Hīṃ hīṃ. Hūṃ hūṃ. Kili kili. Sili sili. Cili cili. Dhili dhili. Hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ.” Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 25 of passages in the Herukābhidhāna. Let us overview those teachings that appear in the fourth, and sixth chapters of Kambala’s Sādhananidhi. (The fifth and seventh chapters are literal commentaries.)
Internalized twenty-four couples of Vīra and Ḍākinī [ 4.1- 4.14] Kambala interprets the passages mentioning the names of twenty-four Ḍākinīs in the fourth chapter of the Herukābhidhāna [4.1-4.3] as explaining a contemplation of the twenty-four couples of Vīra (i.e., male deity) and Ḍākinī (or Vīreśvarī, i.e., female deity) residing in twenty-four areas of one’s body. The twenty-four body areas are equated with the twenty-four external holy sites, where the twenty-four couples are believed to reside. The twenty-four Vīras take the form of various components that constitute one’s body. The twenty-four Ḍākinīs assume the form of twenty-four inner channels (nāḍī) in one’s body. The inner channels (viz., the Ḍākinīs) run through the twenty-four body areas (viz., inner holy sites), and deliver, or are linked to, the body components (viz., the Vīras). The con- templation starts with the visualization of twenty-four letters that are indicative of the twenty-four holy sites. Each of the letters is the initial syllable of the name of each holy site with ṃ (anusvāra) attached. For example, the letter that indicates the holy site named Pullīramalaya is Puṃ. A practitioner visualizes the letters on particular areas of his body in order. TABLE 1 shows details of the instruction. The twenty-four holy sites are grouped into ten site categories such as the Pīṭhe, Upapīṭha, and so on.
TABLE 1 Internal Forms of Twenty-four Couples of Vīra and Ḍākinī
Letters Body ar- Holy sites Couples of Body components eas Vīra&Ḍākinī Pīṭha 1 Puṃ Head Pullīramalaya Khaṇḍakapālin& Fingernails and Pracaṇḍā teeth 2 Jāṃ Top of Jālandhara Mahākaṅkāla& Head hair and the head Caṇḍākṣī body hair 3 Oṃ Right ear Oḍḍiyāna Kaṅkāla& Skin and scurf Prabhāvatī 4 Aṃ Back of Arbuda Vikaṭadaṃṣṭrin& Flesh the head Mahānāsā Upapīṭha 5 Goṃ Left ear Godāvarī Surāvairin& Muscle Vīramatī ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 26
6 Rāṃ Between Rāmeśvara Amitābha& Bones the eye- Kharvarī brows 7 Deṃ Eyes Devīkoṭa Vajraprabha& Liver Laṅkeśvarī 8 Māṃ Roots of Mālava Vajradeha& Heart arms Drumacchāyā Kṣetra 9 Kāṃ Armpits Kāmarūpa Aṅkurika& Eyes Airāvatī 10 Oṃ Breasts Oḍra Vajrajaṭila& Bile Mahābhairavā Upakṣetra 11 Triṃ Navel Triśakuni Mahāvīra& Lung Vāyuvegā 12 Koṃ Tip of Kausala Vajrahūṃkāra& Intestines the nose (= Kosala) Surābhakṣī Chandoha 13 Kaṃ Mouth Kaliṅga Subhadra& Lines of ribs Śyāmādevī 14 Laṃ Throat Lampāka Vajrabhadra& Stomach Subhadrā Upacchandoha 15 Kaṃ Heart Kāñcī Mahābhairava& Feces Hayakarṇā 16 Hiṃ Penis Himālaya Virūpākṣa& Middle of the Khagānanā hair parting Melāpaka 17 Preṃ Genital Pretādhivāsinī Mahābala& Phlegm organ Cakravegā 18 Gṛṃ Anus Gṛhadevatā Ratnavajra& Pus Khaṇḍarohā Upamelāpaka 19 Sauṃ Thighs Saurāṣṭra Hayagrīva& Blood Śauṇḍinī 20 Suṃ Shanks Suvarṇadvīpa Ākāśagarbha& Sweat Cakravarmiṇī Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 27
Śmaśāna 21 Naṃ Toes Nagara Śrīheruka& Fat Suvīrā 22 Siṃ Soles Sindhu Padmanarteśva- Tears ra& Mahābalā Upaśmaśāna 23 Maṃ Big toes Maru Vairocana& Saliva Cakravartinī 24 Kuṃ Knees Kulatā Vajrasattva& Snivel Mahāvīryā
Kambala’s instructuion summarized above is in accordance with the general ideas on the internal mandala (maṇḍala) of twenty-four holy sites that can be found in many scrip- tures belonging to the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition.9 Of those scriptures, teachings found in the fourteenth chapter of the Vajraḍākatantra and in Kṛṣṇācārya’s Cakrasaṃva- rasādhana can be considered to be most closely related to Kambala’s instruction [See Note (Sanskrit Parallels) of the present paper].
Visualization of the six armor seals [6.2-6.9 and 2.24-2.25] This is also a quite popular practice in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradition. A practitioner visualizes the six armor seals (kavacamudrā)10 on particular areas of his body to protect himself from evils. The six seals mean six deities, whose major function is pro- tection and who are respectively named Vajrasattva, Vairocana, Padmanarteśvara, Heruka, Vajrasūrya, and Paramāśvavajra (or Paramāśva according to Tib: rta mchog, which is more general). Each deity has his own consort female deity. Although the visualization practice of the six armor deities are taught (or mentioned) in chapters 6, 8, and 13 in the Herukābhidhāna, Kambala expounds the practice in chapter 6 [6.2-6.9] of his Sādhananidhi. He also explains a visualization practice of the six armor deities in chapter 2 [2.24-2.25: See Note (Sanskrit Parallels)], which can be considered to be the same in content. Details of the practice of armor deities taught in chapters 2 and 6 can be summa- rized as follows: All six armor deities have one face with three eyes and a tuft of hair at the top. The face is ugly with fearsome tusks, and a cloth ornament is attached to the tuft of hair. They all have four arms and hold a bell (ghaṇṭā) with their first left hand, a staff (khaṭvāṅga) with a skull bowl (kapāla) with their second left hand, and a drum (ḍamaru) with their
9 As for forms and types of the internal mandala and their history in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist tradi- tion, see Sugiki (2003b), and Sugiki (2007) 135-192. 10 The word “six armor seals” (kavacamudrā) appears in chapter 2 of the Sādhananidhi [2.24]. ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 28 second right hand. They are adorned with all good ornaments, stand in the Alidha (ālīḍha) posture, and wear an Akṣobhya crown. Features differing between the six deities are as follows: (1) Vajrasattva is visualized at the heart. His seed letters and symbol are Oṃ Ha and a Vajra (vajra), respectively. He is white in color. With his first right hand he holds a Vajra while embracing Vārāhī, who is red. (2) Vairocana is visualized in the head. His seed letters and symbol are Namaḥ Hi and a disk (cakra). He is yellow in color. With his first right hand he holds a disk while embracing Yāminī, who is dark blue. (3) Padmanarteśvara is visualized on the top of the head. His seed letters and symbol are Svāhā Hu and a lotus (padma). He is red in color. With his first right hand he holds a lotus while embracing Mohanī, who is white. (4) Heruka is visualized on the shoulders. His seed letters and symbol are Vauṣaṭ He and a Vajra. He is dark blue in color. With his first right hand he holds a dark blue Vajra whose mouth is wide open (nīlakarālavajra). With the same hand he embraces Saṃcālanī, who is green. (5) Vajrasūrya is visualized in the eyes. His seed letters and symbol are Hūṃ Hūṃ Ho and a jewel (ratna). He is red (like molten gold) in color. With his first right hand he holds a jewel while embracing Saṃtrāsanī, who is gray (or is of light color like the sky).11 (6) Paramāśvavajra is visualized in the forehead permeating all limbs of the body.12 His seed letters and symbol are Phaṭ Haṃ and a crossed Vajra (viśvavajra). He is green in color. With his first right hand he holds a crossed Vajra while embracing Caṇḍikā, who is gray. The six consort female deities mentioned above (i.e., Vārāhī, Yāminī, Mohanī, Saṃcālanī, Saṃtrāsanī, and Caṇḍikā) have one face with three eyes and are complete with four arms. They are naked, with their hair unbound, and are adorned with the five symbols (pañcamudrā). With their first two hands they hold a drum (right) and a bell (left). With their second two hands they hold a knife (karttikā) (right) and a staff with a skull bowl (left). 13
11 Saṃtrāsanī is gray according to chapter 2 [2.24] and is of light color like the sky according to chap- ter 6 [6.7]. 12 Paramāśvavajra is described as permeating all limbs of the body in chapter 2 [2.24] and is taught to be visualized in the forehead in chapter 6 [6.8]. 13 Chapter 2 futher teaches that the same six armor female deities ― separate from their consort male deities ― are then visualized on areas of the body (probably the body areas of the practitioner’s female partner for her protection): (1) Vajravārāhī (transformed from the seed letters Oṃ Va ṃ) at the navel area; (2) Yāminī (from Hāṃ Yoṃ) at the heart; (3) Mohanī (from Hrīṃ Moṃ) in the mouth; (4) Saṃcālanī (from Hreṃ Hrīṃ) in the head; (5) Saṃtrāsanī (from Hūṃ Hūṃ) on the top of the head; and (6) Caṇḍikā (from Phaṭ Phaṭ) permeating all limbs of the body [2.27]. This is not taught in chapter 6. Features of the six armor female deities are also explained in chapter 8 [Skt ms (A), 16a6-b5]. However, with regard to the features of Vārāhī, chapter 8 gives a different explanation. In chapter 8 she has three faces and six arms. Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 29
5. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 4
tato ḍākinyo bhuvanāni vijṛmbhayantī-(HA 4.1ab)-ti / tatra bhuvanāni sarvanāḍyāni, teṣu vividham āropaṇaṃ vijṛmbhaṇaṃ pīṭhavīravīreśvarīṇām ity arthaḥ / [4.1]
/ de nas mkha' 'gro ma rnams kyis // sa rnams la ni rol pa ste /(HA 4.1ab) zhes bya ba de la / sa rnams ni rtsa rnams thams cad de / de rnams su rol pa ni gnas rnams su dpa' bo dang dpa' mo'i dbang phyug ma rnams rnam pa sna tshogs kyis gtsubs shing gnas so zhes bya ba'i don no // [4.1]
********** mahāvīrye-(HA 4.1c)-ti padaṃ viparyāsena draṣṭavyam iti / 14 cittacakram āditaḥ, pracaṇḍām āditaḥ, anulomavilomena, nyāsa evaṃ prakurvīta / vākkāyacakrayor yāvan mahāvīryāntāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ /15 [4.2] brtson chen (HA 4.1c) zhes bya ba ni go bzlog pa'i tshig tu blta bar bya ste / thog mar thugs kyi 'khor lo la rab tu gtum mo dang por sbyar nas /16 lugs su 'byung ba dang lugs las bzlog pa dgod cing rab tu sprul pa / de ltar gsung dang sku'i 'khor lo la yang ji srid brtson chen ma'i mthar thug pa rnams rab tu gnas pa'o // [4.2]
**********
yathā bāhyaṃ tathādhyātmaṃ ◊ kāyavākcittamadhyataḥ //1//17 [4.3]
/ sku gsung thugs kyi dbus su ni / ji ltar phyi rol nang de bzhin /1/ zhes pa / [4.3]
**********
tatra ̿ puṃ, śirasi pullīramalaye khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā /18 jāṃ, śikhāyāṃ jālandhare mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā /19 oṃ, dakṣiṇakarṇe oḍḍiyāne
14 iti ] A; n.e. Tib. pada<ṃ> ] em.; pada A. 15 -cakrayor ] A; 'khor lo la yang Tib. mahāvīryāntā<ḥ> pratiṣṭhitā<ḥ> ] conj. (ji srid brtson chen ma'i mthar thug pa rnams rab tu gnas pa'o Tib); mahāvīryāntā pratiṣṭhitaṃ A. 16 rab tu gtum mo ] em.; rab tu gtum pa DPN. 17 zhes pa add. Tib. 18
de la / puṃ pu llī ra ma la ya zhes mgo bor ni thod pa'i dum bu can dang rab tu gtum ma ste /23 so dang sen mo 'bab pa'o // dzāṃ dzā la ndha ra zhes bya ba'i spyi gtsug tu ni keng rus chen po dang gtum mig ma ste / skra dang spu 'bab pa'o // auṃ au ḍi yā na zhes bya ba ni rna ba g'yas par keng rus dang 'od ldan ma ste /24 pags pa dang dri ma 'bab pa'o // aṃ a rbu da zhes bya ba rgyab kyi char ni mche ba rnam par gtsigs pa dang sna chen mo ste /25 sha 'bab pa / gnas so // [4.4]
********** goṃ, vāmakarṇe godāvarī surāvairi-vīramatī naharuṃ vahati sarvadā /26 rāṃ, bhrūmadhye rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā /27 deṃ, cakṣuyor devīkoṭe vajraprabha- laṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati / 28 māṃ, bāhumūle mālave vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā /29 upapīṭham //30 [4.5]
(35). 20 kaṅkā
**********
kāṃ, kakṣayoḥ kāmarūpe aṅkurika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam /34 oṃ, stana- yugale oḍre vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā /35 kṣetram /36 [4.6]
kāṃ kā ma rū pa zhes bya ba ni mtshan khung gnyis su ni myu gu can dang sa srungs ma ste /37 rtag tu mig 'bab pa'o // oṃ o ḍra zhes bya ba nu ma gnyis su ni rdo rje ral pa dang 'jigs byed chen mo ste /38 mkhris pa 'bab pa'o // zhing ngo // [4.6]
********** triṃ, nābhau triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupphusavahā /39 koṃ, nāsikāgre kausale vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā /40 upakṣetram /41 [4.7] triṃ tri sha ku ni zhes bya ba lte bar ni dpa' bo chen po dang rlung gi shugs ma ste /42 glo ba 'bab pa'o // koṃ ko sa la zhes bya ba sna'i rtse mor ni rdo rje hūṃ mdzad dang chang 'thung ma ste / rgyu ma'i phreng ba 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i zhing ngo // [4.7]
********** kaṃ, mukhe kaliṅge subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantuvahā /43 laṃ, kaṇṭhe lampāke
31 go<ṃ> ] em.; go PN. go dā ba rī ] corr.; go da ba ri PN. 32 de<ṃ> ] em.; de PN. 33 mā<ṃ> ] em.; mā PN. 34 kā<ṃ> ] em.; kā A. 35 oḍre ] em.; oḍra A. cf. oḍre Va j ra ḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). vajrajaṭila- ] em. vajrajaṭilo A. cf. vajrajaṭila- Va j ra ḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 36 kṣetra
********** kāṃ, hṛdaye kāñcī mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā /47 hiṃ, meḍhre himālaye virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā /48 upacchandohaḥ // [4.9] kāṃ kā nytsī zhes bya ba snying gar ni 'jigs byed chen po dang rta rna ma ste /49 bshang ba 'bab pa'o // hiṃ hi ma la ya zhes bya ba chu sor ni mig mi bzang dang bya gdong ma ste /50 mdoms 'bab pa'o //51 nye ba'i tsha ndo ha'o //52 [4.9]
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preṃ, liṅge pretādhivāsinī mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmavahā /53 gṛṃ, gude gṛhadevatā ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyavahā /54 melāpakaḥ / [4.10] hadra- ] em.; subhadraḥ A. cf. subhadra- Va j ra ḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 44 la<ṃ> ] em.; la A. lampāke ] em.; lampāka A. cf. lampāke Va j ra ḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃva- rasādhana (36). gardabhī ] A; n.e. Tib. cf. gardabhī Va j ra ḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 45 Passages from the beginning of this chapter up to the words “rdo rje bzang po dang” of this sentence are missing in D. 46 tshan do ha ] PN; go tsha ndo ha D. 47 kāṃ ] em.; kaṃ A. kāñcī ] A. cf. kāñcyāṃ Va j ra ḍāka (14.18) and kāñcī- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). The word “kāñcī,” a holy site (equated with the heart), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies “mahābhairava-hayakarṇā,” and the sentence “hṛdaye kāñcī mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā” means “In the heart, [accompanied by her husband] Mahābhairava, Hayakarṇā, [who is the goddess of] Kāñcī, conveys feces.” 48 hi<ṃ> ] em.; hi A. sīmantamadhya- ] em.; śīmāntamadhya A. cf. sīmantamadhya- Va j ra ḍāka (14.18) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (36). 49 kā nytsī ] em.; kā nytsir DPN. snying gar ] D; snying kar PN. 'jigs byed chen po ] em.; 'jigs byed chen mo DPN. 50 hi<ṃ> ] em.; hi DPN. hi ma la ya ] D; hi ma PN. 51 mdoms ] D; 'doms PN. 52 tshan do ha ] D; mtshan do ha PN. 53 pre<ṃ> ] em.; pre A. pretādhivāsinī ] A; pre ta pu rī zhes te yi dags gnas pa zhes bya ba Tib. cf. pretādhivāsinī- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37) and pretādhivāsinyāṃ (but pretādhivāsinyī in Skt ms from Kolkata and pretādhivāsini in Skt ms from Tokyo University suggest a possibility of edition as pretādhivāsinī) Va j ra ḍāka (14.19). The word “pretādhivāsinī,” a holy site (equated with the genital or- gan), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies “mahābala-cakravegā,” and the sentence “liṅge pretādhivāsinī mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmavahā” means “In the genital organ, [accompanied by her husband] Mahābala, Cakravegā, [who is the goddess of] Pretādhivāsinī, transports phlegm.” 54 gṛhadevatā ] A. cf. gṛhadevatā Va j ra ḍāka (14.19) and gṛhadevatā- Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). The word “gṛhadevatā,” a holy site (equated with the anus), is not locative, but it is possible: It modifies “ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā,” and the sentence “gude gṛhadevatā ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyavahā” means Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 33
preṃ pre ta pu rī zhes te yi dags gnas pa zhes bya ba mtshan ma ni stobs po che dang 'khor lo'i shugs ma ste /55 bad kan 'bab pa'o // gṛṃ gṛ ha de ba tā zhes bya ba bshang ba'i lam du ni rin chen rdo rje dang dum skyes ma ste /56 rnag 'bab pa'o // 'dus pa'o // [4.10]
********** sauṃ, ūrudvaye saurāṣṭre hayagrīva-śauṇḍinī raktavahā /57 suṃ, jaṅghayoḥ suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasvedavahā /58 upamelāpakaḥ / [4.11] sauṃ sau rā ṣṭra zhes bya ba brla gnyis su ni rta mgrin dang glang sna ma ste / khrag 'bab pa'o // suṃ su ba rṇa dwī pa zhes bya ba byin pa gnyis su ni nam mkha'i snying po dang 'khor lo'i go cha ma ste / rngul 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i 'dus pa'o // [4.11]
********** naṃ, aṅgulīṣu nagare śrīheruka-suvīrā medovahā /59 siṃ, sindhupādapṛṣṭhe padmana- rteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati /60 śmaśānam /61 [4.12] naṃ na ga ra zhes bya ba sor mo rnams su ni dpal he ru ka dang shin tu dpa' mo ste / tshil 'bab pa'o // siṃ si ndhu zhes bya ba rkang pa'i bol la ni pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug dang stobs chen ma ste / mchi ma 'bab pa'o // dur khrod do // [4.12]
********** maṃ, aṅguṣṭhau maru, vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā /62 kuṃ, kulatāyāṃ jānau vajra- sattva-mahāvīryā bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī /63 upaśmaśānam //64 [4.13]
“In the anus, [accompanied by her husband] Ratnavajra, Khaṇḍarohā, [who is of the goddess of] Gṛhadevatā, transports pus.” 55 pre ta pu rī ] corr.; pre ta pu ri DPN. shugs ma ] DN; shugs can ma P. ste ] DN; te P. 56 lam du ni ] D; lam du PN. 57 sau<ṃ> ] em.; sau A. saurāṣṭre ] em.; saurāṣṭra A. cf. saurāṣṭre Va j ra ḍāka (14.19) and -saurāṣṭre Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). hayagrī
maṃ ma ru zhes bya ba mthe bong gnyis la ni rnam par snang mdzad dang 'khor los sgyur ma ste /65 mchil ma 'bab pa'o // kuṃ ku lu tā zhes bya ba pus mo gnyis la ni rdo rje sems dpa' dang brtson 'grus chen mo ste /66 sna chu dang snabs 'bab pa'o // nye ba'i dur khrod ste /67 [4.13]
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cittavākkāyacakreṣu yathākramāt khecarīṃ bhūcarīṃ cintayet pātālavāsinīṃ ca /68 etāḥ siddhās tu vai pūrvam (HA 4.4d) iti /69 caturviṃśati (HA 4.4e) pradhānaṃ kṛtvā, sumerureṇusaṃkhyātāḥ, tābhis tāsāṃ grahaṇam /70 asaṃkhyā buddhakoṭaya iti nyāyāt /71 [4.14]
thugs dang gsung dang sku rnams rim pa ji lta ba bzhin du mkha' spyod ma dang sa la spyod ma dang sa 'og na gnas par bsam mo // 'di dag sngon gyi grub pa yin (HA 4.4d) zhes bya ba la / nyi shu rtsa bzhi (HA 4.4e) gtso bor byas pas ni ri rab kyi rdul gyi grangs snyed rnams bzung ste /72 de rnams bsdus so // sangs rgyas bye ba grangs med pa'o zhes bya ba ni rigs pa'o // [4.14]
********** svanāmoccāraṇamantrāṇām (HA 4.5a) iti /73 oṃkāradīpakā mantrāḥ ◊ /74 svanāmoccāraṇasahitāe ◊ hūṃ-hūṃ-phaṭ-kārāntayojitāḥe / ◊ jāpya eṣa vidhikramaḥ //2// svanāme-(HA 4.5a)-ti vīravīreśvarīṇām /75 oṃ ḍākinīye hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ ityādi / oṃ kara
bālasiṃhāṇa- Va j ra ḍāka (14.19) and Cakrasaṃvarasādhana (37). 64 upaśmaśāna
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◊ abhinnāṅgaśaṅkhavalayena tue śāntikaṃ buddhayogena ◊ /82 pauṣṭike ratnaḍākaṃ tu ◊ vaśye padmapāṇināo //3// uccāṭayed aśvarājenae ◊ dveṣe akṣobhyanāyakaḥ /83 ◊ sarve sarvārthasampadaś cakriṇaś cakrayogāto ◊ //4//84 iti // [4.16]
/ yan lag ma nyams dung phreng dang // sangs rgyas rnal 'byor gyis zhi ba / / rgyas pa rin chen mkha' 'gro ste // dbang la phyag na pa dma 'o //3// / bskrad pa rta yi rgyal po ste // dbye ba mi bskyod gtso bos so / / kun tu kun don phun tshogs la // 'khor lo can gyi 'khor lo sbyar //4//85 zhes so // [4.16]
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śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ caturthapaṭalavyākhyā //86
76 khaṇḍakapāli- ] em.; khaṇḍakapālina A. -pracaṇḍe ] A; pra tsa ṇḍī ye Tib. 77 hūṃ hūṃ ] PN; huṃ hūṃ D. 78 ḍā ki nī ye ] DN; ḍā ki nā ye P. hūṃ hūṃ ] P; huṃ hūṃ DN. 79 ces bya ba ] D; zhes bya ba PN. 80 hūṃ hūṃ ] P; huṃ hūṃ DN. 81 zhes bya ba ] D; ces bya ba PN. 82 -śaṅkha- ] Apc; śaṃ{la} Aac. 83 uccāṭayed ] em.; uccā¦ʘṭāyed A. 84 -sampadaś ] em.; sampadāś A. 85 sbyar ] D; sbyor PN. ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 36
dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel gyi sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u bzhi pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o //87
6. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 5
tataḥ sarvadharmodayaṃ viśvam (HA 5.1a) iti /88 sarve dharmā [stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste / de rnams kyi 'byung gnas pas na 'dir chos kyi 'byung gnas zhes bya'o // sna tshogs ni brtan pa dang g'yo ba'i bdag nyid do // lte bar mi shigs dge (HA 5.1b) shes bya ba la / mi shigs dge ba ni rdo rje 'dzin pa ste / dge ba rnams 'dzin pa'i phir ro // de bas na chos kun gcig tu bsdu bar bya (HA 5.1d) shes bya ste / bri bar bya (HA 5.1c) zhes bya ba dang 'brel to // 'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba ni]89 dharmodayāyām / tatrastha (HA 5.3a) iti tricakrātmayogavān /90 prastared (HA 5.2d) iti svaravarṇānāṃ prakaraṇam /91 caturthasya yaḥ pañcamam (HA 5.3c) ityādīnām uddharaṇaṃ bhagavato 'ṣṭapadamantram /92 kara kare-(HA 5, p. 76, l. 2)-tyādinā sahitaṃ mūlamantram //93 [5]
de nas thams cad chos 'byung bar sna tshogs (HA 5.1a) zhes bya ba la / chos thams cad ni stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste / de rnams kyi 'byung gnas pas na 'dir chos kyi 'byung gnas zhes bya'o // sna tshogs ni brtan pa dang g'yo ba'i bdag nyid do // lte bar mi shigs dge (HA 5.1b) shes bya ba la /94 mi shigs dge ba ni rdo rje 'dzin pa ste / dge ba rnams 'dzin pa'i phir ro // de bas na chos kun gcig tu bsdu bar bya (HA 5.1d) shes bya ste / bri bar bya (HA 5.1c) zhes bya ba dang 'brel to //95 'dir (HA 5, p. 68, l. 11) zhes bya ba ni chos kyi 'byung gnas la'o // der gnas (HA 5.3a) zhes bya ba ni 'khor lo gsum gyi sbyor ba dang ldan pa'o // rab rgyas bya (HA 5.2d) zhes bya ba ni yi ge rnams phreng du bya ba'o //96 bzhi pa yi ni lnga pa dang (HA 5.3c) zhes bya ba la sogs pa rnams kyis bcom ldan 'das kyi sngags kyi tshigs bcad brgyad pa dang / ka ra ka ra (HA 5, p. 76, l. 2) zhes bya ba la sogs pa dang bcas pas rtsa ba'i sngags btu ba'o // [5]
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86 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. caturtha- ] em.; caturthaḥ A. 87 dka' 'grel ] PN; dka' 'brel D. 88 sarvadharmodayaṃ ] A. cf. sarvadharmodaye Herukābhidhāna (5.1a). 89 The sentences put in the parentheses (between “stobs bcu dang mi 'jigs pa la sogs pa ste” and “'dir zhes bya ba ni”) are omitted in A and supplemented from Tib. 90 tatrastha iti ] conj.; tatrastho ti A. cf. tatrastham Herukābhidhāna (5.3a) 91 prastared ] A (rab rgyas bya Tib). cf. prastare Herukābhidhāna (5.2d). 92 ityādīnām ] Apc; i// //tyādinām Aac. 93 mūlamantram ] A; rtsa ba'i sngags btu ba'o Tib. 94 lte bar ] PN; gang gi lte bar D. 95 'brel ] PN; 'grel D. 96 rab rgyas bya ] PN; rab rgyas D. zhes bya ba ] D; zhes bya PN. Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 37
śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ pañcamapaṭalavyākhyā //97 dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u lnga pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o //98
7. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 6
ataḥ paraṃ dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ hṛdayaṃ saptākṣaram upahṛdayam (HA 6.1ab) iti vakṣyamāṇakam //99 [6.1]
/ gzhan yang yi ge nyi shu gnyis // snying po yig bdun nye snying po /(HA 6.1ab) zhes bya ba ni 'og nas bshad par bya'o // [6.1]
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yavargāṣṭamaṃ bījam (HA 6.1c) iti dvādaśahakāraḥ /100 akṣarāntaritaṃ kṛtve-(HA 6.2a)-ti dīrghamātrāsahitena madhyasthitena /101 oṃ ha / namaḥ hi / svāhā hu /102 vauṣaṭ he / hūṃ hūṃ ho /103 phaṭ haṃ // [6.2] ya tshan brgyad pa'i sa bon (HA 6.1c) zhes bya ba ni ha yig bcu gnyis so // dor byas pa (HA 6.2a) zhes bya ba ni dbyangs yig ring po rnams dang lhan cig gyur pa'i dbus na gnas pa rnams te / oṃ-ha na-maḥ-hi swā-hā-hu bau-ṣhaṭ-he hūṃ-hūṃ-ho phaṭ-haṃ rnams so //104 [6.2]
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hṛdi hakāravajrapariṇataṃ vajrasattvaṃ sitam ekamukhaṃ caturbhujam,105 dakṣiṇe
97 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. 98 zhes bya ba'i ] DN; zhes ba'i P. 99 a‹taḥ› ] Apc; a{tha} Aac. dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ ] em. (yi ge nyi shu gnyis Tib); dvātriṃśatyakṣaraṃ A. cf. dvāviṃśatyakṣaraṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.1). 100 yavargāṣṭamaṃ ] A. cf. yavargāc cāṣṭamaṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.1c). 101 akṣarā- ] A; n.e. Tib. 102 nama<ḥ> ] em. (na maḥ Tib); nama A. cf. namaḥ Herukābhidhāna (6.3a). hu ] em. (hu Tib); huṃ A. 103 hūṃ hūṃ ] em. (hūṃ hūṃ Tib); huṃ huṃ A. cf. hūṃ hūṃ Herukābhidhāna (6.3a). 104 hūṃ hūṃ ] PN; huṃ hūṃ D. 105 vajrasattva<ṃ> sita
snying gar yi ge ha dang rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las rdo rje sems dpa' dkar po / zhal gcig pa phyag bzhi pa / phyag g'yas na rdo rje dang rnge'u chung /108 g'yon pa na dril bu dang kha ṭwāṃ ga dang thod pa 'dzin pa / rdo rje phag mo mdog dmar mo la 'khyud pa'o // [6.3]
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śirasi hikāracakrapariṇataṃ vairocanaṃ pītam, dakṣiṇe cakram, aparaṃ pūrvavat, nīlayāminyāliṅgitam / [6.4] mgo bor yi ge hi dang 'khor lo yongs su gyur pa las rnam par snang mdzad ser po /109 phyag g'yas na 'khor lo /110 gzhan ni sngar bstan pa bzhin te / gshin rje ma mdog sngon mo la 'khyud pa'o // [6.4]
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śikhāyāṃ hukārapadmapariṇataṃ padmanarteśvaraṃ raktam, 111 dakṣiṇe padmam, sitamohanīkaṇṭhadharam,112 pūrvavad apare /113 [6.5] spyi gtsug tu yi ge hu dang pa dma yongs su gyur pa las pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug dmar po /114 phyag g'yas na pa dma bsnams pa / rmongs byed ma mdog dkar mo'i mgrin pa nas 'dzin pa ste / gzhan ni sngar bstan pa bzhin no // [6.5]
********** skandhadvaye hekāravajrapariṇataṃ herukaṃ nīlaṃ haritasaṃcālanīkaṇṭhadharam, 115 dakṣiṇe karālavajram, śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / [6.6]
106
phrag pa gnyis su ni yi ge he dang rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las he ru ka mdog sngon po / phyag g'yas na rdo rje gdengs pa bsnams pa yang dag par skyod ma mdog ljang gu la 'khyud pa'o //116 lhag ma sngar bstan pa bzhin no // [6.6]
********** cakṣuṣor hokāraratnapariṇataṃ vajrasūryaṃ taptacāmīkaram, 117 dakṣiṇe ratnadharam, gaganaśaucasaṃtrāsanyāliṅgitam,118 śeṣaṃ pūrvavat / [6.7] mig gnyis su ni yi ge ho dang rin po che yongs su gyur pa las rdo rje nyi ma gser bsregs pa'i mdog can / phyag g'yas na rin po che bsnams pa /119 skrag byed ma nam mkha' ltar mthing skya'i mdog can la 'khyud pa ste / lhag ma ni sngar bstan pa bzhin no //120 [6.7]
********** lalāṭe haṃkāraviśvavajrapariṇataṃ paramāśvavajram, 121 dakṣiṇe viśvavajram, dhūmracaṇḍikāliṅgitam, pūrvavad apare / [6.8] dpral bar yi ge haṃ dang sna tshogs rdo rje yongs su gyur pa las rta mchog /122 phyag g'yas na sna tshogs rdo rje bsnams pa / gtum mo du ba'i mdog can la 'khyud pa ste / gzhan snga ma bzhin no // [6.8]
********** sarvālaṃkārabhūṣitāḥ sarva ālīḍhāsanasaṃsthitā jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā iti //123 [6.9] thams cad kyang rgyan kun gyis brgyan zhing g'yas brkyang ba'i gnas pas gnas pa ral pa'i cod pan dar gyis bcings pa'o // [6.9]
116 skyod ma ] D; bskyod ma PN. 117 cakṣuṣor ] conj.; cakṣuṣo A. 118 gaganaśauca- ] em.; gaganaśaura A; nam mkha’ ltar mthing skya Tib. cf. dhūmrasaṃtrādanyāliṅgitam Sādhananidhi (2.24). -saṃtrāsanyā- ] em.; santrāsi¦nī A. 119 bsnams pa ] D; bsnams PN. 120 bzhin no ] D; bzhin PN. 121 paramāśvavajram ] A; rta mchog Tib. cf. paramāśvavajraṃ Sādhananidhi (2.24). 122 ha<ṃ> ] em.; hi D; ha PN. 123 *ālīḍhāsanasaṃsthitā ] conj. (g'yas brkyang ba'i gnas pas gnas pa Tib); ālī++++++++ṃsthitāḥ A. cf. ālīḍhāsanasaṃyutāḥ Sādhananidhi (2.25). jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā ] em.; jaṭāmukuṭāṅgapaṭṭakā A; ral pa'i cod pan dar gyis bcings pa Tib. cf. jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā (whose Tib is also the same ral pa'i cod pan dar gyis bcings pa) Sādhananidhi (2.25). ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 40
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śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ ṣaṣṭhapaṭalavyākhyā //124 dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u drug pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o //
8. Sanskrit and Tibetan Editions of Chapter 7
tataḥ svarāṇām (HA 7.1a) iti pañcamapaṭaloccā++++++++++++++++++++++ṃ /125 trayodaśenaive-(HA 7.1a)-ti okāreṇa / dvitīyākṣaram (HA 7.1b) iti pāṭhānukrameṇa makāraḥ /126 [dbyangs yig bcu gcig (HA 7.1c) ni e'o /]127 ṣaṣṭhamaṃ (HA 7.1d) takāraḥ /128 anenānukrameṇa sarveṣāṃ yojaneti // [7]
de nas dbyangs yig (HA 7.1a) ces bya ba la le'u lnga par bstan pa'i gsal byed dang dbyangs su sbyar bar bya ste / bcu gsum nyid (HA 7.1a) ces bya ba ni yi ge o'o // yi ge gnyis pa (HA 7.1b) zhes pa ni / rim pa ji lta ba bzhin yi ge ma'o // dbyangs yig bcu gcig (HA 7.1c) ni e'o // yi ge drug pa (HA 7.1d) ni ta ste / rim pa 'di nyid kyis thams cad la sbyar bar bya'o zhes so // [7]
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śrīherukābhidhāne sādhananidhau pañjikāyāṃ saptamapaṭalavyākhyā //129 dpal he ru ka zhes bya ba'i dka' 'grel sgrub pa'i thabs kyi gleng gzhi las le'u bdun pa'i rnam par bshad pa'o //130
Notes (Sanskrit Parallels)
4.4-4.14: The Vajraḍāka, chapter 14, Skt ed., 14.16-19, and the Cakrasaṃvarasādhana, Skt ed., 35-37 ̿
124 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. 125 -ccā++++++++++++++++++++++ṃ ] A; bstan pa'i gsal byed dang dbyangs su sbyar bar bya ste Tib. 126 pāṭhānukrameṇa ] A; rim pa ji lta ba bzhin Tib. 127 The sentence put in parentheses is omitted in A and supplemented from Tib. 128 ṣaṣṭhama<ṃ> ] em.; ṣaṣṭhama A. 129 -nidhau ] A; gleng gzhi las Tib. 130 thabs kyi ] D; thabs kyis PN. Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 41
The Vajraḍāka ̿ pullīramalaye khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakhadantavahā / jālandhare mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā / oḍyāyane kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī tvaṅmalavahā / arbude vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-mahānāsā piśitavahā / pīṭha // godāvaryāṃ surāvairi-vīramatī naharūṃ vahati sarvadā /i) rāmeśvare amitābha-kharvarī asthi- mālāvahā / devikoṭe vajraprabha-laṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / mālave vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā //16// ity evaṃ kathitā devi cittacakrasya khecarī / samāpattyā vyavasthitā //17// kāmarūpe aṅkurika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam / oḍre vajrajaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā prakīrtitā / kṣetra // triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupphusavahā / kośale vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā / upakṣetra // kaliṅge subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantuvahā samākhyātā / lampāke vajrabhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī / chandoha // kāñcyāṃ bhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā prakīrtitā / himālaye virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmanta- madhyagā vyavasthitā / upacchandoha // vākcakrasya bhūcarī samāpattyā vyavasthitā //18// pretādhivāsinyāṃ mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmaṃ[= śleṣmānaṃ] vahati sarvadā /ii) gṛhadevatā ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / saurāṣṭre hayagrīva-śauṇḍinī raktavahā prakīrtitā / suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasvedavahā tathā / melāpakopamelāpakaṃ matam // nagare mārāri-suvīrā medovahā /iii) sindhudeśe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati nityaśaḥ / śmaśāna // maru vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā prakīrtitā / kulatāyāṃ vajrasattva-mahāvīryā bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī / upaśmaśāna // kāyacakrasya pātālavāsinī samāpattyā vyavasthitā //19// [Note] i) surāvairi- ] em.; surāvairiṇa- Skt ed. (surāvairiṇa- in both Tokyo Skt ms and Kolkata Skt ms.) ii) pretādhivāsinyāṃ ] Skt ed. However, pretādhivāsini in Tokyo Skt ms and pretādhivāsinyī in Kolkta Skt ms also suggest a possibility of pretādhivāsinī, which accords with the reading in Skt ms of the Sādhananidhi (4.10). As for the two Skt mss of the Va j ra ḍāka, see Sugiki (2003a). iii) medo- ] em.; meda- Skt ed. (Tokyo Skt ms medā- and Kolkata Skt ms meda-.)
The Cakrasaṃvarasādhana ̿ pullīramalaye śirasi khaṇḍakapālinaḥ pracaṇḍā nakha- dantavahā /i) jālandhare śikhāyāṃ mahākaṅkāla-caṇḍākṣī keśaromavahā /ii) oḍyāyane dakṣiṇakarṇe kaṅkāla-prabhāvatī tvaṅmalavahā /iii) arbude pṛṣṭhavaṃśe vikaṭadaṃṣṭri-māhānāsā piśitavahā /iv) pūrvādidikṣu vilomataḥ // godāvaryāṃ vāmakarṇe surāvairi-vīramatī naharuṃ vahati sarvadā /v) rāmeśvare bhrūmadhye amitābha-kharvarī asthimālāvahā / devīkoṭe cakṣurdvaye vajraprabhaṃ laṅkeśvarī bukkaṃ vahati / mālave bāhumūle vajradeha-drumacchāyā hṛnmaṇḍajāvahā / aiśānyādau, vidikṣu // cittacakrasya khecaryaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //35// kāmarūpe tathā kakṣau aṅkulika-airāvatī cakṣur vahati sā nityam / oḍre stanayugale vajra- jaṭila-mahābhairavā pittavahā /vi) nābhau triśakunau mahāvīra-vāyuvegā phupsavahā /vii) kosale nāsikāyāṃ vajrahūṃkāra-surābhakṣī antramālāvahā / pūrvādidikṣu // kaliṅge ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 42
mukhe subhadra-śyāmādevī pārśvatantusamākhyātā / lampāke kaṇṭhe vajra- bhadra-subhadrā udaraṃ vahati gardabhī / kāñcīhṛdaye mahābhairava-hayakarṇā viṣṭhāvahā / himālaye meḍhre virūpākṣa-khagānanā sīmantamadhyagā / pūrvavad vidikṣu // vākcakrasya bhūcaryaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //36// pretādhivāsinīliṅge mahābala-cakravegā śleṣmaṃ[= śleṣmānaṃ] vahati sarvadā / gṛhadevatāgude tu ratnavajra-khaṇḍarohā pūyaṃ vahati nityaśaḥ / ūrusaurāṣṭre tu hayagrīva-sauṇḍinī raktavahā prakīrtitā / jaṅghadvaye tu suvarṇadvīpe ākāśagarbha-cakravarmiṇī prasve- davahā / pūrvādidikṣu // aṅgulyāṃ nagare mārāri-suvīrā medovahā /viii) pādapṛṣṭhe tu sindhudeśe padmanarteśvara-mahābalā aśru vahati nityam / aṅguṣṭhe tu marau vairocana-cakravartinī kheṭavahā /ix) jānau kulatāyāṃ vajrasattva-mahāvīryā bālasiṃhāṇavāhinī / pūrvavad vidikṣu // kāyacakrasya pātālavāsinyaḥ samāpattyā vyavasthitāḥ //37// [Note] i) -danta- ] em.; -dantā- Skt ed and Skt ms. ii) -roma- ] em.; -romā- Skt ed and Skt ms. iii) -mala- ] em.; -malā- Skt ed and Skt ms. iv) pṛṣṭhavaṃśe ] em.; pṛṣṭhavaṃśe tu Skt ed and Skt ms. vikaṭadaṃṣṭri- ] em.; vikaṭadaṃṣṭrī Skt ed and Skt ms. piśita- ] em.; piśitā- Skt ed and pisitā Skt ms. v) surāvairi- ] em.; surāvairiṇa- Skt ed and surāveriṇa- Skt ms. vi) pitta- ] em.; pittā- Skt ed and Skt ms. vii) phupphusa- ] em.; phupphusā Skt ed and phuphusā Skt ms. viii) medo- ] em.; medā Skt ed and Skt ms. ix) kheṭa- ] em.; kheṭā Skt ed and khetā Skt ms.
6.2-6.9: The Sādhananidhi, chapter 2, unpublished Skt ed., 2.24-2.25, Skt ms (A)., 9v3-10r3, and Tib: D, 10v4-11r4, P, 84v8-85v1, and N, 77v1-78r2 ̿ tadanu kavacamudrāṃ cintayet //i) cittavajrādhastād dhṛdaye padmasthaṃ candrava- jravidhānena oṃ ha vajrasattvaṃ sitaṃ raktavarṇavārāhyāliṅgitam /ii) śirasi kāyavajro- pari padmasthaṃ candracakravidhānena namaḥ hi vairocanaṃ pītaṃ nīlayāminyāliṅgitam /iii) śikhāyāṃ padmasthaṃ svāhā hu padmasūryavidhānena padma- narteśvaraṃ raktaṃ sitamohanyāliṅgitam /iv) skandhadvaye padmasthaṃ vajrasūrya- vidhānena vauṣaṭ he herukaṃ nīlaṃ haritasaṃcālanyāliṅgitam /v) cakṣurdvaye padma- sthaṃ sūryaratnavidhānena hūṃ hūṃ ho vajrasūryaṃ raktaṃ dhūmrasaṃtrāsa- nyāliṅgitam /vi) phaṭ haṃ viśvavajrasūryapariṇaṭaṃ paramāśvavajraṃ sarvāṅge vāyum iva haritaṃ dhūmracaṇḍikāliṅgitam //24//vii) vajrasattvādayo vīrā ekavaktrāś catu- rbhujās trinetrā vikṛtadaṃṣṭrākarālāsyāḥ sarvālaṃkārabhūṣitā jaṭāmukuṭāṅkapaṭṭakā ālīḍhāsanasaṃyutāḥ /viii) mūlāliṅganabhuje yathānukramato draṣṭavyā vajracakra- padmanīlakarālavajraratnaviśvavajrāḥ /ix) vāme ghaṇṭā sarveṣām / aparabhujadvaye kapālakhaṭvāṅgaḍamarukādharāḥ //x) vārāhyādayo devyaḥ tadvad ekavaktrāś caturbhu- jās trinetrā nagnikā muktakeśī ca pañcamudrāvibhūṣitā vāme ghaṇṭākapāla- khaṭvāṅgadharā dakṣiṇe ḍamarukarttikā advayayogasamāpannāḥ sugatasaṃgama- satsukhāḥ //xi) vajrasattvādidevatāḥ sarve 'kṣobhyamukuṭāḥ //25//xii) [Note] i) cintayet ] Apc (bsam par bya Tib); cantayet Aac. ii) -dhastād dhṛdaye ] em. ('og tu snying ga'i Tib); dhastā dṛdaye A. oṃ ha ] em. (oṃ ha Tib); oṃ haḥ A. padma
and gnas pa'i Tib); padmaṃ A. vajrasattvaṃ ] em.; vajrasatvaḥ A. iii) nama<ḥ> hi ] em.; nama haḥ Aac; nama hiḥ Apc; na ma hi (D) and ma ma hi (PN) Tib. -yāminyā‹liṅgitam› ] Apc.; yāminyā{ge} Aac. iv) hu ] em. (hu Tib); huṃ A. -mohanyā- ] em.; mohinyā A. v)
Acknowledgements This research was partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) numbered 24520055 (2014 and 2015) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. I am responsible for any mistakes found in this paper. However, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Joseph M. Logan for having assisted me with the English and to the reviewers for suggestions and advices.
Bibliography Edgerton, Franklim. (1953). Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Vol. 1: Grammar and Vol. 2: Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press. Gray, David B. (2007). The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): A Study and Annotated Translation. New York: The American Institute of Buddhist Studies, Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US. Gray, David B. (2012). The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): Editions of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts. New York: The American Institute of Buddhist Studies, Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US. Luo, Hong. (2010). The Buddhakapālatantra Chapters 9 to 14. Beijing-Hamburg: China Tibetology Research Center and Asien-Afrika-Institut (University of Hamburg). Pandey, Janardan Shastri. (2002). Śrīherukābhidhānam Cakrasaṃvaratantram with the Vivṛti Commen- tary of Bhavabhaṭṭa Vols. I and II. Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies. Sanderson, Alexis. (2009). The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Me- dieval Period. In Shingo Einoo (Ed.), Genesis and Development of Tantrism (Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series 23), 41-350. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo. Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2000). Kṛṣṇācārya’s Śrīcakrasaṃvarasādhana ̿ Critical Edition with Notes. Chi- san-gakuhō (Journal of Chisan Studies) 49, 45–62. Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2003a). A Critical Study of the Va j ra ḍākamahātantrarāja (II) – Sacred Districts and ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 44
Practices Concerned. Chisan-gakuhō (Journal of Chisan Studies) 52, 53–106. Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2003b). Five Types of Internal Maṇḍala Described in the Cakrasaṃvara Buddhist Literature: Somatic Representations of One's Innate Sacredness. Tōyōbunka Kenkyūjo Kiyō (The Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture) 144, 276-202 (157-231). Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2007). Saṃvara Kei Mikkyō no Shosō (Aspects of Saṃvara Esoteric Buddhism). To- kyo: Tōshindō. Sugiki, Tsunehiko. (2008 [2010]). Book Review: David B. Gray: The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Dis- course of Śrī Heruka): A Study and Annotated Translation. Journal of International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol. 31, 505-541. Szántó, Peter Dániel. (2008). Book Review: David B. Gray: The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Śrī Heruka): A Study and Annotated Translation. Tantric Studies, 1, 215–219. Szántó, Peter Dániel. (2012). Selected Chapters from the Catuṣpīṭhatantra (2/2) Appendix Volume with Critical Editions of Selected Chapters Accompanied by Bhavabhaṭṭa’s Commentary and A Bibli- ography, Ph.D thesis submitted to Oxford University.
Tsunehiko Sugiki: Kambala’s Sādhananidhi 45
ǫȳȐȩ˺ƀݼඥƷᔺࡉƁ ÜÜᇹ 4᳸7 ᇘƷǵȳǹǯȪȃȈᛖȷȁșȃȈᛖఄᚖȆǭǹȈÜÜ
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Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
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⇮∞⇴ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ᄂᆮܖٻᨥ ⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл‒ ⅚↚↰⃬ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈↝ ⁂⁋⁂ ↖ဇⅳ↸↻↺ಒࣞ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚˳ኒ҄ↈ↺แͳ↝ ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл↚දႸↆ↕Йૺᛯ⇁ྸᚐↈ↺‒‒ ҅‒ ΰᢹ‒ 1 ∆∏∈⇓∐⇑ᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈≋ˌɦ ※‴≌↝ИሁᏋ⇽∓⇖∏∆≋ˌɦ ⁂⁋⁂≌↞Ⅴಒࣞ≐દ˺Ⅵ ‒ ૾ඥ↚ݣↆ↕ⅳ↧⇂Ο↝↢ܖ↝ⅱ↺⅛⁂⁋⁂ ↝Ⅴಒࣞ≐દ˺Ⅵ⇑∐⇓∋∏∆ⅻ⅚˂↝ನɼ፯↖ ↻↕ⅳ↺↝↞⅚↝ᢊφᇌ↕ⅻↆ→ⅺ↹ↆ↕ⅳ↺↰↖ⅱ↺⅛ↂ↝ᢊφᇌ↕↝ɟ↓↖ⅱ↺Ⅴಒࣞ Ⅵ≋⁕⁕⁗‒⁔⁓⁗⁖‒⁞⁗⁓⁛⁙≌↞↗↹↾ↀᙲ↙↱↝↖ⅱ↺ⅻ⅚ο↓↝ⅤಒࣞⅥ↞⅚Ⴛ↢ܖⅾ↔ؕ↚ ʝ↝᧓↝᧙̞ⅻᙹܭↄ↻↕ⅳ↙ⅳ⅛ↂ↖⅚ᜂಒࣞ↗↝᧙̞↳⅚↝ˮፗ↔ↀ↗ࢫл↗ᨂမ⇁ଢ ↸ⅺ↚ↆ⅚⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝ⅤಒࣞᛯⅥ↝ⅤɼᚇႎಒࣞⅥ↚ⅹↀ↺ⅤЙૺᛯⅥ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚ ᛠ↮Ⴚↈↂ↗↚↷↹⅚⁂⁋⁂ ↝ᜂಒࣞ↝ࢫл↗ᨂမ↗Ⴛʝ↝᧙̞⇁ᛐᜤ↝ข҄↝⇽∓⇡⇟↝ɶ↚ˮ ፗ↔ↀ↷ⅵ↗ᎋⅷ↺⅛ↆ↕⅚↝แͳ˺ಅ↗ↆ↕⅚↭↉⅚⇾∞⇘∑↝Йૺᛯ⇁ᛐᜤᛯႎ↚ಒᚇ ↆ↕↮ⅳ⅛↝↰↚↞⅚ཎഷ↝ࢫл↚දႸↆ↕Йૺᛯ⇁ྸᚐↆ↙ⅾ↕↞↙↸↙ⅳ⅛‒
äääääääääääääääääääää‒⇓⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ‒ᛐᜤ↝ข҄‒ φ˳ႎ୍ᢄ‒ ཎഷ ‒↢ܖᨥ⇶⇑∓−⇈‒ ಒࣞ↚ؕ↔ⅾ
㸯㸬࡞ࡐࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢᴫᛕㄽࡢࠕほ ࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛᴫᛕࡣࡢᴫᛕࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢ ⓗᴫᛕࠖ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ ࡘࡢ➼ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࢆ ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ㸦௨ୗ IB㸧ࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࡼࡿᏛࡧࢆࡼࡾᐇࡾࡢከ࠸ࡶࡢⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿ ࣒㸦௨ୗ PYP㸧(ト㸯)ࡢᏛࡧࡢ᰿ᖿࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ ࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⫱࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊㅖᴫᛕࡑࡢⓎᒎ㛵ಀࢆࠊ⨨࡙ࡅ ࡶᗈࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕContents based࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ᙺ㝈⏺ࢆྫྷࡋࡘࡘ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࣮࣊ࢤ ࠕConcept based࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕConcept basedࠖࡢ ࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖࠊࡾࢃࡅࠕほⓗᴫᛕࠖ ᛮ⪃ຊࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ⮬⏤࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࢆ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡳ┤ࡍࡇ ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡢࡇࢁࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࡼࡾࠊPYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢᙺ㝈⏺┦ࡢ㛵ಀ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࠊ ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡼ࠺ ࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫ ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤊ࠼ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ IB ࡢ PYP ࡣࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒࡛ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ᤊ࠼ࡿࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ ࠶ࡿࠋPYP ࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠕMaking
․‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ․ ଐӖྸ‒ the PYP happenࠖ(ト㸰)ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚ The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic” ࠸ࡿࠋ of Hegel. *1 Katsurou Kitamura ‒ఄܖஓݱ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 48
“Central to the philosophy of the PYP is the ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡇࠖࡋ࡚ࠊPYP ࡢᏛࡧࡢ principle that purposeful, structured inquiry is ᰿ᖿࢆᡂࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ a powerful vehicle for learning that promotes ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗࠊ≀ࡢᛶ meaning and understanding, and challenges ㉁ࠊㅖᛶ㉁࠺ࡋࡢ㛵ಀࡸస⏝ࠊࡢ≀ࡢ㛵 students to engage with significant ideas. ಀࡸస⏝࡞ࡢࠊศᯒࡸ⥲ྜࡸ୍⯡࡞ࡢᛮ⪃ Hence in the PYP there is also a commitment ࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿ≀ࡢᮏ㉁⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ to a concept-driven curriculum as a means of ࠸ࡿࡀࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ supporting that inquiry.”㸦ࠕMaking the PYP ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ happenࠖ, 2009, p.15㸧 ࡀࠊࡼࡃㄗゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ PYP ࡢဴᏛࡗ࡚࡞ࡇࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཎ⌮ ࡛ࡣࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ┠ⓗⓗ࡛ᵓᡂⓗ࡞᥈✲ࡣࠊព࡙ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࠕ ࡅࡸ⌮ゎࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᏛࡧࡗ࡚᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢࣛࢫ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ
ࡲࡓࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࢆ㔜せ࡞ほᛕ῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡿ engage ࡼ ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡽࠊ≀ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ
࠺ಁࡍ᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊPYP ࡣࠊࡲࡓࠊ ࠸࠺ࠊ≀ࢆぢࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ࠸࠺ᛶ᱁ࡀᙉ ᥈✲ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࢝ࣜ࢟ ࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ ࣒ࣗࣛࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕFormࠖࡣࠊ≀ࢆࠊᙧࡸⰍࠊࡁࡉ➼ࡢ㠃 ᴾ ࡽᤊ࠼ࡿᴫᛕ⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊᐇドⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠊ ࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࡣࠊࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ ▱㆑㸫ఏ㐩ᆺࡢᤵᴗࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᏛ⩦⪅⮬ࡽࡀ ࡢࠕ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࠖࡸࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢࠕほࠖඛ㦂ⓗ యⓗ▱㆑ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠕᵓᡂ⩏ࠖࡢᏛ⩦࡛ ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᝅᛶࡢᴫᛕࠖ㏆࠸ാࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢయⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ᐇ㊶ ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࢆࡓ࠸ࢇ㔜どࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕFormࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡣࠊ୍ࢆᣲࡆࡿࠊࠕⓑ PYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕ㸫᧯స࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀࡢᵓᡂ 㤿ᒣࡢ㞷ᙧࠖࡀࠕ௦ᥙࡁࡢ㤿ࠖぢ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ ⩏ࡢᏛࡧࡢ᪉ἲ(ト 3)ᑐࡋ࡚ࡓ࠸ࢇඃࢀ࡚ ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕFunctionࠖ ࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ㐨ල❧࡚ࡀࡋࡗࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࢆࠕᶵ⬟࣭ᙺࠖࡢ㠃ࡽᤊ࠼ࡿᴫᛕ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡽࠊࡑࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࢆࠕMaking ⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆព㆑ⓗ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᏛ the PYP happenࠖࡼࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡍࢀࡤࠊᏛᰯ࠾ ⩦⪅ࡣࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࠕⓑ㤿ᒣࡢࠗ௦ᥙࡁࡢ㤿࠘ ࡼࡧᩍဨࡣึ➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆసᡂࡍࡿ ぢ࠼ࡿ㞷ᙧࡣࠊ㛗㔝┴ࡢᏳࡢேࠎࡢ฿᮶ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡋࠊ୍ᐃࡢ㉁ࢆಖࡗࡓᏛࡧࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ⡿సࡾࡢጞࡲࡾࢆ࿌ࡆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ㐨ල❧࡚ࡣࠊPYP ࡢࠕࡘࡢせ⣲࡛ࠖ ึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ୕ṓࡽ༑ṓࡲ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࠊභࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࠖࠊ ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࢆᑐ㇟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ ࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ㸦ከ㠃ⓗᛮ⪃㸧ࡼࡾᩍ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᏛࡧࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡓࡵࡢࠕඵࡘࡢᴫ ᑐ㇟ࢆࠊᩍ⛉࠸࠺ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢࡳࡽぢࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠕᴫᛕᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࠖ㸦concept based ࡃࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ゅᗘࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ▱㆑ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ୍⯡ learning㸧ࠊᴫᛕᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢࠕᩍ ࡼࡾࠊୡ⏺ほࢆ⮬ࡽᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊ ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࢫ࢟ࣝࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᏛࡧࡢ⤖ ࡓ࠸ࢇඃࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡣྠࠊ ᯝࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࠊࠕែᗘࠖࠕ⾜ືࠖࡢኚ࡛࠶ ᩍ⛉࡛⋓ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸ᪉ἲࢆࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚ ࡿࠋ࡞࡛ࡶࠊࠕᴫᛕᇶ࡙ࡃᏛࡧࠖࡣࠊࠕᏛ⩦⪅ ά⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ල࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 49
ࡉ࡚ࠊPYP ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣḟࡢඵࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ; ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡢᮏ㉁ ࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊForm, Function, Causation, Con- ࡢㄆ㆑ࡣၥ㢟ࡉࢀࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊᐈほⓗ࡞┿⌮ࡢᏑ nection, Change, Perspective, Responsibility, ᅾࡶࠊࡑࡢㄆ㆑ࡶၥ㢟ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ Reflection ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣࠊ┦ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㐃㛵ࢆᣢ ࠕMaking the PYP happen࡛ࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡼࡾࡶࠊᑐ㇟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡸᛮ⪃῝ ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡾࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰ࡢࡇ⨨ࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ A set of eight concepts was drawn up, each of ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺ which, it is felt, is of major importance in the ࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶࡞ design of a transdisciplinary curriculum. These ࠸ࡢࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ྛᴫᛕࡣࠊ concepts are: ࡢᴫᛕࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢࠊ➼ࡢၥ㢟 ୍㐃ࡢඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࡀᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊ⡆༢ ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕၥ㢟ࠖࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ ゐࢀࡿࠊ㉸ᩍ⛉ⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢタィࡅࡿ ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶࠕ㐨ල࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ⨨࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ኚ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢᒓࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࡣ࣭࣭࣭࣭ ࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆࡶࡕ࠸࡚ࠊᏊࡶ • form ᙧయ ࡓࡕࡶࠕConcept based learningࠖࢆ⾜ࡗ • functionᶵ⬟ ࡚࠸ࡃ௨ୖࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶࠕඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࠖࢆࠊㄆ • causation ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ ㆑ࡢ῝Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡿ • change ኚ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆ • connection 㛵ಀ ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ • perspective ぢ᪉࣭ほⅬ ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ • responsibility㈐௵ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛ • reflection. ┬࣭ࡾ㏉ࡾ࣭࣓ࢱㄆ▱࣭┦㛵 ᴫᛕࡣࡢᴫᛕࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ➼ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢྠኈࡢෆⓗ㛵ಀ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ(ト 5) 㸦ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ, 2009, p .16㸧 ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊㅖᴫᛕࡑࡢⓎᒎ㛵ಀࢆࠊ⨨࡙ࡅ ᙺ㝈⏺ࢆྫྷࡋࡘࡘ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࣮࣊ࢤ ࡇࢀ௨እࠊrelated concepts ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ ࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖࠊࡾࢃࡅࠕほⓗᴫᛕࠖ ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ(ト 4)ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢඵࡘࡢ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡳ┤ࡍࡇ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ┦ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀࠊ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚ ࡼࡾࠊPYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢᙺ㝈⏺┦ࡢ㛵ಀ ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ(PYP ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡼ࠺ ࡛ࡣࠊࠕከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࠖ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ)ࡢࡓࡵ ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ‽ഛసᴗࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎࠊ࣊ ࡢᴫᛕ⨨⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࣮ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗᴫほࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒࠾ࡅࡿࣥࢫࢺ (ト 6) ࣓ࣝࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢุ᩿ㅖᙧᘧ ࣥࢫࢺ࣓ࣝࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆእ⏺ࡢཷ PYP ࡢㅖᴫᛕࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊࡑࡇࡽ㹎 ືⓗ࡞ᶍ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࠊᶵᲔⓗ࡞ 㹗㹎ࡢྛࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢᙺ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ┦ࡢ Ỵᐃㄽࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ 㛵ಀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽ௨እࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢ㐃㛵 ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊே㛫ࡀ⎔ቃ㐺ᛂࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡓࡵࠊ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ⏕ά㐣⛬࡛ࡢࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᮏ✏࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᅛᐃࡋࡓᛶ㉁ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕㄽࠖࠊࡾࢃࡅࠕほⓗᴫᛕࠖ ࡃࠊ⏕ά⤒㦂ࡢ୰࡛ࡘࡡヨࡉࢀኚᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡳ┤ࡋࡓࠕᴫ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 50
ほࠖࢆ㏙ࡿࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ⮬ࡽ୍ࡘࡢࠕ≉ Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠕลࠖࡢ㒊ศࡣࠊࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚ 㸰㸬࡞ࡐࠊ≉Ṧࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖ ࡢࠕᓠࠖࡢ㒊ศࡸࠕࠖࡢ㒊ศࢼࣇࡢ㒊ศ ࢆㄞࡴࡢ ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࢆ࠼ࡘࡘࠊయࢆ୍ࡘࡢࢼࣇ㸦ࠕಶ ูࠖ㸧ࡋ࡚ࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ ᑐ㇟ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆᢕᥱ ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ㒊ศᙺࢆ࠼ࠊయࢆ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ ⤫୍ࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧࡍࡿཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡶࡢ㸦ࣟࢦࢫ㸧ࢆ๓ᥦࡍࡿࠋ࢝ࣥࢺࡣࠊࡑࡢ ࡲࡓࠊ᳜≀ࡢࠕ✀Ꮚࠖࡣ⮬ࡽࢆⱼࠊ᰿ࠊᯞ ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆほඛ㦂ⓗഛࢃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࠊⴥ࣭࣭࣭ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢࡑࢀࡒ ࠶ࡿࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࣥࢺ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕෆ ࢀࡀࠊ✀ᏊࡀⓎᒎࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ✀Ꮚࡣࠊࡑ ᐜࠖࢆᢳ㇟ࡉࢀࡓࠕᙧᘧⓗࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ ࢀࡒࢀࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ୰࠶ࡗ࡚⮬ศ⮬㌟㸦ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸧 ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢෆ⮬ᕫࡸ⪅ࢆ≉Ṧ ࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡗࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ ࡑࡢᆺⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࠊࠕ✀ᴫᛕࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ ࠶ࡾࠊ⮬ࡽࡢෆᵓ㐀(ㅖ≉Ṧࡢྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ)ࢆᣢ ࢾ࣭ࢿࢥ࣭࣐࢘➼ࠎᑐࡍࡿ့ங㢮࠸࠺ࠕ㢮 ࡕࠊ⮬ࡽࢆㅖ≉Ṧࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠕಶู࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ᴫᛕࠖ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ㢮ᴫᛕࠖ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣ ࠕయ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ✀ᴫᛕࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡢලయⓗ࡞つᐃࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ᚓ ࡉ࡚ࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࠕಶูࠖ࠸ ࡽࢀࡓࠕඹ㏻ᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ୍ẁ㝵 ࠺୕ࡘࡢዎᶵࢆྵࡳࠊࡇࡢ୕ࡘࡣᴫᛕࡢయ࡛࠶ ࡛࠶ࡿᢳ㇟ࡸ୍⯡࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡓ࠸ࢇ㔜せ ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕ⥲యᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠕᬑ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ့ங㢮࠸࠺ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ࡽ≉ 㐢ࠖࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࡢ࡞࠶ࡾࡘࡘࠊ Ṧࡋ࡚ࢾࡸࢿࢥ࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡍ࡚ࡢዎᶵ(ㅖ≉Ṧ)ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྠࠊ ࡓ㢮ᴫᛕ(ᬑ㐢)እࡽ✀ᕪࢆຍ࠼࡚(⥲ྜ)ࠊල ⮬ࡽࢆࡢዎᶵ(≉Ṧಶู)ࡽ༊ูࡋࠊࡇࢀ యⓗ࡞≀ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ⮬ࡽࢆ≉ ᑐ❧ࡍࡿዎᶵ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡺ࠼ࠊㅖዎᶵ࡛࠶ࡿㅖ Ṧࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ≉Ṧࡣࠊᬑ㐢ࡢຊࡼࡗ࡚㐃㛵ࡋ࡚ࠕ⥲యࠖ(ಶ ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡸࠊࡑࢀ ู)࡞ࡿࡶࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡑࡢᐃᅾ(ㅖ≉Ṧ) ࢆᚓࡿࠕศᯒࠖࡶࠊᛮ⪃࠾ࡅࡿ୍ẁ㝵ࡋ࡚ࡓ ࡀ▩┪ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࠕಶูࠖࡣࠊ㐍࣭Ⓨᒎ ࠸ࢇ㔜せ࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ ࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊࠕ⮬⏤࡞ຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡇࢁࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊᑐ㇟ࡢෆ㒊ᵓ㐀ࡸࡑࡢኚ ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣ✀ᕪࢆྵࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡌ୍ࡘࡢࠕᬑ ࡽࠊᑐ㇟ࡢⓎᒎࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠊ 㐢ࠖࡢࡶ࡛ࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࢆᙧసࡿࠋࡇࡢព࡛ࡣࠊ ⮬ࡽࡀ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠕᢳ㇟ⓗ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ᬑ㐢࡛ࠖࡣࠊྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡸ࢝ࣥࢺࡢᝅᛶᴫᛕẚ࡚ࠊ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࠕࢼࣇࠖ࠸࠺㐨ලࢆᴫᛕⓗ⌮ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ゎࡍࡿࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊࡦࡘࡢࢼࣇࡣࠊศᯒ ࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊลࡢ㒊ศᓠࡢ㒊ศࡢ㒊ศศ ࢆṇ☜⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆࠊ࣮࣊ ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡂࠊ ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆࡾ ࢼࣇࢆࠕࢼࣇࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿዎᶵࢆ᫂ࡽ ㏉ࡾࠊࡑࡢ฿㐩Ⅼၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⪃ ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕลࠖࡢ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᓠࠖࡢ㒊 ࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ศࡸࠕࠖࡢ㒊ศࡀࢼࣇࢆࠕࢼࣇࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ
҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 51
㸱 ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼၥ㢟Ⅼ ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࠕㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࠖࡣࠊ ࡉࡋ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࠕಶู㸫ᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ㛵ಀࡋ࡚Ⓩ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᴫㄽࠖࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ࠖ ሙࡋࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣ⫼ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ⫼ ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗㄆ㆑ࡢࢃࡾ࠾࠸ ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡼ ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡶࡢࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓࠋ ࡾࠊุ᩿ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ㛵ಀ ձ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸦㕥ᮌⱱ ࡀࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡢ୰ぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1975㹼1978 ᯇᒣၟㄽ㞟ࠓึฟࠔ1989 ࠕ㕥 ព࡛ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆㄞࡴࡇࡀࠊ ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖᩥ⌮㛶㸧 㞴ゎ࡞࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆᐜ᫆ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᚋ ղ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫධ㛛ࠖ㫏ᆏ┿࣭᭷ᑿⰾ⦾࣭ ㏙ࡍࡿࡀࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ 㕥ᮌⱱ ⦅ 1978᭷ᩫ㛶) Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ ճ ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ㸹ᴫᛕㄽࡢ◊✲ࠖ㸦࣮࣊ࢤ ࡑࢀࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ ࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 1991 ᭶᭩ᗑ㸧 ࡣࠕᴫᛕࠖࡅࡿࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ մ ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࠕᬑ 㸦㏿ᕝ㑻 1996 㟷ᒣ♫㸧 㐢ᛶࠖࠕ≉Ṧᛶࠖࠕಶูᛶࠖ࠸࠺୕ࡘࡢዎ ࡇࢀࡽඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮ᏛࢆᏑ ᶵࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ࡛ᢅ ᅾㄽࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࡲࡎࠊࡇࢀࢆㄆ㆑ㄽ ࢃࢀࡿࢲࢥࣥࡸࢽࣥࢪࣥ➼ࡢ✀ᕪࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕ᳜≀ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡓࡔᛮ⪃ࡢୖ࡛ࡢඹ ࠼ࡤࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡣࠊࠕุ᩿ㄽࡢࡑࡢࠗྜ⌮ⓗ࡞᰾࠘ ㏻ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ༢ ࡣࠊ࣭࣭࣭ࡓࡔࠊᅛయࡢⓎᒎࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᘚドἲᛮ ࡞ࡿ✀ᕪࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕಶู࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ᝳࡢⓎᒎࠊㄆ㆑ࡢᘚドἲࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾ༊ูࡋࠊࡑ ᬑ㐢ࡣ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕࡽ⮬ᕫࢆ༊ูࡋࡓࡾ⏕ࡳฟ ࢀࡒࢀࡢ⊂⮬ࡢព⩏ࢆࡘࡴࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡳࠊ ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠕ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞፹ࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕ⮬ᕫ፹ࠖ ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖ㸦㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢ༊ูࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧 ࠕ㕥ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ, ᩥ⌮㛶,p.11㸧㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊࠕ༢⣧࡞⮬ᕫ㛵ಀ࡛ࠖ࠶ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊᘚドἲࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺⌮ゎ ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ ࡽࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆṇ☜⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡢゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᘚドἲࢆࠗㄽド࠘ࡏࡎࡓࡔ ࡀ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢᒎ㛤 ࠗᣦ࠘ࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢࠊ⌧ᐇྠࡌ⮬ᕫ㐠ືࡍ ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ࢝ࢠ࡞ࡿࠋ㏫ゝ࠺ࠊ࣊ ࡿᛮᝳࡢἲ๎࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᐇᛮᝳࡢ୍⮴࡞࠸ ࣮ࢤࣝࡢᬑ㐢ᴫᛕࡸุ᩿ㄽࢆṇ☜⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࡋ▩┪ࢆཎືຊࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆゎᾘࡋඞ᭹ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍ ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⌮ゎࡀṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ 㠃ⓗㄆ㆑ࡽ㠃ⓗㄆ㆑ࠊపḟࡢㄆ㆑ࡽ㧗ḟ ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡢㄆ㆑ࠊࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ⌧㇟ࡽᮏ㉁ࠊࡘࡡ
࠶ࡽࡓ࡞ㄆ㆑࠺ࡘࡾࡺࡃᛮᝳࡢⓎᒎἲ๎࡛࠶ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࠕᴫᛕࠖࠊḟࠕᴫᛕㅖつᐃࠖ㸦ᬑ ࡾࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᐇࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᛮᝳࡢ᪉ἲࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ 㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࠊ࠸࠺㡰ࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࢆぢ࡚ ࡿࠖ㸦ྠ㸧࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡢ㐣⛬ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ ࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ ࡉ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ ࠺つᐃࡍࡿࠋ ㄞࡴ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ⚾ࡀ㔜せࡔ⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ࠕᴫᛕ㸦Begriff㸧ࡣࠊྥ⮬ⓗᏑᅾࡍࡿᐇయⓗ ࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ࡞ຊࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬⏤࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᴫᛕࡣࡲ ุ᩿ࡣࠊࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣ Urteil㸦ཎ㸫ศ㸧࡛࠶ ࡓయ⣔ⓗ࡞య㸦Totalität㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᴫᛕࡢ࠺ ࡾࠊᴫᛕࡀㄒ㸫㏙ㄒศࡉࢀࠊ㛵ಀࡅࡽࢀ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 52
ࡕ࡛ࡣࡑࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡢྛࠎࡣࠊᴫᛕࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡿㅖᴫᛕࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࡑ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞యࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴫᛕࡢྍศࡢ⤫ ࢀࡽࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺࠾ࡼࡧ┦ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ ୍ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᴫᛕࡣࠊ⮬ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡽࠊ๓⪅ࡢ❧ሙࢆࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ ᕫྠ୍ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ༶⮬ࡘᑐ⮬ⓗつ ᚋ⪅ࡢ❧ሙࡔࠊㄆ㆑ࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㐍ᒎྠࡌࣉࣟࢭ ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ ࢫࢆṌࡴࡇ࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊㄆ㆑⊂⮬ࡢ 㸦ୗ㸧ᯇᮧேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ p.121㸧 యᛶࡀࡍࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡤࡾࠊศᯒࡸ ࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠕྥ⮬ⓗᏑᅾࡍࡿᐇ ⥲ྜࠊ୍⯡➼ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ㔜せ࡞స⏝ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ ែⓗ࡞ຊࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬⏤࡞ࡶࡢࠖࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕⓎᒎᛶࠖ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ᪉࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕయ⣔ⓗ ࡞య㸦Totalität㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᴫᛕࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ࡣࡑ ḟࠊᴫᛕㅖつᐃ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࡘ࠸ ࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡢྛࠎࡣࠊᴫᛕࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ యࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴫᛕࡢྍศࡢ⤫୍ࡋ࡚ ࠕᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊࡘࡂࡢ୕ࡘࡢ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࢆྵࢇ ᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࠖ࠶ࡿ ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ㸦㸯㸧ᬑ㐢㸦Allgemeinheit㸧ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊ ࠸ࡣࠕཎ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࡉ ࡑࡢつᐃែࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ ࢀࡓయࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ≧ែࡽࡢ≧ែⓎᒎࡍࡿ ⮬⏤࡞┦➼ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㸰㸧≉Ṧ㸦Besonderheit㸧 ࡇࢆࡽ࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡀ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕᴫᛕ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ᬑ㐢ࡀࡾࡢ࡞ࡃ⮬ศ⮬ ㌟➼ࡋ࠸ጼࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿつᐃែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㸱㸧 ࡇࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࠕⓎᒎࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎ㔘ࡣࠊḟ ಶ㸦Einzelnheit㸧ɆɆࡇࢀࡣࠊᬑ㐢࠾ࡼࡧ≉Ṧࡢ ࡢࡘูࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ▱ぬࡸ⤒㦂ࡽጞ つᐃែࡢ⮬ᕫ┬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫ ࡲࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ㐍ᒎࡣࠊྛẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ᑐ㇟ࡢ⾲㠃ⓗ ࡢྰᐃⓗ⤫୍ࡣࠊ༶⮬ࡘᑐ⮬ⓗつᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶ ࡞ኚࡽ┬ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊࡉࡽᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊྠ⮬ᕫྠ୍࡞ࡶࡢ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡽ᭷ᶵⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡘ࠸ࡣࠊ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫ ࡣᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ ୍ࡉࢀࡓయ㸦ᵓ㐀ࡸཎ⌮㸧ࡢⓎᒎ㸦Ṕྐᛶ㸧 㸦ୗ㸧,ᯇᮧேヂ, ᒾἼᩥᗜ, p.127㸧 ฿㐩ࡋࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᑐ㇟ࡢᴫᛕⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢつᐃ⮬యࡀࡸࡸࢃࡾ࡙ࡽ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᑐ㇟ࡣࠕయࠖ ࣝ⮬㌟ࡢゝⴥ࡛ලయⓗ㏙ࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㕥ᮌ ࡿࠋ ⱱẶࡸᙼࢆྵࡴ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠊ≉Ṧࠊಶࡣࠊᢳ㇟ⓗࢀࡤࠊྠ୍ࠊ༊ ᙼࡽᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓぢ⏣▼Ặࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ูࠊ᰿ᣐྠࡌࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊᬑ㐢ࡣࠊྠ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢⓎᒎࡢ࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇࡶࡓ࠸ ≉Ṧಶࢆ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠸ ࢇ༢⣧࡞ẁ㝵ࡽ┬ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࠊ ࠺ពࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡶࡘ⮬ᕫྠ୍⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ≉ ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞㛵ಀⓎᒎࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ Ṧࡣࠊ༊ู࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣつᐃែ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋࡋ⮬ ⮬యࡀయ࡛࠶ࡿᴫᛕࡢ⮬ᕫ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㐣 ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕᬑ㐢ࢆෆᅾࡉࡏࠊࡲࡓಶࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍ ⛬ࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿྠㄆ㆑ࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ ࡿ࠸࠺ពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠಶࡶࠊ㢮✀ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ࡚ࡣ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡢᏱ㔝 ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕྵࡳࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ⮬㌟ᐇయⓗ࡛ ᘯⶶẶ࡞ࡀࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓဴᏛ⪅ࡢ ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢయ࡛࠶ࡾ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ព ㏿ᕝ㑻Ặࡶࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉㏆࠸ࠋ ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡀ༊ ⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆࠊ▱ぬࡽᴫᛕ ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶྍศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᐃ❧ࡉ ࠸ࡓࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡢ㐣⛬ࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼࡚ࠊ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ྠ p.131㸧 ࡑࡢྛẁ㝵ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ ࡇࢀࡣࠊᅗᘧࡍࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ(ᅗ㸯)ࠋ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 53
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡣಶู㹃㸯ࡢ୰࠶ ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡣከᵝ࡞≉Ṧᛶࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ඹ㏻ᛶࢆ ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊㅖ≉Ṧ㸦㹀㸰ࠊ㸱ࠊ㸲㸧ࡣࡑࢀ⮬㌟≉Ṧ ᯒฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏕≀ࡢ㢮ᴫᛕ➼ࡀࡑࡢ ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᬑ㐢㸦㸿㸧ࡼࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀࠊಶู ࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ≉Ṧ 㹃㸯ࡢᵓ㐀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪉࡛ࡣࠊಶู㹃㸯ࡢ ࡍࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࠊㅖ≉Ṧࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚᭷ᶵⓗయ ୰࡛༶⮬ⓗᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ≉Ṧ㹀㸰ࡀᑐ⮬ࡉ ࢆసࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࠸ྰᐃࡋ࠶ ࢀࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊಶู㹃㸯ࡣ㹃㸰Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ࠺ຊࡶࠊ⮬ࡽࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿຊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠊ ࠸࠺㠃ࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㠃ࡣࠊಶูࡀ᰿ᣐࡸ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢮ᴫᛕࢆࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖྡ࡙ࡅࠊ≀ ᐇయࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃయࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ ࡢ᭷ᶵᛶⓎᒎᛶࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊᬑ㐢ㅖ≉Ṧࡢ㛵ಀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡛࠶ࡿ᩿ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡣಶูㅖ≉Ṧࡢ㛵ಀࡣྰᐃⓗ⮬ᕫ㛵ಀ࠸ 㢮ᴫᛕࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡗ࡚ྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࡀᨾࠊ༢࡞ࡿ᭷ᶵయࡋ࡚㟼Ṇࡋ ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㅖ࣓ࣔࣥࢺྠኈࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬ ࡔࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀᤕࡽ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ᭷ᶵ ❧ⓗ࡞యࡋ࡚ᖖ࠸ࢆྰᐃࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸ ᛶⓎᒎᛶࢆᤕࡽ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡣᙺ❧ࡓ࡞ ࡿ࠸࠺ࠕ▩┪ࠖࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࠸ࡇࡶࡲࡓᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏿ᕝ㑻Ặࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᴫᛕㅖつᐃࡢ⌮ゎࡣࠊูࡋ࡚ ࡓᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡢΰྠ ୕ࡘࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠊḟࡢࡼ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ ࠺࡞⌮ゎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢΰྠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋ(ト 7) ࠕࠗᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊලయⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㨦࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡘ┠ࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊᴫᛕࡢㅖዎᶵࡢ㛫ࡢྰᐃⓗ࡞ ලయⓗ࡞ࡶࡢෆᅾࡋࠊ࣭࣭࣭⮬ᕫྠ➼࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ ⮬ᕫ㛵ಀࠊ≉ࠕ▩┪ࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ 㨦࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠗᴫᛕㄽ࡛࠘ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ ≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆᏳᐃࡋࡓ᭷ᶵⓗయࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ⌮ゎ ࡑࡢពࡣࠊయࠊ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ♧ࡋ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ᪉ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕≀࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊ≟ࠊ㤿ࠊ㞛ࠊ ࡛ࡣࠊᴫᛕㅖつᐃࡢ▩┪ࡀ᭱⤊ⓗゎỴࡉࢀࠊⓎ ࢚࢝ࢹࠊ➼ࠎෆᅾࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆໟᣓࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ ᒎࡀ࠶ࡿẁ㝵࡛⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺↓ᢈุ࡞ ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦㏿ᕝ㑻ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤ ⌧≧⫯ᐃࡢែᗘࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ ࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ, 㟷ᒣ♫, 1996,p.560㸧 ࡣ≉す⏣ဴᏛ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ࡶ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ศᯒࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࡶᯒฟࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊ⛉ Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 54
ࡋࡋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢほᛕࡢᘚドἲࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡿࠋࠖ 㕥ᮌⱱ, ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚㸸ࠕ㕥 ᖐ⤖ࢆᣍࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊ୕␒┠ࡢ ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮㛶 p.8㸧 ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᣢࡘ⮬❧ᛶὀ┠ࡋࠊಶู ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡶ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ⌧ᐇࡢṌࡳࡣ ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢ࡞࠶ࡿᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ▩┪Ⓨᒎࡢ ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶࠊ⤫୍ࡽ⤫୍ࠊࡴ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ཎືຊࢆぢฟࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㄆ㆑ࡢṌࡳࡣ⤫୍ࡽศࠊศࡽ⤫୍ࠊ 㕥ᮌⱱẶࡣࡑࡢࡇࢆ➃ⓗᣦࡍࡿࠋ ࡴ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ㸦ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽࡢ ࠕಶయࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᬑ㐢≉Ṧࢆࡶෆໟࡍ ◊✲࣮ࠖ࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⦅᭶᭩ᗑ p.90㸧 ࡿࡶࡢࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢ▩┪≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ 㕥ᮌⱱẶࡣࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ ࡕࡽᚲ↛ⓗࡑࢀࡽࡢㅖዎᶵࢆᒎ㛤ࡏࡊࡿࢆ ࡅࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛵ಀࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ᤕ ᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅛయࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࡓࡔࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᴫᛕࡣࠊࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾᑐࡋ࡚ᮍᒎ㛤 ࡞ᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ▩┪ࡽࡢࡳࠊࡳࡕࡧࡁࡔࡉࢀ ࡢࠊࡲࡔࡑࢀࢆ༑ศࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ᴫᛕ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡿࠋࠖ㸦㕥ᮌⱱ, ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚㸸ࠕ㕥 ࡃࠊࠗࡑࢀ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊ⮬ศࡢᑐ⪅ࢆ ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ⌮㛶 p.8㸧ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡣࡲࡗ ࡘࡽࡠ࠸࡚⮬ศࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊࡑࡢᑐ⪅ࡢ⤫୍ ࡓࡃࡑࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ(ト 8)ࠋࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡀࡇࡢၥ ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ࡼ࠺࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࠋࠗ⮬ 㢟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇ ศ⮬㌟ࡢᑐ⪅࠘ࡣࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᐃ᭷ࠊᛶ≧ࠊ≉ ࢀࢆᅗᘧࡍࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ(ᅗ㸰)ࠋ Ṧࠊ⌧Ꮡᅾ࡞ࢆࡉࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ ศࡢ୰ࡽ≉Ṧ࡞ㅖつᐃࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢయࠊ 㸲᪂ࡋ࠸ほⅬ ࡑࡢഃ㠃ࡸ㐣⛬ࢆᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ ྠ ࡉ࡚ࡇࡇࡽࡀၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㕥ᮌẶࡣࠊ⥆ࡅ࡚ ࡇࢀࡣࠊᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ㛵ಀࢆࠊᬑ㐢ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢつ ḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᐃᛶ ≉Ṧ ࢆ⣔ิ࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢつ ࠕࡍ࡚ࡢ⌧ᐇࡢಶ≀ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ▩┪≀ࡋ࡚ࠊ ᐃయ ≉Ṧ ࠶ࡗ࡚⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ྰᐃ ᭷ᶵⓗಶ≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑ ⓗ࡞⮬ᕫ㛵ಀࠊᴫᛕ ᬑ㐢 ࡑࡢᐃᅾ ≉Ṧ ࡢ▩ ࡇ₯ᅾࡍࡿ≉Ṧⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㢧ᅾࡣࠊྠࠊ ┪ࡢࡇࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ≀ࡢⓎᒎࢆᤕ ⴌⱆࡢⓎᒎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᐇ⌧࡛࠶ࡿ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏫ゝ࠺ࡇࢀࡣࠊ ࡽࠊᅛయࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࡘࡡලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡽලయⓗ 㑅ゝุ᩿ࡢᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀࠊࠕㅖ ᬑ㐢ࠊ⏕ࡁࡓయࡽ⏕ࡁࡓయࡢ㐣⛬ࢆࡓ ≉Ṧࠖࢆ᭷ᶵⓗ㐃㛵ࡉࡏ࡚⥲యࡍࡿࠕᐇయࠖ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 55
࡛࠶ࡾࠕຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㠃ࡀࠊ☜↛ุ᩿ࡣࡗ ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊⓎᒎࡢࢇ࠺ࡢᵝ┦࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ ࡁࡾ⏕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡣࡋ ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡣࠊ≉Ṧ⮬యࡢᵓ ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⌧ᐇࡢⓎᒎࡣỴࡋ࡚యࡽయ 㐀ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௬ࡑ࠺ぢ࠼ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᐇ㝿ࡣࠊ ࡲࡓࠊ࠶ࡿಶู㸦᰿ᣐ࣭య㸧࠾࠸࡚ᬑ㐢 య࡛࠶ࡿಶูࡢ୰࡛ࠊᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡀྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖ≉Ṧࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀᬑ㐢ྰ ࡋ࠶࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊศࡸᑐ❧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡑࢀ ᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬ ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞㛵ಀࢆồࡵ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃ ❧ⓗ࡞ಶู㸦᰿ᣐ࣭య㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᬑ㐢ㅖ≉Ṧ ࡤయࡽ㒊ศࠊ㒊ศࡽయ࠸࠺㐣⛬ࢆ ࡢྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ⮬ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ㕥ᮌẶࡣࡇࡢⅬࢆࡣࡗࡁ ㌟᭷ᶵⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡋࡶࠊࡑࡢ▩┪ࡼࡾ ࡾᤕ࠼࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ⮬❧ⓗ࡞య࡛࠶ࡿ ᅗ㸱 ࠋ ≉Ṧࡣ≉Ṧ࡛࠶ࡿࡶᬑ㐢࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ㌟య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣㅖᶵ㛵㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧ࡀ ࡣ⣔ิࡢⓎᒎ࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑐ㇟ ࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࡉࢀ ࡢᵓ㐀࠾࠸࡚ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㇟ࡢᵓ㐀 ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊㅖᶵ㛵⮬యࡶࠊࡓ࠼ࡤ⫵ࡶࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ୰ᾐ㏱ࡋࠊㅖ≉Ṧࢆ⤫୍ࡍ ⫵⬊➼ࡢㅖ≉Ṧࢆᣢࡕࠊࡑࢀࡀ⫵ࡢᶵ⬟㸦ᬑ㐢㸧 ࡿࠕຊࠖࢆᣢࡗࡓᬑ㐢ᑐࡋࠊ≉Ṧ⮬㌟ࡶࠊࡑࢀ ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃⓗ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿಶู㸦య㸧࡛ ⮬㌟୍ࡘࡢᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࡀᨾࠊ⮬ࡽᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬❧ⓗືࢇࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ⮬ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡿㅖ≉Ṧࢆྰᐃⓗ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ ࠶ࡿࡽࠊㅖᶵ㛵▩┪ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ㌟యࡶሙྜࡼ ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊ୍ಶࡢ⮬❧ࡋࡓయ࡛ࡶ ࡗ࡚ࡣẼ࡞ࡾࠊṚ⮳ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᬑ㐢 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡼࡾ῝࠸ㄆ㆑࠸ࡓࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ ᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊಶูࡣ ࡉࡽ≉Ṧࡽศᯒࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡼࡾ୍ᒙ῝࠸ᵓ㐀 యࡋ࡚⮬ࡽⓎᒎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡋࠊࡑࡢⓎᒎ ࠸ࡓࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋྠᵝࡢࡇࡣඖ⣲㸫 ࡣಶูෆ㒊ࡢᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ▩┪ࡼࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ཎᏊ᰾㸫㟁Ꮚ㸫⣲⢏Ꮚ࠸ࡗࡓㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡘ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊಶయࡢⓎᒎࡣࡘࡡ ࠸࡚ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ ト 9 ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࠊ≉Ṧࡽࡉࡽ ලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡽලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ ≉Ṧࡢᵓ㐀㐍ࡴㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓ ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࡣ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㕥ᮌⱱẶࡢ฿㐩Ⅼࡽࡉࡽ㐍 ᐇ㝿ࡣࠊಶ≀ࡢෆ㒊࠶ࡗ࡚ᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃ ࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ ⓗ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡀ⮬❧ࡋጞࡵ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡎ ㄞࡳ┤ࡍ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠕ≉Ṧࠖὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇࡢព ࢀᆒ⾮ࢆ◚ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⤫୍ࢆồࡵ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 56
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖ ᴫᛕつᐃ┦ࡢᑐ❧ࡣᴫᛕ⮬㌟ࡢつᐃస⏝࡞ࡢ ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࡀࡇࡉࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋุ᩿ࡣᴫᛕ⮬㌟ࡼࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞つᐃⓗ 㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࢆᛕ㢌⨨ ᴫᛕࡢᥐᐃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕ ࡁࠊࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡢᒎ㛤ࢆࠊㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑ ㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖୗᕳ ṊᕷṊேヂ ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ, 1969ࠊ ࡢᴫほࢆ㏙࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ p.71)㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊே㛫ࡀᑐ㇟ࢆศ ᯒ࣭⥲ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆࠊ࠶ࡓࡶᴫᛕࡀ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟ 㸳࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᥥࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡓ࠸ࢇࢃ ࡾ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋࡋࡶࠊㄆ㆑ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆᐈほⓗ≀ࡢ ᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣㄒ㏙ㄒࡀ Ⓨᒎྠ୍どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⧅㎡ࠖ(kopula)ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋᙧᘧ ࡇࢁࡀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊయࡽ㒊ศࠊ㒊ศࡽ ㄽ⌮Ꮫࡣࠊᛮ⪃ࡢᙧᘧࡀ㤳ᑿ୍㈏ࡋࡓᩚྜⓗ࡞ యࠊලయࡽᢳ㇟ࠊᢳ㇟ࡽලయ㐍ࡴࠋ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࡢせ௳ࡸつ๎ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡶ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᐈほⓗ≀ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡయࡽ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠ୍ᚊࠊ୰ᚊࢆཎ⌮ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ యⓎᒎࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ㉁ⓗ␗࡞ࡿࡘࡢ㐣⛬ࡀࠊ ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡣุ᩿ࢆほⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣΰྠࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔ ࡢᙧᘧ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡽࡇࡑࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣࠊᛮᝳࡢ ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍࡓࡵࠊุ᩿ㄽࢆࠊே㛫ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡶᏑᅾࡢᙧᘧ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢព ศᯒ࣭⥲ྜࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡛ࠊᑐ㇟⮬㌟ࡢ⌧㇟ࡽᮏ㉁ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢ ࡑࡢ㝿ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢᙺὀ┠ࡋ࡚ㄞࡳ㐍ࡵ࡚ 㐣⛬ࡀࠊ࠶ࡓࡶᑐ㇟⮬㌟ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢࡼ ࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤ ࠺ᥥࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ㏫ࠊᑐ㇟ࡢ⥲యᛶࡸⓎᒎࡢ ࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊࡉࡋ࠶ࡓ 㐣⛬ࡀㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ᥥ ࡗ࡚ࡣಶู㸫ᬑ㐢ࡢ㛵ಀࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡋࠊ≉Ṧࡣ⫼ ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡇࢇࡀࡽࡗࡓ㐣⛬ࡀࠊࠕ ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⫼ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≉Ṧࡢᙺ ㄒ㸫㏙ㄒࠖ࠸࠺ᙧᘧศࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀࠕุ᩿ࠖ ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊุ᩿ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࡸࠊ㛵 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࠕุ᩿ࠖࢆࠕUrteilࠖ࠸࠺ ಀࢆࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾࡢ㐣⛬ࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅ ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕཎ㸫ศࠖ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࡢᵓ㐀ࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡣࠊ୕ࡘࡢᴫᛕつᐃ(ᬑ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖὀ┠ࡋุ࡚᩿ㄽࢆㄞࡴࡇ 㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู)ࡀࠊㄒ㏙ㄒศࡋ࡚⾲ࢀ ࡼࡾᬉࢆᴟࡵࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡀᐜ᫆ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㺂ุ᩿ࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࡢศᯒࡀྠ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ㄆ㆑ࡢᙧᘧࡢศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚㐍ࡴࠋࡘࡲ
ࡾࠊᑐ㇟ࢆศᯒࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊㄆ㆑⮬యࡢྫྷ㸦ศᯒ㸧 㸴ุ᩿ㄽࡢᒎ㛤 ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊㄆ㆑ࡢྛẁ㝵ࡢᙺ㝈⏺ࢆ᫂ ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊุ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡣࠊุ᩿ࡢㅖつᐃࡢᒎ㛤ࡀᑐ ᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧࡀⓎᒎࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊ┤᥋ⓗ ㇟ࡢලయⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟ ࡞⤒㦂࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊ ࢭࢫࡢྛẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࢁࡢᑐ㇟ ᮏ㉁ࠊᮏ㉁ࡽᴫᛕⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫ ࡢᵝ┦࠺㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽᒎ ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 㛤ࡍࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊุ᩿ࡣᴫᛕࡀ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟ࢆ ࡑࡢࡇࢆゝࢃࢇࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫ つᐃࡍࡿ㐠ືࡋ࡚ᥥࢀࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝ⮬㌟ࠊ ᛕࡣ᭷(⌧㇟࣭ኚ)ᮏ㉁(┬)ࡢほᛕⓗ⤫୍ ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡇࡢᢳ㇟స⏝࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊุ᩿࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿᴫᛕࡢᒎ㛤ࡣࠊ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 57
ࡲࡎࡇࢀࡽࡘࡢẁ㝵ࢆᴫᛕࡩࡉࢃࡋࡃኚᙧ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕྰᐃุ᩿ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕ⢭⚄ࡣ㇟ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⏕⏘ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࠊ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ㄒ㏙ㄒࡢ ࡑࡋ࡚ḟᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡶࡲࡓ┿ࡢุ᩿ࡋ࡚ ࡞୍⮴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕ↓㝈ุ᩿ࠖࡶྍ⬟ ⮬ᕫࢆつᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇồ ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋɆɆุ᩿ࡢㅖ✀㢮ࡣࠊྠࡌ ࡇࡢࡇࢆ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠕࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢟ࡣࠗ㇟ࡣ ౯್ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢࡋ࡚୪ิࡉࢀࡿࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ ㇟࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ࠊࠗ⢭⚄ࡣ⢭⚄࡛࠶ࡿ࠘࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ྠ ࡞ࡃࠊẁ㝵ࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ୍㢟ྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊṇࡋࡃࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㤿㮵ࡽࡋ࠸ ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ༊ูࡣ㏙ㄒࡢㄽ⌮ⓗᙧᘧࡼࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 173 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 171 ⠇⿵㑇.ࠕᑠㄽ Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.147) ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, ㏙ࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢព⩏㝈⏺ࢆࠕᐈほⓗ p.143) ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ᭷ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ุ᩿ㄽࡣ(㸯)ࠕᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿ࠖ(⫯ᐃุ᩿ࠊྰᐃุ ឤᛶⓗ࡞≀ࡢᮏᛶࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ✵ ᩿ࠊ↓㝈ุ᩿)ࠊ(㸰)ࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ(༢⛠ุ᩿ࠊ ࡞ྠ୍ᐇࡋࡓ㛵ಀɆɆ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࡑࡢᐇࠊ㛵 ≉⛠ุ᩿ࠊ⛠ุ᩿)ࠊ(㸱)ࠕᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ࠖ(ᐃ ಀࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㉁ⓗ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲ ゝุ᩿ࠊ௬ゝุ᩿ࠊ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠊ(㸲)ࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࡗࡓࡃ㐺ྜࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀɆɆࡢศ (ᐇ↛ุ᩿ࠊ↛ุ᩿ࠊ☜↛ุ᩿)࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ᒎ ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 173 ⠇.ࠕᑠ 㛤ࡍࡿࠋ ㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, ࡇࢀࢆࠊᑐ㇟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟ p.147) ࢭࢫࡋ࡚ᴫほࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ᕫࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ࡀࠕಶูࠖࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ፹ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㠃ࡀ 㸴㸯ᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿ ࡃฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡇࢁࡑࡢཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡢࣂࣛࡣ㉥࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖឤᛶࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄆ㆑࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ፹ⓗᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ 㸴㸰┬ࡢุ᩿ ࡞࠸ࠋ ༢⛠ุ᩿ࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖ ㄒࡣಶูࠊ㏙ㄒࡣᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ ≉⛠ุ᩿ࠕ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖ ≀ࡀ┤᥋ࠊឤᛶࡼࡗ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓጼࢆ⾲ࡍุ ⛠ุ᩿ࠕࡍ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣṚࡍࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊ⤒㦂┤᥋࠼ࡽࢀࡓ ࡿ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖᬑ㐢ᛶࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ ⌧㇟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ ᬑ㐢ᛶࡣࠊ≉Ṧ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㈏࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊ≉Ṧᛶ ࡑࡢⅬࠊࡇࡢุ᩿ࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢෆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᴾ ࡋࡋࠊ㏙ㄒࡢᬑ㐢ࡶឤᛶⓗ࡞ࡽࡤࠊㄒࡢಶ ᐃ᭷ࡢุ᩿࡛ࠊ୍ᗘࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᮏ㉁(ᬑ㐢)࡛ ูࡶ༢⣧┤᥋ⓗ࡛ឤᛶⓗ࡞ࠕࡇࡢࡶࡢࠖࡋ࡚ ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢഅ↛ⓗ㛵ಀࡋࡓࠕಶูࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊಶูᬑ㐢ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀࠊ 㛵ಀࢆ࠸ࡗࡓࢇゎᾘࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᮏ ࡲࡗࡓࡃഅ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶูࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡋ ㉁(ᬑ㐢ᛶ)ࢆᅇࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ┬ࡢ ࡓᬑ㐢࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢุ᩿࡛ࡣࠊࡑ ุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㏙ㄒࡣࠊㄒ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࠕࣂࣛࠖ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࢆࠕࡢࡶࡢࠖ⤖ࡧࡅࡿࠋࡓ ࡣࠕ㉥࠸ࠖࡔࡅ⤖ࡧࡘ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࠕ㉥࠸ࠖࡣࣂ ࠼ࡤࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖࡢሙྜࠊࠕࡇࡢ᳜ ࣛࡔࡅ⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋㄒ㏙ㄒࡢ㛵ಀ ≀ࠖࡣࠕ⸆࡞ࡿࠖ࠸࠺㏙ㄒࢆࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡢ ࡣእⓗ࡛അ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡇࡢุ᩿ࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ ࡶࡢࠖࠊ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ࠶ࡿẼࠖ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࠕࣂࣛࡣ㉥ࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࡶゝ࠼ ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ㏙ㄒࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 58
ࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊࠕࡢࡶࡢࠖ㸦ㄒᑐࡋ࡚እ⏺ ⏺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢇ᰿ᣐࡀ࡞࠸ ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸧㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㏙ㄒ ➼ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࠕ≉⛠ุ᩿ࠖ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡶࠊ ࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࡢពࢆ ࡑࢀࡣࠕ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ⌧㇟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕಶูࡢ㞟ྜࠖ ᣢࡘࠕ┬つᐃ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊㄒࡢ┤᥋ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫ࡢ᭷㝈࡞⤒㦂࠾࠸࡚ぢฟࡉࢀ ⓗ࡞ಶูᛶࡣ㉸࠼ࡽࢀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠕ⌧㇟ࠖࠕឤᛶࠖ ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕከࡃࡢಶูࠖࡀࠕࡍ࡚ࡢಶูࠖ ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡽࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࠕ┬ࠖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛ ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ ῝ࡲࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ┦㛵ᛶࠖࡸࠕ┬ࠖࡣࠊࠕᮏ ࡇࡣࠊࠕ⛠ุ᩿࡛ࠖࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ㉁࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⌧㇟࠾ࡅࡿኚࡸከᵝ ᭷㝈࡞ࠕ⌧㇟ࠖᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸦ἲ๎➼㸧 ᛶࡢ୰࡛ࠊᜏᖖⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢㅖ㛵ಀࡸㅖつᐃ ࡣࠊ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ௬ㄝࠖࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ ┦ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀᙉ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡶࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࠕࡇࡢ᳜≀ࡣ⸆࡞ࡿࠖゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡢ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡣே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ุ ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᳜≀ࡶࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ᩿ࡣ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋே㛫࡛࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮࡛ ࡑࢀࡀࠕ≉⛠ุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࠕࡇࡢே㛫ࠖ ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋே㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣࠊࡢே㛫ࡋ࡚୪ࢇ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚ ࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮㝈ࡽࡎࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡶࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡶࠊ ࠸ࡿࠋࡺ࠼ࠊከࡃࡢே㛫ࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡇ ࡑࡢࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜࡢከࡃࡢேࠎࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿ ࡼࡾࠊࠕࡇࡢே㛫ࠖࡣࠊࠕே㛫ࠖ࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ᛶ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡲࡽࡎࠊᙼ ᒓࡋࠊุ᩿ࡣࠊࠕࡍ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡣṚࡍࡁࡶࡢ ࡽࡢࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡶࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࠕ⛠ุ᩿ࠖ㐍ࡴࠋࡇࡢࠕࡍ ࡶࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡶࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡸ ࡚ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࠕ┬ࠖࡀ᭱ึฟࡃࢃࡍ ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡸࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ ᬑ㐢ᛶࡢᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࠸ࠋಶࠎࡢே㛫ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡋ ࡣࠊࠕᩘࠖࡸࠕ㔞ࠖࡀᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ ࠊ≉Ṧࡢே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠸࠺┬つᐃࡣࠊࠕ᭷⏝ࠖࠕ༴㝤ࠖࠕ㔜ຊࠖࠕ㓟ࠖ ࠕಶูࡀྰᐃⓗ⮬ᕫෆ┬ࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥ ࠕ⾪ືࠖ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢆ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊಶูࡢ୰ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖ 㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 174 ⠇ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ. (ୗᕳ)ࠖᯇ ࢆ㈏ࡁࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆෆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆᤕ࠼ ᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.149)ࡇࢀࡀࠕ┬ࡢ ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊㄒ㸦ಶู㸧㏙ㄒ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡢ ุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྠ୍ᛶࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡇ࡛ࠊ⛠ุ᩿ࡲ࡛῝ࡲࡗ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕṚࡍࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡣࠕே㛫ࠖ ࡓㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ࠖ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࠋ ࡔࡅᅛ᭷࡞ᬑ㐢ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕ࢚࢝ࣝࠖࠕ࣑࣑ࢬࠖ ࡞ࡢࡢࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ 㸴㸱ᚲ↛ᛶࡢุ᩿ ࡚ࠊㄒࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡣእⓗ࡞ࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ ᐃゝุ᩿ ࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊㄒࡢࠕಶูࠖ௨እࡢࡢࡶࡢ ࠕࣂࣛࡣࠊ᳜≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖ㏙ㄒࠕලయⓗ ࡶඹ㏻ࡍࡿࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᬑ㐢 ᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠕᐇయࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑ ᛶࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᛶࠖࡣࠕ≉Ṧ࡞ ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣ⮬ࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡍࡿຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ ࡶࡢࠖࢆ㈏ࡁࠊࠕ≉Ṧᛶࠖࢆ⮬ᕫࡢෆྵࡴࡶࡢ ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼ࠊ࠸ࡲࡔഅ↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡇࡢุ᩿࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊㄒ㏙ㄒࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ᚲ↛ᛶࡣᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ┬ࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢෆᐜࡀ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡑ ࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢀࡽࡢྠ୍ᛶࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡲࡓࠊࠕ༢⛠ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠊᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ ㄒ㏙ㄒࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ㛵ಀࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡛ ᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡿ୍ᅇ㝈ࡾࡢ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࠊࡑࡢ㝈 ࠶ࡿࠋࢇ࡞ࣂࣛࡶ᳜≀࡛࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊࣂ࡛ࣛ࠶ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 59
ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋㄒࡣ≉Ṧ㸦✀㸧ࠊ㏙ㄒࡣᬑ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡀㄒࡢᐇయᛶ 㐢㸦㢮㸧࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ᩿ᐃⓗ㏙ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᐇయᛶࠖࡢㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣ ࠕ࡞ࡺ࠼ࠖ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡸ᮲௳ࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ࡽ ࠕ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ≀ࡣᐃゝุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠖゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ῝ ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ≀ࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇయⓗ࡞ᮏ㉁ ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐃゝุ ᩿ࡣࠊࠕᐇయࠖࡢㄆ㆑࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௬ゝุ᩿ ࠕᐇయࠖࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡋࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࠼ ࠕ㸿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㹀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭ࠖ≉ ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᬑ㐢ࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ⏕ Ṧ≉Ṧࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᬑ㐢ࡢ㛵 ࠾ࡅࡿ⣽⬊ࠊỈ⣲ࡸ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࠊ࣭࣭࣭㕲➼ࠎࡢ ಀࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ඖ⣲࠾ࡅࡿ⣲⢏Ꮚࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧㇟ ࡇࡢุ᩿࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࡣࠊᤕ࠼ ࡽ✀ᕪ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࢆᤞ㇟ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠕ࡞ࡺ࠼ࠖ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡸ᮲௳ࢆ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᐇయࠖࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡢ⫼ᚋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾ ㅖ⌧㇟ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡣࠊࡢࡶࡢ፹ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠊࡢࡶࡢࡢ ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶព Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡋࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀㄆ㆑ ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡲࡉࠕཎᅉ⤖ᯝࠖࡢ㛵 ࡇࢁࡀࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡣࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖࡀࠕᐇయᛶࠖࢆ ㉁ࠖࡢᏑᅾࢆྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢪ࢙࣒ࢬ࠾࠸࡚ ᤕ࠼ࡿㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ ࡣࠕᐇᅾࠖࡣࠕ௬ㄝࠖࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ┿ ࡣ㺀ᅉᯝᛶ㺁ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࠕ௬ゝุ ⌮ࠖࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⤒㦂ࢆ㛵ಀࡉࡏࠊ⤫ᣓࡋࠊ ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⮬⏤ᕦࡳά⏝࡛ࡁࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸⌧㇟ᑐࡋ࡚ᴫᛕⓗ ࡇࢁࡀࠊᗘࡣࠊㄒ㏙ㄒࡢࠊࡘࡢ≉Ṧ ࡞㏆㐨ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡕࡣࡸࡃࡑࢀ័ࢀぶࡋࡴࡇ ࡢྠ୍ᛶ㸦ᐇయ=ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣࠊ┤᥋ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕാࡃຊࢆᣢࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ㄒ㏙ㄒࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇయᛶ㸦ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ㸧ࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡑࢀࡀᑐ㇟ࡢᐇయࡸᮏ㉁ࠊᵓ㐀ࡸἲ๎ࢆᤕ࠼࡚࠸ ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂❧ࡋࡓࠕ⌧ᐇᛶࠖࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ≉ ࡿྰࡣၥ㢟ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸ Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ୧⪅ඹ㏻ࡍࡿᐇయᛶ㸦ࠕᬑ ࢬ࣒ࡀࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ↓⏝ࡢࡶࡢ 㐢ࠖ㸧ࡣ⾲ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊㄒࡢ⌧ᐇ ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᛶ㸦㸿ࡢᏑᅾ㸧ࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⌧ᐇᛶ ࡉ࡚ヰࢆඖᡠࡍࠋ≉Ṧࡣࠕࣂࣛࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏙ㄒ㸦㹀㸧ࡢ⌧ᐇᛶࡋ ࠸ࠋࠕࢧࢡࣛࠖࡶࠕ࣓࢘ࠖࡶࠕ࢟ࢡࠖࡶࡳ࡞᳜≀ ࡚⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࡲࡔഅ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡶࠊ ࡘࡲࡾ㸪≉Ṧ㹀ࡣࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢ᰿ᣐ ࡞ࡐ᳜≀ࡀࣂࣛ࡞ࡢࠊ࡞ࡐࠕᐇయࠖࡀ୍ᐃࡢࠕᙧ ࢆ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸦ᐇయ㸫ᬑ㐢㸧ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ ែࠖࢆࡗ࡚⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࠊ࡞ࡐࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ ≉Ṧ㸿ࡢ࠺ࡕᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡲ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖ࡞ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢཎ⌮ࡀᤕ ࡓࠊ≉Ṧ㸿ࡶࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣࠕ௬ゝⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡀᐃゝุ᩿ࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡣഅ↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࡑࡢ㝈⏺ࢆࠊࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࡶ࡞࠾༑ศ Ṧ㹀ࡢᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᮲௳ࡸཎᅉࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡞ࡇࢁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡣ≉Ṧ ࡣᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ≉Ṧ㸿ࡶ≉Ṧ㹀ࡶ ᛶࡢ࣓ࣔࣥࢺṇᙜ࡞ᆅࢆ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡽ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ᰿ᣐᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ᫂ ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝ. 177 ⠇.ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗ ࡽࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊᬑ㐢ࡽ≉Ṧࢆᑟࡁฟࡍ ᕳ)ࠖ ᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼᩥᗜ,1972, p.154)㏙ ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡶ᫂ࡽ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 60
ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡀࠕ㸿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㹀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠖ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖࡣࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࡘ㹀 ࠸࠺ࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕぶࡀᏑᅾࡍ Ϲࡘ㹀Ϻࡘ……࡛࠶ࡿࠖᐃᘧࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤᏊࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ุ᩿ࡣࠊ୧⪅ࡢᐇ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡘࡢㄽ⌮ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ య㸦ᬑ㐢㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⏕ࠖࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑ ࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㹀Ϲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㹀Ϻ࡛ࡶ ࡢ࠺࠼࡛ࠊぶࡶᏊࡶࠕ⏕ࠖ࠸࠺ᐇయ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧 ࠶ࡾ……࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺⤫୍ࡢ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࠺ ࡢࠕᙧែࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇయ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣぶ ୍ࡘࡣࠊࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ……࡛ Ꮚ࠸࠺ࠕᙧែࠖ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡋ࡚ᚲࡎ⌧㇟ࡍࡿ ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺༊ูࡢ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊ࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏑᅾ ༊ู⤫୍ࡢ㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ୍࡚ ࡢᚲ↛ᛶࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡘࡢ᭷ᶵⓗయࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊࡑ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ≉Ṧࡸㅖ≉ ࡢ୰࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐃㛵ࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ┦ᑐⓗ Ṧ㸦㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ࣭࣭࣭࣭㸧࠺ࡋࡢᚲ↛ⓗ ࡞⨨ࡀỴࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ ࡞㐃㛵㸦᭷ᶵⓗ㐃㛵㸧ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕ⥲యᛶࠖࡢㄽ ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢෆᐇㅖ≉Ṧࡢ᭷ᶵ ⌮ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢ ⓗ㐃㛵ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ 㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ ……࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺༊ูࡢㄽ⌮ࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢㸿ࡣࠊ 㑅ゝุ᩿ ≉Ṧ㹀ϸࠊ㹀Ϲࠊ㹀Ϻ࣭࣭࣭ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࢀ ࠕ㸿ࡣࠊ㹀ϸࡘ㹀Ϲࡘ㹀Ϻࡘ࡛͐͐࠶ ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖ≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢᢕᥱ㸫ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ⮬ ࡣࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࢀ୍ࡘࡢ≉Ṧࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾ ࡽࡢ࠺ࡕࠕ✀ᕪࠖࢆྵࡳࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿࠕල ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ యⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢෆᐇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࡇゝ࠺ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣ ࡲࡔࠕయࠖࡋ࡚ࡣᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ⮬ࡽࢆࠕㅖ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚ᐃ❧ࡋࠊࠕㅖ≉Ṧࠖࢆ᭷ ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ ᶵⓗ㐃㛵ࡉࡏ࡚⥲యࡍࡿᐇయ࡛࠶ࡾຊ࡛࠶ ࠺ࡕࠕ✀ᕪࠖࢆྵࡳࠊ⮬ࡽࢆ≉Ṧࡍࡿࠕලయ ࡿࡀࠊྠࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚⊂⮬Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣྠࠊ≉Ṧ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍ ࡞ㅖせ⣲ࠊㅖᙧែࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࢆつᐃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᭷ᶵⓗ࡞⥲యࡋ࡚ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆᤕ࠼ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࠶ࡿᴗ㸦ಶู㸧ࡣࠊ⤒⌮㒊㛛ࠊ⏕ ࡿࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ⏘㒊㛛ࠊ㔠⼥㒊㛛ࠊὶ㏻㒊㛛➼ࠎࡢࠕㅖ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ ලయⓗ࠸࠺ࠊࠕᐙࡣࠊ⋞㛵࡛࠶ࡾࠊᒃ㛫࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊྠࡑࢀࢆ⤫୍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࠕቑṪࡍࡿ ࠶ࡾࠊᗙᩜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྎᡤ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐷᐊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭩ ౯್ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ㈨ᮏ㸦ᬑ㐢㸧ࡣࠊ≉Ṧࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ ᩪ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣭࣭࣭࣭ᒇ᰿࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ ࡿ⏕⏘㒊㛛ࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀࠊࡢㅖ≉Ṧ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࠕᐙࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣㅖ≉Ṧࡢయ㸦⥲య㸧 ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㒊㛛ࢆ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫୍ࡋࠊ࠶ࡿᴗ ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏫ࡳࡿࠊㅖ≉Ṧࡢ⥲ 㸦ಶู㸧ࢆ⥲యࡋ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ యࡀࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᴫᛕࡣࠊ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᢳ㇟ⓗ࣭ᙧᘧⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊලయⓗ࡞ෆᐇࢆ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡼ ᣢࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠋࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ༊ูࡢ㠃ࡽศ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢྠ୍ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡞つᐃ ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬㌟ࡶࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ ᛶࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖ࠾࠸ ⤫୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⮬❧ࡋ࡚ࡶ ࡚ࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠊࠕᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕᴫᛕࠖࡋ࡚ᥐᐃࡉ ࠸࡚ࠊࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 61
ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡼ ᴫᛕࡑࡢᐃᅾࡢ▩┪ࠊ≉Ṧᬑ㐢ࡢ▩┪ࡣࠊ ࡾ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ⥲యࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ⤫ ࡇほᛕࡢᅜ࠶ࡿࢹ⌧ᐇࡢ㛫ࡢ▩┪ ୍ᛶࡀኻࢃࢀࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࠺ࡋࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊேࡢほᐈほࡢ㛫ࡢ▩┪ ࡇࡇࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ▩┪ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ≀ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ࠺ࡕෆ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡇࢁࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖࡢጇᙜ ᅾࡍࡿ⌧ᐇࡢ▩┪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᛶព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉ ࡉ࡚ࠊࠕᐇ↛ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ㸦ಶู㸧ࡀ㸪 Ṧࠖࡣ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ ࠶ࡿࡁጼ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭࣭࣭ᙜⅭ㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ≀ࡢᴫᛕࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࠺㸦୍⮴ࡍࡿྰ㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊఱࡺ࠼ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ▩┪ࡼࡾࠊ⥲య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣయ 㸦ಶูࡢᒓᛶ࣭࣭࣭≉Ṧ㸧ࠊ࠶ࡿࡁጼ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭࣭࣭ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡶࡢⓎᒎ ᙜⅭ㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺㸦୍⮴ࡍࡿྰ㸧 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖ ࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ㏫ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᐇ ↛ุ᩿ࠖࡣࠕ↛ุ᩿ࠖ㌿ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ 㸴㸲ᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ ࠕᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࠖࡢෆᐜࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊ ↛ุ᩿ ࡞つᐃᛶ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧࡢ⤫୍ࡑࡢ▩┪㸧ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖ ࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࢆᐃ❧ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࡞ࡺ࠼ࠖࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࢆ ࡼࡾࠊุ᩿ࡣᑐ㇟ࡢᴫᛕⓗᢕᥱ࡞ࡿࠋ ᙉࡃồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᴾ ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࠖ➃ⓗᙇࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢᐇ↛ ᐇ↛ุ᩿ ุ᩿ࡣࠊࡑࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࡇࡢᐙࠖࡢᒓᛶ㸦≉Ṧ㸧 ࠕࡇࡢᐙࡣࡼ࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭࣭ࠖᴫᛕᐃᅾࡢ୍⮴࣭ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺ࡑࡢᑐࡢุ ୍⮴ࢆ⾲ࡍࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࠕ࡞ ᩿ࡶᑟࡃࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢᘬࡁୗࡆࡽ ࡺ࠼ࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࠖࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࢀࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡢᐙࠖ࠸࠺ࠕಶูࠖࡀࠊࠕᐙࠖ࠸࠺ࠕᬑ 㐢୍ࠖ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࡞࠸ࢆࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࠕࢃࡿ ☜↛ุ᩿ ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺㏙ㄒ࡛♧ࡍࠋ ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࡢᐙࡣࠊࡼ࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭ࠖ☜↛ุ᩿ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠕ୍ࡘࡢ≉Ṧࠖࡋ࡚Ꮡ ࡣࠊᐇ↛ุ᩿࠾࠸࡚Ḟࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ↛ุ᩿ࡼ ᅾࡋࠊࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡑࡢᙺࡸᶵ⬟ࡸព⩏ࢆ ࡗ࡚♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠊಶูᬑ㐢ࡢ୍⮴୍࣭⮴ࡢ᰿ ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ୍ࡘࡢಶูࡋ࡚⤫୍ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ᣐ㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡓุ᩿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᐙࠖࡢሙྜࡣࠊᐙ᪘ࡀࡃࡘࢁࡄࡇ ࠕࡇࡢࠖࡣࠊಶูᛶࢆ♧ࡋࠊࠕᐙࠖࡣࠊᬑ㐢ᛶ ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠕᒃ㛫ࠖࡀࠊࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྠࠊ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࡢࠖࡣ ࠕᐙࠖࢆࠕᐙࠖࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡶࡋࢀ ≉Ṧᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊࠕ࠶ࡿࡁጼࠖ㸦⌮࣭ᙜⅭ㸧 ࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࢆᣢࡘᐙࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠊ༢ ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇࡽ㞳ࢀࡓࢹ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᐇࡑࡢࡶ ࡞ࡿಶู࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢ᛶ࣭≉Ṧᛶ࣭ಶูᛶࡢ⤫ ࡢࡢ࠺ࡕ༶⮬ⓗ㸦₯ᅾⓗ㸧Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ୍య࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕᐙࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡿࡁࡶ ࡞ࡿࠋ⌮⌧ᐇࢆษࡾ㞳ࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ♧ࡋࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࠖࡣࠊ ᐇࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ⌮ࡑࡢᐇ⌧ࡢ᮲௳ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ ࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᬑ㐢ࠖ ࡃ࠸࠺ᛮࡀࡇࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⤫୍యࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࢆᣢ ⌮⌧ᐇࡢ▩┪ࠊᙜⅭ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢ▩┪ࠊ ࡘᐙࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠕಶู࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 62
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࡇࢀࡇࢀࡢᛶ≧ࠖ࠸࠺ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊ ཎືຊ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ୰࠶ࡿࠕㅖ≉ ᴫᛕࡢุ᩿ࡢ㏙ㄒㄒ㸦ಶู㸧ࡀࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕ Ṧࠖࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ┦౫Ꮡ㛵ಀྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࠊࡍ 㸦ලయⓗᬑ㐢㸧୍⮴ࡍࡿࡋ࡞࠸ࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵ ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕ▩┪ࠖࡶᤕ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ≀ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢศᯒ⥲ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊㄒ㏙ㄒࡀࠊྠࡌෆᐜࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡢጇᙜᛶព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≀ࡣࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࡶ ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡑࡢࠕⓎ⏕ྐࠖ㸦Ⓨᒎ㸧ࡶᤕ࠼ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡕࠊࠕᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡶࠊࡳࡎࡽࢆࠕ≉Ṧ ࠖࡋࠊࡑࡢㅖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⥲యࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡶ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ุ᩿ࡣ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢⓎ ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘࡢࠕ≉Ṧ࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠕල ᒎࡣࠊឤぬჾᐁ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡽࠊࡑ యⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ௳ᛶࢆࡂྲྀࡾࠊᮏ㉁ࠊᮏ㉁ࡽᴫᛕ ୍᪉ࠊ㏙ㄒࡢࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࠕ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠕṇࡋ࠸ࠖ ࠸࠺῝ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠࡲࡓࠊྛẁ㝵࠾ ➼ࠎࡢࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊࠕᙜⅭࠖ㸦࠶ࡿࡁጼ㸧ࢆ᰿ᗏ ࡅࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ༑ศᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡛ ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢᙜⅭᐃ᭷ࡢ୍⮴୍⮴ࢆ ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡶࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊඛ⾜ࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢᡂ ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏙ㄒࡢࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࡣࠊㄒ ᯝࡣྰᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᚋࡃ ࡢᛶ≧ࡢ࠺ࡕ᰿ᣐࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ ࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୍ዎᶵࡋ࡚ಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ุ᩿ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࡢ⾲㇟ࡢಶูᛶࡸල ࠕ⧅㎡ࠖࡢࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸࠊ↓ෆᐜ࡞ࡶࡢ యᛶࡽࠊศᯒࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ㉁ࡸᴫᛕࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊෆᐜࢆᣢࡗࡓᐇࡋࡓ⧅㎡࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡲࡓࠊ᭱ึ࠼ࡽࢀ ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢≉Ṧࠊᴫᛕᐃᅾࠊ ࡓಶูࢆࠊᮏ㉁ࡸᴫᛕࡽㄆ㆑ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀఱ࡛࠶ ᙜⅭ⌧ᐇࡢ▩┪ࡽࠊಶู㸦య㸧ࡢⓎᒎࡢ ࡗ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡢࡼ࠺⏕ࡌࠊ ཎ⌮ࡉ࠼᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨᒎᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡇࡀᤕࡽ ⥲ྜࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣࠊࠕᬑ ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㏣ᛮ⪃ⓗ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ 㐢ࠖࡼࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢ᰾ᚰ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᙧᘧㄽ⌮ ⮬㌟ࡶࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ⤫୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ Ꮫࠖࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢุ᩿ࡸ᥎⌮ࢆࠊ༢࡞ࡿᛮ⪃つ๎ ࡓ࠼ࡤ⏕ࢆ᰾㓟ࡸࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁➼ࡽࡑࡢ᭷ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᑐ㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎ ᶵⓗᵓ㐀ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊㅖ ࡢ㐣⛬㛵㐃ࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿ ࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ ࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ ⤫୍࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡽࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⮬❧ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࡚ࠊ 㐣⛬Ꮡᅾࡢ㐣⛬ࢆྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡸࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖྰᐃ ࡓࡵࠊࡓ࠸ࢇΰࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᴫᛕㅖつ ⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡼࡾ⤫୍ ᐃ㸦ᬑ㐢࣭≉Ṧ࣭ಶู㸧ࡸุ᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧࢆᑐ㇟ࡢ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ⥲యࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕಶูࠖࡢ⤫୍ᛶࡀ ㄆ㆑ࡢ῝࣭Ⓨᒎࡢ㐣⛬୍ࡘࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤕ࠼ ኻࢃࢀࠊㅖ≉Ṧ࠺ࡋࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ ࡓࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫ㸦ࠕㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ ࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ▩┪ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ㸧ࡣࠊࠕ⢭⚄⌧㇟Ꮫࠖࢆࡣࡿ㉸࠼ ࡇࡢ▩┪ࡼࡾࠊ⥲య㸦ಶู㸧ࡣయࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡀ༶⮬ⓗ㸦₯ᅾⓗ㸧ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡶࡢ ࡋࡋࠊ୍ࡘࡢಶูࡢ୰࠾࠸࡚ᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚ Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕ☜↛ุ᩿ࠖ ⤫୍ࡉࢀࡓㅖ≉Ṧࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ୍ಶࡢᬑ㐢࡛࠶ ࡢࠕᴫᛕᐃᅾࡢ▩┪࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ≀ ࡾࠊ⮬ᕫࡢ࠺ࡕㅖ≉Ṧࢆྵࡳ᭷ᶵⓗࡢ⤫୍ࡋ࡚ ࡢࠕⓎᒎࠖࡀㄽ⌮ⓗᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢ ࠸ࡿ⮬❧ⓗ࡞ಶู࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬❧ࡋ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 63
ࡓಶูࡋ࡚ࠊࡢ≉Ṧࡸᬑ㐢ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍ ᪉ἲࡢẁ㝵ⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠊศᯒ⥲ྜ ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊㄆ㆑ࡣࡉࡽ῝ࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࡣࡰ⤫୍ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ ≉Ṧ㸦ᬑ㐢࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾಶู࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸧ࡢෆ㒊ᵓ㐀 ࡼࡾࠊ᪂ࡓࠕ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࠖࡢᴫᛕࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀ ῝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡿ(ᅗ㸳)ࠋ 㸵ಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡀᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓᴫᛕࡸ ᅗ㸳 ▱㆑ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ
᭱ᚋࠊㄆ㆑యࡢಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡀࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ ㄆ㆑Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࡣࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡳ࡚ࡳࡓ ࠸ࠋ
ᅗ㸲
ࡇࡇ࡛ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕຊࠖ࠸࠺ࠕᐇయࠖ 㸦ࠕᐃゝุ᩿ࠖ┦ᙜ㸧ࠊࠕຊࠖࢆㅖຊ㸦ㅖ≉Ṧ㸧 ศᯒࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢാࡁ࠶࠺ᵓ㐀㸦ࠕ㑅ゝุ᩿ࠖ ┦ᙜ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊࠕ௬ゝุ᩿࡛ࠖࠊ㢼 ࣚࢵࢺࡢ㐠ືࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺࠼ ࠕⓑ࠸ᕹࡢࣚࢵࢺࡀ༡㢼ࢆཷࡅ࡚༡すࡢ᪉ྥ ࡛ࠊ㢼ࣚࢵࢺࡢ㐠ືࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ୰࠾ࡅࡿ 㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ(ᅗ㸲)ࠋ ඹ㏻ࡢᐇయᑐࡍࡿศᯒ㐍ࡳࠊࡉࡽࠊࡑࡢᐇ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠶ࡿேࡢಶูⓗ࡞⤒㦂࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆ యࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㅖせ⣲㸦≉Ṧ㸧ࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࡢࠊ ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕຊࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࡸ▱㆑ࡀ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺స⏝ࡋ࠶࠺ࡢ࠸࠺ࠕ㑅ゝุ ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊఱࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᩿ࠖ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࠕ࡞ࡐࠊࣚࢵࢺࡣ㢼ୖྥࡗ࡚㐍ࡴࡢ ࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊㄆ㆑⮬యࡀ⮬ື ࠖ࠸࠺ၥ㸦ࠕၥ㢟≧ἣࠖ㸧ࢆᣢࡘࡇࡀᚲせ ⓗ῝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༠ാⓗ࡞ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵࡣࠊ ᥈✲ࡢ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠕၥฟࡋࠖࡸࣇࢩࣜࢸ࣮ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⤒㦂▱㆑ࡀࡍ࡛⋓ᚓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢩࣙࣥࡼࡗ࡚፹ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁࠊඛ⾜▱㆑ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓែࢆࠕCausationࠖ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㅖ▱㆑ࠊᮏㄽ࡛㏙࡚ࡁࡓ ࡢほⅬࡽぢࡿࡇࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕ௬ ࡼ࠺࡞ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿࠋ ゝุ᩿ࠖྥ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕ㢼ୖࡽ㢼ࡀ྿࠸ ࠕ⤒㦂ࠖ㸦ࠕⓑ࠸ᕹࡢࣚࢵࢺࡀ༡㢼ࢆཷࡅ࡚༡す ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ཎᅉࠕࣚࢵࢺࡀ㢼ୖྥࡗ࡚㐍ࡴࠖ ࡢ᪉ྥ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࠖ㸧ࡽᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ▱㆑ ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡉࡽࠊࠕ࡞ࡐ ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤒ ࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࠖࡣ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ 㦂ࡣእ⏺ࡽࡢ่⃭ࢆឤぬჾᐁࡀཷࡅṆࡵࠊኚᙧ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕၥࠖྥࡗ࡚ࠊ᪤ᚓ▱㆑ࡢ୰ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆࠊᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ▱㆑ ࡽస⏝ࡍࡿຊࡢࡁࡉ᪉ྥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ ῝㸦ኚᙧ㸧ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊㄆ㆑యࡢస⏝࡛࠶ࡿ ࢆᡭ⧞ࡾᐤࡏ࡚ࠊࣚࢵࢺࡿຊࢆศᯒ㸫⥲ྜ ࡶࠊㄆ㆑యࡢෆ㒊᮲௳㸦᪤ᚓࡢ▱㆑࣭ᴫ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ▱㆑ࢆᡭ⧞ࡾᐤࡏ࡚ࡃ ᛕ࣭ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞⬟ຊ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿ㐣⛬㸦ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊᩍ⛉㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑ࡸ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠊᏛࡧࡢ⩦័ࢆᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺࡽ⾜ࡗ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 64
࡚࠸ࡓࡋࡓࡽࠊ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ㉥᪉೫⛣ PYP ࡢᴫᛕ㸦ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ ࡸ㟷᪉೫⛣࡞ࡢගࡢࢻࢵࣉ࣮ࣛຠᯝࠊ័ᛶ࣮ࣔ ࡢ㸧ࢆࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎ࣭῝ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ ࣓ࣥࢺࠊࡉࡽࡣࠊᚤศࡸ✚ศ➼ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊ ┦ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡸࠊయࡢ୰࡛⨨ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ 㸦⣲ᆅ㸧ࢆᅛࡵࠊⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀヨࡳࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ㄆ㆑ࡢ㐍࣭Ⓨᒎ㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡓศ㢮ࡸ⨨࡙ࡅࡀ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢሙྜ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊ᪤ᚓࡢ▱㆑ࡽ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ู࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࠊࡁࡕࢇ ࡋࡓㄽ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ 㸶PYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ⨨࡙ࡅ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶูⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡣࠊඛ⾜▱㆑ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ 㛵ࡋ࡚ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᴫᛕࡸㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊ ᬑ㐢ᛶࡸᚲ↛ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ῝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑ ࠕඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࠖࢆࠊㄆ㆑ࡢ῝Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸ┤᥋⤒㦂࠼ࡽࢀࡓᑐ㇟ ࢭࢫࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆ ࡢጼ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ㉁ࠊἲ๎ࡸᴫᛕࡀᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶ ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㅖᴫᛕࡣᑐ㇟ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(ト 10) ᤕ࠼ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢࠊ ㄽ⌮ⓗ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡸุ᩿࣭᥎⌮࠸ࡗࡓᛮ⪃ࡢ ㄆ㆑ࡢⓎᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ࠊྛᴫᛕࡣࡢᴫᛕ ㅖᙧᘧࡣࠊே㢮ࡀᗄ༓ᖺࡶࢃࡓࡿ㛗࠸㛫ࡓ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ➼ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿ ࠸ࢇ࡞㔞ࡢ⤒㦂ⓗㄆ㆑ࢆ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛗࠸ ࡓࡵࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕุ᩿ㄽࠖࢆࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⤒㦂 ᮇ㛫ࢃࡓࡿே㛫ࡢࠊࣜࡢṌࡳࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡺࡗࡃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࠊᮏ㉁ࠊ ࡾࡋࡓศᯒ⥲ྜࡼࡾࠊᏑᅾࡸ㐠ື୍⯡ࡢᮏ ᮏ㉁ࡽᴫᛕⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫࡋ࡚ ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀࠊ᭱ࡶᢳ㇟ⓗ࡛ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ゝㄒ ᥈✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡋ࡚✚ࡉࢀᵓ㐀ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ ࡋࡋࠊࡲࡔࠊㅖุ᩿ᙧᘧࡢ୰ࠊPYP ࡢࠕ ᴫ ࡽࠊ༢࣭ࣉࣜ࢜ࣜ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡣ࠸࠼࡞ ᛕࠖࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ఱࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀఱࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ ࣀ࣮࣒࣭ࢳ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡣࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖࢆே㛫 ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠺㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊPYP ௨እ ඛぢⓗഛࢃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ ࡢࡢᴫᛕࡢ㛵ಀࡣ࠺࡞ࡢࢆ᫂ࡽࡍ ࡣࠊே㛫ࡢࠕ㢮ⓗᮏᛶࠖᒓࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃ ࡿ᥈✲ࡣࡇࢀࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ㢮ⓗᮏᛶࠖࡀࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ ᚋࡢ◊✲ࡢᣦ㔪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡤࠊࢳ ᩿ࡢㅖᙧᘧᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖࡀࠕゎ๗Ꮫࠖ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸶ࡘࡢᴫᛕࡢᑐ↷ࢆᅗᘧⓗ ࡑࡢࠕⓎ⏕Ꮫࠖࢆே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡲࡾ㛵㐃ࡅ ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ๓ࠊࠕMaking ࡚᥈✲ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ the PYP happenࠖࡅࡿ㸶ࡘࡢᴫᛕࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ ぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ
ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 65
ᵮᵷᵮᴾᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾ
ᵤᶍᶐᶋᴾ ࢟˳ᴾ
ᚇὸᴾᴾٳᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ What is it like?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊỄỉợạễờỉẦᵝί
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that everything has a ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ɟЏỉờỉỊẆᚇݑẰủẆᛐᜤẰủẆẸỉཎࣉửᛟଢ
form with recognizable features that can be ob- ẰủẆЎẰủạỦợạễẆᙸềỪẦỦཎࣉửờẾẺɟếỉ࢟७ử
served, identified, described and categorized.ᴾ ਤẾềẟỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆᚇ ability to observe, identify, describe ݑẲẆᛐᜤẲẆᛟଢẲίཎࣉửᡓỔὸẆЎẴỦᏡщỊẆẴỔềỉ ỎỉؕᄽỂẝỦܖand categorize is fundamental to human learning ᅹỉϋỆẝỦểӷỆᅹử್ૺẴỦẆʴ᧓ỉ
within and across all disciplines.ᴾ ểẟạẮểẦỤỂẝỦẇᴾᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Properties, structure, similarities, differences, ࣭ ཎࣱẆನᡯẆ˩ࣱẆႻᢌࣱẆಮࡸᴾ
pattern ᴾ
ᵤᶓᶌᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ೞᏡί˺ဇὸᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ How does it work?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊỄỉợạỆೞᏡί˺ဇὸẴỦẦᴾ ᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that everything has a ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ɟЏỉờỉỊẆႸႎẆࢫлẆẝỦẟỊẆѣẨ૾ửਤẾề
purpose, a role or a way of behaving that can be ấụẆẸẲềẸủỤỊᛦỔỦẮểầỂẨỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾ investigated.ᴾ ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because the ೞᏡởẆࢫлởẆ˺ဇởẆờỉỉೞᏡỉˁ૾ửЎௌẴỦᏡщỊẆ
ability to analyse function, role, behaviour and the ẴỔềỉᅹỉϋỆẝỦểӷỆᅹử್ૺẴỦẆʴ᧓ỉܖỎỉ ways in which things work is fundamental to ؕᄽỂẝỦểẟạẮểẦỤỂẝỦẇᴾᴾ learning within and across all disciplines.ᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ˺ဇίѣ˺ὉӒࣖὸẆॖ࣬ျᡫẆಮࡸẆࢫлẆኵጢί˳ኒὸᴾ
Behaviour, communication, pattern, role, systems.ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ
ᵡᵿᶓᶑᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ׆ௐ᧙̞ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ Why is it like it is?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ễặẆẮủỊẮỉợạễờỉễỉẦᵝᴾᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that things do not ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ʙཋỊẆʻộẰỆឪẮẾềẟỦỉỂỊễẪίႺႎỆ܍
ẲềẟỦỉỂỊễẪὸẆẟềẟỦ׆ௐ᧙̞ầẝỦẆ˺ဇỊኽௐנ just happen, that there are causal relationships at
work, and that actions have consequences.ᴾ ίࢨ᪪ὸửဃớểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆ importance of prompting students to ask “Why?” δᇜὉဃࢻỆẐễặẑểբỪẶỦợạᛔݰẴỦẮểỉᙲࣱẆδᇜὉ and of helping them to recognize that actions and ဃࢻầẆ˺ဇểЈஹʙỆỊҾ׆ểኽௐầẝỦểẟạẮểửᛐᜤẴỦ events have reasons and consequences. The analy- Ắểử̟ẴẮểỉᙲࣱẦỤỂẝỦẇ׆ௐ᧙̞ỉЎௌỊẆẴỔềỉ sis of causal relationships is significant within and ᅹỉϋỆ૿ẟềờᅹửộẺ್ỆếễẫɥỂờᙲỂẝỦẦỤ
across all disciplines.ᴾ ỂẝỦẇᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Consequences, sequences, pattern, impact.ᴾ ኽௐẆᡲዓࣱẆಮࡸẆࢨ᪪ᴾ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 66
ᴾ҄٭ ᵡᶆᵿᶌᶅᶃ
ẴỦỉẦᵝᴾᴾ҄٭ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌHow is it changing? ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊẆỄạ
ểỊẆẝỦཞ७ẦỤ˂ỉཞ७ồỉѣẨỉᢅᆉỂẝ҄٭ DefinitionThe understanding that change is the ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ process of movement from one state ỦểẟạʕᚐẇẮủỊ୍ᢄႎỂẝỦểӷỆ࣏ႎỂờẝỦẇᴾᴾ
٭to another. It is universal and inevitable. ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆẸủί
ẴỦཋὸỉ୍ᢄႎễཎࣉỉợạễờỉẻẬנ܍ᎍίנ܍ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃ This concept was selected, not only be- ҄ὸầɟЏỉ cause it is such a universal feature of all existence, ỂễẪẆẸủầδᇜὉဃࢻẺẼỆᨥႎễ࣎ನảửႆᢋẰẶỦẮểể
עႎẆ؏עbut also because it has particular relevance to stu- ᧙̞ầẝỦẦỤỂẝỦẇẸẲềẆẮỉᨥႎễ࣎ನảỊẆ ỉἬὊἋầᡮộẾềẟẪểẮỨỉẐɭမẑỉ҄٭dents developing international-mindedness who are ྶἾἫἽႎẆɲ૾Ểỉ growing up in a world in which the pace of change, ɶỂᧈẲềẟỦẇᴾ both local and global, is accelerating. ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
࢟ᴾ٭ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑ ᢘࣖẆᧈẆࣅẆᡲዓẆ
Adaptation, growth, cycles, sequences, transfor- mation. ᴾ
ᵡᶍᶌᶌᶃᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᧙̞ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ How is it connected other ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẮủỊẆ˂ỉờỉểỄỉợạỆ᧙̞Ẳềẟ things? ỦẦᵝᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that we live in a ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᅶẺẼỊẆỄỮễ̾Кႎễᙲእờ˂ỉờỉỆࢨ᪪ửɨ world of interacting systems in which the actions ảỦợạễႻʝ˺ဇẴỦẺẪẰỮỉἉἋἘἲỉɶỂဃẨềẟỦểẟạ of any individual element affect others.ᴾ ʕᚐẇᴾᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉợạễྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆᖎ
ẴỦờỉỊễẪẆớẲỨɟЏỉờỉỊɟếỉἉἋἘἲỆנ܍importance of appreciating that nothing exists in a ỉɶỆ ẲềẟỦẇἉἋἘἲỉɶỉẆẝỦẟỊẆἉἋἘנ܍vacuum but, rather, as an element in a system; that ấẬỦᙲእểẲề ӳᙐᩃỂẝỦẇἉἋἘἲỉẆẝỦɟ᩿ỆấẬئẪỉٶthe relationships within and among systems are ἲ᧓ỉ᧙̞ỊẆ ỊẆႺႎỆỊᙸảễẪểờẆί˂ỆݣẲềὸࢨ᪪ửਤếỂẝỨ҄٭often complex, and that changes in one aspect of a Ủ system will have consequences, even through ạẇႺႎỂẝỨạểẆ̾ʴႎἾἫἽỂẝỨạểẆẝỦẟỊẆؾểσ ỉἾἫἽỂẝỨạểẆᅶẺẼỊẆᐯЎܭễൿٻthese nay not be immediately apparent; that we ӷ˳Ệࢨ᪪ửɨảỦᢒ must consider the impact of our actions on others, ỉᘍໝỉ˂ᎍồỉࢨ᪪ử༌ॾẲễẬủịễỤễẟẇᴾᴾ whether at the immediate, personal level or at the ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ level of far-reaching decisions affecting environ- ኵጢẆ᧙̞Ẇዡཞኵጢ˳ẆँࣱࠝẆႻʝ̔܍ࣱᴾ ment and communities.
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Systems, relationship, networks, homeostasis, in- terdependence ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 67
ᵮᶃᶐᶑᶎᶃᶁᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾ ᚇໜᴾ
ᵩᶃᶗᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾWhat are the points of view? ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾᴾᚇໜểỊễỆẦᵝᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌThe understanding that knowledge is ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ჷᜤỊẆᚇໜỆợẾềᙹܭẰủỦểẟạʕᚐẇီễỦ
moderated by perspectives; different㻌 perspectives ᚇໜỊẆီễỦᚐẆီễỦྸᚐẆီễỦႆᙸỆếễầỦẇᚇໜ lead to different interpretations, understandings ỊẆ̾ʴႎẆᨼׇႎẆ૨҄ႎẆẝỦẟỊẆᅹႎỂẝỦẇᴾ
and findings;㻌 perspectives may be individual, ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇδᇜὉဃࢻỉẆҥኝ group, cultural or disciplinary. ҄ỉዌỆӼẦạൢឋỉḘẮủỊίờỉỉὸᚐỆؕỀẟềẟỦ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾThis concept was selected because of the ὊẆ˂ỉᚇໜửẲ൭ỜẆขẪᎋảỦẮểỆӼẦạൢឋỉẆẸẲềẆ
compelling need to develop in㻌 students the ദ࢘ểᛐỜỤủỦᚐỉႆޒỆӼẦạൢឋỉႆỉởớỆởộủ
disposition towards rejecting simplistic, biased ệ࣏ᙲࣱỂẝỦẇᴾ
interpretations,㻌 towards seeking and considering ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
the points of view of others, and towards㻌 ɼᚇࣱẆჇܱẆ̮ࣞẆॖᙸẆέλᚇί͞ᙸὸᴾᴾ
developing defensible interpretations.ᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾ ᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Subjectivity, truth, beliefs, opinion, prejudice ᴾ
ᵰᶃᶑᶎᶍᶌᶑᶇᶀᶇᶊᶇᶒᶗᴾ ᝧ˓ᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ What is our responsibility?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ẉỉᝧ˓ỊỄỉợạễờỉẦᵝᴾᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌ ᴾ ᴾ The understanding that people make ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ʴẉỊẆᐯỤỉྸᚐỆؕỀẨᢠ৸ửᘍạểẟạẮểỉ
choices based on their understandings, and the ྸᚐểẆʴẉầኽௐểẲềᢠốᘍໝỊẆί̾ʴ᧓ỆὸႻᢌửဃỚЈ actions they take as a result do make a difference.ᴾ Ẵểẟạểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected because of the ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ẮỉಒࣞỊẆഏỉྸဌỂᢠịủẺẇẴễỪẼẆδᇜὉ
need to develop in students the disposition towards ဃࢻỉɶỆẆᐯЎầࡽẨӖẬỦᝧ˓ểӼẦẟẝạൢឋểẆᅈ˟ႎ identifying and assuming responsibility, and to- ễᝧ˓ỉẝỦᘍѣửểỦ૾ӼỆӼẦạൢឋểửႆޒẰẶỦ࣏ᙲࣱ wards taking socially responsible action. This con- ẦỤỂẝỦẇẮỉಒࣞỊẆẐᘍໝẑểႺếễầẾềẟỦẇẐᘍໝẑ cept is directly linked to the action component, one ỊẆನᙲእḘᵮᵷᵮ ỉỽἼỿἷἻἲỉஜឋႎễᙲእỉọểếὊỂ of the essential elements in the ẝỦẇᴾ PYP curriculum.ᴾ ᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
Rights, citizenship, values, justice, initiative.ᴾ ദ፯ẆࠊൟೌẆ̖͌ẆദወࣱίπദὸẆɼݰೌᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 68
ᵰᶃᶄᶊᶃᶁᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ӒႾί࣬ᎋỆݣẴỦὸḘᐯࠁॖᜤᴾ
ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ How do we know?ᴾ ᶉᶃᶗᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᴾᶏᶓᶃᶑᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ᅶẺẼỊỄỉợạỆẲềჷỦỉẦᵝᴾᴾ
ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ The understanding that there are differ- ᵢᶃᶄᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ᴾ ჷỦẺỜỉီễẾẺ૾ඥầẝỦểẟạẮểỉྸᚐẇẝ ent ways of knowing, and that it is important to ỦẟỊẆỪủỪủỉኽᛯửӒႾẴỦẮểởẆỪủỪủỉ࣬ᎋỉ૾ reflect on our conclusions, to consider our methods ඥởẆỪủỪủỉợẪᎋảẺఌਗ˄Ậỉឋểദࣱ࢘ểửẆ༌ᎋẴỦ of reasoning, and the quality and the reliability of ẮểầᙲỂẝỦểẟạʕᚐẇᴾᴾ the evidence we have considered. ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ ႻʝỆ᧙̞ẲẺẆᡲዓẴỦ࣬ᎋỆểẾề࣏ᙲẻẦỤẆ
ᵰᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᶃᴾ ᴾ This concept was selected for a series of ẮỉಒࣞầᢠịủẺẇẮỉಒࣞỊẆδᇜὉဃࢻửẲềẆࢬỤỉίဇ interrelated reasons. It challenges the students to ẲẺὸఌਗởίࢬỤỉ࣬ᎋỉὸ૾ඥởẆίࢬỤỉɦẲẺὸኽᛯửች௹Ẵ examine their evidence, methods and conclusions. ỦẮểỆਪộẶỦẇẸạẴỦẮểỂẆδᇜὉဃࢻỉ࣬ᎋửẆἳἑᛐᜤ
In doing so, it extends their thinking into the higher ᛯỉợụ᭗ẟኵỚỆộỂ˦ịẲẆီễẾẺᅹỆ૿ẟềẆẐჷỦẑ
ỜẆẰỤڼorder of metacognition, begins to acquaint them ểẟạẮểầỄạẟạẮểửॖԛẴỦẦẆδᇜὉဃࢻỆả
ႎễέλᚇί͞ᙸὸẆẝỦẟỊẆ˂ỉנwith what it means to know in different disciplines, Ệఌਗửች௹ẴỦểẨỆẆ and encourages them to be rigorous in examining ɧദᄩẰỆẆδᇜὉဃࢻầӈỂẝỦợạỆẲớẬỦẇᴾᴾ ᴾ ᴾ evidence for potential bias or other inaccuracy.ᴾ ᴾ ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾᶍᶄᴾᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ
ᵣᶖᵿᶋᶎᶊᶃᶑᴾ ᶍᶄᴾ ᶐᶃᶊᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾ ᶁᶍᶌᶁᶃᶎᶒᶑᴾ Review, interpretation, ϐ౨᚛ίਰụᡉụὸẆᚐẆఌਗẆᝧ˓Ẇ˺ဇίѣ˺ὉӒࣖὸᴾ evidence, responsibility, behavior.ᴾ
(International BaccalaureateࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ pp.18-20 ) ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 69
ࡇࢀᇶ࡙ࡁࠊุ᩿ㄽࡢㅖᙧᘧᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡇ࠺ぢࡿࠊPYP ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࡀ ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ ࡓ࠸ࢇࡣࡗࡁࡾࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᑐ㇟ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ㅖᴫᛕࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ┦ࡢ⦪࣭ᶓ࣭ᩳ ᵝ┦ࢆᤕ࠼ࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ≉ࠊࠕᐇయࠖࠕᵓ ࡵࡢ㐃㛵ࢆࠊᑐ㇟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ῝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ 㐀㺁(᭷ᶵⓗ㛵ಀ)ࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕᴫᛕ⨨ࠖࡀࡓ࠸ ࡢ୰࡛᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊPYP ࢇ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡢᴫᛕ-᧯స࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᤕ࠼ࡁࡿࡇ ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡢㅖᙧ ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᵝ┦ࡶぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ᘧࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ┦ࡢ㐃㛵ࡽࠊᅜ㝿 ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ㸶ࡘࡢࠕConceptsࠖࡣࠊࠕᐃゝุ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 70
᩿ࠖ㸦ࠕᐇయࠖࡢㄆ㆑㸧┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ స⏝㸦interaction㸧ࢆཎ⌮ࡍࡿ᥈✲ࢆᵓࡋࡓࠋ ࡣࠊࠕChangeࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀࠊࡑࡢᙺࢆ㈇࠺ᚲ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ⮬㌟ࡶࠊ≀ࢆᐇయⓗぢࡿ せࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ࠕᵓ㐀ࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠕ㑅 ࡇࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ゝุ᩿ࠖ┦ᙜࡍࡿᴫᛕ⨨ࡶ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡋࡋࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࡣṧࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊࠕほᛕࠖ ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ㏙ࡣࠊḟࡢᶵ⾜࠸ࡓ ࢆ௳ࡋ࡚๓ᥦࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᏛ⩦⪅ఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ ࠸ࠋ㸧 ࢆᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕほᛕࠖࢆࠊ ࠕChangeࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀࠕ௬ゝุ᩿ࠖ┦ᙜ ே㛫⮬ࡽ࡞ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊࡘ࡞ࡋ࠺ࡿάືࡢᡤ⏘ ࡍࡿࡇࡣㄡ࡛ࡶ⣡ᚓࡢ࠸ࡃࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ ⪃࠼ࡿࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊ≉ࠊ⌧ ࡋࠊࠕChangeࠖࡀᐃゝุ᩿ࡅࡿࠕᐇయࠖࢆᤕ ᐇࡢ୰ࡽࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆษࡾྲྀࡾࠊゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊ ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ㐪ឤࢆぬ࠼ࡿྥࡁࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ ே㛫ࡗ࡚ࢇ࠺ษ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⮬ࡽࡾ ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⚾ࡀࠊᩒ࠼࡚ ࡔࡍ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡗ࡚ࠊࡓ࠸ ࠕChangeࠖࢆࠕᐇయࠖࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕᴫᛕࠖᣢࡗ ࢇࡁ࡞ព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠺వᆅࡀ࡞ ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸ࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕᐇయࠖࡣࠊኚࡢ୰࠶ࡗ࡚ኚ ࡉࡽࠊࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡣࠊ㸶 ࢃࡽࡊࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊㅖ⌧㇟ࡀࡑࢀ࡞ࡋ࡛ ࡘࡢ Concepts ࢆ௨ࡗ࡚⤊ࢃࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡣᏑᅾࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᬑ㐢ࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ Concept ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢࠕrelated ࡗ࡚ࠊኚࡸከᵝᛶࢆᤕ࠼ࡿࠕChangeࠖ࠾࠸ conceptࠖࡢ⏝ࢆㄆࡵࡓ⮬⏤ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࠸࡚ࠕኚࢃࡽࡊࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࠖࢆᢕᥱ ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋConcepts ࢆᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ ࡍࡿࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕᣑゎ㔘ࠖ ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢ⬟ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠊࠕChangeࠖ ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡶࠊPYP ⮬యࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕrelated concept ࠖࡋ࡚ ࡿࡓࡵࡶࠊࠕrelated conceptࠖࡢ㐺ษ࡞⏝ ࠕSubstanceࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺⪃࠼ ࡑࡢ◊✲ࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࡞ࡐࠊPYP ࡛ࡣࠊࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡣࠊึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ ㉁ࠖ࡞ࡢࠕᴫᛕࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ ⏝࠸ࡿᴫᛕࡢ࠸᪉ࢆࡼࡾ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓ ࠺ࠋࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡅࡿࠕKey ࡵࡶࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᴫᛕࢆ࠺⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ Conceptsࠖࡢㄝ᫂࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕrelated ࡚┦⿵ࢃࡏࡿࡢࠊࡉࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆ⿵ࡍ conceptsࠖ࠸࡚ࡉ࠼ࠕᐇయࠖࡸࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࡣ⤂ ࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵㐃ᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡽࡼ࠸ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶࠊࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇࡣࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢㄢ㢟ࡴࡅ࡚ࡉࡽ᥈✲ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿỴព࡛ ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗ㝈ࡽࡎࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ ࠶ࡿࠋ ⤒㦂ࢆ၏୍ࡢᐇᅾ⪃࠼ࡿࠕ⤒㦂ㄽࠖࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࣒࣭࢘ࣜࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬࡣࠊࠕ⣧ ト ⢋ᣢ⥆ࠖࡸࠕ⣧⢋ព㆑ࠖࡢ᰿※ᛶࢆᙇࡍࡿࣥ ࣭ࣜ࣋ࣝࢡࢯࣥࡸࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ㢟ࢆࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ 㸦ト 1㸧ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢึ➼ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞᶵᵓ㸦ᮏ㒊ࢪࣗࢿ࣮ࣈ㸧ࡀᥦ౪ 㢟㑏ඖࡋࠊព㆑ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓ≀㉁ࡢᏑᅾࢆࠕᙧ ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ ⪋ୖᏛࠖࡋ࡚㏥ࡅࡓ࣮࢘ࣥᏛᅋ➼ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀㄆ 㸦IB㸸International Baccalaureate㸧ࡣࠊ1968 ᖺࠊࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ‶ࡕࡓ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ࡢඛ㥑⪅ࡣࠊ ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺ࡢ」㞧ࡉࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡇᑐ ฎ࡛ࡁࡿ⏕ᚐࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࠊ⏕ᚐᑐࡋࠊᮍ᮶㈐௵ ࢲ࣮࢘ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪ࡽࠊ⎔ቃே㛫ࡢ┦ ࠶ࡿ⾜ືࢆࡿࡓࡵࡢែᗘࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟ࡅ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 71
ࡉࡏࡿࡶࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ㏻⏝ࡍࡿᏛධᏛ㈨᱁ 㸦ト4 㸧 PYP ࡢ Concept ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᏛࡧ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ key 㸦ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ㈨᱁㸧ࢆ࠼ࠊᏛ㐍Ꮫࡢࣝ questionࠖ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࣮ࢺࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚タ⨨ࠋ ࠕFunctionࠖ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕࡇࢀࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࡣࡓࡽ ⌧ᅾࠊㄆᐃᰯᑐࡍࡿඹ㏻࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢసᡂ ࡃࡢࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡸࠊୡ⏺ඹ㏻ࡢᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞヨ㦂ࠊᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟ ࡇࡢࡇࢆࠕMaking the PYP happen࡛ࠖࡣḟ ࣞ㈨᱁ࡢᤵ➼ࢆᐇࠋ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᣢࡗ ࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡓேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᖺ㱋ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ௨ The concepts that are central to the curricu- ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᥦ౪ࠋᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 1 lum are presented in the form of key questions. ᪥⌧ᅾࠊୡ⏺ 140 ௨ୖࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࠊ4,344 ᰯ㸦᪥ It is these questions, used flexibly by teachers ᮏᅜෆ㸸35 ᰯ㸧࠾࠸࡚ᐇࠋ and students when planning an inquiry-based 1ࠊࣉ࣐࣮࣭࣮ࣛࣜࣖࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦PYP㸧 unit, that shape that unit, giving it direction ࠙1,323 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸19 ᰯ)ࠚ3 ṓ㹼12 ṓࢆᑐ and purpose. It is in this sense that the key questions, and the concepts to which they re- ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊ⢭⚄㌟యࡢ୧᪉ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿࡇ late, are said to drive the PYP curriculum. ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゝㄒ࡛ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ୰ᚰ࠶ࡿࠕㅖᴫᛕࠖࡣࠕ࣮࣭࢟ ࡶᥦ౪ྍ⬟ࠋ ᖺタ⨨ࠋ 1997 ࢡ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢᙧ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ 2ࠊ࣑ࢻ࣭࣮ࣝࣖࢬ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦MYP㸧 ࡞ࠕ㉁ၥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᥈✲ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ ࠙1,219 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸9 ᰯ)ࠚ11 ṓ㹼16 ṓࢆᑐ ࡓ༢ඖࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿࡁࠊᩍᖌඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡼࡗ ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊ㟷ᑡᖺࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦♫ ࡚ᰂ㌾⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢ༢ඖࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡾࠊࡑࡢ༢ ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆᏛࡤࡏࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠋࡢࡼ࠺ ඖ᪉ྥᛶ┠ⓗࢆ࠼ࡿࠕ㉁ၥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ ࡞ゝㄒ࡛ࡶᥦ౪ྍ⬟ࠋ1994 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ ࢀࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࡞࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ 3ࠊࢹࣉ࣐࣭ࣟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦DP㸧 ࠙2,918 ࠕ࣮࣭࢟ࢡ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠖࠕㅖᴫᛕࠖࡣࠊ3<3 ᰯ (ᅜෆ㸸26 ᰯ)ࠚ16 ṓ㹼19 ṓࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇࢆ௵ົࡍࡿࠊ࠸ ࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡾࠊᡤᐃࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ ࠺ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 2 ᖺ㛫ᒚಟࡋࠊ᭱⤊ヨ㦂ࢆ⤒࡚ᡤᐃࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ ࡵࡿࠊᅜ㝿ⓗㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿᏛධᏛ㈨᱁ 㸦ト 5㸧PYP ࡢ Concept-based-learning ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ 㸦ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ㈨᱁㸧ࡀྲྀᚓྍ⬟ࠋཎ๎ ࡿඵࡘࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢶࢆㄆ㆑ࡢ῝༶ࡋ࡚㛵㐃 ࡋ࡚ࠊⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒཪࡣࢫ࣌ࣥㄒ࡛ᐇ ࡅࡿ◊✲ࡣࡢࡇࢁぢࡘࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࠾ ࠋ 1969 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ ࡑࡽࡃ PYP ࡢṔྐࡀኚ▷࠸(ጞࡲࡗࡓࡢࡀ㸯㸷 4ࠊ࢟ࣕࣜ㛵㐃ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦CP㸧 ࠙ 77 ᰯ(ᅜ 㸷㸵ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿ)ࡓࡵࠊᐇ㊶ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢࡾ㏉ࡾࡀ ෆ㸸-ᰯ)ࠚ16㹼19 ṓࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚⏕ᾭࡢ࢟ࣕ ࠸ࡲࡔ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺⪃࠼ ࣜᙧᡂᙺ❧ࡘࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࠊ ࡿࠋ ࢟ࣕࣜᩍ⫱࣭⫋ᴗᩍ⫱㛵㐃ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࢆࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ⣧⢋ᝅᛶᴫᛕ ࣒ࠋ୍㒊⛉┠ࡣⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒཪࡣࢫ࣌ ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ୰ ࣥㄒ࡛ᐇࠋ2012 ᖺタ⨨ࠋ (௨ୖࠊᩥ⛉┬ ᮧᜨᏊẶࡢࠕᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᵓᡂ⩏ࠖ(ࠕ⌧௦♫ ࡢㄝ᫂ࡼࡾ) ᩥ◊✲ࠖ2001 No.21)࡞ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊᵓᡂ⩏ࡢᩍ⫱⌮ㄽࡣࠊࣦࢦࢶ࣮࢟ࡸࣆ 㸦ト 2㸧ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ ࢪ࢙ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣗࡸࣦ࣮ࣝࢼ࣮ࢆ⌮ㄽ ᅜ㝿ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞࡢࠊPYPࠊMYPࠊDPࠊIBCC ࡢ ⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊඛ⾜▱㆑ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ㄆ 4 ࡘࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ PYP ࡢ࢞ࢻ ㆑ࡸᛮ⪃ࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡛ኚ㔜せ࡛ࡣ ࣛࣥࠋ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᴫᛕ⮬యࡢ◊✲ࡣ╔ᡭࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࡢࡍ࡚ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠕᩍ⛉ᶓ᩿ ࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡢ᥈✲ᆺᏛ⩦࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ⮬యࡀࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ PYP ࡣࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࠊඵࡘࡢࢥࣥ ⣧⢋ᝅᛶᴫᛕ(࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ)ྠᵝ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࢭࣉࢶࠊ✀㢮ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢬࠊែᗘࠊ⾜ືࡢࡘࡢ ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀඛ㦂ⓗே㛫ഛࢃࡗ ᇶᮏせ⣲ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᖐ⤖࡞ ࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖࡣࡑࡢヲ⣽ࢆㄝ᫂ ࡿࡢࡶࠊࡇࡢ᪉㠃ࡢ◊✲ࡢ㐜ࢀࡢ୍ᅉ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻ࡛ࣛࣥ࠶ࡿࠋ ⚾⮬㌟ࡣࠊࢳ࣒ࣙࢫ࣮࢟ࡢࠕᬑ㐢ᩥἲࠖྠᵝࠊ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘඛぢⓗ࡞㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪉㠃ࡢ 㸦ト 3㸧ᵓᡂ⩏ࡢ᪉ἲ ◊✲ࡣࠊṊ⏣୍༤Ặࡀ၏≀ㄽࡢほⅬࡽ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ୕Ꮿ࡞ࡳẶࡢᥦၐࡍࡿࠊࠕ▱㆑ᵓᡂᆺࢪࢢࢯ ࡿࡢࡀ⯆ࢆᘬࡃ(ࠕ⌧௦၏≀ㄽࡢㄆ㆑ㄽⓗᯟ⤌ ࣮ἲࠖ࠸࠺ᆺࢆࡗࡓඹྠᏛ⩦ࡸࠊࡲࡎ⏕ᚐࡓ ࡳࠖ ၏≀ㄽ༠⦅ ࠗ၏≀ㄽ◊✲ᖺㄅ࠘ 2003 ࡕࡀ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬⩦ࡋࠊᩍᐊ࡛ࡢᤵᴗ㛫ࡣࠊ ➨ 8 ྕ㸧 ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀண⩦࡛ᚓࡓ▱㆑ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆ ゎỴࡍࡿࠕ㌿ᤵᴗࠖ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ 㸦ト 6㸧࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞࡴ◊✲ࡣࡍ ᩍ⛉ࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᏛຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྂ࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊᯇᮧ୍ேẶ ࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࡀᩍ⛉ࡢᯟෆࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡢࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮ᏛࠖࡸᑎἑᜏಙẶࡢࠕᘚドἲⓗ ࡸࠊ⋓ᚓࡍࡁᴫᛕⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡀ᫂♧ ㄽ⌮Ꮫヨㄽࠖ➼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࠊࢫ࢟ࣝࢬࡀᩚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࢆṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊࡲࡎࡑࢀࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗ ࡇ࡞࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࢆ㔜どࡋࡓᯇᮧẶࡢ⌮ㄽࡸࠊྠᵝ ࡢほⅬࡽ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࢆ◊✲ࡋࠊ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 72
࣮ࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢጇᙜᛶ㝈⏺㛵㐃ࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡀࠊ⤒῭Ꮫࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢ▱㆑㏻ ࡋࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲࡢඃࢀࡓⅬࢆᯒฟࡋࡓぢ ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࢆ⌮ゎ ⏣▼Ặ㕥ᮌⱱẶࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᙼࡽࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ◊ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡢ㛵 ✲⪅ࡓࡕࡢᡂᯝࢆኚព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ಀࢆṇ☜⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡶࠊᙼࡢࠕලయⓗ ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ⌮ゎࡢࠕṇ☜ࡉࠖࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ 㸦ト 7㸧ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢලయⓗᬑ 㐢ࡢΰྠࠖࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄝ᫂ࡶ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦ト 9㸧㔞ᏊຊᏛࡢ◊✲ᖖࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࢃࡿၥ㢟ࡢࡦ ࠕࠗᬑ㐢࠘ࡣ⡆༢ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᙜヱୡ⏺ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢ ࡘࠊࠕ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂࣈࣝࠖࠊࠕస⏝⣲ࠖࠊࠕ≧ែ࣋ࢡࢺ ≀ࢆ⤫ᣓࡍࡿయ⪅ࢆពࡋࠊࡑࡢୡ⏺ࡢࡍ ࣝࠖࢆᘔࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㛵ಀ ࡚ࡢ≀ࡢ࡞ࡑࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᨭ㓄ࡀ☜ㄆ 㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊࠕᐈほࡢస⏝ࡣほࡢෆ ࡉࢀࡿ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(ᓥᓮ㝯ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝᘚドἲ㏆ 㒊᮲௳ࡼࡾኚᙧࡉࢀ࡚ᫎࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ほⅬ ௦ㄆ㆑ࠖᮍ᮶♫ p.248)ᓥᓮ㝯Ặࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡽࠊ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ⏫⏣ⱱẶࡢ⪃࠼㈶ྠࡍࡿࠋ⏫⏣ ࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋලయⓗᬑ Ặࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㐢ࡣ⮬ࡽ⮬ᕫࢆ≉Ṧࡋࡘࡘࡑࡇ࠾࠸࡚⮬ᕫ⮬ ࠕ࣭࣭࣭࣭⾲㇟ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢᢕᥱᮏ㉁ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ ㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ≉Ṧࡢ࠺ ᢕᥱࡣࠊ㔞Ꮚㄽࡢࡤ࠶࠸ࠊྂ≀⌮Ꮫࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ ࡽぢࡿࠊࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≉Ṧྠᵝ࠶ࡿ≉Ṧ 㝿❧ࡗࡓ㐪࠸ࡋ࡚࠶ࡽࢃࢀࠊ≀㉁ࡢᇶᮏⓗつ ࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟⮬❧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿᑐ㇟ⓗᏑᅾɆɆ⮬ศࡢస⏝ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ ᐇࡣࡑࡢ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡀᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋᬑ㐢ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡢࡶࡢࢆࡶࡕࠊࡇࡢࡢࡶࡢ୍ᐃࡢ┦㛵ಀ ࡞ព࡛≉Ṧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡶᬑ㐢࡛ ࢆࡶࡕࠊ┦స⏝ࡋ࠶࠺ࡶࡢɆɆ࠸࠺つᐃࡣࠊ ࠶ࡿࡇࡽ≉Ṧ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬❧ࡋࠊࡢ≉Ṧࡸᬑ㐢 ⾲㇟ẁ㝵ࡢᢕᥱ࡛ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ᫂☜࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ ᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧ⮬ᕫ ㉁ⓗẁ㝵ࡢᢕᥱ࡛ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿ ࢆᐃ❧ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋࠊ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦⏫⏣ⱱ ”ㄆ㆑ࡅࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≉Ṧࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿᬑ ᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢɆɆ㔞ᏊຊᏛࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ɆɆ” ၏≀ㄽ 㐢ࠊࡑࢀࡀලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊᓥ ◊✲ ➨㸰ྕ ộᩥ♫ 1980 p.189㸧 ᓮ㝯Ặࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡣࠊලయⓗᬑ㐢࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕ࣮࣎ࠊࣁࢮࣥ࣋ࣝࢡࠊ࢘ࢢࢼ࣮ࠊࢹࢫࣃ ࡴࡋࢁࢫࣆࣀࢨࡢࠕᐇయࠖࡸᙧᘧㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢᢳ㇟ⓗ ࢽࣕࡓࡕࡢㄗࡾࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀከᑡࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ᬑ㐢㏆࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᙼࡽࡀ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡼࡿᚤどⓗ㡿ᇦࡢㄆ㆑ࡢෆᐜ ࡲࡓࠊᓥᓮẶࡣࠊࠕಶูࠖࡶࠊࠕ≉Ṧࡋࡓᬑ㐢ࠖࠊ ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆㄆࡵࡓࡇ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙼ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࡼࡗ࡚ྰᐃⓗ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㅖ ࡽࡀほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⤯ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡢㄆ㆑ ≉Ṧࠖ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕᬑ㐢ࠖࡀ⮬ᕫࢆࠕ≉ ᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡑࡢࡇ Ṧࠖࡋࠊࡑࡢࠕ≉Ṧࠖࡀࡉࡽ⮬ᕫࢆつᐃࡋࡓ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ᐇᅾࡢ⛉Ꮫࡼࡿព㆑ࡢᫎ ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᙧᘧㄽ⌮ࡢ ࢆᣄྰࡋࡓࡇ࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ྠ p.192㸧 ࠗᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢࠘␗࡞ࡿࠗලయⓗᬑ㐢࠘ࡣ࠸࠺ ࠕㄆ㆑ෆᐜ࠾ࡅࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᏑᅾࡀ㑊ࡅ ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊᬑ㐢ᛶࡀࡳࡎࡽ≉Ṧࡋࠊಶู ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡣㄆ㆑ࡢᮏ㉁ࡀࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠸ࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢಶู࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢయᛶ ࠗほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠘࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠗㄗࡲࡾ࠘࠸࠺ࡇ ࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᘚドἲࡢୡ⏺ㄆ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊほⓗዎᶵ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㸦ྠ ㆑ࡢ᰾ᚰࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿᴫᛕ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࠖ(ྠ p.126) p.192㸧 ࡇࢀࡶ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡢつᐃࡽᙧᘧ ࡇࢀࡣࠊㄆ㆑࠸࠺స⏝ࡣࠊほࡼࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ ㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢࠕᢳ㇟ⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡢ࠺ࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ ࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣᚲࡎほࡢෆ㒊᮲௳ࡼࡿᒅ ゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡣࠊࡇࡲ࡛ ᢡࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶయࡋ࡚ࡢಶูࡢዎᶵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶูࡣࡲࡓࠊ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡀᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㔞ᏊຊᏛࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᏛ ᬑ㐢≉Ṧࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(๓ᥖࡢᅗࢆཧ↷) ࡪࡢ࡛ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧㇟ᮏ㉁ ࡅࡿほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡼࡿᐈほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢኚᙧࡣࠊ 㸦ト 8㸧ලయⓗᬑ㐢ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡶ Ᏹᐂࡢ᥈✲࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ♫ⓗ࡞ࡢ᥈✲࠾ ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠸࡚ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓస ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᴫᛕࡣࠊࡶࡢࡢ⌧Ꮡᅾᑐࡋ࡚ᮍᒎ㛤ࡢࠊ ⏝ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ㄆ㆑ࡔࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕㄪᏛ⩦ࠖ ࡲࡔ༑ศࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ᴫᛕ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠗࡑࢀ⮬ ࡍࡂࡎࠊࠕ᥈✲ࠖࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㏫ࠊ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ ㌟࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊ⮬ศࡢᑐ⪅ࢆࡘࡽࡠ࠸࡚⮬ ࡗࡓ᥈✲ࡣࠊ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡸ㧗ᰯ⏕࡞ࡗࡓࠊ㧗ᗘ ศࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊࡑࡢᑐ⪅ࡢ⤫୍ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ ࡞≀⌮ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡸࠊᚤศ࣭✚ศ࡞ࡢ㧗➼ᩘᏛࢆ ᬑ㐢࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ࡼ࠺࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࠋࠗ⮬ศࡢᑐ⪅࠘ Ꮫࡪຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡣࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᐃ᭷ࠊᛶ≧ࠊ≉Ṧࠊ⌧Ꮡᅾ࡞ࢆࡉ ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᬑ㐢ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ୰ࡽ≉Ṧ࡞ㅖ 㸦ト 10㸧ࡇ࠺㏙ࡿࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗࡢࠕㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖ つᐃࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧Ꮡᅾࡢయࠊࡑࡢഃ㠃ࡸ㐣 (ࢹ࣮ࣗࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕ᥈✲ࡢ⌮ㄽࠖࡶゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ) ⛬ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ ࣮࣊ ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ពぢࡶฟࡿ ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⦅ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽ ࡔࢁ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࣗࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕၥ㢟ゎỴࠖ ࡢ◊✲ࠖS90 ᭶᭩ᗑ 1991 ࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊձࠕ☜ᐃ࡞≧ἣᑐࡍࡿၥ㢟タᐃࠖࠊ ⚾ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌẶࡢࠕලయⓗᬑ㐢ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ ղࠕ௬ㄝᙧᡂࠖࠊճࠕ᥎ㄽࠖࠊմࠕᐇ㦂ࠖࠊյࠕ☜ᐃ ࡢࡇࢁࡶࡗࡶṇ㭀ࢆᑕ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑ ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡢゎỴࠖ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆࡓࡾࠊࠕಖ ࢀࡣࠊࡓࡔᩥ⊩ゎ㔘ⓗṇࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡅ࡛ 㞀ࡘࡁࡢゝ᫂ࠖ࠸ࡁࡘࡃࠋࡇࡢࡂࡾ࡛ࡣࠊᶵ ҅ΰᢹ≝⇾∞⇘∑↝ᛯྸܖ↝Йૺᛯ↚૿ↀ↺ⅤཎഷⅥ↝ࢫл 73
Ეⓗ࡞Ỵᐃㄽࡢ㝈⏺ࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࠕゎỴࠖࡣࠊࠕ⎔ቃࡢ㐺ᛂ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊᛮ ⪃άືࡣࠕ㐺ᛂࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐨ලࠖ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡓࡵࠊㄆ㆑ࡀ⌧㇟ࡢ⫼ᚋ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᐇయࠖࡸ ࠕᮏ㉁ࠖཬࡪᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ ࢹ࣮ࣗࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࡢࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒ ࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢㄽ⌮Ꮫࡢุ᩿ㄽࢆㄆ㆑ㄽⓗㄞ ࡳ࡞࠾ࡍࡓࡵࡢ❧⬮Ⅼࢆࠊࢭࣝࢤ࣭ࣞ࢜ࢽࢻࣦ ࢳ࣭ࣝࣅࣥࢩࣗࢸࣥࡢḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼⨨࠸ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⬻ࡢάືࡣᑕⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿᨾࠊ⬻ࡢάື ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣࠊྠୡ⏺ࡢ ࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࠋᚰ⌮άືࡢᑕ⌮ㄽࡣࠊᚰ⌮⌧㇟࡞ ࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ㉳※ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊ⬻ࡢάືࡢ ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㢟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢ ࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿࡍࡿࠊࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࡢ㢟ࡢ㛫ࡢ⤖ ྜ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(ࢭࣝࢤ࣭ࣞ࢜ࢽࢻࣦࢳ࣭ࣝࣅ ࣥࢩࣗࢸࣥ ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫ ୖࠖෆ⸨⪔ḟ㑻࣭ᮌᮧ ṇ୍ヂ 㟷ᮌ᭩ᗑ 1961) ⚾ࡣࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࣗࡢ⪃࠼᪉ᚑ࠺ࠊࠕ᥈ ✲ࠖࢆྵࡵࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣗ⮬㌟ࡀㄆࡵ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠕ⤒㦂ࠖࡢእฟࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃ ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࠊ⤒㦂⮬యࢆ၏୍ࡢᐇᅾ⪃ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ※Ἠࡋ࡚ࡢᐈほⓗᐇᅾࢆㄆ ࡵ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᙼࡣࠊࠕ᥈✲ࠖࢆࡩࡃࡵࡓᚰ⌮⌧㇟ࡣ ⬻ࡢάືࡢ⏘≀㐣ࡂࡎࠊᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢᫎ࠸ ࠺ᛶ㉁ࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࢹ࣮ࣗࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ༢ ⣧࡞ᫎㄽࡸỴᐃㄽࢆ㉺࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࠕἲ๎ࠖࠕᮏ㉁ࠖࠕᐇయࠖࠕᵓ㐀ࠖ➼ࡣ༢⬻ࡢ άື࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐈほⓗᐇᅾࡢࠕ୰ࠖ ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡢࡀࠊࠕศ ᯒࠖࡸࠕ⥲ྜࠖ࡞ࡢయࡢస⏝࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ ࠕ⌮ㄽࠖࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡿࡢࡀࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ▱㆑య⣔࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡲࡓࠊࠕၥ㢟ࠖࢆࠕၥ㢟ࠖࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡶࠊᐇ㊶ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊయ(ே㛫) ࡢ୰ᵓ㐀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑య⣔࡛࠶ࡿ⚾ࡣ⪃ ࠼ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
International BaccalaureateࠕMaking the PYP happenࠖ 2009 G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕᑠㄽ⌮Ꮫ(ୗᕳ)ࠖᯇᮧ୍ேヂ ᒾἼ ᩥᗜ, 1972 G.W.F.࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠕㄽ⌮Ꮫࠖୗᕳ ṊᕷṊேヂ ᒾἼ ᭩ᗑ, 1969 㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࠖᩥ⌮㛶 1989 ᑎἑᜏಙࠕᘚドἲⓗㄽ⌮Ꮫヨㄽࠖ᭶᭩ᗑ 1957 㕥ᮌⱱࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢุ᩿ㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ 1975㹼1978 ᯇᒣၟㄽ㞟ࠓึฟࠔࠕ㕥ᮌⱱㄽᩥ㞟 3ࠖ ᩥ ⌮ 㛶, 1989 ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⦅ࠕ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫ ᴫᛕㄽ ࡢ◊✲ࠖ᭶᭩ᗑ 1991 ㏿ᕝ㑻ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝㄽ⌮Ꮫᢈุࠖ 㟷ᒣ♫ 1996 ࢭࣝࢤ࣭ࣝࣅࣥࢩࣗࢸࣥ ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫ ୖࠖ ෆ⸨ ⪔ḟ㑻࣭ᮌᮧṇ୍ヂ 㟷ᮌ᭩ᗑ 1972 㧗ᆏṇ㢧 ࠕすὒဴᏛྐࠖᩥ♫ 1985 ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 74
⃯The role of "particular" in “The judgement theory” of “Logic” of Hegel
ʊAs preparations to systematize “concepts” used in the PYP of International Baccalaureate, I will understand “the judgement theory” by focusing on the
role of "Particular”.
Katsurou Kitamura≍1
⁅⁛‒
International Baccalaureate “Primary years programme” is "Concept-Based" curriculum. Since its paraphernalia is solid, "Concept - based" curriculum of International Baccalaureate is very much better than the method of learning other constructivism. Among them, “Concepts based learning” is especially important. However, in "The eight concepts" to be used for it, the rela- tionship between them is not defined. So, I want to put the role, limits and relationship of the concepts of “Primary years programme” in the process of deepening of recognition. Therefore, in order to clarify the relationship between various concepts, in particular, the position, the role and limitations of each concept, I reread “the judgement theory" in “The logic” of Hegel to epistemological. And, as the preparatory work, I want to try the epistemological overview of
“The judgement theory” of Hegel. To do so, I must understand “The judgement theory” by fo- cusing on the role of “particular”.
ääääääääääääääääääääKey words‒……………………………………………………
International Baccalaureate, Concept-based-learning, The process of deepening of recognition,
Concrete universal, Particular
Ფ1 Kaichi-Nozomi elementary school
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 75
⇮∞⇴ኔᙲ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016≌ ᄂᆮܖٻᨥ
‒ᛖᅹᏋඥ
‒⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬
ᢿ‒ ɟ≍‣‒
⅚↰ᨂ↚᭗ٻ←ⅻ⅚ဃ෨↚↾→↕ᐯЎ↝Ꮱщ↗ӧᏡࣱ⇁இ↱↘܇⅚↞Иሁ∝ɶሁՃ↝̅ԡ
↱↘܇⅚↚ↄ↭ↅ↭↙ʴ←↗ңᛦ∝ңↆ↙ⅻ↸⅚ᐯࠁܱྵ↗ᅈ˟ᝡྂ⇁↺ↂ↗ⅻ↖ⅼ↺↷ⅵ
ႆᢋ⇁↱↘܇⅚↚←ⅻ⅚ᐯ↸ᛢ᫆⇁ႆᙸↆ⅚↻⇁ᚐൿ↖ⅼ↺↷ⅵݰⅾↂ↗↖ⅱ↼ⅵ⅛ↂ↝↷ⅵ
‒⅛↺െ᨞↚ұↆ૾ඥ↖ਦݰ↖ⅼ↺⅚ܱោႎਦݰщ⇁ஊↈ↺Ճↂʻ൭↰↸↻↕ⅳ↺ʴ↖ⅱ
↗↜↺↚ˤ→↕ᐯ⇁⇈∐∌⇓↖ئဃⅻ⅚ݩஹᏋྵܖ↝ↆⅺↆ⅚ܱោႎਦݰщ↞⅚Ճ࣓ஓ ‒
࠰᧓↖Ꮛↄ↻↺↨ⅼ↖ⅱ↼ⅵ⅛ஜ≗↝ܖٻ↞ↀ↸↻↺↪↘ܾତ↙↱↝↖↞↙ⅳ⅛↝ؕᄽ↓↚៲
ܖ↖↞⅚Ꮀ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ↗ᅹ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ↝ᣐ࢘࠰ഏ⇁⅚≗࠰᧓⇁≘↓↝↚Ўↀ↕ನↈ↺
ↆ↕ⅳ↺⅛ↂ↖ஜᆜ↖↞⅚≘↚ЎↀᏋᛢᆉپↂ↗↖⅚ⅤܱោႎਦݰщⅥⅻ៲↚↓ⅾ↷ⅵ↚
ዻ↝↜↸ⅳ↗ϋܾ⇁౨᚛ↈ↺ↂ↗↚↷↹⅚ཎ↚ᇿᎍⅻਃ࢘ↈ↺ⅤᛖᅹᏋඥⅥ↚ⅹⅳ↕⅚ܱោ
‒⅛ႎਦݰщ⇁៲↚↓ↀ↺↰↚ݰλↆ↕ⅳ↺લಅ↝ᙲࣱ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋݑↆ↕ⅳⅾ
ܖ↚ⅻᛢ᫆↚ݣↆ↕ɼ˳ႎ↱↘܇⅚ↄ↸↚⅚ↂ↝ࡇИሁ∝ɶሁᏋ↚ⅹⅳ↕↱ݰλⅻ੩కↄ↻
↥Ⅴ⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖Ⅵ↝ӕኵ↮↚↓ⅳ↕↱ᚕӏↈ↺⅛‒
äääääääääääääääääääää ⇓∞∕∞⇯ ääääääääääääääääääää ‒⇖∙⇱∞∏∝⇼⇉⇬⇕⇈ ‒ោႎਦݰщ‒ Ꮀ↚᧙ↈ↺ᅹႸ‒ ‒ ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ લಅܱ
㸯㸬ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗᩍဨࡢ ᭱㝈ࠊㄪⓗⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋᩍ ⫱୍⯡ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ⌮ᛕࡋ࡚ཷᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ 2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ 12 ᭶ 22 ᪥බᕸ࣭⾜ ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)ࠋẶࡢ௮ࡏࡢ㏻ ࡉࢀࡓࠊᨵṇᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ➨ 1 ❶ࠕᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗཬࡧ ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⌮ᛕࠖ㸦ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ㸧➨ 1 ᮲ࠕᩍ⫱ࡣࠊே᱁ࡢ ࡇࡢ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ(2)ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ2009㸦ᖹᡂ ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊᖹ࡛Ẹⓗ࡞ᅜᐙཬࡧ♫ࡢᙧ 21㸧ᖺࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡀබ♧ࡉࢀࠊᑠᏛᰯ ᡂ⪅ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࢆഛ࠼ࡓᚰ㌟ࡶᗣ ࡛ࡣ 2011㸦ᖹᡂ 23㸧ᖺᗘࡽࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ 2012 ࡞ᅜẸࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᮇࡋ࡚⾜࡞ࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ 㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺᗘࡽࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ 2013㸦ᖹᡂ ࠸ࠋࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࢆᩍ⫱ࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞┠ 25㸧ᖺᗘࡽ㠃ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣࠊ ⓗᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᆏ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡣኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡶᩍ⫱⌮ᛕࡋ࡚㹙⏕ࡁ ⏣௮Ặࡣࠕ୍ேࡦࡾࡢே㛫ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ ࡿຊ㹛ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ 㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ 7 ᭶ 19 ᪥ Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology ࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟㸦୰ᩍᑂ㸧⟅⏦ࠕ ୡ⣖ࢆᒎ *1 Kazue Hattori 21 ᢿܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᨥ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 76
ᮃࡋࡓࢃࡀᅜࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ➨ 1 㒊 ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆಶᛶࢆ⏕ࡍᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ ࠕᚋ࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࠖ(3㸧ࠕᚋ࠾ࡅ ࡣࡄࡃࡴࡇࡀ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ ࡿᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞᪉ྥ࡛ࠖึࡵ࡚ᥦゝࡉ ゝࡣࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡛㏙ࡽࢀ ࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᚋࡣࠊࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶ࡞௦ ࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ 1 ␒┠ࡢせ⣲ࠕ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢ ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࢆษࡍ ࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ ࡿࡶࠊ♫ࡢኚⓗ☜ࡘ㎿㏿ᑐᛂࡍ ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࠖࠊ᪂ࡓࠕ▱ ࡿᩍ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖࡇࠊࡉࡽࠕᏊࡶ ㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࠊᏛࡪពḧࠖࢆࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓࡕࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᑗ᮶ࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ࡇࢀࢆࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖࡧ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ୍␒ ኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸ࡇࢀࡽࡢ♫ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ ࡢ᰾ᤣ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜 ࡋࡋࠊ2008㸦ᖹᡂ 20㸧ᖺ 1 ᭶ 17 ᪥ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡢୖ㏙ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ⟅⏦㸦ࠕᗂ⛶ᅬࠊᑠᏛᰯࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯཬࡧ ࠶ࡿࠋ ≉ูᨭᏛᰯࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿➼ࡢᨵၿࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ ⟅⏦ࡢᩥゝࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ 5㸬ࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ᨵゞࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࠖ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ ࢆᢸ࠺Ꮚࡶࡓࡕᚲせ࡞㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢ ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᏊࡶࡣࠊᏛຊࡢၥ㢟ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ 㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ㏙ࡽ ࠕ㇏࡞ᚰࠖࠕࡸ࡞యࠖࡢ⫱ᡂࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀᐇ࡛࠶ࡿᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚ ձࠕၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࠖ㸸 ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽ ࠸ࡿࠋ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺᩍ⫱⌮ᛕࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽ Ꮫࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼ ࢀࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࡣ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀࣂࣛࣥ ࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊ ࢫࡼࡃ⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ♫ࡢኚ ղࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖ㸸⮬ࡽࢆᚊࡋࡘࡘࠊே ᑐᛂࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ㔜せどࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀࠕ㇏࡞ே ࡶ༠ㄪࡋࠊேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࡸឤືࡍࡿᚰ 㛫ᛶࠖࡽࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖኚᐜࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୰ ճࠕࡸ࡞యࠖ㸸ࡓࡃࡲࡋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵࡢᗣ ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡀ㏙࡚࠸ࡓࣂࣛࣥࢫ࠸࠺㒊ศࡀ⨨ ࡸయຊ ࡁཤࡾࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2008㸦ᖹᡂ 20㸧 ࡇࡢ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ௦♫ࡢኚ ᖺࡁ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠊࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖ ᑐᛂࡍࡿᙧ࡛ኚᐜࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ1998㸦ᖹᡂ ࠕࡸ࡞యࠖࡢ 3 ࡘࡀࠊࠕ୕୍యⓗ⫱ࡕࢆᅗ 10㸧ᖺ 6 ᭶ 30 ᪥ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦㸦ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸௦ࢆ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ(3)ࠖࡇࡀษࡔ࠸࠺᪉㔪ࡀ᫂☜♧ ᣅࡃᚰࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵࠖ̿ḟୡ௦ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿᚰࢆኻ ࡉࢀࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ⌮ᛕࡀࠊᩍ⫱࠸࠺Ⴀࡳࡀ ࠺༴ᶵ̿ࠕᗂඣᮇࡽࡢᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸ ┠ᣦࡍࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ෆᐜᐃ⩏࡙ ࡚ࠖ㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠖࢆ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࠊࠕࡺ ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ᚋࠊ⌮ᛕࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅ࡚ྛ ࡾࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠕᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࠖࢆࡍࡿࡇࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ ᩍ⛉࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ ㄝࢀࡓࠋࡲࡶ࡞ࡃᏛຊࡸᏛࡪពḧࡢపୗ࡞ࡀ ࠺(4)ࠋ ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠊ2003㸦ᖹᡂ 15㸧ᖺ ᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢇ࡞♫ࡀኚࡋࡼ࠺ ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᣦࡍࡁⅬࡣࠊࠕ☜ ࡶࠊࠕ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖ ࡞Ꮫຊࠖࢆᇶ┙㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࠊṇ⩏ឤࡸබṇࡉ ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᏛຊࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ๓㠃ᡴࡕฟࡍ᪉㔪ࡀ ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿᚰࠊ⮬ࡽࢆᚊࡋࡘࡘே༠ㄪࡋࠊ ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⟅⏦ࡣࠕ☜࡞Ꮫຊࠖࡣࠕ▱㆑ࡸᢏ ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࠊேᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿᚰࠊ⮬↛ࢆឡࡍ ⬟ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇࠊࡇࢀຍ࠼࡚ࠊᏛࡪពḧࡸࠊ ࡿᚰ࡞࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆࡋࡗࡾ㌟ࡘࡅ ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊ➼ࡲ࡛ࢆྵ ㈨㉁ࡸ⬟ຊࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 77
ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟 ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓ 1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ᇶ ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ ࡙ࡁࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴࡇࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ㹙⏕ࡁ ࡁࡿᩍဨ㣴ᡂࢆᛴࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ほ ࡿຊ㹛ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆୖグࡢࡼ࠺ᐃࡵࠊ௨ୗࡇࡢ⪃࠼ Ⅼࡼࡾࠊḟࡢ 3 㡯┠ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸦㸯㸧࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦ࠕ⣲ ᩍ⫱࠸࠺Ⴀࡳࡢ┠ᣦࡍࠕே᱁ࡢᡂࠖࡣࠊ㹙⏕ 㣴ࠖࡣ༊ูࡉࢀࠊᚋኳⓗᙧᡂྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࠸ ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ⫱ᡂ࡞ࡋㄒࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ2005 ࠺⪃࠼❧ࡗ࡚㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧 㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺ 10 ᭶ 26 ᪥୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦㸦ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸ ձᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢឤ ௦ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ㐀ࡍࡿࠖ➨ 2 ❶ ᩍᖌᑐࡍࡿ ղே㛫ࡢᡂ㛗࣭Ⓨ㐩ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎ ᦂࡿࡂ࡞࠸ಙ㢗ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ ̿ᩍᖌࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ ճᗂඣ࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐࡍࡿᩍ⫱ⓗឡ ̿ 㸦1㸧࠶ࡿࡁᩍᖌീࡢ᫂♧㸧ࠕே㛫ࡣᩍ մᩍ⛉➼㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ ⫱ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡿ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᡂ յᗈࡃ㇏࡞ᩍ㣴 ྰࡣᩍᖌࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡇࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ➼ ࠸ࠖ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ♫ࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ1987㸦 62㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࢆࡶ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕᑐࡋ࡚㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡉࡢࡰࢀࡤࠊ ᩍဨࡢᙺࡣࡇࡢୖ࡞ࡃࡁ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖほࡣࠊ1986㸦 61㸧ᖺ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊᩍဨࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡵ࡚ ࡢ⮫ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟➨ḟ⟅⏦ࢆୗᩜࡁࡋࡓࡶ ࡳࡿࠊᩍဨࡢࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࠊ⏕ᾭࢃ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇࡣࠕே㛫ឡࡸඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐ ࡓࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᭱㝈㧗ࡵࠊࡉࡲ ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ⓗឡࢆᇶ┙ࡍࡿᗈࡃ㇏࡞ᩍ㣴ࠊᩍ ࡊࡲ࡞ேࡓࡕ༠ㄪ࣭༠ാࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ ⫱ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸே㛫ࡢᡂ㛗࣭Ⓨ㐩ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎࠊ ♫㈉⊩ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ ᩍ⛉➼㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ ࡀࠊ⮬ࡽㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᑟ ❧ࡘᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟຊࠖ࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࠕࡇ ࡃࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡀ㌟ ࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡸࠕࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ ࡃࡼ࠺ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡃຊࡇࡑࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ ❧ࡘᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ࠸࠺グ㏙ࡽࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ᣦᑟຊࡢᇶࢆ࡞ࡍせ⣲ࡀձ㹼յ࡛࠶ࡿゎ㔘࡛ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ ࡁࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢពࡍࡿࡇࢁࢆࠊᑂ㆟ࡢᩍဨࡢ ⬟ຊࠖࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽࢀࡿձ㹼յࡢ㸳ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡢ ㈨㉁㛵ࡍࡿᥦゝࢆ㏣࠺ࡇࡼࡾ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ពぢࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿ(5)ࠋ ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᥦゝࡢほⅬࡣኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸ 㸰㸬ᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ ௦࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴ ࡢព ࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊ ୖグձ㹼յࡣࠊ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸㈨㉁⬟ຊ 㸰㸬㸯 1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺࡢᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ㆟ ⟅⏦ ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆࡋࡗࡾ ㌟ࡘࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛ ᑂ㆟࠾࠸࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤᥦゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1997 ࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗ⾜ືࡋࠊࡼࡾࡼࡃၥ㢟ࢆ 㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ㆟㸦ᩍ㣴ᑂ㸧⟅⏦ ゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠊᥦゝ ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞௦ྥࡅࡓᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ࡘ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊձ㹼յࡢ㸳ࡘࡢ ࠸࡚ 㸯㸬ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖ࠾࠸࡚
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 78
せ⣲ࡢࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ☜ಖࡍࡿࡶࡉࡽ✚ᴟⓗྛேࡢᚓពศ ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㈶ྠ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ 㔝࡙ࡃࡾࡸಶᛶࡢఙ㛗ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦㸰㸧ᚋ≉ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦୍⯡ⓗ㈨ ᚓពศ㔝࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢᢸᙜࡍࡿᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉ ㉁⬟ຊ㸧ࢆ๓ᥦࡋࡘࡘࠊ᪥ࡢ♫ࡢ≧ἣࡸᏛ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣㄡࡶ㈇ࡅ࡞࠸▱㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡛࠶ ᰯ࣭ᩍဨࢆᕠࡿㅖၥ㢟ࢆᛕ㢌࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚋ≉ ࢁ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢලయࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ ⥘࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⮬ศࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉࠸࠺ ࠺ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚓពศ㔝ࢆṊჾࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢᣦᑟ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ ձᆅ⌫ⓗど㔝❧ࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊ ࡚ᙜࡓࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡢࡎᩍဨ⏕άࡢ㐨ࡶ ࣭ᆅ⌫ࠊᅜᐙࠊே㛫➼㛵ࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞⌮ゎ 㛤ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᩍᖌࡢᑓ ࣭㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶ 㛛ᛶࡀ㧗ࡅࢀࡤ㧗࠸ࠊᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚Ꮚࡶࡓ ࣭ᅜ㝿♫࡛ᚲせࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊ ࡕࡢ⯆㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡍຊࡶᙉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ ղኚࡢ௦ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ♫ேồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁ ࡢ⯆㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡍຊࡀᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛࠶ࢁ ⬟ຊ ࠺ࠋᩍ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢࡁ ࣭ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ➼㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ ࡉẚࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕᣦᑟຊ࠸࠺ ࣭ே㛫㛵ಀ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ ࡶࡢࡣࠊࡦࡘࡢᚓពศ㔝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࣭♫ࡢኚ㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑ཬࡧᢏ⬟ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᣦᑟ㌿⛣ࡋࡓࡾἼཬࡋ࡚࠸ ճᩍဨࡢ⫋ົࡽᚲ↛ⓗồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ ࡃ(6)ࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ ࣭ᗂඣ࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡸᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ࢆࡣࡌࡵᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗࢆࡋࡗࡾᏛࡪࡇ࡛ࠊ 㐺ษ࡞⌮ゎ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣ㣴ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿឡࠊࡾࠊ୍యឤ ௨ୖࠊ1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ㣴ᑂ⟅⏦࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࣭ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑ࠊᢏ⬟ཬࡧ ᗈࡃ㇏࡞ᩍ㣴ࠊᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛▱㆑➼ࢆᇶ┙ ែᗘ ࡋࡓᩍဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂࠊኚࡢ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᩍဨࡣࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸௦࠶ࡗ ௦ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ♫ேồࡵࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ࡴᩍ⫱ࢆᤵࡅ ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬࡽࡢᥦゝ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ1996㸦ᖹᡂ 8㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ 㸰㸬㸰2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟⟅⏦
⟅⏦ࡢᥖࡆࡓ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡢ 3 せ⣲ࡢ୍␒┠ࠕၥ ๓㏙ࡢ 1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺᩍ㣴ᑂࢆ྾⤫ྜࡋ 㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࠖࢆព㆑ࡋࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿղࡀ୍␒ᙉㄪ ࡓᙧ࡛ࠊ2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡋ ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠸௦ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ㐀ࡍࡿࠖ➨ 2 㒊➨ 2 ❶ࠕ ᩍ 㸦㸱㸧ᚓពศ㔝ࢆᣢࡘಶᛶ㇏࡞ᩍဨ ᖌᑐࡍࡿᦂࡿࡂ࡞࠸ಙ㢗ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ̿ᩍᖌࡢ Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣࠊከᵝ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘಶᛶ㇏࡞ே ㉁ࡢྥୖ̿ࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊே㛫ࡣᩍ⫱ࡼࡗ࡚స ᮦࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᩍဨ㞟ᅋࡀ㐃ᦠ࣭༠ാࡍࡿ ࡽࢀࡿࠊࡑࡢᡂྰࡣᩍᖌࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚ ࡇࡼࡾࠊᏛᰯ࠸࠺⤌⧊యࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓ ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺⪃࠼ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊඃࢀࡓᩍ ᩍ⫱άືࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡁࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ほⅬ ဨࡢ᮲௳ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡽࠊᚋ࠾ࡅࡿᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⏬୍ⓗ࡞ᩍဨീࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡣ㑊ࡅࠊ⏕ᾭࢃ ձᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸⇕ ࡓࡾ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿ࠸࠺๓ᥦ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᩍᖌࡢᑐࡍࡿឤࡸࡾࠊᏊࡶ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆ ᑐࡍࡿឡࡸ㈐௵ឤ࡞ࠊኚࡢⴭࡋ࠸♫ࡸ
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 79
ᏛᰯࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ㐺ษᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᖖ ဨ࡞ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ⮬ᕫࡗ࡚ఱࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿྥୖᚰࢆᣢࡘࡇࡶษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆ⮬ぬࡋࠊᚲせᛂࡌ࡚㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ ղᩍဨࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ☜࡞ຊ㔞 ➼ࢆ⿵࠸ࠊࡑࡢᐃ╔ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᩍ⫋⏕ά ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺☜࡞ຊ㔞ࡣࠊᏊࡶ⌮ゎຊࠊඣ ࢆࡼࡾࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ❺࣭⏕ᚐᣦᑟຊࠊ㞟ᅋᣦᑟࡢຊࠊᏛ⣭࡙ࡃࡾࡢ ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖ࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢࡶ᪂タࡀᥦゝࡉ ຊࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ࡙ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢ ࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡇࡢ᪂タ⛉┠ࡣࠊ2010㸦ᖹᡂ 22㸧 ຊࡢ 7 ࡘࡢຊࢆゝ࠺ࠋ ᖺධᏛ⪅ࡢ 4 ᖺ⏕ᚋᮇࡼࡾᑟධࡉࢀࡓࠋ ճ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ே㛫ຊ ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢᒚಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚ᚲせ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢே᱁ᙧᡂ㛵ࢃࡿ⪅ࡋ࡚ࠊ㇏ ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ☜ᐇ࡞☜ㄆࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ ࡞ே㛫ᛶࡸ♫ᛶࠊᖖ㆑ᩍ㣴ࠊ♩సἲࢆ ࡓࡵࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ 4 ࡘࡢ㡯 ࡣࡌࡵே㛫㛵ಀ⬟ຊࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ ձឤࡸ㈐௵ឤࠊᩍ⫱ⓗឡ➼㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ࡞ࡢே᱁ⓗ㈨㉁ࠊࡢᩍᖌࡸົ⫋ဨࠊᰤ㣴 ղ♫ᛶࡸᑐே㛵ಀ⬟ຊ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ⫋ဨ࡞ᩍ⫋ဨయྠࡋ࡚༠ຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ճᗂඣඣ❺⏕ᚐ⌮ゎࡸᏛ⣭⤒Ⴀ➼㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ մᩍ⛉࣭ಖ⫱ෆᐜ➼ࡢᣦᑟຊ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯 ௨ୖࠊ2005㸦ᖹᡂ 17㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡛ࡣࠊᩍ ࢆྵࡵࡿࡇࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグձ ⫋ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸⇕ࢆᇶ┙ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ 㹼ճࡣࠊ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿ㈨㉁ ࡙ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢຊ➼ᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ☜ ⬟ຊࠊմࡣࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ ࡞ຊ㔞ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ㏙ࠊᤵᴗ࡛㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨ ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇմࡢ㈨㉁ࡣࠊ ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ձ㹼ճࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓࡑࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋմ࠶ࡿᩍ⛉ࡢ ᣦᑟຊ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯࡛☜ㄆࡍࡁࡇࡣࠊᩍ⛉ 㸰㸬㸱2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟⟅⏦ 㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛▱㆑ࢆᇶ┙ࠊᤵᴗ࡛㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⟅⏦ࢆᇶࡋ࡚ࠊ2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡀࡇࡲ࡛⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡓ ࡢࠊ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᚋࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣭චチไᗘࡢᅾ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ2㸬ᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣭චチไᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࡢ ࡇࡢ㡯┠ࢆᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢ⛉┠ࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡼ ලయⓗ᪉⟇ 1㸬ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ㉁ⓗỈ‽ࡢྥୖ㸦2㸧 ࠺ᵓᡂࡋࠊᐇࡍࡿࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣྛᏛࡢ ࠕᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦௬⛠㸧ࡢ᪂タ࣭ᚲಟ̿ᩍဨ ุ᩿ࡺࡔࡡࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ⟅⏦ࡣලయⓗ࡞ᤵᴗෆᐜ ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ᙧᡂ☜ㄆ̿ࠖ ࡸ฿㐩┠ᶆ➼ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡣࠊࠕᙺ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᩍဨࡋ࡚᭱ᑠ㝈ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ ₇ᢏ㸦࣮ࣟࣝࣉ࣮ࣞࣥࢢ㸧ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉウㄽࠊ యࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ☜ᐇ㌟ࡅࡉࡏࡿࡶࠊࡑ ᐇᢏᣦᑟࠊᐇົᐇ⩦ࠊ◊✲ࠊ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ㸦ࣇ ࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢయࢆ᫂♧ⓗ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠖࠊᩍ ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇࡀ㐺 ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ୰ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᚲಟ⛉┠ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦௬ ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶍᨃᤵ ⛠㸧ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀᥦゝࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᴗᑟධࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏕㔝㔠୕Ặࡣࠕࡇࢀࡣᩍᮦ◊✲ࠊ ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡣࠊࠕᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢࡢ⛉┠ࡢᒚಟ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟ࣭ᯈ᭩ィ⏬࣭Ⓨၥィ⏬࣭సᴗࡢࣉࣜࣥ ࡸᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬እ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞άືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㌟ ࢺ࣭ᩍᮦ➼ࡢసᡂ➼ࡢᤵᴗタィࡼࡾᤵᴗᐇ࠸ ࡅࡓ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡀࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚᭱ᑠ㝈ᚲせ࡞㈨ ࡓࡿ୍㐃ࡢࡇࢆཷㅮ⪅࡛࠶ࡿᏛ⏕య㦂ࡏࡋ ㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚᭷ᶵⓗ⤫ྜࡉࢀࠊᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ ࡵࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩍဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄢ⛬ㄆᐃᏛࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ㣴ᡂࡍࡿᩍဨീࡸ ᇶ♏ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(7)ࠋࠖ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ฿㐩┠ᶆ➼↷ࡽࡋ࡚᭱⤊ⓗ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ࡿࠋ⏕㔝Ặࡀ⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖ ࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡢᒚಟࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᑗ᮶ࠊᩍ ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᑟධࡀྍḞ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 80
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ྥୖ᪉⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ 2㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࡢᒚಟᮇࡣ 4 ᖺ⏕ᚋᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ ᮏᏛࡢሙྜࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ 4 ᖺ⏕ᐇࡍࡿࡼ࠺࢝ ࡢᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ ࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ๓ᮇᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜ ࠺ᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒㦂ࡋࡓ࠶ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢၥ㢟 㸦Ϩ㸧ᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵ឤࠊ᥈✲ຊࠊᩍ⫋⏕ά ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊᨵၿ⟇ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ⓗᏛࡧ⥆ࡅࡿຊ㸦ឤࡸ ᚋᮇᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᐇ⩦ࡀ ㈐௵ឤࠊᩍ⫱ⓗឡ㸧 㐠ࡪࡼ࠺⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠸ᐇ㊶ຊࢆ㌟ 㸦ϩ㸧ᑓ㛛⫋ࡋ࡚ࡢ㧗ᗘ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵ᭷ព⩏࡞⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ձᩍ⛉ࡸᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ ࡑࡢ⟅⏦ࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ ղ᪂ࡓ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㸦ᇶ ⏕ࡀ⮬ศ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊၥ㢟 ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ⩦ᚓຍ࠼࡚ᛮ ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ㈨ ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ▱ ㉁ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࢆ㌟ࡅࡿࡇ ㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦άືࡸㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠺ࢆࠊ4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ࠾࠸࡚᭱⤊ Ꮫ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࢆࢹࢨ࡛ࣥࡁࡿᣦᑟ ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⛉┠ࡋ࡚ᚲಟࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ ຊ㸧 ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᮏᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦グ㘓ࡸᒚಟ ճᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࠊᏛ⣭⤒Ⴀ➼ࢆⓗ☜ ࢝ࣝࢸࡢࠕᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ࠖ ᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿຊ ࢆࡶࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆ ࡿࡇࢆヨ 㸦Ϫ㸧⥲ྜⓗ࡞ே㛫ຊ㸦㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶࡸ♫ᛶࠊ ࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࠊྠࢳ࣮࣒࡛ᑐᛂ ࡍࡿຊࠊᆅᇦࡸ♫ࡢከᵝ࡞⤌⧊➼㐃ᦠ࣭ 㸰㸬㸲2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺࡢ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟⟅⏦ ༠ാ࡛ࡁࡿຊ㸧
࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊ㸦Ϩࠊϩձ ᫆ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊᖖ᪂ ࣭ճࠊϪ㸧ࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺 ࡋࡉࢆồࡵ࡚ࠊ♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᐇ ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㸦ϩղ㸧ࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ2006 ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓ1997㸦ᖹᡂ9)ᖺࡽ2006㸦ᖹ 㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ ᡂ18㸧ᖺࡲ࡛ᑂ㆟ࡀᥦゝࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟ ㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ ຊࡢලయࠊㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼ ⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊ ࡸሗࠊᑡᏊ㧗㱋࡞♫ࡣᛴ㏿ኚࡋࠊ ࠊ᪂ࡓᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡀࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡽ 21 ୡ⣖ࢆ⏕ࡁᢤࡃࡓࡵࡢຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇ ࢀࡓᙧ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡣ ࢀࡽࡢᏛᰯࡣࠊᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀᑗ᮶ࡢ⫋ᴗࡸ⏕άࢆぢ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫ ⩦ᚓຍ࠼ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓ ࠾࠸࡚⮬❧ⓗ⏕ࡁࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ ࡵᚲせ࡞ᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㔜 ࡿࠋ2008㸦ᖹᡂ20㸧ᖺࡢᨵゞᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ᪉ どࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠕᏛ 㔪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡢࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡘ࠸࡚ ᰯ⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿㅖㄢ㢟ࡢ㧗ᗘ࣭」㞧ࡼࡾࠊ ࡢ㡯┠ࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ ึ௵ẁ㝵ࡢᩍဨࡀᅔ㞴ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㣴ᡂẁ㝵 ຊ➼ࢆ☜ᐇ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢᣦᑟࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂᙉࡀᚲせࠖ࠸࠺⌧ ᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢ⩦ᚓࡶࠊほ ≧ㄢ㢟ࢆ㚷ࡳࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ 28 ᪥୰ ᐹ࣭ᐇ㦂ࡸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢసᡂࠊㄽ㏙࠸ࡗࡓࡑࢀࡒ ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᩍ⫋⏕άࡢయࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ ࢀࡢᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦άືࢆᐇ
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 81
ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊㄢ㢟ゎỴⓗ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿேᮦࡣࠊᏊ ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡸ᥈ồⓗ࡞άືࡶᐇࡍࡿࡅຍ࠼ࡽ ࡶࡓࡕࡢᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࠊ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࢹࢨ࡛ࣥ ࡑࡢᚋ௦ࡢ㐍ᒎక࠸ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ㌟ ࡁࡿࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᩍဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࡣᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᏛ⩦ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊᩍဨᚿᮃࡢᏛ⏕ࡀࠊᑗ᮶ᩍ⫱⌧ άືࢆᐇࡉࡏࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ ሙ࡛࢟ࣕࣜࢆ㔜ࡡࡿకࡗ࡚⮬↛㌟ࡘࡅ ⩦ࠊ༠ാⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࢆࢹࢨ࡛ࣥࡁࡿᣦᑟຊࡀồ ࡽࢀࡿᐜ᫆࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᇶ♏ࡣᏛ ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫࡛⫱ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 1986㸦 61㸧ᖺ⮫ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟➨ḟ⟅⏦ࠊ 㸰㸬㸳ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡢពࡢࡲࡵ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࠕᏛࡢ㣴ᡂ࠾࠸
௨ୖࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࡚ࡣࠊᖜᗈ࠸ே㛫ᛶࠊᩍ⛉࣭ᩍ⫋ᚲせࡉࢀࡿ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ1997㸦ᖹᡂ 9㸧ᖺࡽ 2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧 ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࡢಟᚓ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡁࠊ᥇⏝ᚋ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᑂ㆟ࡢᥦゝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢព ࡢ◊ಟ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢୖ❧ࡗ࡚ࡉࡽᐇ ࡍࡿࡇࢁࢆ௨ୗࡲࡵ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃࡇ ࣭ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿຊ ࡍࡿࠖ࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࢆᏛ࡛㣴 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᡂࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ ࣭㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡣࠊ௦ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸౯ Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ㣴ᡂㄢ⛬ńᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡢึ௵⪅◊ಟ ್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸦㇏࡞ே㛫ᛶ࣭ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸ ń⌧⫋◊ಟࡢྛẁ㝵ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⋓ᚓࡉࢀᙧᡂࡉࢀ ࡿᚰ࣭ேᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿᚰ➼㸧ࢆࡋࡗࡾ㌟ ࡿࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᑗ᮶ᩍ⫋ᑵ࠸ࡓࡁࠊᩍ⛉ ࡘࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊኚࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸♫ᰂ㌾ᑐ ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢ⫋ົࢆࠊⴭࡋ࠸ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ ࡞ࡃᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆࠊᏛ࠾ࡅࡿ㣴ᡂ ࣭ලయⓗࡣࠊㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ࡽᏛࡧࠊ⮬ࡽ ㄢ⛬࡛㌟ࡅ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⪃࠼ࠊయⓗุ᩿ࡋࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴ ᩍဨࡣᏛࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡋᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊࡉࡽࠊࡇࢀࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ ࡞࠸ゝࢃࢀࡿࠋᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡢ㌟ ࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ࡀࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡑࡢຊࢆᤵࡅࡿ ࣭ࡇࡢ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࡀ㌟ࡘࡃࡼ࠺ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺ࣭༠ാⓗᏛ⩦ ࡃຊࡀࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇࡢ࡞࠸⪅ࡀࠊᑗ᮶Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡑ ࣭ࡘࡲࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡢ௦ࡶồ ࡢ᪉ἲࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࡣࠊ ࡵࡽࢀࡿ౯್࠶ࡿ㈨㉁ࠊᩍ⫋ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸ Ꮫࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚య㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⇕➼ࢆᇶ┙ࠊ♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁ ࡑࡇ࡛ḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂྥࡅ࡚ ࡿ⬟ຊࡢࡇࠊᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡢᮏᏛࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ➹⪅ࡀᣦᑟࡍ ࣭♫ࡢኚᰂ㌾㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࡣࠊᏛ ࡿࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆ୰ᚰ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ࡢᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟຊ࣭ᤵᴗ࡙ ࡃࡾࡢຊࠊᩍᮦゎ㔘ࡢຊ➼ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ࡢ 㸱㸬ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂྥࡅ࡚ ☜࡞ຊ㔞ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡛㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ 㸱㸬㸯ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࠾ࡅࡿ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㸦ᅜㄒ⛉ࡢሙྜ㸧
࣭ᤵᴗ࡛㈇࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ᮏᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍㅍ୧᪉ࡢ୍ ࡢ⫱ᡂࡢࡓࡵᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᑟධࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡗ ✀චチ≧ࡢᤵࢆཷࡅࡿሙྜࠊࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 82
┠ࠖࡣࠊࠕᩍ⫋ㄽ㸦㛤ㅮᖺḟ㸸1 ᖺḟ࣭๓ᮇ㸧ࠖࠕᏛ 㸱㸬㸰ࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡘ࠸࡚
ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ㸦1࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩Ꮫ⩦㐣 ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࠕᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢṔྐ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍဨᩍ ⛬㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕᏛᰯࡢไᗘ㸦1࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ ⫱ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸṔྐ࣭ᛮࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯᩍ 㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕ≉ ⫱ࡢព⩏ࡸᩍဨࡢᙺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗➼ ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ㸦2࣭ Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᙺࢆࠊࠕᏛᰯࡢไᗘࠖࠖࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᩍ ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕᩍ⫱┦ㄯ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦㸦4࣭๓ࠊᚋ㸧ࠖ ⫱㛵㐃ࡍࡿἲ௧➼㸦᠇ἲࠊᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠊᏛᰯᩍ ࠕᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦㸦4࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ㸦2࣭๓ࠊ ⫱ἲ➼㸧ࢆᏛࡪࡇࡼࡾṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲㸦3࣭๓ࠊᚋ㸧ࠖࡢᤵᴗࡢ༢ ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ⦅ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ㄽ࣭▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊᖺ㛫ᣦᑟィ⏬ࡸᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆ ࡲࡓࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡣࠊᅜㄒ⛉࡛࠶ࢀ ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ ࡤࠊᅜㄒࡢᩍဨචチྲྀᚓᚲせ࡞⛉┠ࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ ෆᐜࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋࠕᩍ⫱᪉ἲㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ ㄒࡢ⾲⌧㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲ㸦2࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ ᣦᑟ┠ᶆἢࡗ࡚సᡂࡋࡓ༢ඖᣦᑟィ⏬ࢆᇶࠊ ᮏㄒࡢࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ㸦3࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ㸦2࣭ ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᐇ㊶ࡋᩍ⛉ࡢ≉ᛶᛂࡌࡓᣦᑟ᪉ἲ ๓㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏྂᩥᏛྐ㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏ㏆௦ᩥᏛ ࡸᣦᑟᢏ⾡ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ྐ㸦1࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏࡢྂᩥᏛ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ❧ሙࡽぢ ㏆௦ᩥᏛ㸦2࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ◊✲㸦3࣭๓㸧ࠖࠕ୰ ࡓᩍဨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⫋ᴗேࡋ࡚ࡢᩍဨࡘ࠸࡚ල ᅜࡢᩥᏛ㸦3࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ₎ᩥᏛ㸦2࣭ᚋ㸧ࠖࠕ᭩㐨㸦1࣭ యⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛✚ᴟ ๓㸧ࠖࡢ⛉┠ࢆᒚಟࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ⓗᏛࡰ࠺ࡍࡿពḧࢆᣢࡘࡇࢆ฿㐩┠ᶆ ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ࠶ࡓ ࡍࡿࠋ๓༙࡛ࠊᩍဨᏛᰯࢆࡵࡄࡿไᗘⓗ⨨࡙ ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ௨ୗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ4 ᖺ㛫ࢆ 5 ࡘࡢᮇ ࡅࡢ୰࡛ࠊᩍ⫱⫋ဨࡋ࡚ࡢᇶᮏࢆᏛࡧࠊᚋ༙ࡣ ศࡅ࡚ᵓᡂࡋࠊࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࢆ㌟ࡅ࡚࠸ ࡑࢀࢆᇶᩍ⫱άືࡢᐇ㝿ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙࡢ ࡃࠋ ⌧ᐇࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ⌧ᐇࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ 㸦1㸧ᩍ⫋ࡢពḧྥୖᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 ヰ㢟ࢆᩘከࡃᏛࡪࡇ࡛ࠊၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࡶ㣴ᡂࡉ 㸦2㸧Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱⌮ゎᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧 ࢀࡿࠋ 㸦3㸧ᇶ♏ⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ㸦2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㹼3 1 ᖺḟᚋᮇࡽᒚಟࡍࡿࠕᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩Ꮫ⩦㐣 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 ⛬ࠖࡢ⛉┠࡛ࡣࠊࡣࡌࡵ㟷ᖺᮇࡲ࡛ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ 㸦4㸧Ⓨᒎⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ㸦3 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㹼4 ᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ࡢㅖ┦ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࠊே㛫ࡣⓎ㐩ẁ ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 㝵࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ぢྜࡗࡓᏛ⩦ࡀ 㸦5㸧⮬Ⓨⓗ⮬ᕫ◊㛑ᮇ㸦4 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧 ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⛉┠ࡶᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼ࡀ㌟ ࡛ࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ ࡘࡃࡼ࠺ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡢศᯒࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࠊ₇ ⩦ἲࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࢆᛮ⪃ࡍࡿࠋ ⩦ࢆ࠼ࡓᤵᴗ➼ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ☜ㄆࢆ ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᏛᰯࡢᩍ⫱ά ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡲࡎጞࡵࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠㸦ᅜㄒ ືయࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࠖࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࢆ㝖ࡃ㸧ࠖࡢෆᐜࠊ≉Ⰽࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋḟ ⌮ㄽࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࡢ㔜せᛶᐇ㝿ࡢᣦᑟ⌮ᛕ࠾ࡼ ࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊࠕᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ㔜 ࡧᣦᑟࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺ 10 せᛶࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ ᭶ 21 ᪥ࠊ୰ᩍᑂࡀࠕ㐨ᚨಀࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᨵၿ ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ⟅⏦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭ᐇ ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇ࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊ㐨ᚨࡢ㛫ࢆࠊᩍ⫱ ㄢ⛬ୖࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ 㐨ᚨࠖ㸦௬⛠㸧ࡋ࡚⨨
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 83
࡙ࡅࡿࡇࡀྠᑂ㆟ࡼࡾᥦゝࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆཷ ࡃ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙࡢ≧ἣ࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦ᣦ ࡅࠊ2015㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ ᑟせ㡿༶ࡋ࡚ㅮ⩏ࠊウㄽࠊⓎ⾲࡞ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ ⾜つ๎ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ┬௧ࡀไᐃࡉࢀࠊᑠᏛ ేタᰯ➼ࡢゼၥࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ⌧≧ࢆ⫙ ᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࠊཬࡧ≉ูᨭᏛᰯࡢᑠᏛ㒊࣭୰Ꮫ㒊 ࡛ឤࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣࠊᩍဨࢆ┠ᣦࡍᏛ⏕ ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㐨ᚨࠖࡀࠊࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉࡛ ࡗ࡚ࡇࢀ௨ୖࡢᩍ⫱ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿ㐨ᚨࠖᨵṇࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓྠ᪥ࠊᑠᏛᰯᏛ ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ࿌♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌ 㸱㸬㸱ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡘ࠸࡚
♧➨ 60 ྕ㸧ࠊ୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡣࠊᅜㄒ࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᣦ ࡿ࿌♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌♧➨ 61 ྕ㸧ࠊ≉ูᨭᏛᰯ ᑟຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᤵᴗࡣࠊ ᑠᏛ㒊࣭୰Ꮫ㒊Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿ࿌ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿♧ࡉࢀࡿᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࡸᤵᴗ㛫ᩘࠊ ♧㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࿌♧➨ 62 ྕ㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀබ♧ࡉ ྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ෆᐜࢆࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᐇែࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ィ ࢀࡓࠋ⾜ᮇ᪥ࡣࠊᑠᏛᰯࠊ≉ูᨭᏛᰯᑠᏛ㒊 ⏬ⓗᐇࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿 ࡛ࡣࠊ2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘࡽࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ≉ู ࡢἲ௧ୖࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࡸᩍ⛉ࡢ⣔⤫ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊᐇ ᨭᏛᰯ୰Ꮫ㒊࡛ࡣࠊ2019㸦ᖹᡂ 31㸧ᖺᗘࡽ 㝿ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆస ࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ 㐨ᚨࠖࡀᐇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ ᡂࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࣭ෆᐜࢆ༑ศ ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ2015㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡽࡣ⛣⾜ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᥐ⨨ࡋ࡚ࠊᨵṇᚋࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗ ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᅜㄒ⛉ࡢᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛ࡣࠊ2 ᖺ ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ≉ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋᚋࡣࠊࡇࡢ⛉ ḟࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲϨ࣭ϩࠖࢆᒚಟࡋࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ ┠ࢆᢸᙜ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡶど㔝ධ ⫱㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ㏣ồࡋࠊ ࢀ࡚ᣦᑟࡉࢀࡿࡇࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ྛ⮬ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡘ ࠕ≉ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡀྛ ࡘࠊᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡸ⪃࠼ࢆ㌟ ᩍ⛉୪ࡧ㔜せ࡞ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ୍㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡘࡅࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊᐇ㝿ᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏕ᚐ࣭Ꮫᰯ⾜࣭Ꮫ⣭άື࣭㹆㹐 ࠸ࡿᩍ⛉᭩ࡢศᯒ࣭◊✲ࢆヨࡳࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡢస άື࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㒊άື࡞ࡢ㞟ᅋάືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ㇏ ᡂἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋྠࡌࡃ 2 ᖺḟࠊేタᰯ࠾࠸ ࡞♫ᛶࡀ⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࡚ほᐹᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛㌟ࡘࡅࡓຊ ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢᇶ♏ ࢆࠊᐇ㝿ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ㝆ࡾࡓࡗ࡚ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡛ ⌮ㄽ࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑࣭⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊᩍ ㄢ㢟ࡶぢࡘࡾࠊḟᖺᗘࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆゎ ဨࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗែᗘࢆ㣴࠺ࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ Ỵࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛㉳ࡁࡓࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ 3 ᖺḟࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲㸿࣭㹀ࠖࢆᒚಟࡍࡿࠋ ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࣭㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠊ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ᥈ồࡋ࡞ 2 ᖺḟᒚಟࡋࡓࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲϨ࣭ϩ࡛ࠖ⌮ㄽⓗ ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᐇែࠊࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓᇶ♏ࡢୖ❧ࡕࠊ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࠾ ⎔ቃ≧ἣࡽࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࣭㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢ┠ⓗㄢ㢟 ࡅࡿᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࡢලయⓗ᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ2 ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࠕᩍ⫱┦ㄯ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫱┦ㄯ ᖺḟࡼࡾᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࡢᐇ㝿ࢆయ ࠾ࡅࡿᇶ♏▱㆑ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࠊඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᚰ㌟࣭ 㦂ࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦㈨ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᐇຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࠋ ⾜ືࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ከゅⓗ࡞⌮ゎᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᑐ 4 ᖺḟࡢࠕᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡛ࠖᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡸ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࡞ࠊ ᛂࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ┠ᶆࠊᏛ⣭ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢලయ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ ⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ₇⩦ࢆ࠼࡞ ศࡢ⌧ᅾࡢຊࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ4 ᖺḟᚋᮇࠕᩍ ࡀࡽᐇ㊶ⓗᏛࡪࠋ ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ࠖࢆᒚಟࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ᮇ㛫ࡢ⮬ศࢆ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠ࡣࢀࡶࠊᏛၥⓗ▱ぢࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡾ㏉ࡾࠊㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋゎỴࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࠊᩍ⫋
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 84
ࡢពḧࢆྥୖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆᇶᐇ㝿ᩍቭ❧ࡗ࡚ᶍ ᨃᤵᴗࢆࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㛫ࢆᮏ␒ࡉ࡞ࡀࡽ 㸱㸬㸲ᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ㔜せᛶ ࡢ 50 ศ࡛⾜࠺ࡇࡀ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᑡே
๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᩍᖌࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⛉ ᩘ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺⎔ቃ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᒚಟ⪅ࡣ 50 ศ ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊ⥘࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡣࠊ ࡢᤵᴗࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡚ࠊ㏻ࡋ࡛ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ࡼ࠸ᤵᴗࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡀ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁࡋࡓ⾲ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ(8)ࠋ㸱㸬㸯࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࠕᩍ⫋ ࡛ᤵᴗཧຍࡋࠊㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊయⓗㄪࠊ 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢࢇࡀࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢศ ⪃࠼ࠊ⾜ືࡋࠊၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡁࠊ ᯒࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᐇࠊ₇⩦ࢆ࠼ࡓᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ ࡑࢀࢆࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ⤒㦂ࡣࡁ࡞Ṋჾ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠࡛⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛ࠊ2 ᖺḟࠕᅜ ࡞ࡾࠊᚋ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᩍဨࡢ㐨ࢆṌ࠸࡚⾜ࡃࡇ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᐇ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣኚ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢᇶ♏ࡣࠊ ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚭᗏࡋࡓᩍᮦ◊✲ࠊヲ⣽࡞Ꮫ⩦ᣦ ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡿᶍᨃᤵᴗࡼ ᑟࢆᇶ⾜࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㣴ᡂ ࡗ࡚⫱ࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ Ḟࡏ࡞࠸㔜せ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠾࠸࡚ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ㸰㸬㸱࡛㏙ 㸱㸬㸳ࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠㸦ᅜㄒ⛉㸧ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࠾ ࠸࡚㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅜㄒ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠕᅜㄒࢆ㐺ษ⾲⌧ࡋⓗ☜⌮ ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡛ᤵᴗ୰❧ࡕ ⏕ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࠊఏ࠼࠶࠺ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡶ ᤵᴗࡢ‽ഛࢆᚭᗏⓗ⾜࠺ࡇࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡛ ࠊᛮ⪃ຊࡸീຊࢆఙࡤࡋࠊᚰࢆ㇏ࡋࠊ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥㡭ࡼࡾᶍᨃᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᩍᮦ◊✲ࢆ ゝㄒឤぬࢆ☻ࡁࠊゝㄒᩥᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆ῝ࡵࠊ ༑ศࡍࡿࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡣࠊㄞࢇ ᅜㄒࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿែᗘࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࠋࠖ ࡛ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ᬯグࡉࡏ࡚⤊ࢃࡾ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ ࡇ࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࡛ࡣࠊ1 ᖺḟඹ㏻⛉┠ࠊࠕㄽ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᩍᮦࢆࡗ࡚⏕ᚐఱࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏ ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ἲ࣭ࠖࠕㄽ⌮ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ ࡿࡢࢆࠊᩍ࠼ࡿഃࡀᖖᛕ㢌࠾࠸࡚ᤵᴗࢆ㐍 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡕࠊㄽ⌮ ⾜ࡉࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ᪥㡭 ⓗពぢࢆ㏙ࡿ⬟ຊࠊ┠ⓗࡸሙ㠃࡞ᛂࡌ࡚ ࡽᩍᮦࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺సရ㛵ࢃࡿ㈨ᩱ㞟ࡵࢆ⾜࠺ 㐺ษ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊ┠ⓗᛂࡌ࡚ⓗ☜ㄞࡳ ດຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᩍᮦࢆ⏕ᚐᥦ♧ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠶ࡿ┠ⓗ ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊసရ⯆ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿ ࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᅵྎ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᅜ ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋᚭᗏࡋࡓᩍᮦ◊✲ࢆᶍᨃᤵᴗ ㄒࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠ࢆᏛࡪࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⮬ಙࢆᣢ ࡛⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᩍቭ❧ࡘࡇ ࡗ࡚ᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᩍဨࢆ㣴ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᅜㄒࡢᩍဨචチྲྀᚓᚲせ࡞⛉┠ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ ࡲࡓࠊᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜࠊ๓‽ഛࡢࡓࡵᏛ 㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡘ ⩦ᣦᑟࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇࡣ㔜せ࡞సᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉ ࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡼࡾᩍ⛉ࡢᐇ㝿༶ࡋࡓෆᐜ ᤵᴗึᚰ⪅࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊ㛫ࡢࡾࡾࠊⓎ ࡍࡿࡇࢆᛕ㢌⨨ࡃࡼ࠺ࡢᥦゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ ၥෆᐜ࣭ᯈ᭩ィ⏬ࡶྵࡵ࡚⣽ࡃලయⓗグ㏙ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠊࠕ༢ඖタ 2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᩍ⫋⏕ ᐃࡢ⌮⏤㸦ᩍᮦほ㸧ࠖࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ άࡢయࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ྥ ࡢᮇࠊࡇࡢసရࢆᢅ࠺ࡢࡣఱᨾࠋసရࢆ㏻ ୖ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ ϩ㸬ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ ղᇶ♏චチ ࡋ࡚ఱࢆ⏕ᚐఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢࠋࡑࢀࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡗ ≧㸦௬⛠㸧ࠖࡢ㡯࡛ࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊᚰ㡪ࡃᤵᴗࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᩍ⛉ࡸᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࡢಟᚓࢆ୰ᚰ
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 85
ᒎ㛤ࡋࠊලయⓗࡣ ࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ⌮ゎࠖࢆ༑ศ㌟ࡅ 㸱㸬㸴 ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫ ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊᩍ⛉ࡢᐇ㝿༶ࡋࡓෆᐜࡍࡿ 㸱㸬㸴㸬㸯 ྠ୍ᢸᙜ⪅ࡼࡿ㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ ࡓࡵࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍ ➹⪅ࡣࠊࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡋ࡚ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖ ࡿ⛉┠ࠖࢆᯫᶫࡍࡿෆᐜࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠋ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡋ ࡇࡀせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࠖ ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྠ⟅⏦ࡣࠕϪ㸬ᙜ㠃ࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ 2㸬ᩍ ࠾ࡾࠊᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡍ ဨ㣴ᡂࠊ᥇⏝ࡽึ௵⪅ࡢẁ㝵ࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇㸦1㸧 ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᅜබ⚾❧ᏛࡢᏛ㒊࠾ࡅࡿᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢᐇ ࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕᩍ ձᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᨵၿࠖࡢ㡯ࠊಟኈࣞ ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ ࣋ࣝࡢ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ㒊ẁ㝵࡛ࠊᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦ ࡀࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡞ࡢྲྀ⤌ࠖ ࢆ୰ᚰࠊᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚭᗏࡍࡿࡇ ࡣᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ1 ᖺḟᚋᮇṇᘧᩍ ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟⓏ㘓ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ2 ᖺḟࡽᮏ᱁ⓗᩍ⫋ ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᩍ ⛉┠ࢆᒚಟࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿᏛ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ1 ᖺḟ ⛉ෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᤵᴗෆᐜࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ ๓ᮇࠕᩍ⫋ㄽࠖࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿព⩏ࡣࡁ࠸ࠋᤵᴗ ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍ ᴫせࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ๓༙࡛ᩍ⫋ࡢព⩏ࠊᩍဨࡢᙺࠊ ࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸ ⫋ົෆᐜࠊ᭹ົつᚊ࡞ࢆᴫᣓⓗㅮ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ➹ ᙜᩍဨࡀඹྠ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺࡞ࠊᩍ⛉ᩍ ⪅ࡢᐇົ⤒㦂(9)ࢆ⏕ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡞ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⤒㦂ㄯࢆ࠼࡚ࡼࡾ⌧ᐇⓗヰࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕࠗᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ ᚋ༙࡛ࡣࠊࡢࡕᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬࡛Ꮫࡪࡇ࡞ࡿ⛉┠ 㛛ⓗ⌮ゎ࠘ࢆ༑ศ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠖࡇࢆ᭱ึồࡵ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᑟධⓗෆᐜࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬⯡ ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࠕᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᩍ⛉ෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᤵ ࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆᣢࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ᪥ⓗᩍ⫱ㄢ ᴗෆᐜࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇࠖࡀేࡏ࡚せㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㢟ࢆᩍဨࡢ❧ሙ࡛࠺ᑐฎࡍࡿࡘ࠸࡚ウ㆟ ᩍဨࡢචチࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖ ࡋࠊⓎ⾲ࡢᶵࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢయ㦂ࡀᅜㄒ⛉ ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᏛࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠ࡋ࡚㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ᩍ⫱ἲ࠾ࡅࡿᶍᨃᤵᴗ⏕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡘ ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࡢ⛉┠ࡀྠ୍ᢸᙜ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ࡀᅗࡽ ࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ⫱ᡂ㈨ࡍࡿ ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇࡶᚲせ ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୍ぢ┦ࡍࡿせㄳࡢࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢ ୍᪉ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࠊࠕᅜ ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ⌮ゎࠖࢆ༑ศ㌟ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࠕᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢ ࡘࡅࡿࡇࡢせㄳࡣࠊᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢಟኈࣞ࣋ࣝ ᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ ࢆᐃࡋࡓࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡗ࡚ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࢆᚋᮇࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆ ᑓ㛛⛉┠࠸࠺⥘ࢆࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ಙ ᒚಟࡍࡿࠋᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ༑ศ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᣦᑟᨭ㞀ࢆ ᩥἲ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྛရモࡢཎ⌮࣭ᛶ᱁ࢆᏛࡪࠋࡑ ࡁࡓࡍࡇ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ⟅⏦࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ࡢᩗㄒ⾲⌧ࡸຓືモࡢ⏝ἲ࡞ᩥἲࢆ⌮ゎ ࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᩥ❶ࡢṇ☜࡞ព⌮ゎࡘ࡞ࡆ ⛉┠ࠖᢸᙜᩍဨࡀඹྠ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺࡞ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᏳ࣭ᐊ⏫࣭᫂ࡢ 3 ௦ࢆ ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫋ࡢᯫᶫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ ࡾࠊᩥἲኚࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢኚ㑄ࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ ࡉࡽᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 86
➼Ꮫᰯ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓྂᩥἲࡢ⩦ࢆࡋࠊࡑࢀᑐ ࢇࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ⛉┠ࢆ୍ே࡛ᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟ ẚࡉࡏ࡚⌧௦ᩥἲࡢ☜ㄆࡶ⾜࠸ࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ഛ࠼ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡢ⛉┠࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᢸᙜ⪅ྠኈࡀ ࡿࠋ ពぢࢆ⾜࠸㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ࢆᅗࡿࡇࢆᚰࡅ ࡘ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ❧ሙ࠶ࡗࡓ ࡚࠸ࡃࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡁࠊᐇ⩦⏕ࡢྂᩥἲ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ▱㆑ࡢஈ ࡋࡉࢆᐇឤࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㔠ᏊᏲẶࡶࠊᅜㄒ⛉ 㸱㸬㸴㸬㸰ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ ࡢ ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ⩦⏕ࡢྂࡸᅜㄒ㸦Ꮫ㸧 ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ 㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡢ࡞ࡉࡸஈࡋࡉࡢࡓࡵ༑ศ࡞ᩍ ἲ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ࡛ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϨࠖࡀ㛤 ᮦ◊✲ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㛫㐪ࡗࡓࡇࢆᩍ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ ㅮࡉࢀࡿࠋ⥲ྜᩥᏛ⛉ࡢᚲಟ⛉┠࠸࠺ࡇࡶ Ꮚࡶࡢ㉁ၥ㐺ษᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀࡼ ࠶ࡾࠊ27 ᖺᗘࡣ 32 ྡࡀᒚಟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡃ࠶ࡿࠊࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛຊపୗࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡿ㐺ษ࡞᭩ࡁゝⴥࡢ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(10)ࠋࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖྂసရࢆ ⩦ᚓࠊㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࠊㄽ᪨ࢆ᫂☜ᵓᡂࡍ ᩍᮦᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࡛࠶ ࡿຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋᮇ㛤ㅮࡢ ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠖࡢ㐃ᦠ࡛ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢᏛຊྥୖ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϩࠖࡣࠊᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟ⪅௨እࡣ㑅 ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ᢥ⛉┠࡞ࡿࠋᖺᗘࡣ 12 ྡࡀᒚಟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᩥἲࡢ⩦ᚓࢆᚭᗏⓗ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϨࠖࡢᏛ⩦ࡢୖ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᩥᏛ◊ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࢆᒚಟࡍࡿ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡞ࡗ ✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏Ꮫ⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊ ලయⓗࡣࠊⰰᕝ㱟அࡢࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ⣲ᮦ ᅜㄒ⛉࡛ᣦᑟࡍࡁ 3 㡿ᇦࠕヰࡍࡇ࣭⪺ࡃࡇࠖ ࡋ࡚◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃᤵᴗࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࠋᢸᙜ⪅ ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇࠖࠕㄞࡴࡇࠖࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖ ࡑࡢ⤊ᮇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓᚋࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖ ࡢᤵᴗ࡛㊊ࡀࡕ࠸ࢃࢀࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆᩍᮦࡋࡓᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺ࡋ ࠖࠕヰࡍࡇ࣭⪺ࡃࡇࠖ㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆ⩦ᚓ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡍࡿ(11)ࠋ᭩ࡁゝⴥ㛵ࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡢពᅗࡍࡿᤵᴗ┠ⓗࠊ 㛗ᩥࢆㄞࡳ࣏ࣥࢺࢆᢲࡉ࠼࡚せ⣙ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࠊ㏫ ᤵᴗᴫせࢆ௨ୗグࡍ(12)ࠋ ࡢㄽ᪨ࢆᣢࡘㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࠊពぢࢆ᫂☜ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲϩࠖࡣࠊ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵ ࡋ࡚ㄽ᪨ࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ⦎⩦࡞ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ ලయⓗ࡞⦎⩦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕୍ேࡦࡾࡢㄽ⌮ຊ ࠕᩥᏛࠖࡢ◊✲ㄽᩥ≉ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࢆ㣴࠺ࡶࠊⓗ☜࡞᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ཬࡧㄽᩥࡢᵓ ᩥ⣔ࡢㄽᩥ⯡ࢆど㔝ධࢀ࡚ࠊࡶࡗࡶᇶᮏ ᡂຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊヰࡋゝⴥࠊ⪺ࡁゝⴥ ⓗ࡞ࢫࢱࣝࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ ࡢᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࠊᩗㄒ⾲⌧࡞ࡢࠊⓎ㡢࣭ࢡࢭ ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ୍ᡭẁࡋ࡚ࠕᩥᏛࠖࢆ⣲ᮦ ࣥࢺࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ㡢ኌᏛࡢせ⣲ࡶຍ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕ⨶⏕㛛ࠖࡶࡑࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ᒚಟ⪅ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛉┠࡛ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍᖌ ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢసရศᯒࡀࡲࡎᚲせࡔࡀࠊ ࡋ࡚ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊྠᮇᒚಟࡍࡿ ୖグࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࡞ࡾᇶᮏⓗ࡞ศᯒࢆ୰ᚰ ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࠖࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗά⏝ࡉࡏࡿࡇ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏫࠸࠺ࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ ࡛ࠊ4 ᖺḟ⾜࠺ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ഛ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ᤵᴗᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㒊ศࡶከ࠸ࠋ㸦ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊศ ẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛Ꮫࡪࡇࡼࡾࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡀ㌟ ᯒ⮬యࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠼ࡿ㸧 ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ᩍ⛉ ࠙ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢどⅬࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓ 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢ୧᪉ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ୍ேࡦ ࡇࠚ ࡾࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆぢᒆࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁ ձཎࠕ᫇≀ㄒࠖࡢẚ㍑ศᯒࡋ࡚
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 87
࣭ⰰᕝࡀࠊཎ௨ୖ⨶⏕㛛࿘㎶࠾ࡼࡧ୰ࡢ ࡍᩥࡽே≀㸦ୗே㸧ࡢ㈨㉁ࡸᚰ⌮ࢆㄞࡳࡿࡇ Ⲩᗫࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿⅬࡸࠊே≀㐀ᆺ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ከ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࣭ேබࡀ᭱ᚋ┐ࡴရ≀ࡋ࡚ࠊⰰᕝࡀࠕ⪁ ࠸ࡿẚ႘⾲⌧࡞ࠊᑠㄝࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࡢධ㛛ᩍᮦࡋ ፠ࡢ╔≀ࠖࡔࡅࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ࡚ࡣࠊ㐺ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺(13)ࠋࠖ ࣭ேබࡢタᐃࢆࠊࠕ┐ேࠖࡽࠕୗேࠖኚ࠼ ㏙࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡓࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࠋ ☜ᑠㄝࡢㄞゎࡢᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿሙ㠃ࡸ≧ἣࠊⓏ ղ⪁፠ࡢᙺࡘ࠸࡚ ሙே≀ࡢタᐃࡢᢲࡉ࠼᪉ࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡢ㐺ࡋࡓ ࣭ୗேࡀ᭱ึ⪁፠ࢆࠕᝏࠖỴࡵࡅࡓࡢࡣ ᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡛⏝ࡋ࡚ ࡞ࡐࠋ ࠸ࡿࠊᅜㄒ⥲ྜ⌧௦ᩥ⦅㸦ᮾி᭩⡠㸧ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ ࣭ୗேࡀ⪁፠ࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡃែᗘࡽࠊୗேࡢ࠺ ࡣᏛ⩦ࡢ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ 㸦㸯㸧ヰࡢᒎ㛤༶ࡋ࡚ࠊᥥࢀࡓᬒࡸస୰ே ࡇࢀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࠊୗேࡢࠕࡁࡧࠖࡢᣢࡘᙺ ≀ࡢᚰࡢ᥎⛣ࢆㄞࡳࡿࠋ ࡶὀពࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧ᑠㄝࢆㄞࢇ࡛⯆࣭㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗࡓࡇࢆㄪ ࣭⪁፠⮬㌟ࡢୗேᑐࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡶ ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࠊㄢ㢟ࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿែᗘࢆ㌟ࡘ ࡢࠋ ࡅࡿࠋ ึฟࠕ⨶⏕㛛ࠖࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸ࡶὀពࡍ ࡢ㸰ࡘࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨๓ࡣ㸦㸯㸧ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂ ࡿࠋ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࠕㄞࡴࡇࠖࡢࡳຊⅬࢆ⨨ࡁࠊࠕ⪁ ճ┐ே࡞ࡿຬẼࡘ࠸࡚ ፠ࡢฟ࠸ࡼࡾኚࡋࡓୗேࡢᚰ⌮ࡢ᥎⛣ ࣭ୗேࡢᚰ⌮ኚࢆ㏣࠸ࡅ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ၿࡶᝏࡶᚭᗏࡋ࠼࡞࠸Ᏻᐃ࡞ே ࣭ୖグղࡢ㛵㐃ࡽࠊ⪁፠ᑐࡍࡿࠕࠖ 㛫ࡢጼࢆᥥࡁࠊ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵㄡࡋࡶࡀᣢࡘ࢚ࢦ ὀ┠ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ࢬ࣒ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓసရ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㢟ࢆࡲࡵ࡚ࡇࡢ ࡇࢀࡽࢆࠊ㉁ᛂ⟅ࡸᑠࢸࢫࢺⓗ࡞ࣉࣜࣥࢺ ༢ඖࢆ⤊࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠕ᥈ồᆺᤵᴗࠖࡣ ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏛ⏕⪃࠼ࡉࡏࠊᩍဨࡀࡲ ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦㸰㸧ࡢ┠ᶆ฿㐩ࡍࡿᤵᴗᒎ㛤ࡀ࡞ ࡵࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ 600㹼800 Ꮠࡢᑠㄽᩥࡲ ࡉࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࠕ᥈✲ᆺᤵᴗࠖࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡞ࡿ ࡵࡉࡏࠊῧ๐ࡋ࡚㏉༷ࡍࡿࠋㄽᩥࡉࢀࡓࡶ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛ࠖᇵ ࡢࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ㐍ᤖ≧ἣࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ3㹼4 ᮏࡢ ࡗࡓㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᭩ࡃࡇࠖࡸࠕヰ ᑠㄽᩥࢆసᡂࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡍࡇ࣭⪺ࡃࡇࠖࢆࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗᑟධࡍࡿࡇ ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡣࠊᅜㄒࡢᩍဨࡢචチࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿ ከࡃࡢᩍᮦࢆࡗ࡚ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆඃ ࡓࡵࡢᚲಟ⛉┠࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏᏛ⛉ࡢᑓ㛛⛉┠࡛ ඛࡍࡿࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗෆ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆぢ ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊୖグࡢዴࡃ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏⦎ ࡘࡅㄪ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡽᶍᨃᤵᴗ ⩦ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡀࡉࢀ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡣ㞴ࡋࡃࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࠶ࡿ㉁ၥ㡯ࢆ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ 1 ᖺࡢᑠㄝᩍᮦࡢࠕᐃ ࡇ࡞ࡍࡔࡅࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ ␒ࠖゝࢃࢀࠊ㧗ᰯධᏛࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࠊ ❶ἲࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠࠾࠸࡚ࠊ◊✲ ᭱ึᑠㄝࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿᩍᮦࡋ࡚㛗ᖺᢅ ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓୖ࡛స ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ᒣ⩏Ặࡣࠊ ရࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃㄞࡳ㐍ࡵࠊ⮬ࡽ㢟ࢆ᥈✲ࡋࡓୖ࡛ ࠕẚ㍑ⓗ᫂ᛌ࡛ᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࣉࣟࢵࢺࠊே≀ ᶍᨃᤵᴗ⮫ࡴࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࡣࠊ⏕ᚐ⪃࠼ 㸦ୗே㸧ࡢᚰ⌮ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡋ࡚㏲୍㏣࠺ ࡉࡏ⯆ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿෆᐜࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗᑡࡋࡎࡘ ࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᒎ㛤ࠊே≀㸦ୗே㸧ࡢ⾜ືࢆ࠶ࡽࢃ ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࠊᑠㄽᩥࢆୖࡆࡿࡢ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 88
ኚⱞປࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠾㝜 㸲㸬ᩍ⫋ᩍ⛉ ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜ
࡛㧗ᗘ࡞ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ2 ࡘࡢ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍ⫋㛵 ⛉┠ࡀ 2 ேࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡢඹྠࡼࡗ࡚㐃ᦠ᥋⥆ ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠊᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢ㓄ᙜᖺḟ࠶ࡓࡗ ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡢ㣴ᡂ㈨ ࡚ࡣࠊ4 ᖺ㛫ࢆ 5 ࡘࡢᮇศࡅ࡚ᵓᡂࡋࠊࠕᐇ㊶ ࡍࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࢆ㌟ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ௨ୗࠊᅜㄒ⛉ࢆྲྀࡾࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࡡࡽ࠸ෆᐜ ࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ ᮇ ࡡࡽ࠸ ෆᐜ ➨ ᩍ⫋ࡢពḧ ࣭Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᇶᮏࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫋ㄽ࣭Ꮫᰯࡢไᗘ➼ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᩍဨᩍ⫱ ୍ ྥୖᮇ㸦1 ᖺḟ ࣭⫋ᴗேࡋ࡚ࡢᩍဨࡘ࠸࡚ල ࡢ⌮ᛕࡸṔྐ࣭ᛮࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ ᮇ ๓ᮇ㸧 యⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࠊᩍ⫋ ព⩏ࡸᩍဨࡢᙺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ㄢ⛬࡛✚ᴟⓗᏛࡧࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨ ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࣭᪥ᮏྂᩥᏛྐࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊసရࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ ࡓ௦⫼ᬒࡸྛ௦ࡢ㢼⩦័࡞ࢆ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛྐ㸦ྂ௦࣭୰࣭ྂ୰ୡ࣭ Ꮫࡪࠋ ㏆ୡ㸧ࡢయീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ
➨ Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱⌮ゎ ࣭ࡇࡶࡢᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ ࣭ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ㄽ࣭ᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩Ꮫ⩦ㄢ⛬࡛ࠊ ᮇ ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ⓗ☜࡞ุ᩿ࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡇࡶࡢⓎ㐩ᛂࡌࡓᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦ ᮇ 㸦1 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㸧 ࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ᑟࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟ࡅࡿࠋ ࣭᪥ᮏ㏆௦ᩥᏛྐࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊ๓௦ẚ㍑ࡋ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛྐ㸦࣭᫂ṇ࣭㸧 ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᩥᏛྐࢆὶࢀࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡍࡿຊ ࡢయീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ
➨ ᇶ♏ⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ᚲせ࡞ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࣭㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮ㄽ᪉ἲ࣭≉ูάືࡢ⌮ㄽ ୕ ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ ࢆ㌟ࡅࠊከᵝ࡞ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࢆ ᪉ἲ࣭⏕ᚐᣦᑟㄽ࣭ᩍ⫱┦ㄯ➼࡛ࠊᏛ ᮇ 㸦2 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㹼 ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࡑࢀࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ ⩦ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ 3 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 ࡃࠋ ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ేタ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼ᏛᰯᤵᴗぢᏛ ࣭ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛⾜࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ㉱ࡁࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿほᐹ ྛᩍ⛉ࡢෆᐜᣦᑟἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࣭ᩍ⫱┦ㄯ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ㄢ㢟 ࣭ᑠㄽᩥࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࡼࡾㄽ⌮ⓗ ࢆ᥈ồࠊ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ࡞ᛮ⪃ຊ࣭ᵓᡂຊ࡞ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ࣭ㆤ➼య㦂ࡢᐇ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛࡢⓎᒎⓗᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡼ ࡾ῝࠸ㄞゎຊᛮ⪃ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ࣭᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ ⾲⌧ࠊ₎ᩥࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࣭ྂ㏆௦ᩥᏛ➼ࡢ ᤵᴗ࡛᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲⌧ࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࠊከࡃࡢస ရࢆㄞࡳᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗ ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࠋ
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 89
➨ Ⓨᒎⓗᩍ⫱ᐇ ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ྥࡅ࡚ࠊᩍ⛉ᑓ㛛⛉ ࣭ᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛᩍ⛉ࡢ ᅄ ㊶ຊ㣴ᡂᮇ ┠ࢆᚭᗏⓗᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ᩍᤵἲࢆᏛࡪࠋ ᮇ 㸦3 ᖺḟᚋᮇ㹼 4 ᖺḟ๓ᮇ㸧 ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊᩍဨ ࣭ᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࡢ๓ᣦᑟ ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆ⌮ゎ࣭ ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛ◊✲ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡࠊ୰ᅜ ࡢᩥᏛ➼ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᢅ࠺సရࡘ࠸࡚ࢢ ࣭1 ᖺḟࡽᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ᪥ᮏᩥᏛ ࣮ࣝࣉࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᐇ㊶ຊ ࡸ୰ᅜᩥᏛ➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡞ ࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ࡿ◊㛑ࢆ✚ࡳࠊ୍ᒙࡢ῝ࢆᅗ ࡿࠋ
➨ ⮬Ⓨⓗ⮬ᕫ◊ ⮬ࡽࡢᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆࡾ㏉ࡾࠊㄢ㢟 ࣭ᩍ⫋ᐇ㊶₇⩦࠾࠸࡚ࠊᒚಟ࢝ࣝࢸࢆ⏝ 㛑ᮇ㸦4 ᖺḟᚋ ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿຊࢆ㌟ ࠸࡚ࠊ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿຊࢆࡢࡼ࠺㌟ ᮇ ᮇ㸧 ࡅࡿດຊࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᏛ ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࢆ᥈ồࠊᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡧ⥆ࡅࡿ⣲ᆅࢆసࡿࠋ ࣭༞ᴗ◊✲ࢆసᡂ
㸳㸬᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦࣭ᣦᑟἲ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛ ᡂ 33㸧ᖺᗘࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀ 2022㸦ᖹᡂ 34㸧ᖺᗘ௨ ࢽࣥࢢ 㝆ᐇࡉࢀࡿࠋ㠃ᨵᐃࡢ┠⋢ࡢࡦࡘࡀࠕ㸿 ௨ୖࠊᩍဨࡢ㈨㉁ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࠕ 㹊ࠖࡤࢀࡿᏛ⩦࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢᑟධ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᑂ㆟ࡢὶࢀࢆ᳨ウࡍ ཝࡋ࠸ᣮᡓࡢ௦࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ୍ ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ࠸ࡘࡢ ᒙ㐍ᒎࡋࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡾࠊᖾ⚟ ௦ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㈨㉁ࡢୖ❧ࡗ࡚௦ࡢኚ ࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࢀࡿࡇࢆ㢪࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ㸿㹊ࡘ࠸࡚ క࠸ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ⬟ຊࡀᚤጁኚ㑄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ㅎၥࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡀࢃࡿࠋึࡵࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ ࠕఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡢࠖ࠸࠺▱㆑ࡢ㉁ࡸ㔞ࡢᨵ ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀᐇ㊶ⓗ⬟ຊゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋḟ ၿࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇࠊࠕࡢࡼ࠺Ꮫࡪࡢࠖ ࡑࡢ⬟ຊᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ ࠸࠺ࠊᏛࡧࡢ㉁ࡸ῝ࡲࡾࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡓࠋࡉࡽࠕ᥈ồᆺ࣭༠ാᆺࠖᤵᴗࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄢ㢟ࡢⓎぢゎỴྥࡅ࡚య ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡧ᪉ࡀࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ ⓗ࣭༠ാⓗᏛࡪᏛ⩦㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢡࢸ ࣥࢢ㸦௨ୗࠊ㸿㹊㸧ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡼࡾ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࠖ㸧ࡸࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᑟࡢ᪉ἲ యⓗࠊ⬟ືⓗᤵᴗཧຍࡉࡏࡿຊࡀせồࡉ ➼ࢆᐇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ⡆₩ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㸿㹊ࡣࠊ༢࡞ࡿࠕ▱㆑ఏ㐩ᆺࠖ 2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺ 11 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࠊୗᮧ༤ᩥ࣭ᩥ ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ⬟ືⓗᤵᴗཧ 㒊⛉Ꮫ┦㸦ᙜ㸧ࡣࠊ୰ᩍᑂᑐࡋ࡚ࠕึ➼୰➼ ຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᤵᴗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᇶ‽➼ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸ Ꮫ⩦࣭ᣦᑟἲࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡛ࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ ࡚ㅎၥࡋࡓࠋ୰ᩍᑂࡣ⣙ 2 ᖺࢆࡅ࡚ᑂ㆟ࡋ 2016 24㸧ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢᩍဨồࡵࡽࢀ 㸦ᖹᡂ 28㸧ᖺᗘࡣ⟅⏦ࡉࢀࡿぢ㏻ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿ㈨㉁⬟ຊࠖࡢ㡯┠ࠕㄢ㢟᥈ồᆺࡢᏛ⩦ࠊ༠ാ ᩥ⛉┬ࡣ୰ᩍᑂࡢ⟅⏦ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆ ⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࢆࢹࢨ࡛ࣥࡁࡿ⬟ຊࠖ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ 㠃ᨵᐃࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ࠊḟᮇᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡣࠊᑠᏛ ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ᤵᴗᙧែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ ᰯࡀ 2020㸦ᖹᡂ 32㸧ᖺᗘࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡀ 2021㸦ᖹ せ㡿᫂☜♧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡲ࡛ࡼࡾࡶᤵᴗ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 90
ࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࢆࡼࡾ୍ᒙ᥈ồᆺࢆព㆑ࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࢆᏛࢇࡔ࠸࠺ኌࡶከࡃ⪺ࢀࡓࠋᢸᙜ⪅ࡀᮏ ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㹕㹑࡛┠ⓗࡋࡓࠊࠕᑐヰࡼࡾࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ㄢ㢟 㸿㹊ࡣࡶࡶࠊ2012㸦ᖹᡂ 24㸧ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ୰ ࢆࢡࣜࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡣᯝࡓࡏࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ᮍ᮶ࢆ⠏ࡃࡓࡵࡢᏛᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ ࠕึᑐ㠃ࡢேࡢ⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡣࠊᏛ⏕ ⓗ㌿ྥࡅ࡚ 㸫⏕ᾭᏛࡧ⥆ࡅࠊయⓗ⪃࠼ ࡢᏛᰯᩍဨࢆྵࡵࡓᑵ⫋άືࠊࡉࡽࡣ♫ฟ ࡿຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿᏛ㸫࡛ࠖᥦゝࡉࢀࠊᏛᩍ⫱ ࡚ࡽࡶ⏕ࡁࡿయ㦂࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ㏙࡚࠾ࡽࢀ ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ◊ ࡿࠋ ✲ᐇ㊶ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ ࠕ⮬ࡽయࢆືࡋࡓࡾࠊᛮ⪃ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿᤵᴗࡢ ἲࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᏛ⏕ࡼࡾయⓗ⬟ືⓗ ࠺ࡀᐃ╔ᗘࡣୖࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺㸿㹊ࡑ ᤵᴗཧຍࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡛ ࡢࡶࡢࡢព⩏ࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡢ⏬ࡣࠊ ᢅ࠺ᩥᏛసရࢆ㸿㹊࡛Ꮫࡪ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᶍ⣴ ᡂຌ⤊ࢃࡗࡓࠋࡲ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶᰂ㌾ཷࡅṆ ୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰ࠊࠕྂᩥᏛࢆࢡࢸ ࡵࡿ⣲ᆅࡀᏛ⏕ࡣ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡛Ꮫࡪࠖ࠸࠺ᩥᏐࡀ㣕ࡧ㎸ࢇ ࡓࠋᏛᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ⓗ㌿ࢆồࡵ࡚ᥦゝࡉࢀࡓ㸿㹊 ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠊព㆑ࢆኚ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣᩍ ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࡢ࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡉࢆᏛ⏕ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ࠊᏛ ဨഃ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᏛ⏕ࡀ⬟ືⓗᏛࡪᤵᴗࡢᅾࡾ᪉ ⏕⮬㌟ࡶࡗ⪃࠼࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋᏛ⏕⮬ಙࢆࡘࡅ ࢆ㏣ồࡋࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛㸿㹊ᆺᶍᨃᤵᴗࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢࠋࠖ ࡿேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊึ ࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡋࡓၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ 5 Ꮫࡢᩍဨ ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ࡶࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ (14)ࡀࠊ2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ᆺᤵᴗࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡋ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ◊✲ࠖࢆⓎ㊊ࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 2015 ࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⫋㐣⛬ࢆᒚಟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ࡀࠊᑗ᮶ᩍ⫋ 㸦ᖹᡂ 27㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊᏛࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚᪥ᮏ ᑵ࠸ࡓࡁᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡢ⫋ົⴭࡋ ᩥᏛࡢᏛࡧࢆ┒ࡾ࠶ࡆࡓ࠸ࠊᏛ⏕ࡓࡕᩥᏛࢆᏛ ࠸ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࡧࡘࡘࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚ࡋ ࡢᇶ♏ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀㄢ⛬ㄆྍࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸ࠊ࠸࠺㢪࠸ࡽࠊ5 Ꮫྜྠ࡛ࡢᩥᏛ࣮࣡ࢡ Ꮫࡢ㈐ົ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᩍ⫋ ࢩࣙࢵࣉ㸦௨ୗࠊ㹕㹑㸧ࢆ⏬ࡉࢀࡓ(15)ࠋཧຍࡋ 㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ༠ຊ ࡓ 27 ྡࡢᏛ⏕ࢆ 5 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅࠊࢤ࣮࣒➼࡛ ࡋ࡚ࠊẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࡀ㣴ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ⥭ᙇࢆࡄࡋࡓᚋࠊ࣓ࣥࡢ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿḷ≀ㄒ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢసᡂ⮫ࢇࡔࠋㄢ㢟ࡣࠕ㉳ࡁࡶࡏࡎᐷࡶࡏ࡛ኪ ࠕ⥲ྜᩍ⫱ᢏ⾡ࠖࡣࠊḟᮇᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ࣮࢟ ࢆ࠶ࡋ࡚ࡣࡢࡶࡢ࡚࡞ࡀࡵࡃࡽࡋࡘࠖࡢḷ ࣮࣡ࢻࠕࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ↔Ⅼࠖ㢟ࡋ ࢆྵࢇࡔ≀ㄒࡢసᡂࡑࡢ₇࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛ⮬ࡀ ࡚≉㞟ࢆ⤌ࡳᩍ⛉ู㸿㹊ࡢᤵᴗࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࢆ ḷࡢゝⴥࡽീࢆᗈࡆࠊࡇࡢḷࡀャࡲࢀᚓࡿ⫼ ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶ୰Ꮫᰯᅜㄒ⛉ࡢලయⓗᐇ㊶ ᬒࡸୡ⏺ほࢆ࣓࣮ࢪࡋ࡚⬮ᮏࢆసࡾࢆసᡂ ࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᩍ⛉ㄪᰝᐁᮡᮏ┤ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛࡢᏛ⏕ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࠊ ⨾Ặࡢヰ(16)ࡣࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᮐᖠᕷ❧୰ ࠾࠸ࡢከᵝ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡦࡘࡢసရࡲ ኸ୰Ꮫᰯ➨ 3 Ꮫᖺࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸦ᖹᡂ 26 ᖺᗘ㸧ࢆ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃసᴗࡣᐜ᫆࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ ⤂ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗᴫ␎ࢆ㏙ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿࠋཧຍࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ␗ཱྀྠ㡢ࡲࡵࡿ㞴ࡋࡉ ⏕ᚐࡢㄒᙡࢆ㇏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣦᑟࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊពぢࢆฟࡋྜࡗ࡚ࢫࢺ࣮ ᚑ᮶ࡣࠊ㈨ᩱ㞟ࢆ➼ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㢮⩏ㄒࡸᑐ⩏ㄒࠊ ࣮ࣜࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡣᴦࡋࡃࠊࡇࡢ㹕㹑ࡽ ࡇࢃࡊࡸ័⏝ྃ࡞ࢆࡲࡵ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏࡿ᪉ ḷࡢゎ㔘ࡢከᵝᛶࠊゝⴥࡢຊࠊᩥᏛࢆᏛࡪព࡞ ἲࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋຠ⋡ⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⏕ᚐࡀゝ
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 91
ⴥᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵࠊయⓗάືࡍࡿᏛ⩦ ࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࢆࠊᒚಟᏛ⏕ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮐᖠᕷ❧୰ኸ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᐇ㊶ࡣࠊᢸ ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛ㄽᩥࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡋ࡚ฟࡉࢀࡓ 3 ᙜࡋࡓ᭶ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ሗ㸦Ꮨ⠇➼㛵㐃ࡍࡿゝ ࡘࡢどⅬࡘ࠸࡚㡰ࢆ㏣ࡗ࡚ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ ⴥ㸧ࢆྛ⏕ᚐࡀ㞟ࡵࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ヰࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ ࡀ࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡉࡽࠕ᭩ࡃάືࠖࡸࠕヰࡍάື࣭ ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᙧࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺Ꮫ⩦άື ⪺ࡃάືࠖࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᶍᨃᤵᴗᑟධࡉࡏࡿ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࡀ 1 ᖺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍᐊᥖ♧ ࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊㄒྃࡢ⯆㛵ᚰࡀᣢ⥆ࡉࢀࠊᐇ ࡇࢆࠊᗘࡣ⏕ᚐࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࢆ ⏕ά⏕ࡁ࡚ാࡃᅜㄒࡢ⬟ຊࡋ࡚ᐃ╔ࡀᅗࡽ సᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲ࡛Ꮫࡪഃ ࢀࡿࠋẶࡣࠕࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᤵᴗࡀ㸿㹊ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡢࡦ ࠶ࡗࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࡣࠊᏛࡤࡏࡿഃ ࡘࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ❧ࡘࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ࢆୖᡭࡉࡏࡿ ࠋࠖ㏙࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࠋẶࡢゝⴥࡽࠊ㸿㹊 ࡢࡀᢸᙜ⪅ࡢᙺ┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ᴫᛕࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ ᚋࡶࠕᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢᢸᙜᩍဨඹྠ ࡞ࡃࠊࡲ࡛ࡢᤵᴗᑡࡋࡢᕤኵࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㸿㹊ᆺᶍᨃᤵᴗࠖࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ ⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࠋࡉࡽ㸿㹊ࡣᏛ⩦ ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᩍ⛉㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᪉ἲࡢᅛᐃࡢᆺࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕࡇࢀ 㧗࠸ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ㅮ⩏ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇࠊࡑࢀࡀ ࡀ㸿㹊ࡢࡦࡘࠖゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࢆࠊᩍဨࡀయⓗ ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡢ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ ⪃࠼ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᏛ ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࡢᶍᨃᤵᴗࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᢸᙜᩍ ࢇࡔࠋ ဨ㐃ᦠࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐇ ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ㸿㹊࡛Ꮫࡪ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳ ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ㣴ᡂྥࡅ࡚ࠊᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢᐇࢆᅗࡾࠊ ࡓࡁࠊࠕ᪥ᮏᩥᏛࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ◊✲ Ꮫ⏕ࡀᩍ࠼ࡿഃ❧ࡗࡓࡁ㸿㹊ᆺࡢᤵᴗᒎ ࠖࡀࠊྂᩥᏛࢆ㹕㹑ࡢᐇ㊶࡛Ꮫ⏕⬟ືⓗ 㛤ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀࠊᅜ ᩥᏛࢆᏛࡤࡏࡓࡼ࠺ࠊୗேࡢᚰ⌮ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲᢸᙜ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ ศࡅ࡚ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡀᛮ࠸ᾋ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡪࠋࡋࡋࠊึࡵࡽࠕࡣ࠸ࠊ࡞ࡐୗேࡢᚰࠊ ┐ே࡞ࡿຬẼࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢࠊヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ グ ࠺ࠖゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ពぢࡣࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡔ ᮏ✏ࢆᡂࡍ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗ ࢁ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀࠊᑠㄽᩥࢆ㸱ᮏ᭩ ෆᐜࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࡇࢆࡈᢎㅙࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓᮏᏛᩍ ࡏࡿ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࢢ࣮ࣝ ᤵᰗἑᏕᏊẶ῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣉ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᐇࡋ࡞࠸ᐇࡋࡓពぢࡣฟ࡞࠸ࠋ ึࡵࡽࠕࡣ࠸ࠊࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࠸ࡗ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ࡢⷧ ὀ ࠸ヰࡋฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣᏛࡢᤵᴗࡣゝ 㸦1㸧ᆏ⏣௮㸸2007㸪ࠕ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲᩥゎㄝࠖ㸪ᩍ ⫱㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤ㸪ᮾி㸪16 㡫 ࠼࡞࠸ࠋヰࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊከࡃࡢసရࢆ⣲ᮦ 㸦2㸧ᆏ⏣௮Ặࡢࠕḟࡢᨵṇࡣࠊᪧἲࡢᨵṇ࠸࠺ᙧ ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡇࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࢆ┠ⓗ ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ๓ᩥࢆྵࡴ㠃ᨵṇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᐇୖࠊ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢไᐃ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ἲࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮࣡ࢡ ࡞࠸ࠋ᪂ἲࡢไᐃ࠸࠺ᙧᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡏࡎᨵṇࡋ ࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊಶேࡢᑛཝࠊே᱁ࡢᡂࠊᖹⓗ࡞ᅜ ࡲ࡛ᐇࡍࡿࡇࡣ㛫ⓗཝࡋ࠸ࡶゝࢃࢀ ᐙࠊ♫ࡢᙧᡂ࠸ࡗࡓᪧᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢ⌮ᛕࢆ⥅ ࡿࠋ ᢎࡍࡿጼໃࢆෆእ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ 㸦๓ᥖࠊࠗ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲᩥゎㄝ࠘9 㡫㸧࠸࠺ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࡛ࡑࡢᚋࢆᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚ࠊ ㄽᚑ࠸ࠊࠕ᪂ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠖࡪࠋ ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࢆ㸿㹊ᆺᤵᴗ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿࡣ࠺ࡍ 㸦3㸧Ლ⏣ཿ୍㸸2008㸪ࠗ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢ⌮ᛕ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 92
ㄢ㢟࠘Ɇ☜࡞Ꮫຊࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓ⏕ࡁࡿຊࢆɆ㸪 ᅗ᭩ᩥ♫㸪ᮾி㸪㸵㡫 㸦4㸧ᣋ✏㸸2010㸪㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛₇ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋 Ꮫ⣖せ➨ 9 ྕ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㹙⏕ࡁࡿຊ㹛ࢆ㣴࠺ ᪉⟇ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ₇ࠖࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᥦゝࢆ ࡋࡓࠋ 㸦5㸧ụ⏣⪔స㸸2015㸪ࠕᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊࢆ⫱ࡴᏛࡢ ᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࠖ Ỉ♫㸪ᗈᓥ㸪6 㡫 㸦6㸧ᰗຬ࣭ᇼỤᛅ㐨࣭ᒣᮏఙ㸸2011㸪ࠕᅜㄒ ⛉ᣦᑟἲࡢᐇ㊶㈨ᩱࠖ㸪ᩥ♫㸪ᮾி㸪11 㡫 㸦7㸧⏕㔝㔠୕㸸2008㸪ࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲɆᐇ㊶ⓗᣦᑟຊ ࡢᇶ♏ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࣮ࠖ㸪ࠗⓑ㮆Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ 㒊ㄽ㞟࠘㸰㸦㸯㸧㸪37-56 㡫 㸦8㸧ᮏᏛࡣᖹᡂ 21 ᖺᗘᩍ⫋ㄢ⛬ࡀ᪂タࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕᅜ ㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡣᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘࡼࡾ㛤ㅮࠋᒚಟ⪅ࡣ 22 ᖺᗘ㹼27 ᖺᗘࡢ㡰࡛ࠊ2࣭3࣭3࣭2࣭4࣭1 ྡ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ28 ᖺᗘࡣ 4 ྡࡀ๓Ⓩ㘓ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦9㸧ేタᰯࡢ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᅜㄒ⛉ࡢᑓ௵ᩍㅍࡋ ࡚ࠊ 61 ᖺᗘࡽᖹᡂ 14 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࠊࡉࡽྠ ᰯࡢᰯ㛗ࡋ࡚ᖹᡂ 15 ᖺᗘࡽᖹᡂ 20 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ ዊ⫋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ 㸦10㸧㔠ᏊᏲ㸸1997㸪ࠕᩍ⫱⌧ሙࡽぢࡓᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢ ၥ㢟 ࠗᅜㄒ⛉ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢㄢ㢟࠘ࠖ㸪᫂ᅗ᭩ 㸪 ᮾி㸪204 㡫 㸦11㸧㒔⠏つᖾ㸸2011㸪ࠕࠗᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲ࠘ࡢᤵᴗᨵ ၿ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ Ɇ⚾❧Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰ࣮ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪩ ✄⏣ᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉⣖せู࠘ 19 ྕɆ1㸪 251-262 㡫 㒔⠏Ặࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗ᰯࡢᅜㄒᩍ⫱ᦠࢃࡿ ከࡃࡢᩍᖌࡀࠕ୍⯡⣔ࡢᏛᏛ㒊Ꮫ⛉ࡢฟ㌟⪅࡛ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏ⚾Ꮫᩍ⫱◊✲ᡤࡢㄪᰝ ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊࠕᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡢᤵᴗෆᐜࡀࠕㄞࡴ ࡇࠖ೫ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇࠖࡸࠕヰࡍࡇ࣭ ⪺ࡃࡇࠖࡢᣦᑟࡀ㊊ࡀࡕ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦12㸧ᮏ✏ࢆᡂࡍ࠶ࡓࡾࠊᢸᙜ⪅ࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦13㸧ᒣ⩏㸸2012㸪ࠕⰰᕝ㱟அࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘ࡢㄒ ࡾࢆ࠺ㄞࡴࠖ ࠗᩥᏛࡀᩍ⫱࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࣮ ࠕㄞࡴࡇࠖࡢ⛎㛋ࠑࡦࡸࡃࠒɆ࠘㸪 ᩍ⫱ฟ∧ ᰴᘧ♫㸪ᮾி㸪208 㡫 㸦14㸧ἲᨻᏛ࣭㥖⃝Ꮫ࣭ᡂ㋣Ꮫ࣭ᮾிዪᏊᏛ࣭ ᪥ᮏᏛࡢ㸳ࡘࢆ࠸࠺ࠋ 㸦15㸧ᑠᯘࡩࡳᏊ࣭୰ᔱ┿ஓ࣭୰㔝㈗ᩥ࣭ᖹ㔝ከᜨ㸸 2015㸪ࠕྂᩥᏛࢆࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡛ࡲ ࡞ࡪࠖ㸪࣏࣮ࠗࣜࢺ➟㛫㹌o.㸳㸶࠘㸪➟㛫᭩㝔㸪 ᮾி㸪5-8 㡫 㸦16㸧ᮡᮏ┤⨾㸸2015㸪ࠕㄢ㢟ゎỴⓗ࡞ゝㄒάືࡢ୍ ᒙࡢᐇࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠖ㸪ࠗ⥲ྜᩍ⫱ ᢏ⾡࠘㸪ᑠᏛ㤋㸪ᮾி㸪24-25 㡫
㸨ࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠖࠕ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟ࠖࠕᩍ⫱⫋ဨ㣴ᡂᑂ ㆟ࠖࠕ⮫ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟ࠖࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࠖࡢᮏᩥ ᘬ⏝ࡣࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡼࡿࠋ 㸨ᮏᏛࡢࠕᩍ⫋㛵ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠖࡢෆᐜグ㏙㝿ࡋ࡚ࠊ 2015 ᖺᗘࡢࢩࣛࣂࢫࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓࠋ
ᢿɟ≝ᛖᅹᏋඥ‒ ⃬ܱោႎਦݰщ↝Ꮛ↚Ӽↀ↕⃬‒ 93
Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology
ʊA study of Nurturing Practical Teaching Abilitiesʊ
Kazue Hattori≍1
⁅⁛‒
As teachers of elementary and secondary levels, our mission is to guide children to discover issues and solve them by themselves in order to cultivate children to become self-fulfilled, as well as contribute to society by extending their abilities and potential while cooperating and collaborating with people through life. Teachers with practical teaching abilities, those who are able to provide guidance to students through the stages of devel- opment of children, are currently in demand. However, it is not easy for university students, those who desire to be teachers, to ac-
quire practical teaching abilities naturally through working in future educational environ- ments. The base of practical teaching abilities should be nurtured for four years in uni- versity. The university provides the instruction for “the subjects related to teacher teach-
ing” and “the courses related to certain subject areas” by dividing the four-year course into five stages in order to acquire practical teaching abilities. This study will examine the purpose and content of each of the five stages and consider the importance of a trial lesson,
which is introduced in “Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology” ( in- structed by the author ) to learn practical teaching abilities. In addition to this, this study will refer to “Active Learning,” a method of instruction
that encourages children to learn independently, which is currently proposed to be intro- duced to elementary and secondary education.
äääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… Practical Teaching Abilities, the Subjects Related to Teacher Teaching, Japanese Language and Literature Teaching Methodology, Trial Lesson, Active Learning
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts kaichi International University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 95ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ԓ∝૰إ ‒≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ ‒ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑܖݱ ‒᪦ಏಅ↗ᡲઃↆ⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↄ↻јྙႎሥಏ֥Ꮛ૾ඥ ჽဋ‒ ̲ɟ 1
ఄ≕≓ఄ≏᭗ܖఄӏ↢ɶܖՃ˟↚ѮѦ≏ࠊϋ≗≕ఄ↝ݱۀࠊᏋ↖↭נྵ↸࠰≗உⅺ≘≒≒≔
←⇁ӕ↹ࠇⅾ↱↘܇↖ఄ≔ఄ↝᪦ಏᏋ↚↓ⅳ↕ਦݰяᚕ⇁ⅹↂ↙→↕ⅼ⅛ↂ↝≔≓࠰᧓ܖሁ
↷≏↖ಮ҄≏᪦ಏѣ↚ⅱ↕↸↻↺᧓↞Ҟถↆ↕ⅳ↺⅛↝ɶٶᚇⅻ̖͌≏↹↾٭ⅼⅾٻ↞ؾ ⅛↺ჺ᧓↖Ꮛјௐⅻɥⅻ→ਦݰ૾ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕ᎋݑↈ↹ ↕←↝ѣ⇁ↇ→ⅾ↹↗ᚇݑↈ↺↗≏ᬛ↙ѣⅼⅻᙸⅷ↱↘܇⅛இИ↚᧓↝̅ⅳ૾⇁ᙸႺↈ ‒
ↈↂ↗ⅻ↖ⅼ↺⅛ഏ↚јௐ↳فⅾ↺⅛↝ᬛ⇁ોծↈ↺ↂ↗↚↷→↕≏ጀ፼᧓⇁࠰᧓ૠҗ᧓ ඥӼɥᏋ૾ඥڌ↝⅝ႎ↙ܱោ↗ↆ↕ձⅤ̿᪦⇁ज़ↇ↕≆ॖԛ↝ⅱ↺ؕᄽጀ፼⇁ⅹↂ↙ⅵⅥղⅤ̾ ਦݰඥⅥմⅤ⇙∙⇕∞∑↝ጀ፼૾ඥ∝∁∞∑μ˳⇁ɥ↚᪪ⅺ↊ڌોծⅥճⅤ⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↄ↻ӳ ᐯЎ↝Ⴘ↖ᙸ↕≆ज़ↇ↕Ⅵ⇁ۋ↝૾ඥⅥյⅤቇҥ↙⇟⇙⇈∐∞⇭⇉∙⇖૾ඥⅥնⅤਦੱↈ↺ᐯЎ↺ ⅛ԓإ↖Ꭾⅳ↕↮↺Ⅵո࣭չⅤ᪦ಏ↝ಅ↗↝ᡲઃⅥ⇁ܱោئᎍⅺ↸ᩉ↻ڌշⅤ ԓ⇁↱↗↚ჺ᧓↖Ꮛјௐ⇁ɥↁ↺↰↝φ˳ႎ૾ඥ↳И࣎ᎍ↝јௐႎਦݰإↂ↻↸↝ܱោ ‒ ૾ඥ↚↓ⅳ↕܇↘↱↝ᐻԛ᧙࣎⇁᭗↰↺↗↗↱↚≏ᐯ↸᪦ಏᘙྵↈ↺↷↼ↂ↢ⅻ˳ज़↖ⅼ↺Ꮛ૾ ඥ⇁⇝⇟⇬∆҄ↆ⅛
äääääääääääääääääääää‒⇓⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ఄ ሥಏ֥ ஙሥಏ֥ ಏ֥ јௐႎਦݰඥܖݱ
ࡣࡌࡵ ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ⛉Ꮫ♫ࡢ㐍Ṍక࠸ᩍ⫱ ࡢ᪉ἲࡸෆᐜࡶኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋேࠎࡢ౯್ほࡶ 㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺ㸲᭶ࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ ࡼࡾ୍ᒙከᵝࡍࡿ୰㸪㡢ᴦᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿホ౯ ົ㸪ᕷෆ㸲㸰ᰯࡢᑠᏛᰯཬࡧ୰Ꮫᰯ㸰㸮ᰯࠊ ࡶኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ≉ᨺㄢᚋ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ㔠⟶ࢡ 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸯ᰯࡢ㡢ᴦᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦᑟຓゝࢆ࠾ ࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢάືࡶ㸯㸮ᖺ๓ẚ࡚ ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡁࡃኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫࡛Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡣ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛ
‒ ‒ 2015 ࠰ 10 உ 13 ଐӖྸ ࣈࡢάືࡶ♫ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ኚ࠼࡚࠸ A Study on the Effective Teaching Method of Wind and Percussion Instruments at Elementary schools. ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ *1 Shuichi Ishida ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂ㸪⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ຊ ᢿܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᨥ ‒ ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 96
ࡢ⫱ᡂ㸪༠ㄪᛶࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ឤᛶࢆ㧗ࡵ㸪 άື㈝⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ഛရᴦჾ㉎ධ㈝ࡣᕷ㈝㸪ᴦ ே㛫㛵ಀࢆᏛࡪࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ྿ዌᴦάືࢆ⦰ᑠ ㆕ࡸᾘ⪖ရ㈝➼ࡣಖㆤ⪅㈇ᢸ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯ ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢᨺㄢᚋ ࡀከ࠸ࠋ྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼ཧຍࡍࡿሙྜ㸪 ࡢάື㛫ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛㔠⟶ࢡࣛ ┴ࡲ࡛ࡣඣ❺ࡢ㏻㈝㸪ᴦჾ㐠ᦙ㈝ࡣᕷ㈝ ࣈࡸ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈࡢάືࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ ࡛㈝⏝ࡢ㸴⛬ᗘ⿵ຓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┴௨ୖ ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡓࡵࡣࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ ࡢ㐍ࢇࡔሙྜࡣ㏻㈝㸪ᴦჾ㐠ᦙ㈝㸪ᐟ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ Ἡ㈝ࡣฟሙඣ❺ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡰ㢠ᕷ㈝ ඣ❺ࡀ⟶ᡴᴦჾ⯆ࢆᣢࡕ㸪㡢ᴦࡢࡍࡤࡽ ࡛⿵ຓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡉࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚⮬ࡽᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ព ᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࡋ࡚ࡢᣦᑟయไࡣᣦᑟㄢᢸ ḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡣᩍ⛉ࡢᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ ᙜ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ㡢ᴦᤵᴗ➼㸪ᣦᑟ㸦㡢ᴦᢸᙜ㸧 ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡀᩍဨᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺せㄳゼၥࠋᩍဨ,ඣ❺⏕ 㸰㸮㸮㸳ᖺࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛㸪⚾ࡀᑠᏛ⏕࠾ࡇ ᚐ┤᥋ᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺไᗘ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᵝࠎ࡞ᣦᑟ࡛㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ▷㛫࡛ຠᯝ (ྛᏛᰯࡽᩍ⫱ጤဨᣦᑟㄢ㟁ヰ࡛┤᥋౫ ࡀ࡛ࡓࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ 㢗㸪ᣦᑟ᪥ࡢ᪥ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺไᗘࡣᑠᏛᰯ㸲ᖺ⏕ึᚰ 㸯᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿ⟶ᡴᴦჾᩍ⫱ࡢ ⪅ࡢᣦᑟࡸ㸳㸪㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢࢯࣟࡸྜዌᣦᑟࡶ┤᥋ ⌧≧ ⾜࠺ࠋࡉࡽࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼ࡢ㑅᭤ࡸᣦἲࡘ ࠸࡚ࡶࢻࣂࢫࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ 㸰㸮㸯㸳ᖺ㸷᭶㸯᪥⌧ᅾ㸪᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰 ࡲࡓ㸪ẖᖺ㸴᭶㸰᪥㛫ྛᏛᰯࡽᕼᮃ⪅ࢆ ᰯඣ❺ᩘࡣ㸰㸯㸳㸰㸳ேࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ྿ዌᴦࢡ ເ㞟㸪ᕷෆ၏୍ࡢᕷ❧㧗➼Ꮫᰯ྿ዌᴦ㒊ࡢ⏕ᚐ ࣛࣈ㸪㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ᩘࡣ㸯㸷 ྜྠ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ 㸴㸰ே࡛ඣ❺ᩘࡢ⣙㸷ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᯽ ᩥㄢദ㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࠕ᯽ሿࠖࡼࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ≉タࢡࣛࣈධ㒊࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ㸲ᖺ ྿ዌᴦ㸪㔠⟶ࣂࣥࢻࡢᇶ♏⦎⩦ࡸྜዌ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ ⏕௨ୖ࡛㸪㸲ᖺ⏕㸴㸳㸯ே㸪㸳ᖺ⏕㸴㸱㸷ே㸪 ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ 㸴ᖺ⏕㸴㸵㸰ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚ᑠᏛ⏕ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㧗ᰯ⏕ࡶࡇࡢࠕ᯽ ᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰ᰯ୰㸪྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ➼ ሿࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡃᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ࣥࢶ࣮࣐ ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࡣ㸱㸰ᰯ࡛᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯࡢ ࣥࡢ⦎⩦ࡸࣃ࣮ࢺ⦎⩦㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ྜዌࠋᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ ⣙㸵㸴ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ▐ࡃ㛫㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢ㡢Ⰽ㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡃࠋ㸰᪥┠ ᯽ᕷ⊂⮬࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ࡢ₇ዌⓎ⾲ᶵࡣ ࡢ᭱ᚋᡂᯝⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚ࢥࣥࢧ࣮ࢺࢆᑠᏛ⏕㧗 㸳᭶ࠕࡋࢃᕷẸⱁ⾡⚍ࠖ㸦๓ᖺᗘࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ ᰯ⏕ྜྠࡢྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡈ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ㸦ྛࢢࣝ ➼࡛≉ඃ⚽࡞ᡂ⦼࡛࠶ࡗࡓᏛᰯࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿ ࣮ࣉࡣᑠᏛ⏕⣙㸲㸮ே㸪㧗ᰯ⏕⣙㸲㸮ே࡛ᵓᡂ㸪 㸯㹼㸰ᰯ⛬ᗘ㸧ࠊ㸴᭶ࠕ᯽ᕷᑠ୰㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㡢ᴦ ᖺ㸲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⛬ᗘ㸧ࠋࡑࡢ㸪᯽ᕷࡣࠕ㒊άື ࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝࠖ㸦ᖺ,ᑠᏛᰯ㸲㸰ᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ ᣦᑟ⪅ὴ㐵ᴗࠖࡋ࡚ྛᴦჾࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࢆྛᏛ 㸰㸮ᰯ㸪ィ㸴㸰ᰯ୰㸪ᕼᮃไ࡛㸱㸮ᰯ⛬ᗘࡀཧ ᰯὴ㐵ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ┤᥋ᣦᑟࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ ຍ㸧ࠊ㸯㸮᭶ࠕ᯽ᕷᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㡢ᴦⓎ⾲ࠖ㸦㸲 ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᪥㛫࡛᯽ᕷ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㸴㸰ᰯࡍ࡚ࡀཧຍ㸧ࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋ
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 97ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
᯽ᕷ❧ᑠᏛᰯ≉タ䜽䝷䝤䠄྿ዌᴦ䞉㔠⟶䠅άື≧ἣㄪᰝ䛻䛴䛔䛶 ᑠᏛᰯ ᮾ㛵ᮾ ྿ዌᴦ ⟶ᴦྜ 㼀㻮㻿䝁 䝞䞁䝗 㻺㻴㻷䝁 ྿ዌᴦ Ꮫᰯྡ ேᩘ 䠐ᖺ 䠑ᖺ 䠒ᖺ 䝁䞁䜽 ዌ䝁䞁 䞁䜽䞊 䝣䜵䝇 䞁䜽䞊 䛭䛾 䝁䞁䜽 䞊䝹 䝔䝇䝖 䝹 䝔䜱䝞 䝹 䞊䝹 䝹 㻝 㻡㻟㻝㻡㻞㻝㻝㻣䕿 䕿 ᪥ᮏᏛᰯྜዌ䝁䞁䜽䞊䝹 㻞 㻣㻡㻞㻢㻞㻤㻞㻝䕿 䕿 㻟 㻠㻥㻝㻟㻞㻝㻝㻡䕿 䕿 䕿 㻠 㻢㻣㻞㻜㻞㻣㻞㻜 ⟶ᴦჾྜዌ䝣䜵䝇䝔䜱䝞䝹 㻡 㻢㻠㻞㻟㻝㻟㻞㻤䕿 㻢 㻟㻥㻝㻢㻝㻜㻝㻟 㻣 㻡㻜㻞㻠㻝㻜㻝㻢䕿 䕿 㻤 㻠㻝㻝㻜㻝㻞㻝㻥䕿 㻥 㻣㻞㻟㻤㻝㻞㻞㻞䕿 㻝㻜 㻣㻜 㻟㻜 㻝㻣 㻞㻟 䕿 㻝㻝 㻝㻢 㻡 㻠 㻣 㻝㻞 㻡㻞 㻞㻝 㻝㻟 㻝㻤 䕿 㻝㻟 㻡㻞 㻝㻤 㻝㻣 㻝㻣 䕿 㻝㻠 㻡㻞 㻝㻢 㻞㻡 㻝㻝 䕿 䕿 㻝㻡 㻟㻣 㻥 㻝㻟 㻝㻡 䕿 䕿 㻝㻢 㻣㻣 㻞㻜 㻞㻢 㻟㻝 䕿 㻝㻣 㻢㻢 㻝㻡 㻞㻠 㻞㻣 䕿 㻝㻤㻢㻜㻣㻞㻢㻞㻣䕿䕿 䕿 㻝㻥 㻠㻠 㻝㻥 㻝㻝 㻝㻠 䕿 㻞㻜 㻠㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻤 㻞㻝 䕿 䕿 ༓ⴥ┴྿ዌᴦ㐃┕㻢㻜࿘ᖺグᛕ₇ዌ 㻞㻝 㻢㻟 㻞㻞 㻞㻜 㻞㻝 䕿 䕿 㻞㻞 㻟㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻢 㻝㻟 䕿 㻞㻟 㻟㻥 㻝㻟 㻝㻞 㻝㻠 䕿 㻞㻠 㻠㻟 㻝㻠 㻝㻞 㻝㻣 㻞㻡 㻝㻠 㻠 㻣 㻟 㻞㻢 㻞㻤 㻝㻜 㻢 㻝㻞 㻞㻣 㻡㻥 㻝㻡 㻞㻣 㻝㻣 䕿 䕿 䕿 㻞㻤 㻠㻝 㻝㻝 㻞㻞 㻤 䕿 㻞㻥 㻠㻥 㻝㻤 㻝㻣 㻝㻠 䕿 㻟㻜 㻠㻟 㻝㻟 㻝㻠 㻝㻢 㻟㻝 㻢㻟 㻝㻣 㻞㻞 㻞㻠 䕿 ᪥ᮏᏛᰯྜዌ䝁䞁䜽䞊䝹 㻟㻞 㻞㻞 㻢 㻢 㻝㻜 㻟㻟 㻢㻢 㻞㻞 㻞㻜 㻞㻠 䕿 㻟㻠 㻠㻥 㻝㻤 㻝㻢 㻝㻡 㻟㻡 㻠㻟 㻞㻝 㻝㻜 㻝㻞 䕿 㻟㻢 㻝㻥 㻝㻜 㻟 㻢 㻟㻣㻝㻜㻜㻝 㻟㻤 㻡㻤 㻝㻡 㻞㻝 㻞㻞 䕿 㻟㻥 㻟㻜 㻝㻞 㻣 㻝㻝 䕿 㻠㻜 㻝㻥 㻠 㻥 㻢 䕿 㻠㻝 㻟㻣 㻝㻞 㻝㻞 㻝㻟 䕿 㻠㻞 㻡㻞 㻞㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻝 䕿 㻝㻥㻢㻞 㻢㻡㻝 㻢㻟㻥 㻢㻣㻞
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 98
࣭㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈ㸪྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈඣ❺ࡢࣥࢣ ࣮࢚࢜࣎ 13 ே ࣇࢦࢵࢺ 11 ே ࢡࣛࣜ ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ ࢿࢵࢺ 226 ே ࣂࢫࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺ 11 ே ࢧ ࢵࢡࢫ 274 ே ࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫ 122 ே ࢸ 㸦1㸧ఱࢡࣛࣈ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢼ࣮ࢧࢵࢡࢫ 89 ே ࣂࣜࢺࣥࢧࢵࢡࢫ 36 㔠⟶ࢡࣛࣈ 37% ྿ዌᴦࢡࣛࣈ 63% ே ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺ 249 ே ࢥࣝࢿࢵࢺ 206 ே ࣍ࣝࣥ 173 ே ࣝࢺ࣍ࣝࣥ 141 ே 㸦 㸧 ᪥ࡢ⦎⩦㛫ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 2 1 ࢺ࣮ࣟࣥ࣎ࣥ 173 ே ࣮ࣘࣇ࢛ࢽ࣒ 96 1 㛫௨ෆ 11% 1 㛫 30 ศ௨ෆ 65% ே ࢳ࣮ࣗࣂ 123 ே 2 㛫௨ୖ 24% ࡑࡢ 86 ே ࡑࡢ 㸦3㸧㸯㐌㛫ࡢ⦎⩦ᅇᩘࡣఱᅇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣂ࢜ࣜࣥ 28 ே ⍆ 18 ே 㟁Ꮚ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 1 ᅇ 0% 2 ᅇ 0% 3 ᅇ 1% 10 ே ࢠࢱ࣮ 4 ே ࣮࣋ࢫ 3 ே ࢠࢱ࣮ 4 ᅇ 24% 5 ᅇ௨ୖ 75% 3 ே ࣁ࣮ࣉ 2 ே ࢥࣥࢺࣛࣂࢫ 2 ே ᘻ ᴦჾ 2 ே ࢚ࣞ࢟ࢠࢱ࣮ 2 ே ࢘ࢡࣞࣞ 2 㸦4㸧ᅵ᪥⚃᪥ࡢ⦎⩦ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ே ࢻ࣒ࣛ 2 ே ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢜ࣥ 1 ே ࢜ ᅵ᭙᪥ 31㸣 ᪥᭙᪥ 5㸣 ⚃᪥ 2㸣 ࢝ࣜࢼ 1 ே ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 1 ே ࢝ࢫࢱࢿࢵࢺ ࡞ࡋ 62㸣 1 ே ࣃࣉ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 1 ே ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝ 1 ே ᴦჾ 1 ே ኴ㰘 1 ே 㸦5㸧྿ዌᴦࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝฟሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 76% ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 24% 㸦11㸧Ꮫᰯ௨እ࡛㡢ᴦࢆ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦6㸧㒊㈝ࡣ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 38% ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 62% 㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ 6% 㞟ࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 94% 㸦12㸧⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⟅࠼ࡓேࡣఱࢆ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ 㸦7㸧㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࡣᴦࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ࡍࠋ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ࡣ࠸ 96% ࠸࠸࠼ 4% ࣆࣀ 572 ே 㟁Ꮚ࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥ 81 ே 㸦8㸧ࠕ࠸࠸࠼ࠖ⟅࠼ࡓேࡣࢇ࡞⌮⏤࡛ࡍࠋ ᴦჾ 29 ே ࡑࡢ 63 ே 㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ࡑࡢ ḷࡀࡓࡔࡽ 31 ே ྜၐ 10 ே ࣂ࢜ࣜࣥ 9 ே ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ 8 ே ࢻ࣒ࣛ ே ࢠࢱ࣮ ே ḷ ே ḷ࠺ࡇࡀࡁࡽ࠸ࡔࡽ 18 ே 7 4 4 ࢘ࢡࣞࣞ 2 ே ࢧ࢟ࢯࣇ࢛ࣥ 4 ே ࢺࣟࣥ ࢜ࣥࢳࡔࡽ 15 ே ࣮࣎ࣥ 1 ே ᡴᴦჾ 1 ே ࣍ࣝࣥ 1 ே 㡢➢ࡀㄞࡵ࡞࠸ࡽ 16 ே ᘻᴦჾ 1 ே ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺ 1 ே ᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿࡇࡀࡓࡔࡽ 7 ே 㸦9㸧㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ୍࡛␒ᴦࡋࡗࡓࡇࡣ࡞ࢇ࡛ 㸦13㸧ሿࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡍࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 38% ࡼࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 62% ḷࡗࡓࡇ 18% ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡋࡓࡇ 64% Ꮫ⩦ሿ 269 ே බᩥ 92 ே ⱥㄒ 84 ே ࡑࢁࡤࢇ 42 ே ⩦Ꮠ࣭᭩㐨 39 ே ⟬ᩘ 㡢ᴦࢆࡁ࠸ࡓࡇ 18% 35 ே Ꮫ◊ 33 ே ỈὋ 30 ே ᅜㄒ 26 㸦10㸧ዲࡁ࡞ᴦჾࡣఱ࡛ࡍࠋ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ே ࣂ࢚ࣞ 5 ே ࢺࣛ 5 ே ࢲࣥࢫ 5 ே ✵ᡭ 4 ே ᪂య᧯ 3 ே ࢸࢽࢫ 3 ே ࣜࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮ 488 ே ᑗᲦ 3 ே ♫ 2 ே ᐙᗞᩍᖌ 2 ே ࢳ 㘽┙ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝ 97 ே ࢲࣥࢫ 2 ே 㔝⌫ 2 ே ྜẼ㐨 1 ே ࣎ ࣆࣀ 485 ே ࣮ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ 1 ே ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ 1 ே ᪥⯙ 1 ேⓒே୍㤳1 ே ⌮⛉ 1 ே ᅗᕤ 1 ᡴᴦჾ 453 ே ே 㐨 1 ே ࢺ࢚ࣜ 1 ே ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ 1 ⟶ᴦჾ 965 ே ே ࢧࢵ࣮࢝ 1 ே ࣎ࢹ࣮࣮࣎ࢻ 1 ே ᩱ ⟶ᴦჾ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧 ⌮ 1 ே ୍㍯㌴ 1 ே ࡚ 32 ே ᮌ⟶ᴦჾ 111 ே 㔠⟶ᴦჾ 133 ே ࣆࢵࢥࣟ 17 ே ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ 338 ே
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 99ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
㸰㸬▷㛫࡛ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ ಖ⟶ሙᡤฟධࡾཱྀ㏆⏝㢖ᗘࡢᑡ࡞࠸ᡴ ᴦჾ➼ࡢᆺᴦჾࡀ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ฟධཱྀ ࡇࢀࡽᣲࡆࡿ⦎⩦᪉ἲࡣ㸪᯽ᕷࡢࠕࣃ࣮ࢯ ㏆ࡀΰ㞧ࡋ࡚↓㥏࡞㛫ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑ ࢼࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖᴗࡋ࡚㸪ᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫᰯࢆᣦᑟ ࢀࡽࡢᴦჾࢆዟᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡁฟධཱྀࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔ ຓゝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡅᗈࡃࡾ㸪㏻ᖖ⏝ࡍࡿᴦჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢฟ ࡽࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡋࡓᏛᰯࡣ㸪ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ ධཱྀ㏆ࡶࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡉࡽ㸪ྜዌࡢࡁ㡢 ࣝ࡞࡛ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸⤖ᯝࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛ ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌᐊ㸧ࡢฟධࡾཱྀࡽ୍␒㐲࠸ሙᡤ ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㒊άືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ 㓄⨨ࡍࡿᴦჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤฟධཱྀ㏆ಖ⟶ࡍࡿࠋ ⫱ࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ື⥺ࢆ☜ㄆ㸪ࡑ ษ࡞ࡇࡣ㡢ᴦࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ே㛫ᩍ⫱ࢆࡍࡿࡇࠖ ࢀࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚Ᏻࡘࡍࡳࡸ⛣ືࡍࡿ⦎ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ㸪ᖾࡏ࡞ே⏕ࢆ㏦ ⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪‽ഛᚋ∦ࡅࡢ ࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ㒊άື࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᣦᑟ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ 㛫ࡣ୕ศࡢ୍▷⦰࡛ࡁࡓᏛᰯࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㸯 ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ㏙ ᅇࡢ⦎⩦ࡢ‽ഛᚋ∦ࡅ㛫ࢆ㸯㸮ศ▷⦰ࡍࡿ ࡿࠕຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲࠖࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿▷㛫࡛ ࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᖺ㛫ࡍࡿ㐌㸲᪥㸪ᖺ㛫㸰㸳 ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㐌࡛⦎⩦᪥ࡣᖺ㛫㸯㸮㸮᪥ࠋ㸯㸮ศ㸯㸮㸮᪥ ᑠᏛᰯࡢࢡࣛࣈάືࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿඛ⏕᪉ࡽࡼ 㸻⣙㸯㸴㛫ࢆྜዌ⦎⩦࠶࡚ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡃᐤࡏࡽࢀࡿᝎࡳࡣḟࡢࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ձ ⦎⩦㛫ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪ࢇ࡞⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡓࡽࡼ ࠸ࠋ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձ ղ ᴦ᭤ࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿᙜࡓࡾ㸪ࢇ࡞ࡇẼࢆ 㹼ಸ㡢ࢆឤࡌ࡚㸟ពࡢ࠶ࡿᇶ♏⦎⩦㹼 ࡘࡅࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ ᐇ㝿㸪ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ⦎⩦㛫ࡀࢀࡿࡢࠋ ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡋ࡚㸪Bݟdur ࡢ㡢㝵ࢆ㸪ప㡢Ѝ ࠼ࡤ A ᑠᏛᰯࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࡔࠋ ୰ప㡢Ѝ୰㡢Ѝ㧗㡢ࡢ㡰㔜ࡡࡿ᪉ἲࢆࡿᑠ ᖹ᪥ ᮅ 7㸸25㹼8㸸00 Ꮫᰯࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪⚾ࡀᣦᑟ⾜ ᨺㄢᚋ㐌㸯ᗘ15㸸15㹼17㸸00 ࡁጞࡵࡓ㡭ࡣ㸪௬ࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ ࡑࡢ16㸸00㹼17㸸00 ࡶ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀ⌮ゎࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 㸦10 ᭶㹼2 ᭶ࡢᨺㄢᚋࡣࡰ⦎⩦ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧 ࡀከࡗࡓࠋ ᅵ᭙᪥ 5㹼7 ᭶ 9㹼11 ᭶ ༗๓୰ࡢࡳ⦎⩦ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕᢞࡆࡅࡿࠋ 㸦᪥᭙⚃᪥ࡣ⦎⩦࡞ࡋ㸧 ࠕࡳࢇ࡞㹼㸟ⷧ࠸ịࡢୖࡗࡓࡇ࠶ࡿ㸽ࡶ ࡋࡶ㸪ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ┠ࡢ๓ịࡢᙇࡗࡓ†ࡀ࠶ࡿ 㹼ࡲࡎࡣ㛫ࡢ࠸᪉ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡽ㹼 ࡋ࡚ࠋࡳࢇ࡞ࡔࡗࡓࡽ㸪ࢇ࡞㢼ࡇࡢୖ ᴦჾಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢᩚ⌮ᩚ㡻 ࡾࡲࡍ㸽ࠖ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢື⥺☜ㄆ ࡇࡢ㉁ၥᑐࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶࡣࡓࢇ➗㢦࡞ ⛣ື⦎⩦ ࡿࠋࠕࡣ࠸㸟ịࡀࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡑࡗࡾࡲࡍࠖ 㡢ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌᐊ㸧㞄᥋ࡍࡿᴦჾಖ⟶ሙᡤࡢ ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇ࠺⟅࠼ࡿࠋࠕࡌࡷ࠶ࡡࠊࡑ࣮ࡗࡿ ᩚ⌮ᩚ㡻ࡣࡇࡢᏛᰯࡶᴫࡡᩚ↛࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ ࡼ࠺ࠊࡑ࣮ࡗ㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࢇࡔࡼࠖ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋ㒊ဨࡀ㸲㸮ྡࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᏛᰯ࠾ ࢳ࣮ࣗࣂ࣭ࣂࣜࢺࣥࢧࢵࢡࢫ࣭ࣂࢫࢡࣛࣜࢿ ࠸࡚ࡣಖ⟶ሙᡤࡽᴦჾࢆฟࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࡀጞࡲࡿ ࢵࢺ࡞ࡢప㡢⩌ࡀࡑࡗ Bݟࡢ㡢ࢆฟࡍࠋࡑ ࡲ࡛⣙㸯㸮ศࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⦎⩦⤊ᚋ㸪ᴦ ࡢᚋࡽ୰ప㡢ࡀࡑࡗධࡿࠋึࡵࡣᜥࡀධࡽ ჾࢆಖ⟶ሙᡤ∦ࡅ⤊ࢃࡿࡲ࡛⣙㸯㸮ศࠋ ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡇࡢゝⴥࡦࡘ࡛Ꮚ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 100
ࡶࡓࡕࡣ↓⌮࡞ࡃࢱࣥࢠࣥࢢࢆࡋ㸪ᑀ࡞ዌἲ ዌ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ኚᐜࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕ㡢ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿឤぬࠖࡀ⮬ ዌࡢ᪉ἲ ↛㌟ࡘࡃࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪ୖᡭ྿ࡅࡿ㸴ᖺ⏕ A ࡉࢇ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࠶ ࡇࢀࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㸪ḟ ࡲࡾ࠺ࡲࡃ྿ࡅ࡞࠸㸳ᖺ⏕ࡢ B ࡉࢇ㸪࣌ࢆ ࠕಸ㡢ࠖࢆព㆑ࡉࡏࡿࠋBݟࡢ㡢ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ ⤌ࡲࡏࡿࠋࡢ㒊ဨࡣ┠㞃ࡋࢆࡋ࡚㸪ேࡢ㡢 ࡃሙྜࡣ㸪㸳ᗘୖࡢࠕF 㡢ࠖࢆࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫ ࢆ⪺ࡁẚࡿࠋ ࡞ࡢᴦჾ࡛྿ࡏ㸪ಸ㡢ࢆព㆑ࡉࡏࡿࠋ ձ A ࡉࢇ㸦㸴ᖺ⏕㸧ࡀ࣡ࣥࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ྿ࡃࠋ㸦㞴 ࣝࢺࢧࢵࢡࢫࡀࠕF 㡢ࠖࢆ྿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ⮬ ࡋ࠸᪕ᚊࡣ㸯ᑠ⠇ࢆ༢ࡍࡿ㸧 ↛ಸ㡢ࡀ⫈ࡁྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ࡋࡵࡓࡶ ղ B ࡉࢇ㸦㸳ᖺ⏕㸧ࡀࡑࡢᚋྠࡌࣇ࣮ࣞࢬࢆ ࡢࠋᐇ㝿ㄡࡶ྿࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠕಸ㡢ࠖࡀ㡪ࡃࡇ ྿ࡃࠋ 㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ㦫ࡃጼ ճ ࠕࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡢ₇ዌࡣࡕࡽࡀ A ࡉࢇࡢ ࡶ┠ࡋࡓࠋ㡢⛬ࡀྜ࠼ࡤྜ࠺ࡓࡃࡉࢇࠕಸ ₇ዌࡔࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࠖ 㡢ࠖࡣ㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿࠋᚋࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡇࡢၥ࠸ṤࡢᏊࡶࡀ㸪㛫㐪࠼ࡎ⫈ࡁ ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓᣦᑟ⪅ࡽ㸪ࠕ࠶ࡢࡣ㸪ಸ㡢ࡢࡁࡁ ᙜ࡚࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࠕึࡵࡀ A ࡉࢇࡔᛮ࠺ࠋ㡢 ࡾࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᏊࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪࡛ࡣ ࡀ㐪࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࠖ ဨࡀಸ㡢Ẽ࡙ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㡢ࡶ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ㸪 ཌࡳࡀ࡛࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠖࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⮬↛࠸࠸㡢ࡢ࠺ࡶ࠺୍ேࡢ㡢ࡣᐤࡗ ࡲࡓ㸪㡢㝵⦎⩦ࡣᐇ㝿ḷ࠺ࡇࡸ㸪࣐࢘ࢫ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸳ᖺ⏕ࡀ㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢ㡢㏆࡙ ࣆ࣮ࢫ࡛㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࡇࡶ㠀ᖖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ Ѝḷ Ѝ࣐࢘ࢫࣆ մ ࠕ࡛ࡣࡲࡓ⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡳࢇ࡞ࡣ┠ࢆ ࣮ࢫ(㔠⟶)Ѝḷ㸦ᮌ⟶㸧Ѝᴦჾࠖ࠸࠺㡰␒࡛ ࡘࡪࡗ࡚ࠋࡕࡽࡀ A ࡉࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠖ 㡢㝵⦎⩦ࢆࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪㡢ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡀ 㸳ศࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ☜ᐇ㡢ࡀኚࡋ㸪ࡕࡽࡀ㸴 ኌ࡞ࡾ㸪࣐࢘ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࡢ㡢࡞ࡾ㸪ᴦჾࡢ㡢 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡿ A ࡉࢇࡢ㡢㸪ศࡽ࡞࠸Ꮚ Ⰽࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࠋࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࡶ࡞ࡾࡢຠ ࡶࡀ࡛࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᑠᏛ⏕࡛ࡶࡍࡄ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡺࡃ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀ⮬ศࡢ⪥ࢆࡓࡼࡾ ࡢࡔࠋࡇࢀࢆẖ᪥ᑡࡋࡎࡘ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪 㸪࠸࠸㡢ࡢࠕࡲࡡࠖࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ㸪ୖ㐩ࡢ㏆ 㡢⛬ឤࡀ㘫࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ 㐨ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᶵࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㏆㞄ࡢ୰Ꮫ ⏕ࡸ㧗ᰯ⏕㸪ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ⏕ࡢ㡢࡛ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶࠕ
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲղ ዌࠖࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࡉࡽຠᯝⓗࡔࠋࠕዌࠖࡣ CD ࡸ DVD ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ▷㛫࡛Ꮚࡶࡓ 㹼ಶࠎࡢዌἲྥୖ㹼 ࡕࡀୖ㐩ࡋࡓࠋ ᜥࡀධࡽࡎ㸪Ⰻ࠸㡢ࡀ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ ͤὀ ⦎⩦ࡉࡏࡿ๓ࠊࣥࣈࢵࢩ࣮ࣕ ࡞ࡢᑠࡉ࡞ᴦჾ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᗋ㠃ᶓࡓࢃࡾ㸪㊊ ࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿࡇࠋ ୖࡆࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ྿࠸ࡓࡾ㸪㊊ࢆᗈࡆ๓ᒅࡳ࡞ ྿ཱྀᜥࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊୗ㢡ࡀࡋࢃ ࡾ⭡➽ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚྿࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ㸪ⰺࡢ࠶ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡿ㡢ኚࡍࡿࠋࠕࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆẖᮅ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡸࡽࡏ ࣐࢘ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࡢ⨨ࡣṇࡋ࠸ ࡓࡽ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺࡢ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠖࡢ
ሗ࿌ࡶཷࡅࡓࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ㸪ࡢᴦჾࡶά⏝࡛ࡁ㸪୍␒ዲホ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲճ ࡛ຠᯝࡀୖࡀࡗࡓࡢኌࡀ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࡢࡣࠕ 㹼ྜዌ⦅㹼
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 101ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
㹼ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࡱࢇ࡛ࠖ⡆༢ᥗࡵࡿ ࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ₇ዌࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ㸪⫈࠸ ͆ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ͇㹼 ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ఏࢃࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀᣦࢆጞࡵࡿࠋᴦ᭤ࡀጞࡲࡿࡀฟࡔ ࡲࡓ㸪ᙉᙅ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠕࡢ㒊ศࡽ㸪ࡢ ࡋࡀᥞࢃ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ࠸ࡘࡶ࠶ࢃ࡞࠸ ࡼ࠺ࢡࣞࢩ࢙ࣥࢻࢆࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠖ࡞ࢆ ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠖ ₇ዌ⪅⣽ࡃᥦ♧ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡲࡲࡗࡓࠕ㡢ࠖ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕᢞࡆࡅࡿࠋ ࡞ࡗ࡚ఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢺࣜࣝ࡞ ࠕࡳࢇ࡞㹼㸪ࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇ࡛ࡁࡿ㹼㸽ࡌࡷ࠶㸪ඛ ࡶྠࡌ㸪ఱᅇࡢࡼ࠺₇ዌࡉࡏࡿࡢ㸪୍ ⏕ࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࢆࡋࡼ࠺ࠋᚋฟࡋࡋࡕࡷࡔࡵࡔ 㡢୍㡢ࡢ㡢ࡀࡋࡗࡾ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞㸪ᣦ ࡼࠋࡌࡷࢇ㸪ࡅࢇ㸪ࡱࢇ㸟㸟ࠖ ᑟ⪅ࡀᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆᣢࡗ࡚ዌࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛Ꮚ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡣࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࡀᐇᚓពࡔࠋᬑẁࣜࢬ ࡶࡓࡕࡣࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ ࣒ࡀࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ࡞Ꮚࡶࡶ㸪࡞ࡐࡌࡷ
ࢇࡅࢇࡔࡅࡣࢱ࣑ࣥࢢⰋࡃᡭࢆᕪࡋฟࡍࠋ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲմ ࡇࢀࢆᜥࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖࡢࠕࡅ 㹼ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ⦅㹼 ࢇ࡛ࠖᜥࢆ྾ࡗ࡚ࠕࡱࢇ࡛ࠖᜥࢆྤࡃࠋࡇࢀࢆ 㹼࣮࣍ࣝయࢆୖᡭ㡪ࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣ㹼 ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࠺ࡕᜥࢆ྾࠺ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢᜥࢆࡔࡍ ࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢࡢ᪉࡛ሙࡢ㡪ࡁࡀኚࢃࡿࠋ ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࡀྜࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ᣦᑟ࠸ࡃ㸪⣲┤࡛ྍឡ࠸ᑠᏛ⏕ࡀ㸪ᣦᑟ ᐇ㝿ᴦჾ࡛㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋࠕᜥࢆ྾࠺ࢱ࣑ࣥ ⪅ࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ࠶ࡲࡾ㸪㌟యࡶ㡢ࡶᣦᑟ⪅ྥ ࢢࡶྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡛ࠖ㡢ࡀᥞ࠺ࡇࢆ㌟య࡛ឤ ࠸㐪ឤࢆ࠾ࡰ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ↓㐀స୪ ࡌ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ ࡽࢀࡓ᳔Ꮚࠋ᳔Ꮚࡣᣦ⪅ࡢ᪉ྥྥࡅࡽࢀ㸪 ࡇࡢᚋ㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ࠶ࡿࡈࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖ ࡑࡇᗙࡿᑠᏛ⏕ࠋᴦჾࡢ㡢ࡣ࡚ᣦᑟ⪅ࡵ ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺ࡔࠋࢸ࣏ࣥࡢ㏿࠸᭤㸪㐜 ࡀࡅ࡚㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿࠋᡴᴦჾࡢ⨨ࡁ᪉ࡶࡓࡔ⨨ ࠸᭤ࠋࢇ࡞᭤ࡶࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇࠖࢆព㆑ࡉࡏ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࠋ᭤ࡢྜ㛫ᡴᴦჾࢆࡅᣢࡕࡍ ࡿࡇ࡛ࠕᜥࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࠖࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪࠺ࡲ ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㟼࡞₇ዌࡢࡶ࠸ࡗࡓࡾࡁࡓࡾࠋࡇ ࡃ࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠕ྾ἲࠖ ࢀ࡛ࡣࡏࡗࡃࡢ㡢ᴦࡶྎ↓ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆヰࡍࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡼࡾ㌟㏆࡞ࠕࡌࡷࢇࡅࢇ࡛ࠖ㸪 ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࡢሙྠࡌࡼ࠺ᑍἲࢆ ࡾ㸪 ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ ᳔Ꮚࢆ⨾ࡋࡃ⨨ࡃࠋࡲࡓ㸪₇ዌ⪅ࡢྥࡁࡦࡘ ࡓࠋ ࡛ࡶ㡪ࡁࡣኚࢃࡿࠋ᳔Ꮚࡢྥࡁࡢㄪ⠇㸪᳔Ꮚࡢ
㛫㝸ࡀᕥྑᑐ⛠࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡞㸪 㹼࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡃࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢ⦎⩦ࡣḞࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢆษ㹼 ᡴᴦჾࡢࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ሙࡢ≉ 㡢ᴦࡣ㸪㡢࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃ࢆ₇ࡌࡿࠋఱ✀㢮ࡶ ᚩྜࢃࡏࡓࡾ㸪⛣ືࡢື⥺ࢆ☜ಖࡋ㸪㐪 ࡢᴦჾ࡛⾲⌧ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛㸪୍ே୍ேࡢゎ㔘㸪 ឤࡢ࡞࠸⛣ືࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡶษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᴦჾ ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐪࠸㸪ࡲࡓ࣮ࢸ࢟ࣗࣞ 㓄⨨ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦᑟ⪅⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㐪ឤࢆ⏕ࡴࠋ ࡚㸪ࣂࣥࢻయࡢࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࡀ㇏࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࢆྠࡌࡼ࠺ゎ㔘ࡋ㸪⦎⩦ྲྀࡾධࢀ
࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡣ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㹼ࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢ㝲ᙧ㹼 ゝⴥ⨨ࡁ࠼࡚ࡳࡿࡼࡃศࡿࠋࠕࡣࡋࠖ ┿ A ࡢዟ㸪ቭୖᕥࡢࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺࡢ㛫㝸ࡀ ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࠕ⠂ࠖࠕᶫ࡛ࠖࡣࡃࡘࡢࡶࡢ ⊃ࡗࡓࡾᗈࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࣃ࣮࢝ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ₇ዌ⪅ࡀྠࡌࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ㸪 ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ほᐈᖍ᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 102
ࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡞༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋᐇ㝿₇ዌࡍࡿ㡢ࡶ 㹼㡢ࡇࡔࢃࢁ࠺㸟㸟ᑠ≀ᴦჾ࣭ᡴᴦჾ࣭ ࡲࡲࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ḷኌࡶ㹼 ┿B ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┿ A ࡼࡾࡶࡁࢀ࠸ࢭ ᭤ࡢྜ㛫㸪୍Ⓨᡴᴦჾ࡞ࡢ㡢ࡀධࡿᴦ᭤ ࢵࢸࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศࡿࠋ ࡣከ࠸ࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᴦ᭤ࡢࠕࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪 ┿ A ࡇࡢࡦࡘࡢ㡢࡛ࡄࡗ᭤ࡀ⥾ࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ࡞㡢ࡣࠕ㬆ࡽࡏࡤⰋ࠸ࠖ ࠸࠺ឤぬ࡛㏻ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪ࠕᴦჾࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ ࡽᚋᅇࡋࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㧗࠸࠾㔠 ࢆᡶࡗ࡚ᴦჾࢆ㈙࠺ࡇࡀษ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ࡑࡢᴦ᭤᭱㐺࡞㡢ࢆᕤኵࡋ࡚ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡏࡤࡼ ࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪࣐ࣛ࢝ࢫࡀἑᒣᚲせ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪✵ ࡁ⨁ࡸ࣌ࢵࢺ࣎ࢺࣝ࠾⡿ࡸ࠶ࡎࡁ࡞Ⰽࠎ࡞ ࡶࡢࢆධࢀ࡚㸪ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
┿ B ࡲࡓ㸪ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ㝈ࡽࡎࠕḷኌࠖࡀᴦ᭤ ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡶ㸪㠀ḷኌࡇࡔࢃࡗ࡚ࡋ ࠸ࠋࡘ࠸ࡘ࠸ᴦჾ₇ዌຊࢆὀ࠸࡛ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ ࡔࡀ㸪ᴦ᭤ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࠕḷኌࠖࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᭤ࡣࢇ࡞ࠕኌࠖࡀྜ࠺ ࡢࠋྜၐᅋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢇࡔḷኌࡀྜ࠺ࡢࠊ ḷㅴ᭤ࡢḷ࠸᪉ࡀⰋ࠸ࡢ㸪Ꮚࡶࡽࡋ࠸ኌࡀ Ⰻ࠸ࡢࠋࡦࡘࡢࠕᫎ⏬ࠖࢆ㐀ࡾୖࡆࡿࡁ㸪 ୍ሙ㠃୍ሙ㠃ࡀ≀ㄒࡢⰍࢆฟࡍࡼ࠺㸪㡢ᴦࡶ
ྠࡌឤぬ࡛ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ᴦࡇ ₇ዌࡍࡿጼໃࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ ࡔࢃࡾࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡛Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣኚ ࡚㸪༳㇟ࡸ㡢ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࢃࡗࡓࠋ Ⰻ࠸ጼໃ࡛₇ዌࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ぢࡓ┠ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪
ฟ࡚ࡃࡿ㡢ࡶ㐪࠺ࠋࡋࡗࡾᜥࡀධࡾ㸪⮬↛ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲյ ⨾ࡋ࠸㡢Ⰽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ 㹼ࢫࢥᐇ㡢ࢆ᭩ࡇ࠺㹼 ┿ B ࡢṇ㠃 ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձ㹼մࡲ࡛ࠊᚲṚᐇ㊶ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᚲࡎ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠸ ࡘࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟ࡀࠕ㡢⛬࣭ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࠖࡔࠋ ㄽࠕຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲձࠖ࠾࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺ ࡀࡁࡕࢇ㡢⛬ឤぬࢆᥗࢇ࡛࠸ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪ࣁ ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ឤࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡣ㸪᭤ࡢ୰࡛ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࡀྜ࠸㸪࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࡀᥞ࠸㸪ᙉᙅࡀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫ
ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡓࢇ᭤ࡀὶࢀ
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 103ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ⨾ࡋ࠸ࡈࡣࢇ㧥ࡢẟࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ 㡢ྠኈ㸪Ⰽศࡅసᴗࢆࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ⺯ග࣌ࣥࡢⰍ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪ṧᛕ࡞ឤぬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ศࡅࡼࡾ㸪୍┠ぢ࡚㸪ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࡀྠࡌ㡢ࢆ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿㧗ᰯ⏕ࡶᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲ ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศࡿࠋ ࢆᥦࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡇࢁ㸪ఱᰯࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢᣦᑟ ࡑࡇ࡛Ⰽูࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅࢆࡍࡿࠋྠࡌ㡢ࢆ ⪅ࡓࡕࡀᐇ㝿ࡇࢀࢆᐇ㊶ࡋࡓࠋ㸦୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡶྲྀ ᢸᙜࡍࡿேྠኈ㒊ᒇࡈศࢀ㸪ࢆసࡾෆ ࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡲࡓ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࡀ≉⃮ࡿ ഃࢆྥࡃࠋ㸦┿㹁ཧ↷㸧୍㡢ࡎࡘྲྀࡾୖࡆ୍ே ࡇࢁࡢࡳ㔜Ⅼⓗ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓࡢヰࡶ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ ࡎࡘ㸲ᢿࢆࡢࡤࡋ㸪㸰ᢿ࠶ࡅ࡚ࡘࡂࡢேࠋ᭱ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡶ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡶ㸪☜ᐇࣂࣥࢻయࡢࢧ࢘ࣥ ᚋࡣဨ࡛ྠࡌ㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࠸࠺᪉ἲ ࢻࡀኚࢃࡗࡓࠋ ࡔࠋ ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡣࡲࡎ㸪ࢫࢥᐇ㡢ࢆグධࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡓ㸪㡢ࡀྜࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸰ᢿࡎࡘ㡢 ࡃࠋ࠼ࡤࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺࣃ࣮ࢺ࡛ࠕࢻ࣑ࣞࠖ ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ἲࡶࡾ࠸ࢀࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢳࣗ グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪㡢➢ࡢୖࠕݟB C Dࠖ ࣮ࢼ࣮㔥ࡅ࡞ࡿ㸪㡢ࡣᐤࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ⾲ グධࡍࡿࠋ㸦ࡇࡢసᴗࡣ࡞ࡾ㛫ࡀࡿࡀ㸪 ࡳࢇ࡞࡛㡢ࢆ⫈ࡁ࠶࠸㸪᭱⤊ⓗࡣࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢࣆࣀࡀᙎࡅࡿᏊࡸ㸪㡢⯆ࢆᣢࡘ ࢆࢃࡎ⃮ࡾࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ꮚࡀࡇࡢసᴗࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ྠࡌ㡢ྠኈࡢ⃮ࡾࡀᾘ࠼ࡿ㸪⨾ࡋ࠸ࣁ࣮ࣔ ᭱୰ࡔࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ዌ⪅⮬㌟ࡀࡇࡢసᴗࢆ ࢽ࣮ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡉࡽ㸪ྛᴦჾࡢ㡢Ⰽࢆ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛㡢ᴦ⾲⌧ࡀࡉࡽ㇏࡞ࡗ࡚ ⤮ࡢලࡓ࠼࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࣈࣞࣥࢻࡋࡓ㇏ ࠸ࡗࡓ㸧 ࡞ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ ࡚ࡢ㡢⾲グࡉࢀࡓࠕᐇ㡢ࠖࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡃ㸪 ࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࡣඣ❺ࡢ༠ㄪᛶࢆ⫱࡚㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ ྠࡌ㡢ࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴦჾࡀศࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪 ⫱ᡂࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢሗ࿌ࡶཷࡅ࡚࠸ ࡶࡗࢃࡾࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿⅭ㸪⺯ග࡛࣌ࣥྠࡌ ࡿࠋ
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≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 104
ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲն ࡇ࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢ₇ዌࡍࡿືࡁ ࡀࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠖ 㹼ᣦࡍࡿ⮬ศࡢጼࢆ㸪⮬ศࡢ┠࡛ぢ࡚㸟 ᣦᑟ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ㸪ぢ࠼࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁẼ࡙ ឤࡌ࡚㸟㹼 ࡁጞࡵࡿ㸪₇ዌࡀࡼࡾࡼ࠸᪉ྥኚࢃࡗ࡚ ே㛫ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞Ⓑࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬ ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᚋᣦᑟ⪅ࡽࠕ࠶ࡢ⦎⩦᪉ἲ ศࡢⒷࡣពእẼ࡙࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ࡢ࠾㝜࡛ࠊᚲṚᣦࢆࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡓ࡚ ࠕᣦࠖࡼࡗ࡚₇ዌࡀຠᯝⓗ⧞ࡾᗈࡆ ࡢ⥺ࡀᥞ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠖ࠸࠺ኌࡶ࠶ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࠕᣦࠖࡢࡏ࠸ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡛₇ዌࡀጉࡆࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ㸪Ⰻ࠸₇ዌࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࠶ࡲࡾ㸪ᣦ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲո ࡍࡿࡇᚲṚ࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ₇ዌࡀ⏕ࡁ ⏕ࡁ⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸ሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡀᐇ㝿Ꮫ 㹼㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ⦅㹼 ᰯఛ࠸㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢᣦࡍࡿጼࢆࡳ࡚㐪ឤ ௨๓㸪㝵ྡၐࢆᥦࡋࡓࠋ㒊άື࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ࢆぬ࠼ࡓࡁࡣ㸪ࢻࣂࢫࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ 㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇࠋࡇࡢࠕ㝵ྡၐࠖ ࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᣦࡍࡿᚋࢁጼ ࡢ᪉ἲࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ࡢື⏬ᙳࢆࡋ࡚㸪⫈⾗ࡽᣦ⪅ࡀࡢࡼ 㸨ࢻࡢ㡢㸦ୗ㸯⥺ࣁ㸧ࡽ㧗࠸ࢻ㸦➨㸱㛫ࣁ㸧 ࠺ぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓࠋᣦࡣ㡢ᴦ ࡢ㡢ࡲ࡛グࡋࡓ㝵ྡ㆕ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ ⾲⌧ࡢษ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦࡀୖ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ ᣦ♧Წࢆ⏝࠸࡚࡛㡢➢ࢆᣦࡍࠋࡑࡢࡁࠕࢻ ࡼࡗ࡚㡢ᴦࡶࡼࡾឤືⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࣮ࠖḷ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࢆẖ㛫㸪㸰ศ࡞࠸ࡋ㸱ศ㛫⥆ࡅ ࡿ㸱࢝᭶࡛ㄞ㆕ຊࡀୖࡀࡗࡓࠋ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲշ ᣦ♧Წࡀ㡢➢ࡘ࠸ࡓⅬ࡛ḷ࠺ࡼ࠺ࡉ 㹼₇ዌ⪅ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛㸪⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡿ㹼 ࡏࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࢃࡊᣦ♧Წࢆ✵୰࡛ࡵ࡚ḷ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪᭤ࡀࡘࡁ㸪ࢸ࣏ࣥࡶᐃࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ ࢃࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ㸦ఱᅇࡶࡸࡾࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡓࡽ㸪㐲࠸ሙᡤࡽ₇ዌࢆ⫈࠸࡚ࡳࡿࡇࡀ 㣬ࡁࡉࡏ࡞࠸㸧ࠕ࡞ࢇࡔ࣮ࠊࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࡔ࣮ ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡗࠖᤵᴗࡀ┒ࡾୖࡀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮚࡶ ࠕඛ⏕㸪⚾ࡀᣦࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕ ࡓࡕࡢ㞟୰ຊࡀቑࡍࠋᣦ♧ᲬࢆⰋࡃࡳࡿࡼ࠺ ࡔࡅ࡛₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠖᣦᑟ⪅ࡢၥ ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࠋ㸦྿ዌᴦ࡞࡛㸪ࡼࡃ⪥ࡍࡿ ࠸ࠕࡇࢀࡔࡅ₇ዌ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࢀࡤኵ࡛ࡍ ゝⴥࠕඛ⏕ࡢᣦࢆࡼࡃぢ࡞ࡉ࠸㸟㸟ࠖࡣ㸪 ࡼࠋࠖ⟅࠼ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ 㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡛㘫࠼ࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪㒊άືࡢ୰ ᐇ㝿࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆỴࡵ࡚㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀྜᅗ ࡶᫎࡉࢀࡿ㸧 ࢆࡍࡿ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡔࡅࡢྜዌࡀጞࡲࡿࠋ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀ័ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ㸪ᣦ♧Წ࡛⡆༢ ᭱ึࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡶከ࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮚࡶ ࡞᪕ᚊࢆᣦࡍࠋࠕࡇࡢ᭤࡞࣮ࢇࡔ㸽ࠖࡢၥ࠸ ࡓࡕࡣᣦ⪅࡞ࡋ࡛ࡶ㸪₇ዌࢆ㐍⾜ࡉࡏ࡚ࡺ ࠕࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟ࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟 ࠼ࡿࡢྜၐ࡛ࡍࠖ ࡃࠋఱᗘࡶ₇ዌࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ㸪⫈࠸࡚ྜࢃࡏࡿ ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺㸪୰㌟ࡀ⭾ࡽࢇ࡛ࡺࡃࠋ ឤぬࡶ◊ࡂࡲࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ ࣊㡢グྕ࡛⾜࠺ࡢࡶⰋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮚࡶࡀ ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢඛ⏕ࡀ㸪య⫱㤋ࡢᚋࢁ⛣ືࡋ㸪 ࠕඛ⏕ࠖ࡞ࡾ㸪ᣦ♧Წࢆᣢࡓࡏ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࠋ ₇ዌ⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿࠋࡍࡿ㸪ẖ᪥ྜዌࡋ࡚࠸ ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡇࡇࡑ㸪ຊࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ ࡚ࡶẼ࡙࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀࡳ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿᑠᏛᰯ࡛㸪㸰ᖺ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕࡽࡇࡢᐇ㊶ ࠕᡴᴦჾ㸪ࡁࡍࡂࡲࡍࡡࠋ࠶᪕ᚊࡀ⪺ ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᣦᑟ⪅᭣ࡃࠕ㸰ᖺ⏕࡛ࡶ
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 105ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
࡛ࡁࡲࡍࡡࠋࡓࡲ㸪㸯ᖺ⏕ࡢࡁ㘽┙ࣁ࣮ ࡶࡀ࠸ࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᏊࡶࡀዲ ࣔࢽ࡛࢝⦎⩦ࡋࡓ᭤ࢆᣦ♧Წ࡛ᣦࡍ㸪ᤵᴗ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋఱ࡛ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࡀ┒ࡾୖࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠖࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡎࡋࡀࡽࡎࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿࠕᑠᏛᰯ㸰ᖺ ࠕ㝵ྡၐࡣᑠᏛᰯ㸱ᖺ⏕ࡽࠖᤊ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ ⏕ࡢᚰࠖࢆே࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࡎࡗᣢࡕ⥆ࡅ࡚ ࡀࡔ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㸯ᖺ⏕ࡽ↓⌮࡞ࡃ㝵 ࡋ࠸㢪࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྡၐྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࡏࡿⰋ࠸ࠋ᪩࠸࠺ࡕࡽᴦ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ㸪ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕㐃 ㆕័ࢀぶࡋࡴ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣᴦ㆕ᑐࡋ ᦠࢆࡾ㸪సࡗࡓ᭤ḷモࢆࡘࡅࡿࡉࡽ ࡚ࡢඛධほࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗࡀᐦᗘࡢ⃰࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠋᴦჾࡀ 㝵ྡၐࢆࡸࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡣ㸪ඛ⏕ࡗ࡚ ⱞᡭ࡞Ꮚࡶ࡛ࡶ㸪ḷ࡞ࡽୖᡭ࠸࠺Ꮚࡶ ࡣྠࡌࡇࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡛㸪൨ຕ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ ࡀ࠸ࡿࡣࡎࠋᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡀᅜㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡞࡛ ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡑࢀࢆ 1 ᪥㸰㹼㸱ศ⥆ ḷモࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㡢ᴦࡢ㛫࡛ୖࡆࡿ ࡅࡿࡇពࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸪Ꮚ ࠸࠺㐃ᦠࢆࡿ㸪ࡼࡾᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢ㐩ᡂ ࡶࡓࡕࡢຊࡣࡍࡄⴠࡕ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ ឤࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࠖࡢຓゝࢆࡋࡓࠋ 㸰ศ࡞ࡽ㸰ศỴࡵ㸪࢟ࢵࢳࣥࢱ࣐࣮࡞ ᑠᏛ⏕ࡣ⣲┤㸟⣲┤࡞࠺ࡕࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࡇ ࢆ⏝ࡋࠕ㛫ࡔ㹼ࠖ࡞࠸࠺Ꮚࡶ ࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠶ࡆ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋ ࡓࡕࡶᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㞟୰ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡣࡎ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶᪉ἲչ ࡲࡓ㸪㸰ᖺ⏕࡛㝵ྡၐྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ 㹼㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ⦅㹼 ࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡇࡽ⡆༢࡞స᭤άື㸦㡢 ࠕᏊࡶࡓࡕ㸪↛ᴦ㆕ࡀㄞࡵ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾ㸧ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࣜࢬ࣒ࡶศࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⤖ᒁḷࡗ࡚ᩍ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ 㸰ᖺ⏕ࡣᣦᑟ⪅ࡢゝⴥࢆࡼࡃࡁ࠸࡚㸪ᡂࡉ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⮬ศࡢ㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ㛫ࡀ㊊ ࡏࡼ࠺ࡀࢇࡤࡾጞࡵࡿࠋ ࡾ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ 㡢ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡍࡿ๓ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ୍ゝࠕࡳࢇ ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᝎࡳࡀከࡃ⪺ࢀࡿࠋ ࡞㸪ࡕࡻࡗ㡢ᴦᐊࡢᚋࢁࢆぢ࡚ࡈࡽࢇࠋ᭷ ࠶ࡿඛ⏕ࡣࠕ㸯ᖺ⏕ࡽ㡢ᴦࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡲ ྡ࡞స᭤ᐙࡤࡾࠋᕥࡽࣂࢵࣁ㸪࣮ࣔࢶ ࡍࠋࡔࡽ㸪㒊άࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ㸪㡢➢ࡀㄞ ࣝࢺ㸪࣮࣋ࢺ࣮࣭࣭࣭࣋ࣥ࠶ࢀ㸽୍␒ྑࡢ ࡵ࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀศࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍ ࡇࢁఱ࠶ࡿࡼࠖ ࡿࡢࡣ⮬ศࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࠖࡋࡑ࠺ㄒࡿࠋ ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⣬ࡀ୍ᯛ㈞ࡗ࡚࠶ࡿࡀ㸪స᭤ᐙ ࡇࡢඛ⏕ࡣ㸪⪃࠼⪃࠼࡚ᤵᴗࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ ࡢ┿ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕࡇࢀ㸪࡞ࢇࡔᛮ࠺㸽ࡑ࠺ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ศ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㡢ᴦࡢ㛫 ࡛ࡍࠋࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢ୰ࡽ᭷ྡ࡞స᭤ᐙࡀ⏕ࡲ ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇࡽጞࡵ㸪ᡤࠎඛ⤂ࡋ ࢀࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㈞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᚋ ࡓࠕ㝵ྡၐࠖࢆධࢀࡓࡾ㸪ࣜࢺ࣑ࢵࢡࢆྲྀࡾ ࡢ࣭࣭࣭ࡉࢇࡢ┿ࡀ㈞ࡽࢀࡿ⤌ۑ㸰ᖺ ධࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠖ ࣜࢺ࣑ࢵࢡࡣ㸪ࡌࡗ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮚࡶࡓࡕ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡽ➗㢦ࡀࡇࡰࢀࡿࠋࡇࢇ࡞୍ ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᤵᴗࡢࠕᑟධࠖࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪 ゝࡽᮏᙜస᭤ᐙ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࢇ࡞Ꮀࡋ 㞟୰ຊ࣭ࣜࢬ࣒ឤ⫱ᡂࡢຠᯝࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁ ࠸ࡇࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ వㄯ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ㸪㡢ᴦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᤵᴗ ᅄศ㡢➢㸪ඵศ㡢➢㸪ศ㡢➢㸪㡢➢࣭࣭ ࡢ୰࡛ఱඛ⏕ㄆࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺ࡋ࡚ ࡇࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࣜࢬ࣒㌟యࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ ࠕࡣ࠸ࡗ㸟ࡣ࣮࠸ࡗࠖᡭࢆᣲࡆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿᏊ 㡢ᴦᐊࡢ୰ࢆࡲࢃࡿࠋ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 106
ࡲࡓ㸪ࠕᴦ㆕㸿ࠖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ࣆࣀࢆ⏝࠸ 㹼⦎⩦ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒㹼 ࡚ᕥᡭ࡛ప㡢ࢆ㸪ྑᡭ࡛୕㡢ࢆకዌࡍࡿࠋ ఱࡢࡓࡵ㔠⟶ࣂࣥࢻࡸ྿ዌᴦάືࢆ࠾ ᕥᡭࡢప㡢ࡣ㊊ࡢࣜࢬ࣒㸪ྑᡭࡢ୕㡢ࡣᡭ ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽ࡑࡢ┠ᶆ ᢿᏊ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡋ࡚ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆኚ࠼࡚Ṍࡏ ┠ᶆࡣ㒊ဨဨࡀ㸯㸳⛊௨ෆ࡛ၐ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡿࠋࡓࡲࠕᑐ㸟㸟ࠖ࠸࠺ኌ࡛ᡭ㊊ࡢ ࡶࡢࡋ㸪⦎⩦ࡢ᭱ึ᭱ᚋၐࡍࡿࠋ ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㏫ࡋ࡚㸪㣬ࡁࡿࡇ࡞ࡃᴦࡋࢇ࡛ ┠ᶆࢆ㡢ᴦᐊᥖ♧ࠋ ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ 㡢㝵ࡢᴦ㆕ࠕᴦ㆕㹀ࠖ ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᴦ㆕ࠕᴦ 㡢➢ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆయឤࡉࡏࡿࡇࡶ ㆕㹁ࠖࣁࣥࢻࢧࣥ㡢ၐࡢᴦ㆕ ࠕᴦ㆕ ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ᴦ㆕ࡣ㞳ࢀ㸪ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆయឤࡉࡏࡿ 㹂ࠖࢆ㡢ᴦᐊᥖ♧ࠋ ࡁࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ ࢘ ኌࡢࡶࡢࡉࡋ⾲㸦2 ே࡛ヰࠊ⌜㸪Ꮫ⣭㸪 ࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࠕᏊࡶࡘࡅࡉࡏࡓ࠸ຊ Ꮫᖺ㸪㔝እ➼࡛ࡢኌࡢࡁࡉ㸧ᥖ♧ ࡣఱࠖࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ㸪࠾ࡢࡎᤵ ࢚ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡽᴦჾࢆฟࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ❧࡚㸪࢛࣮࢘ ᴗࡢ᪉ἲࡶኚࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ ࣑ࣥࢢࢵࣉ㸪ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦㸪ᴦ᭤⦎⩦㸪 ࡲࡓ㸪ᖖᑠᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆᛕ㢌࠾ ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥ㸪ࢣ࣮ࢫᴦჾࢆࡋࡲ࠸ಖ⟶ ࠸࡚㡢ᴦᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆࢆぢኻࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞ ሙᡤ∦ࡅࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲ࢆᥖ♧ࠋ ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢࠎࡢᏊࡶ ࡍ࡚㛫ࢆỴࡵ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ィࡍࡿࠋ ࡢᵝᏊ࣭≧ែࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᇶᮏࡢᤵᴗෆᐜࡣኚ ࠕࢩࢫࢸ࣒⾲㸯㹼㸵ࠖ ࢃࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ᣦᑟࡢ᪉࣭᪉ἲࡣኚ࠼࡞ࡃ 㸯Ᏻ➨୍ᴦჾࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ྜዌ‽ഛ э ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸰࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢࢵࣉэ㸱ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦э 㡢ᴦᤵᴗࢆᖖ㡢ᴦ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ᨵ 㸲ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⦎⩦э㸳ᴦ᭤⦎⩦э ၿࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᨺㄢᚋࡢ⟶ᡴᴦჾࡢᣦᑟ 㸴ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥэ㸵Ᏻ➨୍ᚋ∦ࡅ ࡶࡁࡃᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࠋ 㸯㸪ᴦჾࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡣᏊࡶࡢᏳࢆ➨୍
⪃࠼㸪ḟᴦჾࢆᑀᢅ࠸୍ே࡙ࡘࡺࡗ 㸱㸬▷㛫࡛ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡿ⦎⩦ࢩࢫࢸ ࡃࡾ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᣦᑟࡍࡿࠋື⥺☜ㄆ㸪ࢭࢵࢸ ࣒ࡢࡓࡵࡢලయⓗ᪉ἲ ࣥࢢ⦎⩦ࠋ 㸰㸪࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢࢵࣉࠕᴦ㆕㹃ࠖࡣṇࡋ࠸ 㹼㡢ᴦᐊ㸦ྜዌ⦎⩦ሙᡤ㸧ཬࡧ ₇ዌጼໃ࡛᭱ࡶฟࡸࡍ࠸㡢㸦ᴦჾᜥࢆධ Ꮫᰯࡢ⎔ቃᩚഛ㹼 ࢀࡓࡁ⮬↛ฟ࡚ࡃࡿẚ㍑ⓗప࠸㡢㸧 㐣ཤ㸯㸮ᖺ㛫Ꮫᰯゼၥࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡽ㸪ࡑ ࢆ㟼㸲ᢿࡢࡤࡍࠋ ࡢ⋞㛵ࢆධࡗࡓࡁ㸪᮶ᐈࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ⣽ 㸦࢜ࣝ࢞ࣥэࣈࣞࢫэḷ࠺эࣈࣞࢫэ࣐࣮ ࠸ᚰ㓄ࡾ㸦Ύᤲ㸪ࢫࣜࢵࣃ㸪ෆᯈ㸪ཷ ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫ㸦ᮌ⟶ࡣḷ࠺㸧эࣈࣞࢫэᴦჾ ࡢᑐᛂ➼㸧ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࡣ₇ዌࡶẚ㍑ⓗ ࣐࣮ࢫࣆ࣮ࢫࢆࡅࡿэᴦჾ࡛₇ዌ㸧 ୖᡭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫᰯࡣ⋞㛵ࡽ㡢 ᡴᴦჾࡣࢫࢺࣞࢵࢳࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ᴦᐊࡸయ⫱㤋ෆࡉࢀࡿᗯୗࡶΎᤲࡀ࠸ࡁ 㸱㸪ྜዌᇶ♏⦎⩦ࠕᴦ㆕㹄ࠖ ࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡍࢀ㐪࠺ඣ❺ࡸ⫋ဨࡽࡉࢃ 㸲㸪ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⦎⩦ࠕᴦ㆕㹅ࠖ 㡢㝵ࡦࡘࡦ ࡸ࡞࠶࠸ࡉࡘࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀከࡗࡓࠋ ࡘࡢ㡢ࢆࡺࡗࡃࡾಸ㡢ࢆ⫈ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⦎ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸₇ዌࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ ⩦ࠋ ᰯࡣ㡢ᴦᐊࡢᥖ♧≀ࡶ⨾ࡋࡃ㸪⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ 㸳㸪ᴦ㆕ᑠ⠇␒ྕࢆ᭩ࡃࠋᴦ᭤ࡢᵓᡂ㡢ࢆ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡍ࡚ᩘ࠼ࡿࠋࣇ࣮ࢫࢺࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺࡢ
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 107ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ሙྜ㸪㸴㸮㸮ࡢ㡢࡛ 1 ᭤ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡓࡽୖ⣭⏕ࡀࣁࣥࢻࢧࣥ㡢ၐ࡛కዌࡍ ࡽ㸪㸲ศ㡢➢㸻㸴㸮ࡢࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ᭱ึࡢ㡢 ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀ᭱ࡶ⮬↛ึᚰ⪅ࢆྜዌ ࡽ㡰␒㸲ᢿࡢࡤࡍࠋ㸳ᢿࡵࡀ㡢ࡢ࣮ࣜࣜ ධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࢫ㸪㸴ᢿࡵࣈࣞࢫࠋࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡ ࡲࡓ㸪ഛရᴦჾࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࣜࢥ࣮ࢲ ࢱ࣮࡛ࢡࣛࣜࢿࢵࢺྠ୍㡢ࢆ₇ዌ㸪ᴦ᭤ ࣮ࡸ㘽┙ࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࢝㸪ྜၐ㸪ᡭసࡾ࣐ࣛ࢝ࢫ ᭱ᚋࡢ㡢ࡲ࡛₇ዌࡍࡿ⣙㸯㛫ࡿࠋ 㸦࣌ࢵࢺ࣎ࢺࣝᑠ▼ࢆධࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧➼ࢆ⦎ 㸯᪥㸰㸮ศ㛫㸪㸱᪥㛫࡛᭱ᚋࡲ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ⩦ࡉࡏ㸪㸳㸪㸴ᖺ⏕ࡢྜዌຍ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ ࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮ࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࡇࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪 ᑟ᪉ἲࡶ㠀ᖖຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣆࢵࢳࡀపࡅࢀࡤୖྥࡁࡢ▮༳㸪㧗ࡅࢀࡤ ⟶ᴦჾࡣస㡢ᴦჾ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠕḷ࠼࡞࠸᪕ ୗྥࡁࡢ▮༳ࢆᴦ㆕᭩ࡁධࢀࡿࠋ ᚊࡣᴦჾ࡛ṇ☜₇ዌࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ ḟྠ୍᪕ᚊࢆ₇ዌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏊࡶࡓࡕ ⨾ࡋࡃṇ☜࡞㡢ࢆฟࡍࡓࡵࡣ₇ዌ⪅ࡀ⮬ศ ࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡈ㸪࠸ࡗࡋࡻୖグࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ ࡢ㡢ឤࡸឤᛶࢆࡶࡋ࡚ࠕ㡢ࠖࢆసࡽ࡞ࡅ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋḟྠ୍᪕ᚊࢆዌ࡛⦎⩦㸪 ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࠕ㡢ࠖࢆࡘࡃࡿࡓࡵࡣ ࣮ࢸ࣮࢟ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸪ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࢯࣝࣇ࢙࣮ࢪࣗࡢຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢຊࢆ ࢆᥞ࠼ࡿࠋḟᙉᙅ➼ࢆᥞ࠼࡚ᣦᐃࢸ࣏ࣥ ㌟ࡅࡿ᭱㐺࡞᪉ἲࡣࠕḷ࠺ࠖࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ㸴㸮㸣࡛₇ዌࠋ᭱ᚋᣦᐃࡢࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ₇ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡽ㸴ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ဨ࡛ྜၐ⦎⩦ࢆᐃᮇ ዌࠋ ⓗ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡶ₇ዌᢏ⾡ྥୖຠᯝࡀ࠶ 㸴㸪ࢡ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥࡣ࢛࣮࣑࢘ࣥࢢࢵࣉྠ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡌࡇࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࣁࣥࢻࢧࣥ㡢ၐࢆẖᅇ㸱ศ⛬ᗘ㸪 㸵㸪㸯ྠᵝᚋ∦ࡅࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᚋ∦ࡅࡢ ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࣂࣥࢻయࡢ ⦎⩦ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࡀࡼࡾ⨾ࡋࡃ㇏࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡁࡣᚲࡎࢫ ࢺࢵࣉ࢛࢘ࢵࢳ࢟ࢵࢳࢱ࣐࣮ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ ࠾ࢃࡾ ᪥ㄅࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㛫ࢆグධࡍࡿࠋඣ❺ࡢᏳ ⚾ࡀᣦᑟ⪅ࡸᑠᏛ⏕┤᥋࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ ࢆ➨୍⪃࠼㸪ᖖࡼࡾࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ⦎⩦ࡀ ᣦᑟࢆ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚ࡾ㏉ࡗࡓࡁ㸪ࠕఱࡢࡓࡵ ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺᪥ࠎᨵၿࢆ⾜࠸࡞ࡀࡽ⦎⩦ ⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡢ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓᏛᰯࡣ₇ዌᢏ⾡㸪㡢 ῝ࡃ⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪㡢ᴦࢆ ᴦ⾲⌧ࡶୖ㐩ࡋࡓࠋᴦ㆕ H㸫㸯㹼㸳ࡣᮅ ឡዲࡍࡿᚰࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ⦎⩦➼࡛ಶูᣦᑟࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ ࡑࢀࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྜၐࡸ㚷㈹ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ 㸲㸬㸲ᖺ⏕㸦ึᚰ⪅㸧ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ༑ศ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ึᚰ⪅ࡣẖᅇࣁ࣮ࣔࢽ࣮ࢹࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪࡞ࡐ㸪⟶ᡴᴦჾࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿᚲせ ⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀࣥࣈࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠋ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋḟึᚰ⪅ࡀ୍␒ฟࡋࡸࡍ࠸㡢 ඣ❺ࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࡽࡶࢃࡿࡼ࠺ ࡽ㡢ᇦࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡁ㸪ࠕ࣓࣮ࣜࡉࢇࡢ⨺ࠖࠕ႐ 㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣᴦჾࢆ₇ዌࡍࡿࡇࡁ ࡧࡢḷࠖࠕ࠼ࡿࡢḷࠖ➼ࡢ᪕ᚊࢆ₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡞⯆㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪≉Ꮚࡶ ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁ㸪ୖ⣭⏕࣌ࢆ⤌ࢇ ࡓࡕࡀ⯆㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⟶ᡴᴦჾࡔࡽ ࡛ዌࢆ 1 㡢࡙ࡘ㸪ḟ 1 ᑠ⠇㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᚎࠎ ࡇࡑᣦᑟࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⯆㛵ᚰࡢ࠶ ᑠ⠇ᩘࢆቑࡸࡋ㸯᭤₇ዌ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ ࡿࡑࢀࡽࡢᴦჾࢆࡗ࡚㸪ឤᛶࡸ㞟୰ຊ㸪⥅
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 108
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ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 109ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
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≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 110
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸯
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 111ܖჽဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸰
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 112
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸱
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 113ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹁㸫㸲
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ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 115ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹃
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 116
ᴦ㆕㹄㸫㸯㸦ࡍ࡚ࢫ࣮࡛ࣛ₇ዌࡍࡿ㸧
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 117ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹄㸫㸰㸦ࡍ࡚ࢫ࣮࡛ࣛ₇ዌࡍࡿ㸧
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ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸯
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 119ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸰
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 120
ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸱
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 121ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹅㸫㸲
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 122
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸯
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 123ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸰
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 124
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸱
ఄ↚ⅹↀ↺јௐႎ↙ሥಏ֥ਦݰඥ↚↓ⅳ↕↝ᎋݑ‒ 125ܖဋ̲ɟ≝ݱ
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸲
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 126
ᴦ㆕㹆㸫㸳
ᘬ⏝ᴦ㆕࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 㸦㸧ࠕ-%& ࣂࣥࢻࢫࢱࢹ࣮ࠖ ᪥ᮏࣂࣥࢻࢡࣜࢽ 㸦㸧ࠕࢿ࣒ࣂࣥࢻࢫࢱࢹࠖ ᪥ᮏࣂࣥࢻࢡࣜࢽࢵ ࢵࢡጤဨ ࣐ࣖࣁᰴᘧ♫ ࢡጤဨ ࣐ࣖࣁᰴᘧ♫
ဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 127ܖܖ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜ
ԓ∝૰إ ‒≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ ဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑܖܖஜ ‒ 1 ᭘‒ ଔᒁ
äääääääääääääääääääää‒⇓⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ‒ ៲˳ኵ≋Body Composition≌‒ ᭌሂ㸦Skeletal Muscle㸧 ˳ᏢᏆྙ㸦Skeletal Muscle㸧 ᨨ↻Ꮔ㸦Hidden Obesity㸧
㸯㸬◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ ࠕIn Bodyࠖࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᗣᩍ⫱ࢆᐇࡋࠊࡑ ࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ ㏆ᖺ 10㹼20 ௦ࡢⱝ⪅ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺᚿྥࡀᙉࡃࠊ
እぢࡣ⑭ࡏ࡚ぢ࠼࡚ࡶయ⬡⫫⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ᡤㅝࠕ㞃 㸰㸬᪉ἲ ࢀ⫧‶࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢഴྥࡣࠊ እぢࡤࡾࡽࢃࢀ࣮࢝ࣟࣜࡔࡅὀ┠ࡋࡓ 㸰㸬㸯 ⿕᳨⪅ ↓⌮࡞ࢲ࢚ࢵࢺࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ⿕᳨⪅ࡣࠊᮏᏛᚲಟ⛉┠ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ㸦㐌 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗ࿌ࡣᮏᏛࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ(1)బࠎᮌࡽ 㸯ᅇ 90 ศ㸧ࢆཷㅮࡍࡿᮏᏛᏛ⏕࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ (బࠎᮌ㐨Ꮚ㸸2000㸪㹮.97)ࡸ㸦2㸧᪂ᇼࡽ(᪂ᇼከ ㊃᪨ྠពࡋࡓ᪂ධ⏕⏨Ꮚ 19 ྡ࠾ࡼࡧዪᏊ 12 ㈡Ꮚ㸸2013㸪㹮147-149)ࠊ(3)ᐑᮧࡽ(ᐑᮧⱱ⣖㸸 ྡࠊィ 31 ྡࢆᑐ㇟ㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ 2002㸪㹮56)ࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ ࡉࢀࠊၥ㢟どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸰㸬㸰 ᐃ㡯┠ ࢲ࢚ࢵࢺࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓⱝ⪅ࡢ೫㣗ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ 㸰㸬㸰㸬㸯 ㌟య⤌ᡂ ௦ㅰάᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᮇ㦵㔞ቑຍࡢጉࡆ࡞ࡿࠋ ㌟య⤌ᡂࡣ㌟㛗ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧయ㔜ࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ࠊ ᚑࡗ࡚᭱㦵㔞ࡀప್ࡢࡲࡲ୰㧗ᖺ㱋ࢆ㏄࠼ࠊ BMI(Body Mass Index)ࠊ㦵᱁➽㔞ࠊBMC(Bone 㦵⢒㧼ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚ Mineral Content)ࠊ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ4 ᭶ 1 ࠸ࡿ(4)(≟అ▱Ꮚ㸸2010㸪㹮11-12)ࠋࡉࡽࠊ㦵 ᅇ┠㸦௨ୗ pre㸧࠾ࡼࡧ 7 ᭶ࡢ 12 ᅇ⤊ᚋ㸦௨ 㔞ῶᑡࢆ㜵ࡄࡣ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸㐠ື ୗ post㸧 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ุᐃ ่⃭ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡇࡣࠊࡑࢀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ ᇶ‽್ࡣ⏨ᛶ 10㸣㹼20㸣ᮍ‶ࠊዪᛶ 20㸣㹼 ࠸ࠋ 30㸣ᮍ‶ࢆᶆ‽⠊ᅖෆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊBMI ࡣయ ᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᚲಟ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖㅮ 㔜/㌟㛗(m)㸰࡛ồࡵࡽࢀ⫧‶ᗘࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝ ⩏ࢆ㏻ࡋࠊᏛ⏕ྛࠎࡀ㐠ືࡣ࡞ࡐᚲせ࡞ࡢࢆ ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋWHO㸦ୡ⏺ಖᶵ㛵㸧ࡼࡿ ⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏕ᾭࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⧅ࡆࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ BMI ࡢᶆ‽⠊ᅖࡣ 18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0kg/㹫㸰࡛ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࡑࡢ୍ຓࡋ࡚యᡂศศᯒჾ ࠶ࡾࠊ18.5kg/㹫㸰ᮍ‶ࢆ⑭ࡏᆺ࣭25.0kg/㹫㸰௨
‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ․‧ ଐӖྸ‒ ୖࢆ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ A study on the body composition of the students of Kaichi In- BMI ࡀᶆ‽⠊ᅖෆࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕయ⬡⫫⋡ࡀ⫧ ternational University. “‣ ⁅⁓⁓⁗‒⁆⁓⁝⁓⁚⁓⁚⁛‒ ‶ഴྥ㸦⏨ᛶ 20㸣௨ୖࠊዪᛶ 30㸣௨ୖ㸧ࡢ⪅ ‒ᢿܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᨥ ‒
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 128
ࢆ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ᐃ⩏ࡋࠊேᩘ࠾ࡼࡧྜࢆㄪᰝࡋ ྛ ᐃ㡯┠࠾ࡅࡿ⤫ィฎ⌮ࡣࠊᖹᆒ್sᶆ ࡓࠋBMC ࡣ↓ᶵ㉁㔞࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㦵㔞ࡢᣦᶆࡋ ‽೫ᕪ࡛♧ࡋࠊ4 ᭶ࡢ⤖ᯝ 7 ᭶ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ ࡚ࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡍࡿⅭᑐᛂࡢ࠶ࡿ㹲᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭷ ㌟య⤌ᡂࡢ ᐃࡣࠊBIA(Bio electric Im- ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㐠ື⩦័࠾ࡼࡧ pedance Analysis)ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓయᡂศศᯒჾ In ฟᖍ≧ἣࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆㄪࡿⅭࠊPearson Body 720㸦ࣂ࢜ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ♫〇㸧ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ BIA ἲࡣࠊேయᚤᙅ࡞㟁Ẽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㟁Ẽ ᢠ್ࢆ ᐃࡋࠊ㌟య⤌ᡂࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ 㸱㸬⤖ᯝ ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬㸯㌟య⤌ᡂ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸯 ㌟㛗 㸰㸬㸰㸬㸰 㐠ື⩦័࠾ࡼࡧฟᖍᅇᩘ pre ࠾ࡼࡧ post ࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ㌟㛗ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒ ᚲಟ⛉┠ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ௨እࡢ㐠ື⩦័ࢆ ࢀ 165.2s0.1cmࠊ165.3s0.1cm ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏨ ㄪࡿⅭࠊ1 㐌㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㐠ືࢆఱ᪥⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 170.2s6.2cmࠊpost ್ ࡿࢆ 12 ᅇ┠⤊ᚋ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ 170.3s6.1cm ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶࡣ pre ್ 157.2s ࡲࡓࠊ 15 ᅇ୰ࡢฟᖍᅇᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡋ 4.7cmࠊpost ್ 157.5s4.7cm ࡛ࠊpre ್ post ࡓࠋ ್ࡢẚ㍑࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⩌㛫ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆ
ࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 1㸧ࠋ 㸰㸬㸱 ⤫ィฎ⌮
⾲䠍䚷⏨ዪูᖹᆒ䛚䜘䜃యᖹᆒ⤖ᯝ୍ぴ
⏨ᛶ㼜㼞㼑 ⏨ᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠 ዪᛶ㼜㼞㼑 ዪᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠 య㼜㼞㼑 య㼜㼛㼟㼠
㌟㛗㻔㼏㼙㻕 㻝㻣㻜㻚㻞㼼㻢㻚㻞 㻝㻣㻜㻚㻟㼼㻢㻚㻝 㻝㻡㻣㻚㻞㼼㻠㻚㻣 㻝㻡㻣㻚㻡㼼㻠㻚㻣 㻝㻢㻡㻚㻞㼼㻜㻚㻝 㻝㻢㻡㻚㻟㼼㻜㻚㻝
య㔜㻔㼗㼓㻕 㻢㻞㻚㻠㼼㻥㻚㻢 㻢㻞㻚㻡㼼㻝㻜㻚㻟 㻡㻡㻚㻞㼼㻝㻝㻚㻜 㻡㻠㻚㻤㼼㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻡㻥㻚㻢㼼㻝㻜㻚㻣 㻡㻥㻚㻡㼼㻝㻜㻚㻥 䠆䠆䠆 䠆䠆 య⬡⫫⋡㻔㻑㻕 㻝㻣㻚㻢㼼㻠㻚㻢 㻝㻣㻚㻟㼼㻠㻚㻣 㻟㻝㻚㻥㼼㻢㻚㻤 㻞㻥㻚㻟㼼㻣㻚㻞 㻞㻟㻚㻝㼼㻥㻚㻝 㻞㻞㻚㻜㼼㻤㻚㻟
㻮㻹㻵㻔㼗㼓㻛㼙㻞㻕 㻞㻝㻚㻡㼼㻞㻚㻤 㻞㻝㻚㻡㼼㻟㻚㻜 㻞㻞㻚㻠㼼㻠㻚㻡 㻞㻞㻚㻞㼼㻠㻚㻝 㻞㻝㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻡 㻞㻝㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻠
㞃䜜⫧‶㻔ྡ䠅 㻠ྡ䠄㻞㻝㻚㻝䠂䠅 㻡ྡ䠄㻞㻢㻚㻟䠂䠅 㻠ྡ䠄㻟㻟㻚㻟䠂䠅 㻞ྡ䠄㻝㻢㻚㻣䠂䠅 㻤ྡ䠄㻞㻡㻚㻤䠂䠅 㻣ྡ䠄㻞㻞㻚㻢䠂䠅 䠆 䠆 㦵᱁➽㔞䠄㼗㼓䠅 㻞㻤㻚㻢㼼㻠㻚㻝 㻞㻤㻚㻤㼼㻟㻚㻥 㻝㻥㻚㻥㼼㻞㻚㻥 㻞㻜㻚㻡㼼㻞㻚㻟 㻞㻡㻚㻟㼼㻡㻚㻣 㻞㻡㻚㻢㼼㻡㻚㻠
㻮㻹㻯㻔㼗㼓㻕 㻞㻚㻤㻣㼼㻜㻚㻠㻝 㻞㻚㻤㻤㼼㻜㻚㻠㻝 㻞㻚㻞㻡㼼㻜㻚㻞㻣 㻞㻚㻟㻜㼼㻜㻚㻞㻝 㻞㻚㻢㻟㼼㻜㻚㻠㻤 㻞㻚㻢㻡㼼㻜㻚㻠㻣
㐠ື⩦័㻔ᅇ㻛㐌䠅 䢟 㻝㻚㻢㻟㼼㻞㻚㻟㻠 䢟 㻜 䢟 㻝㻚㻜㻜㼼㻞㻚㻜㻡
ฟᖍ≧ἣ䠄ᅇ㻛㻝㻡ᅇ䠅 䢟 㻝㻟㻚㻟㼼㻝㻚㻣 䢟 㻝㻟㻚㻠㼼㻞㻚㻜 䢟 㻝㻟㻚㻠㼼㻝㻚㻥 䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻡 䠆䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻝 䠆䠆䠆䠘㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝
ဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 129ܖܖ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸰 య㔜 ್ 55.2s11.0kgࠊpost ್ࡣ 54.8s10.0kg ࡛࠶ య㔜ࡣࠊpre ್ 59.6s10.7kgࠊpost ್ 59..5 ࡗࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⩌㛫ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ s10.9kg ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⏨ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ࡗࡓࡀࠊዪᛶ⩌ࡸࡸῶᑡᑡഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦⾲ ್ 62.4s9.6kgࠊpost ್ 62.5s10.3kgࠊዪᛶ pre 1ࠊᅗ 2㸧ࠋ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸱 య⬡⫫⋡ post ್ 29.3s7.2㸣࡛ pre ್࠾ࡼࡧ post ್㛫 య⬡⫫⋡ࡣࠊpre ್ 23.1s9.1㸣ࠊpost ್ 22..0 ᫂ࡽ࡞ῶᑡ㸦P㸺0.001㸧ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊ s8.3㸣࡛᭷ព࡞ῶᑡ㸦P㸺0.01㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⏨ ᅗ 3㸧ࠋ ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 17.6s4.6㸣ࠊpost ್ 17..3 ࡲࡓࠊ⫧‶ഴྥ࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ࡣࠊpre ࡛ 14 ྡ/31 s4.7㸣࡛ࢃࡎ࡞ࡀࡽῶᑡࡋࡓࡀ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆㄆ ྡ㸦⣙ 45.2㸣㸧࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ⏨ᛶ 6 ྡ/19 ྡ㸦 ⣙ ࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶࡣ pre ್ 31.9s6.8㸣ࠊ 31.6㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 8 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦⣙ 66.7㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 130 post ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 36.8㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 6 ྡ ィ 15 ྡ㸦 ⣙ 48.4㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶ⩌࠾࠸࡚ 2 㸦50.0㸣㸧ࠊィ 13 ྡ㸦⣙ 41.9㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶ ྡῶᑡࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ⑭ࡏᆺࡣ pre ࠾࠸࡚ 0 ྡ ⩌࡛ࡣ 2 ྡῶᑡࡋࡓࠋᶆ‽⠊ᅖࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊpre ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊpost ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶᛶ㸯ྡ㸦⣙ 5.3㸣㸧ࠊዪ ࡛ 17 ྡ㸦⣙ 54.8㸣㸧ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ⏨ᛶ 13 ྡ㸦⣙ ᛶ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 16.7㸣㸧ࠊィ 3 ྡ㸦⣙ 9.7㸣㸧ቑຍࡋ 68.4㸣㸧ࠊዪ ᛶ 4 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋPost ࡓ㸦⾲ 2ࠊᅗ 3㸧ࠋ ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ 11 ྡ㸦⣙ 57.9㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧ࠊ
⾲㻞䚷య⬡⫫⋡䛚䜘䜃㻮㻹㻵䛻䛚䛡䜛⫧⑭ᗘูேᩘ䛾ẚ㍑
య⬡⫫⋡ 㻮㻹㻵 㞃䜜⫧‶ 䜸䞊䝞䞊 ⑭䛫ᆺ ᶆ‽ ⫧‶ ⑭䛫ᆺ ᶆ‽ 䠄䠂䠅 䜴䜵䜵䜲䝖
⏨ᛶ㼜㼞㼑㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 㻜 㻝㻟 㻢 㻝 㻝㻢 㻞 㻠㻔㻞㻝㻚㻝㻕
⏨ᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 㻝 㻝㻝 㻣 㻝 㻝㻢 㻞 㻡㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕
ዪᛶ䡌䡎䡁㻔㼚㻩㻝㻞㻕 㻜 㻠 㻤 㻞 㻢 㻠 㻠㻔㻟㻟㻚㻟㻕
ዪᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻝㻞㻕 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻝 㻣 㻠 㻞㻔㻝㻢㻚㻣㻕
య㼜㼞㼑㻔㼚㻩㻟㻝㻕 㻜 㻝㻣 㻝㻠 㻟 㻞㻞 㻢 㻤㻔㻞㻡㻚㻤㻕
య㼜㼛㼟㼠㻔㼚㻩㻟㻝㻕 㻟 㻝㻡 㻝㻟 㻞 㻞㻟 㻢 㻣㻔㻞㻞㻚㻢㻕 㸱㸬㸯㸬㸲 BMI ࡾࠊዪᛶ pre ್ 22.4s4.5kg/m2ࠊpost ್ 22.2 BMI ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊpre ್ 21.8s3.5kg/㹫2ࠊpost s4.1kg/m2 ࡛࠸ࡎࢀࡢẚ㍑࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ពᕪ ್ 21.8s3.4kg/m2 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⏨ᛶ pre ್ ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 4㸧ࠋ 21.5s2.8kg/㹫2ࠊpost ್ 21.5s3.0kg/m2 ࡛࠶
ဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 131ܖܖ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜ
pre ࠾ࡅࡿ⑭ࡏᆺࡣ⏨ᛶ㸯ྡ/19 ྡ㸦⣙ 㸦⣙ 8.3㸣㸧ࠊィ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 6.5㸣㸧࡛ࠊᶆ‽⏨ᛶ 5.3㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 2 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦16.7㸣㸧ࠊィ 3 ྡ/31 16 ྡ㸦⣙ 84.2㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 58.3㸣㸧ࠊィ ྡ㸦⣙ 9.7㸣㸧ࠊᶆ‽ࡣ⏨ᛶ 16 ྡ㸦⣙ 84.2㸣㸧ࠊ 23 ྡ㸦⣙ 74.2㸣㸧ࠊ࣮࢜ࣂࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺ⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ ዪᛶ 6 ྡ㸦50㸣㸧ࠊィ 22 ྡ㸦⣙ 71.0㸣㸧ࠊ࣮࢜ /19 ྡ㸦⣙ 10.5㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧ࠊ ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺ⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 10.5㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ ィ 6 ྡ/31 ྡ㸦⣙ 19.4㸣㸧࡛࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲ 2ࠊ⾲ 㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧ࠊィ 6 ྡ㸦⣙ 19.4㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 3ࠊᅗ 4㸧 Post ࡛ࡣ⑭ࡏᆺ⏨ᛶ 1 ྡ㸦 ⣙ 5.3㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ㸯ྡ
⾲㻟䚷㻮㻹㻵䛻䛚䛡䜛⫧⑭ᗘูேᩘ䛾ྜ䠄㻞㻜ṓ௦ᅜᖹᆒ್䛸䛾ẚ㍑䠅
⑭䛫ᆺ ᶆ‽ 䜸䞊䝞䞊䜴䜵䜲䝖
⏨ᛶ㼜㼞㼑 㻡㻚㻟㻑 㻤㻠㻚㻞㻑 㻝㻜㻚㻡㻑
⏨ᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻡㻚㻟㻑 㻤㻠㻚㻞㻑 㻝㻜㻚㻡㻑
ᅜ⏨ᛶ 㻠㻚㻣㻑 㻢㻢㻚㻣㻑 㻞㻤㻚㻢㻑
ዪᛶ㼜㼞㼑 㻝㻢㻚㻣㻑 㻡㻜㻚㻜㻑 㻟㻟㻚㻟㻑
ዪᛶ㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻤㻚㻟㻑 㻡㻤㻚㻟㻑 㻟㻟㻚㻟㻑
ᅜዪᛶ 㻝㻞㻚㻟㻑 㻢㻣㻚㻠㻑 㻞㻜㻚㻟㻑
ཧ↷䠖ᖹᡂ㻞㻡ᖺᅜẸᗣ䞉ᰤ㣴ㄪᰝ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 132
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸳 㞃ࢀ⫧‶ ィ 8 ྡ/31 ྡ㸦⣙ 25.8㸣㸧ࡀ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ุᐃࡉ ⫧‶ᗘࡀᶆ‽⠊ᅖ㸦18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0kg/㹫2㸧 ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊpost ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ 5 ྡ㸦⣙ 26.3㸣㸧ࠊ ࠶ࡾࠊୟࡘ⫧‶㸦య⬡⫫⋡⏨ᛶ 20㸣௨ୖࠊዪ ዪᛶ 2 ྡ㸦⣙ 16.7㸣㸧ࠊィ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 22.6㸣㸧࡛ ᛶ 30㸣㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ࡣࠊpre ࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶ 4 ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲ 1ࠊ⾲ 2ࠊᅗᅗ 5㸧 ྡ/19 ྡ㸦⣙ 21.1㸣㸧ࠊዪᛶ 4 ྡ/12 ྡ㸦⣙ 33.3㸣㸧ࠊ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸴 㦵᱁➽㔞 ࡽࢀࡓࡀ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽ ࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶࡣ pre ࡢ㦵᱁➽㔞ࡣ 25.3s5.7kg ࡛࠶ࡾࠊpost pre ್ 19.9s2.9kg ࡛ࠊpost ್ 20.5s2.3kg ್ࡢ 25.6s5.4kg ࡢ㛫᭷ព࡞ቑຍ㸦P㸺0.05㸧 ࡢ㛫᭷ព࡞ቑຍ(P<0.05)ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊ ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ⏨ዪู࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ pre ್ 28.6s ᅗ 6㸧ࠋ 4.1kgࠊpost ್ 28.8s3.9kg ࡛ࠊቑຍഴྥࡀࡳ
ဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 133ܖܖ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜ
㸱㸬㸯㸬㸵 BMC pre ್ 2.87s0.41kgࠊpostt ್ 2.88s0.41kg ࡛ BMC ࡣࠊpre ್ 2.63s0.48kgࠊpost ್ 2.65 ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶࡣ pre ್ 2.25s0.27kgࠊ s0.47kg ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ post ್ 2.30s0.21kg ࡛ቑຍഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀ ࡸࡸቑຍഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ⏨ዪูࡳࡿ⏨ᛶ ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡓ㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 7㸧ࠋ
㸱㸬㸰 㐠ື⩦័ 㸲 ⪃ᐹᐹ 㐠ື⩦័ࡣᖹᆒ 1.0s2.0 ᅇ/㐌࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐠ື⩦ ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ㌟㛗ᖹᆒᆒ್㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 1㸧ࡣ ័ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ 7 ྡ㸦⣙ 22.6㸣㸧ࠊࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖ ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ post ್࠾࠸࡚ࢃࡎ㧗ࡗࡓࠋ㌟ ࡢࡳࡢᏛ⏕ࡣ 24 ྡ㸦⣙ 77.4㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ 㛗ࡀ 0.5~1.0cm ఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡓ 5 ྡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᡂ ࠾ࠊ㐠ື⩦័ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ㸯ᅇ 30 ศ௨ୖࡢ㐠ື 㛗ࡼࡿࡶࡢ ᐃㄗᕪ࡞ࡢᅇࡢ ᐃ࡛ࡣ ࢆ㐌 3 ᅇ௨ୖ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࡚⏨ᛶ㸦ᖹᆒ 1.63 ุᐃ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ s2.34 ᅇ/㐌㸧࡛ዪᛶ㐠ື⩦័ࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ࠸࡞ య㔜ᖹᆒ್㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 2㸧࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ⩌ኚ ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㡯┠ ࡣࡳࡽࢀࡎࠊዪᛶ⩌࡛ࡣ᭷᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡀῶᑡഴ ࡘ࠸࡚㐠ື⩦័ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ ྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊpre ࠾ࡼࡧ post 㛫ࡢయ⬡ Pearson ಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡀࠊᅇࡢㄪᰝ ⫫⋡㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 3㸧ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ᭷ពῶᑡ ࠾࠸࡚┦㛵㛵ಀࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦P<0.01㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ⏨ᛶࡀࡸࡸ
ῶᑡഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡀ᭷ពពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎࠊዪ 㸱㸬㸱 ฟ ᖍᅇᩘ ᛶ࠾࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࡞ῶᑡ㸦P㸺0.001㸧ࡀㄆࡵࡽ ⿕᳨⪅ࡢࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࠖᖹᆒฟᖍᅇᩘࡣ 13..4 ࢀࡓࡇࡽࠊዪᛶ⩌ࡢῶῶᑡࡀࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋࡓ s1.9 ᅇ࡛ࠊ⏨ ዪ ู ࡛ ࡣ⏨ᛶ 13.3s1.7 ᅇࠊዪᛶ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 13.4s2.0 ᅇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋ ㌟㛗య㔜ࡢྜࢆ⾲ࡍࡍ BMI㸦⾲ 1ࠊᅗ 4㸧 ࡞࠾ࠊᅇࡢㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⩌㛫࠾࠸࡚ࡶ pre ࠾ࡼࡧ post ࡓ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊPearson ಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚ฟᖍ 㛫ኚࡣࡳࡽࢀࡎࡰྠྠ➼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᅗ 8ࠊ ᅇᩘࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆㄪࡓࡀࠊ᫂࡞┦㛵㛵ಀ ᅗ 9 ࡣࠊᮏᏛᏛ⏕(5)ᖹᡂ 225 ᖺᗘᅜẸᗣ࣭ᰤ ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 134
㣴ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ㸦ཌ⏕ປാ┬㸪2014㸹㹮4㸫5㸧ࡢẚ ࡀከ࠸ࠋዪᛶ⩌ࡢయ⬡⫫⋡⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇ ㍑࡛࠶ࡿ㸦⾲ 3ࠊᅗ 8ࠊᅗ 9㸧ࠋᅜᖹᆒ್ࡢ ᢏࠖ௨እࡢ᪥ᖖ㐠ື⩦័ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊ⫧‶ ẚ㍑࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶࡣ⑭ࡏᆺ࡛ྠ➼ࠊᶆ‽್ࡣ ࡼࡿ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᅜᖹᆒࡼࡾ㧗ࡃࠊ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡢᏛ⏕ࡀᑡ ⫧‶⪅ᩘࡶᅜᖹᆒ್ࡼࡾከ࠸ࡇࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࠊ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㐠ື⩦័ࡽ᥎ᐹࡍࡿࠊᮏᏛ࠾ ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⑭ࡏᆺࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ pre ࡛ ࠸࡚ࡣࢫ࣮ࣜࢺከ࠸➽⫗㔞㐣ከࡼࡿ࣮࢜ ᅜᖹᆒࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊpost ࡛ࡣᅜᖹᆒࡼ ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡢᏛ⏕ࡣᑡ࡞࠸Ⅽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ ࡾᑡ࡞࠸ࠋዪᛶ⩌ࡢᶆ‽⠊ᅖᩘࡀ pre ࡼࡾ post ᯝ࡞ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᛶ⩌ࡣᅜᖹᆒ ࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊࠊ⑭ࡏᆺࡽᶆ‽⠊ᅖ ࡼࡾᶆ‽⠊ᅖࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡢᏛ⏕ ⛣⾜ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㞃ࢀ⫧‶⪅ࡣࠊpre࣭post 㛫࠾࠸࡚Ṥࡢ ࡣ㸯ྡቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ BMI ุᐃᇶ‽ ⪅ࡀయ⬡⫫⋡ࡢῶᑡ㸦ᅗ 10㸧ࢆࡳࡓࠋ⏨ᛶ⩌࡛ ࡢቃ⏺ᇦ࠸ࡓᏛ⏕㸯ྡࡀࡀࠊpre ࡛⫧‶ࡽࢃ
ဃ↝៲˳ኵ↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 135ܖܖ᭗ଔᒁ≝ஜ
ࡎ BMI ࡀῶࡾࠊpost ࡛㞃ࢀ⫧‶⛣⾜ࡋ ⏺ᇦ㏆࠸್ࡲ࡛ᨵၿࡀࡳࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡓ⤖ᯝᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋዪᛶ⩌ࡣయ⬡⫫⋡ࡢ᭷ព࡞ 㦵᱁➽㔞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨⏨ᛶࡣࡸࡸቑຍഴྥࡀ ῶᑡࡀࡳࡽࡽࢀࠊ2 ྡࡀ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ࡽ⬺༷ࡋࡓࠋ ࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀ᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞ࡃዪᛶࡢࡳ᭷ពቑຍࡋ ࡲࡓࠊpost ࡛㞃ࢀ⫧‶ุᐃࡢ 2 ྡࡘ࠸࡚ࡶቃ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ዪᛶ⩌ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊయ㔜ࡸ BMI ࡞እぢኚ ὀ࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊయ⬡⫫⋡ࡸ㦵᱁➽㔞࡞ ࡢ㌟య⤌ᡂ᭷ព࡞ኚࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㸦1㸧బࠎᮌ 㐨Ꮚ㸸2000㸪ࠕ⨾ᐜಖᏛᑓᨷᏛ⏕ࡢ యᡂศศᯒ̿In Body ࢆ⏝࠸࡚̿ࠖ㸪ࠗᒣ㔝◊✲ ⣖せ࠘vol.8㹮95㸫1000 㸳 ⤖ㄽ 㸦2㸧᪂ᇼ ከ㈡Ꮚ㸸2013㸪ࠕዪᏊ⏕ࡢࠕ㞃ࢀ⫧‶ࠖ ࡢᐇែㄪᰝࡑࡢ⫼ᬒᅉᅉᏊࡢศᯒࠖ㸪ࠗே㛫⏕ά ᩥ◊✲࠘No.23㹮147㸫150 ᮏㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ዪᛶ⩌ࡢࡳయ⬡⫫⋡ࡢ᭷ព 㸦3㸧ᐑᮧ ⱱ⣖㸸2002㸪ࠕᮏᏛṇㄢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᐇᢏࡀ Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㌟యෆ㒊᪥ࡢຠຠᯝᨵၿཬࡰࡍຠᯝ ࡞ῶᑡ㦵᱁➽㔞ࡢ᭷ព࡞ቑຍࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ 㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸦9㸧㸫య㔜༊ศูࡼࡿ㌟య≉ᛶࡢ ࡽࠊ㐠ື⩦័ࡀ࡞ࡃึᮇỈ‽ࡢప࠸ⱝ⪅ࢆ ᳨ウࡽ㸫ࠖ㸪ࠗᩍ⫱ㅖᏛ◊✲࠘➨ 16 ᕳ㹮55 㸫65 ᑐ㇟ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ㐌 ᅇ ศࡢㅮ⩏ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ 1 90 㸦4㸧≟అ ▱Ꮚ㸸2010㸪ࠕዪᏊ⏕ࡢ㋖㦵㦵㔞ᙳ ࢶᐇᢏࠖࡣࠊ㌟య⤌ᡂࡢᨵၿᙺ❧ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ 㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉࠖ㸪ࠗᚨᓥᩥ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⣖せ࠘➨ 79 ྕ 㹮11㸫23 ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋణࡋࠊᅇࡢㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ᰤ㣴࠾ 㸦5㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬㸸2014㸪ࠕᖹᡂ 25 ᖺᗘᅜẸᗣ࣭ᰤ ࡼࡧᚰ⌮ⓗഃ㠃ࢆㄪᰝࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅽࠊ᭦࡞ࡿ᳨ 㣴ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢᴫせࠖ㸪㹮1㸫31
ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ 137ܖဃ෨≝܇ڭݢஜ
ԓ∝૰إ ‒≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ ဃ෨ܖ፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ 1 ܇ڭ ‒ݢஜ
äääääääääääääääääääää‒⇓⇓∞∕∞⇯‒ ääääääääääääääääääää ഏɭˊᏋॖᜤ‒ ʐ࠷δችᅕ̬ͤ‒ ⁀‵″⁅⁆ ⇽∓⇖∏∆‒ ɶ᭗࠰ᎍ‒ ဃ෨ܖ፼‒
㸯㸬ၥ㢟┠ⓗ ᗘࡢࡦࡘ NCATS㸦Nursing Child As- sessment Teaching Scale㸧㸦Sumner & Spitetz, 㸯㸬㸯 Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭ࠾ࡅࡿḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸ 2004; ᘅ℩, 2006㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋNCATS ࡣ㸪 ࣈ࡞ᨭࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ 㐟ࡧࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮚࡶᩍ࠼ࡿሙ㠃࠾ࡅࡿぶᏊ Ꮚࡶࡑࡢ㣴⫱⪅㸦ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ぶᏊ⾲⌧ ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᰝᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑻᗘࡋ࡚ࡢ ࡍࡿ㸧ࡢᚰ㌟ࡢᗣࢆᏲࡾ⫱ࡴࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍ ಙ㢗ᛶ㸪ཬࡧጇᙜᛶࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Sumner ࡿ⮫ᗋάືஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ㸦Infant Mental & Spitetz, 2004; ᘅ℩, 2006; ᘅ ℩࣭ᑎ ᮏ , 2010; Health: IMH 㸧㸦 Zeanah & Zeanah, 2009; Teramoto, Hirose & Bakeman, 2010㸧ࠋࡇࡢᑻ Weatherston, 2002㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋIMH ࡛ࡣ㸪᪩ᮇ ᗘࢆࡣࡌࡵぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎᨭࢆ┠ⓗ ࡢぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀὀ㸯㸧㸪Ꮚࡶࡢே⏕ࡢ ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ NCAST㸦Nursing Child ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࠾ࡅࡿ㣴⫱⪅ࡢᏳ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ㛵 Assessment Satellite Training㸧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ ಀᛶࡢᵓ⠏ࡀࡑࡢぶᏊࡢᚰ㌟ࡢ࡞Ⓨ㐩ࡢᇶ ࠶ࡿࠋNCATS ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡢ㛤Ⓨᬑཬ㸪ཬࡧ ┙ࡋ࡚ᐤࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋぶᏊࡢ㛵 ࡑࡢ⌮ᛕᇶ࡙ࡃ⮫ᗋάືࡸ◊✲άືࡣ㸪ぶᏊ ಀᛶࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶ㸪㣴⫱⪅㸪⎔ቃ࠸ࡗࡓ」ྜ ࢆᨭࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞㡿ᇦࡢᑓ㛛⫋⪅㸦⢭⚄⛉་ᖌ㸪 ⓗせᅉࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡀ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢṍࡳࡽ⏕ࡌࡿ ᑠඣṑ⛉་ᖌ㸪⮫ᗋᚰ⌮ኈ㸪┳ㆤᖌ㸪ಖᖌ㸪 ᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟㸦㣴⫱⪅ࡢ⫱ඣᅔ㞴㸪⫱ඣᏳ㸪 ຓ⏘ᖌ㸪ಖ⫱ኈ㸪♫⚟♴ኈ㸪≉ูᨭᏛᰯᩍ ᚅ➼㸧ᑐࡍࡿண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡸᚋⓗࣉ ㅍ㸪┳ㆤ⣔Ꮫᩍဨ㸪Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅➼㸧 ࣮ࣟࢳࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ヨࡳࡀᅜෆእ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ ࢆ୰ᚰ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ᘅ℩, 2006; ᘅ℩࣭ᑎᮏ, ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Banerjee & Tamis-Lemonda, 2007; 2010; ᑎᮏ, 2012㸧ࠋ Hirose et al., 2007; Jung, Short, Letourneau, ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⌧ᐇၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾ & Andrews, 2007; ᑎᮏ, 2006㸧ࠋ ᨭ࠼ࡿᙺࢆᑓ㛛⫋⪅ࡢࡳࡀᢸ࠺ࡣ㸪ࢥࢫࢺ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳࡢせ࡞ࡿࡢࡀ㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀ 㠃࡛ࡶ࣐ࣥࣃ࣮࣡ࡢ㠃࡛ࡶ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋぶᏊࡢ ᛶࢆ࠸⌮ゎࡋ㸪ᐈほⓗᰝᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ᪥ࠎࡢ⏕άᐦ╔ࡋ㸪⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿ ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ⓗᗈࡃᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᰝᐃᑻ ࡣ㸪ᑓ㛛⫋⪅௨እࡢᆅᇦ㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ㸧ࡢே
‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ ‣‣ உ ‣ ଐӖྸ‒ ⓗ㈨※ࢆ᥀ࡾ㉳ࡇࡋ㸪ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᭷ຠ⪃ Psychoeducational program for promoting attitude toward nur- turing the next generation in lifelong learning course. ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ෆ㛶ᗓ, 2011; ⲡ㔝࣭ෆ⏣࣭⁁㑔࣭ྜྷ “‣ ⁆⁓⁗⁝‒⁆⁗⁓ ‒ ὠ, 2012㸧ࠋᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸୍⯡ࡢᕷẸ㸦ᆅᇦఫ ‒ᢿܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᨥ ‒ ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 138
Ẹ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡀ⤊ࡋࡓୡ௦㸪ࡇࢀࡽぶ࡞ࡿ United Nations Educational, Scientific and ୡ௦➼㸧ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࡢᏛ Cultural Organization: U.N.E.S.C.O. 㸧ࡸ ࡧࡢሙࢆᥦ౪ࡋ㸪ぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿయไࡢ〈 OECD㸦⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸪Organization for 㔝ࢆᗈࡆ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚┤᥋ⓗࡣ㛵ಀࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪 Economic Co-operation and Development㸧ࡀ ♫࡛ᗈࡃぶᏊࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ḟୡ௦⫱ ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢࡓࡵ 1960 ᖺ௦ᥦၐࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛ ᡂព㆑ࢆࡶࡗࡓᨭయไ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ḟୡ௦ࢆ ࠶ࡾ㸪ᅜࡀᅜẸᑐࡋ࡚⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍ ⫱ࡴࡇᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗែᗘࡸ㛵ᚰࢆάᛶࡉ ࡿࡇࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿไᗘࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇࡢᥦ࡛ ࡏ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤᛶࡸព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡓ㸦ḟୡ௦ࢭ ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦℩, 2010㸧ࠋࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ ࣥࢩࢸࣈ࡞㸧ᨭࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦ேⓗὶ ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢே᱁ࢆ☻ࡁ㸪㇏࡞ே⏕ࢆ㏦ ࡢពࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸪ཬࡧᨭάືࢆ⤖ࡧ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠖ㸪⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࢆ࠾ ࡅࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࠶ࡿ㸦⏣୰, 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡀ ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢሙࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙࡀྛ ⤊ࡋࡓ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୍ẁⴠࡋࡓ୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࡢ ᆅ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ヨࡳࡿၨⵚⓗᏛࡧ ၨⵚάື㸦ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱㸧↔Ⅼࡍࡿὀ㸰㸧ࠋࡇࡢୡ ࡢሙࡋ࡚┦ᛂࡋ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ௦ࡣ㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ௦ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ♫ⓗ⫼ᬒࡢ ୰࡛⮬㌟ࡢᏊ⫱࡚ࢆయ㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚㸪⏕ 㸯㸬㸱 ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ ά㸪⮬㌟ࡢே⏕タィ➼࠾࠸࡚㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪➹⪅ࡢᡤᒓᏛ࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙࡢ ௦ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほࢆ᭷ࡍࡿୡ௦⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ሙࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ㸪୰㧗ᖺ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ ࢆぢᏲࡾᨭ࠼ࡿどⅬࡸ㸪⌧ᙺᏊ⫱࡚ୡ௦ࡢ 㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳ ὶࡢ࠶ࡾࡓࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᏛࡧࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ ࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸࣈ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ Ꮚ⫱࡚య㦂ࡢࡩࡾ࠼ࡾ➼ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔᚰ⌮ᩍ ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏㈨ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑ ⫱ࡀ㸪ඛ㏙ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸࣈᨭࢿࢵ ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢࡩࡾ࠼ࡾࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ၥ㢟Ⅼࡸㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊ ࡽࡋ㸪ᚋࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ♧၀ࢆ ✲࠾ࡅࡿヨࡳࡣ㸪⫱ඣᏳ࣭ᅔ㞴ࡸᚅࡢண ᚓࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 㜵࠸ࡗࡓ⌧௦♫ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡢ୍ ຓᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ♫ⓗព⩏ࡣࡁ࠸࠸࠼ 㸰㸬ḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ ࡿࠋ ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ሗ࿌ 㸰㸬㸯ᐇᮇ㛫 㸯㸬㸰 Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿබ㛤ㅮᗙ ᖹᡂ23 ᖺࡽ 26 ᖺࡅ࡚ᖺ㸯ᅇ㸪ྜィ 4 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ᅇヨࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦ྛᅇ 2 ࢥ࣐ 3 㛫ࡢᐇ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡞Ꮫࡧ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑓ ࡓ㸧ࠋྛᅇࡢࢱࢺࣝࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᅇ➨ 2 ᅇࡣࠕே 㛛ⓗෆᐜࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓၨⵚⓗᏛࡧࡢሙࡣࡢࡼ 㛫ࡢࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡢⓎ㐩㸸ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖධ㛛ࠖ㸪 ࠺☜ಖࡉࢀᚓࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡦࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ ➨ 3 ᅇࡣࠕே㛫ࡢࡇࡇࢁࡢⓎ㐩ୡ௦㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗ ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫࡢබ㛤ㅮᗙࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᏛࡢ ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ㸪➨ 4 ᅇࡣࠕே㛫ࡢࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡢ බ㛤ㅮᗙࡣ㸪Ꮫࡢᆅᇦ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚㸪ᆅᇦఫẸ Ⓨ㐩㸸ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋㅮᖌ ⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡿᏛࡧ࡛࠶ࡿ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢሙࢆᥦ౪ ࡣᮏ✏ⴭ⪅ࡀᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦℩, 2009, 2010㸧ࠋ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦
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፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ 139ܖဃ෨≝܇ڭݢஜ
㸰㸬㸰 ཧຍ⪅ ࡢ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ ᅇࡢᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡣ㸪⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸰ෆᐜղ㸸ஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖ㸦Infant Mental ᑡேᩘ࡛ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭࣮࣡ࢡࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ Health: IMH㸧 ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ເ㞟ேᩘࡣྛᅇ⣙ 10 ྡ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢཧ Ꮚࡶᐙ᪘࣭㣴⫱⪅ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ ຍேᩘࡶࡑࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡢ 29 ྡࡢཧຍ Ᏺࡾ⫱ࡴࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿᐇ㊶άື࡛࠶ࡿஙᗂ ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸦⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 22 ྡ㸧㸪୰㧗ᖺୡ௦ࡢ ඣ⢭⚄ಖࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡋࡓࠋIMH ࡛ࡣ㸪㛵ಀ ᪉ࠎࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࡸ⫋ᴗࡋ ᛶࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚Ꮚࡶᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ㌟ࡢᗣࢆᏲ ࡚Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸧 ࡾ⫱ࡴࡓࡵࡢලయⓗάືࡋ࡚㸪⫱ඣᚲせ࡞ ᪉㸪Ꮮ⫱࡚ࡢ᭱୰ࡢ᪉㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ‽ഛࢆࡋࡓ࠸ ≀㈨ࡢᥦ౪➼ࡢලయⓗຓ㸪ẕぶࡢᛮ࠸ࡢඹ ᪉㸪Ⓩᰯ࣭ᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾ࣭ࢽ࣮ࢺ➼ࡢ┦ㄯᛂ ឤ࣭ཷᐜ➼ࡢ⥴ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪ᏊࡶࡢⓎ㐩 ࡌࡿ࢟ࣕࣜᨭᚑࡍࡿ᪉㸪⮬ศࡢᏊࡶ 㛵ࡍࡿ┦ㄯ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉࠸ࡗࡓぶᏊ ୡ௦ࡢ㛵ಀᛶᝎࡳࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛㸪 ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺᨭ㸪ࢻ࣎࢝ࢩ࣮ ♫ⓗάືࡸ⚾⏕ά࠾࠸࡚㸪ᚰࡢⓎ㐩ࡸぶᏊ 㸦ᶒࡢ᧦ㆤ㸧㸪ぶᏊᚰ⌮⒪ἲࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ 㛵ಀ㸪ཬࡧḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ⯆࣭㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ᪉ࠎ 㸦Weatherstone, 2002㸧㸪ලయⓗ࡞ᨭࡢᵝ┦ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛእ࡛ࡢ◊✲άືࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢࢸ࣮ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡋࡓࠋ ࣐⯆ࢆࡶࡗࡓ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢཧຍࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸱ෆ ᐜ ճ㸸Promoting First Relationships Program 㸰㸬㸱 ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜ Ꮚࡶᐙ᪘ࡢᏳ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢ㛵ಀ 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸯ෆᐜձ㸸ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩㛵 ᛶ㸦first relationships㸧ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᨭ ࡍࡿせᅉ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ Promoting First Relation- ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗᴫᛕࡋ ships Program㸦Kelly, Zuckerman, Sandoval, ࡚㸪ឤ㸦affect㸧㸪ື㸦emotion㸧㸪⮬ᕫ㸦self㸧 & Buehlman, 2008㸧ࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ ࢆ⤂ࡋ㸪ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࢆᚰ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㛵㐃ࡉࡏ ࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛⤂ࡋࡓ NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὀ㸱㸧ࡢ ࡚㸪▱ぬ㸦perception㸧㸪ᛮ ⪃㸦 thought㸧㸪ゝ ㄒ ࣭ ࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡣ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦language/communication㸧 㣴⫱⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡲࢀ⫱ࡲࢀࡿᏑᅾ ࢆࢺࣆࢵࢡࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ⪅ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࡞ึᮇࡢぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀ ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ඹྠὀព㸦joint attention㸧㸪 ᛶࡣ㸪ᏊࡶࡢᚋࡢⓎ㐩ࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡿࡇ㸪ࡑ ࢺࣦ࣮ࣞࢭࣥ㸦Trevarthen㸧ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ㛫 ࡋ࡚㸪⫯ᐃⓗ⮬ᕫほ㸪Ᏻᚰឤ㸪ᒃሙᡤឤࡀ⫱ࡲ ほᛶ㸦intersubjectivity㸧㸪࢚ࣜࢡࢯࣥ㸦Erikson㸧 ࢀࡿᅵተ࡞ࡿࡇࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡚ࡢᏊ ࡢᇶᮏⓗಙ㢗㸦basic trust 㸧㸪࣎࢘ࣝࣅ ࡶࡗ࡚࡞㛵ಀᛶࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮚ 㸦Bowlby㸧ࡢឡ╔㸦attachment㸧ࢆ⤂ࡋࡓࠋ ࡶࡸࡑࡢᐙ᪘≉ู࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪 ࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ⤂ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ ᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡿ≉ู࡞ᨭࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ ࡢⓎ㐩࠾ࡅࡿ㸪㣴⫱⪅➼ࡢ࿘ᅖࡢ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ 㛵ಀᛶࢆᏲࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᛶࡢ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡋࡓࠋ ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢせ⣲ࡋ࡚㸪ಶูᛶ ࡲࡓ㸪ே㛫ࡢࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖ࠸࠺ᚰⓗᶵ⬟⬻ 㸦uniqueness㸸ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᣢࡕ㸪ಶேᕪ㸧㸪 ᶵ⬟ࡢ㛵㐃ࡸ㸪ே㛫ࡢ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩㐣⛬⬻ࡢึᮇ ᛂ⟅ᛶ㸦responsiveness㸸ឤཷᛶ㇏࡞ࡸࡾ Ⓨ㐩ࡢ㛵㐃㸪ࠕࡇࡇࢁࠖࡢⓎ㐩࠾ࡼࡧ⬻ᶵ⬟ࡢ ࡾ㸧㸪ඹ ឤ㸦 empathy㸸࠾࠸ࡢẼᣢࡕࡸ⾜ືࡢ Ⓨ㐩ࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡿ⪅ࡢ᪩ᮇࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡘ࠸ ⌮ゎ㸧㸪❧࡚┤ࡋ㸦repair㸸ᏊࡶࡢẼᣢࡕᩄ ࡚ゎㄝࡋ㸪⫾ඣᮇࡽஙᗂඣᮇ࠸࠺Ⓨ㐩᪩ᮇ ឤᛂࡌ࡚㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜ືࢆㄪᩚࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 140
ࢆⴠࡕ╔ࡏࡿ㸧㸪┦ᛶ㸦mutuality㸸࠾࠸ 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸳 ෆᐜյ㸸ୡ௦㛫ὶぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ಙ㢗ࡋ㸪ᴦࡋࡴ㸧ࡢ 5 ࡘࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ ୡ௦㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢚ࣜࢡࢯࣥ ࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ 㸦Erikson㸧ࡢ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮࣭♫ⓗ ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ ༴ᶵࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࡓ㸦Erikson & Erikson, 㸰㸬㸱㸬㸲 ෆᐜմ㸸BabyCues Program 1997㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ᐙ᪘ᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᏊ ྠࡌࡃ㸪NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ⫱࡚ᨭࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡣ␗࡞ࡿୡ௦㸪 Ꮚࡶࡢ᭱ึࡢࡇࡤ࡛࠶ࡿࢧࣥ㸦cues㸧㸦Ꮚ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮚࡶୡ௦㸪ぶୡ௦㸪♽∗ẕୡ௦ࡀ ࡶࡢど⥺㸪㢦ࡢ⾲㸪㌟యࡢືࡁ㸪Ⓨኌ࣭Ⓨ 㛵ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⓎ㐩ㄢ㢟ࡀྠⓎ⏕ࡍࡿᵝ ヰ➼㸧ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁࡍᨭࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ Ꮚࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑡᏊ㧗㱋㸪 BabyCues Program㸦NCAST programs, 2003㸧 ᰾ᐙ᪘㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ㸦ᆅᇦ♫㸧ࡢᔂቯ㸪 ࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ஙඣ ᆅᇦఫẸࡢᏙ❧㸪ୡ௦㛫ࡢศ᩿࠸ࡗࡓ♫⫼ ࡣゝㄒࢆ࠸ጞࡵࡿ௨๓ࡽ㸪㢦ࡢ⾲ࡸ㌟య ᬒ࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ୡ௦㛫ὶࡢᚲせᛶࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ ࡢືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࢧࣥࡼࡗ࡚ឤࡸせᮃ㸦ࢽ࣮ ࡓ㸦ⲡ㔝࣭㔠⏣࣭㛫㔝࣭ᰠ, 2009; ⲡ㔝࣭ෆ⏣࣭ ࢬ㸧ࢆఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ஙᗂඣࡢࢧࣥ ⁁㑔࣭ྜྷὠ, 2012㸧ࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪ୡ௦㛫ὶࡢ ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࡸせᮃ㸦࠼ࡤ㸪 ࡋ࡚㸪♽∗ẕୡ௦㸪ぶୡ௦㸪Ꮚ࣭Ꮮୡ௦࠸࠺ ࡞ࡔࡵ࡚ࡋ࠸㸪㐟ࢇ࡛ḧࡋ࠸㸧ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ୕ୡ௦㛫ࡢὶ㸪ᆅᇦࡢᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ㸦ࣇ࣑ࣜ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋᏊࡶࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡣࢧࣥ ࣮ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ᗈሙ㸪ಖ⫱ᅬ࡛ ࡽᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢࢧ ࡢୡ௦㛫ὶ㸪⤮ᮏࡢㄞࡳ⪺ࡏ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ ࣥࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࡇࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢឤཷᛶ㇏ ➼㸧㸪ୡ௦㛫࣓ࣥࢱࣜࣥࢢ㸦Ⓩᰯ㸪ࢽ࣮ࢺ㸪≢ ࡞ᑐᛂࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㔜せࡉࢀࡿࠋࢧࣥ ⨥➼㛵ࡍࡿ㧗㱋ᕷẸࡼࡿ㟷ᑡᖺࡢⓎ㐩ᨭ㸧 ࡣ㸪ゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㠀ゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋୡ௦㛫ὶࡸぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࠾ ぶࡢࢧࣥ㸦engagement cues㸧᎘ᝏࡢࢧ ࡅࡿⴱ⸨ࡸၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡓ㸦Ặ ࣥ㸦disengagement cues㸧ูࡉࢀࡿࠋぶ ᐙ࣭㧗℈, 2011㸧ࠋ ࡣ✚ᴟⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥཧຍࡋࡓ ࠸㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣཧຍࡍࡿ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆ 㸰㸬㸲 ྛᅇࡢෆᐜ ᣦࡋ㸪᎘ᝏࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥཧຍࡍࡿ ྛᅇ࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪ୖグࡢෆᐜ ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࡞࠸㸪ఇ᠁ࡋࡓ࠸㸪୰Ṇࡋࡓ࠸ ձࡽյࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪➨㸯ᅇࡀձ㸪ղ㸪ճ㸪մ㸪➨ ࠸࠺㠀✚ᴟⓗ࡞≧ែࢆᣦࡍࠋ୧⪅ࡣ㸪᭦ᙉ࠸ 㸰ᅇࡀձ㸪ղ㸪յ㸪➨㸱ᅇࡀձյ㸪➨㸲ᅇࡀ ࢧࣥᙅ࠸ࢧࣥศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋᙉ࠸ぶࡢ ձ㸪ճ㸪յ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋẖᅇ㸪ෆᐜࢆධࢀ᭰࠼࡚ ࢧࣥ㸦㸸ᚤ➗ࡴ㸪ぢࡘࡵྜ࠺㸪㣴⫱⪅ᡭ ࡚ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡀ⥙⨶ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋㅮ⩏ ࢆఙࡤࡍ➼㸧ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡣゐࢀࡿ㸪ゝⴥ ຍ࠼࡚㸪ㅮᖌཷㅮ⪅㸪ཬࡧཷㅮ⪅㛫ࡢ᪉ྥ ࢆࡅࡿ㸪࣭ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࢆࡿ➼ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗ ࡢ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧ㸦ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸧ࢆ ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋᙉ࠸᎘ᝏࡢࢧ ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ㅮ⩏㛤ጞࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࢽࣥ ࣥ㸦㸸Ἵࡃ㸪⫼୰ࢆࡑࡽࡏࡿ㸪ᢲࡋࡸࡿ㸧 ࢢ࣭ࢡ࢚ࢫࢳࣙࣥࡋ࡚㸪ࠕࠗࡇࡇࢁ࠘ࡣఱ࡛ ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡀⴠࡕࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺ຓࡅ㸪㐺 ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࢆᢞࡆࡅࡓࡾ㸪ୡ௦ ษຓࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋࢧࣥࡸࡑࡢ⫼ 㛫ὶ㛵ࡍࡿㅮ⩏ࡢᚋ࡛㸪ࠕୡ௦㛫ὶࡘ࠸ ᚋ࠶ࡿࢽ࣮ࢬࡢ⌮ゎ㸪ཬࡧ㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂࡼࡗ ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡲࡍ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡅࢆ ࡚㸪Ⰻዲ࡞ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭ࢹࢫ࢝ ㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋ ࢵࢩࣙࣥᙧᘧ࡛㸪ࠕぶᏊࡢⰋዲ࡛࡞㛵ಀᛶࠖ
፼↚ⅹↀ↺ഏɭˊᏋ↚᧙ↈ↺࣎ྸᏋ↝ᚾ↮ 141ܖဃ෨≝܇ڭݢஜ
ࡸࠕぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᨭࠖࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ グ ᣢࡗࡓࠋཷㅮ⪅㛫ࡢάⓎ࡞ពぢࡀぢཷࡅࡽ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ -636 ⛉◊㈝ ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ ࢀࡓࠋ 㸱 ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ ὀ 㸧 ぶᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⓎ㐩࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ᪥ࠎࡢ♫ⓗάືࡋ࡚Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭࡸ㟷ᑡᖺ Bornstein & Tamis-Lemonda㸦2010㸧ࡣぶᏊ┦ స⏝ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ㸲ࡘᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪⮬ᕫ⌮ゎ㸪 ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜᨭࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉㸪⚾⏕ά࡛Ꮮୡ ⪅⌮ゎ㸪⮬ᕫ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⌮ゎ➼ࡢ♫ⓗ ௦ࡸᏊࡶୡ௦ࡢὶㄢ㢟ࢆᣢࡘ᪉ࡀཧຍ ㄆ▱㛵㐃ࡍࡿ♫ⓗ⌮ゎࡢಁ㐍㸦promotion of social understanding㸧㸪ḟ㸪ᚋࡢᑐேㄆ▱ࡸᑐ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿḟ ே㛵ಀࡢᅾࡾ᪉ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿぶᏊࡢⓗ⤎࡛࠶ࡿឡ ╔ࡢⓎ㐩㸦 㸧㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪 ୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢ development of attachment ゝㄒࡢ⋓ᚓ㸦acquisition of language㸧㸪᭱ᚋ㸪 ヨࡳࡣኚ㐍⾜ࡋࡓࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡽࡣ㸪⮬ Ꮚࡶࡢືࢆ㇏ࡍࡿഃ㠃ࡑࢀࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ ഃ㠃ࡽᡂࡿືㄪᩚࡢᡂ⇍㸦maturity of emo- ศࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᨭάືࡢព⩏ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ tional regulation㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮃࡲࡋ࠸ぶᏊ┦స⏝ ࡓ㸪⮬ศࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀࢆぢࡘࡵ┤ࡍᶵ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡢᛶ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡀᏊࡶ♧ࡍឤཷᛶ ㇏࡞ᛂ⟅ᛶ㸦sensitive-responsiveness㸧ࡀᣦ ➼ࡢឤࡀฟࡉࢀ㸪ᅇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢ₯ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Guralnick㸪2006㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪┦ ᅾⓗࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ⓗ㸪ᜨⓗ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶ㇏࡞㣴⫱⪅ࡢᛂ⟅ ᛶࢆక࠺ぶᏊ┦స⏝ࡀ㸪ㄆ▱࣭ゝㄒ㸪♫ᛶ㸪 ᅇࡢヨࡳࡣ㸪ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ෆᐜձࡽ ឡ╔㸪ື࠸࠺㸪ே㛫ࡢ࡞Ⓨ㐩࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ յ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡶ㸪 ࡞㡿ᇦࡢᇶ┙ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠼ࡤ㸪ᨭࢆࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࡑࢀࢆᅔ㞴 ὀ 㸧 ࡍࡿせᅉ㸦Ꮚࡶୡ௦ࡢ⫱ඣࢆᡭఏ࠸ࡓ࠸ 2 ࡇࢀࡽぶ࡞ࡿୡ௦ᑐࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚㸪 ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪࠺㛵ࢃࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢᝎࡴ➼㸧 㟷ᖺᮇ࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵 ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࢆヨࡳ㸪ᑎᮏ㸦2015㸧㸪ᑎ ᮏ࣭ᘅ ℩㸦2013, ࡘ࠸࡚᥀ࡾୗࡆࡿ➼㸪ᩍ⫱ෆᐜࡢᖜࢆᗈࡆ࡚ 2015㸧࡛ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᭦࡞ࡿᐇࢆᅗࡿᚲせᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ὀ 3㸧 ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏヨࡳࡣఱ➼ࡢࡓࡕ࡛ḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ NCAST ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇࡣ㸪⡿ᅜ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ 㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎࡀ࡞ᑐ㇟⪅࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⫯ᐃ Ꮫタ⤌⧊ࡼࡿᡤᐃࡢࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮㈨᱁ ࢆせࡍࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢ➹⪅ࡣ 2006 ᖺࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ ⓗ࡞ឤࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡇࡽ㸪⤖ᯝࡋ࡚㸪ᨭ ࣮ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⪅ࢆ㛫᥋ⓗᨭࡍࡿࠕᨭ⪅ᨭࠖࡢᙺ ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪୰㧗ᖺ ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡢάᛶࢆ┠ⓗ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢヨࡳࡣ㸪ᴫࡡண㏻ࡾࡢᒎ㛤 Banerjee, P. N., & Tamis-Lemonda, C. S.: 2007, ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ᅇࡣࡑࡢ “Infants’ persistence and mothers’ teaching as predictors of toddlers’ cognitive development”, ຠᯝ ᐃ㸦Ᏻ⏣࣭Ώ㎶, 2008㸧ࡲ࡛ࡣ⮳ࡽࡎ㸪 Infant Behavior and Development, Vol. 30, pp. 479-491. ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ṧࡉࢀࡓࠋ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪ᅇࡢヨ Bornstein, M.H., & Tamis-Lemonda, C.S.: 2010, ࡳࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙ࡓḟୡ௦ࢭࣥࢩࢸࣈ࡞ࢿࢵ “Parent-infant interaction”, Bremner, J.G., & Wachs, T.D. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell hand- ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏㈨ࡍࡿᶍ⣴ࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 book of infant development: Vol.1, Basic re- search (2nd ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, New York, pp. ᚋࡶⓎᒎࡍࡃ㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 458-482. Erikson, E. H., & Erikson, J. M.: 1997, The life cycle completed. Expanded ed., Norton & Company, New York. 㸦ᮧ℩Ꮥ㞝࣭㏆⸨㑥ኵ㸦ヂ㸧: 2001, ࠗࣛࣇࢧࢡࣝࡑࡢ⤖ ቑ⿵∧࠘. ࡳ ࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி㸧. Guralnick, M.J.: 2006, “Family influences on early
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development: Integrating the science of nor- ගᇶᏊ࣭ᅬ㒊┿⨾࣭ⓑᕝᅬᏊ࣭⏣୰ඞᯞ࣭᳃㈗ mative development, risk and disability, and ⚽࣭⃝⏣⨾࣭ᶫᮏ㔜Ꮚ࣭ᑠᯘ⚽Ꮚ: 2006, intervention”, McCartney, K., & Phillips, D. ࠕNCAST ᇶ࡙ࡃ⫱ඣᨭࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢホ (eds.), Blackwell handbook of early childhood ౯㸸ẕぶࡢ⫱ඣࢫࢺࣞࢫᏊࡶࡢⓎ㐩ࡽࡢ᳨ development. , Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. ウࠖ, ࠗᑠඣಖ◊✲࠘, ➨ 65 ᕳ, 439-447 㡫. 44-61. Teramoro, T., Hirose, T., & Bakeman, R.: 2010, “A ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ ┘ヂ ࠗ㣴⫱⪅ ぶ Ꮚࡶ┦స ( ) : 2006, / - study of the validity of the Japanese Nursing ⏝ : ࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢ࣐ࢽࣗࣝ( ᪥ᮏㄒ∧) ࠘ , Child Assessment Teaching Scale (JNCATS) NCAST ◊✲, ᮾி. utilizing sequential analysis: A second analysis Hirose, T., Teramoto, T., Saitoh, S., Takahashi, I., of mother-child teaching interaction”, Journal Hiramatsu, M., Okamitsu, M., Sonobe, M., of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol. 57, pp. Mikuni, K., Omori, T., & Shirakawa, S.: 2007, 209-220. “Preliminary early intervention study using Ặᐙ㐩ኵ࣭㧗℈⿱Ꮚ㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2011, ࠗぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢ⏕ Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale in ᾭⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠘, 㢼㛫᭩ᡣ, ᮾி. Japan”, Pediatrics International, Vol. 49, pp. Weatherston, D.J.: 2002, “Introduction to the in- 950–958. fant mental health program”, Shirilla, J.J., & ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ࣭ᑎᮏጁᏊ㸦┘ಟ㸧: 2010, ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ Weatherston, D.J. (eds.), Case studies in infant NCATS ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸤ࢣ࣮ࢫࣈࢵࢡ࠘, NCAST ◊✲ mental health: Risk, resiliency, and relation- , ᮾி. ships. ZERO TO THREE, Washington DC (ᘅ℩ Jung, V., Short, R., Letourneau, N., & Andrews, D.: ࡓ࠸Ꮚ (┘ヂ) : 2007, ࠗஙᗂඣ⢭⚄ಖࢣ࣮ࢫࣈ 2007, “Interventions with depressed mothers ࢵࢡ㸸ࣇࣛࣂ࣮ࢢࡢ⫱ඣᨭ⒪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠘, and their infants: modifying interactive be- 㔠๛ฟ∧, ᮾி). haviours”, Journal of affective disorders, Vol. Ᏻ⏣⠇அ࣭Ώ㎶┤Ⓩ: 2008, ࠗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛホ౯ࡢ᪉ἲ࠘, 98, pp. 199-205. ᪂᭙♫, ᮾி. Kelly, J.F., Zuckerman, T.G., Sandoval, D., & Zeanah, C.H.,Jr., & Zeanah, P.D. : 2009, “The scope Buehlman, K.: 2008, Promoting first relation- of Infant Mental Health”, Zeanah, C.H.,Jr. (ed.), ships (2nd ed.), NCAST Publications, Seattle. Handbook of Infant Mental Health (3rd ed.), ⲡ㔝⠜Ꮚ࣭㔠⏣Ꮚ࣭㛫㔝ⓒᏊ࣭ᰠᖾ㞝㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2009, Guilford Press, New York, pp. 5-21. ࠗୡ௦㛫ὶຠᯝ: ே㛫Ⓨ㐩ඹ⏕♫࡙ࡃࡾ
ࡢどⅬࡽ࠘, ୕Ꮫฟ∧, ㈡. ⲡ㔝⠜Ꮚ࣭ෆ⏣ຬே࣭⁁㑔ᡂ࣭ྜྷὠᬗᏊ㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2012, ࠗከᵝ♫ࢆࡘࡴࡄୡ௦㛫ὶ: ḟୡ௦ࡢ ࠗ࠸ࡢࡕ࠘ࡢ㐃㙐ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ࠘, ୕Ꮫฟ∧, ㈡. ෆ㛶ᗓ: 2011, ࠗᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ∧㧗㱋♫ⓑ᭩࠘. NCAST programs: 2003, BabyCues: A child’s first language. www.ncast.org. ℩ඞᙲ: 2009, ࠗ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᆅᇦάື࠘, Ꮫ ᩥ♫, ᮾி. ℩ඞᙲ: 2010, ࠗ➨ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡢᏛබ㛤ㅮᗙ࠘, Ꮫ ᩥ♫, ᮾி. Sumner, G., & Spitetz, A.: 2004, NCAST: caregiv- er/parent-child interaction teaching manual. NCAST Publications, Seattle. ⏣୰㞞ᩥ: 2015, ࠕ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡣఱࠖ, ⏣୰㞞ᩥ࣭ ᆏཱྀ ⥳࣭ᰘ⏣ᙬ༓Ꮚ࣭ᐑᆅᏕᐅ㸦ⴭ㸧, ࠗࢸ࢟ ࢫࢺ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦: Ꮫࡧࡀࡘࡴࡄ᪂ࡋ࠸♫㸦᪂ゞ ∧㸧࠘, Ꮫᩥ♫, ᮾி, 1-14 㡫. ᑎᮏጁᏊ: 2012, ࠗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂᴗ㸦⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ ⿵ຓ㔠㸧◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸦◊✲ㄢ㢟␒ྕ 21590683㸧࠘. ᑎᮏጁᏊ: 2015, ࠕᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ 㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯ࠖ, ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋 Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, ➨ 14 ྕ, 25-35 㡫. ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ: 2013, ࠕぶ‽ഛᛶಁ㐍ࢶ࣮ࣝ ࡋ࡚ࡢ NCAST ᩍᮦࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࠖ, ࠗஙᗂඣ་Ꮫ࣭ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 22 ᕳ, 64-65 㡫. 㸦➨ 22 ᅇ᪥ᮏ ஙᗂඣ་Ꮫ࣭ᚰ⌮Ꮫሗ࿌㸧 ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ: 2015, ࠕḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯: NCAST ᩍᮦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓண ഛⓗヨࡳࠖ, ࠗ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ 57 ᅇ⥲Ⓨ ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟࠘, 558 㡫. ᑎᮏጁᏊ࣭ᘅ℩ࡓ࠸Ꮚ࣭ᩧ⸨᪩㤶ᯞ࣭୕ᅜஂ⨾࣭ᒸ
ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ׆↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 143≝܇ڭݢஜ
ԓ∝૰إ ‒≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝ ᧙ᡲᙲ׆↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 1 ܇ڭ ‒ݢஜ
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⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖‒ ңӷܖ፼‒ ⇖∑∞⇽ܖ፼‒ ИሁɶሁᏋ‒
㸯㸬ၥ㢟┠ⓗ ༠ാⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦࡛࠶ࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ ᚲせᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢡࢸ ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍ⛉Ꮫ⩦ࢆ୰ᚰ㸪 ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢᐃ╔ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⩦ ୍ᩧᤵᴗࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୍ᩧᤵᴗ ⪅ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࡢಁ㐍ࡶຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡢᐇ㊶ࡢ ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀໃࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐࡋ࡚㸪୍᪉ྥ ᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪▱㆑ࡸሗࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃఏ㐩࡛ࡁ ఱࢆᏛࡪ࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢෆᐜྠ㸪ࡢ ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅✚ᴟⓗ࡞ែ ࡼ࠺Ꮫࡪ࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㓄 ᗘࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢘ࢺࠖࡢ ៖ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡶ㸪ఱࢆᩍ ฟ⌧࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⩦ຠᯝ࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࡸ㸪ཷືⓗ ࠼ࡿ㸦ㄢ㢟ෆᐜ㸧ྠ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ᩍ࠼ ែᗘࡢㄏⓎࡸෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢῶ⾶➼ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ ࡿ㸦ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡼࡾ୍ᒙࡢᕤኵࡀ ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡶᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ⓑ, 2011㸹ᇉ ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪 ⰼ, 2014; 㔝ᮧ࣭㔝, 2014㸧ࠋ ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ ㅮ⩏ᙧᘧࡢᤵᴗ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᩍᖌࡽඣ❺࣭ ࡢヨࡳࡘ࠸࡚ᩥ⊩᳨ウࡋ㸪ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶㛵ࡍࡿ ⏕ᚐࡢ୍᪉ྥⓗ࡞ࡣࡓࡽࡁࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ୍ᩧᤵ ᐇドⓗ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓᡂᯝࡸㄢ㢟 ᴗᑐࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀయⓗ࣭✚ᴟⓗཧຍࡋ㸪 ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᡂ❧ࡣ㸪 ᩍᖌࡸࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ྥⓗ࡞┦స⏝ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫࡪ⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦㸦ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ ࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾᐇࡋࡓ ࣥࢢ㸧ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓᤵᴗᙧែࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࡓᚋࡢ᪉ ࡿ㸦ⓑ, 2011㸹୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟, 2014㸧ࠋ୰ኸ ྥᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ୍ຓ࡞ࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦ ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟㸦2014㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࠖ ࡍࠋ ࠸࠺▱㆑ࡢ㉁ࡸ㔞ྠᵝ㸪ࠕࡢࡼ࠺Ꮫࡪࠖ
࠸࠺Ꮫࡧࡢ㉁ࡸ῝ࡲࡾࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀᣦ 㸰㸬ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ ࡉࢀ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢⓎぢゎỴࢆ㔜どࡋࡓయⓗ࣭ ⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒᙧែ
2015 ࠰ 11 உ 19 ଐӖྸ Factors related to active learning in primary and sec- ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥ ondary education. ࢢࡋ࡚㸪௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ༠ྠᏛ⩦ *1 Taeko Teramoto ᢿܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᨥ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 144
㸦cooperative learning㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᶒ࣭⸨ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡣ㸪༢࡞ ᮧ, 2004; Santrock, 2012; ⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧ࠋ༠ ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㸦group learning㸧ࡢᇦࢆ㉸࠼ ྠᏛ⩦ࡣ㸪ᑠࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆసࡾ㸪࠸ຓࡅྜ ࡓヨࡳ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࡦࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᑠㄢ㢟ศ ࠸࡞ࡀࡽᏛࡪࢫࢱࣝࢆᣦࡍ㸦Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋ ゎࡋ࡚ಶࠎࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡾᙜ࡚㸪య⤫ྜ Ꮫ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ┦ⓗຓ࡛࠶ࡿ༠ྠࡢព⩏ࡣ㸪 ࡼࡗ࡚ㄢ㢟㐩ᡂࢆヨࡳࡿࢪࢢࢯ࣮㸦Jigsaw㸧Ꮫ ⪅ࡢࡸࡾࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ♫ⓗ┦స⏝ࡀㄆ▱ ⩦㸦Aronson, Blaney, Sikes, Stephan & Snapp, ⓗኚ㔜せ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺❧ሙ㸦♫ 1975㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛ࡣ༠ྠᏛ⩦㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫 ⓗᵓᡂ⩏: social constructivism㸧ࡽㄝ᫂ࡉ ࡛ࡣ➇தࢆ⾜ࢃࡏࡿ TGT ࢀࡿ㸦ᇉⰼ, 2014; ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ, 2004; Santrock, 㸦Teams-Games-Tournament㸧᪉ ᘧ㸦 DeVries, 2012㸧ࠋ Edwards & Slavin, 1978㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢྛ࣓ࣥ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ♫ⓗᵓᡂ⩏࠸࠼ ࣂ࣮ࡢ㈉⊩ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢྥୖࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ⮬ຊ࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽⪅ࡢ ࡢᚓⅬᫎࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫࡛➇ࢃࡏ ຓࢆཷࡅ࡚㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽ࡢᕪࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᴫᛕ࡛ ࡿ STAD 㸦 Student-Teams-Achievement Di- ࠶ࡿⓎ㐩ࡢ᭱㏆᥋㡿ᇦ㸦ZPD: Zone of proximal visions; Slavin, 1995㸧㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ development㸧 ὀ 1 㸧 ࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࣦࢦࢶ࣮࢟ 㸦ࣂࢬࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸧య࡛ࡢඹ᭷ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ 㸦Vygotsky, L.S.㸧ࡢ⌮ㄽ㈇࠺ࡇࢁࡀࡁࡃ㸪 ࡓࣂࢬᏛ⩦㸦ሷ⏣, 1989㸧㸪ᩍᖌຓࡉࢀ࡞ࡀ ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࡣㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩㛵ࡋ࡚ྠࡌࡃᵓᡂ⩏ⓗ ࡽ⏕ᚐࡀせ⣙࣭㉁ၥ࣭᫂☜࣭ண ࢆࡋ ❧ሙࢆࡿࣆࢪ࢙㸦Piaget, J.㸧ࡢ⌮ㄽ♫ ࡞ࡀࡽㄞゎຊࢆ㣴࠺┦ᩍᤵἲ㸦Reciprocal ࣭ᩥⓗせ⣲ࢆຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ Teaching: RT㸧㸦Palincsar & Brown, 1984㸧➼㸪 㸦Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࣆࢪ࢙ࡣㄆ▱ ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧែࡀᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⹒, 1983; ฟཱྀ, ⓗᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࢩ࢙࣐㸦schema㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠ 2001; Santrock, 2012; ᇉⰼ, 2014; ⏫࣭୰㇂, 㸦assimilation; ࢩ࢙࣐ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸せ⣲ࡢ⤫ྜ㸧 2014㸧ࠋ⡿ᅜ࡛㛤ⓎࡉࢀࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ⩦ᙧ ࡸㄪ⠇㸦accommodation; ࢩ࢙࣐⮬యࡢಟṇ㸧 ែࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶ㸪⹒㸦1983㸧ࡼࡿ ࡼࡿᆒ⾮㸦equilibration㸧ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚▱ Jigsaw Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧ㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶◊✲ࡸ㸪⏫࣭୰㇂ ㆑ࡣᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ಶேෆࡢኚࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ 㸦2014㸧ࡼࡿ RT 㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶◊✲➼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㔜どࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࣦࢦࢶ࣮࢟ࡣ▱㆑ࡢᵓᡂ࠾ࡅ ࡿ⪅ࡢ♫┦స⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock, 2012; ᮡᮧ, 2014; ᑠ㔝⏣, 㸱㸬ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ 2014㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪Ꮫࡧࡢ♫ⓗᩥ⬦ࢆ㔜ど Ⅼၥ㢟 ࡍࡿ♫ⓗᵓᡂ⩏ᇶ࡙ࡃᩍ⫱ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡢⅬࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪 ࡛ࡣ㸪▱㆑ࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾὀ 2㸧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⪅ Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢྥୖ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ┦స⏝ ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ぢゎࢆ 㸦peer interaction㸧ࡢⰋዲࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ㸪⾜ ᣢࡘ㸦㔝ᮧ࣭㔝, 2014; Santrock, 2012㸧ࠋ୍ ື࣭άືࢆ⮬ศ࡛㑅ࡿ㸦యⓗάື࡛ࡁࡿ㸧 ᩧᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡼࡿࠕṇࡋ࠸ࠖ▱㆑ࡢ୍᪉ ࡇᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ឤ㸪ࡢᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ┦ ྥⓗ࡞ఏᤵࡀὶ࡞ࡢᑐࡋ࡚㸪♫ⓗᵓᡂ ౫Ꮡࡸ༠ㄪᛶ㛵ࡍࡿᣦࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Santrock , ⩏ᇶ࡙ࡃ༠ྠᏛ⩦࡛ࡣ㸪ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡸᩍ࠼ྜ࠸ 2012)ࠋᑠ࣭୰࣭㧗ᰯ⏕௦య㦂ࡋࡓࢡࢸ ࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ▱㆑ࡢ⋓ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢὀ㸱㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ ᚓࡸ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢ▱㆑ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀヨࡳࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓⓑ㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑ ࡿࠋ ࡢయ㦂ࡘ࠸࡚㧗ᰯ⏕ࡼࡾࡶᑠ࣭୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㡭ࡢ
ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ׆↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 145≝܇ڭݢஜ
᪉ࡀከ࠸㸦య㦂ࡋࡓᅇ⟅⪅ࡢྜࡀከ࠸㸧ࡇ 㸦: ⯆㛵ᚰࡀ㐪ࡗࡓ㸪ពࡢ࡞࠸ࡇࢆࡸ ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢάືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠕࡓ ࡽࡉࢀࡓ㸧㸪࠙ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠚ㸦: ඛ⏕ࡀ ࡵ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࠖ㸦Ⅼ㸧ࢆ⮬⏤ᅇ⟅࡛ᑜࡡࡓ⤖ ࡋࡗࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㐟ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺㸧㸪࠙ࢢ࣮ࣝ ᯝࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢグ㍕ෆ ࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠚ㸦: ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛௰ࡢ ᐜࢆࡲࡵ࡚ୖᴫᛕࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ ࡼ࠸Ꮚࡀ୰ᚰ㸪ពぢࢆゝࡗ࡚ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡎ ᯝ㸪ᛮ⪃ຊࡸㄪᰝ⬟ຊࡢྥୖ㸪▱㆑⋓ᚓ࠸ࡗ ⌮ᑾ࡞ࡇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙㈐௵࣭ᙺศᢸࡀ ࡓ࠙Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࡢྥୖࠚ㸦ᅇ⟅: ⪃࠼ࡿຊࡀ࠸ ᫂░ࠚ㸦: ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ⓗ࡞ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࡲࡗࡓࡃ ࡓ㸪⮬ศ௨እࡢேࡢពぢࡀ⪺ࡅ࡚▱㆑ࡀᗈࡀࡗ ࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧ࡢ 4 ࡘࡀᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀ ࡓ㸧㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪㉁ၥ㸪Ⓨゝ㸪㆟ㄽ➼ࡢ࠙༠ྠసᴗ ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᶫᮏ㸦1994㸧ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྥୖࠚ㸦: ༠ㄪᛶࢆᏛࢇࡔ㸪⮬ศࡢ ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪࠙㞟ᅋά ᛮࡗࡓࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙ᙺ࣭㈐ ືࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࡢపୗࠚ㸦: ࠕຊࡢ࠶ࡿᏊࡢ ௵ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ࡢྥୖࠚ㸦: ㈐௵ឤ㸦⮬ศࡢᙺ ㏣ồࢆ㕌ࡽࡏࡿሙྜ࠶ࡾࠖ㸪ࠕ㞟ᅋᛮ⪃ࡼࡾ㸪 ࡢ㔜ࡉ㸧ࢆឤࡌࡓ㸪ᙺศᢸࡢษࡉࡀศ ࡴࡋࢁప࠸⪃࠼ࡀฟࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠶ࡾࠖ㸧ࢆᣦࡋ㸪 ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠙యᛶ࣭⬟ືᛶࡢྥୖ㸪ཬࡧ㐩ᡂឤࡢ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ㄢ㢟ෆᐜᑐࡍࡿᣦ ⋓ᚓࠚ㸦: ⮬ศࡓࡕࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡋࡆࡓ㸪ᑡேᩘ ᑟࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮫࡧ᪉ࡢᣦᑟ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ࡞ࡢ࡛ពぢࡀάⓎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢୖ ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡸᑐே㛵ಀ㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᣦᑟ㸧ࡶ ᴫᛕࡀᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡢⅬ࡛ࡢᅇ࡛ࡣ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧 ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ᮏேࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢⅬࢆㄆ ࡶ㸪༢ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ⤌ࡲࡏ࡚άືࢆࡉࡏ࡚ࡶ㸪 ㆑࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡣᡂ❧ࡋ㞴࠸ࡋࡓ࠺࠼ ୍᪉࡛㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡣၥ㢟ࡶከࡃᣦࡉࢀ࡚ ࡛㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦ᡂ❧ࡢࡓࡵࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀලయⓗ࡞ ࠸ࡿࠋSantrock㸦2012㸧ࡣ㸪ప࠸Ꮫ⩦㐩ᡂᗘࡢ ᪉␎ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ពᅗⓗධࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ㏙ ⏕ᚐࡀ㧗࠸⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ᗘࢆ㕌ࡉࡏࡿ㸪ಶ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ேసᴗࡢ᪉ࢆዲࡴ⏕ᚐࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸪ᑡᩘࡢ⏕ᚐ ༠ྠᏛ⩦ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࠸ࡗࡓࢡࢸ ࡢࡳࡀㄢ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ୍᪉࡛㸪ࢇఱࡶࡋ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢⅬࢆ᭱㝈ᘬࡁฟࡍࡓࡵ㸪 ࡞࠸⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡣ㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸άືࡸ⚾ㄒ ಶࠎࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟࣭ၥ㢟ࢆඞ᭹ࡍ ࢆࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸪⪅ຠᯝⓗ༠ྠࡍࡿ㸦⏕ ࡃᵝࠎ࡞ᩍᤵἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ⏘ⓗ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ㸪⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸪⪅ ௨ୗ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せ ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㸧ࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝḞࡅࡿ⏕ᚐ ᅉࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᐇドⓗ◊✲ሗ࿌ࢆࡶࡲࡵࡓ ࡀከ࠸࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࠸ࠋࡑࢀඛ❧ࡕ㸪ୖグ࡛ᢳฟࡋࡓࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ᣦࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ࠙ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࠚ㸦㸯␒┠ ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢၥ㢟㸦ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ ࡢᣦࡀヱᙜ㸧㸪࠙♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ‽ഛᛶ ❧ࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉ㸧㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ၥ㢟ձ㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ ࡢᮍ⇍ࡉࠚ㸦㸰␒┠௨㝆ࡢᣦࡀヱᙜ㸧ࡢ㸰Ⅼ ᱁ᕪ㸧㸪ၥ㢟ղ㸦♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ‽ഛᛶࡢ 㞟⣙࡛ࡁࡿࠋࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣఏ㐩 ᮍ⇍ࡉ㸧㸪ၥ㢟ճ㸦άື㛵ᚰࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠸㸧㸪ၥ ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡸሗ㔞㝈ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿᣦࡋࡓ࠺࠼ 㢟մ㸦ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸧㸪ၥ㢟յ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡛㸪ඛ⤂ࡋࡓⓑ㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸧㸪ၥ㢟ն㸦㈐௵࣭ᙺศᢸ Ꮫ⩦ࡘ࠸࡚ၥࢆឤࡌࡓࡇࠖ㸦ၥ㢟㸧ࡘ࠸ ࡀ᫂░㸧㸪ၥ㢟շ㸦㞟ᅋάືࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࡢ ࡚ࡶᏛ⏕ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢⅬ㛵 పୗ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᭦ୖᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿӐᣦᑟሙ ࡍࡿୖᴫᛕᢳฟྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲ࡛㸪ၥ㢟㛵ࡍ 㠃ࡢタᐃӑ㸦ၥ㢟ղ㸪մ㸪ն㸧㸪Ӑ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ ࡿᅇ⟅ࢆࡲࡵࡿ㸪࠙άື㛵ᚰࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠸ࠚ ࡅ࣭♫ⓗᚿྥᛶӑ㸦ၥ㢟ճ㸪յ㸧㸪࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 146
Ӑㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪӑ㸦ၥ㢟ձ㸪շ㸧㞟⣙ࡋࡓࠋ ⓗሗ㓘ࡼࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸦 ࡇࡢ㸱せᅉ㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗ⤂ࡍ Ᏻ࣭࡞ࡢឤࡽ⮬ᡃ㛵ⓗ⾜ືࡍࡿ㸧㸪 ࡿࠋ ྠ୍ⓗㄪᩚ㸦⾜ືࡢ౯್ࡸ㔜せᛶࢆㄆࡵ࡚ά ືࡍࡿ㸧㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦άືࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ┠ⓗ 㸲㸬ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭ ࡋ㸪⯆࣭ᴦࡋࡉࡽ⮬Ⓨⓗ⾜ືࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ 㸲ࡘࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋእⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾ ♫ⓗᚿྥᛶ ධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿせ௳ࡋ࡚㸪ⓑ ⛣⾜ࡍࡿ⮬ᚊᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࠋᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡣ㸪 㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸪ࣇࢩࣜࢸ ே㛵ಀࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᑐே ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢᙺࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄡࡀ ⓗ⾜ືࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ᒸ⏣, 2005, 2006㸧㸪ேࡢ ࡢࡼ࠺ᑟⓗᙺࢆⓎࡍࡿࡢ㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ༠ྠⓗᏛ⩦Ⰻዲ࡞ே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ฟཱྀ, ࡢᑟ༠ຊⓗཧຍࡍࡿࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᙺ 2001; Johnson & Ahlgrem, 1976㸧ࢆࡩࡲ࠼㸪 ࢆㄡࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᢸ࠺ࡢ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡸ༠ ேࡢᏛ⩦άື࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ ྠᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿᙺ࣭㈐௵ࡢ᫂☜ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢ ⩦ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅே㛵ಀᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ ሙ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐேⓗࡩࡿࡲ࠸ࢆࡍࢀ ୧᪉ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ㛵ࡍࡿ㔜せ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭㈐௵ࡢ᫂☜ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚ ୍᪉㸪༠ྠᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ♫ⓗせᅉ ⪅ࡢࡼ࠺㛵ࢃࡿ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⪅ࡢ㛵 㛵ࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ⏫࣭୰㇂ ࢃࡾࡸ㛵ಀᛶᵓ⠏ࢆࢀᕼồࡍࡿ࠸࠺ 㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪ಶேࡢࡶࡘ♫ⓗ࡞ᮇᚅࡸᙺ ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅᐦ᥋㛵㐃ࡋࡓࢺࣆࢵࢡゝ ࡢᚿྥ࡛࠶ࡿ♫ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆ㸦Social respon- ࠼ࡿࠋ♫ⓗᵓᡂ⩏ᇶ࡙ࡃࢡࢸࣈ࣭ࣛ sibility goal㸧㸦Wentzel, 1989; ฟ ཱྀ࣭୰ ㇂ , 2003㸧 ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢᙺࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ♫ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆࡣ㸪♫ⓗ࣭ᑐே ⪅ࡢ࡞┦స⏝࣭㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪Ꮫࡧ ⓗ㐺ษ࡞つ⠊ࢆㄆ▱ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᚿྥࡍࡿつ⠊ ࡢᡂᯝࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇࡀྠồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ 㑂Ᏺ┠ᶆ㸪⪅ᑐࡍࡿຓࡸ༠ຊࡢᚿྥ ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ㛵㐃ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ◊✲ࢆఱⅬᴫ ࡛࠶ࡿྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢᙳ ほࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㡪ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦୰㇂, 1996; ⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪Ꮫࡧ࠾ࡅࡿ♫ⓗືᶵ 㸲㸬㸯 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟᑐே㛵ಀࢫ ࡙ࡅࡣ㸪Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚⪅㐺ษ ࢟ࣝࡢᣦᑟࡢྠᐇࡢᚲせᛶ㸦ฟཱྀ, 㛵ࢃࡾ㸪༠ຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࢆồ 2001㸧 ࡵࡿഴྥᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗ࣭ ฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ୰࣭㧗Ꮫᖺࡢ⌮⛉ ༠ຊⓗ࡞ᑐே㛵ಀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ሙ㠃࠾ࡅ ࠾ࡅࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦㸦୍ᐃᮇ㛫⥅⥆ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉ ࡿே㛵ಀࡢ㔜せᛶ╔┠ࡋࡓ◊✲ᒸ⏣ ࢀࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆᐃ㸧ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ᑐࡍࡿᣦᑟ 㸦2008㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ேࡢᏛ⩦άື ྠ㸪ᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶ ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ ᐇࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣝ ㄽ㸦self-determination theory㸧㸦Deci & Ryan, ࣉᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࢆࠕウ㆟㛵ࡍࡿᣦ 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000㸧╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ ᑟࠖ㸦: ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢព⩏㸪⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃᛶ㸦⮬ᚊᛶ㸧࠸࠺ほⅬ ⪅㐺ษఏ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ㸪⪅ࡽᑐពぢࢆࡶ ࡽ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸦⪅ࡽࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁࡅࡸእ ࡽ࠺ࡇࡢษࡉࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂➼㸧ࠕཧຍ࣭
ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ׆↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 147≝܇ڭݢஜ
༠ຊ㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࠖ㸦: ෆᐜࡀศࡽ࡞࠸ே ྜࡣ㸪ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶᐇࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡼࡾࡶ⫯ ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡢษࡉࡸ⪅ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ⪺ࡃࡇࡢ ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ษࡉࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂㸪ᙺศᢸ࡞༠ຊࡋ࡚ ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱㛵 ဨࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㓄៖ࡍࡿᣦᑟ➼㸧ศ ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶప࠸⩌࠾࠸࡚ゝ࠸த ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍ ࠸ࡢⓎ⏕ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡾ㸪༢ࢢ ࡿᣦᑟ㸦ᣦᑟ㸯㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ ࠾ࡅࡿᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟ 㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ 㸦ᣦᑟ㸰㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦᑟ㸯㸰ࡢ㢖ᗘࡢ㧗ప 㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ࡏࡗࡃࡢᏛ ࡼࡾ㸲⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄆ▱㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࡧࡢሙࡀ㸪ゝ࠸த࠸࠸࠺㈇ࡢ♫ⓗ┦స⏝ ⩦ࡢຠᯝᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ ࡢሙ࡞ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱㸧ࡀ⩌ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡋ࡚ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢢ ࠸ࡿ㸦ᣦᑟ㸯ࡢ㧗పᣦᑟ㸰ࡢ㧗పࡢ㸰せᅉศ ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢᡂ❧ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ ᩓศᯒ㸧ࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡣ㸪 ࡸᑐே㛵ಀ㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝ➼ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿᚲせᛶ Ꮫຊࡢྥୖ㸦: Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪 ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ Gillies & Ashman (1996, 1997, ᤵᴗཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧㸪ேࡢぶ࣭ㄯヰ㸦: 1998)ゐࢀ㸪୧ᣦᑟࡢྠᐇࡢᚲせᛶࢆᙉࡃ 㐩Ⰽࠎヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪⪃࠼ࡢ㐪࠺㐩࡛ࡶ௰ ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Ⰻࡃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧㸪ேࡢ▱ⓗὶ 㸦: ࡳࢇ࡞ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸪ࢢ 㸲㸬㸰 ᤵᴗࡢᵓ㐀♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㛵㐃 ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࢆຓࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ➼㸧ࡢ 㸦⏫࣭୰㇂, 2014㸧 㸱㡿ᇦࡽ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼᑐࡍࡿㄆ ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀᙺࢆศᢸࡋ ▱ࡣ㸪⚾ㄒ㸦ຮᙉࡣ㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸ヰ㸧ࡢ㢖ᗘ㸪 ┦స⏝ࢆᵓ㐀ࡍࡿࡇࢆ≉ᚩࡍࡿ┦ᩍ Ꮫ⩦ࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢ೫ࡾ㸦࠸ࡘࡶỴࡲࡗࡓேࡀᐇ ᤵἲ㸦RT㸧ࢆᑠᏛᰯ 5 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ⛉㸦ከᵝ࡞ᛮ 㦂㸪ほᐹ㸪Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡋ㸪ࢇఱࡶࡋ࡞࠸ேࡀ ⪃ࡸゎࡀチᐜࡉࢀࡿ༢ඖࡸᏛ⩦ㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪 ࠸ࡓ㸧㸪≉ᐃពぢࡢ೫㔜㸦࠸ࡘࡶỴࡲࡗࡓேࡢព ༠ྠゎỴሙ㠃㐺ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ㑅ᢥ࣭⏝㸧࠾ ぢࡔࡅࡀࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓ㸧㸪ゝ࠸த࠸ࡢⓎ⏕㸦ヰ ࠸࡚ヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣ㸪ᙺศ ࡋྜ࠸ࡀཱྀࡆࢇ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࡢ㸲Ⅼ ᢸࡸヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢᡭ㡰ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ㸪ෆⓗ࡞ಶேࡢᛮ ࡽ᳨ウࡉࢀࡓࠋ ⪃ࢆእࡉࡏ㸪㉁ၥ࣭ᛂ⟅ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡼࡗ࡚ ศᩓศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢຠᯝᑐ ෆⓗᛮ⪃ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࢆ㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ♧ ࡍࡿㄆ▱㸦Ꮫຊࡢྥୖ㸪ேࡢぶ࣭ㄯヰ㸧 ࡍࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪RT ⩌㸦ධ⩌㸧୍⯡ⓗ࡞ ࡣ㸪ᣦᑟ㸯㸰ࡀࡶ㧗࠸⩌ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗Ỉ‽ࢆ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ⩌㸦ᙺᥦ♧➼ࡢᵓ ♧ࡋ㸪ᣦᑟ㸯ࡀ㧗ࡃᣦᑟ㸰ࡀప࠸⩌ࡀ᭱పࡢỈ 㐀ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ᑐ↷⩌㸧ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ RT ࡢຠ ‽࡛㸪ࡕࡽࡢᣦᑟࡶప࠸⩌ࡼࡾࡶୗᅇࡿ࠸ ᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪RT ࡢຠᯝᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ♫ⓗ࡞ື ࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ᶵ࡙ࡅせᅉ㸦ඛ㏙ࡢྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆ㸧ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟᑐே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑐ㇟⪅ࢆྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ㧗ప 㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡢ୧᪉ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪 ࡼࡗ࡚㸰⩌ศࡅ㸦Ꮫࡧࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚ Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡢᏛᴗᡂᯝࡸ௰㛫ࡢὶ㛵ࡍࡿ ⪅༠ຊⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡿഴ ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪 ྥࡀ㧗࠸⪅ࢆ㧗⩌㸪ప࠸⪅ࢆప⩌ࡍࡿ㸧㸪Ꮫຊ㸪 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡢࡳ࡛㸪ᑐ ⏨ዪẚࡶ⪃៖ࡋ࡚㸲ேࢆᇶᮏࡍࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⦅ ே㛵ಀᵓ⠏ࢫ࢟ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᣦᑟࡀకࢃ࡞࠸ሙ ᡂࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ධ⩌ᑐ↷⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 148
୧⩌ࡶᤵᴗࡢὶࢀࡣྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸦Ꮫ⩦ㄢ㢟 ⩦࡛ࡣ㐺ᛂᅔ㞴ࡀᐃࡉࢀࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪 ᥦ♧ńಶே࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴń༠ྠ࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴń ሙ㠃ࢆᵓ㐀ࡉࡏࡿ RT ࡢධࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢢࣝ Ꮫ⩦ࡢࡾ㏉ࡾ㸧㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟ゎỴሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚ ࣮ࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㛵᪉ἲࡀ᫂☜ࡋ㸪⌮ゎࢆ῝ ධ⩌ࡢࡳ㸪RT ࡢᣦᑟᯟ⤌ࡳᇶ࡙ࡃᩍ♧ࢆ ࡉࡏࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀྠ㸪ࡇࡢ ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄢ㢟ᑐࡍࡿ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄝ ࡼ࠺࡞ධࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡀ㧗ࡃ ᫂ࡍࡿㄝ᫂ᙺ㸦㸯ே㸧ࡑࡢㄝ᫂ࡀࡼࡾ⢭⦓ ࡚ࡶᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡿ༴㝤ᛶ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿ㉁ၥᙺ㸦㸱ே㸧ࢆタᐃ ⪅⬟ືⓗ㛵ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⩦ ࡋ㸪ㄝ᫂ᙺ࣭㉁ၥᙺࢆ୍ᐃ㛫ẖ௦ࡍࡿ ㄢ㢟ࡢከᵝ࡞ゎἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡣ㸪ヰࡋྜ ࠸࠺ᩍ♧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑐ↷⩌ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺศ ࠸ࡢᡭ㡰ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪⪅ࡢᛮ⪃ࢆಁࡍ ᢸࡸᡭ㡰ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡣᅔ㞴ㄆ▱ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢࡾ㏉ࡾሙ㠃࡛ᐇࡋࡓᏛ⩦ㄢ ࠶ࡿࠋ 㢟㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦Ꮫ⩦ㄢ㢟ࡢ㢮㢟㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿⓎヰࡢ㔞ⓗ࣭㉁ ධ⩌ࡢṇゎ⪅ࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽ ⓗศᯒࡘ࠸࡚㸪ධ⩌࣭ᑐ↷⩌ẖ㸪1 ࢢࣝ ࢀ㸦ࣇࢵࢩ࣮ࣕࡢ┤᥋☜⋡ィ⟬ࡼࡿ㸧㸪RT ࣮ࣉࡢ 1 ᤵᴗ࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒⓎヰᩘࢆୖ 4 ࢝ࢸ ࡢຠᯝࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢦ࣮ࣜศ㢮ࡋ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ձᏛ⩦㛵㐃㸦῝࠸㸧 ḟ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡋ࡚㸪 㸦⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆヲࡋࡃ㏙ࡿㄝ᫂ࡸ┦ᡭࡢㄝ᫂ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡢ㛵࣭⌮ゎ㸦: ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ ࢆ⢭⦓ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ➼㸧㸪ղᏛ⩦㛵㐃㸦ὸ࠸㸧㸦┦ ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡀࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪㐩ࡢ㉁ ᡭࡢㄝ᫂ᑐࡍࡿ༢⣧࡞ၥࡢ⾲ฟࡸ┦ᵔ࣭ ၥ࣭ㄝ᫂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡿ㸧㸪Ⓨ ၐ➼ࡢ୍⯡ⓗᛂ⟅➼㸧㸪ճ㐠Ⴀ࣭⥔ᣢ㛵㐃㸪մ㠀 ヰࡼࡿ⌮ゎ࣭ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍㸦: ⮬ศࡢពぢࡼ Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢ㸲࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศ㢮ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢⓎヰᩘ ࡗ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡀ῝ࡲࡿ㸪⮬ศࡢ㉁ၥ 㛵ࡋ࡚㸲㸦࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸧×㸰㸦⩌㸧ࡢ Ȯ ᳨ᐃ ࡼࡗ࡚௰㛫ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ࡿ㸧ࡢ㸰㡿 ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑐ↷⩌࡛ࡣࠕᏛ⩦ ᇦࢆタᐃࡋ㸪RT ධࡢ๓ᚋ࡛ࡑࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ ᐃ 㸦῝࠸㸧ࠖࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠕ㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࠖࡀከ࠸ࡇ㸪 ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸦ධࡢ᭷↓ ᐃᮇࡢ㸰せᅉศᩓ ධ⩌࡛ࡣࠕᏛ⩦㸦῝࠸㸧ࠖࡀከࡃࠕ㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࠖ ศᯒ㸧㸪ධ⩌࡛㛵࣭⌮ゎࡢྥୖࡀ㸪ᑐ↷⩌࡛ ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪RT ධࡀᏛ⩦㛵㐃 ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡢపୗࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࡣ㸪 ࡍࡿ῝࠸Ⓨヰࡢ⏕ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡋ࡞ RT ࡼࡿሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࠸Ⓨヰࢆᢚไࡋࡓࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭦㸪ྥ ⩦ࡢ㛵࣭⌮ゎࡢㄆ▱ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇ㸪ཬ ♫ᛶ┠ᶆࡢ㧗⩌࣭ప⩌ධࡢ᭷↓ࡼࡗ࡚ ࡧ㸪ᵓ㐀ࡋ࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡛ࡣヰࡋྜ࠸ 4 ⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ᖹᆒⓎヰᩘࢆୖグ 4 ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ ࡼࡿ⌮ゎ࣭ᛮ⪃㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇࡀ ู⟬ฟࡋ࡚㸲㸦⩌㸧×㸲㸦࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸧ࡢ Ȯ ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀకࢃ࡞ࡅ ᳨ᐃࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪῝࠸Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢⓎヰࡣ ࢀࡤ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ ධ⩌ࡢ㧗⩌ࡀከࡃ㸪㠀Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢⓎヰࡣᑐ↷⩌ ▱ࡢపୗࡸ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᵓ࠼ࡢㄏⓎࡢ༴㝤ᛶ ࡢప⩌ࡀከ࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭦㸪ྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧ࡢሗ࿌ࡣ㸪RT ࡼࡿヰࡋ 㧗࣭ప⩌ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠᵝࡢ 2 せᅉศᩓ ྜ࠸ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀ㸪⌮ゎࡢ῝㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ ศᯒࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ప⩌ࡢධ⩌࠾ࡅࡿ㛵 ࡢ⫯ᐃⓗㄆ▱ࡢಁ㐍㸪Ꮫ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ┦స⏝ࡢ ࣭⌮ゎࡢྥୖ㸪ཬࡧ㸪㧗⩌ࡢᑐ↷⩌࠾ࡅࡿ ㉁ࡢྥୖ⤖ࡧࡃྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ᛮ⪃ಁ㐍ࡢపῶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪 ࡿࠋྥ♫ⓗ┠ᶆࡢ㧗పࡼࡿ RT ࡢධຠᯝ ຓ࣭༠ຊࡢᚿྥᛶࡀపࡃ㸪㏻ᖖࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࡢ┦㐪ࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ᡂ❧ࡢ
ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ׆↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 149≝܇ڭݢஜ
ࡓࡵࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ♫ⓗែᗘ࣭ᚿྥᛶࡀࢢࣝ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡁ㸪ᩍ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺㸧㸪 ࣮ࣉయࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᡂᯝᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿⅬࢆㄆ㆑ ຓᥦ౪㸦: ⮬ศࡢࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟ࡢゎࡁ᪉ ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢆヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸧㸪┦Ꮫ⩦㸦: ⯆ࡢ࠶ࡿ ෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠺㸧㸪Ꮫ⩦ᶵ㸦: ఇࡳ 㸲㸬㸱 ேᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪┦Ꮫ⩦㸪ᐇ 㛫୰ே୍⥴ຮᙉࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ㸲ୗᑻᗘ ឤࡢ㛵㐃㸦ᒸ⏣, 2008㸧 ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᑻᗘ㸦ᒸ⏣, 2008㸧ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ ⏕ᚐࡢ௰㛫㛵ಀࡀ┦ࡢሗࡸࣔࢹࣜࣥ ࡿࠋே㛵ಀᑐࡍࡿᐇឤࡣ㸪㯮⏣࣭ᱜ ࢢ➼ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢᚑࡸពḧᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ 㸦2003㸧ࡢᑻᗘ㸦: ேࡢ㛵ಀࡀᐇࡋ࡚ ࠸࠺ᣦ㸦Ryan, 2000㸧ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧 ࠸ࡿ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜᑐ ࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢேࡢᏛ⩦άື㸦ᤵᴗ㛫ෆእࡢ ᛂࡍࡿᙧᘧ࡛సᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆᏛ⩦ᐇឤᑻᗘ Ꮫ⩦㸧ὀ┠ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢඛ⾜せᅉࡋ࡚⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ ࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㸪⤖ᯝᣦᶆࡋ࡚ᐇឤࢆタᐃࡋ㸪 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ᐃࡉࢀࡓྛኚᩘ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸ ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 ࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ே㛵ಀࡢ RAI㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ RAI㸧 ேࡢᏛ⩦άື࠸࠺♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡢ ࡀ㸪ேࡢᏛ⩦άື㸦ຓせㄳ㸪ຓᥦ౪㸪 ᵝ┦ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅᏛ⩦ ┦Ꮫ⩦㸪Ꮫ⩦ᶵ㸧ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ㸪᭦ ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪ཬࡧ㸪ே㛵ࡍࡿᐇឤᏛ⩦ ᐇឤ㸦ே㸪Ꮫ⩦㸧ࡶస⏝ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭ 㛵ࡍࡿᐇឤ࠸࠺ྛせᅉ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪᰝࡋ ࢫࢆᐃࡋࡓࣃࢫゎᯒࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᯝ㸪ຓせㄳࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀᑐࡍࡿ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ື ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀ ᶵ࡙ࡅᐇឤ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ே㛵ಀ ࢆࡶࡘࡇࡸேാࡁࡅࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀຓせㄳࢆࡋ࡚ே㛵 ᑻᗘ㸦Okada, 2007; ᒸ⏣, 2005㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃ ಀᑐࡍࡿᐇឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ⮬ᚊᛶࡢほ ၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋຓᥦ౪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ⮬ᚊ Ⅼࡽㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪እⓗ ⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅᐇឤ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ 㸦: ே㛵ಀࢆసࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡼ࠺㸪ࡲࢃࡾ ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽຓᥦ౪ࢆ ࡽゝࢃࢀࡿࡽ㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸦: ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸ ⤒࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᐇឤ⮳ࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ⪃ ࡢࡣ㸪ࡎࡋ࠸ࡇࡔࡽ㸧㸪ྠ୍㸦: ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ┦Ꮫ⩦ࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ ே୍⥴㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍࡢࡣ㸪㔜せ࡞ࡇࡔ ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ே㛵ಀᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿ ࡽ㸧㸪ෆⓎ㸦: ேぶࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪࠺ࢀࡋ ᐇឤࢆண ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ྲྀࡾୖ ࠸ࡇࡔࡽ㸧ࡢ㸲ୗᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ ྛୗᑻᗘᚓⅬࢆ㔜ࡳ࡙ࡅࡋ࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⮬ ┦Ꮫ⩦᭱ࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ῝࠸ࡀ㸪ᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡢ ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ⾲ࡍᣦᶆ㸦Relative Autonomy ⤖ᯝࡽࡣ㸪ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ┦Ꮫ⩦ Index: RAI㸧ࡀ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿࠋᏛ⩦ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ ࢆࡋ࡚ே㛵ಀᏛ⩦ࡢ୧᪉ࡢᐇឤᙳ㡪 ࡣ㸪㏿Ỉ࣭⏣⏿࣭ྜྷ⏣㸦1996㸧ࡢᑻᗘࢆ⏝ࡋ㸪 ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋேࡢ༠ྠⓗ࡞ ୗᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿእⓗ㸦: ຮᙉࡋ࡞࠸ぶࡀ࠺ Ꮫ⩦άືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ே㛵ಀࡀᐇࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ᑐ ࡿࡉ࠸ࡽ㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸦: ຮᙉࡋ࡞࠸⮬ศ ࡋ࡚ࡶ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ែᗘࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ ࡀࡎࡋ࠸ࡽ㸧㸪ྠ୍㸦: ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡁษ࡞ෆᐜࡔࡽ㸧㸪ෆⓎ㸦: ࢃࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡿࡢࡀ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸ࡽ㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡽ RAI ࢆ⟬ 㸲㸬㸲 ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫ ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⩦άືࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ຓせㄳ㸦: ⓗᚿྥᛶࡢ㔜せᛶ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 150
௨ୖᴫほࡋࡓㅖ◊✲㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ ࡓᚰ⌮ⓗຓࡢ⣲㣴ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿᩍᖌࡣ㸪⮫ ⩦㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟᑐே㛵ಀࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྠᐇࡢ ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࡽᚓࡿࡶࡢࡣࡁ࠸⪃ 㔜せᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓฟཱྀ㸦2001㸧㸪ᤵᴗࡢᵓ㐀ࡢ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢಁ㐍ࡸ㸪SST 㔜せᛶ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡼࡿᩍ⫱ຠᯝࡢ㐪࠸ 㸦Social Skill Training㸧ࡸࢧ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢺࣞ ࢆᣦࡋࡓ⏫࣭୰㇂㸦2014㸧㸪ே㛵ಀࡸᏛ⩦ ࣮ࢽࣥࢢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐேࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅᏛ⩦άື㸪᭦ࡣᐇឤࡢ㛵㐃 ࢆពᅗࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡶ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪 ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᒸ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡽ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳࡣ㸪ูᯟࡢᤵᴗࢆタᐃࡋ࡚ᐇ ࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࡋ࡚㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃ ࡍࡿࡢࡀ⌧ᐇⓗᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᩍᖌࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ ࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸪♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫ⓗᚿྥᛶࡢᵝ ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢィ⏬㸪㐠Ⴀ㸪ホ౯࠸ࡗࡓ⣲㣴࣭ ┦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᢏ㔞ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᩥ⊩⤂ࡑࡢෆᐜࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ㏻ࡋ ࡚㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ 㸳. ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ ࡢᑐ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚㸪➹⪅ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࡋ ࡎ㸪ᣦᑟሙ㠃ࡢタᐃࢆ࠸ᕤኵࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ࡚㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝ Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᤵᴗ࡛ᢅ࠺ෆᐜࡢྫྷࡸᩍᤵἲࡢ ࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢỈ‽᱁ᕪࡘ࠸᳨࡚ ᨵၿ࣭ྥୖ➼㸪ᩍᖌࡢࠕᩍ࠼ࡿ⪅ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ⣲ ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ༠ྠᏛ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ࣌ࡢ⤌ࡳ᪉ࡸ࣓ 㣴ࢆᐇࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋᩍ ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᵓᡂࡘ࠸࡚㸪Santrock㸦2012㸧࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠼ࡿ⣲㣴ࡢᐇࡣ㸪ᤵᴗ◊✲ࡸ◊ಟ➼ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪 Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ⬟ຊ㸪Ẹ᪘ⓗ⫼ᬒ㸪♫⤒῭ⓗᆅ㸪 ༑ศᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᛶู࠾࠸࡚ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ່ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ḟ㸪♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭♫ⓗᚿྥᛶࢆ࠸ ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫ࡢᩍ࠼ྜ࠸ࡸ༠ຊࡢ άᛶࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣉ ᶵࡀ᭱㝈ᘬࡁฟࡉࢀ㸪ᛶูࡸᩥࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᚲせ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ 㛵ಀᛶࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♫ⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ♫ⓗᚿྥ ࡋ࡚㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㸯ྡࡣ࠼ࡽࢀࡓㄢ㢟ྲྀࡾ ᛶ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪㞟ᅋάື ⤌ࡵࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ ࡸᑐே㛵ಀࡢ㐺ᛂ࠸ࡗࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆ ࡣ㸪♫࣭ᩥⓗ࡞ከᵝᛶࡀΰᅾࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢᩍ ᐜࡣูḟඖࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≉ᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ⫱⌧ሙࡢᐇࢆᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞▱ぢࡀ࠸ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⪅ࡢ⬟ຊࡢከᵝᛶࡣ㸪ᅜࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ ࠼ࡤ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ᳨ウࡍࡁ㡯⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ▱㆑࣭ぢゎࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸ㸪ࡑࡢ⮫ᗋ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪὀ┠ ᛂ⏝㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࡀ᭷ຠ ࡋࡓᐇドⓗ◊✲㸪ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ㸦2004㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩 㡑ᅜࡢᑠᏛᰯ㸳ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟㸪ே⤌ࡼࡿ⟬ ࡑࡢᨭ㸪ゝㄒ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥⓎ㐩ࡑ ᩘࡢ༠ྠⓗၥ㢟ゎỴ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋ ࡢᨭ㸪♫࣭ືⓎ㐩ࡑࡢᨭ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪 ࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪࣌ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽㸦ၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲࡢ Ⓨ㐩ࡢྛ㡿ᇦࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱ぢලయⓗ ⢭⦓ᗘࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧ࡢ᱁ᕪࡀࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᑠࡉ࠸ ࡞ᨭ᪉ἲࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦㛗ᓮ࣭ྂ⃝࣭⸨ ሙྜ㸪ྠࣞ࣋ࣝ㸦ྠ⛬ᗘࡢ⢭⦓ᗘ㸧ࡢሙྜ࠸ ⏣, 2002; ᮏ㒓࣭㔠㇂, 2011㸧㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭ࣛ ࠺࣌ࡢᵓᡂ᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡸ༠ྠᏛ ࣮ࢽࣥࢢᡂ❧ࡢ㛵㐃せᅉྜ⮴ࡍࡿෆᐜࡀᥦ౪ ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ┦స⏝ࡢᵝ┦ࡢ㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒ ࡉࢀࡿࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆぢᤣ࠼࡚㸪㐺 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⟬ᩘࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚㸪ᑠᏛᰯ୰࣭㧗Ꮫ ษ࡞♫ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸᑐே㛵ಀࢫ࢟ࣝࡢಁ㐍࠸ࡗ
ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ׆↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 151≝܇ڭݢஜ
ᖺࡢㄆ▱Ⓨ㐩ࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿᛮ⪃ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿẚ ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ୗ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⓗ᥎⌮㸦proportional reasoning㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㸦A㸧㛫㐪ࡗࡓ᪉␎㛵ࡍࡿᥦ㸦ㄗ ࠸ࡿ㸦: ⮬ື㌴ࡀ㸰㛫࡛ 120km ㉮ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᥦ㸧ṇࡋ࠸᪉␎㛵ࡍࡿᥦ㸦ṇᥦ㸧㸪㸦B㸧 ྠࡌ㏿ࡉ࡛㸲㛫㉮ࡿ㸪㉮ࡗࡓࡁࡻࡾࡣఱkm ༢⣧ศࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศࡘ࠸࡚ࡢၥ࠸㸦㉁ၥ㸧 ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸽㸧㸦⸨ᮧ, 1992㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ ᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡢせồ㸪␗࡞ࡿពぢࡢᥦ♧㸦␗㆟㸧㸪 㢟ࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲࡋ࡚㸪⸨ᮧ㸦1992㸧ࡣ᪉␎ࢆ㸱 㸦C㸧ᡭ⥆ࡁࡔࡅࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸦ᡭ⥆ࡁ㸧᰿ᣐ ࡘศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ձຍῶἲ➼ࡢㄗ᪉␎㸪ղಸ ࡢᥦ♧㸦᰿ᣐ㸧㸪㸦D㸧༢⣧࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ┿ఝ㸦ᶍ ᩘ᧯స㸪ճ༢࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㔞ࡢィ⟬㸧ࠋࡇࡢศ㢮 ೌ㸧⮬ศࡢ⾲⌧ࡢゝ࠸࠼㸦ᵓᡂ㸧࡛࠶ ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᑐ㇟ඣ❺ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆ⩌ศࡅࡋ㸪᭱ࡶ ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕṇᥦࠖ㸪ࠕ␗㆟ࠖ㸪ࠕ᰿ᣐࠖ㸪ࠕ ⢭⦓࡞᪉␎࡛࠶ࡿճ༢࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㔞ࡢィ⟬᪉␎ ᵓᡂࠖࡣࡼࡾ῝࠸ὶ㸦㆟ㄽࡢ῝ࡉ㸧ࢆᫎࡍ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ❺ࢆ H ඣ㸪ㄗࡗࡓ᪉␎ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ❺ ࡿࠋ ࢆ L ඣ㸪ࡑࡢ୰㛫ࡋ࡚ղಸᩘ᧯సࢆ⏝࠸ࡿඣ Ⓨヰࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᵝ┦ࡢศᯒࡋ࡚㸪ୖ࢝ࢸ ❺ࢆ M ඣࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪L ඣ H ඣ࡛ ࢦ࣮ࣜ㛫ࡢ᥎⛣☜⋡ࢆồࡵ㸪ࡑࡢゅኚ್ࡢᖹ ࣌ࢆ⤌ࡴ᮲௳㸦ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ ᆒࡘ࠸࡚㸪LH ⩌ LL ⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿᡭἲ㸦㹲 ࡀࡁ࠸᮲௳㸸ᐇ㦂㸯㸧㸪M ඣ H ඣࡀࣃ࣮ ᳨ᐃ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪LH ⩌ࡢ L ඣࡢ᪉ࡀࠕᥦ ࢺࢼ࣮࡞ࡿ᮲௳㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࡀࡼࡾᑠࡉ ࠖࡽࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ㸪ࠕㄝ᫂ࠖࡽࠕཷᐜࠖ⛣ ࡃ࡞ࡿ᮲௳㸸ᐇ㦂㸰㸧ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⾜ࡋࡓⓎヰࡢ☜⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪LL ⩌ L ඣࡣࠕᥦࠖ ᐇ㦂㸯࡛ࡣ㸪L ඣྠኈࡢ࣌㸦LL ⩌㸧㸪L ඣ ࡽูࡢࠕᥦࠖࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ☜⋡ࡀ H ඣࡢ࣌㸦LH ⩌㸧㸪L ඣ༢⊂ࡢ⩌㸦L ⩌㸧 㧗࠸ഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄢ㢟㛵ࡍࡿಶ ࡢ㸱⩌ࢆタࡅ㸪๓ࢸࢫࢺ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟㸪ᚋࢸ ேࡢ⌮ゎᗘㄆ▱ⓗኚᐜࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ୗ ࢫࢺࡢ㡰ᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢ ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢᖹᆒ⏕㉳ᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡢศᩓศᯒ ㏻㐣⋡㸦ṇ⟅࣭ㄗ⟅ࡢẚ⋡㸧ࡘ࠸࡚⩌ู Ȯ 㸦ୖ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜẖ㸪⩌㸦LH ࡢ H ⩌㸪LH ᳨ᐃ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ඹ㏻ၥ㢟㸦๓ࢸࢫࢺ ࡢ L ⩌㸪LL ࡢ L ⩌㸧ୗ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸦⾲ᒙ ࡸ༠ྠㄢ㢟୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓၥ㢟㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪 ⓗὶ㸪῝ᒙⓗὶ㸧ࡢ 2 せᅉศᩓศᯒ㸧ࢆᐇ LH ⩌ࡢ L ඣࡀ㸪LL ⩌ L ඣࡸ L ඣ༢⊂⩌ࡢ L ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠕᥦࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪LL ࡢ L ⩌ࡢࠕㄗ ඣࡼࡾ㧗࠸㏻㐣⋡ࢆ♧ࡍഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᥦࠖࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪LH ࡢ H ⩌ࡢࠕṇᥦࠖࡀ㧗࠸ ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮⤌ࢇࡔ L ඣࡢࡳ ࡇࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪LH ࡢ Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ H ⩌ࡢࠕᡭ⥆ࡁࠖࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࠕཷᐜࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ ࡲࡓ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟࠾ࡅࡿ┦స⏝ࡢᵝᏊࢆ㘓 LH ࡢ L ⩌ࡢࠕᶍೌࠖࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡾ㸪 ⏬ࡋ㸪ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝศᯒࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡣ㸪LH ࡢ H ඣࡣ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢࠕṇ Flanders(1970)ࢆཧ⪃㸪㸦A㸧᪉␎㛵ࡍࡿ ᥦࠖࠕᡭ⥆ࡁⓗࠖㄝ᫂ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪LH ࡢ L ࢹࡢᥦ♧㸦ᥦ㸧㸪㸦B㸧┦ᡭࡢᥦࡸㄝ᫂ ඣࡣࡑࢀࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓࠋ 㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡸ᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡢせồ㸪␗㆟ࡢᥦ♧㸦ᢈ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪LH ⩌ࡢᏛ⩦ࡣ㸪H ඣࡢᡭ⥆ࡁⓗㄝ ホ㸧㸪㸦C㸧₇⟬ࡸᅗࡼࡿᥦࡢලయ㸦ㄝ᫂㸧㸪 ᫂ L ඣࡢᶍೌࡼࡿᒎ㛤࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍᪉ⓗ࡞▱ 㸦D㸧┦ᡭࡢᥦࡸㄝ᫂ᑐࡍࡿ⣡ᚓࡸྠព㸦ཷ ㆑ఏ㐩᪉␎ࡢ⾲ᒙⓗඹ᭷࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀぢฟࡉ ᐜ㸧࠸࠺㸲ࡘࡢୖ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀタᐃࡉࢀ㸪 ࢀࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪࣌ࡢㄆ▱ⓗỈ‽ࡢ ᭦㸪Berkowitz, Oser, & Althof (1987)ࡢ⾲㇟ ᱁ᕪࡀࡁ࠸ࡇ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⓗὶ㸦representational transacts㸧᧯సⓗ ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࢆࡼࡾ⊃ࡵࡓ࣌ࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓ ὶ㸦operational transacts㸧ࡢศ㢮ࢆཧ⪃㸪 ᐇ㦂㸰࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂㸯ࡢ L ඣࡀ M ඣ
≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 152
᭰ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⩌ࢆタᐃࡋ㸦MH ⩌㸪MM ⩌㸪M ⩌㸧㸪๓ࢸࢫࢺ㸪༠ྠㄢ㢟㸪ᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢᡭ㡰 㸴.⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋࢸࢫࢺࡢ㏻㐣⋡㸦Ȯ ᳨ᐃ㸧 ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞୍ᩧᤵᴗࡣ㸪ᐇᅾⓗ▱㆑ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ ࠾࠸࡚㸪㢮ఝၥ㢟㸦༠ྠㄢ㢟㢮ఝࡍࡿᩥ⬦ ఏᤵࡍࡿࡢ㐺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㐺ษཷᐜ࡛ࡁࡓಶ ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘၥ㢟㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪MH ⩌ MM ⩌ ࡢᏛࡧࢆಁࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ࡢ M ඣࡀ M ඣ༢⊂⩌ࡢ M ඣࡼࡾ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣ㸪♫ⓗᩥ⬦࠸࠺⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪M ඣࡢሙྜ㸪༢⊂⩌ࡼࡾࡶ࣌ ᛶ࠾ࡅࡿᏛࡧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᡂ❧ࡢ ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ࢆࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ㢮ఝၥ㢟ࡲ࡛᪉␎ࡀ㐺⏝࡛ 㛵㐃せᅉࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫࡧࡢሙ㠃ࡢᵓ㐀㸪♫ⓗ ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡢ㌿⛣ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓゎ㔘ࡉࢀ ែᗘ࣭ᚿྥᛶࡢಁ㐍㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆព㆑ ࡓࠋᐇ㦂㸯ྠᵝ㸪Ⓨヰࡢୖ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㛫 ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᵓᡂὀ┠ࡋ㸪ᐇドⓗ࡞◊✲ᡂᯝ ࡢ᥎⛣☜⋡ࡘ࠸࡚ MH ⩌ MM ⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ⤂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛⤂ࡋࡓෆᐜ ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠕᢈホࠖࡽࠕㄝ᫂ࠖࡢ᥎⛣㸪ཬࡧࠕㄝ ࡽ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᡂ❧ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ ᫂ࠖࡽࠕཷᐜࠖࡢ᥎⛣ࡣ㸪MH ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ព ࡽࡢ㸱ࡘࡢせ⣲␃ពࡋ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᕤኵ࣭ᑐ⟇ࡀ 㧗࠸ࡇࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪MH ᚲせ࡞ࡿࡇࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ⩌ࡢ┦స⏝ࡣ㸪୍᪉ࡢᥦᑐࡋ࡚᪉ࡀ✚ ࡇࢀຍ࠼࡚㸪➹⪅ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ၥࢆ࿊ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ᴟⓗᢈุࢆ㏉ࡍ᪉ྥⓗ࡞ཧຍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ ♫ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᏛࡧ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡀࢡࢸࣈ࣭ ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㦂㸯ྠᵝࡢୗ࢝ࢸࢦ ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᮏ㉁࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ♫ ࣮ࣜࡢᖹᆒ⏕㉳ᩘ㛵ࡍࡿศᩓศᯒ㸦⩌㸦MH ⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫᅔ㞴ࢆ♧ࡍඣ ࡢ H ⩌㸪MH ࡢ M ⩌㸪MM ࡢ M ⩌㸧ୗ࢝ ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㸦㠀⾲ᒙⓗὶ㸪῝ᒙⓗὶ㸧ࡢ 2 せ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ୰ࡣ㸪ᑐே㛵ಀࡸᑐ ᅉศᩓศᯒ㸧ࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠕㄗᥦࠖࡣ MM ேࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸪ᩥ⬦ࡢ⌮ゎ㸪♫ⓗᩥ ࡢ M ⩌ࡀ᭷ព㧗ࡃ㸪ࠕ␗㆟ࠖࡣ MH ࡢ M ⩌ ⬦࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ᅔ㞴➼㸪⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ ࡀ㸪ࠕ᰿ᣐࠖࡣ MH ࡢ H ⩌ࡀ㸪ࠕᵓᡂࠖࡣ MH ᢪ࠼ࡿ⪅ࡀ㸪ࢢ࣮࣭ࣞࢰ࣮ࣥࡶྵࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡽ ࡢ M ⩌ࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ ࡎᏑᅾࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨ㐩ⓗ≉ ࢃࡕ㸪MH ⩌ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ㸪᰿ᣐࢆకࡗࡓㄝ᫂㸪 ᛶࢆᣢࡘඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᑐࡋ࡚㸪㐣ᗘ♫ⓗື ⮬ศࡢゝⴥ࡛ᵓᡂࡋ࡞࠾ࡍ῝ᒙⓗ࡞ὶ࡛࠶ࡿ ᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ♫ⓗᚿྥᛶࢆồࡵࡿࡢࡣ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᑐ ࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᛂ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆᲴୖࡆࡋ࡚ ㄆ▱ࡢ♫ᵓᡂ⩏ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿ◊✲ ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪ࡇ ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕࡼࡾඃࢀࡓ⪅ࠖࡢ┦స⏝ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ ࢀࡽࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡶࡘᏛ⩦⪅ࡢᏛࡧࡢሙ࡛ࡢ㐺ᛂ ຠᯝࡀᙇࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᶒ࣭⸨ᮧ㸦2004㸧࡛ࡣ㸪 ࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠕࡼࡾඃࢀࡓࠖࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢ᮲௳ࡀྠ୍࡛ࡶ㸪 ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㏫ࡢⓎ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢡࢸ ┦ᡭࡢึᮇࡢㄆ▱≧ែ㸦ㄆ▱Ỉ‽㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ᵝ ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ≉ᚩࢆάࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ┦ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ ࡞Ⓨ㐩ⓗ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࢆಁ㐍ࡉ ࡀࡁ࠸ሙྜᏛ⩦ຠᯝࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡣ㸪 ࡏࡿ᪉␎ࡣᶍ⣴࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕࢳ ึᮇࡢ᪉␎Ỉ‽ࡀࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢ᪉␎ࢆ⬟ືⓗ ࣮࣒ࡢຊࠖࢆάᛶࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛㸪ಶࠎࡢຊ㸦⮬ ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ‽ഛ≧ែ࠶ࡿྰࢆᫎࡍࡿࡶ ຊ㸧࡛ࡣྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀᅔ㞴࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢢ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ㄆ▱Ỉ‽ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࣌ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ௰㛫ࡢ༠ຊ࣭༠ാ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㐩ᡂ࡛ ࡢᵓᡂࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡁࡿ࠸ࡗࡓヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜ㸪ಶࠎࡢඣ
ИሁɶሁᏋ↚ⅹↀ↺⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙⇖↝᧙ᡲᙲ׆↚᧙ↈ↺ɟᎋݑ 153≝܇ڭݢஜ
❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩Ỉ‽ࢆⓗ☜ᢕᥱࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
ࡸᏛ⩦᪉ἲࡢ⥥ᐦ࡞᳨ウᡓ␎ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤ࡀ ⹒ ༓ኖ: 1983, ࠕඣ❺ࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦ែᗘ ᚲせ࡞ࡿ᥎ᐹࡉࢀ㸪ᩍᖌࡣ㸪Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ ཬࡰࡍ Jigsaw Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧࡢຠᯝࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊ ✲࠘, ➨ 31 ᕳ, 102-112 㡫. ࡸ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫຍ࠼࡚㸪≉ูᨭᩍ⫱ࡢ⣲ Aronson, E., Blaney, N., Sikes, J., Stephan, C., & Snapp, M.: 1975, “Busing and racial tension: 㣴ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ The jigsaw route to learning and liking”, Psy- ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪㓄៖ࢆせࡍࡿⓎ㐩≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍ chology Today (February), pp. 43-50. Berkowitz, M.W., Oser, F., & Althof, W.: 1987, “The ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࠾ࡅࡿࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ development of sociomoral discourse”, Kurtines, ࡢ࠶ࡾᵝࡣ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡀᮏ᱁ⓗ W.M., & Gewirtz, J.L. (eds.), Moral development through social interaction. John Wiley & Sons, ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿࡢὶ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᛴົࡢㄢ㢟 NY, pp.322-352. ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟: 2014, ࠗึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ㄢ⛬ࡢᇶ‽➼ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚࠘. ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪ᩍᖌࡣᏛ⩦ෆᐜࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. :1985, “Intrinsic motiva- tion and self-determination”, Plenum Press, NY. ࡃ㸪♫ⓗែᗘᙧᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿྠ㸪࣌ ฟཱྀᣅᙪ: 2001, ࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ ඣ❺ࡼࡿㄆ▱ࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᵓᡂ࠸ࡗࡓேⓗ⎔ቃࡢᩚഛᑐ ➨ 49 ᕳ, 219-229 㡫. ࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ♫ⓗᩥ⬦ ฟཱྀᣅᙪ࣭୰㇂⣲அ: 2003, ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢ♫ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆ ༠ྠᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ, ࠗᛶ᱁ᚰ⌮Ꮫ ࡸ♫ⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆᇶ┙㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿࢡࢸ ◊✲࠘, ➨ 11 ᕳ, 120-121 㡫. ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡸᩍᤵ᪉ DeVries, D.L., Edwards, K.J., & Slavin, R.E.: 1978, “Biracial learning teams and race relations in ἲ⢭㏻ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᑐே㛵ಀࡢຓ➼ࡢᚰ⌮ the classroom: Four field experiments using ⓗຓࡢ⣲㣴ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ㈇ᢸࡢ Teams-Games-Tournament”, Journal of Educa- tional Psychology, Vol. 70, pp. 356-362. ቑࡣྍ㑊࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࢆᨭࡍࡿయไᩚഛ Flanders, N.A.: 1970, “Analyzing teaching behav- ior”, Addison-Wesley Pub Co., Reaching, MA. ࡶྵࡵ࡚㸪ᚋࡢ᳨ウㄢ㢟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⸨ᮧᐉஅ: 1992, ࠕඣ❺ࡢẚⓗ᥎⌮㛵ࡍࡿⓎ㐩ⓗ ◊✲ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 40 ᕳ, 276-286 㡫. Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1996, “Teaching collaborative skills to primary school children in classroom-based work groups”, Learning and Instruction, Vol. 6, pp.187-200. ὀ 1㸧 Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1997, “The effects of Ⓨ㐩ࡢ᭱㏆᥋㡿ᇦࡣ㸪⮬ຊ࡛࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽㸦⌧ᅾࡢ training in cooperative learning on differential Ⓨ㐩Ỉ‽㸧⪅ࡢຓࢆཷࡅ࡚࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽㸦₯ student behavior and achievement”, The Jour- ᅾⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩Ỉ‽㸧ࡢᕪศࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 nal of Classroom Interaction, Vol. 32, pp. 1-10. ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀḟ⮬ຊ࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㡿ᇦࢆᣦࡍࠋ Gillies, R.M., & Ashman, A.F.: 1998, “Behavior and interactions of children in cooperative groups in ᩍ⫱ⓗࡣࡓࡽࡁࡅ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㡿ᇦࢆព㆑ lower and middle elementary grades”, Journal ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦 ᑠ㔝⏣ Santrock, 2012; , of Educational Psychology, Vol. 90, pp. 746-757. 2014㸧ࠋ ᶒ ⿱ၿ࣭⸨ᮧᐉஅ: 2004, ࠕྠᖺ㱋ඣ❺ࡢ༠ྠࡣ࠸ ࡘ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ: ẚⓗ᥎⌮ࡢ᪉␎ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ␗ ὀ 㸧 2 ࡞ࡿ࣌ࡢ┦స⏝ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿయࡣ⊂❧Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᐇᅾୡ⏺ࢆ 52 ᕳ, 148-158 㡫. ᫎࡋࡓᐈほⓗ▱㆑㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡸᑓ㛛ᐙ➼ ᶫᮏᐃ⏨: 1994, ࠕ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡀ⏕ࡉࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࠖ, ࡢᶒጾࡀṇࡋ࠸ㄆࡵࡓ▱㆑ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ❧ሙࡣ㸪 ࠗ⌧௦ᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫ࠘, ➨ 37 ᕳ, 60-62 㡫. ᐇᅾ⩏࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ㄽᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ఏ⤫ ㏿Ỉᩄᙪ࣭⏣⏿ ࣭ྜྷ⏣ಇ: 1996, ࠕ⥲ྜே㛫⛉ ⓗ࡞Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱㆑ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ ࡢᐇ㊶ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢኚࠖ, ࠗྡྂᒇᏛ ࡓ㸦㔝ᮧ࣭㔝 㸧ࠋ , 2014 ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⣖せ㸦ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉㸧࠘, Vol.43, pp.23-35.
ᮏ㒓୍ኵ࣭㔠㇂ிᏊ: 2011, ࠗ⮫ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᇶ♏࠘, ὀ 3㸧 ࣑ࢿࣦࣝ᭩ᡣ, ி㒔. ⓑ㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࢡࢸࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ୰࡛ Johnson, D.W., & Ahlgren, A: 1976, “Relationship ࡶ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦↔Ⅼࡋࡓሗ࿌ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ between student attitudes about cooperation and competition and attitudes toward schooling”, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 68, pp. 92-102.
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ᇉⰼ┿୍㑻: 2014, ࠕᏛ⩦᪉ἲࠖ, ୗᒣᬕᙪ (⦅), ࠗㄔ ᮡᮧఙ୍㑻: 2014, ࠕㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࠖ, ୗᒣᬕᙪ ಙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㎡㸦᪂∧㸧࠘, ㄔಙ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி, 228-230 (⦅), ࠗㄔಙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㎡㸦᪂∧㸧࠘, ㄔಙ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி, 㡫. 204-206 㡫. 㯮⏣♸࣭ᱜⱱ⏨: 2003, ࠕ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢே㛵ಀሙ㠃 Wentzel, K.R.:1989, “Adolescent classroom goals, ࠾ࡅࡿ┠ᶆᚿྥᛶᢚ࠺ࡘࡢ㛵ಀᅾࡍࡿ standards for performance, and academic ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㸸ࢹࢫࢺࣞࢫ/࣮ࣘࢫࢺࣞࢫ⏕ᡂࣔࢹ achievement: An interactionist perspective”, ࣝࡢ᳨ウࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 51 ᕳ, 86-95 Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 81, pp. 㡫. 131-142. ⏫ ᓅ࣭୰㇂⣲அ: 2014, ࠕ⟬ᩘࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࠾ࡅ ࡿ┦ᩍᤵἲࡢධຠᯝࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ: ྥ♫ ⓗ┠ᶆࡢస⏝ࡢ᳨ウࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 62 ᕳ, 322-335 㡫. 㛗ᓮ ࣭ྂ⃝㉈㞝࣭⸨⏣⥅㐨㸦⦅ⴭ㸧: 2002, ࠗ⮫ ᗋⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫᴫㄽ: Ⓨ㐩ᨭࡢ⌮ㄽᐇ㝿࠘, ࣑ࢿ ࣦࣝ᭩ᡣ, ி㒔. ୰㇂⣲அ: 1996, ࠕඣ❺ࡢ♫ⓗ㈐௵┠ᶆࡀᏛᴗ㐩ᡂ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 44 ᕳ, 389-399 㡫. 㔝ᮧுኴ࣭㔝ಇ୍: 2014, ࠕᤵᴗࢆ༠ྠⓗάືࡢሙ ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢㄆ㆑ⓗಙᛕ: ௬ㄝⓗୡ⏺ほᥐ ᐃ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘, ➨ 62 ᕳ, 257-272 㡫. ᒸ⏣ ᾴ: 2005, ࠕே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘࡢసᡂ ࠾ࡼࡧጇᙜᛶ࣭ಙ㢗ᛶࡢ᳨ウ: ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᯟ⤌ ࡳࡽࠖ, ࠗࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ◊✲࠘, ➨ 14 ᕳ, 101ï112 㡫. ᒸ⏣ ᾴ: 2006, ࠕ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ே㛵ಀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ ⮬ᕫ㛤♧࠾ࡼࡧ㐺ᛂཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠖ, ࠗࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ ࢸ◊✲࠘, ➨ 15 ᕳ, 52ï54 㡫. Okada, R.: 2007, “Motivational analysis of aca- demic help-seeking: Self-determination in ado- lescents’ friendship”, Psychological Reports, Vol. 100, pp.1000-1012. ᒸ⏣ ᾴ: 2008, ࠕேࡢᏛ⩦άື࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᚊⓗ ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᙺ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ, ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊ ✲࠘, ➨ 56 ᕳ, 14ï22 㡫. ᑠ㔝⏣ு: 2014, ࠕᏛ⩦ࡢ♫ᩥⓗࣉ࣮ࣟ ࢳࠖ, ୗᒣᬕᙪ (⦅), ࠗㄔಙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㎡㸦᪂∧㸧࠘, ㄔಙ᭩ᡣ, ᮾி, 236-238 㡫. Palincsar, A.S, & Brown, A.L.: 1984, “Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and com- prehension-monitoring activities”, Cognition and Instruction, Vol. 1, pp. 117-175. Ryan, A.M.: 2000, “Peer groups as a context for the socialization of adolescents’ motivation, en- gagement, and achievement in school”, Educa- tional Psychologist, Vol. 35, pp. 101–111 Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L.: 2000,”Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motiva- tion, social development, and well-being”, American Psychologist, Vol. 55, pp. 68-78. Santrock, J.W.: 2012, “Educational Psychology (5th ed. International edition)”, McGraw-Hill, NY. ሷ⏣ⰾஂ: 1989, ࠗᤵᴗάᛶࡢࠕࣂࢬᏛ⩦ࠖධ㛛࠘, ᫂ᅗ᭩, ᮾி. ⓑ㟹ᩄ: 2011, ࠕࢡࢸࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ Ꮫ⩦㸧ࡢ⤒㦂ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛ⩦ࢱࣉࠖ, ࠗྡྂᒇዪᏊ Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, ➨ 57 ᕳ, 117-125 㡫. Slavin, R.E.: 1995, “Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.)”, Allyn & Bacon, Boston.
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ԓ∝૰إ ‒≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ Applied Linguistics: Effective Learning Pedagogical Strategies and Curriculum Design -The Cutting Edge of Civic and Citizen Education Matayoshi, Hirona㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧 1㸦1㸧 Switzerland is well known for being the founding father of the International Baccalaureate but it is also well known for the educational mentality of solidarity. We can embrace the power of their solidarity from reading their motto,͆Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno”, can be translated from Latin to English as “One for All, All for One” (Le News. 2015). Switzerland is also extremely famous for having four national or official languages which repre- sents their respect for diversity. It was because of this motto or mentality they survived World War II. They demonstrated Effective Evidence - Based Control and Defense in “warfare” by not allowing any war planes fly over their country. In other words, during World War II they decided they had “no Allies” but “all enemies” so without discrimination they shot at every plane that flew over their sky including both the German and the United States Air Forces (Helmreich, 2000). The neutrality of Switzerland was assured by an Effective Evidence – Based Strategy of evolutional and progressive mentality. They found that in a materialistic and capitalistic world, they needed to collect and guard the world’s finance by establishing the Swiss Bank. They learned that the strongest religion on earth is “money” and “greed”. They learned that money has a tendency to quench our thirst for greed and banks have become humanity’s churches to worship the accumulating digits in our bank accounts. They learned that protecting the wealth of the rich was the best way to defend their country. In other words, it would be literally insane to go after the Swiss be- cause they have the bank accounts as an ultimate “hostage”. They proved this in World War II and their effective evidence based strategy continues today. What is even more unique is that in 2013, Switzerland announced their next Effective Evidence – Based Strategy in “welfare” instead. They surprisingly announced, “Switzerland’s Pro- posal to Pay People for Being Alive” in the “The New York Times”. The life style of Switzerland triggered other governments to rethink their education policies under the concept of civics (Lowrey, 2013).
Last year, in November 2014, the United States Department of Education published their new education
policy. The policy title was “Effective Professional Learning Strategies and Their Use in Future Ready Districts”
(Duncan, 2014). The policy was published to encourage researchers to be effective professionals teaching students within the realm of civic education. The purpose was to establish educational readiness for educators to use in the future. This policy was originally established for all the districts and states within the United States but the policy has now taken a wider turn. The policy now includes countries abroad. The Switzerland’s motto,͆Unus pro om- nibus, omnes pro uno”, has influenced UNESCO, the UN, and the EU, especially Oxford University, to adopt this educational policy (Sylva, Retrieved: July 1, 2015). The policy discusses about Effective Learning or Evi- dence-Based Practices that can be used in reflective learning to foster citizen education both locally and international-
ly. This paper will discuss about the historical evolution from Civil Education, to Citizen Education, to Active
Learning, and to the Effective Learning Strategies that has just begun, in 2015, which is also known as Evi-
dence-Based Practices. The paper will also discuss about curriculum design and the future endeavors of the lan- guage curriculum in Japan.
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Civil and Citizen Education, Effective Learning Strategies, Active Learning, Evidence-Based Practices, Applied Linguistics
‒ ‒ ․•‣‧ ࠰ உ ‣‧ ଐӖྸ‒ ࣖဇᚕᛖܖ‒ јௐႎܖ፼⊵⋍⊫⊹⋄⊩⋍⋟⊦‒ ⋘⊱⋇⋞⊹⋟Ꮛܖႎဦ↗⇑∐⇓∋∏∆ᚨᚘ‟இέᇢ↝ࠊൟᏋ↗πൟᏋ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ᢿܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻӍӴ‒ ࢀ‒ ‒ ᨥ ‣“ ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 156
Introduction㸦2㸧 the best childcare book to read (Barnes, 1998). Education is like a motherly instinct He must have believed that education had to be or a common sense. A mother educates her progressive. He helped mothers all around the children to prepare them with all the inequali- world. Dr. Spock contributed in the develop- ties of life. She nurtures her baby with end- ment of our individuality to teach us to let go of less love, milk, and never ending poddy train- our mother’s hand and stand on our two feet to ing. Then, during the same time, the child establish our citizenship in our communities all grows at each age or level and the mother around the world”. He may have been the teaches the child with a progressive education leading educator for International Citizenship to assure and prepare the child to become a re- Education. sponsible citizen of society. She holds the The concept of a country and its citi- child’s hand to lead the child and also comfort zenship came forth from as early as the ancient the child so that it may improve, not just the Greek history. Socrates was put on trial for well-being of the child but to build a social his controversial views on how to educate the standing as well to pursue the freedom and youth. He provided ancient Greece with the happiness by becoming self-sufficiently capa- concept of civic education. However, his ed- ble or independent. The mother also has great ucation was too “avant-garde” or new age at expectations for her child and she realizes that the time. In the long run, he got himself the child must let go of her hand, at one point, “hemlocked” for polluting the minds of the to progressively increase their financial stand- youth. Although, he was a revolutionary ed- ing as well as preserving their own welfare as a ucator, he brought forth the challenge of “free- nation’s citizen. This motherly instinct is to dom of speech” in democracy. We can’t help make sure that we, as citizens, can live and for wondering if only Socrates had the capabil- comfortably contribute with each other without ity to access the internet, may be his final out- political conflicts. A mother hopes that her come would have been a little bit different. child will not be a menace to society but con- However, Socrates was the epitome of what tribute as a respectable human being who today’s “active global citizen” is all about. doesn’t need mommy’s hand anymore. Edu- cators and governments refer to this pedagogy The Pedagogical Evolution as Citizen Education. After centuries have passed us by, we Some may say, Dr. Benjamin Spock’s arrive in the 80’s. The old floppy disks were “Baby and Childcare” is outdated but his basic too big, personal computers were not mobile, loving philosophy provided us with the legacy and lap tops were down right heavy. Today, in of the common sense of empathy and love. the year 2015, technology has significantly He made sure that we could embrace each other changed. We have exchanged our big personal in diversity and international understanding. computers with tiny mobile iPads that we can Until he died in 1998, he continued to make carry along and use even on the plane. We are revisions to fit the times, each new edition pro- constantly connected on-line with our iPhones vided growth for our individuality and it is still to eloquently surf the ocean of the World Wide ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 157
Web any time we please, of course, as long as 1992 called the Evidence Based Medicine we have Wi-Fi. Times have changed, teach- (Guyatt, 1992). Well, this policy has now ing strategies have changed, and learning resurrected from domestic civic education and methods have also changed. Today, the policy revived as an international educational phe- has changed, in profound harmonic progression. nomenon. However, they had the idea from At least, that is what some would want us to the medical community but they didn’t have a think. We have a revised the old Civic and Dr. Spock “childcare” book to go along as a Citizen Education to what we call, now, the standardized manual for education. Effective Learning Strategy or Evidence-Based The whole original purpose was to Practices. educate the citizens of the United States with appropriate values to accept the responsibilities Pedagogical Revolution and History㸦3㸧 of the “adult world”. The idea was accepted The United States went through sev- and adopted today because it reflects upon the eral wars in history and somehow the concept international problems that we face with educa- of civil education froze in time. It was around tional curricula that are not united as one. the Vietnam War that this happened when peo- Today, both domestic and internation- ple lost faith in the government. There were, al students need to be educated with prob- way too many, body bags and too many dis- lem-solving, decision-making, empathy, equal- traught mothers, trapped in melancholy, for ity, rationality, loyalty, individuality, integrity, they had lost their sons. Parents were sick and and the commitment to justice and democracy tired of war and they wanted their children safe as well. At the time, that this policy was away from the pain. In 1978, “Citizen Educa- made, it was also the beginning of globalization tion” became the new trend (͆The Proceedings since the policy was centering on educating the of Citizen Education Conference”, 1978). The people with concerns with global understanding trend began through the United States Congress and multiculturalism. Well, this educational decision. They were concerned with a new strategy is continued today. policy to educate society as an interactive body The problems we, as humanity, face to collaborate with each other and to effectively are that many educational institutions stress contribute to American democratic society. their preparation on students passing examina- As time went by the policy continued to evolve tions whether than focusing on promoting skills until, the Department of Education then pub- for the students to survive in the work place. lished an outline for a guideline to use Effec- Students will pass each exam with each level tive Learning Strategies as a toolkit. The pur- and they sooner or later graduate then become pose was to unite educational professionals lo- unprepared professional citizens. The prob- cally and internationally to develop better cur- lem is that they have the knowledge but they ricula for all. This Effective Learning policy are not ready for the work place for they were began in 2010 called the Effective Evi- educated to pass exams. The citizens are only dence-Based Practices (Means, 2010). How- prepared for a closed local mind-set but not an ever, the concept in itself began way back in international mind-set to deal with technologi- ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 158 cal, political, and financial challenges with ac- name to “Effective Learning Strategies or Evi- tive global solutions. dence-based Practices” in 2014 (Duncan, 2014). The students were educated to follow Active Learning is included into the new Effec- instructions but that produced citizens without tive Learning Policy of Civic and Citizen Edu- responsibility and the notion that problems can cation. Effective Learning Strategies or Evi- be hidden under the rug became the apathetical dence-based Practices has just begun in 2015. norm or standard. This neglect, in the long run, caused more problems. This is because The New 2015 Effective Learning Strat- the problems were collecting like a fur ball, egies or Evidence-based Practices Cur- caught in the cat’s throat. The only way a cat riculum Design㸦4㸧 can resolve a “fur ball problem” is to face the We first need to define Curriculum facts and spit the “wrong” out. This is what Design. An original definition of Curriculum educators and governments discovered and they Design is that it is the design of the overall ed- started to move quickly to establish an orga- ucational academic procedure in itself. The nized civic education for all. design must fit the goals and objectives of the Citizenship Education has evolved, government educational policy as well as the connecting the concept of globalization and needs of the employees and the future endeav- multiculturalism. Around the 1900s, the edu- ors of the students. The design must establish cational policy was named, “Direct Method” professional citizens motivated by a mission (Richards, 1992; p. 109). In the 60’s the edu- that can lead them to become good citizens and cational policy changed its name to “Active flourish in their pursuit of happiness in our Teaching” (Richards, 1992; p. 5) in the 80’s. democratic way of life. A curriculum design Then later into the pre-millennium to the mil- is kind of like a road map for the future. That lennium it changed to “Active Learning” within map is not fixed nor should it be overly exag- the realm of Citizen Education (“What Is Ac- gerated but flexible enough so we can learn tive Learning?” 2008). from our mistakes and revise it to make it better. Active Learning is not a new concept The map must have goals and objectives to lead nor a new educational policy since it all began our citizens to their personal dreams or out- since the beginning of time (Corrigan, 2013). come. Our students will become future lead- According to the legend of Christianity, Jesus ers in their personal professional careers to Christ learned to be a carpenter through helping answer to their vocations. The curriculum is his father Joseph by being his apprentice. the university's reasonable and clear mission, Apprentices were a form of Active Learning. vision, and moral value. The following is an Today, in Japan, many universities have just original curriculum assessment that was based begun with Active Learning and not quite upon the United States Department of Educa- adapting to the complexity of the new United tion Office of Technology’s, “Professional States Education policy. The United States Learning Strategies Self-Assessment Tool” State Department then renamed the policy from (͆Professional Learning Strategies as a Tool”, “Active Learning” in 2014 and changed the 2014; p 4). ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 159
(The top Curriculum Assessment is an original Curriculum Assessment㸦5㸧 assessment list made by Hirona Matayoshi. 1. The Curriculum must be Evidence-Based The list was based upon the United States De- Learning centering instruction upon active partment of Education Office of Technology’s, learning. “ Professional Learning Strategies 2. The curriculum must be planned to be use- Self-Assessment Tool” published in 2014 ful, be able to review it, every new discov- (͆Professional Learning Strategies as a Tool”, ery is the research of the faculty that will 2014; p 4). assist the progression of the students. 3. The curriculum must have the opportunity According to the “Evaluation of Evi- to have an assessment and be freely revised dence-Based Practices in Online Learning – A to fit each course. Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning 4. Researchers must be free when applying for Studies”, there are three categories of Effec- grants to assist the university as well as pro- tive Learning Citizen Education strategy: vide the students with learning possibilities. Expository, Active, and Interactive. 5. The curriculum must have an evaluation to review and revise. Expository learning strategy is separated 6. The curriculum must be rational. Each into two categories:㸦6㸧 course must have a progression in a distinct The new learning strategy consists of sequence toward an outcome. two categories named Synchronous and Asyn- 7. The quality of the curriculum must never chronous. Expository Synchronous learning fall back but be a constant development for emphasizes on controlled on-line lecture mate- the future. rials whereas Expository Asynchronous learn- 8. The curriculum must be diverse. We live ing emphasizes on on-line free learning. This in a cross-cultural global economy and stu- method assures the students with guidance dents must be prepared for not just the do- while also reflecting upon what they have mestic community but for the international learned (Means, 2010; p. 5). community as well. Active learning is also separated into 9. Each faculty member must be able to freely two categories: Synchronous and Asynchro- be involved in management for they are the nous. Active Synchronous learning empha- experts and they are the guardians of the sizes on solving problems on the net through school mission. interfacing with professionals on-line whereas 10. Assessments must demonstrate the pro- Active Asynchronous learning emphasizes on gram's possibility or strengths. activities with the on-line professional to suc- 11. Assessments must provide revision and re- ceed in understanding activities that are pre- form possibilities. sented to them (Means, 2010; p. 5). 12. The Curriculum must lead to a higher qual- Interactive learning strategy is, again, ity of educational acquisition. separated into two categories: Synchronous and Asynchronous. Interactive Synchronous ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 160 learning emphasizes on dealing with other stu- dents in a lecture-based class while completing Motivation an assignment or completing an on-line simula- Motivation is another problem in ed- tion project whereas Interactive Asynchronous ucation. The teacher must be flexible to deal learning emphasizes on discussions and learn- with a variety of students with a variety of per- ing about methods for professional develop- sonalities and backgrounds. Teachers must ment (Means, 2010; p. 5). initiate group work as a student challenge with To make the strategy complete we new themes every week to prevent the students need to think how the language can be utilized. from boredom. When a student starts snooz- Therefore, language is a tool an individual can ing that is the alarm bell ringing to wake up the be equipped with but not everyone can pick up teacher to make a change in the strategy. Stop the tool to properly use it. In the long run, the preaching and get the students involved. sometimes the language may simply become a life experience for us to say, "I once studied The Mission French and German but I failed both of these The mission of the school should subjects in high school". never be unreasonable and not exaggerated. When applying the strategies we al- The mission must have clear reasonable goals ways have to first consider the fact that all with a clear outcome for the future. The mis- classes are limited to 90 minutes each for 15 sion must appeal to the students like a motto. times a semester in Japan. Each course must The mission statement is like a university mot- have a planned clear theme. When designing to that will be remembered for it will be the a course it is like imagining a perfect scenario students’ pride in their “alma mater”. This of how the course will proceed. It is very motto is the vocation of the university and the similar to how teachers make syllabi. That teachers. same process is designing a curriculum. We have to start with the separating of the levels The Core Values from Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced. The core values of a university are the Some universities go further with their plan- values or the morality that leads the students to ning from Basic, Introductory, Pre-Intermediate, their personal goals and objectives that will Intermediate, Upper-Intermediate, Pre-Advanced, lead the students to their outcome and answer Advanced, and to Upper-Advanced. The their dreams. The core values must be listed teacher must not just think about the text but like the “Ten Commandments” for these values also consider about authentic materials such as are what make the foundation of the university. the newspapers, magazines, and the internet to These values are like a contract between the provide the students with “up to date” infor- school, the student, and the expectations of the mation. The classrooms must be well digital- parents. ly equipped for the teachers to use a variety of tools of technology to promote a welcoming The School Calendar Including environment for the students to learn. Academics ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 161
Academic Information should be set A good strategy would be to have the students without sudden changes. The students need to use all of their sensory senses to understand the balance their academic life with their private issue that is discussed in class such as using life. Many students work part-time and they their sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing, and in- need the flexibility to wisely schedule their cluding their sense to make predictions. time. Teachers usually use digital tools such as slides, DVDs, videos, and the internet to teach stu- Recreation Events: Contests & dents in a familiar setting. Teachers also ask for University Festivals responses and challenge the students’ way of Contests and festivals are very im- thinking through questioning or another style portant for they are not just a motivation insti- called the “Socratic Method” that is used in a gator but they promote competition amongst variety of universities in the United States. the students. The important factor is that stu- dents must feel comfortable. Teachers must Evidence - Based Teaching Strategies make sure that they are somehow teaching and The most important issue for students assisting the students with the knowledge to to be able to learn is to provide the students compete so that they can compete with each with first-hand experience through research, other for some sort of dream for example, a discussions, and debates. Students need to prize. That prize is connected to motivation. participate and practice to be able to acquire the knowledge that they are aiming for. In the Teaching Styles end, the whole purpose of a course is to find the Teaching styles are different with each class joy in the effort of the learning process. and there is no fixed style that can be tailored Therefore, a short or long study abroad pro- for “all” but a collection of styles should shift gram, international or domestic internships within a classroom to continue the student mo- (government and private sector), and domestic tivation. cultural volunteer work would provide the stu- dents with the apprentice experience which is Lecture the basis of Evidence – Based Teaching Strate- Lecture style is needed at times as a gies. direct approach but not used to bore the stu- dents to death. The lecture style should be Feedback used to instigate an issue, like an introduction, Feedback is one of the most important where the teacher provides the information to strategies to measure the student’s ability in the students but also allow the students to elab- acquiring what they have learned in the course. orate over the issue that is discussed in class. Some teachers prefer tests, quizzes, presenta- tions, and report papers at the end of the se- Active-Learning mester. Some teachers provide the students Active-learning consists of an active with quick assurance that everything is going approach of having the students lead the class. well while other teachers prefer keeping the ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 162 information as a form of suspense to prevent students must be able to find the joy in the the students from being unmotivated. Some process of learning. Some teachers make teachers like to motivate their students with a suggestions such as free learning sites on the question to ask how the students feel about internet or suggesting books to read for a their own work so that the student can evaluate life-time learning strategy to gain knowledge their own progress. In any case, the teachers for a life time. care and hope that the students can understand The reason why the traditional curric- with a mutual understanding. ula needed to be changed to fit civic and citi- zenship education is that the learning materials, Learning Environment such as using just textbooks, only contained a The learning environment is very one-sided view of the world. The students, important. Digital tools such as computers, today, need a wider spectrum of intelligence to slides, overhead projectors, video & DVD embrace ethical decisions when faced with fear players, CD players, television, and the internet and resentment on the internet and within life. must be a part of the facility or furnished Fear and resentment can trigger violence. “within” the classroom for the teachers to Then violence can trigger crime. Unfortu- freely use. Mobility in the classroom is an- nately, the internet contains too much violence other issue because some classes have the seat within the concept of freedom of speech. Ed- bolted into the classroom floor and those are ucators and governments have found that the for the Lecture Style but not for Active Learn- youth need to know that violence is not a solu- ing style. It is also not for Evidence - Based tion nor is it a resolution. Teaching Strategies either. Seats and desks Teachers also need to transform and must be mobile in every possible way to pro- expand their student’s views to see the interna- mote a comfortable and free atmosphere in the tional community as part of their local world. classroom for the teacher to make demonstra- To do this, teaching materials and resources tions so that the students can actively learn. must have an endless variety, in content, and a vast connection with all the communities of the After School Learning (Homework & world. Adding To The Inquiring Mind) Students will always come up and ask The Concept of Education in the 21st Cen- teachers about wanting to learn about some- tury: Global Diversity (Roekel, 2015)㸦7㸧 thing but they simply want to get more ideas of We have to rethink about the concept how the teacher learned themselves. Teachers of education. Education is not just passing should provide other activities that motivate the exams. As educators, we need to prepare the students to continue their learning. A study students with multicultural ethics so that the session, will initiate a place for the students to students could be enlightened to envision learn and do research while providing the stu- themselves as global citizens as we need to dents with another opportunity of learning share “the mother earth” we live upon. Let’s without grades or barriers of the teacher. The face it, she’s everybody’s mom and we are at ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 163
her natural beckoning. In a way, it is like needs must be met. Each student is a USB of Marvin Gaye’s question that was pointed out in knowledge. They need to be informed and be his song called “Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecolo- able to professionally strive to become active gy) where he sings “What’s going on?” citizens to assist and participate in their own Teachers will be needing assistance local community as well as participating as ac- and training to manipulate on-line learning tive global citizens. As USBs they will be strategies so the teachers will be comfortable able to share with other USBs all over the with the materials and resources. As teachers world. In a way, they are the “key” to the fu- we must understand that the students are al- ture. They are the “hope” in Pandora’s Box. ready on-line. The television was once the For example, Citizenship Education student “babysitter” for busy moms but, today, will then assure indigenous cultures to interna- the babysitter is the internet. This means we tionally provide knowledge so that the interna- have a vast interactional multimedia ability to tional community can provide a resolution to combine with the world on the internet. the problems that several cultures may be expe- Communities have a common good and the riencing. The point is to explore realities of students must able to discuss, investigate, rec- societies, appropriately making an assessment ognize, and internationally work with each oth- so that the students, at the same time, can un- er to find a “way” to prevent and resolve prob- derstand, inquire, and research to find the lems. The students need to know the rules of common good. Just as much there is a common society or the politics that surrounds and pro- bad there is a common good. The point is to tects us through legal rights. The students find that “common agreement” to resolve each need to be able to take the responsibility and challenge as a civic skill to understand the ne- just reach out with “accessing each other” cessity to accept global issues as an active while surfing the waves of the Web. global citizen with empathy and not apathy. The United Nations also supports this policy to prevent violations of human rights in What are civic skills? promoting youthful progress and prosperity, in An original definition of Civic skills ethical decision-making and prevention of vio- is the concept of critical-thinking skills. Crit- lence, under a united global value. In a way, ical-thinking skills consists of a variety of skills Citizenship Education is a tool to prevent apa- such as identifying an issue, describing it, ex- thetical terrorism to spread the universal empa- plaining it, analyzing it, discussing the process thy of diversity (“Priority #3”, 2006). to reach an outcome that will resolve the prob- Citizenship Education must be seen as lem. An example of critical-thinking skills a “de facto education” that will not just instruct would be the understanding of how democracy students with textbooks but also other materials is represented in legal issues such as court cas- or resources that will promote active civic es and how government agencies help the pop- training to enable linking the local with the in- ulation in need. Moreover, community ser- ternational communities. To do this the stu- vice is a good example of civic skills. Com- dents become a necessary element and their munity skills can be acquired by students vol- ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 164 unteering to work with NGOs, NPOs, 15. Analyzing the data for decision-making. non-governmental organizations, and partici- 16. Using the research data for a final report. pating in internships to promote active citizen- 17. The student has achieved in writing a high ship which is also a civic skill. standard thesis. In order for “Evidence-Based Professional 18. The student is well rated in their achieve- Learning” to actually work, we need to list the ments. following necessary strategies. The following 19. The student is actively eager to continue is a list of original Evidence-Based Profession- community work. al Learning Strategies based upon “The Aus- 20. The student achieves leadership. tralian Society For Evidence Based Teaching Strategies for Those Who Care About Student The list above was an original list of strate- Results” (Killian, 2015) : gies written by Hirona Matayoshi and based upon “The Australian Society For Evidence 1. Universities need to coincide with the local Based Teaching- Top 10 Evidence Based governmental and national education Teaching Strategies for Those Who Care About policy. Student Results”. 2. Class content goals need to be met. 3. Need to be up to date in content The following are original positive empathetic knowledge. keystone terms to give us a clear overview: 4. Professor uses progressive Effective Evi- 1. Local Environment learning dence-Based practices. 2. Comfortable Learning environment 5. Professor uses efficient time to achieve 3. Policy Application class content and goals. 4. Motivating Leadership 6. Instruction must contain active-learning by 5. Community Service Volunteer the students. 6. Resources, Data, and Documentation 7. Students, in groups, must cooperate in col- 7. Achievement in norms & values laborative discussion. 8. International Citizenship Awareness 8. Students must learn from collaborating with others, such as utilizing internships. The following are edited original negative apa- 9. Face-to-face and on-line collaborations to thetic keystone terms that may have been used find out what they have learned. in the 1940s during the Nazi Regime in Ger- 10. A continuation of a long-time project like many (Parker, 2014; p. 3): volunteer work. 11. Projects should be within the school year. 1. Authoritarianism 12. Getting feedback through analysis and re- 2. Militarism flecting. 3. Totalitarianism 13. Getting new and professional input from a 4. Hegemony variety of students, including teachers. 5. Racism 14.Collecting and evaluating data. (Parker, 2014, p. 3) ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 165
Hopefully, by comparing the two pos- one is left behind. itive and negative keystone lists, you may see The desegregation made sure that all how important standardized citizen education Americans whether they were Caucasian or and development can be. The concept of Cit- African American were given an equal oppor- izen Education is to protect the global demo- tunity to have a fact-to-face learning atmos- cratic way of life to prevent the victimization of phere established to be reinforced for the propaganda, in other words, wrong education. common good. Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.’s movement and support for the promotion The History of the African American of equality, liberty, and fraternity to bus the Af- Struggle in Civic and Citizen Education㸦8㸧 rican Americans into Caucasian schools was President John F. Kennedy once said, the demand of a common good in the American “It ought to be possible, for American students Educational policy so that the African Ameri- of any color to attend any public institution cans were no longer apathetically neglected. they select without having to be backed up by This was a movement of “Unus pro omnibus, troops.” omnes pro uno” which can be translated from (“10 Best quotes by John Kennedy”, 2013) Latin to English as “One for All, All for One.” However, that was back in history The American Civic Education policy when we had “superheroes”. Even today took a lot of effort to establish a foundation for there are racial conflicts that need to be educa- a solution to have a racial balance in schools so tionally solved. Unfortunately, in 2015, we that no child would be left behind. That solu- have found the grim reality that not all policies tion was the “Boston Busing Desegregation” can be perfect and we need revisions while we policy (Irons, 2015). It was a positive and will continue to widely educate liberty, frater- powerful policy to make sure that “No Student nity, and equality. Was Left Behind”. Racism had an apathetic Just recently on the news, on June 22, way to “not” allow certain students to attend 2015, a Caucasian man named Dylann Storm school. Therefore, the Civic Education made Roof (21years-old) shot and killed nine Afri- sure the African American students were bused can Americans in “The Emanuel African to school and placed into school with troops. Methodist Episcopal Church” in Charleston, Civic Education knew that sometimes the only South Carolina (“Charleston Bans Protests at way to fight against discrimination and apathy Funerals of Church Shooting Victims”, 2015). was to have empathy to force the apathy down The shooting took place because of a failure of the throats of racism itself. It is kind of like Civic and Citizen Education. Even today, the the “fur ball in the cat’s throat” analogy but United States is still dealing with civil rights reversed. In other words, the officials segre- issues that have still not yet been completely gated the racists and forced equality down their resolved. The suspect was a student who fell throats. The policy became an educational between the cracks. He was a high school legacy of equality at its best and that is what dropout and without a job (“Dylann Roof: the global citizenship education is all about. No cold stare of a killer with a history of drug ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 166 abuse and racism”, 2015). He was known by Headquarters (GHQ) set the policy for Citi- his friends, for his racial jokes and became de- zenship Education in Japan (Ikeno, 2005). lusional through the bad influence of Ironically speaking, the system was just like the self-education by reading radical racial su- Citizenship Education system that the United premacist views on an extremist homepage States used after the Vietnam War which was (Sandoval & Rosenberg, 2015). previously discussed. The shift was from Experienced The Apathetical Pedagogical Violence Based Education, during the war to an Abil- To get an insight of how bad it still is. ity-Oriented Education. The shift was to According to The Washington Post, hate groups acknowledge Japan as a whole country or na- are concentrated in the southern part of the tion to make sure that democracy was imbed- United States. Why do hate crimes happen? ded in the minds of the people (Ikeno, 2005). It seems that supremacists breed themselves, it The good thing about this system is that it did is not necessarily because of low economic quite well. We’ve got a good safe environ- standards, but because of a lack of civic and ment with tiny problems in our society and our citizen education. As for who are the victims, Ministry of Education made sure we could they are the minorities of the majorities. Ac- make a living in the cities and neon lights so cording to “The Washington Post”, African we can shop till we drop. The epitome of Americans experience the most of the hate democracy is materialism and capitalism which crimes. According to the Federal Bureau of made this country, Japan, great. The only Investigation (FBI) in 2012, out of every one problem was the original Citizenship Education million African Americans 50 have become somehow or another shifted toward Moral Ed- victims to a hate crime (Ingraham, 2015). ucation. The statistics are scary but they do shine upon the reality of why civic and citizen- Moral Education ship education is very important and that, at ͆Religion is like a pair of shoes ... Find one times, the education needs to be revised to that fits for you, but don't make me wear your make sure the minds of the young are not, in shoes.” any way, negatively influenced like the de- George Carlin (Carlin, 2015) ranged Dylann Storm Roof. We have now learned the history and People usually do not want to be the evolution from Civic and Citizen Education preached when it comes to morals. The prob- that evolved into Active Learning Education, lem with Moral Education is that “no one” can and reformed into to today's Effective Learning be a “genuine” example of a “true moral indi- Strategic Education. vidual” and it is very hard to set a standard when it comes to morals. Another point is Japan’s Future Shift in the National that according to the Japanese Constitution Ar- Education Policy㸦9㸧 ticle 20, religion has to be separated from the After World War II, the United States General “state” and the concept of “morals” has a very ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 167
religious connotation connected to it which can 1. Clarified goals be problematic to people who believe in the 2. Show and Sharing information Freedom of Religion that is guaranteed in the 3. Questioning to see if the student under- Constitution (Takeshita, p. 18). In other words, stood to provide you with a good analogy, it’s kind of 4. Use graphics to visualize like when a strange person comes up knocking 5. Practice and Feedback on your door and, out of the blue, starts 6. Time flexibility preaching to be the “standard moral of society” 7. Group work and your immediate response is to politely 8. Problem and content solving smile, but abruptly shut the door in the person’s 9. Making connections face. Well, that’s the reality about morality, (Killian, 2015) “no one is moral” and “no one can claim mo- rality”. Sometimes, morality can be really The funding of universities is another tediously annoyingly outdated and people usu- problem, in Japan. Some schools have a lack ally don’t want to hear preachers on their high of technology therefore are unable to acquire pedestals. the supplies for a complete effective approach. The point of Citizenship Education is In the United States, the Bill Gates Founda- not morality pushed into your face but the ac- tion is helping schools from a variety of back- ceptance in diversity. However thankfully, the grounds to bring them the equality of competi- old moral trend evolved, and Japan's Ministry tion by providing them funding to furnish the of Education is promoting Active Learning schools with up to date equipment (Bill & which does have a certain amount of diversity Melinda Gates Foundation, 2015). in consideration. Recently, the Japan’s Minis- try of Education did announce that private English Education in Japan㸦10㸧 schools could consider religion as a moral In Japan, a curriculum revolution is on its way. standard as long as religion is a separated as a The Japanese Ministry of Education just started course that can be chosen which very much with a new policy called “Global 30” to pro- represents freedom of choice and freedom of vide a network among universities to unite and religion (The Ministry of Education, Culture, establish courses that are taught only in English Sports, and Technology-Japan. ͆ࠕᚋࡢ㐨 (The Ministry of Education, “Global 30”, 2015). ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭ᐇ᪉⟇ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ሗ࿌㸧 They have just begun a genuine concept of “No 㹼᪂ࡋ࠸௦ࢆࠊேࡋ࡚ࡼࡾⰋࡃ⏕ࡁࡿ Child Left Behind For Active Global Citizen- ຊࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵ㹼ࠖ", 2013). The irony is ship” (Levine & Warren, 2015. Including the that the United States has already moved on to U.S. Department of Education, 2015). another civil policy which is a more effective The reason the Ministry of Education international approach. quickly maneuvered its new policy was be- cause of an embarrassing news article that What is Evidence-Based Teaching Strat- stated that the high school teachers couldn’t get egies? more than 550 on their TOEFL (PBT) score ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 168
(Motoyama ᮏᒣ, 2013) The irony is that the bother to teach reading or writing. The reality article was written in 2013 and yet even today, is that the high school teachers have given up the students, in Japan, are still not educationally and are neglecting to do their job. The reality equipped with the ability of the English Lan- is that these high school teachers should not guage. even get a license, in the first place, if they can’t achieve a 550 on their TOEFL score. The How did this happen? What’s Going problem is that this has to do with the prejudice On? and stereotypes. The prejudice and stereo- Many of the high schools, in Japan, typing is done by commercialization strategies were not educating the students according to like the analogy of the “moral standard preach- the Japan's Ministry of Education policy. er”. Of course, this commercialization or Therefore, many students who couldn’t get into propaganda annoys the teachers themselves the prestigious universities in Japan end up in because it is very discriminatory and unfair. non-prestigious universities. The Many English conversation schools spend time non-prestigious universities are stuck with ac- with falsifying advertisements like using the cepting students from correspondence (distant term “native-speakers” like an “old moral education) schools. The non-prestigious uni- standard” which neglects their own students versities are then faced with, the reality, that and the citizens of Japan in their future en- they have to teach students who are often illit- deavors as English speakers. Old moral erate in English. There seems to be a barrier standards are outdated and they are often a between good high schools and not so good contradiction that angers people and educators high schools (correspondence education). The who care about their students. Instead of al- good high school graduates go on to prestigious ienating with the so-called myth of “na- universities and are linguistically well educated. tive-speakers” it would rather be more produc- Whereas, the “not so prestigious” high schools tive to embrace the diversity which educators are centering their education to pass exams but should do. It is very unfair and this prejudice they are neglecting to teach the students Eng- is made by this form of false advertisement of lish. The reason is simply that the high school neglect. The concept of “native-speakers” is a teachers have a tendency to use “na- clear myth. English belongs to the world and tive-speakers” as an excuse for not teaching the English should not be a tool of discrimination students in English (Motoyama, 2013). and prejudice in the classroom but a tool for In Japan, “native-speakers” are used Global Citizenship. as kind of like the “baby-sitter” analogy that The reality is that the high schools or was discussed above. The Japanese teachers the correspondence education teachers are go- struggle with an inferiority complex in their ing to have to quickly learn to survive. The pronunciation and English capabilities. There- coming of age in Japan will change to 18 fore, the teachers feel uncertain when teaching years-old next year (“The Education Newspa- English conversation and end up teaching per”, 2015). When this happens all high schools grammar instead. Some of them do not even in Japan will be responsible for their students’ ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 169
education. The non-prestigious universities cab in the United States, you’ll be lucky if the have been ridiculed and labeled “F Rank” uni- cab driver speaks English. The real funny versities because their students were not well thing is that, somehow or another, you will al- educated in the high schools. They will also ways arrive at your destination. That’s the have to stop making excuses to neglect teach- reality of communication. Communication is ing the students who are physically and men- diverse. Humanity will always find a way. tally challenged. The author was surprised to Therefore, let’s not leave anyone behind. read the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Recently, according to the Asahi Digital Science, and Technology Japan article named, News, the Ministry of Education announced on ࠕ➨ 3 ❶ ㏻ಙไ㧗ᰯᏛࡪ⏕ᚐࡢ⌧≧ August 6, 2015, in commemoration of Hiro- ㄢ㢟ࠖ(Retrieved, 2015). The article was full shima Peace Memorial Day, that they will con- of excuses and didn’t even talk about the con- sider introducing Civic Education in the high tent of the curriculum. However, thankfully, schools. The Civic curriculum will consist of the ministry does acknowledge the problems three courses. The three courses are Modern with the correspondence schools. In a way, Society, Ethics, and Political Economy. maybe, these students need to be “bused” into Within Modern Society, the students will learn their original full-time schools in equality. about World History, Japanese History, and The high schools will sooner or later, in the Geography. Within Japanese History, the stu- near future, have to be “aware” that they will dents will be expected to learn about their iden- be labeled and listed on the internet as well. tity while in the Political Economics courses All the universities know which high school the students will be provided with the has a lack of determination. We can easily knowledge of consumer labor, and sovereignty make a list and checking it twice because we as well. The purpose is to make sure the stu- will find out who is naughty and nice. dents can develop as an independent work force Hopefully, in the future, the new Ef- in the future ( ᪂⛉┠ࠕබඹࠖࠊ⮬Ẹᥦゝἢ fective Strategies such as Evidence-Based ࠺ ᩍ⫱⌧ሙࡣᠱᛕࡶ, Retrieved: 2015). Practice will promote the concept of “World English” and dissolve the inferiority complex Kaichi International University㸦11㸧 of the Japanese English teachers to bring forth Our university is thankfully going a sense of global diversity so that “all of us” through an educational change. We edited the can realize that “no one” is a “native” English curriculum, keeping in mind, that some of the speaker because “everyone” is an English university students needed to be tested for speaker. English belongs to “everyone” who placement in different leveled English courses. speaks it. This goes right back to the “One for We separated the levels into Beginners, Inter- All, All for One” analogy. mediate, and Advanced Levels. The four English is an equal opportunity. No skills (Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writ- “one” should be neglected and teachers ing) were also separated the levels which is shouldn’t depend so much on a mythical “ex- equivalent to that of the best universities in Ja- cuse” called “Native-speaker”. If you catch a pan. We made the placement test to test the ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 170 student's level of English proficiency and sepa- They can have simple conversations. They rated them according to their levels but the may not be great but they learned and that problem was deeper. The test didn't test the means everything. writing skills. Therefore, we went right back We are continuing the struggle to to the drawing board to add another section to have the students catch up with the best effort test to be able to evaluate writing skills with an possible but I'm sure we will prevail. essay. Once we tested whether they could Conclusion read or write we also found that there was the As you may see, nothing has really factor of chance. Yes, out of four choices, changed, in the education policies, but the “cut- some of the students were gifted with the for- ting-edge” of Civic and Citizen Education has tunate ͆25% lucky chance of the power of become a clear mission for all educators around guessing". Some of the students were guess- the world. We as educators have the history ing the correct answers which led to the student of all the techniques that are old and new. misplacement. Luckily, the essay question we Sometimes, we have to stop the preaching and used to test writing skills, pretty much, cleared learn to embrace diversity so we can learn from the problem. However, we still have to check each other in global governance. However for the essays one by one to judge the placement educational policies to work, governments who for each of the students. make the policies, must make checks & bal- Some of the students have problems ances to see whether “all” high schools are liv- reading. This is the unfortunate reality and ing up to the policy standards to fit public af- evidence that the correspondence high schools fairs. The universities are doing their best but are not following the Ministry of Education's we need the back up from all of the high policy and standards. Hopefully, in the future, schools. The whole point of any educational the Ministry would find a way to check if all policy is to make sure not one student is left the high schools are putting a “real” effort not behind in apathy. Each level in the curriculum to leave any student behind. Therefore, if Ac- must lead to another level to accomplish high tive Learning is a necessary norm or civil poli- standards in education and citizenship. To do cy then the high schools must be pushed to fol- so, we need to give the students an equal op- low as “One for All, All for One” as well. portunity at our best. We started Active Learning last year. Today, with the cooperation of all the English “Unus pro omnibus, omens pro uno” teachers, the students are continuing to catch up “All for One, One for All”. in all four skills of English. We are very grateful for these English teachers who assisted Notes our students and for not giving up but continu- (1) The author, Hirona Matayoshi 㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧, ing in their effort and diligence to provide the has done extensive research on the Ryukyuan Kingdom Curriculum that was published in The students with the equal opportunity. Our sec- Journal of Rikkyo University Language Center ond year students can read and write in English. in 2005. The title of the article was “Societal ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛‒″⁞⁛⁗⁖‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒‷⁘⁘⁗⁕⁛⁗‒‾⁗⁓⁛⁙‒⁂⁗⁖⁓⁙⁙⁛⁕⁓⁞‒⁅⁓⁗⁙⁛⁗‒⁓⁖‒ ‒ ‵⁛⁕⁞ ‒‶⁗⁛⁙‒ 171
Bilingualism – A Historical Linguistical Cur- eties. Effective Learning Strategies (Evi- ricular Contribution” pp. 55-65. The author dence-based Practices) will provide the students also coined the term “Linguistical” in the article in the survival skills by learning about being a by publishing it. The research is based upon member and a powerful voice within a commu- old records of the bilingual education that took nity. This is what Global Citizenship is about. place during the Ryukyu Kingdom. The edu- cation system educated both the wealthy and (8) If an educational system is unfair then problems the poor in equality. In a way, we may see it arise. This is why Global Citizenship Educa- might have been at least one of beginnings of tion within Effective Learning Strategies is civic education. necessary. The Evidence-based Practices are an answer to mutual communication through a (2) Based upon the book written by Dr. Benjamin global understanding that we share this mother Spock called, “Baby and Childcare”. Dr. earth to prevent conflict. Spock’s book was a household manual for civic education all over the world back in the 60s and (9) Japan has just started with the promotion of 70s. The author’s parents had the original Active-Learning. However, we need to English version in the bookcase. Later in life, quickly adjust to the new movement as a jour- while reading the book, the author found her ney. Many of the prestigious universities are parent’s notes verifying that they used the participating in the “Global 30” policy where manual to educate her through Dr. Spock’s cur- all of their classes are done in English to pro- riculum. mote Global Citizenship. In the future, the author is very eagerly waiting for all schools to (3) Based upon the author’s research in curriculum have a form of real bilingual education where planning scheme and adapting it into the new we as citizens of the world would be able to es- curriculum being introduced in this article. tablish a bridge without barriers to establish mutual cross-cultural understanding. (4) Curriculum development is very difficult. The whole purpose is to be able to plan ahead and to (10) However, there are problems that need to be see the whole process with a clear vision of the faced with. In television commercials and future. posters on the train, we are constantly bom- barded with advertisements about learning from (5) As the reader can see in the article, planning a native-speakers and how we should yearn to curriculum is like a flow chart of things and become native-speakers. In a way, this adver- goals that need to be met. Therefore, depend- tisement propaganda is very much false. The ing upon one strategy is not a good idea. Per- students are not yearning to become foreign na- sonalities vary and so do students. Therefore, tionals. They look up to Japanese nationals the old Active-Learning was good for promot- who have an equal stance with the global ing participation and motivation but not neces- community. Majority of the students simply sarily educationally informative. Depending want to learn because they have an image of upon the subject being learned, students need to themselves becoming bilingual. They want to be lectured sometimes. Education is not just keep their identity and not throw it away. To fun and games it has to be reinforced. give the reader a better understanding. Girls are given blonde Barbie dolls to look up to. (6) Effective Learning Strategies, on the other hand, Boys are expected to look up to Clark Kent in uses all of the educator experience to guide the Superman. The author prefers her old “Licca students to be good citizens in our communities. doll” with dark and sometimes black hair since The strategy itself must adapt to all students to that is the hair she has. The author became bi- provide them with an equal opportunity. lingual not because of Barbie but because her role-model looked a lot like her. Licca may be (7) Civic Education is a necessary norm in all soci- bicultural but she’s bilingual and a Japanese na- ≌ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ 15 ӭ≋2016ܖٻᨥ 172
tional which is a symbol of what many of the me wear your shoes.” (2015) Goodreads Inc. 2015. students feel comfortable with. She represents Retrieved: July 1, 2015. all cultures including us. http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/98029-religion-is -like-a-pair-of-shoes-find-one-that-fits (11)The author will continue her research at Kaichi International University. Her plans are to Carson, Emmett D (2014). “Foundations and the overview the curriculum change in the univer- Fallacy of a Post-Racial America: African American sity since we have just begun the shift toward Men and Civic Engagement”. Clinton School of Active-Learning. The author plans to publish Public Service University of Arkansas. March 2014. an article next year, again, to review our pro- Retrieved: July 1, 2015. gression toward the future toward Global Citi- http://www.abfe.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Fo zenship Education. unda- da- References tions-and-the-Fallacy-of-a-Post-Racial-America.pdf #search='American+civic+education+racial+issues' Ambühler, Reto (2015). “Information about Edu- cation in Switzerland”. Swiss Federal Institute of “Charleston Bans Protests at Funerals of Church Technology Zurich. August 3, 2015. Retrieved: Shooting Victims” (2015). Associated Press, June September 14, 2015. 23, 2015. Retrieved, July 1, 2015. http://www.about.ch/education/index.html http://time.com/3933146/charleston-church-shootin g-protests-funeral/ ͆American Experience TV’s Most-Watched His- tory Series – The Kennedys” (2015). U.S. Corpo- ͆Citizen Education in Europe” (2012). Education, ration for Public Broadcasting. Retrieved: July Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. May 1, 2015. 2012. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/featur http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/docum es/general-article/kennedys-and-civil-rights/ ents/thematic_reports/139EN.pdf#search='citizen+e ducation' Barnes, Burt (1998). “Pediatrician Benjamin Spock Dies”. The Washington Post. March 17, ͆Civics and Citizenship Education - A National 1998. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. Education Goal, Formal Instruction, The Informal http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/ca Curriculum, Concerns And Issues, Improving Civic mpaigns/junkie/links/spock.htm Education” (2015). State University.com. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. Bell, Mike (2015). “A Case for evidence based http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1831/Civi teaching.” YouTube. Retrieved July 1, 2015. cs-Citizenship-Education.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4eiIPA8ZcM ͆Civics Education Initiative – 100 Facts Every ͆Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - A Call For High School Student Should Know” (2015). Civics Global Citizens”. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Education Initiative Foundation. Retrieved: July (2015). Retrieved: July 1, 2015. 1, 2015. http://www.gatesfoundation.org/ http://civicseducationinitiative.com/faq/
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ԓ∝૰إ ‒≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ Sociolinguistics: A Linguistic Analysis of the Era of Violence in African American Spirituals, Jazz, & Blues - Civil Action and Effective Citizenship
Education through the Language War 1 Matayoshi, Hirona 㸦ཪྜྷᘯ㑣㸧 This paper is a linguistic critical analysis by reflecting upon Robin Tolmach Lakoff’s sociolinguistic analysis within her brilliant understanding of linguistics in her book, “The Language War”. She portrays her understanding of linguistics though current events in time. She discusses about how politics and the people are entwined within the “Language War”. Although her book was written in the year 2000, we are continuing her theory. We will add new current event issues to her theory while reflecting along with her book. According to Professor Lakoff, the purpose of linguistics is to translate and interpret the meanings of events for the next generation. Therefore, the writer of this article will follow Professor Lakoff’s strategies while explaining past issues toward recent issues that are occurring in the news so we can understand the meaning of the “Language War”. We must first look at the “Language War” in the testimony of violence within African American Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals. African American Blues, Jazz, and
Spirituals are historical voices, resources, databases of witnesses, and victims of the past. These voices screamed out the inequality of generations. In a way, they are still surviving a "Language War" even today. They screamed for help in protest and yet due to those who perpetuated the violence of segregation, intimidation, and discrimination that took place, “no one” could help them but continued to avoid the problem. It was as if they were absent apathetic by- standers in denial and neglect. The reason is because prejudice and bigotry became the thorn of evil stuck in between the heart of empathy to produce apathy. Those who perpetuated violence under the power of mass persuasion acted in collective behavior. To understand the meanings and the backgrounds of many of these exquisitely deep profound lyrics or language of Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals, we must also understand the history of what happened to the African
Americans. The United States is often viewed as a melting pot due to the history of the settlers who were faced with the difficulties in assimilating into the European society. However, these same apathetic amnesiac settlers then colo- nized the American Indians and their land to build what they thought was a paradise with slavery. Professor Robin ‒‒ Tolmach Lakoff, coined the process of what America was caught up in as the “Language War”. In this “Language War”, no one understood the cycle of harassment which just continued like a domestic violence. According to Profes- sor Lakoff, the “Language War” triggered the importance of the civil rights movement in the late 60s. Out of the blues came forth a muse. Her name was Billie Holiday. This report is also to acknowledge the 100th year com- memoration of the memory of Billie Holiday for the power of her voice gave birth to civil action that fought that Lan- guage War.
ääääääääääääääääääääää Keywords äääääääääääääääääääää Sociolinguistic, Civil Action, Effective Citizenship Education, Linguistic Analysis, Language War
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Introduction same time they also sacrificed the indigenous An original definition of a "Language people's human rights for their own freedom. War" is the conflict of political communication The European explorers destroyed the indigenous in other words excuses for hate crimes. It is a people through using biological warfare such as conflict of those who “belong” and those who are small pox infested blankets (“The Story Of … labeled “foreign”. This labeling of "foreign- Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs”, ness" or "differences" is a form of shaping public 2005). They may have been ignorant of the attitudes like a form of propaganda to concept of “disease or epidemics” but then when acknowledge an excuse for mass mob violence they found the power as a source for “alienation”, and abuse. It is more psychologically violent they used the epidemic in the form of “deceased than any other biological war for it is an overall blankets” to destroy a civilization. They did it abuse that lasts for generations damaging the to gain the dream of political power to control. foundations of humanity’s existence not just Language Wars are not just blows to your face as physically but mentally. (2) a violent reaction but it is a loss of communica- The “Language Wars” destroy cultures in tion in historical amnesia. This amnesia shines order to build their culture upon another by ne- a morbid glow of inequality which has been a glecting another. In a way it is also a linguistic constant issue that has never been solved since colonialization. This sacrifice is always used as the beginning of time. (4) an excuse or a form of amnesia. It is very simi- lar to how people claim to be a certain religion The fruit of the knowledge of good and like calling themselves "Christians". However, evil in the same breathe, instead of following the “If there’s any interaction between genes and philosophy of turning the other cheek, they fall languages, it is often Languages that influence into a convenient amnesia and forget all their genes, since linguistic differences between popu- philosophies with the doctrines like the Crusades. lations lessen the chance of genetic exchange In result, they murdered under a fake new phi- between them.” losophy by using their own god's name as an ex- cuse. This is what a Language War is all about. – Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. (5) They labeled and killed under the excuse by us- (Sforza, Goodreads, 2015) ing God's name in vain. They completely went through a convenient amnesia and forgot the Ten According to the geneticist, Luigi Luca Commandments of "Though shall not kill" Cavalli-Sforza, humanity started in Africa with a (“Catechism of the Catholic Church”, Exodus 20 single woman who had a gene called “mitochon- 2-17). (3) dria”. She was named “Mitochondrial Eve”. World history is still based upon that vi- Her daughters bore more children, in repetition, olence. The dreams and expectations to find a generations of the descendants of Eve then made paradise of freedom and equality as if a religion civilization as we know now. Even now her or as the engine that moved the pioneers to es- blood line still continues to flourish. Her blood cape, to find other green pastures, and yet at the line traveled and passed down to every woman ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 181
on earth. She became the great ancestor of all women. The Mitochondria DNA is only passed Professor Lakoff discusses about how the through women and not through men. Thus, the Language War began though mythology. The so called "Adam" line has been broken (Lewin, biblical story of "The Tower of Babel" written in pp.54-55). the “Old Testament”, best represents the begin- Referring back to the Luigi Luca Caval- ning of the Language Wars. According to the li-Sforza’s quote, we are related to the almighty story, humanity all spoke the same language. “Grandma Eve”, in our blood, we carry the mi- Unfortunately, humanity had the bad idea to try tochondria of centuries which means, we are a to communicate with the big man upstairs, data base or a USB memory stick of Eve's history “God”. Well, humanity continuing its bad idea, or “her-story”. Those genes are codes or lan- started building this huge communication tower guages. When you think about it, she was a until one day, God looked over his shoulder most great woman, in a way, for she may have been likely in retaliation remarking, "No way". God the holy womb and “holy grail” that passed down destroyed the tower and dispersed those who the beauty and symmetry of the double helix of built the thing in the first place (Knight, Genesis genetics. Our body cells remember her for she 11:9). When he did this the Language War be- is still in our genetic building blocks. Our ge- gan. Instead of one language he brought forth netics or tree of life is like a ladder that was made the complete linguistic chaos on earth. In other for us to be established in her form like a copied words, all hell broke loose. Again, this is the manuscript. Of course she is the only specimen Christian God of turning the other cheek while at that genetics have found and that there were the same time not acknowledging his own chil- probably others or copied manuscripts just like dren as his own by labeling them “different”, her. Unfortunately, humanity has a brain that “strange”, or “foreign”. has a tendency to forget very quickly by labeling According to Dante's "Divine Comedy", and classifying differences even though we are he uses Pope Gregory the Great’s sixth century basically from one big family. Human's strug- definition of the Seven Deadly Sins to express gle with this racial amnesia somehow, led us to the concept of hell (“The Seven Deadly Sins”, forget our origin in Africa. It is like how Pro- 2001) . The legend about the Tower of Babel de- fessor Lakoff mentioned about the lineage of po- scribes a God who was portrayed as “the dude” litical correctness leading us to the civil rights who contradicted himself. This is the God who movement through a war of words that has been committed several of the seven deadly sins such imbedded into our DNA for us to interpret and as "greed" to keep power, control when he read between the lines. looked over his shoulder, "jealous" was when God found the people built the tower, "pride" the The Origin of The Language Wars (6) sarcasm of God thinking “No way”, and God “Those who can make you believe absurdities, himself expressed his "wrath" by destroying the can make you commit atrocities.” tower to disperse humanity in revenge in retalia- -Voltaire tion. In a way, this story represents how perse- (Voltaire, Goodreads, 2015) cution began by the dividing of languages and ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 182 the division of ethnic groups. Ironically, perse- ground, and to overcome their mental trauma. cution, segregation, and apartheid originated in In the end, they were able to heal their physical the bible or the “Old Testament”. and psychological wounds through their souls According to this myth or mythology, and blues. This is how the music of spirituals, our languages separated and provided us with a blues, and jazz began. It all began through sor- wall between our own family members in segre- row and civil duty to make others aware that they gation. Wars and conflicts under the concept of were not alone. In a way, it was a form of Citi- greed brought forth and dug a gigantic chasm zenship Education. According to Professor between humanity to build battlements within Lakoff, language is more than words for these civilization to exclude another from another. In words are worth fighting for and that is what civil a way, the Language Wars became an excuse action is all about. under a self-made amnesia to protect the unique- ness from the so called label of "evil foreign- The Power of Civil Action (7) ness". This concept was also mentioned in What did Professor Lakoff mean? The Professor Lakoff’s book about dismissing or the best quote that provides the reader a preview of alienation of the female gender. the "Harlem Renaissance" and an insight into the Before 1865 the so called "privileged" or problems with “racial amnesia”, would be the the slave owners kidnapped the ancestors of to- magnificent African American activist and poet day's African Americans and enslaved them un- Langston Hughes (Earle, pp. 118-123). The der this concept of the “protecting of uniqueness” following is his quote: began with prejudice and segregation (Earle, pp. 66). Some of the slaves were "allowed" to go to I swear to the Lord I still can't see church. The reason why quotations are used is Why democracy means Everybody but me. for us to see the inequality that took place at the -Langston Hughes time where human rights were ignored and peo- (Hughes, 2015) ple were "allowed" to have a spiritual moment in their lives. They were also “allowed” to sing His quote triggered the idea of question- but not in their traditional African beat, rhythm, ing the civic system of the society of that time. and song. They were allowed into the church to This later led to civil action to promote and pro- learn the "white man's" way of life and so they tect the civil rights movement for not just all would “conform” to their “owners”. In other Americans but for all citizens of the world. words, they were educated to submit under cap- Students were given the equal opportunity to tivity. To override this difficult situation, the study in an equal atmosphere to pursue their hap- African Americans quickly learned to use the piness under the Constitution of the United States church meetings to their advantage. They be- of America. African American students were gan singing about their daily life to send out bused into Caucasian schools for the opportunity messages and inspire empathy with others. In of equality under democracy. the process they could escape from their hard- The Civil Rights Act for African Ameri- ships, establish a group or collective therapeutic cans in the United States was enacted in 1964. ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 183
The act banned segregation in education (Earle, that we refer to as the “linguistic markedness”. pp. 112). Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. in- Billie Holiday sang about that reality. She sang fluenced President Lyndon Johnson to act quick- of resistance and resilience. Her most famous ly to support and the African Americans fought song was "Strange Fruit". She wasn't just sing- for their right to vote with the Voting Rights Act ing about the hardships of being African descent in 1965 (Earle, pp. 113). This is what Professor and slavery but she sang about the outcome of Lakoff meant. Eve's children. She sang it in didactic agitation. She was literally and poetically opening “Pan- The Voice of Civil Action: dora's Box” with her vocal crowbar. She wanted The 100 Year Commemoration of The to let all the evils out including everything be- Memory of Billie Holiday (8) cause she was yearning for that last moment of If humanity's Grandma Eve (used as a “hope”. metaphor) were here today, we can wonder and ponder for an answer or may be an apology for "One day a whole damn song fell into place in we can be sure she would have tears in her eyes my head." to see what we have become. Her grandchil- -Billie Holiday dren are struggling today. She passed her mi- (Holiday, “Brainy Quote”, 2015) tochondria to her following generations with all the expectations of survival, dreams for the hope The following lyrics are from a famous of green pastures, and yet her grandchildren historical reality of violence toward minorities or haven't quite got her message. It is a form of indigenous people. The genre of this song is amnesia. Have we answered her dreams? Not Blues. The song was written by Abel Meeropol yet, but we are still trying to pass down her mes- also known by his pen name Lewis Allan and sage or “her-story”. Billie Holiday had Moth- sung by Billie Holiday (Holiday, Billie. “Billie er's Eve's (referring to Adam and Eve) blues and Holiday” CD lyric card). she was good at spreading the word throughout the world. She took her civil duty quite seri- The Blues (9) ously and she learned about the power of the mu- "Strange Fruit" sic media and like what Professor Lakoff dis- cusses about within the Languages Wars that it is Southern trees bear a strange fruit, necessary to maintain the equality within the sta- Blood on the leaves and blood on the root, tus quo. Billie Holiday was not just maintaining Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze, the status quo but she was a “Joan of Arc” in re- Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees. taliation to awaken the minds of the following generations. Pastoral scene of the gallant south, In a way, using Lakoff’s interpretation The bulging eyes and twisted mouth, of the times, Billie Holiday was one of the muses Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh, for the Harlem Renaissance (Earle, pp. 120). Then the sudden smell of burning flesh. According to Professor Lakoff, there is a reality ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 184
Here is fruit for the crows to pluck, who were murdered. It is an epigram which For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, deals with satire. We can see as if watching it For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop, on the news or on film. Here is a strange and bitter crop. Each poetic device is within this one sin- gle song. It is a master piece of poetic antholo- (Holiday, Billie. “Billie Holiday” CD lyric gy. Let's look at the lyrics, again. We will card). first count the Rhyme by using the alphabet then we will dissect each poetic literary art that was These were people with names and fami- used to produce such profound excellence of the lies who were forced to their deaths by the ugly Harlem Renaissance. reality of prejudice, racism, fear politics, wrong education (propaganda), and the government at "Strange Fruit" the time was responsible for these wrongful deaths. The duty of the government, according Southern trees bear a strange fruit, (a) to the Constitution of life, liberty, and the pursuit Blood on the leaves and blood on the root, (a) of happiness, was to provide the people with an Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze, (b) equal environment of happiness but failed to do Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees. (b) so. The voice of this song is so beautiful and yet so eerie. The song is a haunting image that Pastoral scene of the gallant south, (c) gradually dawns upon you to become a surreal The bulging eyes and twisted mouth, (c) vision representing the meaning of the "Blues". Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh, (d) As you may see the power of the voice, Then the sudden smell of burning flesh. (d) in the words, are beyond the sound. Without even knowing the song just by reading it or de- Here is fruit for the crows to pluck, (e) coding the emotions within the words we can get For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, (e) a clear picture of what was going on. For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop, (f) "Strange Fruit" was an allegory of life Here is a strange and bitter crop. (f) of the oppressed and the sins of the oppressors. It is a clear lesson of horror. It is the horror of The Rhyme count is aabb, ccdd, eeff. the outcome of Eve's grandchildren. The genre Therefore, it is neither an “Italian sonnet” nor a was "Blues" but it was sung as ballad or a story. “Shakespearean sonnet” but an original ac- In a way, it is an autobiography or a biography of ceptance of both which conveys the didactic the author and many others who have been vic- message to the reader and listener. It represents timized. The song contains an eerie sense of an understanding of humanity as one. It was resilient anger with a pursuit for justice. Each written so that anyone could remember the words word has a connotation connected to it which and easily to reproduce the song, in repetition, to reflects negative vibrations to the soul of blues. spread the word. It was very much like a hymn, Each word was clearly chosen to represent that chant, or prayer from a psalm. anger in denotation. It is also an elegy for those ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 185
Unfortunately, it is still not clear whether Thus, in terms who wrote the song or is not really Abel Meeropol, actually wrote the lyrics alone an issue. However, it would be a justice to say since there have been other sources who claim a both of them wrote it and "God bless their souls". different story. However, in a way, due to the Let’s dissect the song to see the Blues. historical language war in the United States, Meeropol needed to be the writer. He was an We can also see the Assonance in the lyrics: English teacher and songwriter. If it wasn’t then Billie Holiday would be in danger. More- "Strange Fruit" over, we also have to understand that Meeropol was of Jewish background. Therefore, he un- "Southern trees bear a strange fruit," derstood discrimination and he also must have been as frustrated with the inequalities through The constant sound of "s" is like the his own experience in life and in history (Moore, hushing sound of “sh” like the snake in Eden 2010). protecting the fruit of good and evil. The sound Nonetheless, Abel Meeropol used the "s" is the sound of the snake communicating a pen name, "Lewis Allen", to distance and protect secret. The secret holds the truth. In this case, himself, so he wouldn't be seen as an “outsider” the truth is the witnessing of an evil of murder. and a “foreigner”. Therefore, we can see how The song begins with a faraway vision of some- dangerous it was for both of them. In a way, we thing harmless but something to fear for the fruit can presume that Meeropol was not just protect- is not normal but "strange". ing himself but he, also willingly, protected Billie Holiday. Just the thought of that would bring "Blood on the leaves and blood on the root," tears to anyone's eyes. He was a true "man". He was one of the many sons of Grandma Eve. He The constant sound of "bl" and "oo" ap- was also a great linguist who not just taught Eng- pears to represent the sadness in the movement of lish and wrote songs but he fought for civil the mouth when these words are pronounced. It rights. He fought for Billie Holiday which is also very difficult to pronounce like an intimi- means he fought for everybody (Moore, 2010). dation for trees do not have blood and yet the Billie Holiday gave the song life. She root is personified to have blood like it was a provide the song with even more passion of re- living human being. The word "leaves" repre- sistance and resilience, in protest, for "Strange sents the leaves on the tree but also represents the Fruit" was definitely an ultimate weapon as a criminals “leaving”. Theoretically, we can im- Linguistic Resistance to not just to support the agine the criminals were covered with the antag- African Americans but to support all who have onist's blood when they were leaving and the been victims of the Language War even today. blood was smeared on the “leaves of the trees” On the other hand, it was essential at the time, to including the “blood pool” that was left on the share the burden for that sharing of empathy for a roots. The word "roots" has two meanings. cause made sure we can listen and read the ex- One meaning is “the roots” of a tree or a plant cellence of the singer Billie Holiday, today. but also “the roots” of humanity or DNA. Just ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 186 by reading this phrase we have become witnesses glect, ostracized, foreignness, scapegoated, and to a crime. labeled with stereotypical prejudice for the fruit was a human being. This evil came from the "Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze," concept of “white supremacy” that took place at the time. White supremacy was the political This phrase is a clear descriptive state- agenda that was led by propaganda by those who ment representing the African Americans who claim to be Christian like the Crusade. The were hung by the neck in the deep southern part mental bite that the reader takes from the fruit of the United States. The Deep South still has leaves us with the bitter taste of evil and the dou- racial problems or amnesia. The historical ble standard of the so called church goers of that remnants of the 1862 Confederate army that later time in the United States. evolved into the Klu Klux Klan could be defined The people who killed the African as a terroristic organization that still causes Americans, like a “witch hunt”, claimed to be in problems today (Earle, 2000). They are still search of salvation. They had families and yet very powerful in these areas. The old Confed- due to prejudice, bigotry, and predetermined erate states are still considered the “deep south” mentality of evil they murdered by their own ge- and they are still notoriously prejudice areas of netic brothers according to the geneticist, Luigi the United States. As you can see again, the "s" Luca Cavalli-Sforza. When we look at genetics it appears to represent the snake that protected the is really sad since originally we were born from fruit knowledge of good and evil. The imagery the same mother who passed down her mito- is very vivid with the southern cruel fragrance of chondria to all women on earth. All of us death, and murder can be smelled throughout this women are copies of Mitochondrial Eve. one line. The words "southern breeze" is satiri- cal, sarcastic, and yet represents the melancholy "Pastoral scene of the gallant south," and mourning of how life can be taken away by a breeze. In other words, the horror of public The word "Pastoral" fits in quite ironi- mob mood swings could make anyone a victim. cally with excellent satirical poise. The word, “Pastoral” provides the reader with a serene pu- "Strange fruit hanging from the popular trees." rity of a rural country side on one side which blinds the reader and listener to neglect what is The personified satire is used by repre- really happening in the “not so pure” reality of senting the bodies as fruit. The “Strange Fruit” horror. The term "gallant" is supposed to rep- could be considered as representing the bible resent the good and the brave but in fact the so story of Adam and Eve taking the bite out of the called good and brave Christians, at the time, fruit of the knowledge of good and evil. The were the murderers. They lynched and mur- “Fruit” itself is not evil but the fact that the per- dered innocent African Americans for selfish sonification of the fruit being hanged by another political reasons as a language war. It is the person as a “strange fruit” is the evil. The imagery of good that is depicted and portrayed “strange” is the representation of alienation, ne- ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 187
yet we know that this view is a form of amnesia word “scent” but changed the word to “smell” being forced upon you. which the reader can imagine the smell by their own personal experience. The author has "The bulging eyes and twisted mouth," awakened our sense of smell for it is the smell of “trouble”. It is like an SOS that represents, The descriptions of the dead bodies pro- “Save Our Souls”. vides the reader with the horror of the reality of the twisted mentality of those who murdered and "Here is fruit for the crows to pluck," terrorized. The reader can see a forbidden scene that no news program would ever dare show the Meanwhile, at the crime scene the crows viewers. It is the view of the guilt, in hell, and or police officers or maybe the criminal them- yet it is covered with the amnesiac pastoral sce- selves are mutilating the bodies. This phrase ne. represents the tar and feathering torture that was a notorious way that the Klu Klux Klan often "Scent of sweat magnolias, sweet and fresh." performed upon their victims (Jeffries, 2007).
The scent or fragrance of magnolias are "For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck," not fresh nor are they sweet but very distinctively strong. The scent is more like a punch in the face. The victims were left without proper The concept of this strong scent of magnolias burial. This represents the sadness of the vic- represents the cover-up of crime or the negli- tims who were used and abused. gence that took place. It also represents how people can always neglect a crime without con- "For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop," cern the following day. Bystanders quickly forget like experiencing amnesia. Their silent witnesses who didn't inter- vene were the sun and the trees who continued to "Then the sudden smell of burning flesh." perpetuate the abuse with nature erasing the real- ity of the violence. However, the sadness is that The lynching that took place, at the time, nature's child was being victimized and Mother were beyond comprehension. It was a mob Earth couldn't protect her offspring. The word harassment of torture and violence. Tarring and "drop" can be interpreted as dropping the bodies feathering were used as a public humiliation but it can also be seen as another personification spectacle by using heated tar or asphalt which is as the trees or nature dropping their heads in similar to petroleum or gasoline poured upon the apology and devastation for nature couldn’t do victim. The feathers were used like a wick of a anything. Mitochondrial Eve or Mother Nature candle that would ignite. The victims were lit- was watching her own children in sadness. erally burned alive in the sun and the breeze that would add oxygen into the flame. As you can "Here is a strange and bitter crop." see the in the previous line, the author used the ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 188
The last phrase represents how prejudice To understand how Billie Holiday was and bigotry can mistreat another by not evening made to sing this song is to understand her ge- admitting to their own humanity by referring to netics. She was brought up by singing Spiritu- them as a “strange fruit” which is like a labeling als in church. another person as “foreign” or even a “crop”. Spirituals are songs that originated in In a way, the “strange fruit” is the representation Africa. Africa is where Apartheid or segrega- of an “outcast”. The word "bitter" means the tion all began. People were classified under bitter reality where the “strange crop” is not nec- labels of "foreignness" so that the so called essarily the dead but also those perpetrators who Christians could enslave, use, and abuse Africans are the “real strange and bitter crop” for they as slaves before 1865 (“African American Spir- murdered in cold blood because of hate. This ituals, 2001). Apartheid continued until 1994 provides the reader with the bitter reality that evil (“The End of Apartheid”, 2009). Professor does not come from an external source but from Lakoff viewed this cry of soul as a linguistic hu- the cruel and negligence of humanity. Human- man rights movement. ity can easily look away or avoid when they are faced with seeing horror as if experiencing some Personal Reflections of History in the 90s. sort of amnesia but if this was you, would you still look away? “You better watch out, there’s a stranger in The violence, at the time, came from hate town.” crimes and these hate crimes were not dealt with By The band TOTO (Retrieved, 2015). but pushed and covered under a thin carpet of apathetic neglect to refrain from realizing that no To provide the reader with a deeper un- one is better than the other. Humanity came derstanding of what a Language War is all about from one mother. This ironic “bitter crop” or and why we should read Professor’s Lakoff’s perpetrators were also the children of Eve too. book, is to look into history. In 1992, the author They murdered their own relatives. That is the of the article, Hirona Matayoshi, was in college sadness and the bitter fragrance that is left with at time. She remembers her dorm mates (dor- the reader after we read these surreally magnifi- mies) who were African American pointing to cently maleficent lyrics of history opened before the television, in the common room of her dorm. our eyes. It is the horror of the "The Heart of They were calmly watching the television while Darkness". The color of skin is not an issue for the rest of us from a variety of cultures and na- we are all human. We can see our own evil in tionalities began to gather, in the common, room the lyrics. If you have a chance to listen to Bil- with concern. The news program was a live lie Holiday's "Strange Fruit" you can actually coverage of Rodney King being lynched by hear her cry in every note. It is a master piece Caucasian police officers (Garner, 2012). We of pure Blues. If you do have racial amnesia, all sat in front of the television devastated to see hopefully it will wake you up so you will have violence live in front of our eyes. We sat there time to close the lid of Pandora’s Box. in diversity. On the television, we watched live footage of riots throughout the United States, ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 189
mostly in Los Angeles. One of the dorm mates out of control and everybody was in danger. quietly said, “The City of Angels … ”. We Her “dormies” said to her, "You'll be singled out witnessed the Los Angeles Riot on TV. At the and believe us, you're safer on campus. Riots time of the riots, even the east coast of the United are very different from demonstrations. States was on curfew. The author’s old friend Demonstrations are peaceful. Riots are violent. at NYU had his head hit from behind because he Plus, we already ordered pizza and the kegs are was Asian (Japanese). The author didn’t know on us! The party is 'in and on' the house!" She about what happened to her high school friend at laughed at the joke because she knew they were NYU until a few days later. trying to provide her with an understanding and Just about a month ago before the riot, assurance that everything “was going to be al- the author’s dorm planned a party for her and we right”. However, that was a first time and mo- were supposed to go out that night. However, ment to have actually experienced real deep ra- on that day, her “dormies” were begging her not cial issues. Luckily, the author had good dorm to leave campus due to the Los Angeles Riots. mates that gave her assurance of a safe haven in She told them, "I'm Japanese, there's no prob- New Haven, Connecticut which was what she lem!" I didn’t know about what was happening really needed at the time to feel safe on campus at NYU. They told her, "Girl, you go out there with her friends and those who cared about me tonight, it don't matter what your color is, what with empathy. That was also the night when nationality you are, you are not us and you are our university gates closed to the public. In not them. Being not one of "anybody" is the neutrality, the university protected the students in problem!" silence and prayer. They reinforced the campus The author’s “dormies” pointed at the with guards during the night. news, the subtitles warned Asian students to keep Oddly enough, maybe it was the author’s in doors because somehow the anger of the Okinawan indigenous background that provided "Language War" was spreading out to innocent her with scheme or the background knowledge to bystanders. In other words, innocent bystand- understand that single moment of jeopardy. That ers are the scapegoats or the outcasts. For some was the day, she realized how deep the concept reason, Asians were targeted, including Japanese of "difference", "foreignness", and “outsider” students, with the Language War, as well. The was and is. The author’s dormies, at the time, reason why Japanese students were in danger was not just protected her from her ignorance of “not because of appearance which is very connected knowing” about the true meaning of the fruit of to the rest of Asia. The so called “look” was good and evil but we were protecting each other neither Caucasian nor African American. At under the solidarity of our campus “holy” the time, Japan and Korea’s economy was in a grounds of academics. It was that moment in full bloom “Bubble” which caused envy and an- time that she was introduced to Billie Holiday’s ger. That is why her friend at NYU was a vic- music and song, “The Strange Fruit”. The author tim of the Language War. received Effective Citizenship Education within As you can imagine, that was the first her own dorm. In a way, it may have been a time, the author realized that riots are like a fire reunion with the author’s own Grandma Eve in ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 190 her DNA. The author’s dormies made sure that from the amnesia, stop repeating history and she understood the Blues, Spirituals, and Jazz. learn from "her-story". They awakened her amnesia. That moment has been vividly engraved in her mind and vision for The Spiritual (10) it has lived somehow within her and revived within the author’s heart to encourage her to Billie Holiday also sang Jazz. One of write this report. That scene has been engraved her famous songs was "Summertime". It was in her mitochondria DNA to the point that she originally a Bahamian spiritual lullaby called feels the soul and the blues. In a way, for all of "All My Trials" (Webster, 2015). Many artists us at the time, we survived the Language War. have covered this song and the oldest one that the author heard was Harry Belafonte's "All My Tri- “Sticks and stones may break my bones but als" in 1959. words will never hurt me!” You can watch it on YouTube. -Nursery Rhyme http://youtu.be/6iLiwycXQoA. (Martin, 2015) We will begin analyzing the song This is great quote that you hear on the through the rhyme scheme first. Both of these play grounds in the United States. It is also songs best represent the racial boundaries be- mentioned in Professor Lakoff’s book. Howev- tween those who have experienced violence. er, words do cut like a knife. Just a few days ago, the of the author got a phone call from an “All My Trials” old friend talking about the news and referring to African American history about how things have Hush little baby, don't you cry (a) changed from the old Jim Crow Days to the Los You know your mama was born to die (a) Angeles Riots to today's 2015 Baltimore Protests. These protests have turned into riots over the All my trials, Lord, soon be over (b) murder of Freddie Gray. The riots took place against the police officers in the United States, The river of Jordan is muddy and cold (c) again in repetition. The author’s old dormies Well it chills the body but not to the soul (c) and her are getting older but we are not growing apart for we saw the same history take place, I've got a little book with pages three (d) again. History has a tendency to repeat itself. And every page spells liberty (d) The author’s old friends are far away in America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the author is here in If living were a thing that money could buy (a) Japan. However, in solidarity of “One for All, All Then the rich would live and the poor would die for One” again, we were “there” watching the (a) same live footage but this time on the internet. Maybe it was the awakening of our mitochondria There grows a tree in Paradise (e) Grandma Eve whispering in our ears to wake up And the pilgrims call it the Tree of Life (e) ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 191
(Belafonte, 2015) The Jordan River is a symbol of freedom in Christianity. The mother is teaching the child The Rhyme scheme is aa b cc dd aa ee. Let's that she is now in the passage of being free from look at the lyrics again to analyze it. her pains. The water is cold and muddy but she has to accomplish her journey. She is go- ing to escape. Hush little baby, don't you cry (a) Well it chills the body but not to the soul (c) The imagery that is used is a mother holding her baby in her hands as if cuddling it She assures the baby that the water is gently like a Michelangelo's "Pieta". The Pieta cold but it doesn't freeze her soul. The mother is is a sculpture of Mother Mary holding Jesus on hinting to wait until the water is not too cold to her lap. In the lyrics, the mother is trying to make the escape. It is a hidden code or map calm the crying baby. that she incognito hides within the song. She is also telling others not to lose hope. When the You know your mama was born to die (a) water warms, that is the time to escape.
The mother is trying to reason with the I've got a little book with pages three (d) baby who doesn't have the knowledge to reason. The baby is pure from good and evil. The The mother assures the baby that she has mother is in a difficult position for she must tell a guide book of three pages to guide her. She is the baby that she will die and that the baby too telling others that this song is a code. It is a was born to die as well. This represents the in- map used during the “Underground Railway” to equality of those who can survive but those who free the African Americans from slavery. were born to face prejudice and segregation. And every page spells liberty (d) All my trials, Lord, soon be over (b) The guide book is telling her there is The mother prays and assures the Lord freedom over the river. She is telling others that that all of her challenges and persecution will once they cross over to the Bahamas they will have a quick ending. She is not just telling her reach a river that will lead them to a freedom. child that she has a way out but she is also telling others through this song that freedom is in the If living were a thing that money could buy (a) hands of time. The sorrow of the mass will come to an end. The “trials” represents the She also tells her child that if life could hardship that people go through life. be bought which means that life, of course, can- not be bought. Humanity is free. The river of Jordan is muddy and cold (c) ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 192
Then the rich would live and the poor would die (Grannum, 2011). When the British abolished (a) slavery the Bahamas became a freedom island. The song may have been written as an African She says that if it were true that the rich American "Underground Railroad" coded lyric or would live long then that would mean that the song, with a map, to cross the ocean and escape poor would soon die. If life could be bought to the Bahamas, a free island (The Embassy of then life would have never begun in the first the United States Nassau Bahamas, 2011). place. She is telling others to hang on and live Thus, this mother was not just talking about to escape. freedom but connecting lost families in a Tree of Life (“Spirituals As Coded Communication”, There grows a tree in Paradise (e) 2014). She may have been the voice of Grand- ma Eve reaching out over the boundaries to save The mother tells the child. She can see others. the trees in paradise which means she was suc- cessful in her “Exodus” with the child. She is The Jazz (11) also telling others who are the pilgrims to come as well. Let's compare it with the lyrics of "Summer- time" written by George Gershwin. And the pilgrims call it the Tree of Life (e) Summertime, (a) She is not just telling her child this but And the livin' is easy (b) she is telling other people who were listening to Fish are jumpin' (c) the song that once they arrive they will see a big And the cotton is high (a) tree that is referred to as the “Tree of Life” that marks the spot of transaction toward freedom. Oh, Your daddy's rich (d) Again, the word “pilgrims” represent “settlers” And your mamma's good lookin (c) but not European but African settlers who had So hush little baby (b) escaped alive. Don't you cry (a)
When you understand that this song was One of these mornings (e) written before the research of Mitochondrial Eve You're going to rise up singing (f) was even discovered gives you goose bumps. A Then you'll spread your wings (e) mother is assuring her baby, that everything is And you'll take to the sky (a) going to be alright and that she will be waiting for the child's time on the other side of the river But until that morning (f) with the tree of life. It was originally a tradi- There's a'nothing can harm you (g) tional folk song written in the Bahamas. The With your daddy and mammy standing by (a) Bahamas was also a victim of slavery under Brit- ish rule until 1834 when they abolished slavery Summertime, (a) ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 193
And the livin' is easy (b) with high protein. This stanza also represents Fish are jumpin' (c) that the hardship or winter is over and life be- And the cotton is high (a) comes easier to live.
Your daddy's rich (d) And the cotton is high (a) And your mamma's good lookin' (c) So hush little baby (b) Cotton is something you may not see that Don't you cry (a) often in Japan. The author had the chance of touching cotton, when she was in Washington (Holiday, Billie. “Billie Holiday” CD lyric D.C. a long time ago. A colleague who was card) African American was telling her about picking cotton when she was a little girl. The author The Rhyme scheme is abca dcba efea fga was surprised because she thought, at the time, abca dc ba. The music was written by George that picking cotton was only in the history books. Gershwin, DuBose Heyward wrote the lyrics The colleague laughed and told the author her based on the epic "All My Trials", and Billie age. She looked young and the author didn't Holliday sang it in 1936 (Holiday, Billie. “Bil- think that she was older than her parents, but she lie Holiday” CD lyric card). The genre was and explained to me that cotton picking continued is jazz. until the late 60s. A few days later, the col- league brought a branch of the cotton plant to the office since she thought that it was important for Summertime, (a) the author to learn. She brought gloves and showed the author how to pick cotton out of the The image is like a Haiku. The author is hard thinned shells. She told the author that, providing the reader with a season. Summer is both of us have the luxury of gloves but back in the season that everyone can survive. the old days, there were no gloves. Picking cotton is literally a dangerous hard labor. With- And the livin' is easy (b) out the gloves the thorny shells would tear your hands apart. In the song, it sings about the cot- Summer is the season of ease. No mat- ton plant being high which means that it is time ter where you are in the world, summer is well for it to be harvested to sell for money but it also spent near a window or in a shade just relaxing is a satire for pain in the labor or in child labor. and sweating. The baby may have been a new born.
Fish are jumpin' (c) Oh, Your daddy's rich (d)
In a river, stream, creek, pond, or ocean The song sings about being rich under there is always fish and no matter how old you the concept of hard working. get fish are fun to watch and they are delicious ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 194
However, until that morning her parents And your mamma's good lookin (c) are going to protect her.
The mother is very cute for she refers to There's a'nothing can harm you (g) herself as beautiful. Therefore, maybe the baby is a little girl. The mother is telling her daugh- The baby’s mommy and daddy are going ter that when she grows up she will find a man to protect her. who is rich and hardworking because she will be beautiful like her mother. With your daddy and mammy standing by (a)
So hush little baby (b) And the baby’s mommy and daddy will be watching over her. Thus, the mother is calming the baby not to cry. Summertime, (a) And the livin' is easy (b) Don't you cry (a) Fish are jumpin' (c) And the cotton is high (a) The mother is emphasizing about no worries. Therefore the baby doesn't need to cry. Your daddy's rich (d) And your mamma's good lookin' (c) One of these mornings (e) So hush little baby (b) Don't you cry (a) The mother says that someday. The upper stanzas are emphasis of re- You're going to rise up singing (f) minding the baby to keep quiet and that there is nothing to cry about. In comparison, both "All The baby is going to wake up. The baby will My Trials" and "Summertime" contain contro- sing. versial issues. The original, "All My Trials", was an authentic lullaby of the Bahamas. Then you'll spread your wings (e) Whereas, "Summertime", although a very beau- tiful song, was an adaptation of the "All My Tri- Then the baby will be free. als" copied into "Summertime" and written by a Caucasian author and not an African American And you'll take to the sky (a) author. The song is also connected to the play "Porgy and Bess". Some African American To travel anywhere the baby wants to go. critics claim that the play was a derogatory racial portrayal of African Americans and their com- But until that morning (f) munity. Harry Belafonte who sang "All My ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 195
Trials" was not happy at all with the new version much as the pain of the violence is not innate but “Summertime” (Duncan, 1935). taught and learned. However, when you peel away all the taboo and controversial issues away from the song, "Summertime", then we can get a different Conclusion (13) view. Many artists from a variety of ethnic “Wisdom must yield to superstition’s rules, backgrounds have sung this song. Each one of Who arms with bigot zeal the hand of fools.” them has their own style which should be ac- - Voltaire cepted as different flavor of a great cuisine and (Voltaire, Goodreads, July 2, 2015) no matter how the taste changes it is a great song. However the author admits, that she prefers Bil- After the death of Eric Garner on July lie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald singing "Sum- 17, 2014 (Fessenden, 2015) and the 2015 mertime" the best. These two magnificent Charleston Church Massacre (“Dylann Roof…”, muses have the voice and the mood that moves 2015), we still see racial tensions in the United the soul. Both of them fought to get generations States. Eric Garner was detained and held down of Mother Eve’s “voices” out. by patrol officers (Fessenden, 2015). In the process, he choked to death and according to "Three hundred years of humiliation, abuse, and video footage, his last words were "I can't deprivation cannot be expected to find voice in a breathe" (“I can’t breathe…” video, 2014). The whisper". horror still continues in 2015. The death of - Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. (12) Freddie Gray (Karimi, 2015) and the Ferguson (Trustees of Dartmouth College, 2015) shooting (“Feds:..”, 2015) which is another racial controversy that led to riots or the “Language In other words, Reverend Martin Luther War” in the United States in 2015. The police King Jr.’s quote can be interpreted as "How dare choking of Eric Garner triggered the artist, Ri- you tell the people to hush! They experienced hanna, to recently release her new song "Ameri- way too much violence". We discussed the can Oxygen" on YouTube. In the song, Rihan- "foreignness" issue before but to make an even na sings about the hardships of African American clearer view of the concept of “foreignness”, it is History and violence. She also sings about how not just “foreign” but the concept of an “outcast”. the United States, as a melting pot, continues the Therefore, when we discussed about the contro- pursuit of the freedom of happiness under the versial "Summertime", we must also understand Constitution. However, she is not American but that racism and prejudice hurts everyone. she is from Barbados which brings out the free- Whether the play "Porgy and Bess" intended to dom of speech in her cynical words of choice. be controversial, the author would say no. The writers, at the time most likely didn't even think In one phrase of the song "American Oxygen", about hurting someone but they did. Prejudice Rihanna sings: is taught and learned. It is not innate. Just as ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 196
"Young boy, hustling … Tryna get the wheels in history called Globalization. In globalization, we motion … are bombarded with the “Language War” while But he can be anything at all … Every breath I we are also expected to be universally designed breathe ... to overcome our differences, to live with our di- chasin' this American Dream ... American Oxy- versity, and to provide each other the dignity in gen". human rights. We are all equal yet we have not yet reached the dreams of Reverend Martin Lu- Like we can see in Rihanna’s song, ther King Jr. nor have we answered to our moth- “Young boy, hustling…Tryna get the wheels in er, Grandma Eve's expectations yet. When we motion…But he can be anything at all”, the reach that moment, then that will be the day of phrase can be interpreted as a double entendre. true achievement of global communication with All we can think is the sadness of Eric Garner Effective Global Citizenship Education. We taking his last breath of the "American Dream" would triumph over the Language War. We with the "American Oxygen" for he could be will finally be able to unite with a common un- “anything at all”. It would be very difficult to derstanding and our language wars will come to look into the eyes of the generations of Mito- an end in peace. chondrial Eve and to explain what happened to Just like Professor Lakoff, we are all po- her generation of offspring in history. There is tential Mitochondrial Eves waiting in the "pa- no such thing as the "American Oxygen". We tience of evolution" like any mother for us to all breathe oxygen that belongs to humanity. It answer to her dreams of hope. Our chromo- belongs to all of us equally as a "world dream" somes and DNA are still under experiment like for it is the “World Oxygen” of freedom and “All My Trials”. We just have to find a way equality. It is the same oxygen in Barbados and with trial, empathy, and not to apathetically ig- all over the world including Okinawa and Japan. nore our mistakes but to admit it, move on in an- Why is it important to study African ticipation, with better outcomes and results. American Spirituals, Jazz, and Blues? Well, it's simple. Through reading Professor Lakoff’s “At sixteen, you still think you can escape from book “The Language War” we not only learn your father. You aren’t listening to his voice about history but we can learn to reflect upon our speaking through your mouth, you don’t see how daily lives. We have all become victims within your gestures already mirror his; you don’t see life. We are victimized just watching the news him in the way you hold your body, in the way to see pain. However, it is a nice feeling to you sign your name. You don’t hear his whis- know we are not alone and like Professor Lakoff per in your blood.” points out to the reader that somethings are lin- - Salmon Rushdie guistically worth fighting for. To study it is (Salmon Rushdie, Goodreads, 2015) Civil Action and Effective Citizenship Education in itself. These are the codes and the language Notes of the soul that we all have within our hearts. (1) The author, Hirona Matayoshi ᧤♗⚘ㆧ挲᧥, We are going through a transitional moment in has previously done research on testimonies of violence including African American Blues, Jazz, ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 197
Spirituals, and violence that happened during the forensic mind to dispute issues with argumenta- Battle of Okinawa, Japan. The author has done tion. extensive research on historical voices, resources, databases of witnesses, and victims of the past not (7) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor just American minorities but also minorities in Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Identity Crisis” pp. Japan. The author also researched about Billie 32-41. Professor Lakoff discusses about how Holiday including old and recent civil rights words are painful and that these words have be- movements in the United States and Japan. The gun from the beginning of time such as the testi- author compiled and published all of the research monies from the Old Testament. However, above in the Osaka University Graduate School there will always be a time when a person can named “Kotoba to Hanpuku 4” in 2008. The ti- take just so much until they break and fight back. tle of the article is “Societal Bilingualism: The That is the civil rights movement. That is the Power of Language in Repetition” pp. 11-23.. epitome of the meaning of expressing the blues.
(2) Based upon an original overall summary of Pro- (8) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor fessor’s Lakoff’s book. Lakoff, Robin Tolmach Lakoff’s book, Chapter “The Neutrality Of The (2000) . “The Language War”. University of Status Quo” pp. 42-47, she talks about labeling California Press Ltd.: 2000. and marking and coined the term “markedness” to represent the markedness of a role. Billie Holi- (3) Based upon an original summary of Professor day was that role-model like mitochondria “Eve”, Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Language –The Power “Grandma”, and women all over the world such We Love To Hate” pp. 17-20. as Billie Holiday during the civil rights move- ment of the 60s. (4) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapters “Apologies As Language (9) The author, Hirona Matayoshi, has previously Politics” and “The Unapology”. pp. 23-41. Ba- done research on testimonies of violence includ- sically, the whole concept of what we would call ing African American Blues, Jazz, and Spirituals amnesia comes from the neglect from feeling and violence that happened during the Battle of guilty so instead of apologizing for that specific Okinawa, Japan. The author has done extensive guilt, people have a tendency to conveniently research on historical voices, resources, databases forget the guilt altogether instead. of witnesses, and victims of the past not just American minorities but also minorities in Japan. (5) Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza is one of the most fa- The author also researched about Billie Holiday mous validated geneticist who researches about including old and recent civil rights movements mitochondrial genomes. In Professor Lakoff’s in the United States and Japan. The author book, Chapter “Numerous Validated Scholarly compiled and published all of the research above Studies” pp. 232-235, she refers to DNA and in the Osaka University Graduate School Journal how society depends upon DNA behaviors label- named “Kotoba to Hanpuku 4” in 2008. The ti- ing individuals with sometimes bias views rather tle of the article is “Societal Bilingualism: The than understanding the inner beauty. Power of Language in Repetition” (pp. 11-23.)
(6) Based upon an original interpretation of Professor (10)Based upon an original interpretation of Professor Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Here She is …Myth Lakoff’s book, Chapter “The Uncommonness of America” pp. 186-187. In addition, this section Commonness” pp. 48-56. Professor Lakoff is an original interpretation of Chapter “Intro- discusses about those who are not recognized and duction – What I Am Doing Here, And How Am how it can bring forth outrage. I Doing It” pp. xi -9. Professor Lakoff discusses about the Civil Rights Movement in the 60s and (11)Based upon an original interpretation of Professor how analysis of language is not necessarily scien- Lakoff’s book, Chapter “Enough Blame To Go tific but discovering the controversy and using the Around” pp. 238-247. Professor Lakoff men- ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 198
tions the labeling of blaming minorities and how http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/h/harry_belafonte/a linguistically the African Americans fought back ll_my_trails.html through Ebonics with the power of sound with Spirituals, Gospel, blues, and Jazz. ಯCatechism of the Catholic Churchರ (2015). The Holy See (Vatican). Exodus 20 2-17. Retrieved: (12)Based upon an original interpretation of Professor July 23, 2015. Lakoff’s book, Chapter “ Apologies and Lan- http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechi guage Politics” pp. 23-29. Professor Lakoff sm/command.htm discusses about Reverend Martin Luther King and how he fought just like other “markedness” or Carson, Emmett D (2014). ಯFoundations and the role models who may have been chosen to lead Fallacy of a Post-Racial America: African American others toward a “Summertime”. Men and Civic Engagementರ March 2014. Re- trieved: July 1, 2015. (13)Based upon an original interpretation of Professor http://www.abfe.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Fou Lakoff’s book, Chapter “We Are The World” pp. nda- 56-62. Matayoshi, the author of this article, tions-and-the-Fallacy-of-a-Post-Racial-America.pdf#s concluded with a famous new role model or earch='American+civic+education+racial+issues' “markedness”, Rihanna, to represent the whole picture of the new generation taking the role of Costa, Robert, David A. Fahrenthold and Sarah the “markedness” who are fighting against the Kaplan (2015). ಯFor church, 200 years of tragedy and “Language War” to bring forth a “A New Ameri- revivalರ. The Washington Post. June 18, 2015. ca”. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-emanuel- ame-story-is-a-200-year-cycle-of-tragedy-and-revival/ References 2015/06/18/6b83de44-15ec-11e5-9ddc-e3353542100c ಯAcquittal in Doorstep Killing of Japanese Studentರ _story.html?hpid=z2 (1993). The New York Times. May 24, 1993. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. Chang, Edward Taehan (2015). ಯConfronting http://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/24/us/acquittal-in-d Sa-i-gu: Twenty Years after the Los Angeles Riotsರ. oorstep-killing-of-japanese-student.html The Oak Kim Center for Korean American Studies. Retrieved: July 22, 2015. Alighieri, Dante (2012). ಯThe Divine Comedy ದ The http://yokcenter.ucr.edu/docs/other/11-12_Confrontin Vision of Paradise, Purgatory, and Hellರ. Project g_Sa-i-gu_Article.pdf#search='los+angeles+riots+kor Gutenbergಬs The Divine Comedy. Complete. No- ean+and+japanese+were+targeted' vember 30, 2012. Retrieved: July 23, 2015. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/8800/8800-h/8800-h.h ಯಬI canಬt breatheಬ: Eric Garner put in chokehold by tm NYPD Officer - videoರ (2014). The Guardian. December 4, 2014. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. ಯAfrican American Spiritualsರ (2001). Library of http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2014/dec/ Congress. 2001. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. 04/i-cant-breathe-eric-garner-chokehold-death-video http://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200197495 Duncan, Todd & Anne Wiggins Brown (1935). ಯAmerican Experience TVಬs Most-Watched History ಯಫPorgy And Bessಬ Opens On Broadway To Mixed Series ದ The Kennedysರ (2015). U.S. Corporation Reviews.ರ African American Registry ದ A for Public Broadcasting. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. Non-Profit Education Organization. October 10, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/feature 1935. Retrieved: July 2, 2015. s/general-article/kennedys-and-civil-rights/ http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/porgy- and-bess-opens-broadway-mixed-reviews Belafonte, Harry (2015). ಯAll My Trialsರ. Lyrics- mode. 2015. Retrieved: July 1, 2015. ›⁛⁓‒‿⁓⁓⁚⁛≝⁅⁕⁛⁞⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″‒‾⁛⁙⁛⁛⁕‒″⁓⁞⁛‒⁘‒⁚⁗‒‷⁓‒⁘‒⁈⁛⁞⁗⁕⁗‒⁛‒″⁘⁛⁕⁓‒″ ⁗⁛⁕⁓‒⁅⁛⁛⁓⁞„‒‼⁓„‒‘‒‴⁞⁗ 199
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˂↝ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ܖٻᨥ International Exchange with Soochow University ‒ Elizabeth J. Lange 1 Victor Gorshkov 2
A picture tells a thousand words – an international letter exchange project makes a thousand friends.
At an international festival at a university representing the history of Japan and painted by campus in Japan, a visitor was greeted like a queen such famous ukiyoe artists as Utagawa Hiroshige, by a Chinese student dressed in a luxurious and Kawase Hasui and Torii Kiyonaga), we designed a ornate robe with long dangling sleeves. The friendship poster with a large dominant bridge exaggerated flowing gestures in arm and body spanning across the two halves (see Pictures 1 & movements resembled that of a lion dance to 2). welcome guests to the Chinese pavilion. The warm Picture 1 – Bridge poster in a gesture of goodwill spirit of this exquisite greeting touched the heart of and desire for long-term friendship between the the visitor and it became one of those unforgettable two universities moments that could not be erased from memory. It was in the same vein that we wanted to greet our guests from Soochow University, China here at Kaichi International University. It was about the same time a year earlier that we greeted a group of students from the same university (refer to Gorshkov & Lange, 2015). At Photographed by Elizabeth Lange that time, with the backdrop of our university’s previous name being Nihonbashi Gakkan In a gesture of goodwill and desire for long-term University and its connection to the famous friendship and just like two friends wearing one historical Japanese Nihonbashi Bridge in the piece each of a single pair of earrings, we made middle of Tokyo (depicted in many post cards this bridge poster and put corresponding logos and
‒ ‒ 2015 ࠰ 9 உ 23 ଐӖྸ messages on the different halves respectively, ԓإ↺ᨥʩ්↚᧙ↈ↝↗ܖٻᕽ߸ *1 ∏∙⇔ ⇎∐⇜⇿⇟, J. drawing pictures and decorating them with stickers ᢿ on our half of the poster for them before theyܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᨥ *2 ⇚∑⇝⇙⇻‒ ⇹⇕⇮∑ ᢿ‒ arrived; and, during the event, they did the same onܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ܖٻᨥ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 204 their half for us. Later, when formal speeches were Chinese which originally inspired this festival in given, the poster was ceremoniously cut in half – different countries in Asia) celebrated yearly their half for us and our half for them – with the when two stars in the sky, represented in a legend bridge of friendship on both halves, symbolizing a as lovers, can meet and people celebrate by long-lasting friendship between the two writing their wishes on colorful strips of paper universities. and decorate bamboo branches with them1. With the courtesy of the Jackel and Co Picture 2 – Chinese students decorating their part of the poster (21 July 2014) (nicknames for our most valuable grounds-and-events helpers on campus), two huge bamboo branches from the nearby bamboo forest on the university grounds were brought in to decorate the back of the hall where we would meet. On strips of colored paper, we put our tanabata wishes up in advance – wishes, hopes and dreams from the gatekeeper, librarians, office staff, and Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi teachers and students (see Picture 5).
Picture 4 – Trying on yukatas Apart from that, during their short 2014 visit, the special lecture hall where we gathered became a hive of Japanese-culture-related activities – calligraphy (see Picture 3), origami, trying on yukatas for a photo op (Picture 4) and writing of some messages on paper with an image of the Nihonbashi Bridge on top. Thus, the friendship between the two schools was established.
Picture 3 – Calligraphy experience for Soochow University students (21 July 2014) Photographed by Elizabeth Lange
Other than the tanabata-related activities, what was new was that many of our students had prepared friendship letters – all ready in special envelopes to dear friend from Soochow University. Kaichi students were provided with a template to prepare their letters but many of them preferred to arrange their original pieces of writing. They Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi mostly introduced themselves, wrote a few words about their hometowns, hobbies, local food and This year their visit fell at the timely time of the traditions popular in their culture. Many of the Tanabata Star Festival (or Qixi Festival in students colored their letters with pictures and ‾⁓⁙⁗≒‹⁚⁝≝※⁗⁓⁛⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓⁙⁗‒⁛⁚‒⁅⁕⁚‒⁇⁛⁗⁛‒ 205 added original drawings and delightful different spent so much time in preparing the room and kinds of origami specially prepared for their dear activities for their visit. Unffortunately, however, Soochow University friends. Altogether we many Kaichi students were not able to attend the collected a sufficient number of letters, mostly event in person due to prior commitments or a class written byy our first-year students, to match the overlap. Also, the arrival of our Soochow guests number of Chinese visitors. was a bit delayed due to traffic and other unforeseen circumstances. With everything ready, Picture 5 – Tanabata wishes (17 July 2015) the bus finally arrived and tthhe guests (somewhat tired as it was later in the aftteernoon than expected and they had come after a fuulll-day of sightseeing) went immediately to have lunch in the cafeteria after jumping off the bus. Their Kaichi schedule was quickly revised and Kaichi teachers, International Exchange Committee members and students eagerly awaited theirr arrival in the events Photographed by Elizabeth Lange room. One student who had perhaps never experienced such an event beffore began to jump up It was planned that the Soochow University and down all excited. students would rotate from table to table doing the When they finally arrived in the events room after various activities to complete in turn – writing the their late lunch, there was a short awkward moment tanabata wishes and placing them on the bamboo when they all lined up on one side of the room with branches, watching the youtube video on tanabata, us on the other. But the ice was soon broken when dressing up in yukata, doing origami, and writing they were invited to sit at diffferent tables and then, letters. in conjunction with President Hideko Kitagaki’s Picture 6 – Envelopes used for the international welcome speech in English, were asked to stand letter exchange one by one and say their name and major and any other short details about themselves. It was very interesting to learn about tthe various different courses they were studying. After that, when it was announced that our studdents had prepared friendship letters for them, tthere were automatic rebounding sounds of gleee, followed by an atmosphere of excitement when they were offered the opportunity to respond. The next minute, the students all simultaneously jumped up, grabbed a letter and a sheet of paper to rreply on and set about Photographed by Victor Gorshkov reading and responding to thee letters – all absorbed (Picture 7). They completelyy usurped our idea of It was impressive that some Kaichi students had planned and orderly rotation of events – with their ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 206 good wisdom yet to our delight. what surpassed all beginnings was the returning of the letters from the Soochow students and teachers! Picture 7 – Soochow students writing replies Hands were outstretched as they were passed one by one to their respective recipients each in a special return envelope. The Kaichi students carefully took them out, and unfolded what might have been their first such letter from someone of another nationality and in a foreign language. Most had been written in English, and a few were a mixture of languages – English, Japanese, and Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi Chinese, if not all in Chinese characters – much to the delight of the Chinese students studying at We had to rush around distributing more pens and Kaichi but who suddenly had the task of conveying paper to the various tables. Soon the room was the messages of the letters and poems alike. alive with enthusiasm and involvement – with the various cultural activities and English letter writing. Picture 8 – Some letters from Soochow students In a very short time, our letterbox was filled with friendship letters – one from each of the students, assistants and teachers from Soochow University. With great anticipation, we had a quick look at them before passing them onto our students – each in a special envelope. The letters included thanks to the President for her welcome speech; reflections on their impressions of Japan such the friendliness and helpfulness of local people, delicious local Photographed by Ayumi Takahashi food, the convenience of the transportation system, and the shockingly clean city environment (e.g. “… Soon students huddled around in groups picking it was so clean and I even don’t have to clean my up the various copies of all the friendship letters shoes”); drawings of various sorts especially made available for sharing and there was no anime; responses of delight to the letter contents distracting them as they were engrossed with from our students including the little gifts they had exchange of banter full of intriguing observations enclosed such as the origami and manga drawings; and questions about their contents. Right on task, replies to questions; and various electronic however, one student slipped out his smart phone platforms to continue future correspondence and and began typing in the long reply address that his friendship. A lot of Soochow students wrote about friendship letter counterpart had supplied him with Japanese anime sharing their favorite anime but was disconcerted when with several attempts it characters and asking related questions to Kaichi was returned as a non-address!! Trying to hide his students. disappointment he was rescued when a classmate In fact, with the start of the new fall semester, from China kindly pointed out that he had mistaken ‾⁓⁙⁗≒‹⁚⁝≝※⁗⁓⁛⁓⁞‒‷⁕⁚⁓⁙⁗‒⁛⁚‒⁅⁕⁚‒⁇⁛⁗⁛‒ 207 the handwritten qq for 99 and, with a new attempt, exchanges, this time between Japan and China (the was satisfied after checking several times that first set being between Australia and Japan, the finally the message to connect with his new friend second between Japan and Laos – after his in China must have gotten through! spontaneous and heartfelt letter “To my dear As an overall impression, the students were very Japanese friends” (see Lange, 2011 for further enthusiastic about taking part in this letter writing details). project and appeared to enjoy the opportunity to express themselves in this real need for language 㸯 exchange for friendship and learning about another For details, please refer to The Weaver Girl and the Cowherd piece of artwork in the Long Corridor of the culture through English. It certainly provided a Summer Palace in Beijing depicting this meeting when magpies so lovingly spanned their wings together to form framework for active, interactive and cross-cultural a bridge across a river so the lovers could meet. language learning as an example of integrative motivation under the umbrella setting of the Notes Soochow University visit (see Gorshkov & Lange, 1. The first International Exchange Program between Kaichi International University, Japan (former 2015). Nihonbashi Gakkan University) and Soochow University, China was organized on 21 July 2014 As a Soochow University student aptly wrote in following the signing of the official exchange agreement between the two universities. (For more his letter, “…Today, we come here – your details on this program, please refer to Gorshkov & university, to become a bridge between China and Lange, 2015.) 2. The second International Exchange Program between Japan. I hope to be friends with you and learn Kaichi International University (Japan) and Soochow University (China) was organized on 17 July 2015. about each other more these days.” 3. More photos of the two exchange program events can be found by visiting Kaichi International University’s official homepage and Facebook account. 4. This paper is prepared within the framework of the Acknowledgments 2015 Kaichi International University Research Budget Funding “Activating Students’ English Skills through The authors express their sincere gratitude to the International Letter Exchange Writing.” university staff members, International Exchange Committee members and all those people involved References 1. Gorshkov, V., & Lange, E. (2015). Motivating factors who helped with the organization of these in bridging English communication and international International Exchange Programs. Our special understanding. Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin, 14, 107-119. thanks go to Ms. Ayumi Takahashi who kindly 2. Lange, E. (2011). Process writing as applied to international letter exchanges through Teachers provided some pictures for our publication. We Helping Teachers (THT). Teachers Helping Teachers: The Proceedings of 2011 Conferences, Seminars and also thank Ms. Hong Zi, coordinator for Student Workshops.75-91. Kobe, THT. ISBN 4-931-42432-5 Training and Student Exchange, Undergraduate C3482 http://tht-japan.org/publications/2010/075_091_lange. Academic Affairs Office, Soochow University, for pdf her assistance and help in getting permission to apply photos and letters for the purposes of this publication. The authors also wish to thank an Australian student at the Maisie Kaufmann Learning Centre in Maryborough, Queensland, Australia for inspiring yet another set of international dear friend letter
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ࡑࢀࡇࡑ㹇㹁㹒 㸯.ၥ㢟ࡢᡤᅾ (Information and Communi- cation Technology)ࡢ౽ᛶࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤᯛᣲ “◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢே⏕࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ㛗ࡃྥ 㐦ࡀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤ⚾⮬㌟㸪ᩥ⊩ࡢ㟁Ꮚཬ ࡁྜ࠺ࡶࡢࡣఱ”࠸࠺῝㐲࡞ၥ࠸ᑐࡋ㸪 ࡧබ㛤ᴗࡢᜠᜨᾎࡋ㸪㈗㔜࡞ྐᩱࢆ⮬Ꮿࡢࣃ ࡢᡃࠎࡀ㩳⭺↓ࡃ⟅࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ“ࣃ ࢯࢥ࡛ࣥ㜀ぴࡋ࡞ࡀࡽㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㸪 ࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃”ࡣ᭱᭷ຊࡢೃ⿵࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋㄽᩥࡸ ࡘ࡚ࡢ◊✲⎔ቃẚࡍࡿክࡢࡼ࠺࡞య㦂ࢆࡋ ᩍᮦ㸪ᥦฟ᭩㢮➼ࡢᩥ᭩సᡂࡲࡽࡎ㸪ㄪᰝ ࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ(1)ࠋࡋࡶ㸪ࡑࡢㄽᩥࡶ CiNii ➼࡛ ㏻ಙ㸪Ẽศ㌿➼ࠎ㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖබ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀ ࢺࡀ◊✲ᩍ⫱άືࡢ౽ᛶࢆ㣕㌍ⓗ㧗ࡵ࡚ࡃ ࢆぢࡓㄞ⪅ࡀឤࢆࣈࣟࢢᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠺వᆅࡢ↓࠸ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡸ ࠸࠺㸪ᐇᎰࡋ࠸⤒㦂ࡶࡉࡏ࡚㡬࠸ࡓ(2)ࠋ⚾ࡀึ ᡃࠎࡣ㸪᪑ࡢ✵ࡽ࡛ࡶࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡉ࠼ࡘ ࡵ࡚ㄽᩥࢆබหࡋࡓ 12 ᖺ๓ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛ࣃࢯ ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㉁ၥࡢᛂᑐࡶ㸪Ꮫࡢ ࢥࣥࡶ࡞ࡾᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶཎ✏ࡢᥦ ົᒁࡸฟ∧♫ࡢᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࡶྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓ ฟ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁࢹ࣮ࢱࡢグ㘓፹య࡛࠶ࡿࣇ ࡋ㸪㹍㹎㸿㹁㸦Online Public Access Catalog㸧 ࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡࡣῧ࠼ࡶࡢ㐣ࡂࡎ㸪⣬༳ๅ ࡢᬑཬࡼࡾ㸪ᅗ᭩㤋฿╔ࡍࡿࡸክ୰࡛ᩥ⊩࢝ ࡋࡓཎ✏ࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(3)ࠋ ࣮ࢻࢆࡵࡃࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚༳ๅ⣬ࣇࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡ᪉ࡢ
2015 ࠰ 9 உ 21 ଐӖྸ ᥦฟࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪ᙜᝨࡍࡿᣦᑟᩍᤵ Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with ࡢ௦ࢃࡾᡭ᭩ࡁཎ✏ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱࡋ㸪ᗘࠎ㸪⳹ computerization of the working process in scholarly publi- cation. ࣛࣥࢳࢆᚚ㥅㉮࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡶ㸪࡛ࡣࡋ࠸ *1 Shugo Takigawa ᢿ ࠸ฟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋܖ⇪∞⇈∑∏⇿∐ ‒ܖٻᨥ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 210
ࡶࡃࡶࡇࡢ 10 ᖺ࡛㸪ㄪᰝ㸪ᇳ➹ ⯡ࡉࢀࡓඹ㏻㡯┠ࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢸ࣮ࢪࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ ࡽ༳ๅ㸪ห⾜㸪㈍࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢฟ ♧ࡍࡇࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᐇ㝿୍ᐃࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠸ ∧ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗ࠾࠸࡚㸪㟁Ꮚࡣࡵࡲࡄࡿ ࡞ࡀࡽࡶⓎ⏕ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆ㸪ಶูලయⓗ⤂ࡍࡿ ࡋ࠸ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛㐍⾜࣭ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ㹇㹁㹒ࡢ ⤒㦂ㄽࡇࡑ᭷⏝ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋ ౽ᛶࡣேࡢㄆࡵࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇ⚾ ࡑࡇ࡛ᅇࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ ࡶࡇࢀ⮬యࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ฟ 㸪ḟ࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓཎ✏ ∧≀ࡀᇳ➹⪅⦅㞟⪅㸪」ᩘேࡢඹྠసᴗ࡛ࡘࡃ ࡢࡸࡾࡾ㛵ࡍࡿ㸪᭱ᚋࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟ ࡽࢀࡿᐟ࠶ࡿ௨ୖ㸪ࡑࡇࡣ㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢ㛵ಀ ࡁ㹓㹑㹀࣓ࣔࣜ㛵ࡍࡿࡘࡁ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ ⪅ࡀ㆙ᡄࡍࡁ㸪ᜍࡿࡁ㝗✶ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠸ ࡢ⚾ࡢኻᩋㄯࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ྥᚋࡉࡽ࡞ ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡿ㐍ᒎࡀணࡉࢀࡿ㹇㹁㹒౫ᣐࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ∧ 㹇㹁㹒ࢆ㥑ࡋࡓฟ∧㐣⛬࡛ࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢே㛫ࡀ ࡲࡘࢃࡿㅖసᴗ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᡃࠎồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ 」ᩘࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ⏝࠸㸪୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡸࡾ ࡿࡶࡢࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࡇࡋ ࡾࡋ࡚㸪᭱⤊ⓗ༳ๅ࣭ห⾜₈ࡂ╔ࡅࡿࡇ ࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡿࠋ௬㸪ᙜ⪅ࡀྠࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ
ᣢࡕ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ືస⎔ቃࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ 㸰㸬ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡼࡿΰ ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡉࡋࡓࡿၥ㢟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡶ ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪⌧ᐇࡣࡇࢀࡽࡀᥞ࠸㸪༊ࠎ ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡣ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࡀពᅗ ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡇࡢࡇࡀ࠶ࡲࡾព㆑ࡉ ࡏࡎࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓㄗኚࡸㄗᏐ㸪ᩥἲୖࡢ࣑ࢫ ࢀࡎㅖసᴗࡣῐࠎ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࠸ ࢆࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡀᣦࡋ㸪㐺ṇࡍࡃᑟ࠸࡚ࡃ ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪୍᪉࡛㹇㹒⩦⇍ࡋࡓ⪅ࡽࡍࢀ ࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ࣮࣡ࣉࣟ ࡤᖖ㆑ⓗ࡞ࡶ㸪᪉࡛័ࢀ࡞⪅ࡽࡍࢀࡤ ࢯࣇࢺࡢᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡸ㸪㹕 ᮍ▱ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇᛮࢃࡠ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌ 㹃㹀ୖ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ(4)ࠋ ࡿࠋ㑇᠍࡞ࡀࡽ⚾ࡣ㸪㹇㹁㹒ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡀ ᡃࠎࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞ලయࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ Micro ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ័ࢀ࡞ഃࡢ୍◊✲ -soft Office ࡢࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࠕࢫ࣌ࣝ ᩍ⫱⪅ࡔࡽࡇࡑ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ᥦゝࡍࡁ ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡᩥ❶ᰯṇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺(5)ࠋ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣே㛫ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺సᴗࡘࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡑࡢ㝿㸪ࡲࡎࡶࡗ࡚㉳ࡉࢀࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ᪉ἲ ࡿㄗ᳜ࡢ㢮ࢆ㸪ᶵᲔ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢṇ☜↓ẚࡉࡼࡗ ࡣࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡞ࡼࡿィ㔞ⓗ࣭⤫ィⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡛ ࡚ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿ㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤᴟࡵ࡚᭷⏝࡞ࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆྰᐃ ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇࡣᛮࢃࡠⴠࡋ✰ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣᩘከࡢඹ㏻㡯ࢆタᐃ ࡲࡎࡣ㸪⚾ࡀయ㦂ࡋࡓᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡲࡘࢃࡿ ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑠ␗ࡣྠࡉࢀ㸪ಶูࡢ㎸ࡳධࡗ ࡘࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡓࡣឡࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢⅬ㸪ᮏ✏ ᭱ึࡢࡣ㸪࠾࠾ࡼࡑ㸶ᖺ๓ඹⴭ࡛᭩⡠ࢆ ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡤ⤒㦂ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ㸪ヲ⣽ ᇳ➹ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢฟ᮶࡛㸪ලయⓗࡣ⛅ᒣᏹ┘ಟ ࡘලయⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㠃㸪୍⯡ᛶࡸᐈほᛶஈࡋ࠸ ࠗᑠἨሙ༓⛅ᴦ㸫Ⓨゝຊ㸲㸫࠘㸦୕᭩⡠㸪2008 ࡢᢈุࢆචࢀ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋ㸪㹇㹁㹒 ᖺ㸰᭶㸧ࡢห⾜࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྠ᭩ࡣ㸪 㛵ࡍࡿ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ▱㆑༴ᶵព㆑࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ ၥ㢟ࢆ❶❧࡚ࡋ࡚ಶูྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࡸ⤒ ࢀࡤ㸪ᐇ㸪ࡍ࡛༙ࡢ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ ⦋➼ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝࢆࡋࡓᚋ㸪ࡇࢀ㛵ࡍࡿᨻᐙ ࡿ➻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㉳ࡁ࡚ ࡢࠕⓎゝࠖࢆ᪂⪺➼ࡽ」ᩘᘬ⏝ࡋ㸪ၥ㢟 ࡋࡲ࠺ၥ㢟ᑐࡍࡿ༴ᶵព㆑ࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡣ㸪୍ ࡢ㛵㐃ࡸᙜࡢ♫≧ἣ➼ࢆࡩࡲ࠼࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿ
߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ܇҄↚↯ᨋᆱ 211
ࢫࢱࣝࢆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪ྠ᭩ࡢ୰࡛ ࡼ࠺࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪㸱ᖺ๓
ࠕ33 ᮅ㩭ၥ㢟㸦pp204-216㸧ࠖࢆᢸᙜࡋ㸪ᙜ 㸪ࡸࡣࡾᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡀཎᅉ࠾ࡰࡋࡁ㸪 㸪ୡ㛫ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ᭱㧗₻ࡓࡲࡾ㸪ෆᨻࡲ࡛ ྍゎ࡞⌧㇟㐼㐝ࡋࡓࠋḟ࡞ࡿࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ㔜せ ᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡡ࡞࠸እၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡞ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ୰㉳ࡇࡗࡓࢺࣛࣈ࡛ࣝ㸪ᚋ ࡓᮅ㩭ࡼࡿᢼ⮴⿕ᐖࡸ㸪᰾ཬࡧ࣑ࢧࣝ㛤Ⓨ ᪥㸪㐣ཤၥ㞟࠸࠺ᙧ࡛බหࡉࢀࡿᩥ᭩ࡣ㐪࠸ ➼ࡘ࠸࡚ᇳ➹ࡋࡓ(6)ࠋ ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪㏻ᖖࡢฟ∧㐣⛬࡛ࡢฟ᮶࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ ࡑࡢ㝿Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈࣝ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪⚾ࡀᥦ ௳㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜ↛㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆక࠺ࡓࡵ㸪࠶ࡾ ฟཎ✏࠾࠸࡚ㄞⅬ࡛⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⟠ᡤࡢ୍㒊 ࡢࡲࡲࡢヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂ࡏ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛⏕ ࡀ㸪࡞ࡐึᰯ࡛ࡣྃⅬᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸪 ࡌࡓࡘࡢ⌧㇟ࡘࡁ㸪ᕪࡋ㞀ࡾࡢ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛⤂ ྠࡌࡃ₎Ꮠ⾲グࡀᖹ௬ྡኚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸦࠶ ࢆࡋࡓ࠸(7)ࠋ ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ㏫ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸧㸪࠸ࡗࡓ㢮࠸ࡢࡶ ࡲࡎ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪㑅ᢥၥ㢟࠾ࡅࡿㄒ⩌ࡢ୍㒊 ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋືࡶࡍࡿல⣽࡞ၥ㢟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ ࡀ㸪సၥ⪅ࡀ⏝ពࡋࡓ༢ㄒࡢྠ⩏ㄒᡭ⨨ࡁ ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᩥ୰ࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡣ㸪᪂⪺グࡽ ࢃࡿ࠸࠺㦫ࡃࡁ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤᥦฟ ࡢࠕᘬ⏝ࠖ࠶ࡓࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡓ࠼Ꮠྃࢆᕪࡋ᭰࠼ ཎ✏࡛ࡣ“primus inter pares”ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ ࡓ᪉ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪 ࡀ㸪ึᰯ࡛ࡣ“prime minister”⨨ࡁࢃࡗ࡚࠸ ᡭࡇࢀࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠼ࡤࠕᨵ❠ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ ࡓ࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ㸪࠶ࡿタၥࡢ ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡲࡎࡣఱேࡢඹⴭ⪅┦ ᩥ❶ࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᅗࡏࡎྠࡌฟ㢟ᙧᘧࢆࡿูࡢ ㄯࡋ㸪ྠᵝࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓୖ タၥࡢᩥ❶㸪ࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡿ࠸ ࡛ฟ∧♫ࢆၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡳࡓࠋᬻࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚ ࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤᥦฟཎ✏࡛ࡣ“…᭱ࡶ㐺 㸬㸬 ฟ∧♫ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᅇ⟅ࡣ㸪ධ♫ࡋࡓࡤࡾࡢ᪂ ษ࡞ไᗘࢆ࠼ࡽࡧ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ”ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓၥ㢟ᩥࡀ㸪 㸬㸬 ேࡢ⦅㞟ᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ㸪ᑓ㛛᭩࡞ࡽࡠ୍⯡᭩࡞ࡽࡤၥ ึᰯ࡛ࡣ࡛㢖⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ“…᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢ 㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡛㸪ࡴࡋࢁⰋࢀᛮ ࢆ࠼ࡽࡧ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ”࠸࠺ၥ㢟ᩥ⨨ࡁࢃࡗ࡚ ࠸㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆ⏝ࡋ ࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ༳ๅ⣬ཬࡧᥦฟࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≧ἣࡽᮏ௳ࢆ ࡇࢀࡀ⚾ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝ㐼㐝 ᳨ドࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪」ᩘࡢጤဨ ࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛㸪ᙜࡣࡲࡔᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ ࡛సᡂࡋࡓヨ㦂ၥ㢟⤫୍ឤࢆࡶࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ ࡢᶵ⬟ࡇࢁ㸪Ꮡᅾࡍࡽ▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡲ ㈐௵⪅ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓసᴗࡢ୰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࡗࡓࡃࡶࡗ࡚⌮ゎ⬟࡞ႚ㦫ࡍࡁฟ᮶ឤ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋฟ㢟ጤဨࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㔜㈐ࢆᢸ࠺㈐௵⪅ ࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᡭᇳ➹⪅ࡢពᅗࡋ࡞࠸ ࡀ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ᨾពΰࢆᣍࡃࡼ࠺࡞ᨵ⦅ࢆࡋ࡚⮬ ᩥ❶⾲⌧ኚ᭦ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࡽ✰ࢆ᥀ࡿࢃࡅࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡃ㌟ぬ࠼ࡀ࡞࠸ᵝ ࡇࢀࡽࡣㄗ᳜➼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ึᰯ༢య࠶ࡽ Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺෆⶶࡉࢀ ࡉࡲ࡞㐪ឤࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ⮬↛ㄞࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ ࡚࠸ࡿ༢ㄒࡢ⨨ᶵ⬟࠶ࡓࡾཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࡣⴭస⪅ᮏே࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᰯṇ࡛ཎ✏ ࡣ࡞࠸᥎ᐹࡉࢀ㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏬୍ ึᰯࡢ↷ྜࢆ⢭ᐦ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪Ⓨぬ ᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿసᴗ⏝࠸ࡿࡣ᭱㐺࡞ᶵ⬟࡛ ࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࠸࠺Ⅼ㸪࠼ࡶ࠸ࢃࢀࡠẼ ࠶ࡗࡓ➻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢁࡀ㸪ᅇࡣ࠶ࡿࡼ ࡉࢆឤࡌࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ௳ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡾ㸪୍ࡘ┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣṇゎࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀ࡞࠸タၥ㸪 ฟ∧♫ഃࡀ㎿㏿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡓ ࡘ┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゎ⟅⪅ΰࢆᣍࡁࡡ࡞࠸ ࡵ㸪࡞ࡁࢆᚓࡓࠋ ⮬↛࡞タၥ㸪༴࠺ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ ࡑࡢᚋࡋࡤࡽࡃࡣ㸪ᖾ࠸ࡋ࡚⚾ࡢ║๓࡛ྠࡌ ࡗࡓࠋ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 212
ࡇࡢࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ⮬↛࡞ㄗ᳜➼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓ ࡵ㸪༳ๅ⣬ࢆ༢య࡛ධᛕ═ࡵ࡚ࡶࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ 㸱㸬ཎ✏ࡢ࣓࣮ࣝ㏦ಙㄗ㏦ࡢᜍᛧ Ẽࡁ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋࡋࡶཎ✏ᥦฟ࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࡍ࡛ ධᛕ☜ㄆసᴗࢆࡋࡓసၥ⪅ᮏேࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᙜ ⌧௦ࡢ㧗ᗘሗ㏻ಙ♫ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿᡃࠎࡗ ↛㸪ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸➻࠸࠺ඛධほࡀᙉ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪࡞࠾ ࡚㸪࠸ࡲࡉࡽ࣓࣮ࣝࡢ౽ᛶ␗㆟ࢆ࡞࠼ࡿ⪅ ࡉࡽ⮬ศ࡛Ẽࡃࡇࡣᅔ㞴࠸࠼ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡇ ࡣⓙ↓࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ྠ ࢀࡽࡢḞ㝗ࡣูࡢጤဨࡽࡢᣦࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨぬ ࣓࣮࡛ࣝᛌ࡞⤒㦂ࢆࡋࡓࡇࡢ࡞࠸ே㛫 ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡘ┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୕ᰯ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ ࡶⓙ↓࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋ㸪ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ࡇ ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᣦࡉࢀ㸪ఱᰯṇసᴗ୰ಟṇࡍࡿ 㸪ࡋ࡚࣓࣮ࣝࡣேࢆṚࡍࡽㄏ࠺ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡋࡔ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢆ」ᩘே ࡿࠋᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡇࡣ┳㐣ࡋࡀࡓ࠸ ࡀඹྠ࡛సࡾୖࡆࡿసᴗࡺ࠼Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈ ၥ㢟ࡀ↓ᩘ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡽ ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼ᮍ↛㜼Ṇࡍࡿࡇ ୍ษ❧ࡕධࡽࡎ㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠸࠺㸪ఱࡶ≴ࡘࡲࡲࢀࡓࡢࡼ࠺ ⏝ࡋࡓཎ✏ࡢ㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡢࡳ↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞య㦂࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࡸᡃࠎࡣ㸪ฟ∧♫ฟྥ ௨ୖ㸪ෑ㢌࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡣ ࡃࡇࢁ㸪⦅㞟㒊ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡸ⦅⪅࣭ඹⴭ⪅ ᡂᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᩥ᭩ࢆసᡂࡍࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚᭷⏝ࡔࡀ㸪 ୍ᗘࡶ㢦ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡃཎ✏ࡢ㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡀ 」ᩘࡢே㛫ࡀ୍ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㛤ࡁ㸪⦅㞟సᴗ ྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓࠋῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ฟ∧㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪៖እࡢ༴㝤ࡀ 㒑㏦㈝ࡢ⠇⣙ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⥾ࡵษࡾ㛫㝿ࡲ࡛ᇳ➹ ࡶ࡞࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆᡃࠎࡣᙉࡃㄆ㆑ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ సᴗࡶ࡛ࡁ㸪ᥦฟ⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࢆࡲࡵ㈙ ࠶ࡿࠋᩥ୰࡛ࡢᘬ⏝ࡀᚲ㡲ࡢᩥ➹ᐙࡗ࡚ࡣࡴ ࠸ࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ ࡋࢁ⬣ጾ࡛ࡍࡽ࠶ࡿࡢࡀᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝ࠸࠼㸪 ୖࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṧࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣂࢵࢡ ࠸ᇳ➹⪅ᙜேࡀ⣽ᚰࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠸㸪࠸ࡗࡑ ࢵࣉࡢ௦ࢃࡾࡲ࡛ᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡇ ⏝ࡍࡽ᥍࠼ࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ඹྠసᴗ⪅ࡸྠࡌࣃࢯࢥ ࡇࡶពእ࡞ⴠࡋ✰ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࢹ࣮ ࣥࢆ⏝ࡍࡿᐙ᪘➼ࡀ↓⮬ぬࡇࢀࢆ⏝ࡋ㸪 ࢱࡢㄗ㏦࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛⤂ࡍࡿ ࠕୖ᭩ࡁಖᏑࠖࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ㸪⿕ᐖࡢ㊧ࢆ᥈ ࡣ㸪༢⣧࡞㐣ኻ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ⚾࡞ࡾࡢៅ ࡿࡇࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ 㔜࡞ᡭἲࡀ⅏࠸ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝᡤᒓᏛ⏕ࡢ༞ᴗㄽᩥࡢసᡂᣦ ᭱㏆ࡢ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺࡣ㸪ᩥ❶సᡂᙺ❧ࡘࡉ ᑟ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢆᗄࡘయ㦂ࡋ ࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐇ࠸ᡭ ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ྠࡌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ືస⎔ቃࡢ␗࡞ࡿࣃ ࡀⰋ࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪᭩ᘧタᐃࢆᑡࡋᕤኵࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ ࢯࢥࣥࡸ㸪ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇࢺ࡛ ࡞࠼ࡤ㸪㈨ᩱձࡢࡼ࠺ᐇ㝿ࡢㄅ㠃ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡿ 㛤ࡃ㸪ᩥ᭩ࡢෆᐜࡀࡸࡸྂ࠸ࡶࡢධࢀ᭰ࢃ ࢫࢱࣝࡰྠ୍ࡢ༳Ꮠࢆࡍࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟ ࡾ㸪ኚࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡿ(8)ࠋษ࡞ᩥ᭩ࢆ᭩ࡃ㝿㸪㸶ᖺ⛬๓ࡽ࡛࠶ ࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┠ୗ㸪ཎᅉ✲᫂୰࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࢁ࠺㸪⚾ࡣᚲࡎࡇ࠺ࡋࡓタᐃࢆ๓࠾ࡇ࡞ ྍ⬟ᛶࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡢ⪏⏝ᖺ ࠸㸪ఱᗘࡶࣉࣜࣥࢺ࢘ࢺࡋ࡚᥎ᩙࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍస ᩘࡢ㉸㐣࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡃࡶ㸪ᣦ ᴗ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ᰯṇࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙜ ᑟࡋࡓෆᐜࡀḟᅇཎ✏ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞ ↛㸪ᮏ✏ࡶࡑࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࡿ㸪ࢮ࣑⏕ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆᦆࡡࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡾ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ௬ࠕᏛཎ✏ࠖ࠸࠺ᩥ᭩ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱྡ ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪ࡴࢁࢇᏛ⏕ࡸᣦᑟᩍဨࡢㄗ ⛠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⚾ࡢయ㦂ࡋࡓኻᩋࡘࡁ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ ᧯సࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ㄝ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ܇҄↚↯ᨋᆱ 213
㈨ᩱձ &L1LL ࡽࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋࡓ 3')
⮬ᰯṇ⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㝿ࡢཎ✏
⮬ᰯṇࡢᡭ㡰ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚⡆༢࡛㸪ࡲࡎࡣᩥ᭩ࡀ ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ཎࢱࢺ࡛ࣝୖ᭩ࡁಖᏑࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ᡂࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ಖᏑࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ ࠸㸪⬺✏ࡍࡿࠋྂ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṧࡍ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪ࣂࢵࢡ ࢆ⏝⣬༳ๅࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࠶ࡓࡶࢤࣛๅࡾ㸦ᰯṇ ࢵࣉࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㒊ศⓗಟṇ๓ࡢ ๅࡾ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺⢭ᰝࡋ㸪㉥ࢆධࢀಟṇࡍࡿࠋࡘࡂ ᩥ❶ࡢ᪉ࡀⰋࡗࡓሙྜ࡞㸪▐ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᘬ ࣃࢯࢥࣥྥࡁྜࡗ࡚㸪⣬ࡢୖ࡛ࡢಟṇ⟠ᡤࢆ ࡁฟࡏ࡚ྜ⌮ⓗࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍㏻ࡾධຊࡋ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱᫎࡉࡏ㸪ึᰯࢆ⤊࠼ࡓ ࡇࡢ⮬ᰯṇࡌࡓ࠸ࡣ㸪ᡂᗘࡢ㧗࠸ཎ✏ࢆᥦ ཎ✏࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱྡࠕ㸯ࠖࢆຍ࠼㸪ࠕᏛ ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㸪ㄡ࡛ࡶ᥎ዡ࡛ࡁࡿᡭሀ࠸ᡭἲ ཎ✏㸯ࠖ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ู࡛ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡋ࡚᪂つ ࠸࠼ࡿࠋᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆῧࣇࣝ ಖᏑࢆࡍࡿࠋྠࡌせ㡿࡛㸪ࠕ㸰㸪㸱ࠖ᥎ᩙࢆ⧞ ࡍࡿ㝿Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱྡࡢ┬␎࠸࠺ูࡢ ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪⣡ᚓࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪᭱ᚋᩒ࠼࡚ᩘᏐࡢ ၥ㢟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪㏻ᖖ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㔜ᗘࡢ㐣ኻ࡛
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 214
ࡶ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢᡭἲࡀཎᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄗ ㈨ᩱղ ㏦ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢁࡀ⚾ࡢሙྜࡣ㸪୍ᗘ㸪⬺✏ࡋࡓཎ✏ࢆ㸪⣬ ᖜࡢ㒔ྜ➼ࡼࡾᖜ᭩ࡁᨵࡵࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡃ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㉳ࡇ ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ΰࡢ࠶ࡲࡾᐇ㝿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㒊ศࢆ๐㝖ࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪௨ୗ㸪グ᠈ࡢ⣒ࢆࡓࡄࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᙜࡢ⚾ࡣ㸪ཎ✏ࡢᖜᨵ⦅࠸࠺␗ ࡞సᴗ࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢΰྠࢆ㑊ࡅࡿᚰ⟬࡛ࡶ ㈨ᩱճ ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ㸪ᖹ⣲ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᙜึࡢࠕᏛཎ✏ࠖ ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝࠸ࡎ㸪ࠕ࠙ᨵࠚᏛཎ✏ࠖ ᑡࡋࣞࣥࢪࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪๓㏙ ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞⮬ᰯṇࢆఱᗘ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪ᝎࡳᝎ ࢇ࡛ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ⬺✏࡛ࡁࡓࡇࢁ࡛㸪ᗘࡣẼศࡶ ᪂ࡓ࠸ࡗࡓពᅗ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࠕ࠙᪂ࠚᏛ ཎ✏ࠖ࠸࠺ูࡢྡ⛠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖᏑࡋ ࡓࠋᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ୍Ꮠ୍ྃࡢ⾲⌧ࡇ ࡔࢃࡗ࡚᭩ࡁୖࡆࡓ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃ᭱⤊ཎ✏࡞ࡿࡣ ࡎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ㸪⏕ࡌࡓ⤖ᯝࡢࡁࡉⱞᝎࡋ㸪ᗄศᮇ ᙜࡢ≧ἣࢆ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀḟ㡫ࡢ㈨ᩱղ࡛㸪 㛫ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋ㸪⚾࡞ࡾࢺࣛࣈࣝࡢཎᅉ✲᫂ࢆࡍࡿ ఱᅇࡶ⮬ᰯṇࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅗࡽࡎࡶࣇ࢛ ୰࡛Ⓨぢࡋࡓ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ↛㸪ពᅗⓗࡋࡓ⾜ ࣝࢲ࣮ෆఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ྡ⛠ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀከᩘ୪ࡪ Ⅽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ㝿ఱࡀ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪 ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀศࡿ(9)ࠋ࡞ࡗ࡚෭㟼═ ᙜࡢ⚾ࡶ☜ドࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔ㸪๓⪅ ࡵࢀࡤ㸪ணᮇࡏࡠࡇࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ࡶᛮ㆟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࢆᚋ⪅ྲྀࡾ㐪࠼࡚ῧࣇ࡛ࣝ㏦ಙࡋ࡚ࡋ ≧ἣ┳ྲྀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ᢡᝏࡃ࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝࡋࡀࡓ࠸ ࡲ࠺࠸࠺㸪࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄗ㏦ࡀ㸪 ㅮ₇ࡶ㔜࡞ࡾ㸪ཎ✏ࡢᖜᨵ⦅ᅄⱞඵⱞࡋ㸪࠶ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ ࢁ࠺ࡇ⥾ࡵษࡾࢆ㉸㐣ࡋ㸪ࡲࡉࡋࡃᚲṚ࡞ ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺᥎⌮ࢆ㸪ᛗᛸࡓࡿ࠸࡛㏙ࡓࡲ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᙜࡢ⚾ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡣⓙ↓࡛࠶ ࡛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ㜵ࡄලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ ㏻ᖖ⚾ࡣ㸪㈨ᩱղࡢࡼ࠺㸪ࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ෆࢆࠕ᭦ ࢱࡢ᪂ᪧࡢูࡀ㸪㏻ࡋ␒ྕ୍࡛┠░↛࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ ᪂᪥ࠖ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ᭱ୖ㒊᮶ࡿ ࡞⟶⌮ᑾࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪సࡾ┤ࡋ ࡼ࠺࡞タᐃࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆࠕྡ๓ࠖ ࡓᅇᩘࡀุ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ ࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡋ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ༑㡢㡰ࡋࡓࡶ Ẽࡎࡋࡉࡽ㸪ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ᩒ࠼࡚᭦᪂ᅇ ࡢࡀ㈨ᩱճ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせࡣ㸪ࡓࡗࡓ୍ᗘ㸪ఱࡢ᧯ ᩘࡢ㊧ࢆᾘࡋ࡚ࡽᥦฟࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⟶⌮ࢆ సࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᢿᏊࠕྡ๓ࠖࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡋ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࠼ࡤࠕ150911ࠖ࠸ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࠕ࠙ᨵࠚᏛཎ✏ࠖࠕ࠙᪂ࠚ ࡗࡓලྜ㸪ࣇࣝྡࡢෑ㢌సᡂࡋࡓᖺ᭶᪥ Ꮫཎ✏ࠖࡣ㸪ࡉࡋࡓࡿ㐪ឤ࡞ࡃ㸪࠸ࡶ⡆༢ ࢆ␒ྕࡋ࡚ධࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶྠ✀ࡢၥ 㡰␒ࡀධࢀ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㢟ࡣ࡞ࡾࡢ☜⋡࡛ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡃࢃ࠼࡚㸪ࢹ
߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ܇҄↚↯ᨋᆱ 215
࣮ࢱࡢᥦฟ๓ࡣ㸪ᚲࡎࠕ᭦᪂᪥ࠖࡢࢱࣈࢆࢡ ࣮࡛ࣝ㏦ཷಙࡏࡎ㸪ཎ๎༳ๅ⣬࡛㐵ࡾྲྀࡾࡍࡿ ࣜࢵࢡࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⩦័ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡶ ࡇࡀᖖ㐨࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᖾ࠸ࡋ࡚ᮏົᰯෆ࡛ࡢ☜ㄆ㡯 ࡘࡂ㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝᶵ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ 㛵ࡍࡿ᭩㢮࡛㉳ࡁ㸪ࡘඃ⚽࡞ົᒁࡢᣦࡼ ᩥ᭩ࡢࡸࡾࡾ࠾ࡅࡿㄗ㏦ࡢ༴㝤ࡘࡁ㸪ඛ ࡗ࡚࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣄࣖࣜࣁࢵࢺ࡛῭ࢇࡔࠋ ࡶᑡࡋゐࢀࡓ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘูࡢゝཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ࡶࡋࡀ୍㸪ࠕ2015 ᖺᗘࠕᨻᏛࠖ ࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩ྡࡢ㛗࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡸࡾࡾ㸪 ᡂ⦼⾲㸦㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ㸧ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ࢩ ≉㏦ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᚲせ⟠ᡤࡢࡳᙜ᪉ ࣛࣂࢫఱ຺㐪࠸ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ➼ㄗ㏦ࡋ࡚ ࡀຍ➹ࡋ㸪༳ๅࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡃࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃ୖ ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡋࡓࡽ㸪࠺ࡗࡾ࣑ࢫ࡛ࡣ῭ࡲࡉࢀࡲ ࡛ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚㏉㏦ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᥦฟ᭩㢮࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪⏝㏵ูࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖ⟶ࡍࡿࣇ࢛ࣝ ⏕ࡋࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢲ࣮ࢆ㝵ᒙࡋ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋ࡚ ㈨ᩱմࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣝࡢῧࣇࣝࢆࢲ࢘ࣥ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖᏑࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㝿ࡶ㸪⮬ศ࡞ࡾุู ࣮ࣟࢻࡋ࡚ಖᏑࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ྡ⛠ࢆࡅ┤ࡋ࡚ಖᏑࡍࡿ࡞㸪᪥ࠎ㸪 ࢆ୍▌ࡍࢀࡤศࡿࡼ࠺㸪㸷ᩥᏐࢆ㉸㐣ࡍࡿᩥ ࢹ࣮ࢱ⟶⌮ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ὀពࢆᡶࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ ᭩ྡࡢ୍㒊ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ͏ࠖ⾲グ࡞ࡗ࡚┬␎ ㄡ࡛ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿ࣑ࢫ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẼࢆࡘࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ࡢࡣ㸪⏬㠃ୖ⾲♧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪୍ 㸲㸬ࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟ ࣓ࣔࣜࡢ៧㨚 ⓗࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ USB ྡ⛠⮬యࡀ⮬ືⓗ㸰Ⅼ࣮ࣜࢲᕪࡋ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚ ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ಶேሗࡢಖㆤ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࡀᡂ❧ ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ(10)ࠋ ࡋ࡚᪩༑ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ㸪ࡸ♫ࡢ࠸ࡓࡿᡤ࡛ࣉࣛ ࣂࢩ࣮ᶒ㓄៖ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞⤌ࡳࡀᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ ㈨ᩱմ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋᪧ௦ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡣ᱆ 㐪࠸ࡢᐜ㔞ࢆࡾ㸪ࡘᦠᖏᛶࡶඃࢀẚ㍑ⓗ Ᏻ౯࡞ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣ(11)㸪Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡸ▐ࡃ㛫ᬑ ཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ಖㆤ ್ࡍࡿಶேሗࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞ᶵᐦࢆྵࢇࡔ㔜せ࡞ࢹ ࣮ࢱࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡇࡑ୍⧳ࡵ࡛Ẽ㍍ᣢࡕ㐠ࡤࢀࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪⣮ኻ➼ࡼࡿࢹ࣮ࢱὶฟࡢࣜࢫࢡࡶ᱁ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪௬ࠕ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ 2015 ẁቑࡍࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺཎ✏㸦℧ᕝ㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞㸪Ⓩሙࡋࡓࡢࡀࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻᶵ⬟ࡢ ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆῧࣇ࡛ࣝ㏦ཷಙࡍࡿ࡞ࡿ㸪 ࡘ࠸ࡓ USB ࣓ࣔࣜ㸦௨ୗ㸪P-U-M ␎グࡍࡿ㸧 ࠕ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ͏ࠖࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྡ⛠ࡀ┬␎ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⡆᫆࡞ࡶࡢࡽ」㞧࡞ࡶࡢࡲ࡛㸪ࡉࡲࡊ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡏࡗࡃᶆ ࡲ࡞ࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ㈍ࡉࢀ 㢟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕㄡࡀ㸪ఱ㸪ఱࢆࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ(12)ࠋᙜ↛㸪◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀᢅ࠺ᩥ᭩ ಶูᛶࢆุูࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ሗࡀ⏬୍ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡢ୰ࡶ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤᏛ⏕ࡢಶேሗࡸᏛෆࡢᶵ ࡲ࠸㸪ᙜ↛㸪᭩㢮ࢆᥦฟࡍࡿഃࡶ㸪ཷࡅྲྀࡿഃࡶ ᐦ㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟㸪◊✲ࡢᵓ➼ࠎ㸪㔜せ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡿཎᅉࡶ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ ከᩘྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ࡶࡀ ⌧≧㸪ᮏົᰯࡢᏛົᒁ࡛ࡣ㸪㔜せ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ ୍⣮ኻࡋࡓ㝿ࡢಖ㝤ࡋ࡚ P-U-M ࢆឡ⏝ࡍࡿ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣሗ₃ὤ➼ࡢ༴㝤ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣓ ⪅ࡣỴࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 216
⚾ࡀP-U-M ࢆึࡵ࡚⏝ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸳ᖺ๓ ࡋ㸪ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ヰࡣ᪉ࠎ࡛⫈࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୰ࡣ࣐ ࡢࡇ࡛㸪᯾Ꮫ᯾Ꮫ㒊ࡢᡂ⦼⾲ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ົ ࢽࣗࣝ㏻ࡾ᧯సࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࢹ ᒁᥦฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑ ࣮ࢱࡀᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺ᝒ㬆ࡶ」ᩘ⪥ ࡢᚋ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆక࠺ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ࠾࠸࡚ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ┿ഇࡢ⛬ࡣᐃ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾᥦฟ⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚㆑ู␒ ࠸ࡎࢀࡏࡼ㸪⚾⮬㌟ࡣ P-U-M ࡢᏳᚰឤច ྕࡁࡢࡶࡢࡀ㓄ࡉࢀ㸪ఱᗘ⏝ࡍࡿᶵࢆ ࢀ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࣓࣮ࣥࡢグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚㸯ᖺ௨ୖࢃ ᚓࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᙜึࡣ⏝᪉ἲᡞᝨ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪 ࡓࡾ㸪㢖⦾⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪☜ྍゎ࡞⌧ ࡑࡢࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࣮ᶵ⬟౯್ࢆぢฟࡋ㸪⚾ಶே ㇟ࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ㉳ࡁࡓࡢࡣᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑ ࡛ࡶ㸰ᖺ๓ࡽᖺࡲ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࣓࣮ࣥࡢࢹ ࢀࡽࡀ✚ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡢ㸪⏝㛤ጞࡽ⣙㸯 ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ㡭㸪ᴟࡵ࡚གྷ࡞ၥ㢟┤㠃ࡋ㸪ࡸ P-U-M ࡣ㟂せࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㈍౯ ࡴ࡞ࡃ P-U-M ࡢ⏝ࢆ୰Ṇࡋࡓḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᱁ࡶ࡞ࡾୗⴠࡋ㸪ᚋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᬑཬࡀணࡉ ࡢⓎ➃ࡣ㸪P-U-M ෆ࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࣉࣜ ࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇࡶᛮࢃࡠⴠࡋ✰ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ➼࡛⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࡿࠋ⫈ࡃࡇࢁࡼࢀࡤ㸪⡆᫆ࡢࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࣟࢵࢡࢆࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࢚࣮ࣛ⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚ࡋ ࡢሙྜ㸪⇍㐩⪅࡛࠶ࢀࡤࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ ࡲ࠸㸪P-U-M ࢆྲྀࡾእࡏ࡞࠸࠸࠺ලྜ࡛࠶ ࡶ㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ゎᯒࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡾฟࡏ࡚ ࡗࡓグ᠈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣓࣮࡛ࣥ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㧗ᗘ࡞㆟ㄽࡣ ୖ㸪࠺࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡇࢀࢆᣢཧࡋ࡚እฟࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡀ ᑓ㛛ᐙㆡࡿࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ⚾ࡢ◊✲ 㐨⌮࠸࠼㸪᪉࡞ࡃᙜึࡣࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢࣁ࣮ࢻࢹ ᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢⱞ࠸య㦂ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࡵࡓ ࢫࢡࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࢆࡗࡓୖ࡛㸪ࣟࢵࢡࡀ ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡤᏳ࣭Ᏻᚰࡢ௦ൾࡋ࡚Ⓨ ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ㟁※ࢆⴠࡋ࡚ ࡋࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠕࣇࣝࡢ◚ᦆࠖࡼࡤࢀࡿ⌧㇟ ࡽ㸪P-U-M ࢆྲྀࡾእࡍ࠸࠺సᴗࢆᜍࡿᜍࡿ࠾ ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡀඖ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪సᡂࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ⤖ᯝⓗ ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀ㸪ᮏ᮶㸪እฟ๓ࡑࡢࡼ ᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠺࡞ᝆ㛗࡞సᴗࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿవ⿱ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅࡶ࡞ ᭱ึࡢࡣ㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ᯾Ꮫ᯾Ꮫ㒊ࡢᡂ⦼⾲ ࡃ㸪≉ OS ࡢ⮬ື᭦᪂࡞ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸪 సᡂ࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⚾ࡀึࡵ࡚ P-U-M ࢆ⏝ ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ㟁※ࡀษࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ┦ᙜ࡞ ࡋࡓࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ఱ㛫ࡅ 㛫ࢆせࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ᝏࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࣂ ࡚సᡂࡋࡓᡂ⦼⾲ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ◚ᦆࡋ㸪ົᒁ࡛ࡶ ࢵࢡࢵࣉࡣࡗ࡚࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ᏻᚰឤ㸪㛫ⓗ 㛤ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪㠀࡞ࡃ᭱ึࡽධຊࡍࡿ ไ⣙ࡽࡸࡴ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢩࣕࢵࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ୰ࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ ⩚┠࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཎᅉࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ௨ ࡽ P-U-M ࢆᘬࡁᢤ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡶఱᗘࡣ ๓ࡢ⤒㦂ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࠕUSB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣࣇࣟࢵ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡ㐪࠸㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ࡉࡽࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᨾࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋົᒁ❧ࡕ ࡿ᭱୰࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪⢒㞧ᢅࡗ࡚ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᾘ ᐤࡗࡓࡘ࠸࡛㸪ົဨࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ P-U-M ࢆ ኻࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ᛮ࠸㎸ࡳࡽ㸪ㄝ᫂᭩ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ ┤᥋ࡘ࡞࠸࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཷࡅΏࡋࡓ㝿㸪ᡤᐃࡢసᴗ ㏻ࡾ P-U-M ࢆࣃࢯࢥࣥࡽྲྀࡾእࡉ࡞ࡗࡓ ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࡎ㸪࠸ࡁ࡞ࡾࡇࢀࢆᘬࡁᢤࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡇࡼࡿࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡀࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࢆධຊࡋ࡚ࣇ࢛ ࠸ࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞⚾ࡢ↓▱ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡏࡗࡃ ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆ㛤ࡃᵝᏊࢆ┠๓࡛ぢ࡚࠸ࡓ➻ࡢᙜே࡛ ົᒁࡀㄝ᫂᭩ࢆࣉࣜࣥࢺ࢘ࢺࡋ㸪ྠᑒࡋ࡚ࡃ ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪༢ఱᒙࡶ㝵ᒙࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ ࢀࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎ㉳ࡁࡓኻᩋ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᨾព࡛ࡣ ࡢ୰ࡽ┠ⓗࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡍసᴗㄗㄆࡋ ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㉥㠃ࡢ⮳ࡾ࠸࠺࡞࠸ࠋࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡶ↓⌮࡞ࡽࡠヰ࡛㸪
߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ܇҄↚↯ᨋᆱ 217
እぢୖ㸪P-U-M ㏻ᖖࡢ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣุูࡀࡘ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᛕࡢࡓࡵゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢᨾࢆ㜵ࡄࡣ㸪ᣢࡕࡀ 㸪ᮏ௳㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࢘ ᭱ึ P-U-M ࡛࠶ࡿ᪨㸪┦ᡭ᫂☜ఏ࠼࡚࠾ ࣝࢫࡢᏑᅾࡶᠱᛕࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪᭱᪂ࡘ」ᩘࡢ ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢘ࣝࢫᑐ⟇ࢯࣇࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡳࡓࡀ㸪ၥ㢟ࡣ᳨ฟ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᮏព࡞ࡀࡽၥ㢟ྵࡳࡢ⏝ࢆ ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ(13)ࠋ ⥆ࡅࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⚾ࡀᖖ⏝ࡍࡿ P-U-M ෆࡢ㸪ᩘࡋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪P-U-M 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ✏ࡢ ࡚ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸㸵㸣⛬ᗘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀṇᖖᒎ㛤࡛ࡁ 㢟ࡓࡿฟ∧㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࡲ࡛ࡣⓎᒎࡋ࡚ ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᅔࡗࡓែ㝗ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ≧ࡢ ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡍ࡛ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩ࢹ ⠊ᅖࡣ㸪⚾ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸୍ኴ㑻ࢆ ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ ࡣࡌࡵ㸪࣮࣡ࢻࡸ࢚ࢡࢭࣝ㸪ࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺ㸪PDF ◚ᦆ࣭ᾘኻࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡗ࡚ࡣᙧ ࡞㸪࠾࠾ࡴࡡ✀㢮ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࢹ ᐜࡋࡀࡓ࠸῝้࡞ၥ㢟࠸࠼ࡿࠋ⚾ࡢሙྜ㸪㐣ཤ ࣮ࢱࡢᐜ㔞ࡸసᡂࡉࢀࡓᮇ࡞ࡶ⿕ᐖࡣ↓ ࣇࣟࢵࣆ࣮ࢹࢫࢡࡢ⏝࡛ᩓࠎ࡞┠㐼ࡗ 㛵ಀ࡞ࡼ࠺࡛㸪እぢୖࡣᩥ᭩ࡢྡ⛠ࡸࣉࣟࣃࢸ ࡓ⤒㦂ࡽ㸪ࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࣇࣝࢆᑠࡲࡵ ࣮ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ṇᖖ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢぢศࡅࡀࡘ ࡿ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝⓗᡃࡀ⾑⫗ࡢࡈࡁ ࡞࠸ࠋ ษ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᾘኻ࠸࠺ᝒࡣචࢀ㸪ᖾ
㈨ᩱյ ୰ࡢᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪P-U-M ࡢ⏝Ṇࡽ 15 ࣨ᭶௨ୖ⤒ 㐣ࡋࡓ⌧ᅾࡶࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࡢᦠ⾜ࡀḞࡏ࡞࠸ ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋẖ᪥ࡢࡼ࠺ᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂࢆ࠾ࡇ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᡃࠎࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫋࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡶ㢖 ⦾ࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸㸪ࡇࢀࡀඖ࡛᪂ࡓ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡀ㉳ ࡇࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᚰ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⤖ᒁࡢࡇࢁ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢලྜࡢཎᅉࡶఱᗘ ࡢࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛࡢ✚࠸ࡗࡓ⛬ᗘࡋศ ၥ㢟ࡢ≧ࡣఱ㏻ࡾ࠶ࡾ㸪㈨ᩱյࡢࡼ࠺ ࡽࡎ㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࡦࡘ⿕ᐖࡢつᶍࡸែᵝ
ࣇࣝࡀㄞࡳ㎸ࡵ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚㸪࣊ ࡶุ↛ࡋ࡞࠸(14)ࠋṇ㛤ࢀ㸪➨୕⪅ࡢᡭ ࣝࣉࡢᣦ♧㏻ࡾᑐฎࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㛤ࡅ࡞࠸ Ώࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡃࡽ࠸࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࠸ࡗࡑඖࡽቯࡋ࡚ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡸ㸪ุㄞ᫂࡞⾲♧ࡀฟ࡚࣊ࣝࣉࡍࡽཧ↷ ࡋࡲ࠼࠸࠺Ⓨࡣ㸪ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᏲࡾ᪉ࡢ✲ᴟ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࠋჃᜥࡤࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ ᙧែࡋ࡚⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࢺࣛࣈ ᪉ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪㛫ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚ࡣ㸪ྛಶᧁ◚᪉ᘧ ࣝࡢཎᅉࡶ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾࡶ᭕ᶍ ࡛ࣇࣝࢆ୍ࡘࡎࡘ㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡁ㸪␗ᖖࡀฟࡓሙ ⢶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ୖ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ P-U-M ࢆ࣓࣮ࣥ ྜࡣࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࣇࣝ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱグ㘓፹యࡋ࡚㢖⦾⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪 ᆅ㐨࡞ᪧసᴗ࠸ࡑࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡶ࠺ᑡࡋຠ⋡ ࣜࢫࢡࡢ᪉ࡀࡁࡍࡂࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ⓗ࡞ࡸࡾࡓࡶ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪གྷ࡞ ᭱ᚋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ P-U-M 㝈ࡗࡓၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡇ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢ≧ࡣ➨୕ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡀ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣࠕᾘ⪖ရ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᐇ ࡑࢀࡣᩥ᭩ࢆ㛤ࡃࡇ⮬యࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪㒊ศⓗ ࡘ࠸࡚ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᑓ㛛ᐙࡢヰࡼࡿ ᩥᏐࡅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࢆⓎぢࡍࡿ 㸪㏻ᖖࡣ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜ᪂つಖᏑࡸୖ᭩ࡁಖ ࡣ⏬㠃ࢆ୍㏻ࡾࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࣝࡉࡏ࡚☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡅ Ꮡࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠾࠺ࡍࡿᚎࠎලྜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 218
ࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡛⪏⏝㝈⏺ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡇ 㹁㹒ࡢ౽ᛶ౫ᣐࡋࡍࡂࡎ㸪ᚑ᮶㸪ษࡉࢀ ࢆ⮬↛▱ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ(15)ࠋ⟶ぢࡢ ࡚ࡁࡓ⾜⛬ࢆᑀ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡣ 㝈ࡾ㸪ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡢᣢࡕࡣᑡ࡞࠸ ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋ➃ⓗ࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ ࡼ࠺ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜෆࡢグ᠈⣲ ᭩ࢆฟ∧ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚Ḟࡏ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ Ꮚࡀຎࡍࡿࡇ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡸࡣࡾᙜ⪅㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐦࡋ㸪 ࡇࢁࡀ㸪⚾ࡀ┤㠃ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢୖ ࠸ሗ࿌࣭㐃⤡࣭┦ㄯࡋ㸪ὀពࢆႏ㉳ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ ᭩ࡁࡇࢁ㸪ㄞࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪ᘬࡁฟࡋࡀ✺↛ࡘ୍ 㸪ేࡏ࡚ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ⏬㠃ୖ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪༳ๅ⣬ ษ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡛ࡢᰯṇࢆࡋࡗࡾ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢᡤぢࡣ㸪USB ࣓ࣔࣜෆࡢࡢ㒊ศ ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ࢆ⤒࡚ࣇࣟࡽࡣ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤࢹ࣮ ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓᣦ ࢱྡࡢෑ㢌㸱᱆ࡢᩘᏐࢆࡘࡅ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㸪ࣇ࢛ ௧ⓗ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍ⣲Ꮚࡀຎࡋ㸪ᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ⌋ࡋ ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆᑀ㝵ᒙࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ෆ ࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱ⮬యࡣṧᏑࡋ ⣮ࡽࢃࡋ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆΰᅾࡉࡏ࡞࠸㸪㹄㹂ጤဨ ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑓ㛛ᴗ⪅ᩘ㐌㛫㡸ࡅ࡚ጤクࡍࢀ ➼ᐓ࡛ㅮ⩦ࢆ⏬ࡍࡿ࠸ࡗࡓලయⓗࡘ ࡤ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᘬࡁฟࡋࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ ᭷┈࡞ᚚពぢࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪 ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ᢡᝏࡃ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົࢆࡶ ฟ∧⦅㞟⪅ࡽࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡞Ⓨゝࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡎࡶࡗ ࡞࠺ษ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᕤኵࡢ᪉ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ㦫࠸ࡓࠋࡸࡣࡾ ᪉ἲࡣ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᖾ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ ⤖ᒁࡢࡇࢁ㸪៖እࡢ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡣ㸪 ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ኴ㑻ෆⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࣂࢵࢡ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ᡃࠎࡢ㛫࡛ ࢵࣉࡢᒚṔࡽ㛤ࡃࠖ࠸࠺ಖ㝤ⓗ࡞⿵ຓᶵ⬟ ሗࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀ୍␒ษ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࠶ ༳ๅ⣬ࡼࡾ㸪㐣࡞ࡃᚲせ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆඖࡍࡿ ࡽࡓࡵ࡚③ឤࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ 㢌㸪ࡘ࡚⚾ࡀᣦᑟᩍᤵࡢᡭ᭩ࡁཎ✏ࢆࢹ࣮ ࢱࡋࡓヰゐࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᐇࡣ㸪⚾࡚ఱࡶᶵᲔⓗ ࡴࡍࡧ ཎ✏ࢆࡑࡗࡃࡾࡑࡢࡲࡲࢹ࣮ࢱධຊࡋࡓࢃࡅ 㹼⥭ᐦ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ༳ๅ⣬࡛ࡢᰯṇ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋㄗᏐࡸ⬺Ꮠࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑀ⟢ࢆ ௨ୖ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧ࡲࡘࢃࡿ ࡣࡗ࡚ཎ✏ࡢㄗࡾࢆᣦࡋ㸪࠸ࡗ࡚ࠕ⤊ࢃࡾࠖ ㅖసᴗࡢ㟁Ꮚ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸪ᜍࡿࡁ㝗✶ࡘ ࢆࠕ⤊ࡾࠖ⾲グࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㒊ศࡣ࠺ࡿࡉ ࡁ㸪⚾ࡢ◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᣋ࠸⤒㦂ࢆࡶ㏙ ࡃ❧ࡕධࡽࡎ㸪ᣦᑟᩍᤵࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࣮ᛮ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏฟ∧Ꮫ 2014 ᖺᗘᏘ◊ ࠸ࢆ⮴ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ఱᮇᚅ௨ୖࡢࢆࡋ࡚ㄆ ✲Ⓨ⾲㸦2014 ᖺ㸳᭶ 17 ᪥㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮏ✏ ࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸࠸࠺୍ᚰ࡛సᴗࢆࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ྠࡌࢸ࣮࣐࡛Ⓨ⾲ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪๓ᚋ㛵ಀ ࠶ࡿࠋ⳹ࣛࣥࢳ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪ᐇࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓసᴗ ࡛࠸࠺㸪ᐇࡣࡍ࡛ 2014 ᖺ㸰᭶ୖ᪪ࡣᮏ✏ ࠾࠸࡚⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⣬࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ ࡢ⣲✏ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ(16)ࠋணᮇࡏࡠኻᩋ┤㠃ࡋ㸪 ࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿሙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪⚾ࡢഃࡇ ࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢవࡾఱ⾜ືࡏࡎࡣᒃࡽࢀࡎ᭩ ࡑ㸪సᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ꮫࡪࡇࡀᐇከࡗࡓ࠸࠼ ࡁጞࡵࡓࡢࡀᇳ➹ࡢືᶵ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⣛వ᭤ᢡࡋ㸪ᐇ ࡿࠋ ᖺ㏆ࡃࡶຍ➹ಟṇࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡞ࡗ ࠸ࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ᩥ❶ࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡀ⌧ᅾ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ ࡓࠋ௨ୗࡢࠕࡴࡍࡧ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪◊✲Ⓨ⾲௨㝆࠾ ᮍ᮶ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ఱࡽࡢ⇕࠸࠸ࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ ᐤࡏ㡬࠸ࡓᚚពぢࡶ⤂ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᮏ✏ࢆ⥾ࡵᣓࡿ ࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ࿘▱ࡍࡿࡓࡵฟ∧≀ࡣห⾜ࡉࢀ ࡇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡿࠋᩥᏐࡢྥࡇ࠺స⪅ࡢ⏕ࡁᵝࡀᢞᙳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ᅇ㸪⚾ࡀ⤂ࡋࡓࡢ༙ࡣ㸪ᙜ⪅ࡀ㹇 ࡿࡇព㆑ࡋ㸪ᑐヰࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ฟ∧࣭⦅㞟స
߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ܇҄↚↯ᨋᆱ 219
ᴗྥࡁྜ࠺ࡇࡢษࡉࢆ㸪⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢኻᩋ ᅔ㞴࡛㸪㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾࡶ᫂░࡞ࡲࡲ㸪ࡑࡢ㈐ࡵࢆ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋᏛ⾡ฟ∧ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ ⴭస⪅ࡀ୍㌟㈇ࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸≧ἣ㝗ࡾࡀ ⌧ἣࡣཝࡋࡃ㸪࣮࣐࢟ࣥ࡞ࡿ⤒㦂㇏࡞⦅㞟⪅ ࡕᛮᩱࡉࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࡗ࡚ᮏ ࡀ㛫ᡭ㛫ࢆࡅ㸪ᇳ➹⪅ࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ ព࡞ཎ✏ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡣ㸪㈐௵ࡢᡤᅾ ࡿᜨࡲࢀࡓ⎔ቃࡣᴟࡵ࡚⛥࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪⦅㞟 பࠎࡣࡉ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ඹྠసᴗ⪅ࡓࡿඹⴭ⪅ࡸ ⪅ࡢカ⦎ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀ㸪ᇳ➹ࡢഐ ⦅㞟⪅ࡗ࡚ࡶᝒ௨እࡢఱࡶࡢࡶ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࡽ⦅⪅ࡸ⣖せጤဨ࠸ࡗࡓ⫪᭩ࡁࡢࡶ㸪⦅㞟స ࠸ࠋ ᴗࡢࡲࡡࡈࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ ࣃࢯࢥࣥ⩦⇍ࡋࡓ⦅㞟⪅ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᖖ㆑ⓗ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡞㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸ▱㆑ࡶ㸪◊✲ᩍ⫱ࢆᮏົࡍࡿ ⦅㞟సᴗࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿពᅗࡽ㸪ㄽᩥ➼ ᡃࠎࡣᮍ▱ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ࠎ㐍Ṍࡍࡿ㹇㹁㹒 ࡢᢞ✏つᐃࡸせ㡯➼ࡣ㸪ศ㔞ࡣࡶࡃ᭩ᘧࡸ ࢆ๓⾨ⓗྲྀࡾධࢀࡓฟ∧㐣⛬ࡣᬯኪ⾜㊰࡞ ࣇ࢛ࣥࢺࡲ࡛⣽ࡃᣦᐃࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡶぢࡅ ࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⾡ฟ∧ᦠࢃࡿ⇍㐩⪅ࡓࡕ ࡿࠋ“ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⟶⌮ࡣ⮬ᕫ㈐௵”ษࡾᤞ࡚࡚ࡋࡲ ࡣ㸪ᖹซ࡞㹇㹒ࢫ࢟ࣝࡋᣢࡓ࡞࠸ᇳ➹⪅ࡢྉࡧ ࢃࡎ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ヨࡳᮏ✏࡛⤂ࡋࡓ ┿ᦸ⪥ࢆഴࡅ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆᮍ↛㜵ࡄఱ “ᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂᖺ᭶᪥ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱྡෑ㢌ᤄධࡍࡿᡭ ࡽࡢ⤌⧊ࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ྥࡅ㸪✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᥦ ἲ”࡞ࡶᣦ♧ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ ゝࢆࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀࡾ㐪࠼ࡣ㉳ࡇ Ụ†ࡣ“ࡢୖሬࡾ”࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ ࡾ࠺ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡸᙳ㡪ࡣᑡ࡞ࡽࡎ ࡢ✀ࡢኻᩋࡀ✚ᴟⓗබ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ㸪⟶ ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ぢࡢ㝈ࡾ⛥ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢኻ ࡑࢀࡇࡑୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᶒጾࡉࢀࡿ⛉Ꮫ㞧ㄅᥖ ᩋࢆㄆࡵࡓࡃ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ༢⣧࡞⮬ᑛᚰ࠸࠺ ㍕ࡉࢀࡓඹྠ◊✲࡛ࡉ࠼㸪ࡑࢀࡀ࣑ࢫ࠸࠺ࡼࡾ ࡼࡾࡣ㸪࠺ࡶ㛵ಀ⪅㏞ᝨࡀࡿࡇࡔࡅ ࡣṇ࠶ࡓࡿࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪◊✲⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᖖ㆑ࢆ ࡣᅇ㑊ࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ᜍᛧᚰ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࢃࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⍗⑅ᙜ⪅ࡢㄡࡋࡶ ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ኻᩋࡽᏛࡪࡇࡢከࡉࢆ ࡀẼࡎ㸪බห⮳ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸⌧ ୍㢳ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛࠶ࢀኻᩋࢆ㜌ⴿࡽ ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌮⣔࣭ᩥ⣔ࢆၥࢃࡎ㸪ᚋ㸪Ꮫ⾡ฟ∧ ࡎ㸪බ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࡢព⩏ࡣᚲࡎࡸ࠶ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ ࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡸ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⾡ ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡼࡾἑᒣࡢ⤒㦂๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪┿ ◊✲ࡢಙ⏝ᗘࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ၥࢃࢀࡿ 㹇㹁㹒ࡢ㐍ṌᑐᛂࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ∧ࡢ⎔ቃᩚഛࡀ ࡇ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㐍ࡵࡤ㸪Ꮫ⾡◊✲⮬యࡢ㉁ࡶᙜ↛ྥୖࡍࡿࡇ ᮏ✏࡛⤂ࡋࡓఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣ㸪 ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᪥ࠎᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ᚋࡶࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘࡁ㸪◊✲άືࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࣃࢯࢥࣥពᛮࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࠸ࡃࡣ㸪ࡢࡇࢁࡃᮍᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪 ࡀ㸪≉ᐃࡢᶵ⬟ࡀ⏝⪅ࡢពᅗࢆ㉸࠼࡚స⏝ࡍࡿ 㑇᠍࡞ࡀࡽ⚾ఱᘓタⓗ࡞ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿぢ㏻ ࡇ࡛㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࢀࡽᑐࡍࡿᙜ⪅㛫ࡢ⩦⇍ ࡋࡶⓙ↓࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞య㦂ࢆࡉࢀࡓ㛵 ᗘࡢᕪࡀᛮࢃࡠ⾜ࡁ㐪࠸ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࠋྥᚋࡶ㹇㹁㹒 ಀ⪅ࡢⓙᵝࡽయ㦂ㄯࡸࡈពぢࢆ࠾ᐤࡏ࠸ࡓࡔ ࡢ㐍Ṍඹᛮࢃࡠᙧ࡛ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾ ࡅࢀࡤᖾ⏒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦[email protected]㸧 ⥆ࡅ㸪୰ࡣⴭసே᱁ᶒࢆᐖࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋ㸪౽ᛶࡢ௦ൾ࡛ࡣ ᮎ➹࡞ࡀࡽ㸪௨ୖ㏙ࡓ⤒㦂ࡘࡁ㸪ᚚ㏞ᝨࢆ ῭ࡲࡉࢀ࡞࠸གྷ⅏ࢆᡃࠎࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠾ࡅࡋࡓⓙᵝᑐࡋ㸪ᚰࡼࡾ࠾ルࡧ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲ ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪⤖ᒁࡣཎᅉ✲᫂ࡀ ࡍࠋㄔ⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 220
ὀ 㸦12㸧⟶ぢࡢ㝈ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ✀ࡢ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣ㸪ࢭ࢟ ࣗࣜࢸ࣮ࣟࢵࢡࡸࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࣟࢵࢡᑐᛂ࠸ 㸦1㸧ᣋⴭࠕࠗỤ†㸦ࡈ࠺ࡇ㸧᪂⪺࠘⚟ᆅḈ⑵ࠖ㸦ࠗ ᪥ ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞⛠ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౯᱁ࡶ㸪 ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫ⣖せ࠘➨ 11 ྕ㸪2012 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧ࠋࡓ 㸲㉸ࡢࡶࡢࡽᩘⓒࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛✀ࠎᵝࠎ ࠼ࡤ㸪ྠᏛ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡛㸪㹆㹍㹋㹃>ᅗ᭩ ࡛㸪࣓ࣔࣜᐜ㔞ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࣟࢵࢡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ 㤋>⣖せࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࣂࢵࢡࢼࣥࣂ࣮ࡶྵ ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ౯᱁ᕪࡀฟࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡵ㸪ྠ⣖せࡢྕࡀ㜀ぴ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௨ୗ㸪ᮏ✏࠾ 㸦13㸧⏝ࡋࡓ࢘ࣝࢫᑐ⟇ࢯࣇࢺࡣ㸪ࢺࣞࣥࢻ࣐ ࡅࡿ㹆㹎ࡢࢡࢭࢫ᪥ࡣ㸪࡚ 2015 ᖺ㸷᭶ 12 ࢡࣟ♫ࡢ࢘ࣝࢫࣂࢫࢱ࣮㸪ࢩ࣐ࣥࢸࢵࢡ♫ࡢ ᪥ࡍࡿࠋ ࣀ࣮ࢺࣥࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ http://www.kaichi.ac.jp/library/kiyo/ 㸦14㸧ᮏ✏࡛ᢅࡗࡓࡘࡁ㸪ヨࡳ▱ᕫࡢ◊✲⪅ 㸦2㸧ࣈࣟࢢࡢస⪅ࡣ㸪ྡྂᒇᏛ࡛ᩥᏛࡢ༤ኈྕࢆྲྀ ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ㸰ྡᡤぢࢆఛࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࣃࢯࢥࣥ ᚓࡉࢀࡓᩥᏛࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᑓᨷࡍ ࡢ⏝⎔ቃࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀᐃࡉࢀࡿ ࡿᏛၥࡶ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㠃㆑ࡣ࡞ ࡼ࠺࡛㸪᪉ࡶࡑࡇࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ཎᅉࡶࡣ ࠸ࠋ ࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/fktouc18411906/114926 㸦15㸧ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡣ㸪ᮏົᰯࡢ⫋ဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 29.html 㸦16㸧࡞࠾㸪ᅧᏥ㝔Ꮵ㇂࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡓ 㸦3㸧ᣋⴭࠗᒣ⏣᪉㇂ᚁ㡑ㄽ࠘㸦᪥ᮏᏛᏛ㝔ࠗἲ ◊✲Ⓨ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ㹇㹁㹒(Information and Ꮫ◊✲ᖺሗ࠘➨ 32 ྕ㸪2003 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸧ࠋ Communication Technology)౫ᣐࡋࡓᏛ⾡ฟ 㸦4㸧࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕso-zou.jp㸦http://so-zou.jp㸧ࠖࡸࠕ Enno ∧₯ࡴ༴㝤㹼◊✲ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢ❧ሙࡽࡍࡿ㆙࿌ 㸦http://enno.jp㸧ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࢧࢺࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ 㹼ࠖ࠸࠺ࢱࢺࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ࡿࠋ 㸦5㸧࣐ࢡࣟࢯࣇࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪〇ရࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ୍⎔࡛㹕㹃 㹀ୖ࡛ࡶᩥ❶ᰯṇࢶ࣮ࣝࡢᶵ⬟ࡸ⏝᪉ἲࢆ⤂ ࣭ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᧯స័ࢀ࡞⪅࡛ࡶࡇࢀࢆ Ẽ㍍࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ http://office.microsoft.com/ja-jp/word-help/HP0 10117963.aspx 㸦6㸧࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢྠ᭩࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ21 ᱁ᕪ♫ 㸦pp136-140㸧ࠖࢆᐑᮏ‶㸪ᮡᒣᖾ୍ඹྠ࡛ ᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋ 㸦7㸧ᛕࡢࡓࡵ᩿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡀ㸪ᮏᩥ୰ࡢ“ ”࡛ᣓࡗࡓ 㒊ศࡣᘬ⏝࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡣูࡢ༢ㄒ⨨ࡁ ࠼࡚࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ✏ࢆጤဨ」ᩘྡ୍▌ࡋ࡚㡬 ࡁ㸪Ᏺ⛎⩏ົゐࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡢᡤぢࢆᚓ ࡓࡇࡶゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸦8㸧ẚ㍑ࡢᅗࡣ㸪ᣋⴭࠕᖥᮎࡢእ࣭ඃ㉺⩏ⓗ ᛮ⪃ᵝᘧࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ୍⪃ᐹࠖ㸦᪥ᮏἲᨻᏛࠗἲ ᨻㄽྀ࠘➨ 42 ᕳ➨ 2 ྕ㸪2006 ᖺ 6 ᭶㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004763505 㸦9㸧௨ୗ㸪㈨ᩱձ㹼յࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࣃࢯࢥࣥഛࢃࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ Print Screen ᶵ⬟ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚సᡂࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㈨ᩱղճࡣᐇ㝿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ㄗ㏦Ẽ࠸ࡓ㝿㸪ΰ↔⇱ࡢవࡾ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㒊ศࢆᾘཤࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ᙜࡢ ≧ἣࢆ⌧ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦10㸧ࣇࣝྡࡢ⮬ື┬␎ࡣ㸪⏝ࡍࡿ࣓࣮ࣝࢯࣇ ࢺࡸ Web ࣓࣮ࣝࢧࢺࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ ࡿࡀ㸪ᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ http://answers.microsoft.com/ja-jp/outlook_com /forum/oemail-oattach/%E6%B7%BB%E4%BB %98%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4/4 658190b-f223-4463-bb9f-87a5ccdba8d8?tab=q ues- tion&status=AllReplies&status=AllReplies%2 CAllReplies 㸦11㸧ࡕ࡞ࡳ USB ࡣ“Universal Serial Bus”ࡢࡇ ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ USB ࣓ࣔࣜࡣ㸪“Flash Drive”ࡸ“Flash Memory”࡞ᵝࠎ࡞⛠ࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋ
߷̲ԍ≝ܖᘐЈ༿↚↭↓↾↺ᜂ˺ಅ↝ᩓ܇҄↚↯ᨋᆱ 221
Consideration about unexpected traps accompanying with computerization of the working process in scholarly publication.
Shugo Takigawa≍1
⁅⁛‒
Recently, the progress of ICT is generating not only convenience but various problems in the field of scholarly publication. This paper is case study of some failures which I experienced as one university teacher: the confusion by programs of Spelling and Grammar checking, the transmission of inappropriate manuscript by an attached file, and the bugs of USB flash drive with a password function. We need to learn from unexpected mistakes, for academic freedom.
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… scholarly publication, proofreading assistance, erroneous transmission of data, password protecting flash drives, risk management of data
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts kaichi International University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 223
䣓ࡦࡾࡦࡾࡢே㛫ࡣἼ㛫ᾋࡪ࠶ࡪࡃࡍࡂࡎ䣍❧⪅ࡶࢇࡢഅ↛ࡢ⏘≀ (Anm. 4) BD. 1, S. 1162. 189-207. S. (Wissenschaftliche(Hg.): Geschichtsdrama, Darmstadt Buchgesellschaft) 1980. „Grillparzer und Geschichte“, S. 202, in: Elfriede Neubuhr Beitrag zum Thema 1916: Schroll u. Co.) 1909-48. Bd 8, S. 187. von August Sauer und Reinhold Backmann, Wien (Gerlach u. Wiedling; seit 20-178. Historie und Gegenwärtigkeit, Freibuurg i. B. (Rombach) 1994, S. 37-57. 55, in: Gerhand Neumann und Günter Schnitzler (Hg.): Franz Grillparzer. 1075. Hrsg. von Peter Frank und Karl Pörnbacher. München (Hanser) 1964. Bd. 3, S.
㛫ࡣࡇࡢὙ♩ࢆᤵࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢇࡔ䣔㓄ࡍࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡞ࢇࡔ䣎䢧䢧ᚲ↛࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࠸ࡲࢃࡋ࠸࿚࠸ࡢゝⴥࡔ䣎ே࠶ࡀࡁࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ䣍ࡇࢀࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡢࡀே㛫ࡣࡏ࠸࠸䣬ࡥ࠸࡛䣍ࡇࢀࢆᨭࡔࡋ䣍ኳᡯࡀ⤫ࡍࡿ࠸䣬ࡓ䣬࡚᧯ࡾேᙧ࡛䣍㕲ࡢἲ๎ᑐࡋ࡚✍༓࡞ᝏ䤀ࣄࢼ䤀㞟䣖Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫䣍୍ࠐ䣍୕୍භ㡫䣎 䥹୰ᮧⱥ㞝ヂ䥺 䣍୍୍㡫䣎ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡ⚄ヰ䣖᭩⫔㢼ࡢⷴⷪ䣍୍ࠐ䣍୍ඵ㡫䣎phisches Institut o. J. (Meyers Klassiker-Ausgaben) Grillparzers Werke. Hrsg. von Rudolf Franz. 4. Bd. Leipzig, Wien: Bibliogra- ࡓ䣎 13ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀ࡢᡭ⣬ཧ↷䣎ᡭሯᐩ㞝䣍༓⏣ஓ䣍ᒾῡ㐩┘ಟ䣕ࢤ࢜ࣝࢡ࣭ࣅ䣻12Franz Grillparzer: Ein treuer Diener seines Herrn, Vers 2002, in: F. G., a.a.O. 11Vgl. Franz Grillparzer, a.a.O. (Anm.9), Bd. 8, S. 176f. 10Vgl. Ulrich Fülleborn: Geschichtsdrama und geschichtliche Begebenheit. Ein Franz Grillparzer: Sämtliche Werke. Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe, hg. 9 Jürgen Schröder, a.a.O. S. 50. 8 Franz Grillparzer: Selbstbiographie, S. 80, in: F. G., 7a.a.O. (Anm.4) Bd. 4, S. Jürgen Schröder: „Der Tod macht gleich“. Grillparzers Geschichtsdramen, S. 6 5༡ሯಙ࿃⦅䣕᪂∧ୡ⏺ྛᅜྐ୍Franz Grillparzer: Sämtliche Werke. Ausgewählte Briefe, Gespräche, Berichte. 4 3ࢡࣛ࢘ࢹ䣵࣭࣐࢜ࢢࣜࢫ䥹㕥ᮌ㝯㞝䣍⸨ᛅ䣍ᮧᒣ㞞ேヂ䥺2Ṕྐⓗ⫼ᬒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀సရ㞟ࡢὀ㔘ࢆཧ⪃ࡋ 䣕࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜᩥᏛ
ࢻࢼ࣭࢘ࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃྐ䣖ᒣᕝฟ∧♫䣍୍
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 224 ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡢ⇕ពࡣ↓㛵ಀ䣍ືࡍࡿពᛮࡀ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡞ࡐ⨫ྡࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ฟ᮶యࡢὶࢀࡽ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࠸ᚲ↛࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎㑅ᢥ⫥ẚ㍑⪃㔞ࡋุ࡚᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢆࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎࠺䣎ࡋࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍 ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ䣎 ⌮⏤ࢆヮ⣴ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ⟅࠼ࡣぢࡘࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍 ࠸ࢃࡤࡀ‶ࡕ࡚ࡦࡾ࡛⏕ࡌࡿฟ᮶㢟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎➃ⓗ࡞ࢆᣲࡆࡿ䣎 ࡇࡢ⾜ື⤖ᯝࡣே⏕ࡢ⓶⫗ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣍ࡏ䣍 ࡔࡀࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡼࡿࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍 ⤖ᯝࡣண࠾ࡾ䣍 ࡑࢀⓏሙே≀ࡢᚰ⌮ࢆࡢࡼ࠺⤡ࡵ࡚ࡺࡃࡀస⪅࠼ࡽࢀࡓㄢࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ➨୕ᖥࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࠾࠸࡚䣍ࡍࡿ䣎 ࠶ࢀࡇࢀኳ⛗ࡅ࡚⬚⟬⏝ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࢁࡑࢀࡣ䣍䣬ࡾࡔ࠸࡞ࡋࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢆ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡼࡾࡣࡿඃඛࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍 ྲྀࡾ㏉ࡋࡢࡘ࡞࠸ኻᩋ⤊ࢃࡿ䣎 ࡘࡲࡾ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡢ࡞ ⓚᖇࡢពᛮࡸ୍ࣞ᪉䣍 䣓ᠱࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸ぢࡓ䣔ྐⓗ┿ᐇඃඛࡍࡿ࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡢ⌮⩏ⓗᇶ┙ ┤๓ࡲ࡛⾜ ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ ࡞ࡐࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺฟරࢆチྍࡋࣥ㆟௨๓ࡢリே ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄗ䣬ࡓ㑅ᢥṤࡢᡙ᭤ࢆᖥᵓᡂࡋ䣍ぢࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣍᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢᑐࡋ䣍⮬㌟ࢆ䣓ᩓᩥࡢ௦ධ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ᭱ᚋࡢリே ࡢ࡚ࡣ䣍 䥹ࢤ䤀ࢸࡽࢡࣛࢫࢺࡲ࡛䥺 䣓ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡋࡤࡋࡤ㦫ࡃ䣎 ྠ௦ࡢࡢసᐙࡀᙧᘧୖࡢ⣙᮰ࢆ◚Რࡋ䣍 ᐇᅾ ࣈࣛࣥࢡࣦ䣴䤀ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ྂ⩏ࡢఏ⤫ࡢᮎ⿰ࡓࡽࢇࡍࡿࡢࡼ࠺䣍 ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࣏࢚ࢪ䤀ࢆࡍ ࡢసရࡀ 䣓ⱁ⾡ⓗ┿ᐇࡣṔ ⌧ᐇࡢࡇ ࡔࡀ䣍 ᩓᩥࡼ䣬࡚సရࢆ ࢘䣵䤀 Ṕྐ࠸࠺ࢪ䣺࡛ࣥࣝࡣ䣍࡛ࡣ䣍 ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⛣⾜ᮇ⏕ࡁࡓࡇࡢసᐙࡢᩥᏛⓗᡓ␎ࡣ࠸࡞ ㅖࠎࡢṔྐୖࡢฟ᮶ࢆࡢࡼ࠺⧅ࡂ࠶ࢃ
9䣔 ୍ඵභᖺࡢ᪥グࡢ୰࡛៓Ⴣ
8䣔 ࡢୖᡂࡾ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿ
䢣 ࠶ࡿ࠸
7䣔 ‒ ‒ ὀ ࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿ䣔അ↛ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡇࡶᚲ↛࡛࠶ࡿ䣎㛫ࡶྵࡵࡓ⮬↛ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ᯝࡀぢ࠾ࡏࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣎ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸䣑അ↛䣒ࡢࢻ࣐ࣛࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ䣎ఙࡿࡿࡢุ᩿ࢆୗࡍ䣍⤖ࡲ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍࡞࠸䣎 ࡔࡀ◚⁛ࡢ㐨ࢆࡓ䣬ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍 䥹 ࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇࡀ㈼᫂ࡔศ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍 Ṕྐࡀேࡢᛮᝨ↓㛵ಀືࡃ▐㛫࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠺࡞ᢈホࡣᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸䣎࠾࠸࡚⤖ᯝⓗ㐣ࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚࡚ࡩ⌧ࢀࡿ⮳㧗ࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡇࡢᚊⓗᐇࢆㄆࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ䣍ዟ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⚄ࡢ⛛ᗎࡀ 䣓ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ṇᙜᛶࡣ䣍᭱㧗ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶䣬ࡓࡏ࡞࠸䣍ᇉ㛫ぢࡉࡏࡘࡘ䣍 ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀ࡢᚲ↛ࡣே㛫ࢆࡋ࠸᧯ࡾேᙧࡍࡿྜࡼࡃఱࡶࡶ㤳ᑿ୍㈏ࡍࡿ⌧ᐇ࡞࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡽ䣍 ேࡣⰋᚰࢆᤞ࡚࡚Ỵ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡃࡑࢀࡣṔྐ䣍 ࡑࢀࡀᙼࡢⱁ⾡䣬࡚ࡢ䣍ࣜࢬ࣒௦ࡢリேࡓࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀≉᭷ࡢసἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡣ䣍 ⌧ᐇࡀࡑ 䣓࠸㧗ࡁ⚄ࡢ⪅ࡓࡿഅ↛ ࡞ࡐࡑ࠺࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ ཷᐜ⪅ࡢឤぬឤᛶッ࠼࡚䣍࡛࠶ࡿࡽࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢ⾜ືࡣ䣍 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕே ហ⾜ᐟ࠸䣬ࡓே⏕ࡢᶵᚤࡢࡼ ࡑࡇࡢసᐙ ࡘ࠸⾜ືฟ࡚ࡋ ↓⌮ゎ㝗ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆᏎࢇ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ᭷↓ࢆゝࢃ ⌧ᐇ ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ୍⮴ࢆ 13 ࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᖇᅜࡢࣅ䤀ࢲ䤀࣐ࣖ䤀䣖୰ኸᏛฟ∧㒊䣍ࠐࠐ୕䣍୕䢣୕භ㡫䥺ࣅ䤀ࢲ䤀࣐ࣖ䤀ࡢ୍ᆺࡋ࡚ࡢṔྐసရ䣔㜿㒊㞝୍䣓ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀䣕ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᘵத࠸䣖ࡌࡵ᩿ࢃ䣬࡚࠾ࡃ䣎1ᮏ✏ࡣ䣍௨ୗࡢᣋㄽࡢෆᐜࢆ㒊ศⓗㄝࡋࡓಶᡤࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ࠶ࡽ 䥹୰ኸᏛேᩥ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ⦅䣕ࣁ䣎ࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡢᚲ↛ࡣㅉほࢆಁࡋࡣࡋ࡚ࡶ↓ⓗ࡛ࡣ
11 䣎 ▱ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃືⓗ࡞ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▐㛫ࡇࡑ䣍 ᚰࡢෆ 䢣 ࡼ࠺సရࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃ䣎 ࡑࢀࡀ䣍 ࣜ 257㡫䥺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
䢣 12䣔࠸࠺ᙧࢆྲྀ䣬 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺ࣭ࣜ 10䣎ࡋࡶ䣍㒔
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 225
ࡵ䣍⤊⤖ࡉࡏࡓࣦ䣷ࢫࢺࣇ䣴䤀ࣞࣥ᮲⣙ࡣ䣍 ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢྠᶒࡶබㄆࡋࡓ䣎ࢡಙᚐࡢᙼࡶ⤖ᒁࡣᚿ࡞ࡽࡎࡋ࡚ୡࢆཤ䣬ࡓ䣎ࣥࢆᬯẅࡉࡏࡓࡇࢆ䣍࡚ࢆᚓࡓࡾࡶࡍࡿࡀ䣍㏨ࡉ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ୡ䣍 ᅾ୍භ୍䢣୕䥺ᖥ䣍ᖇࡢ↓Ⅽࡢᚚ௦ࢆ⸽ࡽࡏጞࡵࡿ䣎ࡓ࠼ࡤ䣍ᙼࡢ䣓ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣔 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣྐᐇࡋ࡚▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡾࡅࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍 ୕༑ᖺᡓத࠾࠸࡚ᙼࡣ䣍 ែࡣ୍㐍୍㏥䣍 䣓ࢻࢶㅖ࡞ᅜᐙᶒࢆㄆ࡚䣍᪂ࡋ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ᪉ࡀฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆぢ㏨ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡽྂ࠸᰾ࢆ๕ᢔࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍 ࡣྂ࠸᰾ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ䣍 ࡑࡢᚋ䣍ࡢỌ㐲ࡢཎືຊ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 ᪂ࡋ࠸௦ᑐࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆỴ᩿࡛ࡁࡎ䣍㢟ࡃྠᵝṇࡋ࠸䣎 ࡘ࠸ࡣࡑࡢࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࡇࡢ㢟ࡣࡃṇࡋ࠸䣎 ୍භᅄඵᖺᡓதࢆ ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࣀࣦ䣵࣭࣭࣒ࣥࣥࢻ䣍ேࡣゝ࠺䣍ࡇࡢୡ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇࡣఱࡶ㉳ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡼ䣬ࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ࠶ࡿᩥ❶ ≬ಙⓗ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹 ࡘ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ᪉ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎㐩ほࡋ࡚䣍 Ṕྐࢆ㐺ษᛂ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍 䢧䢧ᖖ᪂ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ≧ἣࡢ୰࠶ࡿྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡀୡ⏺ ࡛ࡣ䣍 ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢ䣍 ୡࡢ୰ࡶே⏕ࡶ࠺࡞ࢁ࠺ྠࡌࡇ䣍 ྂ࠸ࡶࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࠺࠸࠺㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࡢ䣎 䥹୍ඵᅄᅄᖺ䥺 ྂ࠸ᵓᡂせ⣲┠ࢆዣࢃࢀ ྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡣᗘᡠࡽ࡞࠸䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹➨ ࡢ୰࡛ࡇ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ᪂ࡋ࠸≧ἣ ࠸࠺ ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡼ 䣓ࢽࣄ࣭ࣝ ࢢࣜ ࡛ࡣ䣍 ᪂௦ࢆᢸ࠺ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣ䣍 ▱ᜨ⪅ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᨭᣢࢆྲྀ 䥹⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ᪂ࡋࡁࡶࡢࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎ୡ㛫࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡶ㸽
235㡫䥺 ࡣ䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢྠࡌ⛉ⓑ 䥹➨୍ᖥ䣍 ࡶ䣬ࡶ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇ䣎ྂࡁࡶࡢࡣཤࡾ䣍
285㡫䥺 ࡢࡇࡔࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎
4䣔
䥹
245㡫䥺
Ṍⓗᛶ᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ಙ௮ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿᮍ᮶ࡢࣃ䤀ࢫ࣌ࢡࢸ䣵ࣈࡢ࡞࠸Ṕྐ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䢣୕භ䥺ࡢ䣕ࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥ䣖ࡢṚ䣖ࡋࡓ䣍ྠ௦ࡢࢤ࢜ࣝࢡ࣭ࣅ䣻䤀ࣄࢼ䤀䥹୍ඵ୍୕䢣୕䥺ࡢ䣕ࢲࣥࢺࣥゝ࠸࠼࡚䣍 䥹୍ඵ୕䥺ࡸࢡࣜࢫࢸ䣵࣭ࣥࢹ䣵䤀ࢺࣜࣄ࣭ࢢࣛ䣹࣋䥹୍ඵࠐ୍ྐୖ࡛ࡣᚋᮇ࣐ࣟࣥ⩏ࡽࣜࣜࢬ࣒ࡅ࡚ࡢ㐣Ώᮇ ึᮇࣜࣜࢬ࣒䥺 䥹୍ඵ୕୍䥺ྠᵝ䣍㏻ዌప㡢࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ᅋ⮳ࡿ┤๓ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡇࡢㅉほࡇࡑࡀྂ࠸᰾࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ゝࢃࢀࡿ䣎ࡃࡌࢀࡿ䣎 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫゝࢃࢀ䣍௦ࡣ䣍 䣕ᘵத࠸䣖ࡶ䣍ᮍ᮶࡞࠸ࡋ Ṕྐࡀே㛫ⓗ࡞㐍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡽࡢ㑇ゝࡢࡼ࠺ㄒࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ┤๓ࡶ䣍 ࢽࣄࣜࢬ࣒ࡸ ⚄ࡢ⛛ᗎࢆ➨୍⩏ࡋ䣍 ேຓࡅࡽࢀࡿ௨ୖ䣍 ࢃࡀୡࡢࡢ฿᮶ࢆ႐ࡪࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣฟ㰯ࢆ 䥹࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࢆ䣬࡚၈✺䣍ᖇࡢᔂᚚࢆሗ࿌ࡋ᮶ࡓࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡣ䣍 㐍Ṍࢆࡍࡿస⪅䣬࡚䣍䣬ࡓ ᡭ࠺ษࡾᢤࡅ࡚ࡺࡃࡶࡢ䣔ࢡᐙࡢᖇᅜ⌮ᛕ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢᬑ㐢⩏ࡢ᰿ᮏࡀྰᐃࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ ᐇࡣࡇࡢసရࡢ ౧ࡋ࠸ ࡞ࡽࡠࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺྥ 䥹 䣓 ୕᭶๓ᮇ࠸࠺䣍 ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡀసᐙࡋ࡚άືࡋࡓ௦ࡣ䣍Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ㄡࡋࡶṚࢆචࢀࡿࢃࡅࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᩥᏛ 劣 ࢢ 5䣔 䣎࠾ࡑࡽࡃ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓṔྐⓗᐇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣜ ࣝ ࣃ ࣝ ࢶ 勊 勖 ࡢ ₇
6䣎ࡲࡓᙧᘧ㛵ࡋୡࣦ䣷ࣝࢺ࣭ࢩ䣻࣓ࣝࢶ ⏺ ⱞ 䥹 ࢆసရ 235㡫䥺 235㡫䥺
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 226
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍సရ୰࡛༑ୡ⣖ࡽ㐓⬺ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥹䣬ࡓ௦䣍ࢆᢲࡋࡵ䣍⌧ᐇࡢᨻయࢆㆤᣢࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍 ປാ⪅ഃ⌮ゎࡣ♧ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ุⓗࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢁ࠺䣎స⪅ࡣ䣍㒓ᅵឡࡣᙉ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ᙜࡢⓚᖇࡸᐓ┦࣓䣹ࢸࣝࢽࣄࡣᢈၥࢃࢀࡡ࡞࠸⛉ⓑࡣ䣍ⓚᖇࡑࡢྲྀࡾᕳࡁᑐࡍࡿᥟྲྀࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎 ⱞࡋ⣮ࢀࡶྲྀࡾ࠺ࡿリྃࢆ୪࡚ࡲ࡛䣍࠶ࡲࡘࡉ࠼䣍ࡓࡲࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍సࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧࡔ䣔ࡋࢁ䣍ᑗ᮶ࡶ೧࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ぢ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍 ୰ᚰⅬࡀᚲせࡔࡽ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔ䣔 ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ఱᗘࡶ᳨㜀ไᗘⱞỒࢆ㣧ࡲࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎䥹 ⏕๓බ⾲ࡍࡿពᛮࡀ࡞䣬ࡓࡽࡇࡑ᭩ࡅࡓࡢࡔ 䣓ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢୡࢆ᮰ࡡࡿ⤎ࡔ䣎⮬㌟ࡣఱࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓࢇࡀ䣍᮰ࡡᙺࡔ⋤ࡋ࡚࠸ᛮ៖ᐩࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎 䣓ࡑࡋ࡚ࡘ࠸ࡣᡭ䣬࡚䣍࡛࠶ࡿ䣎࡚ᅜᐙࡢศ ࡑࡢⅬ࡞ࡒࡽ࠼ࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣍 Ṕྐୖ䣍 䣓ᠱࡓࡵࡽ࠺ࡇࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸ぢࡓ䣔⌧๓࡛࠶ࡾ㢧ᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍 ㏕ࡾࡃࡿ᪂௦ ᖇᅜࡸᅜᐙᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔᛮ࠺䣎 ↓Ⅽ↓⟇ㄦㅫࡉࢀࡿࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡔࡀ䣍ࢺࣜᖇᅜ⮬㌟ࡢෆ㒊ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎 䢧䢧✭ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ䣍ࡼ࠺䣍 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩗ⨥ࡓ␗Ẹ᪘ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ⓚᖇ␗㆟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ᪂௦ࡢࢼࢩ䣼ࢼࣜࢫࢺࡓࡕࡶࡲࡓ䣍 ࡲࡓ䣍 ㇏సࡶ Ṕྐࡢ㊅ໃࡋ࡚◚ᒁࡋࡶ᪂௦ࡢ⏦ࡋᏊࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀࢫ࢟ࢱࡸࣁࢨ䤀ࣝ࠸䣬⋤࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡢ㔜せᛶ ⌧ᐇࡢ≧ἣࢆࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇୡࡢ௦ ࡴ 䥹 సရ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࢆ㏫ ᡤࡢዀ≮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍 ࢜䤀ࢫ ࡉࡽ䣍 ປാ⪅㝵⣭ࡀྎ㢌ࡋ䣍 ᨻᗓࡀゝㄽࡸᨻάືࢆᑒẅࡋࡁࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ᅛᏲࡢ❧ሙࢆࡿ⪅䣬୍࡚Ṍࡶ㏥ࡅ࡞࠸ែ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡀ༴ᶵព㆑ࡢ
䢣 265㡫䥺⋤ᶒୡくࡢ᭷ຠᛶ䥹ྥ࠺ὶࢀࡣࡶࡣࡸṆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡣࡎ 䣓┦⥆ᶒ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡀ
࢝ࢨ䤀
⮬㌟ࡢ୰ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ䥹
265㡫䥺ࡢᙇࡣ䣍ᙜࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ
263 䢣 㡫࠾ࡼࡧヂὀ㸰䥺 244㡫䥺ゝ࠸䣍 ෆ䣍 ࡑࡋ
࡚ࡁࡓ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡇ࠺ゝ࠺䣎Ⅽࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡉࡏ䣍ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡍࡁ࡛࡞䣬ࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ᙼࡀఱࡼࡾࡶᚷ㑊ࡋࡓ䣬ࡓෆᡓྥ࠺ṔྐࡢṌࡳࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࡿ⾜㌷ࢆチྍࡋࡓ䣎࠸ࡎࢀࡶ䣍ᙼࡢᛮ⪃ཎ⌮ࡽࡍࢀࡤ䣍᪩ィ࡞⾜Ⅽ䣍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࣑࣊➼᪘ࡢせồࢆཷࡅ࡚ສチ≧⨫ྡࡋ䣍࡞࠸㔜࡞⾜ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ಙࡌࡽࢀࡿᮍ᮶ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ᗎࢆቯࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣ࠸࡞ࡿ㐍Ṍࡶࡶࡣࡸ⫯ᐃࡋ࠼ࡎ䣍 ࡋࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ䣍 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ࠼䣍࠼ࡿࡇⱞࡋࡴࡇ䣔ᖹ➼䣍䣍ᨻᗓ≧ែࢆ⏕ࡳ䣍 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡢ㐍ಙ᮲ࡢㄝ᫂⪥ࢆഴࡅࡓ࠸䣎 ᖇᅜࡢΰࢆቑ㈗᪘⩏ࡶྲྀࢀࡿࡀ䣍 ࡇࡢసရࡣ⏕๓࠾࠸࡚ୡၥ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ೧࡞ࡶࡢࡀࡍࡓࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺༴ࢆ࠸ࡔࡃ䣎ࡋษࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍 䥹 ᶒྠࡌே㛫࡞ࢇࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࡽᶒࢆ䣍࡞䣔ࡅ๓ࢆ䣍࠸ࡸ䣍㒊ࡼࡇࡏ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡀከᩘὴ࡛䣍ᙉ⪅࡞ࢇࡔࡽ䣎࠶ࢇࡓࡽ᭱ᗏ㎶ࡽ䣍 ࡴࡋࢁ䣍 䣓⮬⏤ ࣎ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᇵ䣬࡚ࡁࡓⱁ⾡䣍Ꮫၥ䣍ᅜᐙ䣍ᩍ࠸䣬 ぢࡿࡶ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ࡅ≀ࡀ㏺࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎࣐ࢢࣜࢫࡼࡿࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡢᛮ࣭ ហ࡞⾗ࢆぢࡃࡔࡍ 䢧䢧࠾ࢀࡶศ ࡍ࡚ࡀ⤊ࢃࡾ䣍 ⮬ศࡢ௦ࡀཤࡾ䣍䣓㈼᫂ࡓࡵࡽ࠺䣔ゝ࠺ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡔࡀ䣍సရࡢ୰࡛୕ᗘ䣍ᚋᡠࡾ࡛ࡁᅄ ㌾⚗ࡉࢀࡿ㌟࡞䣬ࡓ䣍 ᙼࡣゼࡡ 劣 ࡣ䣍㔝⻅㏻ࡌࡿ Ṛ ࡋ ࡚ ே ࡣ ⓙ 䣍䣍 ➼ ࡣ䣍 ⚄ࡢᜠᑋᑐࡍࡿෑ℔ࢆពࡋ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ഇၿⓗ࡞ ࡋ 3䣔 䥹ഐⅬ➹⪅䥺 䣎ࡺ࠼䣍ே㛫ࡢᮏ᮶ࡢᶒࡣ䣓㣚 ࡃ ࡞ 263㡫䥺࡞ࡢࡔ䣎⚄ࡼ䣬࡚ࡑࡇࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓ⛛ ࡾ 䣍䣍 ࡲ ࡣ䣍⪷࡞ࡿ⤎ࢆ᩿ࡕษ䣬࡚䣍↓⛛ᗎ↓ ࡍ
263㡫䥺 䣎ࡇࡢ㝵⣭ᩘࡢຊ࡛ᢲ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 227 ࣆࣟ䤀ࢢࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡢ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫䣍ࡿ䣎ࢆ⧅ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢἐᖺࡽ୕༑ᖺᡓதຨⓎࡲ࡛ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ࢚࣑࣎࣊⋤ᐉࡏࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ㏥ࢆᢎㅙࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸䣎ୗࡸᗞ␒රࡀ⨨ࢀࡿ䣎ඛ㐵㝲ࡀࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕥᓊ䥹ヂὀ㸴䥺ࢆ༨ᣐࡍࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡢ㏨ஸࢆᜍࢀ࡚䣍ᇛࡢᗯ ࡇࢀࡣᐇ㝿䣍ࢆ㏣࠸ᡶ࠸䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡢ୰ᯡ࡛࠶ࡿᪧᕷ⾤ࡢไᅽኻᩋࡍࡿ䣎㐍㌷ࡋ䣍 ᮇࡣ㐪࠺ࡀ䣍ࡿ䣎 ࣓ࣛ䤀ࡶࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡶ㏥༷ࡋ䣍රඵ༓䣍 ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබࡀ΅ࡍࡿࡀᡂᯝࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣ⾜㐍ࡋ࡚ධᇛ䣍 ࣉࣛࣁࡢሀ࠸Ᏺഛࢆ◚ࡾ䣍ࡀ࣑࣎࣊ྜពࡋ䣍ࣉࣛࣁධᇛࡋࡓ࠸࠺ྐᐇࡣ࡞࠸䣎 㥽රᅄ༓ࢆ㞟ࡵࡿ䣎 ୍භ୍ࠐᖺ࠶䣬ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡢ΅࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋጞࡵࡿ䣎ᐇ㝿ࡣ୍භ୍ࠐᖺ௨㝆࡞䣬࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ䣍ࡼࡃࡤⓚᖇࡢᚋ⥅ᣦྡࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ┠ㄽࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ䣎බࡢᥦࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ䣎 ࡑࡢໃຊ⬣ጾࢆឤࡌࡓ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡶฟරࡍ ࣑࣎࣊ර࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡣ䣍 ࣐ࣛ䤀 㡿㑥㆟ࡢ⥲࡛ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢᩆ㒊㝲ࡀᩛࡋⓚᖇࡣࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࣜ䤀࣋ࣥ༠ᐃᑐࡋ࡚ࡶㄔᐇ࡛䣍 ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࢆ䣬࡚࣑࣎࣊ࡢᢠࢆᡴ◚ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ⨫ྡࡍࡿ䣎 ࣭⏫ࢆไᅽࡍࡿ䣎 ࢫࢺࣛࢼᆅ༊ࢆ༨ᣐࡍࡿࡀ䣍 ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡣ࣑࣎࣊ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣ䣍 ࡇࢀࡼ䣬࡚䣍 ࡲࡓ䣍 ᭀ⊋⸘ࡀᇛෆࡲ࡛ཬࡪ⮳䣬࡚䣍 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡸࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡇࡢⅬ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ᐀ᩍࡢ⮬⏤ࡀ☜ಖࡉࢀࡿ䣎 ࣑࣎࣊⋤ࡢᚋ⥅䣍 ࡉࡽ࠶ࢃ ⓚᖇࡣㆡṌࡋ䣍 ⨫ྡࡢ᪥ᚋ ສチ≧ ࡋ ➨ᖥࡣሙᡤࢆ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ⋤సရ࡛ࡣ䣍 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇㅰ⨥ࡋ᮶ࡿሙ㠃➨ᅄᖥࡣ୍භ୍୍ᖺ᭶ࡽ୕᭶ࡅ࡚ࡢ௳ࢆᥥࡃ䣎సရࡢෆᐜ㐪䣬࡚䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබࡣ䣍 ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ࡣṌ
࣍䤀ࣇࣈࣝࢡ ᐑ ⛣ࡋ䣍 ୍භ୍ᖺࡽ୍භ୍ඵᖺࡲ࡛
ࡍ䥺ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ⪏࠼࡞࠸䣔 ゝ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍ࡾྜ࠺䣎ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㰘྿ࡍࡿㅖẸ᪘ᨭ㓄Ẹ᪘࡛࠶ࡿࢻࢶேࡢᑐ❧ࡢᵓᅗ㔜࡞ᇳࡣ䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡀ ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡋ࡚ಖᏲὴࡢస⪅ࡼࡿ䣍 ከẸ᪘ᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ༑ୡ⣖ࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜᖇᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣍 䣓ࡍ࡚ࡢ㒊ศࡀࡲࡲ䣬࡚య࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣ䣍 䥹ᣋヂࡾࢃࡅࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀᨻࡢᑟ⪅࡞ࡿࣝࢆኻ䣬ࡓ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣഈൿࡶྠ↛࡞ࡿ䣎ゼၥࡋࡓࡁ䣍ᙼࡢ௧ࡼࡾ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ㐃ࢀཤࡽࢀࡓ䥹ヂὀᨺࡋ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡢ୍ὴࡣ䣍ࡢᨭᣢࢆᚓ࡚䣍 ⊂❧㐠ືᑐࡍࡿࡃࡋ࡚䣍 ᙼࡽ䣬࡚མࢃࡋ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣍እᨺᨈ௳䥹ヂὀ䥹ᑐᢠ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉ࡢ୍⎔䥺Ⓨࡋࡓࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ➼᪘ࡀ䣍ࣉࣛࣁᇛ࡛❆ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ䣍 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤ࡶᑵࡃ䣎ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡼࡿ࣑࣎࣊ࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢᐑᘐ࠾ࡅࡿᙼࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡍࡿ䣎ࡲࡍ⃭ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾ䣍ᘓタࡀ㏵୰࡛ᕪࡋṆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ศ ࢼࢩ䣼ࢼࡢಟ㐨㝔㛗ࡢ␗㆟ࡼࡾ䣍 ࣍䤀ࣇࣈࣝࢡ࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥබࢆ ࡑࡢࡁࡽ䣍ࡽࡢࡓ࠼ࡊࡿᡓ࠸ࡀᏳࢆເࡽࡏࡿࡽࡔ䣎ⓚᖇࡶ⥅ᢎࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ࡘ࠸୍භ୍ඵᖺ䣍 ⓚᖇࡢഃ㏆ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆ㏣ බࡓࡕ䣍 ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᙜヱᩍ༊ᘓ࡚࡚࠸ࡓᩍࡢ ࡇࡢᶒຊࢆ႐ࡤ࡞࠸䣎 ๓ᖺࡽ࣑࣎࣊⋤࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࣇ䣷 ࡇࢀ㢮ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡀᑿࢆᘬࡁ䣍 ࢫ࣌ࣥᩍⓚࡽ ࡑࡢࡓࡵᙼ ୍භ୍୍ᖺࡍ࡛ࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘ ࡑࢀࡣࡾࢃࡅ䣍 ࡘࡲࡍ ୡくᆅࡢ➼᪘ సရࡢ๓ᥦ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍୕ ࡘࡲࡓᅵྎ࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ☜ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡣ୍භ୍ᖺ䣍 ༑ṓ࡛Ṛཤࡍࡿ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣࡘ࠸ 劣 ༑ ୡ ⣖ ࡢ ࢜ 67 勖 䥺ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ䣍୕༑ᖺᡓதࡀຨⓎࡍࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡽ࡞ ࢫ ࢺ ࣜ 244 ᖇ 㡫䣎௨ୗ䣍సရࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣ㡫ᩘࡢࡳグᅜ
2䣎
64䥺䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 228 ༠ྠ࡛ⓚᖇࢆㄝᚓࡍࡿ䣎㉱ࡁ䣍ࣝࢥᖇᅜ䥺 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛ࡢᣦࢆጤ௵ࡋ䣍䢣୍භࠐභ䣍㛤ࡅࡿ䣎 ࡢໃࢆ៧៖ࡍࡿබࡓࡕࡣࣜࣥࢶ࡛༠㆟ࡋࡓ࠶ᖇ㒔ࣉࣛࣁ䣵䤀ࢫࡣࣜࣥࢶ⚗㊊ࢆࡌࡽࢀࡿ䣎 ୡ⏺ࡽ㝸⤯ࡋࡓ⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⓚᖇࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣ䣍 ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡྩᅜࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᅜᑐ࢜ࢫ࣐࣭ࣥࢺᚓࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ኻᩋࡍࡿ䣎ࣥࡽࡢ⊂❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢེ㌷ඹㅛࡋ࡚⥲╩ࡢᆅࢆࡽࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ௰ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎୍࡚ᯛᒾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ㥑ᘬࡁ࠾ࡢࢀࡢά㊰ࢆぢฟࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸࡚䣍䣹ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡢ௦⌮ே࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡇࡢ⾜ືࡼࡾ䣍 ᙼࢆᚋ⥅⪅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣍↓Ⅽ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡋࡶⓚᖇࡢࡍࡄୗࡢᘵ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣ㔝ᚰᐙ࡛䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍㣴ே࡛䣍 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ๓ྐࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࡣᖥࢆᖇ༶ࡋࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇୡࡣ䣍 ୍ඵᖺࡽඵࠐᖺ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡛䣍↓ㄽ䣍 ࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᗘᕪ࠶ࡾᛮᝨ࠶ࡾ䣍 ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡉࡽᝏࡋ䣍 ⱁ⾡ࡸ㘐㔠⾡䣍௦࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩ䣼ࢼࣜࢬ࣒┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢฟ⮬࡛࠶ࡿࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢேࠎࡶⓙ䣍ࡇࡢ௦࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣍୕༑ᖺᡓதࡢⅆ✀࡞ࡿ䣎᐀ᩍᑐ❧ࡀࡇࢀ῝้࡞ែࢆᣍ࠸ࡓࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡢ‶ࡀࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃྛᆅ࡛ࡃࡍࡪࡾ⥆ࡅ䣍 ༨ᫍ⾡࡞ࡢࣃࢺࣟࣥࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࢱࣥࢺࡢㅖ᐀ὴࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎ䣍࡞ࡾ䣍 ࣐ࢸ ࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹ࣃࡢ⋤㈗᪘ࡢ୰࡛ᙜ௦㝶୍ࡢᩍ ᐀ᩍࡀಶேࡢࢹࣥࢸ䣵ࢸ䣵ࡢᣐࡾᡤ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 㡿ࡢ᐀ᩍࡀࡑࡢᆅࡢ᐀ᩍ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ≬ಙⓗ࡞ಙ⪅ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤ䣍 ࢫ࣌ ⱝ࠸ Ỵࡋ ࢝ࢺࣜ ᨻ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣṤ ࡲࡓ䣍 ಶேࡢಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ᚎࠎࡁࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡁ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࣝࢱ䤀ὴ௨እࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫ ㏆⌧ ࡘ࠸ 䣕ᘵத࠸䣖➨୍ᖥࡣ୍භࠐᖺࡢฟ᮶ࢆᢅ࠺䣎ࢺࣝࢥᡓத䥹୍୕ⓚᖇ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍࢘ࢡࢫࣈࣝࢡࡢ᐀ᩍ㆟ࡽ⣙༑ᖺᚋࡢ୍භᖺ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚ ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡽ㤶Ἔࢆሬࡽࢀࡓ䣍 ୡୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿ⚄
ᙼࡽࡢせồ䣍࡞ࡾ䣍࢞ࣜ䤀䣍 ࢺࣝࢥࡢㅮࡶᢎㄆࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫㆡṌࡋ䣍 ศࡅ࡚ࡶಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆᢎㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡿ䣎ࡢ➼᪘ࡣ䣍 ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡀ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫጤㆡࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡶຍ┕ࢆࡧࡅࡿ䣎ࡼࡧࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡ༠ᐃࢆሀᣢࡍࡿ㊃᪨ࡢ༠⣙ࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍 ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢせồࢆ⊂ຊ࡛ⓚᖇᢎㄆࡉࡏࡿ㐨ࢆ㑅ࡪ䣎࢞ࣜ䤀࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ➼᪘䥹ヂὀ ୧⪅㛫࡛ࣜ䤀࣋ࣥ༠ᐃࡀ⤖ࡤࢀ䣍ࡶⓚᖇࡣ㡹ࡋ࡚ࢺࣝࢥࡢㅮࢆᢎㄆࡋ࡞࠸䣎⣙ࡍࡿࡑࡪࡾࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎 ୍᪉䣍ࣝࣇࡣᘵࡓࡕࢆ㑊ࡅ䣍 ࣑࣎࣊ࡢ➼᪘ࡣࡓ࠼ࡎⓚᖇ䣍ࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡼࡾ䣍ࣝࢥࡢㅮ⥾⤖⮳ࡿ䥹ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡㅮ༠ᐃ䣍ヂὀ ➼᪘ࡣṊຊッ࠼䣍࣑࣎࣊ࡶᙼࡀᚋ⥅⪅ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍 ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡣ䣍 ࡞ࡾࡢᆅᇦࡀࢺࣝࢥ㡿࡞ࡿ䣎ࡣ䣍ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝᨭὶࡢࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴ᕝࡀྜὶࡍࡿࢺࣟࢡ㏆ࡢ㝕Ⴀ࡚䣍ࢺࡿࡇࢆ᰿ᣐࡋ࡚ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᐙ㛗㑅ࡪ䥹࢘䣵䤀ࣥ༠ᐃ䥺 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ䣍 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣑࣎࣊⋤ⓚᖇࡢᚋ⥅ࢆ☜ࢺ䣚ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢᘵ䣛 ᙼ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ㝤ᝏ࡞ࡿ䣎ࢫ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀࣭࢚ࣜࣥࣝࣥࢫ ⓚᖇࡀࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀 ⓚᖇࡣ࣐࡞ࡃ⤫ᖊᶒ䥺 ࣁࣥ ࡑࡇ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣࣁࣥࢆࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⥲╩௵ࡍࡿ࠸࠺୍Ⅼࡢࡳྠពࡍࡿ ࡉࡽ࣑࣎࣊ᙼࡽࡀᘬࡁୗࡀࢁ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛΅ࡣᛂࡌࡿ䣎 䥹ヂὀබࡓࡕࡢ᮶ゼࡢࡓࡵᶵ᎘࡞ࡾ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍 䣎 䥺ࡀ༠㆟ࡋ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබࢆ䣍ᖺ㛗⪅࡛࠶ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡣࡇࡢㅮࢆᢈ ࣝ䤀ࢻ ࡲࡓᙼࡽᑐࡍࡿ⊜ᚰࢆເࡽࡏࡿࡀ䣍 䣎༑୍᭶ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍 䥹సရ࡛ࡣ⥲╩࡛ࡣ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 37䥺ࢆὴ㐵ࡋ࡚㌷ⓗᅽຊࢆࡅࡓࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ຍ┕ࡍࡿ䣎ࡋࡋ࣑࣎࣊➨୕ᖥ࡛ࡣ୍භࠐඵ䢣ࠐᖺࡢᨻ≧ἣࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿ䣎➨ᖥࡣ୍භࠐභᖺࡢ≧ἣࢆᥥࡃ䣎 ୍භࠐඵᖺධ䣬࡚ ᅄ᭶䣍 ࢘䣵䤀࡛ࣥබࡓࡕ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀
3䥺䣍୍භࠐභᖺࡢ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ༠ᐃ࠾
23䥺䣎ࡇࢀ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 229 ࡾ䣍㐣ཤࡢṔྐࢆㄞࡳゎࡃࡶ䣍ࡑࢀᑐẚࡋ࡚ᙜ௦ࡢᨻࡸ♫䣍㏙㐪䣬࡚䣍ㄞࡳゎࡃࡓࡵࡢᛮ⣴ࡢࢻ࣐ࣛ❧࡚ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ึ㢌ࡽ୕༑ᖺᡓத ༢㐣ཤࡢྐᐇࡢࡳᇶ࡙࠸࡚᭩ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢺࣜᖇᅜࡢ⌧≧ࢆࡉࡾࡆ࡞ࡃᚸࡤࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍䤀ࣥ㆟ࡽ୍ඵᅄඵᖺࡢ୕᭶㠉ࡀጞࡲࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ௦༊ศࡋࡍࡿస⪅ࡢ⮳ⱁゝ࠺ࡁ䣎ࡿㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ࣇୡࡢ௦䣍 䥹୍භ୍ඵ䢣ᅄඵ䥺ඵᖺ䥺⬺✏୍ඵᅄඵᖺ䣍 䣕ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᘵத࠸䣖 ࡣ䣍 ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎◚⁛ࢆணឤࡉࡏࡿ༑ୡ⣖୰ⴥࡢ⌧ᐇࡀ┦ఝᙧࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡿ䣎 㐣ཤࡢ⯆῝࠸⌧㇟ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ΅⊟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍 ࡢຨⓎ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ䣍බ࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋ࡚䣍 ௨ᚋࡶṚ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛᥎ᩙࢆ⥆ࡅ䣍ᮎୡࡋ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡽࡣ䣍 స⪅ࡣ୕᭶๓ᮇ㐨➽ࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓேࡣఱࢆ⪃࠼䣍 ࡑࢀࡤࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣍 ࣉࣛࣁࢆ⯙ྎ༑ୡ⣖ ࡑࡢேࡢ⏕ࡁࡊࡲࢆぢࡏ䣍 ࡑࢀࡶ㐣ཤ⌧ᅾࢆ㔜 䥹௨ୗ䣍 ୡ⏺ࢆ ୡ⏺ࡣ☜ᐇᡓதྥ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎 䣕ᘵத࠸䣖 ࡍࡁ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸䣎 㑇సࡋ࡚ึ₇࣭ฟ∧୍ ࠺⾜ືࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ䣎 ᛮࢆㄒࡿࡇ㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝ 䣎 ไస㛤ጞ୍ඵᅄᖺ䣍 ࡓࡔࡦࡾ䣍 స⪅ࡀே ࠸ࡸ䣍 ⟅࠼ࡀ ◚ᒁࡢ ࡔࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶ䣍 సရࡋ࡚⊂❧ࡋࡓ⤖ᛶࢆせồࡉࢀࡿṔྐᩥᏛࡣṔྐグࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ゎỴ⬟࡞ࡲ࡛ࡶࡘࢀࡓᨻᏳࡢ୰࡛䣍 䥹୍୍䢣୍ඵ䥺୍ ࡼࡿ␌⏕ࡢṔྐᝒ ࠺ືࡇ࠺ࡶែࡢᝏࢆಁ 劣
ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ
ᚐ ‒ ‒ ᫆
‣‒ 䢣 ୍ඵ୍ᅄᖺࡢ࢘䣵
䢣 ࡢ࢜䤀ࢫ
ࡢ 䣓࢘ࢡࢫࣈࣝࢡࡢ᐀ᩍ㆟䣔ࢺࡢ⇤ཎࡢⅆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ఏຊࡣṆࡵࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡢάࢆᶆᴶࡋ䣍୍䢣භ䥺ࡣࣟ䤀࣐ᩍࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ䣓ࡦࡘ࡞ࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍඹྠయ䣔ࢆዎᶵࡋ࡚᐀ᩍᨵ㠉ࡣጞࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺㅖࢆᢚ࠼㎸ࡶ࠺ࡋࡓࡀ䣍࠸ࡿṔྐ䣍సရ࠾ࡅࡿྐᐇࡢ␗ྠࢆぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎 ࡛࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ⤫୍ⓗᨭ㓄ࡣ⤊ࢃࡿࡇࡓ᪉ἲࢆ᥈䣬࡚ࡳࡿࡇࡋࡓ࠸䣎 ࡋ࠸௦ࡢ᮲⌮ࢆලయⓗぢࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡀࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡉࢇࡊࢇࡁࡲࢃࢀࡓᮎㅝࢀ࡞ࡃẅᐖࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍 ࡢ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ࢝䤀ࣝୡࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே≀ࡀ࠸࡚ࡶ⮬↛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࡏࡿ䣎 ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍ື᭱ᮇࡣస⪅ࡢస࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⟇␎ࡣ᫂ࡽࡔ䥹ヂὀ࠸࠺᪩ୡࡋࡓᗢᏊࡀ࠸ࡓࡀ䣍 ୍ᖺ ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࡢ⏤᮶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍ヂὀ ࡔࡀࡑࡢ๓ࡲࡎ䣍ࡢ୕ேࡣࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ䥹ே≀ീே≀ࡀṔྐୖࡢே≀࡛࡞ࡃ䣍 䥹ᅾ୍ࢀࡿ௦ࢆㄞࡴࡇࡢ࠺㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨ࢀࡿゝ䣬࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ᚋ⪅ࡣ䣍ୡ⏺ࡣసရࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭࡾࡸᵓᅗࡍࡂࡎ䣍 సရࡢᅵྎ࡞䣬࡚ᩥ䣍 ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀࠸࠺ࢿ䤀࣑ࣥࢢࡽࡍ࡛స⪅ࡢ 㢼➼ࢆᢈホࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ᕷẸࡢ௦⾲ࡋ୍࡚භࠐࠐᖺ௦ స⪅ࡢస࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࡔࡅ࡛ࡶศࡿ䣎 ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ᪂ ࡴࡋࢁ䣍 ฟ∧ࡸୖ₇ࡀ⾜ࢃ ࡑ ⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿṔྐ ୍୍ᖺ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵࣭ࣥࣝࢱ䤀ࡀ䣓༑᮲ࡢㄽ㢟 ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ䣍 స⪅ࡀᮏసࡇࡵࡓྵព䣍 సရࢆᙧᡂ࣭ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ᐇ䣍 ࡑࡢពᅗࡶ࠶䣬࡚ᮏసရࡀᐇ࡞࠸ࡲࡐ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ䣍 ୕ேࡢⓏሙ 劣 స ရ ୡ ⏺ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ⓗ 2䥺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍᪂ᪧࡩࡓࡘࡢ௦ࡢࡣࡊࡲ࡛ႍࡄᙼࡢ⾜ ⫼ 2䣍 ᬒ 4䣍
5䥺䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡣᐇ㝿ࣇࣜ࢜
ࢸ
䤀 䣔ࢆබ⾲ࡋ䣍ࡇࢀࢮ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 230 71ᶒຊ䣍㌟ศ䣍ᆅ࡞ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿ⋤ෙ䣍⋤➖䣍ᐆ࡞䣎ࡿᶫࢆᣦࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎70࣑࣎࣊࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥ㑹࡛ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝᯫࡾ䣍࣑࣎࣊㏻ࡌ69ὀ ࡕ࡛Ἠ࡞ࡾ䣍Ọ㐲ࡢ࠸ࡢࡕࡢỈࡀࢃࡁฟࡲࡍ䣖⪅ࡣࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ䣍Ỵࡋ࡚Ῥࡃࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠼ࡿỈࡣ䣍ࡑࡢேࡢ࠺䣕ࡇࡢỈࢆ㣧ࡴ⪅ࡣࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ䣍ࡲࡓῬࡁࡲࡍ䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠼ࡿỈࢆ㣧ࡴ68᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍୍භࠐᖺࡢⓑᒣࡢᡓ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡣࣉࣛࣁࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥᡠ䣬ࡓ䥺ࣉࣛࣁ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢṚᚋ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀⓚᖇ࡞䣬࡚ࡽ䣍ᖇ㒔 ࣚࣁࢿ⚟㡢᭩䣍ࡉࢀࡓࡀ䣍ࢫࢱࣥࢺ➼᪘ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽᇛࡢ❆ࡽ༑࣓䤀ࢺࣝୗࡢᢞࡆⴠࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡼࡾࣉࣛࣁὴ㐵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᭱㧗ᇳᨻᐁࡽ୕ྡࡀໃࡢࣉࣟࢸ67๓ὀࡢ➼᪘ࡢེࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡛㉳ࡇ䣬ࡓ௳࡛䣍୍⯡䣓❆እᨺᨈ௳䣔ࡤ ู≧ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ࠸࠺䣎ࡓࡇࢆ࡞ዎᶵࡋ࡚䣍➼᪘ࡀỴ㉳ࡋࡓ䣎 ᅄ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡼࡾ࡞࠸ࡀࡋࢁࡉࢀ䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡᨻ⟇ࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ ୍୕䢣୍ᅄࡢࡶࡌࡾ䣎࠶ࡿ䣎ಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆㄆࡵࡓࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢສチ≧ࡀ䣍๓ᖺ䣍࣑࣎࣊⋤࡞䣬ࡓ66୍භ୍ඵᖺࣉࣛࣁ࡛➼᪘ࡼࡿེࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㤳ㅛ⪅ࡀࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖࡛ ࡢ᩿⤯ࡣỴᐃⓗ࡞ࡾ䣍ࡣࢳ䣷ࢥࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛䣍ࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࣆࣝࢮࣥ࠸࠺䣎 䣔65ࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘ࡣ䣍ࣄࢺࣛ䤀ࡢ⏕ㄌᆅࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ㒔ᕷ䣎ࣉࣝࢮࢽࡿ䣎୍භᖺ䣍㉧චࡉࢀ࡚࢘䣵䤀ࣥᖐ㑏ࡋ䣍ྖᩍ⫋ᖐࡋࡓ䣎ࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡸᕞ㒔ࣥࢫࣈࣝ䣹ࢡ➼ᣊ␃ࡉࢀ䣍୍භᖺ䣍ࣟ䤀࣐㐃⾜ࡉࢀ64ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍ඵᖺ㐊ᤕࡉࢀ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ䣍ࢸ䣵ࣟ䤀ࣝᕞࡢࢡࣇ ᐉᡓᕸ࿌ࢆពࡍࡿࡇࡢᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࡼࡾ䣍63ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍Ṕ௦ᚿୗ䣍භ䣍୍୍䣎 䣓࢚ࢫࡣ⟅࠼࡚ゝࢃࢀࡓ䣎62ࣁࣈࡣẅࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᡓṚࡋࡓ䣎ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ิ⋤⣖ୖ䣍୍䢣䣎୍ᖺ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ࡞ࡿ䣎61 ୕༑ᖺᡓதࡀጞࡲࡾ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡣ୍භ୍ᖺ࣑࣎࣊⋤䣍୍භ୍ඵᖺࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤䣍୍භ60ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍භᖺ䣍ᯡᶵཀ࡞ࡿ䣎䣵䤀ࢫࡣ࣑࣎࣊⋤࡞䣬ࡓ䣎59୍භ୍୍ᖺ䣍࣑࣎࣊➼᪘ࡀࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡽ࣑࣎࣊⋤ࢆዣࡋࡓ࠶䣍࣐ࢸ
37ཧ↷䣎
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 231
ࢆࡕྲྀࡾ䣍୍ᅄඵᖺࡢ᐀ᩍ㆟࠾࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࢆᢎㄆࡉࢀࡓ䣎ᙼࡢṚᚋ䣍ࣇࢫὴࡣⓚᖇࡢᙎᅽᢠࡍࡿࣇࢫᡓத䥹୍ᅄ୍䢣୕භ䥺ࡼ䣬࡚ㅮᩍࡢୡ䣍⊩ࡋࡓ䥹୍䢣୍භ୕䥺ࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᨭ㓄ࢆཷࡅࡓ䣎 ⭉ᩋ࡞ࢆᙎລࡋࡓࡇࡼࡾ䣍䣷ࢥࡢ୕ศࡢ୍⛬ᗘࡢᆅᇦ䣎࣑࣎࣊ࡶ୍භୡ⣖ࡽ୍୍ඵᖺࡲ࡛ࣁࣉࢥࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࠶ࡾ䣍ࣃࢩ䣺ࡀ㥔ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡼࡿ䣎 䣎 ␗➃⪅ࡋ࡚ⅆฮฎࡏࡽࢀࡓ䣎࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍ඵඵᖺࡇࡢᩍ༊ࡢྖᩍ࡞ࡾ䣍୍ඵᖺ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢྖᩍ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ୰ࡢᆅ༊ྡ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡀᕪࡍࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿ䣎࣐ࣝࣀࡲ࡛ࡢ㊥㞳ࡣ䣍୕ࠐ࢟ࣟ⛬ᗘ䣎ࡢᮾࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㡿ᅵ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ༡⣙ࠐ࢟ࣟ⨨ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࣦࣟ䣴࢟࠸࠺ᅜࡣᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍 ⣙༓ᖺࢃࡓ䣬࡚ࣦࣔࣛ䣵 䥹ὀ 40ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡢ୰ᚰ㒔ᕷ䣎ࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࣈࣜ䣻ࣥ䣎39ࢪ䣼࣭ࣥࢹ䣵䤀䥹୍䢣୍භࠐඵ䥺ࡣᩘᏛ⪅䣍༨ᫍ⾡ᖌ䣍㘐㔠⾡ᖌ䣎38࣭ࣖࣥࣇࢫ37ࢺࣝࢥᡓதࡸ୕༑ᖺᡓத࡞࠾࠸࡚䣍࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ᪉䥹ⓚᖇ᪉䥺ࡢᑗ㌷ࡋ࡚㈉ 䥹୍୕ࠐ䢣୍ᅄ୍䥺36ࢳ䣷ࢥㄒ࡛ࣦࣔࣛ䣴䣍ࢻࢶㄒ࡛࣓䤀ࣞࣥ䣎࣑࣎࣊ࡢᮾ㞄᥋ࡍࡿ䣍⌧ᅾࡢࢳ35⌧ᅾࡢ࣏䤀ࣛࣥࢻ༡ᮾ㒊ࡢ࢞ࣜࢶ䣵ᆅ᪉䣎34࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢᐙ㛗ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ䣎33⌧ᅾࡢࣈࢲ࣌ࢫࢺࡢྑᓊ䣍ࣈࢲᆅ༊ࢆᣦࡍ䣎୍ᅄ୍ᖺࡽ୍භඵභᖺࡲ࡛ࢺࣝ32 ࡣ࣑࣎࣊ࡢ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉⪅࡛䣍࣒ࣛ䤀ࢺ୕ୡࡢୡࡣ୍䢣䣎୍භࠐභᖺࡢㅮ༠ᐃࡣᙼࡢᚋ⥅⪅31ᅄୡ⣖ࡢࣟ䤀࣐ࡢ㌷グ≀సᐙ࡛䣍30ࢫ࣌ࣥࡢ㤿⾡ᐙ䣎29ṇᘧࡣࣦ䣵䤀ࢼ䤀28ᮾࣉࣟࢭࣥࡢ୍ᆅ᪉䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᅽಽⓗከ࠸䣎27⌧ᅾࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㒔ᕷ䣍࢚ࢫࢸࣝࢦ࣒䣎 ࣉࣛࣁᏛᏛ㛗䣎26⌧ᅾࡢࢻࢶ䣍ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥᕞࡢᮾ➃䣍ࢻࢶ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᅜቃ⥺ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ25 䣕㌷ᴫせ䣖ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ䣎పᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࢽ䤀ࢲ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ ࣭ ࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ24๓ฟࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㒔ᕷࣛ䤀ࣉ䥹ὀ 䥹┤ヂࡍࢀࡤ 䣓࢘䣵䤀ࣥ᪂ᕷ⾤䣔 䥺 ࠸࠺ࡀ䣍
ࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢᮾ᪉ࠐ࢟ࣟ࠶ࡿ䣎
14䥺ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝὀࡄ䣎ࣛ䤀ࣉࡽࢥ
36䥺
58 57 56 55 ࡾ䣍ᇛࡢ᫂ࡅΏࡋࢆᙉไࡋ䣍ᅄࠐྡࡢ㥔␃㒊㝲ࢆ⨨࠸ࡓ䣎ࢆ༨ᣐࡋࡓࡢࡕ䣍ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡣ࣑࣎࣊㌷ࡢ୍㒊ໃࡢ➼᪘ࡓࡕࡶᇛධ54 䣵䤀ࢫࡀ㤿䣬࡚Ⓩሙࡋ䣍Ẹ⾗ࢆぢ࠾ࢁࡍ䣔࠸࠺ࢺ᭩ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎Ẹ⾗ࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ┤๓ጼࢆ⌧ࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ูࡢ✏࡛ࡣ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡢḼኌࡢ┤๓䣓࣐ࢸ䣚࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣛ࡈᣵᣜ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣔ゝ࠺ࡼ࠺䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ䣍ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡢึࡵ࠾࠸࡚ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖ࡀ䣓බẊୗ53 52 ࣑࣊ࡢ➼᪘ྠ┕ࢆ⤖ࡪྐᐇࡣ࡞࠸䣎51 ࢱ䤀࣎ࣝࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎50 49 48 ࣥࢺࡢㆡṌࢆጉᐖࡋࡓ䣎47 ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ᐇ㝿ㄒࡿࡢࡣⓏሙே≀⾲࠶ࡿࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡࡦࡾ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎46 45 ࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᛴඛ㗓䣎44 ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎43 ᅾࡣࡶᕞ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎42 41 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ୍භ୍භᖺࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥᏛࡢᏛ㛗࡛࠶ࡿ䣎࣋ࢶ࣒ࣞ࣊ࡢᫍ䣎᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍࣐ࢱ⚟㡢᭩䣍䣍୍䢣୍୍䣎୕༑ᖺᡓதࡢ⥴ᡓ࡞䣬ࡓ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡇ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍⚝ࡢᙇᮏேࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇୡࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀὴරࡋࡓࣦࣔࣛ䣵㌷࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ㌷ࡀࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝᕥᓊࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡀࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡔ຺㐪࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ㄞࡵᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ୡグ䣍୕䢣୍䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦࡍ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࡇࡢⅬ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀࣉࣛࣁጼࢆ⌧ࡋ䣍࣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡➃䣍᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍ࢥࣜࣥࢺேࡢᡭ⣬➨୍䣍୍୕䣍୍䢣୍୕䣎ສチ≧ࡀ┤᥋ࡢࡁ䣬ࡅ࡞䣬ࡓ୕༑ᖺᡓதࢆᬯ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚ⠇࢚࢞ࢱ䤀ࣀࢫ࣌ࣥ⠇ࢫࢽ࢞䥹 ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝྑᓊ࠶ࡿࣉࣛࣁ᭱ྂࡢᇛ䣎➼᪘ࡢពぢࢆ㛤㝞ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ䣍➨ࡢ⪅䣍௦⾲⪅䣍௦㆟ဨ୕ே࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࣉࣛࣁࡢ༡᪉⣙ඵࠐ࢟ࣟ⨨ࡍࡿ䣎ࢶࢹࣥࢥ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣟࣈࢥࣦ䣵ࢶ䥹ࢬࢹࢽ䣷ࢡ࣭ࢬ࣭ࣟࣈࢥࣦ䣵ࢳ䥺࠸࠺ࣉࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᅜቃ࠸࡚䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ㌷ࡋ࡚ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 䥹ὀ㸴䥺పᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࢽ䤀ࢲ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄࣇࢫὴࡢ୍ὴ䣎㔜⪷㣶ὴࡶ࠸࠺䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢඛ㐵㝲ࡀ䣍
㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ ࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ
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ᒣ
ࡢᡓ࠸䥹୍භࠐ䥺ࡢᬯ♧䣎
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284㡫䥺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 232 ὀ 9࢜ࣛࣥࢲ⊂❧ᡓதࡢᣦᑟ⪅࡛䣍⊂❧ᚋࡢึ௦⥲╩࢜ࣛࢽ࢚බ࢘䣵࣒ࣞ䥹ⱥㄒ䣍࢜ⓚᖇࡢ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫᑐࡍࡿឤࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡚ࡢࡇࡔࡀ䣍୧ᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㝤ᝏ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࡞࠾䣍ࡇࢀࡣᐇ㝿ࡣ୍ඵᖺࡽඵࠐᖺࡅබ࡛࠶ࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ䣍ࢫ࣌ࣥࡢᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࢜ࣛࣥࢲེ࡛ຍᢸࡋࡓࡓࡵ䣍8࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡶࢫ࣌ࣥࡶࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡀᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢࣝࣇࡣⓚᖇ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 స⪅ࡣࡇࡢ௳ࢆ➨୍ᖥࡢ௦7࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥୡ䥹ᅾ୍භᅄ䢣භ䥺ࡢࡇ࡛䣍ᙼࡢ㊧ࢆく䣬࡚ࣝ䤀ࢻ༊ࡀᕷࡢ⾜ᨻࡸྖἲࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢᆅ༊ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡇࡢసရୡ⏺࠾࠸࡚ࡶ䣍ᕷᗇ⯋ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇࡢᆅࡕ࡞ࡳసရ୰䣍ࡿ䥺࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ྑᓊᪧᕷ⾤᪂ᕷ⾤ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࣉࣛࣁᕷෆࡢᆅ༊ࡋ࡚䣍ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ᕝᕥᓊࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽ䥹ࡇࡇࣉࣛࣁᇛࡀ࠶ࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ䥺6࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼࡣࣉࣛࣁࡢᆅ༊ྡ䥹ࡑࡢྡ๓ࡢពࡽᑠᆅ༊䣍ᑠᕷ⾤ヂࡉࣝ䤀ࢺ䣶ࢫ䣖࠸࠺సရࡢᵓࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 䥹୍භࠐᖺ䥺 ᪧᕷ⾤ࡀఱᗘゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡀ䣍ࡓࡢࡕ⮬ᐖࡋࡓ䣎ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ࡣ䣍ࡑࡢௐࢆウࡘே≀ࢆேබࡋࡓ䣕ࣈ5⣖ඖ๓ࠐࠐᖺࡈࢁࡢࣟ䤀࣐ࡢࣝࢡࣞࢶ䣵ࡼࡾ䣎ᙉጮࡉࢀࡓࡇࢆኵ࿌ⓑࡋே䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉᑠࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䥺ࡽྲྀ䣬ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ䣎 䣎4ࡇࡢྡࡣ䣍୍ᅄ୕ᅄᖺ䣍ࣇࢫᡓத࡛ᩋṚࡋࡓ୧ ⛣ࡍࡇࡼ䣬࡚䣍᪘䣍ൔ䣍≉ᶒⓗୖᒙᕷẸࡢ⥲⛠䣎❧ࡍࡿ๓ࡢ௦࠾ࡅࡿ䣍⋤ᶒᣕᢠࡋࡓ㌟ศไ㆟䥹➼᪘㆟䥺ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㈗3➼᪘䥹ࢻࢶㄒ࠸࠺䣎ࡇࢀࢆࣛࢸࣥㄒࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ࢚࢝ࢧࣝࡢྡ๓࡞ࡿ䣎ࡇࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᗢᏊࡢᐇྡࡣࢫ࣌ࣥㄒ࡛ࣇࣜ࢜ ࣉࣛࣁ࠸࠺⏫ࡀᘓタࡉࢀࡓ䣍࡚䣍ࡇࡢே≀ྡࡣࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣ࢝ࢨ䤀ࡢ୰ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣍࠸࠺ྵពࡀ࠸࠺ྡ๓ࡽⓚᖇࢆពࡍࡿ࢝ࢨ䤀࠸࠺ࢻࢶㄒࡶὴ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡋࡓࡀ䣬2ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣྂ௦ࣟ䤀࣐ࡢᑗ㌷࢚࢝ࢧࣝࡢࢻࢶㄒㄞࡳࡔࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ࢚࢝ࢧࣝࡽࢀࡿ䣎༑ᅄṓୗ䣍࡞ࡾᖺ㱋ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛䣍ពᅗࡋ࡚∗⏚ࡢ㛵ಀࡋࡓࡶ⪃࠼1ᐇ㝿ࡣᚑᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀ༑භṓୗ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡀ୕
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41䥺ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡢ㌷ Julio
ࡓࡔࡋゝࡍࢀࡤ䣍୍୍ඵᖺࢳ䣷ࢥࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟࠸࠺ᅜࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࢫ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࣝࣀ䥹ࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟ㄒ䣍ࢻࢶㄒ࡛ࡣࢥࣔࣝࣥ䥺ࡽᩘ༑࢟ࣟ᪉ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡔࡍࡿሙᡤࡢྡ๓࡛䣍⌧ᅾࡢࢫࣦࣟ䣴࢟ࡢ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᅜቃ㏆ࡃ࠶ࡿࢥ࣐ࡇࡽ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡࡣ䣍ࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴ᕝࡀࢽࢺࣛᕝྜὶࢫ࣐࣭ࣥࢺࣝࢥࡢ୍භࠐභᖺࡢఇᡓ༠ᐃࢆࢶ䣵ࢺࣦ䣴࣭ࢺࣟࢡㅮ༠ᐃ࠸࠺䣷ࢽᖐᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎⌧ᅾ䣍ࢣࣝࣥࢸࣥࡣ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᕞࡔࡀ䣍ࢡࣛࣥࡣ୍ᅄᖺ௨㝆䣍ࢫࣦࣟ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢᖺṚཤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡿࣘࢫࢸಟ㐨㝔࡚㞃᳇⏕άࢆ㏦䣬ࡓ䣎භ䥺ࡽࡶࢫ࣌ࣥ⋤䥹୍୍භ䢣භ䥺ࡽࡶ㏥ࡁ䣍ࢫ࣌ࣥ୰す㒊࠶࠾࠸࡚䣍䥹ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ㄒ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢪ䣷䤀ࣝ䣍 ୍ᅄᖺ䣍࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓ䣎ᙜヱసရࡣ䣕ᛀ༷ࡢᣦ㍯䥹ࣥࢆ⾶㏥ࡉࡏࡓ䣎୍භ䢣ඵ䥺ࡢ㊧ࢆく䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ഃ㏆ࡢ࣐ࣞࣝබᅜᨻࢆࡍ࡚௵ࡏ䣍ࢫ࣌ ୧㒔ᕷࡶᨷ␎ࡉࢀࡓࡀ䣍ࡋ࡚࢝䤀ࣝୡ䣍ࣞࣥࢪබ࢘䣵࣒ࣜ䥺 ࣃ䤀࣏䥺 ὀ 䣎 ᩘᖺᚋࡑࢀࡒࢀྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓ䣎 ࢺࣝࢥᡓத 䣎 䥹୍୕䢣୍භࠐභ䥺 23సရሙᡤࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡྩᅜࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᅜ࢜22ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀ࡣ㒔ᕷ21୍ᖺ䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ᭱㧗ྖ௧ᐁࡔ䣬ࡓ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛᭱㧗ᣦᐁࡢᆅ20ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢᮎᘵ䣎ᮏసࡣⓏሙࡋ࡞࠸䣎19࢝䤀ࣝୡࡣᐇ㝿ࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࡢ∗࡛䣍Ṛࡢᖺ๓ⓚᖇ䥹୍୍䢣 䥹ὀ18ᪧ⣙⪷᭩䣍ิ⋤⣖ୖ䣍୍䣍ඵ䢣୕୕䣎17ࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼࡢ㒊䣎16ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡣ䣍⌧ᅾࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ䣍ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡᕞࡢᕞ㒔ࢢࣛ䤀ࢶ䣎15᪂⣙⪷᭩䣍࣐ࢱ⚟㡢᭩䣍ᅄ䣍୍䢣୍୍䣎14ࣛ䤀ࣉࡶࣃ䤀ࣃࡶࡶ⌧ᅾࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ䣍࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᅜቃ㏆࠸㒔ᕷ13ࣜࣥࢶࡣ㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ12ࢫ࣌ࣥ㯤㔠ᮇࡢసᐙ11ࢫ࣌ࣥᅜ⋤10㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢜䤀ࣂ䤀࣭࢚ࢫࢱ䤀ࣛࣄ 䥹୍භ䢣୍භ୕䥺 䥹ᅾ୍ඵ䢣୍භ୍䥺 䣎 ከస࡛䣍 䣎 ♽∗࢝ࣝࣟࢫ୍ୡ ࢢࣜࣝࣃࣝࢶ䣴䤀ከ 䥹⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ⓚᖇ
࢜ 䤀 ࣂ 䤀 ࣭ ࢚ ࢫ ࠶ࡿ㒔ᕷ䣎
ࢱ
䤀 19䥺 䣍 ࠾ࡼࡧࢫ࣌ࣥᖇᅜࢆ⤯㡬ᮇᑟ࠸ࡓ∗ࣇ䣷ࣜ࣌ୡ 䥹ᅾ ࣛ
10䥺 ࡔࡀ䣍 ᚋ⪅ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⚄⪷ࣟ䤀࣐ᖇᅜࡢ㡿㑥ᅜᐙ䣎ࡢᕞ㒔䣎ࣄ
La sortija del olvido La sortija
䥺䣖
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 233
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ᗄேࡢ⪅ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ
࠶࡞ࡓࡢࡋࡳࡣࢆ㉺࠼䣍⨩ࡋࡓ࠶ࡶ࡞࠾ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᘏࡧ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ䣎ᘬࡁᐤࡏ䣍 ୖࡢࡼ࠺↓ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ✰ࡼࢁࡵ࠸࡚⾜ࡃ䣎ᖸࡽࡧ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ᑗ᮶ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࠶ࢀࡇࢀࡢክࡣᾘ࠼ኻࡏ䣍 Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡶᣊࡽࡎ䣍ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃ䣬ࡓ䣎࠾ୖ䣎ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡅࡔ䣎╔࠸࡚ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡋࡓࡢࡣ䣍 ୖࡀ⏕ࡁ㛗ࡽ࠼࡚䣍㡪࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡀࢃࡓࡋࡀḧࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ㟼ࡉࡔ䣎 ᙧ࡛ᝨࢃࡍࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࡇࢃࡿ䣎 Ḽኌࡢ㬆ࡾṆࡲ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ䣍 䥹ど⥺ࡀᖇᅜࡢ⾲❶ࡪࡘࡾ䣍┠ࢆࡑࡴࡅࡿ䥺࠾䥹ᗄேࡀࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥᥱᡭࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࢃࡓࡋࡀṚࢇ࡛࠸ࢀࡤ䣎༑ᖺࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡑࡢࡓࡵࢃࡓࡋࡢ⏕㌟ࡢࡽࡔࡣ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓ㐨ࡀチࡉࢀࡿṇࡋ࠸㐨࡛ࡣ࡞䣬 ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᡓࡀጞࡲࡿࡒ䣎ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡢ䣍႐ࡧ⤥࠼䣎 ᖾ㐠ࡶࡶ࠺࠸ࡽࢇ䣎䥹ḟࡢヰࡢ㛫䣍ࡑࡢሙ࠸ࡿேࠎࡣሙᡤࢆ✵ࡅ䣍㏻ࡾ㐨ࢆసࡿ䥺 ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢࡇࡢᚰࡢ୰ࡶࡸࡲࡋࡃ㬆ࡾ⚄ᯝᐇࢆ䣎 ࠼䣬࡚౧ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ䣎ࡼ࠺䣎 ࡘ࡚⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸࡞ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᩛࢆࡴࡋࡾ䣍 ࡇࡢᅜࡀᡭධࢀࡢ⾜ࡁᒆ࠸ࡓᗞ࡞ࡾ䣍㌷ࡢ⫼ᚋᅇ䣬࡚࠸ࡿᩛࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡇࡶࡋࡇࡶ㦁ࡀࡋ࠸䣎ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࡋ⮬㌟ࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ㌷⾜ືࢆࡶࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ┠ᶆ㎺ࡾ ◊ࡂࡲࡉࢀࡓṊჾࡼ䣬࡚ᩛࢆᾘࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍 ⠠ࡅ䣍 ࡔ ྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃᙺ┠ࡣࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠾ᘬࡁཷࡅࡋ ᐇࡾ㇏࡞✐≀⏿࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡦࡑࡸ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼᭱ࡶ༴㝤 ࡋࡋ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓ ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ እฟ࡚Ẽࢆ⣮ࡽࢃࡋࡓ࠸䣎
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶ႐ࡤࡋ࠸䣎 ୕༑ᖺ⥆ࡇ࠺ࡶ䣎 䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ࡽᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䥺 ᡓ୕༑ᖺఱࡢࡇࡔ䣎 䢣 ୕༑ᖺࡔ䣎Ꮀࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
䢣 䢣 ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ☢▼ࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࢆ ࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࠸࠸ࡒ䣎
䢣 ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍 ୕
1987. Helmut Bachmaier. Frankfurt am Main (Deutscher Klassiker Verlag) Franz Grillparzer: Werke, Band 3 (Dramen 1828-1851). Hrsg. von
ࡶཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎⩻ヂ࠶ࡓࡾḟࡢసရ㞟ࢆᗏᮏࡋ࡚⏝࠸䣍‒ స⪅ࡢࡢ✏ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᮏ⾤㊰ࡽ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ
ࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺䥹ṓࢆྉࡪኌࡀ⥆ࡁ䣍ࡢ࣭ ࡃࡾ࠼ࡋ⬚ࢆࡓࡓࡃ䥺䥹㐲ࡃࡽ᪂ࡓேࠎࡢ㦁ࡄኌ㡢ᴦ䥺 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ㢦ࢆ୧ᡭ࡛そ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋ ᖥ 㐣ࡕࢡ ࣝ ࣃ ࡔ䣎 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ 䥹ᮘࡢ࠺ྥࡁ┤䣬࡚䣍 ࠸ࡃࡽ㊥㞳ࢆ䣬࡚ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡁ䣍 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣎
࣓
ࡢ࣭
㐣ࡕࢡ ࣝ ࡔ䣍ࣃ ࢃࡓࡋ
࣓
ࡢ࣭ 㐣ࡕࢡ ࣝ ࡔ䣍ࣃ ࢃࡓࡋ
࣓
ࡢ࣭ ࣐᭱ࢡࢩ࣐ ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 234
እࡢ㡢ᴦႏኌ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ
䣎㔜ࢇࡌࡿࡽࡔ䣎ࡽ௧᭩ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡼ࠺䣎 ࡋࡁ▱ᜨࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࢀ䣎ࡋ࡚ࡣࡲࡔⱝࡍࡂࡿ䣎 ࣌ࣥࡀࡼࡾ☜ᐇᡴᧁࢆ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࡇࡓ⤫⋡⪅࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㓝ࡶ㟼ࡲࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ⾜ືྠᵝ䣍ேࡀධࡾ䣍 ࡲࡓᑗ᮶ࡣᑗ㌷࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ぢ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡣࡎࡔ䣎▷ᮇ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ఱࢆᛮ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ୕༑ᖺ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ᫍ༨࠸ࡶࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡀ䣍ࡢቨࡽࡇࡔࡲࡋ࡚ゝⴥࡀࡃࡾ࠼ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࡢᏊ౪ࡀே࡞ࡽࡠ࠺ࡕࡣ䣍࠺ࡶ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㈼᫂࡞ᩥ᭩ࡶᡓࡣ㛫㏆㏕䣬ࡓ䣎ᴟฮ࡞ࢁ࠺ࡶ䣍 ࡞ࡽࡤࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢᝒୗࡑ࠺䣎ウ࠺䣎ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣍 ࡑࢀࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢᩛ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎䥹ࡦࡾࡢ⪅ࡀࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ฟ࡚䣍ࣁࣥ࢝ࢳ࡛ྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎㡢ᴦࡀࡸࡴ䥺 ௐウࡕࡣ┿ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡣ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍 ⾑ࡢ୰࡛ࡓࡂ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㔄 ࡔࡀணゝ⪅ࡣࡢ⪃࠼ࡈࢆࡋ࡚ⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ᩛࢆỌ㐲ࡢṚࡽᩆ῭ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ㌟⨭ࡽࢀࡓྩࡢⴿࢆᚰࡢ୰࡛ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍࠸࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 Ḽኌࢆΰࡐྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 ▷ᮇỴᡓゝ䣬ࡓ ࡔࡀ⨩ࡍࡿࡇࡀྠ䣍 ྩࡢᩛ⨩ࢆ ▷ᮇỴ ࡓ࠼ ྩࡢௐࢆ ࡉ࡚䣍 ㄡࡶࡀ䣍 ⮬ศࡢᮏᙜࡢᣢࡕሙࡀࡇ࡞ࡢศࡿࡼ࠺䣍 ࡇࢀ
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ༑ศಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿᡓኈ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ㄡࡔ䣎 ఱࢆᛮ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡓ䣎 ࡞ࡐ୕༑ᖺ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ⇍⦎ࡋ ࡲࡿ࡛ᅄ᪉ ṓ Ẋୗ䣍 ୍ୡ௦ࡢ㛗ࡉࡣࡑࢀࡃࡽ࠸࠸࠸ࡲࡍ䣎䥹ேࠎࡢ㛫ΰࡌ䣬࡚䥺 ᡓதࡣⰋ࠸ࡇ䣍 ࡢ ୕༑ᖺ⥆ࡇ
䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣎
䢣
㝎ୗࡶࡈ㏞ᝨࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺእ࡛ ᚑࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡿ䣎እࡽḼࡢኌ䥺࡛ࡣᡞࢆ㛤ࡅ䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍ᜤࡋࡃ࠾㎡ࡋ࡚ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ䥺ྩࡀࡕࡽ䣍Ẹ⾗ࡣศࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠺䣎 ࡿᡓኈ䣍ࡑࡢࡕࡽࡶࡀ㝎ୗࢆ୍┠ぢࡓ࠸せồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᑵࡏࡼ࠺ྉࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䣎ࡇࡢୖ࠺ࡋࢁゝ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࡿ䣎ࡤ䣍࡞ࡐྂࡧࡓࡢၥࢃࢀ䣍⌮⏤ࡀẼ࡞ࡾ䣍ࡇࡢ㞺ᅖẼࢆΎ᪂࡞࠺ࡕ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎䥹ᚑ䣍ᐁᡣᐊධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺Ẹ⾗ࡢᮃࡳᛅᐇ࡞ᐙ᮶ࡢ㢪࠸ࢆఏ࠼࡚ࡇ࠸䣎 ᙼࡽຍ࠼࡚䣍ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡍ䣎 ᡓሙ㉱ࡃ⏝ពࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ᪂ࡋ࠸ྩḼࡢኌࡀୖࡀ䣬࡚䣍 䣓࡞ࡐ䣔㝿㝈ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ ࡇࢀࡶྂࡧ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ ⓙ䣍 ୍┠ぢࡓ࠸ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺 ⓚᖇࡀஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࡇࡀࡍ࡛▱ࢀࢃࡓ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ
䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣎 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡚䥺 ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᨺ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ⾜䣬࡚ࢃࡓࡋࡢᶓ❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽࡉ䣬ࡉ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬ศࡢ 䢣 ࡶ࠺ࡇࢀ௨ୖ↹ࢃࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡅࡿࡢࡣࡸࡵࡼ࠺䣎䥹࢞ࣛࢫᡞࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺Ẹ⾗ࡀࡢḟ➨ࢆ▱䣬࡚䣍 ࡇࡢࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ࡽ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯 ࢃࡓ ࠾ࡢࡀྩࢆࢻࢶ⋤ࡢ⋢ᗙ䥹ᐁᡣᐊࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㟼࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ䣎 ㄡ⾜䣬࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࢁ䣎 ࠸ࡊ 䢣
䥹ูࢀࡢ㌟ࡾ䥺ࡉࡽࡤ䣎 䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ฟ
䢣 㝎ୗ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 235
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱ࣐ࣥࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡓࡕࡀ⏦ࡍ䣍ࡶࡘ࠸࡚ࡃࡿ࡞䣎ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀඛṚࡡࡤࡼ䣬ࡓࡶࡢࢆ䣎 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤⓎసぢ⯙ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡽ䣎࡚࠸ࡿ䥺㌟ලࢣ䤀ࢫࢆ࠸ࡃࡘᦠ࠼ࡓᩘேࡢᘐ⮧ࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබ䣍ࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎࠾ࢇ⮬ࡽ࠾⟅࠼ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎ࡓࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎❶ࡢࡘ࠸ࡓභ㢌❧࡚ࡢ㤿㌴ࢆ㏣࠸㉺ࡋࡲࡍ䣍ࢇㄡࡶಙࡌ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 䥹୰ධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䥺ࡶゝ࠸ࡩࡽࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡢࡇࢆᛀࢀࡿ࡞ദಁࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞䣎 ႙᭹ࡶᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡞཱྀ⾜ࡁ䥺ㄡࡈᐜయࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎ぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎 ࡋ ࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚᭩≧ࢆᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺 ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ᡭࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛䣍 ࡛ࡣ䣍 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࢆᶓ┠࡛ぢࡸ䣬࡚䥺ࡓ䣬ࡓ䣍ࡢሙྜࡣᜍࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ࡑࡢࡓࡀࡓࡀ࠾╔ࡁ࡞䣬 ဨ䣍⳹࡞㣭ࡾࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ࠶ࡽࡤ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀࢱ䤀࣎ࣝᶫ ᇛࡽⓎࡋ࡚ᖾࢆఏ࠼ࡿშࢆ ୰ࡣ㯮࠸᭹ࢆ╔ࡓࡓࡀ ႙᭹ࢆ╔ ࠸ࡢ⪅ࡀࡁ䣯࠺ࡢ࠺ࡕࡶ㐃ࢀ࡚ᡠࡿࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠺ࡣࡇࡢ᭩≧ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡀࡓ ✜ࡸ࡞ࢃࡀᅜᖐࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍ䣎 ࡓࡔࡋࡑ 䥹ࡦ
ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ᛴ࡞Ⓨస࡛䣎 ࡲࡔᮃࡳࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࠸࠺ࡢࡣᚑ ࡼࡃศ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡑ࡞ࡓࡓࡕࡢ⾰ࡀㄒ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䢣 ୖࡣஸࡃ䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢᡭࡽ᭩≧ࢆࡦ䣬ࡓࡃࡿ䥺ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀࡇࡇ࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ጁࢆฟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࠺࡞ࡿ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబ䣍ᙼࡀฟ❧ࡋ࡚ࡲࡔ࠸ࡃࡽࡶࡓ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣉࣛࣁࡽ᮶ࡓ࡞䣎 ⓚᖇࡢ ࠾ᮃࡳ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ䣍 ஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓఱᗘ
70࡛ⓚᖇࡢ⣠
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡍ䣎 䥹㐲ࡃ࡛㌷ᴦ䥺ᮘ㍕ࡏࡿ䥺䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍ࡶṚࢆචࢀࡿࢃࡅࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡑࡋ࡚࠺እࡢᡬࡲ࡛ ཤࡿ䣎ࡲࡍ䣎 కࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ⾲❶ࡢධ䣬ࡓࢣ䤀ࢫࢆୖᡭᚋᬒ࠶ࡿࡣ⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤጤࡡ࡚䣍࡛ࡋࡓ䣎ࡂ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡢ࠾ࡓࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎 ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶࢃࡓࡋࡣ㝎ୗࡢ࡛ࡋࡓᖇᅜࡢ⾲❶ ࡇࢀ࡛ࡋ࡚ࡢ⩏ົࡶᯝࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛௦ࡣ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡓࡋࢆࡧᐤࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ศࡢᅜᖐࡾ ேຓࡅࡽࢀࡿ௨ୖ䣍ࡼࡾ௨ୖ㈼᫂࡞࠾ࡓ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ୗࢆᛮ䣬࡚Ἵࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ䣎 ࡍ࡛⥅ᢎᶒࢆᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࠾ୡ⥅ࡋࡇࡢࡓࡧぢ⯙䣬ࡓࡢࡣṚ⚄࡛ࡋ࡚䣍ࡈᔂᚚ࠶ࡑࡤࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᡭ࠺ษࡾᢤࡅ࡚ࡺࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ౯ࡍࡿ࠾ࡓࡔ䣎 ᩗ࡞Ẋ࡛
䥹ࡇࢃࡿ㌟ࡾࢆࡋ࡚䥺 Ṛࡋ࡚ேࡣⓙ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ఱࡶ࡞ࡍࡁࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣎 ㄡࡋ ࡑࢀ᪩ィៃ࡚࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶぢࡽࢀࡿ ࡲࡓ⾜ືࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 71
ࢆᣢཧ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᖇᅜࡣࡇࡢࡓࡧ䣍 ṇᙜࡢᶒࡋ࡚
㡢ᴦࢆࡸࡵࡉࡏࢁ䣎 ࠶ࡢ㡪ࡁࡣࡇࡢ⬚ࡢᝒࡋࡳࢆ࠶ࡊ➗ఱࡣࡶ࠶ࢀ䣍 ࢃࡀ୍㛛ࡢឤㅰࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ࠾ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡃࡔࡀ䣍ཿᬛ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸⾜ື⌧ࢀࡿࡶࡢ䣎࠾࠾䣍 ษ㏕ࡍࡿ௦ࡀࢃࡓࡋ⊰ணࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ࡚䣍 㝎 䥹❆㥑ࡅᐤࡾ䥺 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⏦ࡋࡓ࢝ࣉࣛ䤀ࣛṌර㝲࡛
䢣
䢣 ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣍䢣 ࡇࡢᅜ 㝎ୗࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 236
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺṧࡾࡢ⪅ᩘྡࡢ⪅ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
䥹㐲ࡃ࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺ⲡࡀ䣍ࡢ୍ᮏ୍ᮏࢆ᩿ࡓࢀ䣍ⰺࡲ࡛㝖ཤࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠺ࡕࡣఇࡴࡲ࠸ࡒ䣎 ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆᚲࡎᛂࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺䣍᭩≧ࢆ㏦ࢀ䣎ࢀࡶ㐍㌷ࡍࡿࡇࢆせồࡍࡿ䣎࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸䣎ࣉࣛࣁ࡛ࡣ㈾Ẹࡀ䣍䥹ᩘேࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ࢫࢺࣜࡢ㧗㈗࡞ࡿ୍᪘ᛅㄔᚰࢆᢪࡃ⪅ࡣධࢀ䣎 ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡋ࡚㈗᪘ࡓࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍ࡢῬࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ ಙ௮ࡢ㈾Ẹࡀഐⱝ↓ேࡢ⯙࠸䣍Ẽࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇࡍࡿ䣎࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎⋢ᗙᗙࡽࡏ⤥࠺࡞ࡽ䣍 ⚄ṇ⩏ࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢẼධࡿ௨ୖࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺䣍ࡓࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 Ỵࡋ࡚㯲䣬࡚ぢ࡚ࡣ᪩㏆ࡃࡲ࡛᮶࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎䣯࠺ࡢ࠺ࡕࡶࢲࣥࣆ࢚䤀ࣝ㥽ර㝲ࡀࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ᛮ࠺䣎 ࢃࢀࢃ ຊ㏿ࡉࡀ⤖ࡧࡘࡠ䣍 ࡔࡀᝏࡃᛮࢃ ࢃࡓࡋࡶ ࢝ࣉࣛ䤀ࣛṌර㝲ࡶ᭱ ᡓᡭ㊊ࡀᥞ䣬 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ๐䣬࡚࡛ࡶேᑾࡃࡋࡓ࠸ࡣᛮ࠺ࡀ䣍 ࠶ࡢᝏᛶࡢ ⏕㈈⏘ࡶࢁࡶ䣎ぬᝅࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀 ឤㅰࡍࡿࡒ䣎 ࡑࢀࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᘬࡁཷࡅࡓࢃࡅ䣎 ࡑࢀ࠸ࡘࡢ᪥䣍 ⚄ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆࡇࡢᅜࡢ
ࡇࡢἨࡢỈࡣỴࡋ࡚㣧ࡴࡲ࠸䣍ࡈ‶࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ྂ࠸ㅗ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍
䥹୰ኸᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺 ᥍࠼ࡢ㛫࠸ࡿ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍 ࢜䤀
69
ࢆὴ㐵ࡋࢁ䣎 ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥබࡣ䣍 ㌷ࡀᚲせ
68
䣎ࢆỴࡍࡿࡢࡣ
䢣 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡢ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡿくᧁ⪏࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎≧ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚䥺ࡢຨⓎࢆࡤࡾᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡍ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡽࡲ࠸䣬࡚䣍 ࡢᅜࠎࡢ␗➃⪅ࡶ䣍 ྠࡌᚿࡢᙉᅜຓࡅࢆ㢗ࡲࡎࡋ࡚䣍ᚲせ࡞ຓຊࢆ⣙᮰ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ࡞ࡿࡣࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబ䣍࣌ࣥࣟ䤀࣐ࡽࡢࡶࡢ䣎࠶ࡿ᭩≧ࡣ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡼࡁ ࡢᆅེ࡛ࡀ㉳ࡇ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡴࡡࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲྠᵝࡢᢠຊࢆྜࢃࡏࢇࡀࡓࡵ䣍࠾ධࡾࡃࡔࡉࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢࢃࡅࢆ㏲୍ࡈㄝ᫂࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ⓙ䣍 ᅄ᪉ࡽく࠸䣬࡚ࡃఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࠶ࡢ⏨ࡀᾘ࠼ࡿࡇࢆ᮲௳䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢຊࡢࡳ࡛䣍䥹ࡧࡅࡽࢀࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡀᙜᝨࡋ࡚࠶ࡎࡉࡿࡢ࡛䥺࡛㟼Ꮤࠎࡋ࡚⾜࡞࠺ࡦࡑ࡞Ⴀࡳࡼࡿࡶࡢ䣎࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣛࣁྥ࠺㌷㝲ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓེ 䥹᭩䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ⋤䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ࡢ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀ䤀ࣝ㥽ර㝲ࡀࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᯡᶵཀࢆࢇ࡛᮶࠸䣎 ࡇࢀ࡛Ẋୗࡣ㉏ࢆᡭ୰ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ
䥹ཝࡋࡃ䥺බࡢሙ࡛ࡅࡿࡼ࠺䣍ໟࡳ㞃ࡉࡎ⏦ࡏ䣎ࡇࡢ䣎Ẽ࡛ࡶ≬䣬ࡓࡢ䣎ࡑ࠺ᐇࢆ⤖ࢇࡔ䣍ఱࡢࣛ䣹ࣃࡔ䣎࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎 ࡔࡀᯝᐇ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⫼ᚋ
䥹࣐ࣥࢺࡽᩘ㏻ࡢ᭩≧ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䣍ᅜ⋤㝎ୗ䣍ࡲࡉࡇࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥฟ❧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᑠኌ࡛䥺㝎ୗ䣍 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺୰ ࡇࡇ ࠶ࢀࡣ䣍 ཌࡲࡋ࠸ེ㌷ࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀṑྥ䣬 䥹❆㥑ࡅᐤ䣬࡚䥺ఱ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎ࡣࡸ䣍ࢲࣥࣆ࢚
ࡣࡾࡈ ㅛ ࡢẚ㢮࡞ࡁᨭ࠼࡛࠶ࡿࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࢫ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 237
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝᚑ ࡔࡑ࠺ࡣᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ䣍ࡏࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࢀࡀఱࡋ࡚ࡸࡿᚲせࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ୗඞୖࡢୡ࡞䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ᭀືࡀࣈࣛ࢘ࢼ࢘䣍࠺⪅ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓゝ࠺⪅ࡲ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣉࣝࢮࢽ䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍୰ኸᡬࡽⓏሙ䥺ࢆぢ㏦ࡿ䥺ࡢ㛫ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబࡀධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ㆤ⾨ࡓࡕࡢ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅ࡚㏥ሙ䣎ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍⥆ࡃ䣎ࡑࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀඛࢆ⾜ࡃᶒࡣṧ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹⬥ᡬࡽᩘேࡢㆤ⾨ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ㆶ┦ᡭ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡛ࡑ࠺ឤࡌࡿ䣎㐲ࡃࡽࡑࡢ㊊㡢ࡀࡍࡿ䣎 ゲࡑ࠺ᙼࡽࡢ࠶ 䥹୰ኸᡬࢆ㛤ࡁ䣍᮶ゼࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ䥺ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥబࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
䥹ඛࢆ⾜ࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䥺ㄡࡔ䣍⪺࠸ࡓ䣎 ୗࡀࢀ䣎 㙐⧅ࡀࢀࡼ࠺ ࡶ࠺ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡺࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࠶ࡕࡽฟࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎
ⓚᖇࡀ୰᩿ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡦ䣯䣬ࡋࡓࡽ䣍㏆࠸࠺ࡕྩࡀያ㞔ࡔ࡞䣎ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇࡔ䣎ᇛࡢᵝᏊࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎బ䣍࠼࡚Ꮀࡋ࠸ࡒ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡽ᮶ࡓࡢ䣎 ࡞ࡽࡤࡑࢀࡶ⤖ᵓ࡞ࡇ䣎ສチ≧ࡼ䣬࡚ᢎㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᩍࡢᘓタࡀ୰᩿ࡉࡶࡋࡶࡢሙྜࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛䣎⮳ࡿࡇࢁ䣍ࡣ䣬䣍ᅇࡾ㐨ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ሗࡀ㘒⥈ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡓ ࡓࡔᅜෆࡣࢃࢀ Ẽࡔゝ
65࡞ᅜࡌ䣮࠺࡛
ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣦ䣴ࣞࣥࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ
ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎ேࡶ㤿ࡶࡄࡎࡘࡃࡢ࡛䣍 ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣈࣝࣀ䣍௧᭩ࢆ᭩ࡅ䣎 ఇ᠁ࡢࡓࡧࡈ䣍 ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࡢ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺䣎ࡾࡢྩ䣍ࡦࡘࡢពᛮ䣎ࡢᛅゝ࡞⪺ࡠࡶࡢ䣎࡚ࡇࡑຊࡣຊゝ࠼ࡾ䣎 㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓ㒊㝲ࡶᣦ௧ࢆ᭩ࡽ࣑࣎࣊ࡣᩛᅜ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࡋྊࡋࡲࡏ䣎᮶ࡿ⪅ࡔࡽ䣍ࢆᑾࡃࡋ࡚ᬤࢆㄳ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᅜෆࢆࡴࡿࡶྍศ࡞ࢀ䣎࡛ࡍࡀࡩࡓࡾࡶ↓࡛ࡍࡢ࡛䣍 ᡓࡢᗞ࠶ࡾ࡚ᑗᐁࡣୗ▱ࢆ࠼ࡇࡑࡍࢀ䣍ࡍ ࡓࡋࡀ㎡ࡋࡓ࠾ࡾ䣍 ୖࡢ㝵࡛ᐷ㎸ࡴࢃࡅࡣ࠸࡞䣬ࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡁ 䣹ࢸࢫ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡣᅵᆅࡢྂ࠸⩦័ᚑ䣬࡚⏦ࡍࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡸࢫࣦࣛ䣴ࢱࡣ㯲䣬࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࡞ࢇ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎࣐䣹ࢸࢫ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࡀど┰ࠎࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ ࡦࡘࡢ⚄䣍 ᙼࡽࢆࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢᇛࡢ❆ࡽᢞࡆⴠࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡵࡽࡵࡽ⇞࠼ᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡈᚰ㓄࡞ࡁࡼ࠺䣎 㝵ᚑ࠼ࡤ᭩グᐁࡣᮎᑿ ࡦ ே ࡑࢀࡇࢁᙼࡽࡣ♩ ࡛ࡍ ࡑࡢືࡁࡣࡍ࡛ࣉࣛࣁࡲ࡛ఙࡧ࡚ ࡕ䣯࠺ࢃ ࡇࢀࡽᅜ⋤㝎ୗࡢチࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 67䣎 ࡑࢀࡶ㡿㑥㆟ࡢ┿᭱୰䣍 ࠎㅈࠎࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ┿᭱୰࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
ㄡ᭩ࡏࡓ䣎࠸ࡘ῭ࡲࡏࡓ䣎 ࡑࢀࡣ࠶࡛ࡼ࠸䣎 ࡣ⭜ࢆ࠾ࢁࡋ࡚ྛᆅࡢ㥔ᒡ㌷࠺ࡴ䣍࡞࠾ࡢࡇⰋ࠸ࡒ䣎 ࡋ࡚䣍 ࠶ࡢᅜࡢᩗ࡞⟶⌮ே࡛࠶ࡿᛅ⮧ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࢽࢶ ࡇࡕࡽࡲ࠸ࡿ㐨ࡍࡀࡽ䣍ࡶ࠺῭ࡲࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎 㥐⯋╔ࡃ⩦័ࡢࡼ࠺Ẋୗࡣ㢗ࡾ࡞ࡿ࠾ࡓࡔ䣎 ᢠ┿䣬ྥࡽᑐᢠࡋᙼࡽࡣࡍ࡛ࡶ䣬ࡦ࠸ࡇ⪏࠼ᚸࡧࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣐
66䣎
ࡦ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 238 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ 䣍ࡋ䣍 ࠸ࡸᡓ࡞䣬࡚ࡣࡧࡇࡾ䣍ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ḞⅬࡀ࠶ࡽࢃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡀࡓ䣬࡚䣍⾜ࡃࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࡇࡣࡲࡔࢻࢶ㡿ࡔࡀ䣍ࢱࣜࡢ㏵୰࠶ࡿࡽ࡞䣎 㝗䣬ࡓㅖᅜⵗࢀࡓ✀ࡀⱆࢆฟࡋ䣍ࡔ䣎࠾ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 ⾑ᰁࡵࡢ┿䣬㉥࡞ⰼࢆࡇࢁࡤࡏࡿࡼ࠺ ᩍⓚࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆࣟ䤀࣐⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡃࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎࠺䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ♩ᣏᇽ⾜ࡏࡓࡽࡣ䣍 ⮬ಙࡢ࡞ࡉỴ᩿ຊ㊊࡛ࡍ䣎ࡶࡍࡿẼࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࣥ⾜䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺䣍⊒ୗ䣎ࡃ⣒ࢆ⣳࠸࡛䣍ࡃࢀࡓ䣎 ΰㅛࢃࡓࡋࡣኳྜᅗࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ䣬ࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍 ࡶ࠺୍ᗘឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎 ࡘ࠸ࡣ୍␒⧄⣽࡞ࡇࢁ࡛ษࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡔࡽࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ ࡋ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࡇࡕࡽࡢࡶࡢ䣎 ᮶ゼࢆ႐ࡤࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡇࢀࡀࡎࡿ㈼ࡉࡢሗ࠸࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ⮬ࡽྜᅗࢆࡋ࡚ ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱ ࡁࡵ⣽
䢣 ᅜ⋤ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆ┤ࡕࡧᡠࡉࢀࡲࡍ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊ㏆࡙࠸࡚䥺ࡑࢀࡣࢇࢃࡓࡋࡢᏑࡐࡠࡇ䣎 ࡇࡇ࡛௧ࢆୗࡏࡿࡓࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯♩ᣏࡣࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᪑⾜࡞ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡍࡿᬤࡓࡔ䣍 ♩ᣏᇽ⾜ࢀࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍 ᡠࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡽ䣍 ࡈ ࠸࠸࠼㸟 ࡑࢇ࡞☜ಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎⮬ศ࡛⮬ศࢆ↓㜵ഛࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡋࢁゝࢃࢀࡓࡽ㸽 ᅜ⋤ࡣ࠾㒊ᒇࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠶࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡋࡓࢃࡅࡔ䣎ឤㅰࡋࡼ࠺䣎ࡸ䣬༑࡞䣬ࡓࡇࢁࡔࡀ䣍 ࣑ࢧࡣ༑୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ᨭ㓄⪅࡞䣬࡚ᅜ⋤㝎ୗࡣ䣍 ᭱Ⰻࡢ⋤࡞ࡽච
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣍ᙉẼ࡛ྩࡢᆅࡲ࡛ࡢࡋୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ⪅ࡶ䣍ࡿᗘࡈ䣍㌟ࡀ㕲࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾ᛮ࠸ࡔࡀ䣍ࡽ䣍 ㄡᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡑ࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢ௧ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎 ஒ㣗ࡢ㈔࠺ࡋ≀ࡣஒ࠺ࡲ࠸䣎ࡍ䣎᐀᪨᭰࠼ࡋ࡚㢗ࡳࡈ࡞࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࡞䣎㕲䣍⬚ࡣ㟷㖡࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ㄡࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀἑᒣ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ෆࡢ㢠ࢆ⏦ࡉࢀࡼ䣎ᖺ㔠ࢆᣄྰ࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡡ䣎 ࡈྩࡀ≬ಙⓗ࡞ಙᛕ㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡽࢀ 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⾜ࡃ㐨ࡣ࠶ࡕࡽ࡛ ࠸䣬ࡓࢇே㛫㛵ಀࡀࡇࡌ ࡈྩࡣࡑ࡞ࡓࡢ⏥ැࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࡀ ࡈྩࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢሙ䥺 ࡓࡔࡋ⊰ணࢆࡃࢀ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍࠶ࡿࡀ䣎㐨୰ࡢ↓ࢆ♳ࡿ䣎࡛ࡣࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥᛴࡆ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡓࡵ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍 ྩ࠼ࡘࡘ䣍ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸䣎ࢀ࡚⾜ࡅ䣎ࡵࡿ๓ྩࡀࡇࡇ࡛㑧㨱ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ィࡽ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ༑ศࡔ䣎 ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣍 ࡇࡇุ࡛ᐁᙺࡤࡾ⊹༞ᙺࡲ࡛ࡸࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢရ┦ ࡑ࠺䣍ࡋࡣถ᪕ࡋ࡚ᖐ䣬࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ ᐙᖐ䣬࡚᭩㢮ࢆᩚ⌮࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍 ⚄ᢠࡋࡓ⏨ࡀሻࡲࡳࢀࡿࡢࢆぢࡿࡢࡣ⚄ࡢࡓࡵ ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥࡲ࡛ᕠ♩ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 䥹୰ኸᡬࡼࡾ㏥ ࡔࡀࡶ࠺㐃 ࡑࡢ䣍 ࢃࡓ
ࡑࡢ㆙࿌ࡣࡶ䣬ࡶࡔ䣎 ጒᚚᕪࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡇ࡛௧ࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺࡢ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࡑ࡞ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 㔠㈌࡛せồࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽ୕ࢡࣟ䤀ࢿ௨ ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡽࡔࡣṊჾྠࡌᮦ㉁࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ࡚࡞䣍ࡑࢀࡺ࠼࠶࡞ࡓࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢጒ䣍 ᙜ↛㈔䣬࡚ࡶ࠾ࡋࡃ࡞࠸䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡀ㏕䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ᣙࡣ ᚰ㓄ࡍࡿ࡞䣎 ࡇࡢࡈோࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࢆጞ
64䣎
䢣 ႐ࡤࡋࡃࡶ䣍 ᚰᙎࡴࡇ࡛ࡣ
䢣 ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 239
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ㏆ౝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ㏆ౝ せྍḞ࡞⏨࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡋࡀ㍍ࡃ䣍࠺ࡽ䣍࠾Ⅽࡈࡋࡁࡓࡽ䣍 ᨭ㓄ᶒࡢゎᾘ࡞ࡶᾴࡋ࠸㢦࡛⨫ྡᣢࡕ㎸ࡴࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍 ㄔᐇゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎࠸䣎ࡉ࠼ࡶ䣍䣴ࣝࢶࡣᐶᐜ࡞ࡿࡇᑡࡋᚸ⪏ࡍࡿࡇࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎ㅖࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸␗➃ࡔࡀ䣍 ⚄ࡢ࠾ゝⴥࡉ࠼ࡶศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡇࡢศࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡀぢ࠼࡞ ࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡣ㝜ㅛࢆࡵࡄࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣍࠶ࡢỴ᩿ຊࡢ࡞ࡉࡺ࠼䣍㏆ࠎࡢࡇࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡀࢻࢶ⋤ࡢ㊧ࢆく࠼ࡤ䣍࠸ࡊ䣍 ᩥ᭩ࡶヰࡶ⾜ືࡶ䣍䥹㏆ౝ䣍ୗࡀࡿ䥺 ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡀゼࢀࡓ䣎ୗࡣࡈ⮬㌟ࡢᏲࡾᡭ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ၏୍ࡢᏲㆤ⪅ࡔ䣎 ␗➃ࡢࢨࢡࢭࣥ䣍ぢ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡇ ࡧࡃࡧࡃࡓࡵࡽࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀಸቑࡍࡿ䣎࡛࡞ࡃ⃭ࡋࡃ䣍 ࠶࠸ࡘࡣ㌟ࡢࡇ࡞࠺ࡔ䣍ࡃⓚᖇࡣ䣎 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡀ࠾㞃ࢀ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍 ↓㦵࡞㢼ࢆ ᚲ ࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࣈࣝࢡ䣍ࡓ䣍ࡀ῭ࢇࡔࡽ࠾┦ᡭࡋࡼ࠺ࡢࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢆ⬣ࡍࡔẼ㐵ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎㝎ୗࡽ䣍䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᇽࠎࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛ᐁᡣᐊධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ࡔࡀ䣍 ㉧ࡏࡢ࠾ゝ࡙ࡅ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᝏ㎥࡞ࣉ ⚄ ᖇᅜࡢ ࡑࢀࡶࡈࡃ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍 ࡁࢃࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ሗࡏࡀࣉࣛࣁࡽᒆ࠸ ࠺
ࡸࡽࡡࡤᗘ࡞࠸䣎ࡣఱࢆᥐ࠸࡚ࡶ࠶ࡢᆓࢆ∦࡙ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ࡇࡇᩘ᭶䣍 ዲᶵࡢ฿᮶ࢆᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ே ࠶࠸ࡘࡢࡦ࠸
㝎ୗࡣࡍ࡛ఱᗘࡶⓎసぢ⯙ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀ䣍䥹ᣍࡌධࢀࡿືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺⊒ୗ䣎 ࡇࡢᗘࡣࡇࢀࡲ
ࢃࡓࡋࡶ࠾♳ࡾࡋࡼ࠺䣎ᚑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁࡘࡃࡢࡣ័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 㝎ୗࡣࢃࢀࡽࡢᕼᮃࡔࡽ䣎 㝎 ࣉࣛࣁࡢ࠺ࡣ
䢣
ࡢࡇࢁࡣ䣎
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ࣭ࣈࣟࢼ䤀
䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺䥹ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍㏥ሙ䥺ࡀ㔜せࡔࡽ䣎ᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䣎ᐙ᮶ࡢᵝᏊࢆぢ⾜ࡅ䣎⮬ศࡢᐙᖐࡽࡏ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡀゝ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍㐺ᙜゝ࠸ࡘࡃࢁ䣬࡚࠶࠸ࡘࢆᘬࡁṆࡵ࡚࠾ࡅ䣎ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ᛴ࠸࡛ࢡࣇࢩ䣻ࢱࣥ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡅ䣎ࡿ䣎 ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ࡉࢆ⦡䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ᚰࡢࡄࡽࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸࠾ࡓࡔࡽ䣎ࡇࢀࡶⓙࡢᖹᏳ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆせồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ఱࡣࡉ࡚࠾ࡁ࠶࠸ࡘࡢ᭩㢮 ࡎ࠸࡚⚄ࡢྜᅗ࠾ኌࢆୗࡉ࠸㢪࠸ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎࠺ Ẽࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣍 䥹ᚋᬒࡢᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺ࢨࣇࣜ䤀ࢺ䣍⏝ពࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ ࡑࡋ࡚䣍ࣁࣈࢆ࡞ࡿ⚄ࡢ㤋࡛ẅࡋࡓගᩍࡢ࠸࠺┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ⚄⪷ࡉࢀࡿ䣎 ࡔ䣍ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࠶࠸ࡘࢆࢫ࣌ࣥ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡳྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ᪥ࡀኚࢃࢀࡤᚰࡶኚࢃࡿࡀ䣍⢭⚄ࡢᙉࡉࢆせồࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀぢࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ᝏࡋࡁᡭᮏࡶ䣍 ࡑࢀࢻࢶࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡഃࡢᅜࠎࡽᶒࢆ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࡢ࣏ࢣ䣹ࢺࡽᩘ㏻ࡢ᭩≧ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䥺ࣟ䤀࣐ ࡔࡀࡑࢀࡽࡣ㎿㏿䣎 ័ࢀࡣᙅ 䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡄ䥺 ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ⬚୰ၥࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ⤡ ⚄ࡢᰤ ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ䣍 ∗ୖ࠾࠸ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ᭩≧ࢆ┠ࡢ๓ᕪࡋฟࡑ࠺䣎 ࢀࡶ 62䣎ᙼࡀዎ⣙ࡢᷬ
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡉࡲࢆࡏ࡚ࡁࡓ㤿㌴ࡀࡲࡔ୰ᗞࡲ䣬࡚࠾ ࡑࢁࡑࢁ∗ୖࡢࡶ⾜䣬࡚ࡶࡼ࠸䣎࡞࠾ࡢࡇࡼ࠸䣎ࡉ࠶䣍࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼṇᛕሙࡔ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㌴ࢆ⏝ពࡋࢁ䣎 ࡇࢀࡽ∗ୖヰࢆࡍࡿࡀ䣍ࡦࡘ ࡑࡢ㛫䣍 63ࡢ๓㌟ࢆఅࡏࡓࡼ࠺䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡇࡇ࡛ࡦࡊࡲ
䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࠺࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡁ䣍 ࠶ࡢ㧗ൔࡶࡇࢇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡔࢁ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 240 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍࠺ࡀㆡṌࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀ䣍ጉᐖࡉࢀ䣍ࡣ୰᩿ࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢆᘓ࡚ࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ䣍 ㅮࡣᚲせ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡀࡓࡽฟࡉࢀࡓᣦ♧ࡦࡑ⾪✺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎୧ᙧⰍࡍࡿពᛮࡢ࠶ࡿ࣑࣎࣊࠾࠸࡚ࡍࡽ䣍 ࡋࡋ䣍ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣศࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣍㞃ᐦᐑᘐࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ୰࡛ඪὴࢆ⤖ᡂࡋ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ㅖ ┦ᡭࡀ⤯⁛ࡍࡿࡲ࡛Ṋຊࢆ࠾࠺ࡍࡀ䣍 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶㅮࡣㅮࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣍ࡋ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡍ࡚࡛ࡍ䣎ẊࡣỴ᩿ຊࡢ࠶ࡿࡓ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ ᶒຊࡀேࡢពᛮࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡲࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᙼࡽࡣࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢສチ≧ࡼ䣬࡚ṇᙜࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿྰࡔ䣎 Ẋࡣࢃࡓࡋ䣬࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍┿࡞ၥ㢟ࡍ࡚ࢃࡓ䣬࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࡦࡘ࠶ࡿ䣎࠸ࡀ 㝎ୗࡢᣦ♧ࡀ࠸ࡕ࠸ࡕ䣍 ສチ≧ࢆᛅᐇ㞃ࡋ❧࡚ࡏࡎᐇ⌧࡛ࡍࡽࡇ࠺ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡒ䣎ࡃ䣍ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡑࡢ⪅ࡶᆅୖࡢ⋓≀ࡼ䣬࡚㣴ศࢆᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡃດࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠸㎸ࡴࡢࡣᐇᐜ࡛᫆ࡋ࡚䣍 ㏆ぶࡢ ㈐௵ࡣㄡࡀ㈇࠺ࡢ࡛ࡢ⦾ᰤࡣồࡵ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ⦾ᰤ࡞ồࡵࡽࢀࡠࡒ䣎 ࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡓ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ䣍 ᪉ࡢᙇࡾྜ࠸ࡶࡣ⦆ࡳ䣍 ಙᚰ῝ࡉᕫᚰࡣᛮ࠺ࡅ㞳ࢀࡓỴ᩿ࡔ䣎 ⚄ࡀᨭ㓄⪅࡞ࡿࡓࡵ䣍 ࢃࡓ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚᗇࡢࡇ ኳ㧗ࡃ⯙࠺㮖ྠࡌ ࡑࡢ⪅ࡣᨭ㓄ࡍ 䢣
ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣍 ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣᨻࡢ㥑ࡅᘬࡁࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ㅮ࡞ࢀࢆ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ⤖ᒁ䣍 ᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࡶࡢࡣ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ᙅ࠸ ⚄ࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ㐩ᡂࡉࡏࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺⪅ࡀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀẊࡢ ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆࡢྑ⭎ࡔᛮ ᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ສチ≧ࡣ↓➼ࡋ࠸䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢヰࡁࡓࡽ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡶ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞
ࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁ 䢣 ㄽὴࢁ ࢇ ࡣᩍࡣ ࡔࡀ䣍
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ 䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚᮶ࡿ䥺ᛶࡀ࡞࠾ࡍ䣬ࡾࡇ࠸ࡘࡢࡽࡔࡣᰁࡳࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᇽࠎࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛⾜䣬ࡓࡾ᮶ࡓࡾࡍࡿ䥺䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢ୰ධࡿ䥺䥹㏆ౝ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡬࡽ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺䢣࡚ ࡔ࠾ࡦࡓࡢࡳࡔ䣎᮶࡚ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍᮶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ᮍ᮶ࡢᅜࡢᅜ⋤࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡧࡃࡧࡃ㟈࠼ࡓࡾࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᅜ⋤࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡢ࠾ࡑࡤ㏆ࡃ࠼ࡿᯡᶵཀࡢᆅࡘ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢࡶ↓┈࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡘ࠺࡞ࡽฟ⮬ᜠᑋࡼ䣬࡚ࡢࡳୖࡀࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ㝵ࡲ࡛᪼䣬ࡓࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡀ䣎ᙼࡽࡢᅜ⋤ࡑࢀࢆᏲࡿࡢࡀ⮬⏤ពᚿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡞ࢁ࠺䣎 ᩍࡢᶒຊࡼ䣬࡚䣍 ༝ࡋ࠸ฟࡢࢃࡓࡋࡀ⚄ࡢᦤ⌮࡛䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᅜ⋤ࡀࡓ ᩍࢆᘓ࡚ࡉࡏ࡚ࡸࢀ䣍 ࡩ 㑅ࡤࢀࡓ䣍࣑࣎࣊ࡢ䣍ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᑗ᮶ࡢ⋤䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡇࡇ࡛࠾ᚅࡕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿఏ࠼ࡼ䣎ᛴࡆ䣎䥹ྠࡌືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡀ௵ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ఱ⪅ࡶ㟈࠼࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࢃࡅ࡚ࡶ⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿ㈼᫂࡞⪅ࡣ䣎࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ䣎 ࡓࡔࡋ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡢຓゝࡀ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮ⤌ 59ࡣ௮ࡏ࡛ࡍ䣎 ఏ࠼ࡓ䣎 䥹⬥ᘬ࠸࡚䥺 ᡂࡾୖࡀࡾ⪅ࡢഫ៏ࡶΰࡌ࠼࡚䣍ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣࡤࢀࡓ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢᡬྥ䣬࡚⾜ࡁ䥺ࡑࡢࡣࡇࡢࢃࡓࡋ㟈࠼ࡇ࡞ࡿࡶ▱ࢀࢇ࡞䣎 ⪷᭩ⓗ࡞ព࡛ࡤࢀࡓ䣎 ⓒጣ᰿ ࡇࡇ࡛Ỵ᩿ࢆୗࡍࡢࡣࡓࡴࡋࢁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀ䣍ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࡑࡋ
60
䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣே㛫
䢣
ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 61䣎
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 241 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ኌࡀ㡪ࡁࢃࡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡲࡔࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡢ─䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀᏛ㛗ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ࠼ࡢᡭṧ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㔜ࡾࢆ⛗ࡢ୍᪉ࡢ─ࡤࡾࡏࡿ䣎 ⚄ࢆෑ℔ࡋ䣍ࣝࣇᖇࡣ୧㝕Ⴀࡢᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡘ⛗ࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡔ䣎ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡾ䣍࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ለⴠࡍࡿ─ࡢ࠺ࡔ䣎ᛰ࡞⣸ࡢᯖࡢୖ࡛╀ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡣ䣍 䣔ࡑ࠺ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣎࠸ࡸ䣍࡞࠾ᝏࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࢇᡭ⥘ࢆᘬࡅࡠ䣍⪅ྠኈࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ゝ࠼ࡿ䣍 ࡢᙺ⫋ࡶ␗➃⪅༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ ࡣණࡢ௦ࢃࡾ⋤ෙࢆࡪࡾ䣍ࢆΰྠࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢேࡀࡣ䣍 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ༙ศࡀ࠸ ఱᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ࠺࡛ࡶࡼࡃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎 ࢇᢚ࠼ࡁࢀࡠ⃭ࡋ࠸⾜ືࡢḧồࡀ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡔࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡁࡓࡽ䣍యࢆᨭ㓄࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇࡢᚚୡࢆ⏛ࡽࡏ࡚࠾ 䣓㝎ୗࡣ䣍⋤ෙࡀᕼᮃࡢᅜ࠶ࡿ㛫ࡣ䣍 ࡑࢀࡶᝏ࠸࠺ࡌࡼ࠺㋃ࡳ㏞࠸䣍ேࡢḧồࡀ ௦࠼࡚⋤➖ࢆᡭᥱࡑ࠺ࡍࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡿΰࡽࡢฟཱྀࡣぢฟࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࠾ࡲ ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ጞᮎࡔ䣎 ୍Ṍ୍ṌṌ࠸࡚ࡺࡅࡤ╔ᐇ┠ᶆ㏆࡙ࡃࡢ ே㛫ࡓࡿࡶࡢ⚄ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣྠពࡋࡓ
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᏛၥࡣ▱ᜨࢆồࡵࡲࡍࡀ䣍 ಙ௮ࡣಙ௮ᚰ⠜࠸ᑟᖌࢃࡓࡋࡔࡅࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡑࢀࡣ࠾⪃࠼㐪࠸࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡋ䣬ࡾィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚࡚ࡇࡑ䣍䢣
ࡑࢀᚑࡢḧồࡶ㙠ࡲ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍 ࡣࡸ䣍 ᳃ࡢ୰ࢆྠ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢ┠ᶆࡇࡑࡀለⴠࡔゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ࡔࡀ㊥㞳ࢆసࡿࡢࡣ䣍 ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㏆࠸ ㄪࡍࡿ
䢣 ࡔࡀ㛗࠸㛫ᚅᮃࡋࡓ┠ᶆ฿㐩ࡋ䣍
58ࡣཌࡲࡋ࠸ᩍྰᐃㄽ⪅ࡢ 䢣
䢣
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᖇෙྥ࠺ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡢ⾜ࡃᡭࢆ㐽ࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᚰ࡞ࡁᩗ࡞Ẋୗࡣ䣍ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⨶㔪┙࡛ࡍ䣎ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡑࢀࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠸䣬ࡓࢇ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡀΰࡋ࡚ᙅయࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ࡢ䣎 ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡣ䣍 ࢫ࣌ࣥࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢຓ⾑ࢆ䣬࡚࢜ࣛࣥࢲࢆྲྀࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾ ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶ䣍 ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡀఱࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾ศࡣ䣍ࢫ࣌ࣥࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚᩗ࡞ࡿࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ᕹࢆᙇࡾ䣍ࡉ࠼䣍ࡶ䣍 ṇ☜࡞㔪ࡼ䣬࡚ࡣࡿ࡞ࡿᴟᫍࡢ᪉ゅࢆ♧ࡋ ⤖᮰ࡢ⏑ࡉᛌࢆឤࡌ࡚᧔㏥ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡣಶูࡢࡶࡢ࡞࡞ࡃ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀྜពࡋ䣍 ࢜䤀ࣝࢆ࠺ࡇࡔࡅࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀ௵ࡉ ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࣂ࢚ࣝࣥ䣎ࡢᐆࡤࡾ⌧ୡࡢ㈈ᐆࡀ࠺ࡎࡓࡃ✚ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠶ࡿሗ㓘ࡔᛮ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㛫ࡣ࡞䣎ࡿࡒ䣍 ྠᵝࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢᖹࡽ࡞㐨ྜពࡋࡓㅖໃຊ࡛ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ᐇ䣍᧦ㆤࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ䣍▱䣬࡚࠸ ᩍࡢ㈈ᐆᆅኌᮃࡀ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡀ୍ᮏࡢ㙐ࡪࡽୗࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡤࡶࡣࡸἨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡇࡢୡࡢὶࢀ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡑࡢே⮬㌟ࡢ࡞ࡢ 㑧 ࠶ࡿࡢチୖ䣬࡚ࡺ࡞࠸▱ᜨ࡞࿚ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀṧࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࡔࡀ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼䣬࡚ࡲࡔດຊࡍࡿ್ᡴࡕࡢ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢⶶࡣ䣍 ࡑ࠺ ಙ௮ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺࠾ヰ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎ഛ࠼ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎௦ࡀ࢞ࣛ䣹ኚࢃࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣎 ㄡࡋࡶࡲࡎ➨୍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆࡎࡿࡶἨࡣୖࡽὶࢀ࡚᮶ࡿࡶࡢ䣍 ㏫ὶࡣࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎 Ἠࡶගᙜࡓࢀ ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥࡣ⚄ࢆ⏽ᛧࡍࡿ࠾ᚰࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 ᩍ⚾ேࡋ࡚࡞ࡽࡑࢀ࡛Ᏻᚰࡍࡿࡀࡼࢁ࠺䣎㐃୰ࡢᩍㄝࢆ᧦ㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵ௵ࡉࢀࡓ㧗⪷⫋⪅࠸࡞ࡿ▱ᜨ࡛࠶ࢀ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍 ᅜᐙ ⏕ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡍ࡚ࡢ၏୍ࡢ᰿※࡛
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 242
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝࣥࣉ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ
䥹ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺ᩗࡋ࡚䣍ᰂ࡞ࡿẊࡼ䣎ࢀࡼ࠺䣎᭱ᝏࡢࡇࢆࡇ࠺ࡴࡽࢀࡓ䣎࠾㐠ࡧࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ᬑẁࡼࡾᝏ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࡣ⪃࠼ࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎Ṇࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎་⪅ࢆ䣎࠾ຓࡅࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣍㏿ࡃ䣎㝎ୗࢆ࠶ࡕࡽࡢ㒊ᒇࡢ࣋䣹ࢻ࡛ࡃࢀࡿ䣎࡛ࡺࡃࡇཝࡋ࠸つᚊࡢୡ⏺ࡽࢃࡓࡋࡣࡸ䣬࡚᮶࡚䣍 ⓚᖇࡣஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣍ࡾࡀぢ࠼ࡿ࡞䣎ࡽᾋࡧୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺ゝ࠺♽ඛࡀ࠾ࢃࡍᅜࡢࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿ࡞⏥ᯈ㥑ࡅୖࡀࡾ䣍୧⭎ࢆᗈࡆ࡚ྉࢇࡔ䣎♽ᅜࡼ䣍࠸ࡋ࠸♽ᅜࡼ䣎 ⩼ࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࡓࡋࢆໟࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࢀ࡚䣍 ࢻࢶࡢᾏ㎶ࡀ࠾ࡰࢁࡆỈᖹ⥺ୖᾋࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ࿌ࡆࡽࢀࡓ䣍ࡶၿ㌿ࡌࡿࡼ࠺䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ⚃⚟ࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ࠾ࡽࡔࡀᅇࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍྾࠺ࡓࡧ྾࠸ᡠࡋ䣍 ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡓࡽࡋ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ⏫ࡼ䣍┠ࡢୗ⏫ࡀ䣎㐨ࡔ䣍ᗈሙࡔ䣍ே࡛⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ྥ䣬࡚ᛴ࠸ ࡍ࡚ࡢே௦ࢃ䣬୍࡚㌟③ࡳࢆᢸ䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ࡞ࡋࡓᝏ ࢃࡀᚰࡣ㟷௦㏞࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ⫱䣬ࡓࢫ࣌ࣥࢆ㞳 ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭࠸ࡲࡍ䣎་⪅ࢆ࠾ࡧࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ⬦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䢣 ࡑ䣬ゐ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ୗࡉ࠸䣎 ࡼࡃࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨసぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ⬦ࡀ 䥹ⓚᖇࡢチᛴ࠸࡛ࡺࡁ䣍᳔Ꮚࡢഐࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䥺Ẽ㧗ࡃ䣍 䥹㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺䢣 ࡶࡣࡸࢻࢶࡢᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍 ࡇࢀ௨ୖᝏ࠸ࡇࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍 㝎ୗࡣ ኳୖࡢᅜࡔ䣎࿚䣬ࡓ䣎ึࡵࡣᛣࡾࢆࡇࡵ࡚࿚ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣎 ࡛ࡣࡸࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎 ㍍⋡㣕ࡧฟࡋࡓゝⴥࢆ୍ᜥ
ࢃࡓࡋࡣᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎
䢣 䢣 ࡇࡇࡣᬯ࠸ࡢ䣎
䥹ỿࡴࡼ࠺ᗙࡾ㎸ࡴ䥺䢣
䢣 ᅜࡀỌ㐲࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ⦕ ࢫ࣌ࣥࡽ䣍 ࡲ 䢣 䢣 ࡑࡇⅉ ᮃࢇ 䢣
ࡾ
‒ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ❧䣬࡚ᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᒃᇛࡢᗈ㛫䣎 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 ࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ☜࡞║ຊࡼ䣬࡚ࡢࡳ䣍㢠ࡲ࡛㉥ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎࡞࠸䣎ࡲ࠼ྠㄪࡋ䣍ࢆࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡶࡣࡸࡇࢀ௨ୖᡃ៏ࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ࠾ࡆ࡛࡞࠾ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋ䣭䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕࡶ䣍ゝ࠺ࡇࢆ⪺ࡃࡢࡶ᭹ᚑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎 ṇࡋ࠸ၿ࡞ࡿே࡛࠶ࡿⓚᖇ㏫ࡽ࠺ࡇ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡘࡲࡾ䣍࡞࠸䣎࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡽྰᐃࡋ࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ࡑࡇ㞃ࢀ࡚䣍ୗࡀ㞃ࡋᡬᢞࡆࡅ࡚࠸ࡓẼࡶࡑࡒࢁ࡞ど⥺ࡽ᥎ࡋ㔞ࡿ䣍 ᖇᅜࡣ㤳㛗ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ௦ࡀ㏞㊰ࡢࡼ࠺㋃ࡳ㏞䣬࡚࠸ࡤ⾜ࡁࡲࡍࡋ䣍ṧࡿࡇࡀᚲせࡔ࠾⪃࠼ྊࡉࢀࢀࡤṧࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡢヰࢆ❧ࡕ⪺ࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ᡣᐊ࡛ࡶᵓࢃࢇࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ❧࠸ࡢࡶ࡛࡞ࡽ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡓࡵ䣍ࡽࡤ䣍ẖ᪥䣍ẖ䣍ᅜ⋤㝎ୗ࠾࠸࡞ࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࡎࡋࡉ࡛ ࡋ䣬ࡾྜࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ ఱ⪅ࡀ ➨ ᖥ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡋࡓࡍࢀࡤ䣍㝎ୗࡣྩ࡛䣍 ௧ࡼ䣬࡚ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡣ࠸ࡘ࠸࡞ࡿࡶᡬࡣ㛤ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᚑࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ேࡢ ⾜ࡅࡌࡽࢀࢀ ࠾ᮃࡳ࠶ ࡔࡀ䣍 ࡼࡑ⪅ࡀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ࡘ࠸ඛࡔ䣬࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㝎ୗࡩࡓࡾࡁࡾ࡛䣬ࡓࡀ䣍 ࢃࡀ୍㛛ࡢ⤖᮰ࢆࡍࡇ࡞ࡿᐑ୰ேࡀ⁄ࢀࡿ㉃༤ࡸ⯙㋃ࡢࡣ࡞䣎∗ୖᣏㅜࡍࡿࡇ䣍 㝎 ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ࠾チࡋࡀฟࡓ䣎 ᐁ ヰࡋ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 243 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡣ䣍ᖹࡼ䣍ᖹࡼ䣍ḷ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡲ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ䣎ࡋࡓ䣎㛫࡞䣬࡚ே㛫ࡢチࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ䣍 ᙼࡽࡣ࠾ࡢࡀཿᬛ࠸࠺៏ᚰࢆᨺࡾฟࡋ䣍ࡋࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍 ࡑࡇࡣ⨺㣫࠸ࡶࡍ࡛᮶࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡓࡿኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ䣎ࡕࢆぢୖࡆ䣍 㟼ᐢࡀ᮶ࢀࡤ࡞࠾䣍 ⚄ࡣ≀⢭㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ▱ࡽࡋࡵ䣍᫇ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡀึࡵ࡚ே⏕ࡢᖌࢆ▱䣬ࡓሙᡤ㏨ࡆ࡚⾜䣬ࡓ䣎ࡾࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢᜏ࡞ࡿᅇᖐࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡢែ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡇࢀࡀ⚄ࡔ䣍ឤ⏑࠸ᡓុࡀ㨦ᾐࡳࢃࡓ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎 ᳃⨶㇟ࡢኌࡶవ㡩ࢆᘬࡃ䣎 ࡦࡘࡢᫍ䣍ࡣᆅᖹ⥺ᬯ㜌ࡑࡢඃࡋ࠸㟼ࡅࡉࢆᘬࡁୖࡆ⤥࠺䣎ኪศࡅࡽࢀࡓ䣎 ࡢ༳⚄ࡢᨭ㓄ࡍࡿἲ๎ࡣỌ㐲ࡔ䣎 ࡣࡿᙼ᪉ࡽኳࡣ㏞࠼ࡿ⪅ࡶᩍ࠼ࢆᆶࢀࡿࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ䣍 ࡢ㈼ேࡓࡕࢆ㐵ࢃ ே㛫ࡢ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞䣍ᵝᙉࡃ࠶ࢀ䣎 ࡢேࠎࡢಙᛕࡶᩗពࢆᡶ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࡾࢃࡅ⚄ࡢࡓࡵᡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⮬㈇ࡍࡿࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎 ᳃⨶㇟ࡢኌࢆᅽಽ ᙼࡽࡢ⬚ࡢ࠺ࡕ㡪ࡁࢃ ║ࡣ⤯࠼ࡊࡿගࡣ⪏࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ⚄⮬ࡽࡀே࡞ጼ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣍ࡣ⏽ࢀᩗࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡿࡁࡶࡢࡔ▱ࢀ䣎ࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡔࡀཝࡋࡃࡣࡍࡿ࡞䣎 ࡑࢀࡽࡢࡓࡵᑾຊࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣍 ࡔࡀኪࡤࡾ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍 ୣࡽᫍࡓ ࡢග࡛▱䣬ࡓࡇࡤ ࡓࡔࡋ䣍 እࡢୡ⏺ྠᵝ䣍 ࡍࡿឤぬࡀ┠ぬࡵ䣍 ⋢ᗙᗙࡿ⪅ࡣ⤫ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼䣬࡚᭱㧗ࡢࡶࡢࡣ ࡑࢀࡣ⚄⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣎 ࢇၿⰋ࠸࠺௨ୖ䣎 ᭱ᝏ ⚄ࡣே㛫ࡢᚰࡶ ࡑࡇ࡛⚄ ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ࡶྠ ⚄ 䣓ಙᛕ䣔 ◚ࢀ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ ࡸࡘࡢ㠃ಽࡶぢ࡚ ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡣᬯ㜌ࡢே㛫ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍 ᬯ㜌ࡢத࠸ࡈ᎘Ẽࡀࡉࡋ࡚䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡀᙉ࠸ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣍ᐇࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎
࡞ࡽࡤ㐲࠸௦ࡽ㡪࠸࡚ࡃࡿίኪࡢవ㡩ࡔ䣎㝎ୗ䣍ఱࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࡢ
䢣
ఱ㡢ᴦ࡛ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ䣎
57ᚑ䣬࡚㤿ᑠᒇ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝࣥࣉ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࡢࡇゐࢀ࡚ඖẼ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎ఱ࠸࠺ẼᣢࡕⰋࡉ䣍ఱⰋ࠸ࡇࡔ䣎࠺Ẽࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎྾࠸ྲྀ䣬ࡓ᭱Ⰻࡢຊࢆࡦࡅࡽࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ྾࠺ࡔࡅ྾࠸ᑾࡃࡋ࡚䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕࡀࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺䣬࡚⾜䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎✵Ẽࡀ྾࠸ࡓ࠸䣎ࡍࡿ䥺 ࡼ࠸䣍 ࡔࡀࡑࢀࡣᚰࡢࡳ࡛䣍ࡀⰋࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎✵Ẽࢆ྾ࢃࡏࢁ䣎❆㎶⾜ࡁࡓ࠸䣎 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ୡࡢ୰ࡣ㠃ಽࢆぢ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓࡇሗṚ⤯࠼ࡿ䣎⤎ࡀࡅࡓࡽ䣍ⓙࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡞ࡿ䣎 䥹ᗙࡿ䥺❆ࢆ㛤ࡅ䣎 ㊊⭜ࡣࡄࡽࡘࡃ࡞䣎䥹୧බ䣍ཤࡿ䥺 䥹❆㎶ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣘ䤀㝎ୗࡢ࠾ࡑࡤ࡛࠾ㆤࡾࡋࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ᳔Ꮚࢆ❆ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋᣢࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡶ䣍ⓙࡶᖹࢆ䣎⇞࠼ࡉࡿ⟨ᫍࡼ䣎௦ࢆಙࡌ䣍ಙ௮ࡢ࠺ࡕṚࡠ䣎 㟭㟝ࡤࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎
ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ࠾⪃࠼ୗࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎Ẋ䣍࠾㐃ࢀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࠸ࡘࡶ㝎ୗࡣእẼᙜࡓࡽࡠࡼ࠾ࡩࡓࡓࡣ࠾Ⓨࡕ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠶࠶䣍ࡇࡢᩗ࡞ࡓࢆ୧Ẋୗࡉࡲ࠾௵ࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ዶࡀጞࡲ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎䢣 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶࡣࡸⓚᖇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡦࡾࡢே㛫࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ఱࢆ⏦ࡍ䣎ⱝ࠸ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ䣎Ⓨ䣬ࡓࡔ䣎 ᙜࡓࡾ๓୍⮴ࡔ䣍 ࡞ࡽࡤ࡞࠾ࡢࡇࡼ࠸䣎 ⤖᮰ࡏࡼ䣎 ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ㏕䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀࢁ࠺ ࡑࢀࡔࡅẼࡀᴦ࡛䣍 Ẽศ ᖺᐤࡾࡢୡ௦ࡣ 䣎
ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ㉢࠺ࡁ⨥ࢆΎ⟬ࡋࡓࡽ䣍 ⾨රࡢࡼ࠺ 䢣 ఱ࠸࠺ጁ࡞ࡿ㡢Ⰽࡔ䣎ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣬䣍⥆ 䢣 ࡛ᫍࡣ࡞࠸䣍⚄ࡢࡳࡔ䣎
䢣 ࡸᖹࡶ࠾ࡲ࠼
ࡋࡰ ࢇࡔぢࡿࡸ䣍 䢣
ఱ⪅ࡔ䣍 ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 244
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡢྡࢆゝࢃ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ᕫᚰ㏞ࢃࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎ࡓ䣎㥑ࡅ㎸ࢇ࡛⾜䣬ࡓ䣎 ㈐ࡵࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡢࡇࡀ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ࡽ࠺ࡇࢆ၏୍ࡢᩆ࠸ぢࡓ䣎 ࡑࡢ⪅ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣࡘ࡚㍍ࡋ䣍ࡀ䣍࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣయࡢࡇࢆẼ㐵䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍ࡇࡢ௦ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡀⓙ䣍ࡶࡢ䣍࠸ࡿ㟝ࡢ୰ࡽ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㈐ࡵࡿࡢࡣࡓࡔࡦࡾ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣከࡃࡢኻᩋࢆࡋࡓ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶ㥑ࡅ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍 ᐇࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡾΰࡐྜࢃࡏࡽࢀࡿ䣎 ᫂᪥ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࡓࡵ㐨ල࡞䣬࡚ຓࡅࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ᭤ࡀ䣬ࡓᕫᚰ࠸࠺⇕ࡀࡓ䣬 ṍࢇࡔᙧࡢࡶࡢࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎 ࡔࡀே㛫ࡣ็㑣ࡢࡳ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㧗㈗࡞⪅ࡢ⣧┿࡞ດຊࡣ䣍 ྠࡌᜍᛧືᦂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠸䣍 ࡉࡽࢇࡔࡀ䣍 ࠸࠺᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡢ࠶ࡿ῝࠸㇂ୗࡾ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡽ࠸࠺ᛮ䣬࡚ࢆ࡞ࡋࡓࡀ䣍ែࡣᝏ࠸࠺⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡘࡲࡾࡇ࠺ࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࢆࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡼࡾཝࡋࡃࡅ࠸࠺ࡢ䣎 ㏕ࡾ᮶ࡿᮍ᮶ࢆᛮ࠺㈐ࡵⱔࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ⓙ䣍䥹୧බ䣍❧ࡕୖࡀࡿ䥺 ⤖ᯝ䣍ࡿࡢࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃࡢࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎 ㄆࡵࡿ䣎 ࡣࡑ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎 Ṍ࠸࡚ࡣ⾜䣬 ࢆᡂࡋ⤊࠼ࡿ䣍᭤ࡀ䣬ࡓ Ẽ㐪࠸ࡌࡳࡓ ୡࡢ୰ࢆ㈼᫂࡞ࡶࡢࡔᛮ䣬ࡘࡽ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ⮬ࡽࡦࡾ࡛ࢆ࡞ࡋ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍 ேࡣṚࡡࡤᆅᶓࡓࢃࡿ䣎 ㈼᫂ࡓࡵ ࡁ䣯࠺䥹୧බ䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䥺 㧗㈗࡞⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡛࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ែࡀࡇ࠺࡞䣬ࡓࡽࡣᘚゎࡣ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᒣࡢ㡬䣬࡚ ࡔࡀ⏨ࡓࡿ⪅ࡶබࡶ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣⰋࢀ ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢ ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸
ࡑࢀࡼࡾἽࡁࡓ࠸Ẽᣢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࡢ㔜࠸ࡽࡔ࡛ࡣࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃࡢࡶ ❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎❧䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࢃࡀ㧗㈗࡞ᐙࡢ⪅ࡣ⚄௨እࡢఱ⪅ࡶࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸
䢣 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࡣཱྀࢆࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࠸࠺ࡇࡶศࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ䣎㌴ࡀ㞜ᮌࡐࢇࡲ࠸ࡀᛴࡁࡓ࡚ࡿィࡣ䣍ࡓࡇࡀΰࡊ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀ䣍ហࡉࡢᏊࡶࡓࡿே㛫ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍ࡺࡃ⌧ᐇㄪࡉࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡽࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ⌧ᐇࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸䣎ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣᵝࠎ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᘝࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡽ䣎ࡀࡼ࠸䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᆅᇛಟ㐨㝔ࡢൔᡣ࡞䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎 ᶵᲔࡀ୍Ẽᅇ㌿ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺䣍ࡌࡿ䣎 㠀㞴ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡓࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡛䣍࠸ࡓࡼ࠺䣍 ࠸࠺ࡢࡶᛀᜠࡣ䣍ᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔࡀ䣍ୡࡀࡘ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆぢᤞ࡚࡚㏥ࡋࡓ䣍 ࡑࡢ࡞䣬࡚ศࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ䣎࡚య࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡶṚࢆᚅࡘࡇࡋࡼ࠺䣎ᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡑࡇࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㤿㮵ࡆᘵࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࢆࡵ䣍࣑࣎࣊ࢆࡶᑗ᮶࡛࡞ࡃࡶ䣍 ᥀ࡾேኵࡢ㗟ࡼࡾ῝ࡃ᥀ࡿࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣎 ே㛫ࡢࡁࡲࡾ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍⋤ᅜࢆᚲせࡍࡿୡ⏺ࡢࡓࡵᅜࡣᏑ⥆ࡉࡏࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺䣎 ᙼࡀࢫ࣌ࣥࡢ⪷ࣘࢫࢺ䣶ࢫಟ㐨㝔࡛Ṛࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚ ⊂ࡾࡼࡀࡾ࡞ࡒࡲࡸࡋࡔឤࡌ ୰ᚰࡢṑ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡣࡲ࠶䣍 ࡑࡢ⾜ືࢆ䣍࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ศࡉࢀࡿࡇ⪏࠼࡞࠸ࡽ࡞䣎ୖ䣎 ࡼࡋ䣍ࡇࡢࡦ࠸ᘵத࠸ࡣ⤊ᜥྥ࠸䣍࡞ⱥ㞝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⯙ྎࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 㐃㙐ࡋ࡚ 㛗ࡃࡣࡽ࡞࠸䣍 ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎࠸ࡓ䣎 ࡶ䣬ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠺ࡣୡ⏺ぢࡣᝒࢆ⥅ᢎࡍࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡽࢀࡳࢆぬ࠼ࡿ䣎 ᨭ㓄⪅࡞ࡿ ࡸࡘࡀୡࡢ୰ࡢࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࡍࢀࡤ䣍 ࡍ࡚ࡢ㒊ศࡀࡲࡲ䣬ࡇࡢ ࡑ࠺ឤ ∗ࡢ࢝䤀ࣝ ἲⓗᶒࡢ࠶ࡿୖṇᙜᛶࡀ ୡࡢ୰ࡣ࠾ࡢࢀࡢ↓ෆᐜ ࠶ࡢ⏨ࡣᰤᚰ⁒ࢀ࡚
ࡀ
ࢇ ࡂ ୍య࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡽ䣍 㐜ࠎࡋࡓືࡁࡢ࠺ࡕࢆ♧ࡍࡢࡔ䣍 䥹᳔Ꮚࡽ❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺 ࡲࡉࡑࡢࡇ࡛ࡲ࠸䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣍 ࡑࡢࡇࡣゝ࠺࡞䣎 ࣑࣎࣊⋤ࡣ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣㅉࡵ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 245
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ⮬ศࡢᮏᛶᚑ䣬࡚⾜ືࡋࡓࡲ࡛ࡔ䣎࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎௵ࡏࡼ䣎࡚ࡶ䣎ࡺ࠼䣍ࢃࡀᚰࡢ③ࡳࡼ䣍ᾘ࠼࡚࡞ࡃ࡞ࢀ䣎ởࡉࢀࡓጾཝࢆᛣࡿᖇࡀࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᘵࢆឡࡉ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣍ࡵࡢᥐ⨨࡛䣍↓⏝ࡢ⪅ࡀධࡿࡢࢆ㜵ࡈ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡢࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣⓚᖇࡔ䣎䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᐇ㦂ᐊࡢධࡾཱྀࡀ㛢㙐ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄆࡵ࡚䣍᮫࡛ᣦࡋ♧ࡍ䥺ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ㄡࡢᴗ䣎 䥹❆㎶ᐤ䣬࡚䥺ࡔࡀࡇࡢ⏫ࡁࡓ ⮬ศࡀேࡔឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍䥹ⓚᖇ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺࠺࡞ࡎࡃ䥺 ⮬ᝮࢀᒇ࡛䣍ୗࡢ࠾ጼࢆ▱ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᘵࡀࢃࡓࡋࡢ⋤ෙࢆ⬣ࡋࡓࡢ䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣝࣥࣉᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡿ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ࡑࡢ๓ࢆ⾜ࡃ䥺䥹ࡩࡓࡾ䣍ୗᡭࡢᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ᪉ࡢ࡞࠸ࡸࡘࡔࡀ䣍㡢ࡀ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡈ⮬㌟ࡔࢁ࠺䣎እ㛛ࢆぢ⾜ࡇ࠺䣎ࡲ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡣࡳ࡞䣍 ᅃࢃࢀࡢ㌟࡛࠶䣬ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃࡢࡔ䣎⏿ࢆ㉺࠼࡚䣍ᗘ㤿ຊ࡛ໃ࠸ࡀࡘ࠸࡚⯙࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍ࢆᘬ࠸࡚䣍ࢆᡂᑵࡏࢇࡀࡓࡵ䣍 ㈗බࡶᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㤿㖱 ࡶ࠺༑ศࡔᛮ࠺䣎 㤿ᢿ㌴ࢆࡅࡿ䣎 ࡔࡀ⋇ࡢ࠺ࡣ䣍 ࠾ࡸ䣍 ࡉࡽ㔝ࢆ㉺࠼䣍 ┠ᶆ฿㐩ࡍࢀࡤ䣍 ㊊ ᛶ㉁ࡀẼ㧗࠸࠺࠼ຍ㏿ ⸭ࢆ㉺࠼䣍 㥽ᡭࡣᡭ⥘
䥹ᘬ䣬ࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚䥺 ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡣ㝎ୗࡢᏳࡢࡓ ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍 ┠ⓗࡸࡽண ࡞ゝ䣬࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ᪉ࡀ࡞࠸䣎 ࡇࢀ
ධࡿࡇࡔ䣎 ฟ࡚ࡺࡃࡇࡔゝ࠼䣎ఱேࡶ❧ࡕධࡿࡇࢆチࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺௧ᚑ䣬㝎ୗ䣍 ␒රࡢ↓ศูࢆ࠾チࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࡑࢀࡶࢃࡓࡋࡀࡔ䣍ࡲࡔඖᡠࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡢヰࡔࡀ䣎 ⓚ ┘どᅇࡉࢀࡓ⏨ࡣ㝎
ࡣ
ࡳ ࡀ᪸ࡪࡾࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡲ࡛✺䣬㉮ࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀࡽඖ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ
ࡶࡢࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡶ㸽⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡋࡋጁ࡞᮶ࡓ࡞䣎 ࡋ࡚䣍䥹࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥ䣍ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ୧බ䣍ᡞཱྀ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺ヰࡋኌࡀࡍࡿࡀ䣍ㄡ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᩛࡋ࡚ษࡾ⪅ࡔ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ⏝ࡣὙ♩ࡢ㣗䣍 ࡢ㐠࡞ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡽࡢ㧥ࢆࢀࡉࡏ࡚䣍ࡳ䣍࠸࡚ࡽ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕลࢆྥࡅ䣍ࡁࡓ࠾ࡲ࠼ᑐࡍࡿࡇࡢᡓࡢⅆ✀ࡣ䣍ᐤࡏ࡚⭉ᩋṧࡢ※࡞ࡿ䣎 䥹⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ࡚ࡽ䥺ୡ㛫࡛ ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋጞࡵࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎䣎 ∗ぶࡢ㎯ࢆ㎯࡛㉢ࢃࡏࡿࡢࡔࡈࡃ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡋࡋࡇ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎 ࡑࢀࡶⴿᘧ䣎࡚࠸ࡿࡶ䣍ࡢᆅࡇࡢ࠸ࢃࡋ࠸⏫ࢆᚋ⏕Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎䣍䤀ࣥࡉ࠼ࡶ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡉ࠼ࡶ㟼ᒃᚰᆅࡼࡃఫࡳ╔࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣎 ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣ䣍 ࡔࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡢኊ㯇ࡉࢇ࡛䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ㈗᪘ࡓࡕࡢ㤳ࢆอࡡ䣍࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡶࡃࢀ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ㡿ᅵ࡛ࡑࡢⅆ✀ࡣᡓ࠸ࢆᣮࡓࡋࡢసရ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡑࢀྠࡌࡼ࠺䣍㇏㣭ࡾࡘࡅࡓࡶࡢ䣍 ᝏᛶࡢ⒗ࡣࡽࡔࡌ䣮࠺ࡢᝏ࠸యᾮࢆᘬࡁ ࠾ࡲ࠼⏫ࡌ䣮࠺ࢆෆࡉࡏ࡚࠾ ᭀຊẅᡘࡢ◁₍ࡢ୰࠶䣬࡚ᰤ࠼ࡿ࢜ࢩࢫࡢ ࡇࡢഇၿⓗ࡞㟼ࡅࡉࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣᚰᆅࡼ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡽ䣎࠺ࡔ䣍㉕ࢆจࡽࡋ䣍ᩘከࡢሪẼရ࠶ࡿᘓ≀㣭ࡽࢀ䣍⚄ࡀࡍ࡛ ࢃࡀ⋢ᗙࡣࡇࡇ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 㛗ࡽࡃയࡘࡅࡽࢀࡎ ᖇᅜࡢᦂ⡛ᮇࡽ∗♽௦ࠎࡢᒃఫᆅࡔ䣬ࡓ࢘䣵 எዪ ேࡢᡭࡲ࡛ຍ࠼࡚ࡵࡋࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ลࢆྥࡅࡿࡢ ୡ⏺୰ࡀ࿘ࡾ࡛ᡓࢆࡋ ࣉࣛࣁࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ⏕Ẽₚࡿ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ୰ ࡇࢀࡣࢃ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᮫ࡣࡇ⾜䣬ࡓ䣎 ⭸ࡢຊࡀᢤࡅࡓ䣎 ㄡࡶ୰ධࢀࡿ࡞䣎 እ࡛ බẊୗࡢ࠾ࡩࡓࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ఱ᭷㞴࠸ࡇ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍 ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍 ࡼࡃ᮶࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎
⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ๓䣍 ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚ඛࡢ㐣ࡕࡢ࠾ルࡧࢆࡉࡏ ࡶ䣬ࡶ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇ䣎䢣 ྂࡁࡶࡢࡣཤࡾ䣍 ᪂ࡋࡁ ࿚䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎
䢣 ၿ⾜ᝏ࡛ሗ࠸ࡿ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ䣎
56䣎 ࡑࢀࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 246
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ⓚᖇ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ᚑ 㐣ࡂࡓࡇࡔ䣎ྠᵝ䣍ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࢃࡅࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ᩿ᅛࡓࡿែᗘ࡛ᅜᐙࡢṇࢆࡶྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡽࡢ࠺䣎ࡣ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔ䣎ࡘୗᡭ㏥ሙ䥺䣬ࡓ㟈࠼ࡿኌ࡛䥺ྩࡼ䣬࡚䣎 ᡬࢆ⇿◚ࡋࢁ䣎ࢀࡓ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࡸࡘࡢⓚᖇࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࡸࡘࡢࡋࢆཷࡅ࡚䣎ุỴἲࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎࡞ࡃ䣍࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ே㛫ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢୡࢆཤࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉࢀࡓࡇ䣍㌟䣍࠶ࡢࡓ㏆ࡋ࠸ࡓࡀࡓⓙ䣬࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡢ࡞ ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ࣝࣥࣉᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡼࢁࡵࡁࡘࣜ࢘ࢫ䣍 ࠶ࡢࡓࢆ㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡓࡶࡢࢆุᐁࡢ๓࡛⮬ࡽ㔘᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡇࢀࡣࡼࡃ࠾⪃࠼ୗࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎 ࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᣦ࡛ᣦᅗࡍࡿ䥺 ഐࡽࡘ࠸࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺 ࡲࡲࡼ䣍࠾ࡋࡲ࠸࡛ࡍ䣎 ⏕ࡁ≀ࢆᘬࡁ࠸࡚㈎ࡾ㣗࠺⋇ࡋ࡚࡛ฟࡉࢀࡓ་⪅ࡶධ䣬࡚ࡺࡅࡲࡏࢇ䣎 Ύࡵࡽࢀࡣࡏࡎࡶ䣍ᘬࡁࡴࡋࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠶ࡢࡓࡢྡኌࡸ್ᡴࡕࡶ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ྉࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡋࡲࢃࢀࡓ࡚䣍⭎ࡢ⾑⟶ࡀษ㛤ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇࡀ㘽ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛䣍ࣘ䤀 ࡇࡢ୍▐࠶ࡢࡓࡢࡀ䣬࡚࠸ ࡏࡵ࡚㉧ ⾑ࡣࡃࡃฟࡲࡍࡀ䣍 㘽ࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡃࡔࡉࡽࡡࡤ䣍 ࠶ࡢࡓ⮬ ࡇࢁࡀࡋࡀࡓ䣍 ᡬࡀ㛢ࡲ䣬࡚࠸࡚ࡣࡧ ✺↛䣍 ࠶ࡢࡓࡣ ໟᖏࢆ⭎ࡽ 䥹ᡞࡢ㝵ẁ❧ࡕ䣍㘽ࢆᢞࡆ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡽ䣍ᙉ࠸ㄪᏊ࡛䥺࠶ࡢ⏨ࡣ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㕲᱁Ꮚࡂࢃ࡛Ⲩࢀ࡚䣍ุᐁࡔ䣍ุࡋࢁ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࡞࠸ࡓ 䥹ᡞࡢ㝵ẁࢆୖࡾ䣍ぢ࠾ࢁࡋ࡚䥺ࡔࡵࡔ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䥹㘽ࢆ࣋ࣝࢺࡽᘬࡁᢤ࠸࡚䥺ࡉ࠶䣍ᛴࡄࡢࡔ䣎
䢣 ࠾࠾䣍 㝎ୗࡀࡈᐙ୰ࡢṇࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࢀࡿࡢ 䢣 ࡔࡀ䣍 ุᐁࢆฟࡋᢤ࠸ุ࡚Ỵᖸ΅
䢣 䥹ᾦࡃࡄࡶ
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ⫋ேࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ䣍Ⓩሙ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁ㠉ࡢ๓ࡅࢆࡘࡅࡓ⫋ே䣎࢝䤀ࢸࣥⶸࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎➨୕ᖥෑ㢌ྠࡌᇛෆࡢ㒊ᒇ䣎ሙ㠃㌿ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ቨ㱥≧ࡢ❑ࡳࡀୖᡭᚋᬒ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍⯙ྎࡢ⫼ᚋ࡛ ୗࢁࡋࡓ 㤿ࡲࡓࡀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍࠸ࡓࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣎࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡔ䣎࠸࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ࡢែࢆᜍࢀࡿ㥽ᡭ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡾࢃࡅ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍䥹⫋ே䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ษࡾ⪅ࡦࡑ㐃ࢀཤࡽࢀ࡚䣍࡛ࡍ䣎ࡶ࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢃࡀᅜ⋤ࡀ䣍 㥽ᡭࡣࡏࡏ ࡈ⮬ศ࡛ࡣᝏࢆ࡞ࡉࡿ࠾ࡘࡶࡾࡣ࡞ ኵ࡞ཌᯈ࡛ሰ࠸ࡔࡢ࡛䣍 ᩛࡢᡓࡢᥭࡆ⏝ࡉࢀሙ䥺ࡁࡡࡤ䣍ᒆࡁ࡞┿ఝࡢൾ࠸ࡣṚࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⾑ࡣ᭱ᚋࡢ୍ࡲ࡛㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓᡭࢆࡅࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡢ䣎 ᅛ࠸ቨࡢࡼ࠺㡹 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡢ㯮࠸࠺ࡕࡣ䣍 䥹ᡭࢆ࠶࡚ࡀ䣬࡚䣍ୗᡭ㏥ ᡭࢆࡅࢁ䣎 ゝ࠺ࡇࢆ ࡑ࠺ࡣࡉࡏࢇࡒ䣎
䥹࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆᘬ࠸࡚䣍 ቨᡴࡕࡘࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ␃ࡵ㔠ᘬ䣬ࡅࡿ䥺 ᡬࡣ
ண ࡞࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍 Ⅿⅆࡢࡈࡃ㥑ࡍࡿᐇ⾜࠸࠺ྡࡢዑ࡛ࡣእࡢ࠺ࢆぢ⾜䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎௧࠾ࡾฟཱྀࡣࡇࡶሰ࠸ࡔ䣎ࡇࡇࡲࡓࡦࡘᡬࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
ࡔࡀ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᅜ⋤ࢆᑛᩗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࡣண ࡋ࡚ ఱࡈࡔ䣎 ⓚᖇࡀ␒ර㊊Ṇࡵࡉࢀࡿࡣ䣎 㤶Ἔࢆሬࡽࢀࡓ Ṇࡲࢀ䣎ୗࡀࢀ䣎
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 247
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝࣥࣉ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍㐲᪉ྥࡅ࡚ᣦࢆ❧࡚䣍ጾᄐࡍࡿ䥺ࡋࡼ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡽᩛࢆ⏫ධࢀࡓ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚䣍࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㆙ഛᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡓᕷẸ࡛ࡍ䣎ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ⓚᖇ䣍㌟㟈࠸ࡍࡿ䥺ࡾⓏሙࡋ䣍䥹࣐ࢫࢣ䣹ࢺ㖠ࢆ⫪ᢸࡂ䣍ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡛ࡶ࠾ᛮ࠸࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎㝎ୗࡢẸⲡ࡛ࡉ࠼ ࡇࡢሙࡢேࠎࢆ═ࡵᅇࡋ䣍ᆅࡢ⭉ᩋࢆᚰᏳࡽഐほࡋ䣍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎❧ࡓࡎ䣍ࡶἲࡀࢆࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᙼࡽࡣ䣍⪅䣬࡚ࡶேࡀᩛ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࡇ࡛䣍ከᩘὴࡀࢆࡵ䣍ከᩘὴ බඹࡢ⚟࠸࠺⤎ࡣࡳ࡞ᕫᚰࡼ䣬࡚࠺ࡢ᫇ࡤࡽࡤࡽࡓࡇࢁࡀྠᵝࡢࡀ࠶ࢀࡤྠᵝ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ䣎 ࠸࠸ຍῶ࡞ṊࢆࡋࡓᕷẸࡀࡦࡾ䣍䣍 ᇛ㛛ࡸ㤋ࡢ㛛ࢆ㜵ᚚ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡢᣦᅗ࡛ࡶ᮶ࡓ࠺㌟ࡢࡳࡣἲࢆචࢀࡓ࠸ࡃࡏ䣍 ேࡀἲ⦡ࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎 㝎ୗࡢሙྜ㚷ࡳࡲࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ኳࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍 ⮬ศࡢ㌟ᑐࡍࡿᝏ࠸ඛ࡞ࡿࡇࢆᜍ ࡇࡢࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽ䥹ⓚᖇ䣍᮫࡛ኳࢆᣦࡍ䥺࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ᚅ࡚ࡤᾏ㊰ࡢ᪥࠶ࡾ䣍䥹ⓚᖇ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺➗࠺䥺 ᆅୖࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡶ䣎ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋࡁࡇ䣍ఱࡼࡾ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࡇࡢୡ⏺ࡣᡂࡾ ୗᡭࡼ ⮬ศࡢ␎ዣࡀࡢἾᲬ㑧㨱ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ ᖇᅜࡢㅖࡀࡇࡢ ㅗ⏦ࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 ࡞ࡋࢁᝏඪ࡛ࡉ࠼䣍 ࠸࡞ࡿ࡞ࡽࡎ ࡑࡢࡢே㛫ࡋ ேࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥ࡣἲࡢࡇ ⮬ศ⮬ ぢᙇࡾᙺ࡛ࡍ ࠾࠾䣍 㝎ୗࢆឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ⏚ᚚࡢࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࡞䣎 ಙ 䥹ⓚᖇࡢᡭࢆ୧ᡭ࡛ᥱ䣬࡚䥺࡛ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚䣍ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ䣎㝎ୗࡢ
䢣
䣎 ↓ㄽ䣍 ⋤ᐑࡢㆤ⾨ර࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ
䢣
䢣 䣎
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝࣥࣉ ᚑࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫᚑ ࡵࡿ䥺䥹ⓚᖇ䣍 ࡾྥ࠸࡚䣍䥹ࡦࡾࡢᚑ䣍ୖᡭࡽ᮶࡚ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබᑠኌ࡛䥺ࢀ࡚ᚋᬒ㐲ࡊ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ࠺ࢆ䣍䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࡇࡢୡࡣඖࡢ㌶㐨ᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡁࡲࡍ䣎ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆ㉥〄ࠎࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᆅࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ䣍ᗎࡢᚲせᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍≢ࡋࡓࡍ࡚ࡢ⨥ᑐࡋ࡚ൾ࠸ࢆࡍࡿ࠾ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ጾගࢆởࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᗄᗘ᮫࡛ᆅ㠃ࢆ✺࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ᮏ᪥䣍 ᥈ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ぢࡘ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡓ䣎 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ䣍 ࣉࣛࣁ࠾㉺ࡋ࡞ࡾ䣍᮰࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ྠ䣍ᚚᐙࡢࡢࡈ㡿ࡀࡓࡀ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㝎ୗࡣ⮬⏤ࡢ㌟࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 බẊୗࡣࢻࢶ㉱ࢀ䣍 ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣ䣍അ↛ࡶ௧ࡀ᭤ゎࡉࢀ䣍㉃ࡅฟࡓసᡓࡀࡔ࠸࡞ࡋ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ルࡧࡿ㌟ࡾ䥺㏆ࡃࡲ࡛࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ௨๓ᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍チ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚䣍┠ࢆ₶ࡲࡏ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋ௦ᘚࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ㢗ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ឤࡌ࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉᨭ࠼ࡽࡌ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣍 ㄪᙺࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⚝ከࡁࢆ௰ࡉࢀࡿࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤᜍࢀᡓ࠸࡚䣍 ⛛ᗎࡣṇᑐࡢ࠾ࡒࡲ ྩࢆ࠾Ᏺࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ䣍 බࡣᡓ㜚ࡢ㊅ໃࡀࡍ࡛Ỵࡲ䣬ࡓ䣍 ࡇࡢୡࡣ⛛ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡣ㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡼࡾࡶ῝ࡃࡇࡢ㐠ࢆ ࡈ⮬ศࡢᅜࡢྩ࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡔ ࡈ ᖇᅜࡢ➼᪘ࢆ⤖ ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢ
་⪅ࡀࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢチධࡽࡏࢁせồࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎Ẋ䣍୍࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎㘽ࢆ࠾Ώࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎
ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ䣍ఱࡈ▱ࡾࡓࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࡅࡀ
ࡋࡓࡇࢆ࠾ルࡧࡍࡿࡶ䣍 ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡘ࡚Ⰻࢀᛮ䣬࡚ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀሪ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ䣍࠺ࡋࡓ䣎 ࢇ≬Ẽ㝗䣬࡚
䢣
䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䥺ࡶ࠺
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 248
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡢᆅ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎Ẋࡀᖇᅜࡢ㡿ࡋ࡚㈗㢧⤀ኈࡓࡿ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡣ䣍ࡃ䣍ࡍ࡛ࡇࡕࡽྥ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡢᙇᮏேࡶุᐁࡓࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎䣬ࡶ࡞ࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢀࡓ⻅⾜ຍᢸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࡑࡇࢆ࠾ศࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ༳䣍ࡔ䣎ࡔࡽࡑࡢ㘽ࢆ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࠾ᚅࡕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡼࡾࡀ㧗ຊ࡞䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿேࡀ⮬⏤ฟධࡾ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡢࡓࡣᚲせ࡞ࡢ㘽ࡔ䣎་⪅ࡣ䣍⾑࡛⾑ࢆไࡋࡼ࠺䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡢ⭎ࡢ⾑⟶ࢆษࡾ㛤࠸ࡓ䣎㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚䣍 ࡇࡢࡣࡿ࡞࣑࣎࣊ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡇࡢ㘽ࡲ࡛ࡶ䣎⏤ࢆጉࡆࢇ࡚䣍ෆ䣍 Ẽ㐪࠸⇕ᾋࡉࢀᛣࡾࢆ⮬ศྥࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍 㘽ࢆ ࡑࢀࡶⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢ࠾㒊ᒇࡢ๓ࡲ࡛ぢᙇࡾࢆ⨨ࡃࡣ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍㘽ࢆᦠ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㝲㛗ࡶ᮶ࡿ䥺࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸ồ፧⪅ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸㈉ࡂ≀ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡼ䣎 ࡺ࠼ᣊ⚗ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡶ⮳ᴟࡶ ࡍ࡚ࡢ㛛ࡢ㘽ࢆΏࡏゝࢃࢀࡓࡒ䣎 ࡇࢀࡣ䣍ࡿࡉ䣎 ယࢀ࡞ᚰ⪅ࡢࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀᢲࡋࡳࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡇࡢࣉࣛࣁࡽᧁ㏥ࡉࢀ࡚㏨ࡆሙࢆኻ࠼ࡤ䣍 ࡑࡢሪධࡿ ࡘ࠸ࡣࢀࡼࡾ ฟධࡾࡢ⮬ ࡕࡾࡖࡾ࡞
ࡵ䣬ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ㄡࡀࡇࡢᆅࡢุᐁ࡞ࡿࡢ䣍ࡲࡔศ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡋࡋࡲࡉࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡣᙉ┐ࡶ⤖クࡋ࡚䣍 ᭷⨥࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⚝ ࡁࡳࢆ᪉ࡘࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡸࡘࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎 ኪ⾜ࢃ ࡽ࠺ⰼ᎑ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ ㈗බࡀ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺࡞䣎⨥⛉ࡣุᐁࡀุỴࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡼ࠺䣎 ㈗බࡽ䣍 ࡇࢀࡀᙜ↛⮳ᴟࡢࡇゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ࡓࡔࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ࡣ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ∼⊹ࡢࡼ࠺ᇛ
55࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀࡋ࡚䣍㈗
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝࣥࣉ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ
ᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺ࡍࡿࡀ䣍䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබࢆㄆࡵ࡚䣍ᡭࢆᕪࡋฟࡍ䥺 ⓚᖇࡣᡭࢆ࠸䣬ࡓࢇᘬ䣬㎸ࡵ࡚ࡽ䣍ࡿࡢࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡏࢇࡋ䣍࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ୡヰಀࡀ⏦ࡍ䣍ᗞᖌࡀ⇃ᡭ࡛ࡲࡓᆒࡋࡲࡍ䣎ໃࡢ⪅ࡀ ᮶ࡋࡓ㊊㊧࡛䣍ᗞࡢ㐨ࡀࡦࡃⲨࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍䥹๓Ṍࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓⓚᖇ䣍❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍᮫࡛୕ᗘ䣍ᆅ㠃ࢆ✺ࡃ䥺㝎ୗ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡀ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡢࡣᔒࡢく᮶ ࠶ࡢࣛ࢜ࣥࡣ㝎ୗࡢᚚᡭࡽࡋ㣵ࢆཷࡅࡘࡅࡲ ៧㨚࡞ே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࠺࡞ࡔࢀ࡚పࡃ࠺ࡵ࠸࡚࠸䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ⰼࢆぢ࡚࠺࡞ࡎࡃ䥺 ᥱᡭࡍࡿࡓࡵࡩࡓࡓࡧ࡛❧ࡕṆࡲࡿ䥺䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᑐࡋ࡚㛛ᡞࢆ㛢ࡊࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣝࣥࣉ࠾ࡼࡧᩘྡࡢᚑ⪅ࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚䣍࠾ぢ࠼ࡔ䣎㝎ୗࡀእࡢ✵Ẽࢆ྾ࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣチࡉࢀࡼ䣎࠾ᘬࡁྲྀࡾ㢪࠸ࡓ࠸䣎ࡓࡣ䣍ࢨ䤀ࡀฟ࡚⾜ࡃࡇࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡢ❧ࡕ࠸ࡢࡶ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡶ㠀࠾㏉ࡋࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺䣎࠾ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 䥹ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡࡶ㏥ሙ䥺 ㈗බࡀᇛࡢ㒊ᒇࡽᨺ㏲ࡉࢀࡓⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡀ࡞ࡓ ୗᡭࡽⓏሙ䣎 ་⪅ࡢ❧ධࡾࡢࡳ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 ࡓࡔࡋ᮲௳ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ⰼቭࡢ๓ ࡔࡀࡣ䣍 ໙␃ࡢಖドேࡓࡿࡇࡢ㝲㛗 ῭ࡲࢇࡀ䣍 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀 ࡛ࡣࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ䣍 ᷦࡢ୰࡛㣵ࢆࡋࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⋇ࡓࡕࡢᵝᏊࢆぢࡿࡇ
ⰼࡀࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᢡࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ኤࡢく ✵Ẽࡣఱேࡶ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡛ࡍࡀ⏫ࡣಙ⩏࡞ࡁษࡾ
䥹ⓚᖇṌࡳᐤ䣬࡚䥺ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇࡢᡭ᥋࿀ࡋࡼ࠺ ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣍 ∖ࡢ䣎 ࡶࡋ㈗බྠᵝࡢែࡀฟ᮶࠸ࡓࡋ
ࢩ 䣻
ࢺ 䣶 ࣝ ࡢࡇ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࣒
ࢩ䣻ࢺ䣶࣒ࣝ ᮶
ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࡍ࡞䣎
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 249
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࣁࣥࣜࣄ࣭ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ䣍ṊࡋࡓᕷẸᩘேࢆక䣬࡚Ⓩሙ䣎ࡿ㔮⎼ᡞ䣎ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ⋤ᐑࡢᗞ䣎ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ᚋᬒ୰ኸᱩࢆᘬࡁୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢ㌴ࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀㝲㛗 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀㝲㛗 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ㝲㛗 ࡇࡇࡽᩛࡣ⏫ࡢ୰ㄏᑟࡉࢀࡓ䣎䥹ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺䥹ඛࡢࡸࡾࡾࡢ㛫᮶࡚࠸ࡓᩘேࡢᚑࡀᙼࡘ࠸࡚㞄ࡢ㒊ᒇ⾜ࡃ䥺ຓࡿࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎 ࡔࡽࡇࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢࡌ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ᚋᬒࡢࢻྥ࠺䣎රኈࡓࡕࡀ࠶⥆ࡃ䥺ࡢ䣎 ࡴ䣎ࢻࡀ㛢ࡲࡿ䥺ࡿࢻࡢࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶࡚䥺࠾࠾䣎ࡴࡈ࠸䣎ࡦ࠸ࡇࢆ䣎䥹㝲㛗䣍රኈᩘྡࡶⓏሙ䥺ࡋࡓࢇࡔ䣎࠼䣎 䥹ࡃࡎ࠾ࢀ࡚⭸ࢆࡘࡁ䣍ᡭ࡛┠ࢆそ࠺䥺 䥹㒊ᒇ㣕ࡧࡇ άࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࢆᢪࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䥺㈗Ẋࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᩛࡀ⏫ࡽ྇ࡁฟࡉࢀ䣍ࡇࡇ࡛Ⓨ◙ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡔ䣎䢣 ᪂ࡓ⛛ᗎṇ⩏ࡀᡠ䣬ࡓࡢ
ぢᙇࡾࢆ❧࡚ࢁ䣎እ㛛㓄ഛࡋࢁ ఱࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎 䥹ࢻࡢෆഃࢆぢ࡚䥺ఱ࡚ࡇ䣎
䥹⬥ᡬࡢࡇࢁ⌧ࢀ࡚䥺 ࡇ䣬ࡕࡔ䣍 ࡇ䣬ࡕࡔ䣎ࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽ䥹රኈࡓࡕࢆࡁศࡅ࡚䥺ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍ፉࡸ䣎 䥹㛤࠸࡚࠸
࡞ࡽࡤ࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ศ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࠾ࢀ⮬ࡽࡁࡢປࢆࡿࡇࢆච ぢࡘ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎 ࡛ࡶࣉࣛࣁุᐁࡣ࠸ࡿ
54䣎
䢣 ఱ࡚ࡇ
ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ᡓሙ࡛ࡣᙼ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸ࡽ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛䣍࠸ࡀ䣍ࡾ䣍 ࡸࡀ࡚࣑࣎࣊⋤ࡶ࡞ࢁ࠺䣎ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ⓒጣࡶṊჾࢆྲྀࡿ䣎㧗ᆅ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ࢜ ࡇࢆ㏻ࡿ䣍ษࡾࡀᩛࡢࡓࡵ✺◚ཱྀࡋࡓ㛛ࢆ㛢ࡌࡓࡢࡣᕷẸࡢᛅㄔᚰࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡎ῭ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබࡣ䣍ࢇ࡛࠸䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍࡚ࡩࡓࡵ࠸࡚㏆ࡃࡢ⪅ࢆയࡘࡅࡿࡶṆࡴ࡞ࡋ䣍 ண ࡶࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ᙼࡣ䣍ࡣᜍᛧᚰࡀ␎ዣḧࡲࡉ䣬࡚䣍 㐃୰ࡣኤ䣍ࢆᇙࡵࡘࡃࡋ䣍ࡀ䣍 ᩛ㌷ࢆ⊛㏣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓ㐨ࢆ㏥༷ࡢ㌷ࡀࡓ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎 ࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤࡛ࡋ࡞㝆ࡾ䣬ࡓ䣎 ᚋ⾨ࡣ๓ᢲࡋᐤࡏࡿ䣎 ኪウࡕࢆࡅ࡚Ꮚࡀ㛛ࡢ๓ⴠࡕ࡚䣍 ฟᧁࡋ࡚㏣࠸ࡅࡿࢃࡀẸරࡣ䣍 ࿘㎶ࡽ㥔ᒡ㒊㝲ࡀ㞟ࡲᶫࡣே㤿࡛⁄ࢀ࠼ࡾ䣍➨୍㝕ࡣ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍⏫ධࡋࡓ䣎ࡑࡢ✺↛䣍᱁ ໃ࠸࠶ࡲ䣬࡚ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ⴠࡉࢀࡿ⪅ࡶฟࡿጞᮎ䣎ࣞࣝᶫᛴ⾜ࡋࡓ䣍࠾ࡑࡽࡃᪧᕷ⾤ࡀ┠ぬࡵ࡞࠸࠺ࡕく࠾࠺䣎ࡣࡸ䣍ࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࡀࡕ๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸䣬ࡓ䣎 㤿ࡣᲬ❧ࡕ࡞ࡾ䣍 㜿㰯ྉႏࡢ⩌ࢀࢆᚋ㏥ࡉࡏࡿ䣎ᡭ࡛୰ධ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍 ࡑ࠺䣍ຬᩒࡉࡢ࠾ࡆࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡶࡘࢀ࡚ࡅࡠ⣒⋢ࡢࡼ࠺䣍 ሪࡽ㕲◙ࡸ◙ࡢ◙ⅆࡀ㞵࠶ࡽࢀΰࡋࡓ㌷ໃ ⮬㌷ࡢṌරࡢ୰✺䣬㎸䥹ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍❧ࡕཤࡿ䥺 㥽රࡣቒⴠࡍࡿ䣎 ᡓ㜚ࡢປࢆྲྀࡽᏲࡾࢆᅛࡵࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢ㌷ࡣࡲࡿ࡛ᩛࡢᢠࢆ᎘࠺ࡢࡼ࠺䣍 ㆶḧ ᩛࡢィ␎ࡣᢤࡅ┠࡞ࡃ⦎ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 㥽ර㝲ࡀៃ ࡔࡀࡑࡢࡪࢇ㏿ࡃ㥽ර㝲ࡀ⬥㐨ࡽ࢝ ඛ㐵㝲ࡣᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ ࡸࡘࡽࡣᶫ ࡘ࠸ ࡺࡿࡺࡿ ษࡾ⪅ࡢ 䤀 ࣂ 䤀
࣭ ࢚ ࢫ ᚰ㓄↓⏝ࡔ䣎࠶ࡢ␎ዣ㞟ᅋࡣ⾜ࡃඛࠎ࡛䣍ࡘࡲࡾࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ࡽ ࡑࡢወ㊧࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍 ࢃࡀࣉࣛࣁᪧᕷ⾤ࡢ࠶䣬ࡥࢀ࡞ᕷẸࡢຬẼ䣍 ࢱ ࡔࡀᩛࡣᇛ㛛ࡢእ࠶䣬࡚䣍ᮍࡔࢀ࡞࠸ࡒ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀຓ䣬ࡓࡢࡣ࠺ࡶṤወ㊧ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎 䤀 ࣛ ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡣࡿ࣑࣎࣊ࡲ࡛䣍ࣄ ࡇ࡛ࡶࡋࡇ࡛ࡶぢᙇ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 250 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡲ࡛✺ࡁ่ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢࡢ⾪ᧁࡢ௦ൾࢆᡶࢃࡏ࡚ࡸࡿࡶࡢࢆ䣎࠶ࡢࡣఱࡶࡋ࡞䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡄࡉ࠸⪃࠼ࡀ┠ࢆぬࡲࡍ䣎࡚ࡶ࠸࠸䣎⬗ࢆ┿䣬ࡓࡘࡉࡏࡓࡢࡔ䣎㐠ࡀ࠾ࢀࡢ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࠶ࡢ᪥ࡢࡇࢆᛮ࠺䣍㈗᪘ࡸ㌷ேࡀࡸࡿࡼ࠺ᙼࡣࡸࡘࢆṇࠎᇽࠎᡓ䣬࡚ಽࡋࡓ䣎≢⾜ࡣࡲ䣬ࡓࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎႖ვ㐟ࡧ䣍ఱ࡞ࡢࡣ▱ࡽࢇࡀ䣍ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡞ࡽࡓࡔ࡛ࡣ῭ࡲࡉࢇ䣎 ࠶ࡢഇၿ⪅ࡢษࡾ⪅ࡀ࠾ࢀࡢ๓⌧ࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝඖᖊࡣ࠾ࢀࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ࡍ࡚ࡢẸࡢ๓࡛䣍ࡾࡢ࿘ࡾࢆ㣕ࡧᅇ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎 ࠾ࢀࡢᚰࡣᛣࡾ࡛↻࠼ࡓࡂࡾ䣍࠸࡚䣍 ఱࡼࡾࡶࡑ࠺࠾ࡲ࠼ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡀࡓࡵ䣍 ࡇࡇࡢ❆ࢆぢୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎ࡁࡢࡳ࡛䣍ᅾࡢࡁ࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡇࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡸࡘࡢ⬚ࢆ ⓚᖇࡣබࡢᗈሙ࡛ᙼࡢ㤳ධࡾᾐ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ䣍ࡶኪࡶ䣎 ࠾ࢀࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡛ゝ䣬ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡔࡕ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ᖌ࡛ࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍 ⾑࡞ࡲ࠸䣬ࡓ䣎 ᖾࡏ࡞⪅ࡓࡕࡢᙳࡀ⻍ࡢࡼ࠺⾀⇵ࡢⅉ ࡔࡀࢇ࡞ࡔࡀࡸࡘࡣ✺↛࠶ࡽࡉࡲ࠾ࢀ⫼ࢆྥࡅ䣍 ࠾ࢀࡣᙼࡢ ࡇࡇ᮶ࡓ ࡑࡋ࡚ࢇࡇࡢᐙ ྠ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᐙධ䣬࡚
࠶࠶⚄ࡼ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡞࠾ࡶ࠶ࡢࡓࡢṚࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ኤ᪉࠾䣬ࡋ䣭䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎࠶ࡢࡓࡣ∗ࡢ࠾ࡔࡕ࡛䣍 ࡑࢀ∗ࡀᅾᏯࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡑࢀࡣ࠾ࢀࡀࡸ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡔࡀ䣍 ࠾ࢀࡣ㐨ࡢྥࡇ࠺ഃ䣍∗ぶࡢேࡋ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࡸࡘࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡀ䣍 ࠾ࢀࡢࡓࡵᐇ⾜ 㟖㞷そࢃࢀ࡚❧䣬࡚㠀㞴ࡍࡿᶒࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣୡ㛫࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍௰㛫ࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ḟ᮶ࡓ
ࡘ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࢫࢺࣝࢆᢤࡁฟࡋ䣍䢣 ࡑ䣬ࡕ⾜ࡃ࡞䣎ௐࡢഇၿ㔝㑻ࡢ⤮ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡣ⾜ࡃ࡞䣎ഇၿዪࡵ䣎䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍㞄ࡢ㒊ᒇ㏨ࡆࡿ䥺䣼䤀ࢯᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚➗䣬࡚ࡓࡼ࠺࡞䣎ࡋ࠸ᜊேࡢࡓࢃࡽ࡛࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࢀ࠾ࢀࡢឡࢆ➗࠺ࢇࡔ䣎 㛤࠸ࡓࢻࡢ࠺ྥࡅ࡚Ⓨ◙ࡍࡿ䥺๓ࡸ䣬࡚䣍၁ࡀ♳ࡿ䣍ᚰࡀ⪮ࡿᛮ࠸ฟࡣࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡢ⤮ࡌ䣭࡞࠸ࡢ䣎ᑼᑿࢆᢲ࠼ࡓࡒ䣎࡚࠸ࡿ⤮ࡣㄡࡢࡔ䣎ࡇࡢᐙࡢ㒊ᒇࢆࡼࡃ▱䣬࡚ࡿࢇࡔ䣎ࡿࡢࡣ⚄∗ࡢࡳ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡸࡘࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣ࡽ䣎ゝ࠼ࡤゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎 ࣛࣥࣉࡢⅉࡾ࡞ࡲࡵࡋࡃ↷ࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡿࡸࡘࡔ䣎࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣎ࡋࡃⓑ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣎ࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡼࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡍ࡚ࡢഇၿ࿚࠸࠶ࢀ䣎ࡉ࠶ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣍࠶ࡢࡓࢆ䣍ஸ ࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍ࡕ࡞⨾ᚨࡢ㧗ࡳࡽࡇࡢୡࢆ䣍 䥹⬥ᡬࢆ㛤࠸࡚䥺ࡑ䣬ࡕࡢቨ䣬 ࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪࡣࡼࡃศࡿ䣎ࡣㅬ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍 ࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍ゝ䣬ࡓࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㤿㮵࡛ហ࡛ᙅ䣬ࡓ ࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣍 ࠾ࢀࡣഫ៏࡞⏨ࡔ䣎 ྠࡌḞⅬࢆ⬚ࡢ୰㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡃࡏ䣍 ࠾ࢀࢆ䣍 ࣋ ᎖ጊືࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶᛮࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎 ࠾ࡄࡋࡀ㤶Ἔࡢ࠸࠸ໝ࠸ ே㛫㒊ࢆぢࡉࡆࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚ࡇࡣ ㍍ࡢឤࡢ࠺ࡀᝏࡼࡾ࠾ࢀ ࠾㢦ࡀඃ ࠺ࡑ䣬ࡥ ᎖ጊ ⮬ศࡢ⪷ேᛮ䣬࡚ࡸࡘຓࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣬࡚ࡢ䣎 䥹࣋ࣝࢺࡽࣆ ∗ࡀࡅࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠶ࡢࡓࢆឡࡋࡓࡇ࡞࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢឡࢆཷࡅ ࡔࡀ࣐ࢻࣥࢼࡼ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ♳⚳⏝ࡢ㊊ྎࢆࡑࡢ⤮ࡢࡍࡄ࠺ࡲ࠸ࡒ䣍⤖ᵓࡔ䣎 ᚰ㓄ࡍࡿ࡞䣎 ࠾ࢀࡣ┿ᐇࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡔࡅࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡔ
䢣
࡞ࡽ࠶ࡢ⤮ࡣㄡࡔ䣎 䢣 䣎࠾ࢀࡀṚࢇࡔࡽ䣍᪂
䢣 ࠾ࢀࡣ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 251 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࡞࠸䣎⪅ࡶ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⚄ࡣ䣍⚄⪷ࡋ࡚೧࡞⚄ᑐࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ⏽ᩗࡢẼᣢࡕࡣ⾲ࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࠺䣍ᝏᚨࡶࡓࡔࡦࡘࡔࡅ࠶ࡿࡽࡔ䣍ഇၿ࠸࠺䣎࡞ࡃ䣍࠸࠺ே㛫ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ఱ⪅ࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵ䣎࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ேᙧ㐵࠸ࡢࣛࣥࣉ࡛ࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ┿ᐇㅫࡽࢀࢀࡤ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ┿ᐇࢆྰࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎ศ䣬ࡓࡢࡣ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢࡕࡽࡶ᰿ᣐࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍 ࡓ䣬ࡓࡦࡘṧ䣬ࡓ⇕ࡣ䣍ᡬࢆࡓࡓ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍ᮏࢆㄞࡳ䣍ேࡢヰ⪥ࢆഴࡅ䣍ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡾࡶࡋࡓ䣎ࡔࡀಙ௮ࡢၥࡀࡶࡘࢀ䣍 ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍 ࡓࡔࡑࢀࡔࡅࡢࡓࡵ᮶ࡓ䣎࠸࡚䣍 ࡑࢇ࡞ᙳ⤮Ⱚᒃࡢ⤮ࢆࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ື࠸࡚ࡺࡃୡࡢ୰ࡢࢤ䤀࣒ࡣⓙ䣍 ⬻ࡳࡑࡀዲࡁᡭࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࡾ䣍ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶ䣍ࡃࡢ↓ࡶ࡞ࡿࡢ䣎ṇ⩏ࡸṇ䣍ᮏ㉁䣍⌧ᐇ࡞ᵝࠎ ┿ᐇࡀࡓࡔࡦࡘࡢᚨ࡛࠶ࡿࡼࡧ࡛༙ศᝏព䣎 ࡇ࠸ࡘࡀ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞⤮ࢆᮏ≀ࡽࡋࡃቨᥥ࠸㐣ཤࡢࡶࡢ䣍⣡ࡵ࡚ᇙⴿࡋࡓࡼ䣎ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ఱ࡞ࡢࡔ䣍ዪࡣ䣎༙ศ㐟 ࡑࢀᠱྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ䣍▱ࡾࡓ࠸࠸࠺㢪࠸ࡔ䣎ࢇ࡞ࡇࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎∗࡛࠶ࡿ⏨ྰᐃࡉࢀ䣍ࢀࡣ࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ហຎ೧ࡢ㛫࡛ࡺࡀࢇࡔጼ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ࠾ࢀࡔ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢୖ㎶࡛ࡣ ࠾ࢀࡢ䣍ࡣ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎 㢪ᮃࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣍 ࡓࡀ࠾ࢀ⛬ᗘࡢࡸࡘࡢᛮ࠸㎸ࡳḟ➨࡛䣍ග䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢே⏕ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࡍ࡞ගࡶ䣍 ⬻ࡳࡑࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕࡢ㒊ᒇࡵࡽࢀ࡚ ᥈✲ࡋࡼ࠺ぢ▱ࡽࡠேࡢ࠾ࡲ࠼࠾ࢀࡢᙳἲᖌࡍࡂ࡞࠸䣎 ṧࡿࡣⅉࡾࡔࡅ䣍 ᡓ㜚ฟ࡚⾜ࡃ䣎 ឡࡋࡓዪ㍍ࡉࢀࡓ䣎 ࠾ࢀࢆືࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⇕ࡸ⇕࠸࠸ࡣࡶ࠺ ↓ෆᐜ ḭࡃࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ᗫᲠࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ䣎 ᡓṚࡍࡿࡇࡣศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡋࡶ䣍 ࡇࡢⲨࢀࡍࡉࢇࡔୡࡢ୰࡛࠾ ࡣࡲࡔ࠸࠺ྡࡢᬯ㜌ྥ䣬࡚ ࡓ࠸ ኪ᫂ࡅ๓ᾘ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡾ ணឤ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ䣍 ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿഇၿ
䢣 㟈࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡇ
ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡍࢇࡔ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢁࡸࡿ௰㛫ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࢀࡄࡿ ࡔࡀ䣍䣍ࡑࡇ⏨ࡀ⌧ࢀࡓ䣎࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯ࠸࠺ྡࡢ༝ຎ࡞ഇၿ⪅ࡔ䣎 ࡸࡘࡀ࿌ࡆཱྀࡋࡓ࠾ࡆ࡛䣍ࡓ䣎 ࠾ࢀࡣ䣍ࡋୗࡢୗࡲ࡛✺ࡁⴠࡍࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢḞⅬࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࡚⪏࠼ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࠼ࡣឡࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᓫᣏࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎࡞࠸᪑䣍࠾ࡲ࠼⮬㌟ࡶฟࡅ࡚ࡋ࠸䣎ዪ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ኳ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠾ࡲ┠ࡢ๓⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࢆክぢࡿࡋ䣍 ࠾ࢀࡣ∗ࡢឡࢆኻࡍࢀࡤ䣍࠸ࡿᛮ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡲ࠼࠸࠺எዪࡢࡽࡔ䣍 ኪ䣍࠸ே䣎࠾ࢀࡀ䣍ࡶ࠺ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ๓ࡢࡇࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆึࡵ࡚ぢࡓࡁ䣍࠾ ඃࡋ࠸㠃ᙳࡢຊໟࡲࢀ࡚╀ࡾᑵࡃ⏨ࡣ䣍 ࡲࡓ䣍 ࡶ࠺୍ᗘࡑ࠺࠸࠺ጼࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡔࡽ䣍 ┠ࡀぬࡵࡿྠࡌጼࡀ䣍 ࡇࡢ᪑ேࡀᗘᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡇࡢ ࡔࡀ࠸࠸ ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⣧┿ࡉ↓ᇈ⨾ᚨࡀ୍య࡞䣬࡚ ᪥ࡢගࡀᕪࡍྠ ಙࡌࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ⮳⚟ࡢ㛗࠸ኪ ࡑ࠺
䣍䣍 ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 㠀㞴ࡉࢀ࡚ᙜ↛ࡢࡇࡸ䣍 㔝⻅࡞Ⲩ䣬ࡱ࠸ࡇࢆ࠸ࢁ࠸
㞃ࢀࡶ࡞࠸ྡኌࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍 ࠶ࡢࡓࢆㄡࡀ㠀㞴࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠶ࡢࡓࡶࡑࢇ࡞ᡭ㛫ࢆྲྀࡽࡎࡑࢇ࡞ゝࢃࢀ᪉ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ヂࡶ࡞ࡋୖࡢୖࡲ࡛ᣢࡕୖࡆ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀഇၿ⪅ࡔ䣬ࡓࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡲࡓヂࡶ࡞ ࠾ࢀࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࢆᘚㆤࡍࡿࡢ䣎 ࡸࡘࡢࡇࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞䣎࠸ࡸ࠸ࡸ䣍 ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᑡࡋࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ䣍࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣഇၿ⪅࡞ࡢ㸽 ᛮ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎 ࠸ࡋ
䢣
䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࢀࢆ✺䣬ࡥࡡ
䢣 ࡸࡘࡣ࠾
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 252
ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉᕷẸࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶᡓࢆࡋ䣍䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡢᐙࢆᣦࡉࡍ䣎ࡣ䣍 ࡇࡢᐙࡢୖ࡛╀ࡽࡎ࠸ࡿዪࡢࡇ࡛ゝ࠸ࡀࡾࢆࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓࡽࡔ䣎䥹ࢻࣥ䥹රኈࡓࡕୖᡭ㏥ሙ䣎ᡓ㜚ࡢࡊࢃࡵࡁࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䥺 ࣭ᶫࡣ༨ᣐࡋࡓ䣎ࡑ䣬ࡕ⾜ࡃࡒ䣎 ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍 ࢆ࠼䣍䥹ࡣࡿᙼ᪉࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺ᪧᕷ⾤ࡀᡭධࢀࡤ䣍ࣉࣛࣁࡣࡇ䣬ࡕࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢ㝵ୖࡣ᫂ࡾࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ᕝ⣲᪩ࡃ㥑ࡅࡘࡅ䣍 Ṛࡠࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎 ⬗╔ࢆࡘࡅ䣍Ẋୗࡣ࠾ᮃࡳ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠸ࡿẸࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ↓ᖗ࡛Ⓩሙ䣎 ㄡࡀ᪉࡛ㄡࡀᩛ䥹࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍රኈᩘྡࢆక䣬࡚Ⓩሙ䥺 ᶫࢆ༨ᣐࡋ䣍䥹ⓙ䣍ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ䥺 ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 රኈᩘྡᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࠾ࢀࡣ࠾ࡢ➃ࡃࢀ࡞ࡽ䣍 㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㛛ࡽධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃࡢࡔࡽ䣎 ᩛወくࢆࡅ䣍ࢀ䣎ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 䥹⮬ศࡢᐙྥ䣬࡚䥺ࡑࡢ㛫ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ⚄ࡢಖㆤጤࡡࡼ࠺䣎ᕷẸ ⏫యࡀ༴ᛴᏑஸࡢࡁ䣍 ྛேࡀࡍࡁࡇࢆࡋ࡚䣍 ⾑ࢆὶࡉࡎࡘࡇࢆබὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ┐䣬ேࡶ᮶ࡓࡇࢆᚋࡉࡏ࡚ࡸ ⮬ศࡔࡅࡢᚰ㓄ࡈࡣᛀࢀࡡ
࠶ࡲࡾཝࡋࡃᨷᧁࡍࡿ࡞䣎࠶ࡢゅ⛣ືࡔ䣎 ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㥽ර㝲ࡀᩛࡢࢆ࠸࡚ࣔࣝࢲ࢘ ㌟ࢆ㞃ࡏࡿ䣎 ᩛࡀ๓㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ䣍 ⬥ࡽく࠸ࢀ䣎
࠶䣬䣍࠶ࡑࡇරࡀ᮶ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 䥹රኈࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍㖠ࢆᧁࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ⪅ࡓࡕ䥺ᧁࡘࡢࡣࡸࡵࢁ䣎ᐷ࡚ ཝࡋ࠸ᣊ␃ࡽゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎 ࠾ࢀࡀᣊ␃ࡉࢀࡓࡢ ⓙ䣍 ࡇࡇ㞟ࡲࢀ䣎䥹ยࢆᢤ࠸࡚䥺࡞ࡽࡤṊჾࢆྲྀࢀ䣎 ᣢࡕࡇࡓ࠼ࢁ䣎 ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣ⏨ࡀ࠸䣬ࡥ࠸࠸
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࡢᡬ䣎ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡦࡘࡣ࢞ࣛࢫᡞ࡛䣍ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀㏻ࡌࡿ䣎ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡢᐙࡢ୍ᐊ䣎 ୗᡭ❆䣎 ࡑࡢྥ࠸ഃᡬ䣎 ᚋᬒࡉࡽࡩࡓࡘ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸䣎࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿ䣎 ࢇ࡞⇕䣬ࡓぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡘ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡓࡵ⇞࠼ࡉࡿ⅖ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍䥹ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ࡢ࢞ࣛࢫᡞࡀ㛤࠸࡚䣍ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍⌧ࢀࡿ䥺䣬㌟ࢆ⩻ࡋ࡚䥺≀㡢䣍∗ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ᖐࡾࡋࡽ䣎䣬࡚䥺ࡽ䣎ᚰ⮚ࡀࡇࡢ⬚ࢆࡁࡁ㬆ࡽࡋ࡚䣍㐪࠺䣍ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 㟼࡞䣬ࡓ䣎᭱㧗䣬࡚ゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࢇ࡞ࡢᖾࡏࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࢇ࡚ゝ䣬࡚䣍ࡢ䣍⨨ࡁཤࡾࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡃ䣍⏨ࡢேࡢෑ㝤ᚰ䣬ࡓࡽ䣎ᅜࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࡳࡇ࡞࠸䣎㖠ኌ䣍ྉࡧኌ䣍ᡎࡢ㡢䣎࡞ࡢ∗ࡉࢇࡣ⮬ศࡢᏊࡀᅔ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ ࢶ䣵ࢫ࢝ᒣࡽⓑࠎගࡀ䣍 ࡢ࠾ࢀࡣ䣍 ࡣṧࡾࡢ⅊ ࡘ࡚ࡢ䥹ဨ䣍ᐙࡢ⫼ᚋ㏥ሙ䥺 ࡛ࡶࡑࡢᐇ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣ୍␒㌟㏆࡞ࡶࡢࡌ䣭࡞࠸ࡋࡑ䣬ࡕࡽධ䣬࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎ධཱྀࢆぢᙇ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠺⾜ࡃ㝵ẁࢆ୕㝵ࡲ࡛᪼䣬࡚䣍ࣂࣝࢥࢽ䤀ฟࢀࡤ䣍࠶ࡢዪࡢ㒊ᒇࡔ䣎 ࡶ࠺᪥ࡢฟ࡞ࡢࡡ䣎ࡢᡭࡢቨࡶ࠺ࡦࡘ㛛ࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍࡛䥺ᚅ࡚䣍㡢ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ࡞䣎 㐲ࡃ⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡼ䣎࠾ࢀࢆ㥏┠ࡋࡓ࠶ࡢዪࡦࡇ࡛ࡶゝࢃࡡࡤ䣎 䥹❆㝿ᐤࡣ࠺࡛ࡶ࠸࠸䣎࠾ࢀࢆẅࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡸࡘࢆࡰ࠺䣎ࡔࡀࡑࡢ๓䣍 䥹ࡉ ࡇࡢᐙࡢ㐀ࡾࡣ๓ࠎࡽศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡴࡇ࠺ ෆ㒊㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡑࡇࡽᗞࡢ 䥹ᩘேࡀᡬ㏆࡙ࡃࡢ ࠶࠶䣍࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣍ࡇࢀࡇࡑᖾࡢ㢢ࡔࢃ䣎 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ኪࡀ᫂ࡅࡿ䣎 ∗ࡉࢇࡣᖐ䣬࡚ ࠸ࡋ࠸ே䣍㦫ࡃ࡞䣎࠾ࢀࡣ࠾ࢀࡔࡀ䣍࠾ࢀ࡛࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡇࡢᐙᖾከࡽࢇࡇࢆ䣎
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 253
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡣ࠾᩿ࡾࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡀ࣏ࢸࣃࣝᐙ࡛ࡸ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺ࡲ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࠾ᡠࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎࠺䣎ࡶ࠺ᡭ㐜ࢀ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡀ⇍ࡋ䣍ࢆᛅᐇᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡢࡀࢃࡓࡋࡢົࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎 ⓚᖇᩛࡍࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ䣍ࡿ䣎ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᙼࡽࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍ࢻࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡘࡘ䣍ᚋᬒᢲࡋᐤࡏࡿ䥺䥹ᙼࡽ䣍 ࡇࢀࢆᶵ㏣࠸ⴠࡋࢆㅛࡿࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯 Ẹ⾗ࡢ୰⣮ࢀ࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ࡣᩗពࢆᡶ࠾࠺䣎⿇ࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡶ㈋ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀุᐁᘚㆤኈࡤࡾࡀ㇏࡞ࡿ䣎ࡺࡃࡶࡢ䣎ྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࡇ࡛ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ䣎 ࡶ࣐ࣥࢺࢆ╔࡚䣍 Ẹ⾗ࢆࡁศࡅ䣍 Ẹ⾗ࡣᐈᖍ⫼ࢆྥࡅ࡚䣍࡚࡚ࡋࡲࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⋤ෙࢆዣ࠸ྜ࠺⪅ࡓࡕࡣ䣍 ࡑࡇࢆ⾜ࡃࡢࡣࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍ䣎 ୗᡭ๓ᬒ⌧ࢀ ࡕ䣯䣬ࡋࡓᢠࡶᲲࡣḟࠎ☻⁛ࡋ࡚ ཝ࡞ࣃࣞ䤀 ุࡢཎ࿌⿕࿌ྠᵝ䣍 ᪼ࡿኴ㝧 䥹⯙ྎ
ࢃࡋࡶ㈇ࡅࡣࡏࢇ䣎 ᪂ࡓᨷࡵ㎸ࡴࡣ䣍᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ䣍
䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆᤕࡲ࠼࡚䥺 ࡼࡑࡢᅜ࡛ເ䣬ࡓරࢆࡇࡇ⋡࠸࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍 ㏨ࡀࡋࡲࡏࢇࡒ䣎㝎ୗࡢチ࠾ᡠࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࠶࡞ࡓࢆ㞳ࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᙼࡣ≾࠸ே㛫ࡔࡒ䣎 ᤕࡲ࠼ࡓࡲ ᪂ࡓེ 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⬺ࡄ䣎๓ࡣ᪩ࡍࡂࡿゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎₻ࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡢᡭ࣐ࣥࢺࡀṧࡿ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㝎ୗࡢ㧗㑌࡞ࡈពᛮࢆグࡋࡓ⣬ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣚࢭࣇ ࡇࢀ
52 䣍࠶࡞ࡓ࣐ࣥࢺࢆṧࡋ࡚ᕪࡋ࠶ࡆࡿࡀ䣍
‒
ᕷẸࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉᕷẸࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ୍ᕷẸ ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍㏨ࡆ࡞ࡀࡽⓏሙ䣎ኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䣎➨୍ᖥෑ㢌ྠࡌ䣍ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ䣎㆙㚝ࡀ㬆ࡽࡉࢀࡿ䣎㖠Ẹ⾗ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣓ࣛ䤀 ᐤࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎⏚ࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀᣦᐁ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡿ䥺䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡀᡭ࡛┠ࢆⶸ࠸䣍䥹ࡑࡢ㛫䣍ᚋᬒ࡛㌷ࡸኳࢆࡘ࠸࡛ᕷཧࡀ⾜㐍ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ⶸ࠸ࡢ୰㌟ࡣ࠶ࡽࢃ◚⁛ࡢ㌟࡞䣬࡚䣍࠾ࡢࡀ㐨ࢆ⾜ࡃ䣎䥹࣓ࣛ䤀䣍୧⪅ࡢ㛫ࡾ㎸ࡴ䥺ࡇࡢࡓࢆ㜼ࡵ䣎 ⱞࡋࡆ┠ࢆࡑࡴࡅࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍 ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾ
➨ ᙼࡽࡢࡓࡵᒣୖࡢࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢ㛛ࡀ㛤ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛䣍ࡈᏑࡌ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷࡛ࡍ䣎ᅄ 㒊㝲ࡀ⾤୰ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ㏨ࡆࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣍 ࡈ㞄ே䣎ᖥ ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ࡢර㝲࡛ࡍ䣎 ⓚᖇࡀࢃࡀᅜࡧ 䥹Ẹ⾗ࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ࡚䥺Ẋ䣍࠾ጼࢆ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ㸽 ṓ
ࡔࡀ䣍ࡇࡢ⏫ࡣᏲࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎䥹⮬ᐙࡽฟ࡚᮶ࡿ䥺ఱࡈࡔ䣎࠺ࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎 䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ㸟ࡉࢀࡤ䣍ࡇࡢୡࡶᮎࡔ䣎 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆⴠࡋ࡚䥺ⶸ࠸ࡣᆅⴠࡕ
ࢃࡓࡋࢆ▱ࡽࡋࡵࡼ࠺䣎 䥹ຊᙉ࠸㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛ୖᡭ㏥ሙࡋࡘࡘ䥺
ᕷཧ䣍ṓ
53㸟
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 254
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣝࣥࣉ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚᮶ࡿ䣍༶ᗙࣝࣥࣉࡀ୰ධࡿ䥺ࡳ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠺ࡶヰࡢ୰㌟⤖ᮎࡀᚰ㓄࡞䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࢀࡣሗ࠸ࢆᴦࡋࡴࡇࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡃࡋ⬣ጾ࡞ࡿ⨩ࡣࡲࡔࡎ䣬ඛࡢࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡽ䣍ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎༴㝤ࡀ㏕ࡿศ䣬ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡋࡳࢆ㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡊ䣬࡚ฎ⨩ࢆᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࠾ࡌ࡞䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡽᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚㎯ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ཤࡿ䥺ࡤ䣍ࡀ䣍 ᭱ᚋࡣ࠾ศࡾ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࢆᙉࡋ࡚⒵ࡍ⸆࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡞䣎 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⒪ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᶒຊࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ᘐ⮧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍᩿ࡽᛮ࠺ࡇࢁࢆ┤ᡖ⏦ࡍࡺ࠼࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࢃࢀࢃ㐺ᙜ࡞⪅ࡣ࠸࡞䣬ࡓࡢ䣎ࡋ࡚䣍䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᐁᡣᐊධࡿ䥺 Ṥࡉ࠼⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗ࿌ࢆࡍࡿࡢ䣍 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢゝ࠸ศࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀ⁒ࢀࡿ⪅ࡢ㧥ࢆᦨࡴ⪅ࡣ䣍 ࢃࡓ䥹ⓚᖇࡢᐁᡣᐊ࡛࣋ࣝࡀ㬆ࡿ䥺 ࠸ࡘ㈗Ẋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ែࡀ⃭ኚࡍࡿࡇ ᩆ䣬ࡓ ㈗Ẋࡼࡾ ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ࠾ᛣࡾ࡞䣬࡚䣍 ㈗Ẋࡀᖐࡽࢀ䣍 㝎ୗࡢࢇࡤࡏࡽ㐲
ᐁᡣᐊࡢኌࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡁࡓ࡞䣎࡞ࡽࡤᖐࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ୰ධ䣬࡚䣍 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣㅮࢆ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ ヰࡢ㑧㨱ࢆࡋ࡚࡞ࡽࡤࡑࢀࡀⱞ࠸ࡇࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍↓㐲៖ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶᐇ┤࡛࠶ࡿࡣ㝈ࡽࢇࡀ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡶࡋࡋࡲࡍ䣍ࡇࢀࡣࡋࡓࡾ䣎⚄ࡼ䣍ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁࢆぢࡑ࡞ࢃࡋ⤥࠼䣎 㛗ࡽࡃ⏑ࡸࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⫶ ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢࡳࡣ㜿ㅀ㏣ᚑࢆࡴࡡࡍࡿ 䥹୍ᯛࡢ⣬ࢆ㧗ࠎᥖࡆ䥺ࡸ䣬ࡓ䣍ࡸ䣬ࡓࡒ㸟
ࢩ䣻ࣜ䣹ࢡ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖➼᪘ࡢ୕ேࡢ௦⾲⪅䣍ୗᡭࡽⓏሙ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ䣎Ẹ⾗ࡀ⫼ᬒࢆᇙࡵ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ືࡁࢆぢࡏࡿ䣎ࣝࣥࣉ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝࣥࣉࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝࣥࣉ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝࣥࣉࡢኌ ࠸ㄵ࠸ࡢ✀ࡀᶒຊ฿㐩ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡣࡶ࠶ࢀẊୗࡣᩆ῭⪅ࡋ࡚ゎᨺ⪅࡞ࡢࡔࡽ䣎ࡀ࠾㏄࠼ࡍࡿ‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡪ䣬࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ௬㠃ࢆ⬺ࡂᤞࡀ䣎 ࡣ䣎ࢆ㏺ࢃࡎ㣕ࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࡒ䣎 ࡉ࠶䣍 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚බࢆ㏣࠺䥺 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶ୍⥴ࡲ࠸ࢁ࠺䣎࠾ᮃࡳ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡶ࠺ࡦࡇ௮ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽ㏥ሙ䥺 ◚⁛ࡀ┠ࡢ๓࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ጼࢆ᭚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ ఱ ࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡢỴ᩿ࡀ෭ࡵࡠ࠺ࡕ䣍ᬮ࠸࠺ࡕ㣗䣬࡚ࡋࡲࢃࡡࡤ䣎࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ࡉ࠶㤿ࡔ䣎䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽ࣓ࣛ䤀బࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆᣠ࠸ୖࡆࡿ䥺ࡇࡢᆅ࡛ࡣ䣍Ỵ᩿ษ࡞
䢣 䥹ᐁᡣᐊ㏆࡙ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺Ẋࡣືࡀጞࡲࡿ䣍ࡈ⮬ศࢆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 㐃ࢀᡠࡉࢀࡿࡶ䣎䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺 㝎ୗࡣ୍ᗘ䣍 Ẋୗヰࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ
㤿ࡶࡽ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ䣍∦ࡣࡘࡃ䣎 䥹ᐁᡣᐊධࡿ䥺
ࡓࡔ䣍 ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍 Ẋୗࡢࡈᚰ୰ࡣࡧࡇࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿྂẊୗࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣎⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡼ䣎 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ㏆࡙࠸࡚䥺Ẋୗ㸟 ༴㞴ࡀ⩼ࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡽ䣍䥹ᐁᡣࡢ୰࡛䥺බẊୗ㸟 ᆅ እฟ࡚䣍 බẊୗ ࠺ࡸࡽ䣍ࡣࡸ䣍ᚋࡀጞࡲ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎㏨ࡆࡼ࠺䣎
51ࡈᣵᣜ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺䣎 ᪧᕷ⾤ࡢᕷཧ
䢣
බ∖ࡢࡢ࠺
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 255
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡀ㛤ࡁ䣍 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀ㯮࠸࣐ࣥࢺ㌟ࢆໟࢇ࡛⌧ࢀࡿ䥺 ࡢᰕࡶ㡹࡞ࡔ࡞ᛮࢃࡏ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡲࡍ࡞䣎ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺ࡶ䣍ࡢลࡀ㛝࠸࡚䣍Ẋࢆ䣍㝎ୗࢆ࠾ㆤࡾ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ᩆ࠸ࡢᡭࢆ㏥ࡅ 㢌ࢆࡇࡢᰕࡶࡓࡏࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡲࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ䣬ே▱ࢀࡎཧୖ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡇࡢᚰࡣ䣍 ⱞᚰࡋ࡚ࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘␃ࡵ⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍㏥ᐊࡍࡿ䥺㑧㨱ࡋ᮶ࡠࡼ࠺䣎 Ꮚ౪ࡢᛅᐇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡣ᧕ࡡࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣍ᡤ࡛䥺㘽ࢆ࠾ࡅ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡣ༑ศ࠶ࡿ䣎ㄏᝨ⪅ࡼ䣍❧ࡕཤࢀ䣍ࡓ࠸䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀⓒಸࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢᜥᏊ⭜ࡔゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ∗ୖࡢᚚ⬚ࡀࡇ ࡞ࡢ䣍ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿẼࡶ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ 䥹ᛴ࠸࡛ୖᡭࡢᐁᡣᐊධ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䥺 ㌷㝲ࢆࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࡈ⏝❧࡚ᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ㆶࡣ⏑⨾࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᡓ࠸ࡣṇᙜࡔ࡞䣎ࢃࡀᏊࡼ䣍ࡶ࠺㐜࠸ 㛛䣍ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 Ẋࡢ୍ゝ࡛ᗄ༓ࡶ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࡸࡘࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢᚰࡽᮃࡴࡇࢁࢆࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡇ࠺ゝ࠺ ᚚᚰ㛜ࢆࡅ࡚ࡋࡑ࠺ࡽ䣍ㄏᝨ⪅ࡀ᮶ࡓࡒ䣎ࢃ࠸࠸ࢃࡓࡋࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢᙺ❧ࡓࡏࡼ࠺ເ䣬ࡓ㌷㝲ࡀࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ᚅ ᡓᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡔࡀ䣍┦ᑐᓖࡋ䣍⫼ಙ⾜Ⅽࢆ║ຊ࡛ᢚ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛ࡸࡾࡓ࠸䣎㐠ࢆ႐ࡪẼᣢࡕ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍⏨ࡓࡕࡢ୰ࡣ୍㛝ࡢⅆⰼࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡋ䣍 ㏨ࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡞ࡽࡲࡔຊ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡽᡓࡢᗞ࡛ᙼࡽ ᙼࡽࡢ║ᕪࡋ⚾⚾ḧࡸேࡢ 㝎ୗࢆ࠾ຓࡅࡋࡼ࠺䣍䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䥺እฟ࡚䣍ᡬࡢ๓࡛ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࢁ䣎వィ࡞⪅ࡀ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚⬥㐨ࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡲ䣬ࡋࡄࡽ䣍 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⬺ࡂᤞ࡚࡚䥺∗ୖ䣍Ẋ䣎 䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡢࢻࡢ
䢣
ᡬࡀືࡃࡒ 䢣 䢣 ࡔࡀ䣍ᾘ 㛤
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣝࣥࣉࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝࣥࣉ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡶࡢࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚䣍Ỵ╔ࢆࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᣢࡕࡀ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡢኌࢆ⪥ࡉࢀࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞䣍ྲྀḟࡂࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡒ䣎ࡓጤクࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛䣍 ࡈ⮬㌟ࢆࡦ࠸┠㐼ࢃࡏࡓ㝎ୗࡀ࠾ᛮ࠸ ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡉࡒࡸ㎯ᛣࡢ࠾Ẽ࠼ᘵத࠸ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡲࡉࡇࡢ㒊ᒇ࡛ࢃࡊࢃࡊ ᣄ⤯ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡽ䣍 䥹ୗᡭ๓ᬒ⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺ࡢ㑅ᢥࡈྠព࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡾࡋࡲࡏࢇࡼ࠺䣎ࡶ࠺㐜ࡍࡂࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣎ኚࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ㝎ୗࡀࢃࢀࢆᛀࢀ࡚䣍 ㏥ᩓ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡶኚࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ䣍ࢆởࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺࠾Ẽᣢࡕ䣍ࡃ䢣 ࡛ࡍࡀ࠾ 㡹ᅛࡉࡽ⏑ࡉ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ䣍 ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࠸࠺᭱ᝏ ⯆ዧࡍࡿᵓࢃࡎࢇ࡞ឤ ぶឡࡢࡽᛣࡾ 䢣 ࠶ࡢࡓࢆ㏣࠸㏉ࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣎䥹ᡞཱྀࡽᐊෆྥ䣬࡚ゝ࠺䥺∗ୖ㸟䥹ᐁᡣᐊࡉ䣬ධࡾ㎸ࡴ䣎ᙼࡀධ䣬ࡓ࠶ᡬࡀ㛢ࡲࡿ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍࡢࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎
࡞䣬࡚ࡣࡈⱥ᩿࡞ࡶࡣࡸၥ㢟࡛ࡣࡈࡊࡽࢇ䣎 ࡼ࠸䣍ఱࡺ࠼࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎㢗ࡴ䣍ኌࢆపࡃࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 䣍 㝎ୗࡢᚚ⬚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࡈⱥ᩿ࡀ⃭ࡋࡃࡏࡵࡂྜ䣬ࡵ䣬ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸䣎㈗Ẋ࠼䣍㝎ୗᙉせࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢃࡀྩࡢጤクࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡲ࠸䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ᙼࡢ࠺Ṍࡳᐤࡾ䣍ኌࢆࡦࡑࡵ࡚䥺㈗Ẋࡣ䣍㈗Ẋࡢᛅ࿌ࡺ ᚲ↛࠸࠺ ࠾┠㏻ࡾࢆ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣍ࡃࡑࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡣ࠸ࢇ䣍ࡤࡾࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢཷࡅ䥹ᡭࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚䥺࠶࠶䣍࠺䣍ᜟࡳࡢ࠾Ẽᣢࡕ䣍ጾཝ
䢣
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 256
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ➼᪘ࡓࡕࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᚑ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࢆせᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏑࡌ࡚࠾ࢁ࠺䣎⨫ྡධࡾド᭩ࡣࡃࢀ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡇࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࠶䣬࡚ࡋࡃ࡞࠸䣍ࡀ୍⏕㑊ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡀ䣍 ᨭ㓄⪅ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞ࡃᘵࡀ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣎㸟 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡍࡿぢ㏉ࡾᙉせࡋࡓࡇࡢ Ṛ⚄ࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆ㐃ࢀཤ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍䥹᪂ࡓ࡞Ⓨ◙䥺 ே⏕ࡢ⤊ࢃࡿࡁ࡞䣬࡚┠ࡢ๓㏕䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠶䣬࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ఱࡔ䣎䥹ධᐊࡋ䣍ࣝࣥࣉ㏆ᐤ䣬࡚࠸ࡓᚑ䥺ࡔࡔࡅࡣ㟈࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ᘵࡣࡉ ࢆࡵ࡚䣍 ᪩ࡃࡑ࠺䥹㐲࠸◙ኌ䥺ࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇࡔࡢࡔ䣎ࢀ㥅ࡏ࡞ࡀࡽᛮ࠸㉳ࡇࡍࡀࡼ࠸䣎 ᩛᢡࡾࡆ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎⥆ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎㢗ࡾேࡢᚰ♧ࡍࡁࡶࡢࢆ࡛♧ࡍࡀࡼ࠸䣎⮧ୗࡶᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠺ᮙࡕᯝ࡚ࡓࡢࡕ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶࡑࡢሙ❧ࡕ䣬࡚䣍 ᡓ⚝㛛ᡞࢆ㛤ࡅࡤ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽࡣ䣍 ẅே↔⇕ࡀࡇࡢୡᢞ ᖇᅜࡢᰤගࡣ⥆ࡏࡓ࠸䣍 ࡇ࠺࡞ ࠸ࡎࢀ㐜 ࠾ࡢࡀᚰࡢࡳࢆ
ࣦ䣵ࢩ䣷ࣇࣛ䣹ࢺ
䥹ࢆᢤ࠸࡚䥺 ⏕㈈⏘ࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࢃࢀࡽࡀྩ䣍 ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵ ࡶ࠺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡢ๓㏕䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎䥹ᆅᅋኴࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛䥺ࡸࡵࡉࡏ࠸ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎Ⓨ◙ࡣࡸࡵࡉࡏ࠸䣎 ேẅࡋࡔ䣍䥹ࣅࢡ䣹ࡋ࡚䥺ఱࡔ䣎 ෆᡓࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋ
50
ࡢ㜵ቨ㝕ྲྀ䣬࡚䣍 ⏫᥋㏆ࡍࡿᩛࡢ㒊㝲Ⓨ◙ 䢣
ἲ㝔㛗䣍 ࡑ࡞ࡓ⮬㌟䣍 ⏫ࡢእ࡛㐃୰ࡀఱ 䢣 ᛶ᰿ࡣᆘ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡽ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ṇ㠃ࡽྥ࠸ྜ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࢆ㍤ࡏࡓࡽ䣍ࡽࡋࡵ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡢ࠺ࡀࢃࡓࡋࡼࡾࡣࡿᙅ⭜ࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸࠾䣬࡚䣍ࡃ⇞࠼ࡉ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎୰ࡣᮍࡔᨭ㓄⪅ࡢ⾑ࡀⲨࢀ≬䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࢆࡌ䣬ぢୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࠺䣍࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ᖺ⪁࠸ࡓࡇࡢ⬚ࢆ࡞࠾㟷㖡ࡢ㙚ໟࡳ䣍ࡣ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚䣍㐠࡞ṑ∳ࡶࡅ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 ⨫ྡࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍ࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࢆ✀ࡋ࡚䣍Ỵ᩿ࢆࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇࡁࡓࡽ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡓ䣍 ୍Ẹ᪘ࡢ௦⾲⪅ࡔ⮬⛠ࡍࡿࡇࡢ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡠࡋࡀᛮ࠺ၿⰋ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡣᙅ⭜ࡔゝࢃࢀࡿࡀ䣍 ᏊࠎᏞࠎ⥅ᢎࡉࢀࡿ㐠㐠ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡪࡿࡪࡿ㟈࠼ ᅜᐙࡣ⮬ศࡢࡇࡋᛕ㢌࡞ࡃ䣍࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡞䣎 ᙅ⭜ࡔࡠࡍ㐃୰ࡵ䣍ࡩࡓࡾ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ᛣࡾㆶᚰࡀࡇࡢ⬚ࡢ୰࡛⇕䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබⓚᖇࢆ㝖࠸࡚䣍ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 യࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓጾཝἲ㝔㛗䣍ᛴࡆ䣎 ษࡾ⪅ ࡼࡋࡋࡼ࠺䣎䥹➼᪘ࡓࡕ䣍ୗࡀ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ࡇࢁࡀ㧗࠸ᆅ࠸ࡿၿⰋ࡞⏨ 䣍ࡋ࡚䥺⚄ࡀࡈຍㆤࢆ㈷ࡽࢇࡇࢆ䣎ࡀ࠾ࡧ࡞ࡿࡢࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸䣎 ◚ᗮ࡛㧗៏䣍 ࠾ࡢࢀ䢣ࡔ ᠬ ࡇࡢࡽࡔࡢ ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ึࡵ࡚㢪ᮃࡢ್ᡴࡕࡀỴࡲࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 ேࠎࡢ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿᢏⱁࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣேࡢရ᱁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡶࡢࡀ㏻ᖖࡢୡ⏺㏫ࡔ䣎ࡋ࠶ࡓࡾ䣍 ㍍⋡࡞ࡇࡔࡽ ᅜᨻᦠࢃࡿ⏨ࡀ ྜࢃࡎ䣍 䥹➼᪘ࡓࡕ㏥ᐊࢆಁࡍ㌟ࡾࢆ Ọ㐲ࡋ࡞࠸ᢏⱁࡢಟ⦎ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸䣎 ࠸⣧┿࡞ពᛮࡶ↓౯್࡞ࡢ ᡂຌࡀ࠶䣬࡚ ᡂຌ࡞ࡋࡣ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࣑࡛࣎࣊ࡺ䣬ࡓࡾࡃࡘࢁ࠸࡛䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣேᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿၿⰋ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎Ẋ䣍ᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ䣎
䢣 ទᛌ࡞ࡇࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࠾ࡠࡋࡣྏࡽࢀ
䢣 ࡢ⪅ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 257
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡿ䣎ࡋࡽ࡞ᛮࡢࡓࡵᩛ᪉ศࡓࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ⤖ࡧྜࢃࡏࡿ䣎ࡸ䣍࿌Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎 ࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡀࡑࡢᏑᅾド᫂࡞ࡿࡀࡺ࠼䣍⌮⏤ṇᙜᛶࡣ䣍ࡁࡀ࠸ᙳ㡪ࡋ䣍ࡘᐇࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍ࡘᨭ࠼ྜ࠸䣍యࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ䣎ࡑࡢᣢࡕࡇࡓ࠼ࡿ䣎ࢆᘬࡁᐤࡏ䣍࡚䣍ᒣࡸ㇂䣍ᕝࡸⲡཎࡢ⤌ࡳࢆぢࡼ䣎ᒣࠎࡣ䣍ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣ⚼ᒣ࡛ࡶ䣍㞼 ࡇࡢ⤎ࡣㄡࡶព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ䣍 ⌧ᐇࡀࡑ࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿ䣎 ཌࡉࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍 Ἠࡣ⮬ࡽࡣᐇࢆ⤖ࡤࡎࡶ䣍࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ㇂㞵ࢆ㝆ࡽࡏࡿ䣎ࡸࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ䣍ᩘὴຍࢃࢀࡌࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡽᕷሙࡧฟࡋ䣍 ⮬ࡽࢆ᫂ࡍࡇ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡢហ࡞㍮≉ᐃࡢ౯್ほࢆ྿ࡁ㎸ࡵ䣎࡛ࡉ࠼ཿᬛࡶᑾࡁᯝ࡚࡚ኌ࡞ࡃ❧ࡕᑾࡍࡇࢁࡲ࡛᮶ࡓࡽ䣍 ࠸ࡎࢀ䣍 ᳃ࡣఱ࡛ࡶ㣧ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ᙉᭀ࡞ᔒࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ䣎ࡍࡿᗘࡣ䣍⮧ୗࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ⬣ጾ࡞ࡿࡒ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㈼⪅ ∗ࢆᑛᩗࡍࡶྩ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ᐇࢆ⫱ࡴ䣎 ຎ䣬ࡓ⪅ࡋ࡚ᚑᒓࡉࡏࡼ࠺┠ㄽࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ ࡲࡓ⏕ࡌࡿࡸྰྫྷࡶࡋࡓࡢ䣎 ࡑࡢ⚊ࢆ຺ᐃධࢀ䣍ぢࡿࡽ᫂░࡞ୡ⏺┠ࢆจࡽࡋ ࡇࡢ⪷࡞ࡿ⤎ࢆᙧࢆྲྀࡿᜏᖖⓗ࡞ེࡔࡒ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣࡑࡢ㐃୰ࢆ⮬ศྠ➼ᢅ䣬࡚࠼ࡓࡕࡢᩍ⩏ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ⣮ࢀ㎸ࡴᜍࢀࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡉ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㧗ࡁప࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶ㈐௵ࢆྲྀࡿࡁ⮧ୗࡀ࠸ࡿ䣎 ྩࡤࢀࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡦࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍࠶ࡎࡉࡾࡋ䣍ᚑྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎ᚑ䣍ฟ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍 ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࡶἲࡶࡋ࡚ከ ᭹ᚑࢆᣄࡴ࠸࠺᫂ⓑ࡞ᶒࢆ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ⮬ศ࡛ฟࡋࡓࡇࡢࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍 ࡑࡢ㍮ࢆ⏿ ࡦࡾࡦࡾ ࢃࡓࡋᢠ ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣἲ࠸࠺ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ ࡁࡕࢇ ࡑࢀ࠾ࡲ 䢣 ࡔࡀ䣍∗ࡣཝ᱁ࡔ䣎ẕࡢࡇࡣឡࡍࡿ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡀே㛫ࢆྠ⬊ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾぢ࡞࠸࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍⓗ䥹ඛࢆㄞࢇ࡛䥺ࡇࢀࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸Ⅼࡔࡀ䣍㝖ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࢀࡣఱࡔ䣎ࡣ࠸ࢇ䣎
䢣 ఱࡼࡽࡎ䣍࠶࠸ࡓࡏ䣎
䢣 ẕࡣຊࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠾
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ௦㆟ဨ ᢲࡍ㉥࠸⮞ࡔࡽ࡞䣎࠸ࡓࡒ䣎࠼ࡓࡕࡣṚࢇࡔᡭࡢṚࢇࡔᏐ㠃ࢆಙࡌࡿࡢࡔࡽ䣍ࡽఏ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍 ẸࡽẸᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍࠸䣎ࡿࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ឡῬ࠸ࡓ⪥ཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿ⏕ࡁࡓᬮ࠸ゝⴥࡼࡾ䣍ࡓࢇෆ㒊ࡽศࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ䣍ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺▱ࢀ䣎ࡢ᰿ࡀ䣍 ⚄ࡢ┿⌮ࢆᤐࡡࡃࡾ㏉ࡑ࠺࡞࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ୖࡀࡾࡣࡼࡍࡀࡼ㔜ࡳᡴࡕ䣬࡚ᯞࢆᗈࡆࡿᮌࡢࡼ࠺࡞䣎ᩍ⩏ࡀ┿࡛࠶ࢀࡤ䣍 ྂࡃࡽఏࢃ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣬ࡾࡋࡓ☜࡞ࡶࡢࢆࡍ࡚ࡤࡽࡤࡽ▱ᜨࡀᮙࡕᯝ࡚࡚ᇙࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⎰♟ࢆぢ࡚➗࠺ࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎㛫ࡢᑠ㈼ࡋ࠸ᡤᴗࡀࡇࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ᨭ࠼ࢆ◚ቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ᏊᏞࡣ࠸ࡘ䣍 ࠺ࡋ࡚㡿ࡽ ᝨࡣᝨࡑࡢࡶࡢࡋ⏕ࡲ࡞࠸䣎࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ⓑ࠸⣬㯮࠸ᩥᏐࢆ᭩ࢀࡣᮍࡔ 㖄࡛ 䣬ࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸ᗏ▱ࢀࡠ῝ῡே㛫ࡢᚰࡽᯫࡅࡿᶫ ࡶ࠺⏽ᛧ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆ∗♽ࡶಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣᏑ⥆ࡍࡿ䣍࠾࠾䣍ᙅ࠸ࡀ䣍⮬㌟ᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡺࡃឤ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸䣎 ࡇࢀࡽࡢᨭᰕࢆㄪࡓࡾᨵⰋࡋࡓࡾ࡞ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎࡚ࡶ▱䣬ࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ឡࡋ䣍ᕼᮃࡋ䣍ಙ௮ࡍࡿ Ᏹᐂࡢ୍㒊ࡔឤࡌࡿᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ㠃ᛶࡢドᕥࡔ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ྡḧᜍᛧᚰ࡞␒ၥ࠺ࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࠶ࡓࡶ▼ᢲࡋࡘࡪࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ䣍 ࡋࡋ䣍࠾࠸࡚࠸㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶ䣎 ⏽ᛧࡢᛕࡀ࠸䣬 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࡾ䣍ᚰᙅ࠸ࡀ䣎ᘵࡀே㛫ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓ࠸䣍ゝື ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 ᏊᏞࡶᑗ᮶ྠࡌ㐨ࢆṌࢇ࡛⾜ࡃࡇ䣍 ேࢆ㨩ࡍࡿఱࡸࡸࡣ䣍 ࡑࡢᮌ 㤳➽ࡢ⑪ࡣ㨩ຊ࡞ࡾ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 ዪᚰចࢀࢀࡤ䣍 ࡢே㛫䣬࡚ఱ࡛࠶䣬 ே ே㛫ࡣࡦࡾ࡛ࡣ ⮬ศࡢಙࡌ࡚ ゝㄒ㞀ᐖࡶ㡢ᴦᛮ䣬 ࡇ ࡑࡢዪࡀዪࡢ୰୍࡛
ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ☜ࡓࡿᆅ┙࡛࠶ࡿࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䢣 ᩥ᭩ࡔ㸽䥹ᛴ࠸࡛⨫ྡࡍࡿ䥺ࡉ࠶䣍⨫ྡࡋࡓࡒ䣎ឡࡢ࠶ࡿཱྀ ࠾ࡲࡅ⾑࡛ᑒ༳ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎 ⾑ࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿბ┿ᐇࡢⅹ༳ࢆ
49䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ಙ௮ࡣ⮬ศ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 258
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ௦㆟ဨ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ
ࢃࡵ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎᪂ᩍࡶ᪂ᩍᚐࡶẅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ䣍ࡲࡏࢇ ࠼ࡓࡕࡀษᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆࢃࡓࡋࡢពᛮ࡛ᢎㅙࡍࡿ⣙᮰ࡍࢀࡤ䣎 ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍࡚ࡸࢀࡿ䣎㏞ዶࡽᏲ䣬࡚ࡸࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࡓࡕࡣ࠶ࡢ୰࡛㢪䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᡭධࢀࡿ䣎 ࡈࢁࡣᢠࡍࡿ⪅ࡣ㏣ᨺࡉࢀ࡚䣍 ࡇ࠺ゝ࠼ࡤ‶㊊䣎ᑐ➼࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿࡼ࠺せồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶ࡢᩥ᭩ࡔ䣎 ㏞ዶࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶಙ௮ࡿ䣎㉳ࡇࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡇࡑ⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࡣࡇࡇᩘ᭶䣍ࡵ࡞ࡃⲨࢀ≬࠺࠺ࡕ⎰ゎࡉࡏࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ䣍 ᅜෆࡢ✜࡞✵Ẽࡀ㙠ࡲࢀࡤ┤ࡕ䣍࡛ᦨࢇࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⫢ᚰ࡞ࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎࠶ࢁ࠺ࡶࡢ䣍࠼ࡓࡕᣄࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢ䣍 ⚄ࡀᵓ⠏ࡋ䣍⮬ศ࡛⮬ศࢆᾘཤࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ེࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡎ῭ࡴࡼ࠺ࡣࡋ ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㒊ᒇ⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡿࡀ䣍 ⨬ࡾࡕධࡿឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡶ䣍 ࡑࢀࢆࢃࡓࡋࡽ᥆ࡵྲྀࡿࡁ䣬ࡅࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣ⮬ศࡢᡭࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣዲࢇ࡛ⴿࡽࢀࡓࡀࡿࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ✵࡞ࢮࣟࡔ䣎 ᅜᐙࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈼᫂࡞⛛ᗎࡢᒇྎ㦵ࢆ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࢆࡶ࠺ࡇࢀ௨ୖ䣍⛯ࢆẸࡽྲྀࡾ❧࡚࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ེࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣࡢᩥ᭩ࡢ୰᭩࠸࡚࠶䣍Ẹࡣ ேẅࡋ▷ยࢆ✺ࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࡶᣄࡴ࡛ࡢ䣎 ࠾ࡲ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࢆ⏦ࡍࡢࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡤࡾ࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡴࡋࢁࡇ࠺ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࠶ࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ䣍 ᪂ᩍࡢಙ௮ࢆ ࠸ࡊィ⟬ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡾ⟬ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ Ẹࡢࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡓゝ࠺ࡢ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ࠾ࡲ ⮬ศࡣᩘࡢ࠺ Ẹ࡞䣎 ࡋࡿ 㯲䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎ࢃࡓࡋࢆಙ⏝ࡏࢇࡢ䣎 㝎ୗࢆ࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍 ࣐ࢻࣜ䤀ࢻࣟ䤀࣐ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣಙ⏝࡛ࡁ 47䣎 䢣
ࡴࡇ࠺ࡢゝ࠺ࡇ⪥ࢆഴࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠺ࡢ᫇ Ẹ䣎ࡩࡴ䣍Ẹ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕ䣍ᨭ㓄⪅ࡢᶒࡋ࡚༑ศࡢ୍
ᚑࣝࣥࣉ ᚑ
䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉࡀⓚᖇྥ䣬࡚ᩘṌ㏆࡙ࡃࡢ࡛䥺㢪࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎ㄡࡶẼ࡙ࢀࡎࡈ฿╔࠶ࡑࡤࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡢ⨨❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺䥹ࡇࡢ䣍ࡔ䣎ឡࡲ࡛ࡢ࠺䣎 ᚑࡀୗᡭࡢᡬࡽࡍ䣬ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䣍㛤࠸࡚ㄞࡴ䥺ࡃⅎ⇕ࢆ㟼ࡵࡿ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡑࡢỏ℃ࡣゝ࠼ࡤ⾗ហᨻ࡞ࡢࡔ᮶ࢆ⇞ࡸࡋᑾࡃࡋࡓ࠶䣍ࡇࡢᕳ≀ࡽ㣕ࡧฟࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡑࢀࡺ࠼䣍 ᭩ࡁฟࡋࡣ࠾Ỵࡲࡾࡢࡋ࠸ᩥゝࡔ䣎ࡍᕳ≀ࢆࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥࡽྲྀ䣬࡚䥺ಙࡢẼᣢࡕࡀ࠶䣬࡚ᙜ↛ࡔ䣎ᩥ᭩ࢆΏࡏ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢዲពࡢ༳ࢆせồࡍࡿࢃࡅ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍⫋ົࡣኳጤࡡ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ࡑࡋ࡚⥭ᛴࡢࡈᣏㅜࢆࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡔ䣎 ኳࡢἨࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣀࡢὥỈࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡀಙࡢẼᣢࡕࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡽࡣ䣍 ㄆࡵࡣࡋ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ṇᙜㄆࡵࢀࡤ䣍Ꮡᅾࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡽࡔ䣎 ๓ᬒ࠸ࡿⓚᖇᑐ⛠ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕᩍ⩏ࢆྠࡌ䣮࠺ࡍࡿ௰㛫ࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡇࡢୡࡢ⫋ົࢆᛀࢀࡲ࠸ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ᩍᚐࡢᏊᘵࡀ࠸ࡿࡋ䣍 ࡲࡿ࡛䣍ఱே ㄔᐇࡔࡢឡ╔ࡔࡢ࡞ࢇࡨࡢሀࡉᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚䣍 Ⲩࠎࡋࡃఱ࡛ࡶ㣗࠸ᑾࡃࡍ⅖ࡀ ࡑࡢ⅖ࡀୡ⏺࠶ࡽࡺࡿᮍ ᩥ᭩ࢆࡃࢀ䣎 䥹ᑠጣࡀࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚ᕪࡋฟ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢࢃࡓࡋࡢேࡲ࡛ࡶ ࡼ࠺ࡸ ௨๓ࡢ≀ྠࡌෆᐜ࡛ࡣ ∗ぶࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඃࡋࡉࢆࡶ䣬࡚ᡃ៏ࡋ࡚ࡸ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡶ ࢃࡓࡋࡣᡃ៏ࡣࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ኳ㛵ࡍࡿ ṇᙜ
⫪ࢆࡍࡃࡵࡿࡢ䣎 ࠺ࡴ䣍 ▷ยࢆႃඖ✺ࡁࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎
㠀ᖖᛴ࠸࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡢࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබẊୗࡀ㞃ᐦ䣍 ࡶᛮࡢࡓࡵ㏕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ㌷㝲ࡶጤဨࡶ᪂ 䥹ྠᵝᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡔ䣎
48 䣎䥹ᩥ᭩ࢆ 䢣
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 259
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ
࣐ࣥࢺࡶᣢ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍ࡸࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎ࡸࡵࡉࡏࡡࡤ䣎ࡾᆏࡽୖࡾᆏྥࡁ┤䣬࡚ࡶ࠺㏨ࡆ࡚⾜䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ᐁᡣᐊࡢ୰㏥ሙ䥺බ∖⮬ࡽࡈ㊊ປࡃࡔࡉࡿ䣎ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡀᐁᡣᐊྥ䣬࡚ࡺࡃࡢ࡛䥺ࡀ䣎 ᐹࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ㏻ࡾ䣍࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ㸟ࢆᚓࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎⋤ෙࢆྲྀࡾཤࡿࡢࡶ⚄ࡢࡳ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡇ䣎ࡲࢀኚࢃࢀࡿ䣎ࡋࡋ⋤ෙࡀ⚄ࡽᤵࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ┿ᐇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ࡾⴠࡋ࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ࡔ䣎 ୡ⏺ࡣ䣍ࡀ㔜Ⲵࢆࡋࡓࡓ㈇࠼ࡿศ䣬࡚࠸࡚ࡶ䣍ᛮ࠺䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢยࡣࡇࡔ䣎 ࡑࢀศඛ㢌❧䣬࡚ฟྥࡁ䣍䣎 ࡇࡢࡾ㧗࠸ᨭ㓄ᶒࡀࢃࡓࡋࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅࡿࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡉ࡚䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠺ࡣ㟷ᖺࡢࡇࢁࡢᜥ྿くࢃࢀ࡚䣍䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࡼ䣍 ࡚ࡣᡃ៏࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍㞟ᅋ࡞ࡿື≀ୡ⏺ఝ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ㸟 ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᬡࡣࡃ୍ಶࡢே㛫ࡋ࡚⏕ེ⪅┿䣬ྥࡽ䣍ࡢẸࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ពぢࢆ㏙ࡿጤဨࢆ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎 ⮬ࡽࡢᡭ࡛ྲྀࡾཤࡿࡢࡣ䣍ᾋࡪពᆅᝏ࠸➗࠸㢦ࡣぢࡓࡃ࡞࠸䣎ࡳ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺 ࡛ࡶࡑࡢᖺྲྀ䣬ࡓྑᡭ࡛ࢆࡾᅇࡍຊࡣ࠶ࡿ ᨭ㓄ᶒ࡞གྷ≀ᢅ࠸ࡋ࡚ ⬚ࡀᝏࡃ࡞ࡿ䣎 ┠ⓗࡣఱࡔ䣍 ᙜ ࢃࡀᐇ┤࡞ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ ၥ࠺࡚ࡸࢁ࠺ ࠶ࡊࡅࡾࡢ⾲ࡣぢࡓࡃ࡞࠸䣎 ࡇࡢ⫪ 㐃୰ࢆࡇࡇ䣎 ே㛫ࡣಶேࡋ ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 ཌࡲࡋ࠸㢠 ࡍ࡚ ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᙼࡽࢆゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎
䥹㏻⏝ཱྀྥ䣬࡚䥺 ㄡࡶࢃࡓࡋࡢゝⴥ⪥ࢆ㈚ࡉࢇࡢ䣎 ୗ ᮘࡶࡓࡏࡅ࡚࠶ࡿ䣍 ࡉ䣬ࡁࡲ࡛ࡣ࣋䣹ࢻࡔ䣬ࡓ
ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ
௦⾲⪅ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ➨ࡢ⪅
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍ࡃ䣎 ゝㄽಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤࠸࠺ㄡ䣬࡚ࡶ࠾ࡢࡀ㌟௨ୖษ࡞ࡶྥࡅࡽࢀ䣍ࢆႥࡂྲྀࡾ䣍࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡑࡢ⥲ᖊ࡞䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢃࡀᅜࡢ᮲௧ࡸἲᚊࡢᨵኚ⧅ࡀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ゝ࠺⪅ࡶ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡿ䣍 እᅜ㌷ࡀධࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡤ䣍 ୰ࡣ䣍Ẋࡣ䣍 ࡈᏑࡌ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࡇࡢᅜ࡛ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ䣍㞄ࡢ⪅ㄒࡽࡏࡼ䣎 㝎ୗጤクࢆཷࡅࡓホ㆟ࡢࡦࡑࡸ࡞ྜពࡢໝ࠸࠸ࡽ࡞䣎㈗බࡣ࠸ࢇ䣍䥹ࡦࡾࡀṌࡳฟࡓࡢ࡛䥺ᙼࡽࡢᮃࡳࡀఱ䣍ᑜࡡࡼ䣎 㦁ᨐࢆ㠃ⓑࡀ䣬࡚䣍 ยࡢ▩ඛࡀࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶࡢ࠺ ㌷ࡀṊࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࣁྥ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ጣࡀ࠸࡚䣍 㞄ᅜࡢቃ⏺ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓࡇࢁ࡛ఱࡀฟ᮶ࡋ࡚࠸ ࢺ䣶ࣝࣥ∖䣎䥹ⓚᖇ䣍⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䣎ᩘேࡢ࣑࣎࣊ࡢ➼᪘䣍ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ᙼࡽࡢ๓ᑠ ᙜᆅ࡛Ẹࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲືᦂࡋ࡚ࡀࡶࡢࢆゝ࠺䣎 ࣅࣟ䤀ࢻࡢࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥࡢୖ⨺⓶⣬ࡢᕳ≀ࢆࡢࡏ࡚ᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࡁ≀ࡢㄪࢆቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎 ࡢࡇࡢࡇࡸ䣬࡚᮶ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡇࡢᅵᆅࡢ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍సࡽࢀࡿࡀ䣍࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠸ࡿ䣎ࡿእほࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ẅேරჾ࡞䣬࡚䣍 ล࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣṤே㛫ኚࢃࡽࡠࡶࡢࡔࡽࡔ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබຓࡅࡽࢀ࡚࣐ࣥࢺࢆ⫪ࡅ࡚ࡢࡕ䥺ยࡣ⨨࠸ 㝎ୗ ࣑࣎࣊ே࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡇࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ୡ⏺ࢆศࡉࡏ䣍ࡢ⪅䣍 ࢃࢀࡽࡩࡓࡾࡔࡅࡀ䣍 ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏕ ᭹ࡢෆ❶ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ ࠺ࡓࡵ ㊊㡢ࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ䣎 ࡉ࠶䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⏝ពࡣ࡛ࡁࡓ䣎 ඃࡋࡉࡀᙺ❧ࡓࡡࡤ䣍
46
ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍ࡇࡢེࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢㄏᝨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 䥹⊂ࡾゝࡢࡼ࠺䥺 ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ྜពࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᶵᐦ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣍䥹๓Ṍࡳฟ࡚䥺 ྩࡓࡿᅜ⋤ࡋ࡚ⓚᖇ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ㝎ୗ䣎
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 260
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ
ᖇᅜࡽࡶ䣍ࡣⓚᖇ㝎ୗ♩ࢆኻࡋ࡚࡛ࡍ䣎 ᖇᅜࡢ៧៖ࡍࡁែࡽࡶ㏨ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡸ䣍 ⏫ࡣືᦂࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎බẊୗࡣࡦࡑࣈࣝࣀࡽࢱ䤀࣎ࣝ ེ㌷ࡢྜὶ࡛රຊࢆᙉࡵ䣍㛶ୗ䣍 ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣍࡞ࡉ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎 ᐉゝࡀ⾤ゅᥖ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡈࢁ࡞䣬࡚ࡃศࡾࡲࡋࡓࡒ䣎 ⨥࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᑼᣔ࠸ࡣࡈචࡔ䣎ୡ⏺ⴠࡕ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎 ㌷㝲ࢆ⋡࠸࡚ࣉࣛࣁ㏆࡙࠸࡚᮶ࡿࡢࡣᦂࢀ࡚䣍⛗ࡢ㔪ඛࢆᥱ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ⾑ࡲࡳࢀࡢṚࡢ㐠ࡀ䣍ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛䣍▷ยࢆࡾᅇࡋ࡚⬣ࡋࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡋࢃࡓࡋࡀᙅ࠸Ṛࡍࡁே㛫࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 ࡑࡢᐉゝᩥゝ࠸᮶࡚ࡶ䣍┦ᡭࡏࢇࡽ࡞䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢀࡽࡣ୍ษ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀⲨ䣬ࡱࡃ㏕䣬࡚ࡘࡘ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡔࡽ䣍 ᆒ⾮ࢆኻ䣬ࡓ୧᪉ࡢ─ࡽࡇࡢ༴࠺࠸࠾࠸䣍ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ䣍ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࢞ࣥࢢ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣎 㑧㨱ࡣࡉࢀࢇࡒ䣎 ⚄࡛࡞࠸ࡇࡀ ࡇࡢ㤋ࡀ⅖ໟࡲࢀ࡚䣍 㔪 䣓Ẋ䣍 ⅆ࡛ࡍ䣔 ἲ㝔㛗 შ↽ࡽࢀ࡚䣍ྠᵝཧෆࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋ䣍 ࡶ࠺ࡇࡇ᮶ࡽࢀ࡚䣍 ࢫ࣌ࣥᗈ㛫࡚➼᪘ࡢࡓࡀࡓヰࢆ 䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺࠶࠶䣍䥹ྠᵝ䥺බ∖ࡉࡲࡣࡈᏑࡌ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇࡣ䣍ㄡࡀヰࡋࡅ
ࡑࡢᐉゝࡢෆᐜࡣ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡒ䣎➼᪘ࡔ㸽 ᖺᐤࡾࡢࢃࡓࡋࡀពᚿⷧᙅ࡛䣍44ࢆ䣎 ࡼࢁ࠺䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ䣍 ࡇࡇᩘ᪥ࡢሗ࿌᭩䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀៅ㔜ᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡓࡓࡏ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡑࢀ᭩≧ࡢ㢮ࡶᐁᡣᣢ䣬࡚᮶࠸䣎 ࡑ 䥹ࣝࣥࣉᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ䣍࠶䣬ࡓ䣎
䢣 䥹ධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺㝎ୗ䣎
45⛣ື࡞ࡉࢀࡓ䣎 ࡑࡇࡽẊୗࡣ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ
㐨ࢆఱࡰ࠺䣎࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ࠺䣎ࢆࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡘࡲࡾᙼࡽࡀᐇ┤࡞ࡿࡣ┦ࡋ࡚᠁࠺ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ䣍ࡢ⛛ᗎࡢࡋ⤮࡞ࡍࡇ䣍 䥹ᡬྥ䣬࡚ᩘṌṌ࠸࡚ࡽ䣍❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍㊊ࢆ㋃࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡤ࠾ᮃࡳࡢࡇࢆ䣍ᚚᅜࡢࡶࡢࢆ࠾㏉ࡋࡋࡲࡍ䣍 䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆࡧࡪࡾ䥺ᐇ┤࡞➼᪘ࡢࡇࢁ⾜ࡇ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋ⮬㌟ࡢࡣ䣍ࡇࡢୡ⏺ࢆ㙾࡞ࡋ䣍࠶࡞ࡓࡢຊࡣ࠶ࡊ➗ࢃࢀ䣍ྡࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢྡࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࠸࠺㔜ࡢ௵ົ䣍ࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍 ⚄ࡼ䣍䣬ࡓ䣎 ே▱ࡢཬࡤࡠ㐨ࢆ㏻䣬࡚┠ⓗᆅࡲ࡛࠾㐠ࡧ࡞ࡿࡇ ṇࡸษࡾᝨࢃࡉࢀࡎ䣍࠶ࡢࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍 ⃭ࡋࡃ䥺 ࡈຓຊࡃࡔࡉࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍 䥹ⱞࠎࡋࡆ䥺 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶ᭱᪩ࡇࢀࢆᢸ࠺ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡲ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࠶࡞ࡓࡇࡑᙉ⪅࡛࠶ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎 ࢃࡓࡃࡋ௵ົࢆ࠾࠼࡞䣬ࡓ⬟ࡢ⚄ࡼ䣍 ᙼࡽಙ௮ࡍࡿᶒࡣಖ㞀ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍௦ࡢࡈධ᮶ࡔ䣎 ᙼࡽࡣዎ⣙ࢆ⤖ࡪⰋ࠸₻ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎࠺ព㆑ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ䣎ࡼࢁ࠺䣎㛛ࡀ㛤ࡃ䣎ᜍࡿࡁ ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡾ䣍 ᖹ༠ㄪࡀ⪥ࢆᡴࡘ䣎 ࡑࡢⅆ✀ࡀḟࡣᆅ㞾ࢆ⇿◚ࡉࡏ䣍ኴ㰘ࡢ㎘ࡁࡸᡓ㜚ࡢࡊࢃࡵࡁࡀክࡢ⥆ࡁࡢࡼ࠺┠ぬࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡓࡋࡢ࠺ᗃ㟋ࡣ㏣࠸ࡅ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࡑࢀ䣍ኪ䣍㉳ࡁ࡚ᐷᗋࡢୖᗙ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣍 ࡇࡢ㔜ࡳࢃࡓࡃࡋ ࡚࡚ຍ࠼࡚䣍ࡋ䣍 ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀ ࢃࡓࡋࡀ୍␒ዟࡢ㒊ᒇࡲ࡛㏨ࡆ㞃ࢀࡋࡼ࠺䣍 ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ ᧕ࡡࡘࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ ࠺⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍 䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱ ኳྥࡅ࡚ࡼࡵࡏࡿࡢࡔ࠸ ⾜ືࡢ୰ⅆ✀ࡀ࠶ ⾑ሬࡽࢀࡓᮍ᮶࠸ ➼᪘ࡣఱࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ⨫ྡධࡾࡢᩥ᭩ࢆ⨺⓶⣬ࡃࡿࡳ䣍 ࢡ䣹ࢩ䣼ࣥࡢࡏ࡚ᤝࡆᣢ䣬࡚ 䢣 ࡑࢀࡣ௨๓䣍 ᙼࡽࡀࢃࡓࡋᢎㅙࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓສチ≧ࡔ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ᮏᙜࡣࡓࡔ
䢣 ࡑࢀ䣍 ⚾⚾ḧ㈾ࡋࡉࡢ㏻䣬࡚ࡺࡃ㑧 䢣 ྡࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿࡣ࠸࠼
䢣 ᛅᐇ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 261 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࣜ䤀⋤ࡔ㸽 ࢀ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⋤ࡤࢀ࡚ᢿᡭ႑㔗ࡢḼ㏄ࢆཷࡅࡲࡋࡓ䣎ูⲮࡢ㛫࡚ᘵࡂࡳබᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍࢘䣵䤀࡚ࣥᒃྜࢃࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎୧࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ㠀ࡶ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸䣎ࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡿࡇࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡀࡼ࠸䣎ࡀኪࡢ࠺ࡕṚࢇࡔ⪥ࡋࡓࡽ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍ࡶࡼ࠸ࡒ䣎䢣 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆࡈࡃ㉁ᐇ࡞⏨ぢ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍ࡣယࢀ࡞ࡶࡢࡼ䣎ᛀࢀࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍᐀ὴࡢᩘࡔࡅໃຊᅪࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ䣍ࡢ䣎 ࡸࡘࢆ⟽ධࡾፉࡢࡼ࠺ὀពࡋ࡚ぢᙇࡿࡽ࡞䣎 ࣇࣛࣥࢫࢠࣜࢩ䣺ࡸࢫ࣌ࣥࡢࡶࡢࡶ࠸ࢇࡢ䣎 ࡑࢀࢆ⪏࠼ᚸࢇࡔࡾ䣍ࡔࡀ䣎 ྡࡣ≢⨥䣍࠺ࡽඛ⛉ࢆసࡿ࡞ࡋ࡚䣍 ᡭࢆ䣬࡚ࡸࡵࡉࡏ ఱࢆぢࡓࡢ ་⪅ࡢྡࡣฮ⨩ࡔᛮ࠺ ࠸ࡎࢀࡸࡘ ࠶ࡢ⏨ࡢᚰࢆࡑࡑ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡋ࡚ࡢヰ ࡲ࡛ࡶᵝࠎࡔ䣎 ࡲ࠶ࡼࢁ࠺䣎 ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢࡇࡣ௨ᚋ䣍 ᚰ㓄ࡏࡎ
䢣 ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡌ࡚ࡽࡔ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺࡛ࡣࡇࢀ࡛࠾ᬤ࡛ࡁࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡲࡉ䣎බࡢࡣᗈ㛫ධࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣍බࡢྡ࡛ᛅㄔࡢㄋ࠸ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡓࡋᘵࡔ䣎 ࡑࢀࡼࡾ᪩ࡃࡶ㐜ࡃࡶ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබᑐࡋ࡚䥺 ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ㈗᪘ྲྀࡾᕳ ࣁࣥ࢞ ᛅㄔࡢㄋ࠸ࡢࡇ࡛㸽ࡑ࠺䣎୧ᙧⰍࡾ䣯࠺ࡅ࠸ࡋࡁཱྀᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡞䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ㸽 ࡞ࡺ࠼࣑࣎࣊ࡢ᐀ὴ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇྥ㐪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࢻࢶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠸ࢇ
࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡽ᮶ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎 ࡢᆅ࡛㉳ࡇ䣬࡚࠸ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ⋤ᚋ⥅⪅࡛ࡶぢ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࡢ
ὴ
41࡛ࡍ䣎࣑࣎࣊ࡢ᐀ὴ࡛ࡍ䣎
䢣
┿⌮
42ࡀ䣍
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ
䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡀ㏥ᐊࡋ䣍ᡬࡀ㛤࠸ࡓࡲࡲ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛䥺ࡢㆤ⾨ࢆ࠶࡚ࡍࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎䣬࡚䥺ࡼ䣍ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎ୗࡀ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡒ䣎ࡑࢀ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᏊ౪ࡣࢃࡓࡋ࠼ࢀࡤ⪃࠼ࡿ䣍༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣࡀᮏ≀࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎࡞࠸ຬẼ⾜ືຊࢆࡸࡘࡢඃᰂ᩿࡞ᚰὀࡂ㎸ࢇࡔࡽ䣎࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡢࡓ㠃ㄯࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡢᩍ༊ࡢࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ⾜䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ṧࡽࢀ࡚䣍ᅜቃࡢེ㌷ࡸࡘࡢེࡶ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎ࡣࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䣎Ẽࡀ࡞࠸䣎 ࠶ࡢࡓࡣබẊୗࡢ୍␒ࡢഃ㏆࡛ࡈࡊ 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉྥ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢே㛫ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡍ䣎ᘵࡂࡳࡣඛ㡭䣍ฟ❧࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎࡚㏄࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䥺ࢃࡅࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵྠࡌ᐀ὴࡢಙᚐࡽ䣍 ⪃ Ⅼ࡛ࡲࡔ☜ᐇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ᵝࠎ࡞ࡇᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣎 ࡼ䣍 ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᩍࡣᘵࡂࡳᑐࡋ࡚㛤ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ ጞࡵࡣࡍࡤࡸࡃࡶ䣍 ឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎 ࡼࡃศ䣬ࡓ䣎 ⱞࡋ࠸ࡢᩆୡ䣍 ⾜ື Ḽኌࢆࡶ䣬 ࣦࣔࣛ䣵ࡣ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎
䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබྥ䣬࡚䥺ࣈࣝࣀ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎࡞ࡐࡲࡓ䣎බẊୗࡣฟ❧࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡔ㸽 Ᏻ࡞ㆤ⾨ࢆ࠾㢗ࡳࡍࡿࡓࡵ䣍 ࠶ࡢᝏ㈼࠸ᆓࡀࡸࡘ䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䥺⾜ࡃඛࡣᏑࡌࡲࡏࢇ䣎ฟ❧㸽 ᇳົ௦⾜ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྖᩍࡀ ࡁ䣬࢘䣵䤀ࣥᡠ䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍 ┤᥋࠶ ࣈࣝࣀ࡛ᘵࡂࡳࡢධᇛࢆぢࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡸࡘࡣຬ ᘵࡂࡳࡣࡾ ࡇࡔ䣎
43Ẽ⬦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࢃࡓࡋ㏣ᨺฎศࢆཷࡅ࡚⮬ศ 䢣
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 262 ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡢ⏫࡛Ⲩࢀ≬䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎⏺ེࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎࡞ࢁ࠺࡞䣎ࡾࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࡢኪࡢ㜌ࢆ↷ࡽࡋฟࡍࡢࡔࡼ䣎ወ㊧ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ⏨࡛࡞䣍ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ᐦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ེࡣࡍ࡛㌼ࢆゎࢀ䣍䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ពぢࢆゝ࠺䣎 ࢫࢥ䣹ࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ䣵䤀 ኳᆅ㐀ࡢኪධࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛䣍࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ ஒ㣗ࡸ᪥㞠࠸ேࡀ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡇࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ⛎ ࡇࡢୡ⏺ࡑࡢ⬣ጾࡓࡌࢁࡄࡇࡣ ㏆㡭ࡣࡎ࠸ࡪࢇຮᙉࡋࡓ䣎 ࠾ࡲࡅ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⋤ࡣယࢀ࡞ࡶࡢࡼ䣎⤖♫ࡀ༠㆟ࡋ䣍ྜὶ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 㝎ୗࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡶᙼࡢᩍ࠼ࡀ᪂ࡓάⓎ࡞䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡇࡇࡢࡇࢁᐇἑᒣࡢࡇࢆ∦࡙ࡅࡡࡢẸࡣ㡹㏞ࡔࡀᛅᐇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡒ䣎 ⚄ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡓග࡛ ࠶ࢇ࡞⏨ࡀࡦࡃࢀࡿ䣎 ୡ㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ▱ࡋࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⠇✰࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࡚⾜㌷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣉࣛࣁ࡛ࡍ࡛࠸ࡃࡘࡢ
㝎ୗࡣษࡽࢀ䣍 ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣࡇ࠺ゝ࠸䣍 㝎ୗࡣᏛࡤࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍䢣 ⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣍䥹ᡬྥ䣬࡚䥺࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࡢࡇࢆఅࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ࠶࠶ゝ࠺䣎ࡾࢃࡅ᫇ࡢಙᛕᑐࡋ࡚ᛅᐇ࡛ࡍ䣎 ୡ Ẋ䣎࠾ࡠࡋࡣ⮬ศࡀఱࢆゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢศ䣬࡚࠸࡞࠸䣎 㝎ୗሗ࿌ࡀୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡸ䣍࠶ࢀࡣᘵࡂࡳࡢࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀㌷࡛ࡍ䣎࣑࡛࣎࣊ࡶ ⮬ศ㒔ྜࡢࡼ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡑࢀࡣࢃࡓࡋࡀὴ㐵ࡋࡓࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀 ࣇࢫ ࣑࣎࣊
䢣
ࢸ䣵ࣜ䤀ࡀࡢᆅࢆᢲࡉ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛
39࠸࠺⪅ࡀ᮶࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ▱ᜨࡢ 37ࡔ䣎 䢣 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ┠ࡣ࠾ࡠ 38ࡣṚࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍
䢣
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䥹ࡇࡢ⛉ⓑࡢ㛫ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ䣍ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࡢ∗ぶࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢፉࢆࡸࡘࡽᏲ䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺䣎ᤕࡽ࠼࡚䣍䣬࡚⾜ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡸࡣࡾࡼࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ᣊ⚗ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࢃࢀࢃࢀᘬࡁΏࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎ࡎࡉ䣬࡚䥺ࡑࡇ࠸ࢁ䣍ᡬࡢࡇࢁࡔ䣎ࣉࣛࣁࡢẸࡔ࡞䣎㤿ࡣᡭ⥘ࡀᚲせࡔ䣎᧯ࡾᡭࡣ࠸ࡎࢀぢࡘࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㤿ີࡶ䣎 䥹▷ยࢆ㠧ࡈ࣋ࣝࢺࡽᢤࡁฟࡋ䣍ᡬྥពẼ࡞䣍࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ௦ࡢⴠࡋᏊࡼ䣎 ࡓࡔࡋ䣍 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡵ㸟 ឤㅰࡍࡿࡶ䣍ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢࡋࡓࡇࡀ᭱㧗ࡔ࡞䣎 ፉࡢࢀᡠࡋࡓࡢྠࡌ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍ䣎 ᙼࡣぢ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛࠸࡚䣍➃ 㝎ୗࡢ㏨㉮රࢆ ࡇࡇ࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎䥹࣋ࣝࢺᤃࢇࡔ▷ยࢆぢࡸ䣬࡚䥺࠸ࡘࡽᕷẸࡀṊࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞䣬ࡓ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ྡ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ㏨ஸ⪅ࢆࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣍㝎ୗ䣎䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉᩘṌ㏆ࡼ䣬࡚⾜ࡁ䥺ࡉ䣬ࡉ䣍 Ẋ䣍᥍࠼ࡢ㛫ࡲ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡇࡢᝏ࠸௦ࡀṊࡏࡑࡢ⏨䣍 ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍࠶࠶䣍 㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࢀ䣎 ⤀ኈ࠼ࡓࡒ䣎ࡦࡾࡢ⏨ࡀࡇࡇ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡞ࡽࡤゝ࠺࡞䣎ぢ࡚ࡣ࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 䣬࡚ࡳࡓ࠸䣎ぢࡓࡢ䣎 ࡞ࡐࡲࡔ┠ࡢ๓࠸࡞ 䥹࠶ ㄡࡶࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠺ࡶࡢࢆぢࡿ䣎 㛗ᖺ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁዊࡉ ࣈࣝࣀ ࠸ࡸ䣍 ఱࡶぢ
䢣 ࡣ࡞
ࡽࡶ࠺ఱࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ᛅ࿌ࢆࡍࡿ䣎 䢣 ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ꮚࢆ⫱ࡴ௦ࡀᝏ࠸䣎ఱࢃࡓࡋࡢᚰࡀᛣ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡼ䣎 ࡇࡢᭀࢀ ⏕
䢣
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࢆ 40࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡽ᮶ࡓ⪅
䢣 㐃
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 263
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ
ࡢែࡣ䣍ࡲࡓ⌧ᅾࡢࡇࡢࡣᕪࡋ㏕䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡽ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࠸ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺䣎ࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ࡑࢀࡣఱࡶࡶࡀపຎ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺✺ࡁⴠࡋ䣍࠾ࡢࡀ༝㈾ࡢᇦࡲ࡛㈘ࡵ䣍ࡘ࠸ࡣఱࡶࡶ࠺࡛ࡶࡼᅜᐙ䣍ᩍ࠸䣬ࡓ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ೧࡞ࡶࡢࢆ䣍ࡑࢀࡽࢆಖㆤࡍࡿ㧗ࡳࡽ 䥹⭜ࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺ࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡼࡑࡢẸ᪘ࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࢃࡀẸࡢẕ⫾ࡽᭀ㔝⻅ேࡀ⏕ࡲ✀ࡣࡘ࡚ྂ௦ୡ⏺ࡢ㍤ࡁࢆᾘࡋཤ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ࡢ௦ࢆ⬣ࡋࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎 㔝⻅ேࡣ䣍ไᚚࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡀࡉࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ⋇ࡣே㛫࡞䣬ࡓ䣎࠼ࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡔ䣎࡞䣬࡚㣚㤡ࡀ∳ࢆࡴ࠸࡚ᖺࡈே㛫ࡽ✭ࢆዣ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ᫇ࡢࡇ ᶒࡀඖ᮶࠸࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ▱ࡾࡓࡅࢀࡤ䣍䣬ࡓ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡔ䣍⫗ぶࢆࡶẅࡍ㔝⋇ࡀṊჾࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ே㛫ࢆẅࡋࡓࡾ䣍䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡋࡋ⚄ࡀ⛛ᗎ ࡑࢀࡽ⏿ࡀᩗ࡞⫱ᡂࡢᐇࢆ⤖ࡧ䣍ࡢᶒࢆ䣍࡞䣎ከᩘὴ࡛䣍ࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࡽࡣࡇ࠺ྉࡪ䣎࠾ࢀࡶศࡅ๓ࢆ䣍࠸ࡸ䣍㒊ࡼࡇࡏ䣎ࢃࢀࡽࡀࡣࡶ࠺࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᒌ࡛䣍 ᙉ⪅࡞ࢇࡔࡽ䣎ࡓࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡅ≀ࡔ䣎 ⱁ⾡䣍ࡃࡿ䣎ࡿ䣎 Ꮫၥ䣍 ᗈ࠸⫪ࡁࡃࡅࡓཱྀࢆࡋ࡚䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡘ࠸ࡣ᭱ᗏ㎶ࡽ䣍 ࠶ࢇࡓࡽྠࡌே㛫࡞ࢇࡔ䣎 ཎึࡢ≧ែ❧ࡕ ୍ᖺࡢ࠼ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡇࡸࡘࡣࡏ䣬ࡃࢆᡭධࢀ࡚ࡶ䣍 Ṥ⢭⚄ࡸពᛮࡢ࡞࠸≀య㏆࠸ࡶࡢ ぢࡿࡶ࠾ࡒࡲࡋ࠸ࡅ≀ࡀ㏺࠸ୖࡀ䣬࡚ ఱ࡛ࡶḧࡋࡀࡾ䣍 ࢃࢀࡽࢃࢀࡽ ࡑࡢࢆኪ ఱࡼ䣬࡚ࡶ‶ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࢫ࢟ࢱࡔࡢࣁࢨ䤀ࣝࡔࡢゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠶ࡢேே㛫ࡢᶒࡣ䣍 ࡼ䣍 㣚࠼ࡿࡇ ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡣṧࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣍㝎ୗࡣᮍ᮶ࢆ䣍 యࢆṇࡋࡃぢᐃࡵ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࡇࡋ࠼䣎 ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡞ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍 ಶࠎ
䣍䣍䣍䣍䣍
䣍䣍 ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ⤥࠸䣍 ∞᮶䣍ⱞࡋࡴࡇ ࡇࡢୡග 䣍䣍䣍䣍䣍
࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡲࡔ⏿ࡣ࡞
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣦ䣵࡛ࡣࡍ࡛⾜ືࡀᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍࠾ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡘࡀಙ௮ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࡋࡓఝࡘࢃࡋࡉࡔ䣎䣬࡚ࡶࢃࡓࡋࡣ༢⏽ᩗࡍࡿࡽࡔࡀ䣍 ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࡢࡇࢁࡓ࠸ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍ࡋ࡚䣍༝ࡶຓຊࢆㄋ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䢣 ࢺ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡣಙ௮࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳࡢࡇ䣍ᨻⓗᢠࡣ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡏࢇ䣎ೃࡔ䣎 ㅖᅜࡢ㒊㝲ࡀ࠶ࡕࡇࡕࡢ⏫ࢆ㏻䣬ࡒ䣎 ࡸࡘࡣᜍᛧࡍࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡋ䣯࠺䣍࠶ࡢࡓࡀᅜ࡛ྩᙺࢆ₇ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ䣎࠼࡚ࡸࡿ䣎㐟ࡧࡓࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞䣎 ࣔࣛ 㔜ຊࡢ୰ᚰⅬ࡛䣍㐓⬺ࡋࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡢᖐ㑏ࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡢ⢭⚄୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍 ࡸ ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆࡧ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡽࡔ䣎 Ọ㐲࡞ࡿ⮬↛ࡢṌࡳࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢇ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡣே㛫ࡢὸ▱ᜨࡼ䣬࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢඛ⾜ࡋࡓࡾ䣍 ហぢࡏࡅ㈼ࡃ䣍 ࡍࡤࡸ࠸ྠࡓࡵࡽ࠸ ࡑ࠺ࡔࡶ䣍 ࡃ࡚䣍 ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡣᏱᐂ ࠾ࡢࡀ
ࡢᆅࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᘵࡂࡳ䣍 ಙ௮άືࢆಖ㞀ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺௦ൾ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ᘵࡂࡳࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ䣍ࡸࡘࡣࢃࡓࡋ௨ୖ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢಙ⪅ࡔ䣎ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢᴗ࡛ࡍ䣎ఱ䣍 ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⋤ෙࡔ㸽ࢺࣝࢥࡣ࠶ࡢࡓࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⋤ෙࢆᕪࡋฟࡋࡓࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ ࠶࡞䣬࡚ḭࡃ࠾ࡠࡋࡀゝⴥ࡛㐟ࡪࡼ࠺䣍ࡸࡘࡣᶒຊ࡛㐟ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ྠࡌ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ࠸⮬ຊ࡛ㅮࢆ⤖ࡤࢀࡓࡇࡀ㐟ࡧࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᘵࡶ㈼ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ࡋࡋ㝎ୗࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡓࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࡣࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᝏࡃ࡞࠸䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡸࡘ₇ᢏࡍࡿሙࢆ ₇ᢏ࡞ࡢ࡛
䢣 ࡢᆅࡣࢺࣝࢥࡢࡶࡢ䣎 ఱࡢ Ẋ䣍 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 264 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ጾᄐࡋ㏉ࡍࡲ࡛ࡔ䣎ࡇࢀࡣබࡢṇ⩏ࡼࡿ⛎ᐦุ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࢺࣝࢥࡀ⬣ࡑ࠺䣍ࡃ࠸࡞ࡿࡢ✀ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍ᙼࡽ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ㜚䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡔ䣎ᩓࡽࡤ䣬࡚䣍ࡢᙺ❧ࡘ⏨ࡓࡕࡢ୰ࡽࡔ䣎ேࠎࡢ୰ࡽ㑅ࡪ䣎 ࡑࡢ❶ࡣ┠ぢ࠼ࡿ⬚ඖࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࡞࠸䣎ཷ⪅ࢆᖹࡢ⪅ࡰ࠺䣎ࡑࡢ⪅ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣୡ⏺୰ࡢ᭱Ⰻࡢ 㡿ᅵḧࡸ䣍ࡣࡦࡘࡢ❶ࢆ⪃ࡋࡓ䣎ࡔศࡿ䣎䣬ࡓࡢࡣ ㅝ࠺ࡇࢁࡢྡࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢᅜࠎࡍ࡚ⵗᡓࡣࡲࡔ䣍 ࠾ࡢࢀࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍 ࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣ䣍 ⚄ࡀㄪࡍࡿࡲ࡛⥆ࡃࡢࡔ䣎ᖹࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸ࡢୖ࡛㟷ࠎ㍤ࡃࡋ䣎ࢀࡤ䣍 ࡑࡢ❶ࢆᤵࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ⾑➽࡛ࡶṊ࡛ࡶෆࡼࡾࡣࡼ࠸ࡋ䣍 ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ேࠎࡀᗈࡃୡ⏺୰ ேࡢពぢ࡞⁐ࡅ࡚ඖ㏻ࡾࡢ↓ᖐࡍࡿ䣎ࡒ䣬ࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠾ࡢࢀࡢ⚄ࡀࡋࡳࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡞႖ఏࡍࡿ≬ಙ⪅ࡀࢺࣝࢥࡢᜍᛧ ࡑ࠺䣍 ࡑ࠺ࢆ⏬⟇ࡍࡿࣝࢱ䤀ὴࢆ࠾࡞ࡋࡃࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢃࡀ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢഃ࡛ࡶ䣍࠸ࢆᢚṆࡍࡿࡽ࡞䣎 ྠ⬊ࡢᅔ❓ࡸⱞᝎࡣ䣍 ಙ௮ࡸᩍ⩏ࢆㄽதࡍࡿࡼࡾࡣࡼ࠸䣎 ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡀ㌵㎚ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞⾑ࡢ୍୍ࢆᕪࡋฟࡋࡶࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ពぢࡢ┦㐪࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ࡛⫗ࢆᘬࡁࡁྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᪂ᪧ୧ὴࡢத࠺ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎 ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡓ࿚࠸࠶ࢀ䣎 ࢺࣝࢥࡢᜍᛧࡀࣝࢱ䤀ὴࢆ䣍 ᡓࡢࡀ⤠ࡾྲྀࡿᾦࡢ୍⢏୍⢏ࢆ㉢࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍 ࡍࡿᖹࡢ௦࡞ࡿ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ⯆ዧࡀ෭ࡵ࡚㙠ࡲ ࡋࡋ䣍 ࢺࣝࢥࡢᡓࡣ ゝⴥ࡛ࡶ⾜Ⅽ࡛ࡶᨐ ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᡓࡣࡼ࠸䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ ࠶ࢀ 䢣 ࡉࢀࡓ䣎ࡋࡋㅮࡀ⤖ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᢈࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢇ䣎࠶ࢀࡣࡼ࠸䣎ࡋࡋ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢᡓࡣ㸽 ࡔࡽ䣍 ᡓ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣே㢮ᢲࡉࢀࡓⅹ༳ࡢࡼ 䢣 䢣䣎 㔠ࡣㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛮ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋ ࡼ࠸䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢᆣላ࡛㔠ࢆ⁐ࡍ䣎 ఱࡢࡓࡵ
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࡓ࡞࠸ࡢᏊࡤࡾᔞࡴ࠶ࢀࡇࢀࡢࡇࢆლ➗ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⪺ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ⱥ㞝ࡤࢀࡿហ⪅ࡢヰࡸ䣍್ᡴࡕࢆఱ࡛ࡶ㔠ᅔࡣ䣍ࡿ䣎 ㈗᪘ࢆᕷẸࡸၟேࡸ࿘᪕ᒇࡢᡭᘬࡁΏࡍ䣎ࢶ࢞ࢶ྾࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡑࡇ㈗᪘ࡀ᮶࡚䣍ࢇ䣎ศ䣍 ࡔࡀ࡛ࡣ䣍 ጞࡵࡢ࠺ࡕࡣ䣍 ᦆᚓ຺ᐃࡢ㢌ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸㈼⪅ࡢヰ䣍㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀࡈ⮬⏤ᶒࢆᤸᥱ࡞ࡉࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ㄪࡋ䣍 㡿ࢆᡴࡕಽࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ䣎 ᖹ࡞ࡽࡤୡࢆᦂࡿࡀࡍࡀࡺ࠼チࡉࢀࡊࡿࡇࡲ࡛࢞ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ⪅ᜠᑋࢆ࠼࡚႐ࡤࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍 ಙ௮ࡑࡢ್ᡴࡕ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬⏤ࢆ࠾࠼ࡃࡔࡉࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ಙ௮ࡢᩍ⩏ࢆࡓࡔㄗゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡢࡇࡶ▱ࢀ㔜䣎ࡑ࡞ࡓࡣ␗➃ࡢ⪅ࡔࡀ䣍ྡࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ⏨ࡔ䣎ࡔࡽᩗពࢆ⾲ࡍ䣎 ᖇᅜࡢ㡿㑥ྩࡣᖇᅜࡽ㞳⬺ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍᡭධࢀࡓ≉ู࡞㔠ࡔ䣎 ࡑ࠺࠸࠺㐃୰ࡣ≀ࡢ ࡍࡿᾉ㈝ࡢፉࡓࡿ㈋ ᙺ❧䢣 ⚄ࡢࡳࡀ ࡔࡀࡶ࠺᭹ࢆ㛢ࡌࡼ䣎࣓ࢲࣝࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ㙐ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺Ẽ࡙ࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࢇ䣎ࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡔࡶ䣍 ఱࡺ࠼ㄽதࢆ ㄡࡶぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㔜୕ ᚰ⮚ࡢ㰘ືࡀᬮࡵ࡚ࡃࢀࡿෆ㠃䣍 ࠾ࡠࡋࡢ᭹ࢆ㛤࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࢫࣟ䤀࢞ࣥࡣࡇ࠺ࡔ䣎 ῝࠸ࡢ⬦ᢿ࡛㧗ᥭࡍࡿෆ㠃 ࢃࡓࡋ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡀ㸟 䢣 ᶒࡔ㸽 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺䥹ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ㙐ࢆࡅ࡚ࡸ䣬࡚ࡽ䥺ࢃࡓࡋ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍⚄ࡢࡳࡀ䣎࠸ࢇ䣍୍ゝࡶࡓࡀ࠼ࡎ䣎 ࠾࠾㝎ୗ䣍䥹᭹ࢆ㛤ࡁ䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䥺࡛ࡣ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍⚄ࡢࡳࡀ 㝎ୗࡀࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢࡼ࠺࡞᐀ὴ ࡇࢀࡣே▱ࢀࡠ᪉ἲ࡛ ࡃࡾ࠼ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡁࢇ ࡢ㔜ࡳ࡛Ỵࡵࡿ㍮࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡇࡢᡭྜ࠸ࡀࡢࡉࡤࡾฟࡋ࡚䣍
䢣 ᶒຊࡇࡑ࠶ࡢ㐃୰ࡢḧࡋࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࡇࡢ 䥹ࡇ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍 ᮘࡢᘬࡁฟࡋࡽグᛕ
䢣 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡲࡔㄡࡶ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 265
ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫබ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ⏨ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇᖇ䣍ୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡼࡾⓏሙ䣎㦂⏝࢜䤀ࣈࣥࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢୖᆣላࡀࡢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ⬥㏻⏝ཱྀ䣎ࣇࣛ䣹ࢳ䣺ࢽࡢᇛࡢ୍ᐊ䣎 ୖᡭᚋᬒࢻࡢᙧࢆࡋࡓ㛤ཱྀ㒊䣎 ࡑࡇᏛᐇ
࡚䥺ఱࢆࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡔ䣎䣎࠺ࡸ䣬࡚ࡇࡇ䣎ࡋࡋࡣ䣍࠶࠶䥹⏨䣍⬗╔ࡶ㛤ࡃ䥺࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡶࡢ࡛䣎 ᛣࡽࡏ࡚ẅࡏ㈙ࡉࢀࡓࡢ䣎ࡃ࡚䣍ࣞࢺࣝࢺධࢀࡼ࠺࠸࠺⫟ࡔ࡞䣎ࡈࢁࡘࡁࡵ䣎ࡁࡉࡲ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࢆࡇ▼Ⅳࢆࡇࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹⏨䣍ᚋᬒ࡛ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ཱྀࢆ࠶ࢇࡄࡾ㛤ࡅ࡚䣍ࡱࢇぢࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞䣎 䥹ᑂᛮ࠸䣍ᩘṌ࠶ࡎࡉࡾࡋࡄࡎࡢࢁࡵ䣎࠸ࡿ䥺䥹↴࡛ởࢀࡓୖ╔ᖗᏊࢆ㌟╔ࡅࡓ⏨ࡀ䣍ࡒ䣍▼Ⅳࡀ䣎 ྠࡌࢆ୕༑ᖺࡶࡸ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣍ࡢ䣎 ࡃࡑ䣬ࡓࢀ ఱࡶࡶᘬ䣬ࡃࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡈࡓࡲࡐࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ䣎 ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ ▼Ⅳࢆ୍ࡈ⭎ᣢ䣬࡚᮶࡚ ▼Ⅳࡀ࡞࠸ 䥹๓᪉᮶࡚ᖗᏊࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䥺⏦ࡋヂࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣍Ẋ䣎័ࢀ➨ 䢣 ୕
ᖥ ࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࢩ䣻ࣦ䣴ࢡබ䣍 ࠾ࡠࡋ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ
ࡁࡉࡲ䣍࣐ࣝࢸ䣵࡛ࣥࡣ࡞࠸࡞䣎 ࠾࠸䣍 ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࣥ䣍 ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵ࣥ䣎 ᝏ㨱ࡢᣝၥ࡛ࡶ㐼䣬࡚࠸ࡿ
㐌㛫๓ࡼࡾᣏㅜࢆ⏦ࡋฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ࡃ࠾チࡋࡀ࠸
࢝
ࣛ
䤀
࣍ 䣎 ࠺ࡸࡽ䣍 ▼Ⅳࢆࡲ࡛ࡣ࡞ 䢣
⚄ࣇ࢚ࢦ࣭ࢹ࣭ࢹ䣵࢜ࢫ
ࡢ ⅖ ࡼ䣎
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣘ䤀ࣜ࢘ࢫ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡞࠸䣍ᩛࡶ᪉ࡶ䣎ࡓࡕࡶ࠾࡞ࡋࡃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎࡞ࡿࡢࢆ࠾࡞ࡋࡃᚅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎࡞ሙྜࡣ䣍ࡶ≧ἣࡼ䣬࡚ࡣ䣍సࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧࡔ䣍 ⚄ࡀṇ⩏ࡢࡓࡵ㞀☀ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁ䣍࠸ࡘࢃࡾࡸᝏᑐᢠࡍࡿ䣎࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎࡛䣍༑ศࡔ䣎 ๓㐍ࡶᚋ㏥ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺◚⁛ࢆᣍࡃែ࡞ࡿ䣎ᖇᅜࡸᅜᐙᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔᛮ࠺䣎 ࡑ࠺࠸࠺✀ࡀᮍ᮶ࡢ☜࡞ᖇᅜⵗࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࢀࡽ⦆ࡳࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࡑࡢ୰ᚰࡢ࿘ࡾၿࡋ࡚ṇ⩏࡞ࡿ⪅ࡀⓙ㞟ࡲࡾ䣍⮬㌟ࡣఱࡢᙺࡶ❧ࡓࢇࡀ䣍᮰ࡡᙺࡔࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ┦⥆ᶒ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍 ✭ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ䣍ࡓࡋࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 㐨ࡀ⮬⏤㏻⾜࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺Ṛࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡀ࡞䣍ࡁࡳ䣍ࢃ ㇏సࡶࡓࡲࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣎 ᨭ㓄⪅ࡀᑗ᮶ࡶ೧࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ぢ㎸ࢇᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ䣍 ࡴࡋࢁ䣍ࢀᛮ䣬࡚ࡢࡇ䣍ᛅㄔ࡞ࡿ⪅ࢆ࠾㉧ࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࡑࢇ ୰ᚰⅬࡀᚲせࡔࡽࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡀࡲࡔ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ䣍 ࡋ ბ ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢୡࢆ᮰ࡡࡿ⤎ࡔ䣎 ࡑࡇ࡛ⅆᛴࡢ㝿ࡢࡇࡢࡳ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾゝ࠼ࡿ࡞䣎 Ṛࢇࡔࡢ 㝎ୗⰋ ືࡃࡉ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡓ䣬࡚ࡶࡢ୰ࡔ䣎 㝎ୗࡀ࠾࡞ࡋࡃࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡽ࠸䣬࡚䣍ࡇࡢୡࢆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢃࡓࡋࡢྡ๓ࡔ䣎 ࡇࡢ௦⏨ࡣ࠸䥹ୖ╔ࢆ⬺࠸࡛䣍᳔Ꮚࡢୖ⨨ࡃ䥺࡛ࡍࡀ䣍㝎ୗ䣍ࡑࡢ⤎ࡣࡇ ࡢ⪅ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶᨾ࠶䣬࡚ࡢࡇ䣎 ⏕ࡁ࡚ࡺࡃࡣ䣍ࡣࡣࡣࡣ䣎 ࡢࡇࢁࡣࡑࢀ࡛ ᝏࡃ࡞࠸ㄯࡔࡒ䣎 ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆⴿࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎 ❧ࡓࢀࡼ䣎 ໃ ࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡠࡋࡣẸ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 266
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࡓ࠸ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀ࠺ࡸࡽ࠾ࡠࡋࡣཝ㔜࡞ಖㆤ┘ᐹࡀᚲせࡽ䥹ᚑ⪅ࡢࡦࡾ䣍ගࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ䥺ᯇ᫂ࢆ䣎 䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺䥹࣓ࣛ䤀ࡑࡢᚑ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍㐨ࢆࡣࡎࢀ࡚㏞࠸䣍࠸ࡓࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶ㏣࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠺ᛮ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡵ䣍 㯮࠸࣐ࣥࢺࢆ㢌ࡽࡪ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⏨ࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ᡠࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡣࡇࡢᏊࢆࢻ䣶ࢡࣛࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ㝕Ⴀᗊㆤࢆ㢪࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ᐑ୰࡛ᶒຊࢆᣢࡘࡉࡿ࠾ࡓࡀፉࢆࡘࡅࡲࢃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍ᯇ᫂ࢆᣢ䣬ࡓᚑᩘྡࡶ᮶࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࡇࢁࡀᡓࡢ႖㦁ࡣึࡵࡣ㐲䣬ࡓࡢ䣍 ࡇࢀࡣፉ࡛䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡣఱ⪅ࡔ䣎䥹࣓ࣛ䤀ᩘே䣍㏨ஸ⪅ྠࡌ᪉ྥ㏥ሙ䥺 ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓຓࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ ࡑࢀࡽ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍 ᪑㊰ฟ࡚ ⾤ ࡑࡢ ࡇࡢ⏨ࡦࡾࡔࡅ㏣࠸ࡘࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶࡀ㏨ࢀࢇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ䣍 ࡲࡉࡇࡢ⏨ࡽ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡢ࠺ࢆྥ࠸࡚䥺 Ẋ䣍 ࣉࣛࣁࡢ୍ᕷẸࡈ 䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࡢᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚䥺 Ᏻᚰࡍࡿࡀ࠸࠸䣍 ⨾ࡋ࠸Ꮚ䣎 ࡁࡉࡲ䣍 そ㠃ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ㅰ⫗⚍ࡢ⠇࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸䣎
ఱ࡚ࡇ䣍ࡇࡢே࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ᡭࢆᘬ䣬㎸ࡵ࡚䥺⨾ࡋࡃ࡞࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍ṇ┤࡛ࡍࡀ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡣ࠸ࢇ䣎ఱࡶイࡎゎᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࢇ࡞ࡇࢁ᮶ࡓ䣎 ⓚᖇࡣ࠾ࡠࡋࢆ㠀࠾ࡑࡤ⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡁ
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀㸟
35ᇛࢆᣢࡘུẕࡢチ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡇ
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ 䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡀ㏥ሙࡍࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺Ⰻ࠸࠺ྥࡅࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࡣጁࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡳ䣍ࡢぢ㏻ࡋᚰࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ⏝ᚰࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺㸽ᛰࡿ࡞䣎ⓚᖇⓚᖇࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ࠾㏉ࡋ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎㐪࠺ཱྀᐇ࡛㛗࠸㛫䣍࢘ࡢ㌷㝲ࡢࡇࢆୖࡣ༙ศࡋ▱ࡽࡏࡎ䣍 ≀ࢆỴࡍࡿࡢࡣ⾜ືࡔ䣎ࡿ䣎 ເ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵ࡶ㏥ሙ䥺ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢ࠺ࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࡶ࠺࠶ࡢ⏨ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡇࢀࡽఱࡶࡶࡑࡇࡽࡣᏳࡔࡽ࡞䣎 ࠶ࢀ࡛ኳ⛗ࡢ㔜ࡉࡀྠࡌ࡞ࡿࡽ䣍䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍㐃⾜ࡉࢀࡿ䥺 ༙ศෆ⥴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡅࢀ䣍ࡣ㈐௵ࢆ㈇䣬࡚ࡶࡽ࠺䣎ࡀ‶ࡕࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀ⮬ศ࡛ゝ࠾࠺䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ฟⓎࡋࢁ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢᘬΏࡋ㏦ࡋࢁ䣎ࡋ࠸䣎 ࣉࣛࣁ╔࠸ࡓࡽ䣍 䥹ࡦࡾࡢᣦᐁ䥺ࡑࡢ࠺ࡢ㥽ර㝲ࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚䣍ࡇࡢ⏨ࢆㆤ ⓚᖇఏ࠼࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࡀ 䥹ࣝ
࠾♩ࡢ⏦ࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡉ࠶ፉࡸ䣍⾜ࡇ࠺䣎ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡶࡣ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡀ⮬ศࡢࡽࡔࡶࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫䥺Ẽࢆⴠࡉ࡞࠸࡛䣍࠺ࡔ䣍 ࡇࢀࡽࡣఱࡶࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃ䣎 ୖ䣎 ࡰࡃࡓࡕࡔ䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡇࢆࡸ䣬ࡓࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ᑗ᮶ ࣃ䣹ࢧ 䥹୧⭎ࢆࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡢ୧⫪⨨࠸࡚䥺ᝏ࠸ࡇࢆࡲࡎࡸ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡽ䣍 ࠾ࡉ࠾ࡉ⏝ᚰࢆ ࡔ䣬ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍ ୍⥴ࡘ࠸࡚ࡇ࠸䣎 ࣦࣔࣛ䣵
36ࡢᅜቃ╔࠸ࡓࡽ䣍䢣 ࠸ࡸ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣ ㈼᫂ࡉ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 267
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉࡁ㌟ࢆᡭ䣍ፉࡶⓏሙ䣎ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㝕Ⴀࡢ㏆ࡃ䣎ኤᬽࢀ䣎⯙ྎࡢ⫼ᚋ࡛ᩘⓎࡢ㖠ኌ䣎ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䣍ᢤ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝබࡓࡕ 䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢⓚᖇ㌷රኈࡀ㊧ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ࡲࡔ࠶ࡿឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡍࡿࡢࡼ࠺❧ࡕṆࡲࡿࡀ䣍ࡋࡤࡽࡃ⪃࠼ࡈࢆࡋ࡚ࡽ㏥ሙ䥺ࡢᅗࡀᚰࡢ๓ࡓࡺࡓ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠶ࡿ䣎䢣 䥹࢝䤀ࢸࣥ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺㏉࡞ࡋ䣎࡞ࡽࡤᨺ䣬࡚࠾ࡇ࠺䣎↓ᩘࡢ✵ࡿࡇ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡽ࡞䣎 ୗࡶ᥋࿀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡶᛴ࠸࡛ࡓࡃࡉࢇ᭩ࡃࡇࡀ䣎ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹⬥ᡬྥ࠸䣍ࡑࢀࡽᘬࡁ㏉ࡑ࠺ࡓࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ⴠࡕ╔ࡅࡿᡤࢆࡼࡑ࡛᥈ࡋࡲࡍ䣎䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚࡞࠾䣍ࡼࡃ࠾ࡵ࠾ࡵ࠾ࢀࡢ๓࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࡞䣎 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀ㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢ㑧㨱ࢆ࡞ࡉࡿ ࡇࡢ᭩≧䣍䥹୕ே䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡁῧࢃࢀ࡚⾜ࡃ䥺 Ẋୗࡀᡭධࢀࡓࡇࡢ᭩≧ࡀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ᥋࿀ࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣍 ᭩ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍ䣎 Ẋୗࢆࡇࡢᅜࡢே Ẋ ࡑࢀ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᏳὈ࡛ࡍ䣎 䥹ኳᖥࡢ୰ධ䣬࡚䣍࢝䤀ࢸࣥࢆୗࢁࡍ䥺 䥹႐ࢇ࡛ໃ࠸ࡼࡃ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾ䥺࠾࠸䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ヰࡀ
ࡑ࠺ᮃࡳࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ፉࡼ䣍 ᮶࠸䣎 ࡲࡔࡲࡔࡇࡢ⭎ࡀᨭ࠼࡚ࡸࡿ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆᏲࡿຊࡣ 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺 ࡉ࠶ᛴࡆ䣎ࡲࡎ䣍㏿㐩ࡔ䣎 Ẋୗᑐ࡛ࡍ㸽 䥹⭜ࡅ࡚᭩ࡃ䥺 ㅦࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏨ࡔ䣎 ࠶ࡢ⏨ࡢゝ࠺ࡇࡶࡍࡿࡇࡶ䣎䥹ᡠ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ఱ䣍ࡲࡔ࠸ࡿࡢ䣎࠾ࢀᑐࡍࡿࡇࢆゝ ゝ䣬࡚࠸
䢣 Ẋୗࡢ࠾ࢇࡓࡵ⏦ࡋ ࠺࠺ࡴ䣍ࡇࡢ᭩≧
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ රኈ රኈ୕රኈ୍ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䥹ࡩࡓࡾ䣍ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺රኈ୍ ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉරኈࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉරኈ୍ ࡓࡵࢃࢀࡓ䣎ࡸࡘࡽࢆ㏣䣬࡚䣍㤳ษࡾᙺேᘬࡁΏࡏ䣎䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍䥹୕ேࡢරኈ䣍㏨ࡆ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺ࡽ࡞䣎 ࡇࡇࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡃࡒ䣎ࡇ䣬ࡕࡣᙅࡍࡂࡿ䣎㏨ࡆࢁ䣎䥹රኈ୕䣍᮶ࡿ䥺⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓ䣎 కࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ䣍䥹㏆ࡃ࡛ࣛ䣹ࣃࡢ㡢䥺࡛࠸ࡿ⪅ࢆᗊㆤࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᩆ࠸ࡢᡭࡣఙࡧ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎 ᢤࡁ㌟ࢆᡭࡋ࡚᮶ࡿ䥺୕࡛࠾ኳ㐨ࡉࢇ࠾ࡉࡽࡤࡔࡼ䣎ࡇࡢᏊࡣ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡔࡽ䣍ゝ࠺ࡇࢆ⪺ࡅ䣎࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍䣬ࡃ࠾㝀ࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡼ䣎
ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡲࢃࡡ࠼䣎බࡓࡕࡔ䣎ఱࡔ䣎 ໃᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚㔝Ⴀᆅࡽᖐ䣬࡚ࡃࢇࡔ䣎 ᭷㞴࡚࠼ࡇ䣍 ࠾ᡭᙜ࡚ࡣඛ㈔䣬࡚ࡿࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡞䣎ᑼᑿࢆᕳ࠸ࡕࡲ࠼䣎ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸䣍୍䣍ࡢࡑ࠸ࡘࡽࡢ⪥ࡣࡶ࠺⪺ࡇ࠼ࡡ࠼䣎 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡡ࠼䣍࠾࡞ࡋࡃほᛕࡍࡿࢇࡔ䣎 ࡚ࡵ࠼ࡀ᭱ᚋࡢ⏕ࡁṧࡾ䣬࡚ࢃࡅ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼࡞ࢇࡒ䣍 ፉയࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿᜍࢀࡀ
ຓ䣬ࡓࡒ䣎ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡇࡢୡࡶࡣࡸᩆ࠸ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ䣎࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 ࡇࡢᏊࢆᏲ䣬࡚Ṛࢇ࡛ࡸࡿ䣎䥹ྉࡪ䥺ࣖࢿࢡ㸟 ⨥࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ⱞࡋࢇ ࡔࡀ䣍 ࢃࡋࡀಽࡉࢀࡓࡽ䣍
ࢺࣝࢥே࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࢃࡀ㌷ࡢᒌࡔ䣎 ༝࡞ࡀྠ⬊ࢆẅࡵࡿ
ࣂࢪࣝ㸟
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 268
࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ⬣ࡉࢀࡿⓚᖇࢆ㝜㝧Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡳࡏࡿࡒ䣎ࡿ䣎䣎 ࡼࡃࡶហᘝࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࡞䣎䥹ⓙ䣍᭩㢮ࢆㄞࡴ䥺㢮ࢆᕪࡋฟࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡇྡ๓ࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎ᵓ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࢀࡽࣉࣛࣁ⾜䣬࡚䣍࠺࡛ࡍࡀ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢࡓ࠾௵ࡏࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍ᶒຊࡢጤㆡࡀᚲせ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡞ࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡓࡋ㐓⬺ࡸ᫂ࡽ࡞㐪ἲ⾜Ⅽࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸䣎ࡢࡼ࠺Ⰻ࠸┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡽ䣍 ⓚᖇッ࠼࡚ࡸࢀࡓࡀ䣍 ࡑࡢ⏤䣬࡚᮶ࡿࡇࢁࡶᛀࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࢀ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡀࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡢ᭱ᖺ㛗⪅࡛ࡍ䣎 Ⰻᚰࡣ┠ࢆࡘࡪ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎 ࡶ࠺Ṥ௵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ Ⰻᚰ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡋࡋ⋤ෙ ᪥
䥹ྠᵝ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡶࡔ䣎ࡲ࠶࡞䣎
䥹⬚ඖࡽ⣬ࢆ୍ᯛྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚䥺 ࡛ࡣࡈ⨫ྡ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡔࡅ࡛⤖ 䥹ᜤࡋࡃ䥺Ẋୗ䣍༠㆟⤖ᯝࡢ⛎ᐦࡣᏲࡿࡇࡀ᮲௳࡛ࡋࡓࡒ䣎ጤ௵≧ 䥹ᖏࢆࡲ䣬ࡍࡄ┤ࡋ࡚䥺ࡑࢀࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸䣎ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ᭩ࡅࡤ䣍 ࡞ࡽࡤࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍࠺࡛ࡍ䣍ࡇࡢᝏඪࡪࡾࡣ㸽 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡶࡢኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡓࡑ࠺ࡔ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡀㄡࡼࡾࡶࡑࢀࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࡋṇᙜࡔ䣎
䥹⨫ྡࡋ࡚䥺⨫ྡࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ㉃ࡅࡲࡍ䣎䥹࣐䣹ࢡࢫ䥺␗㆟ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 34 ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ྡ๓ࡀᢤࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 䥹᭩
ධࢀ࡚࠶䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
ࡇࢇࡕ
ࡓࡔ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺䣎ࡢᣵᣜࡣᢤࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ಙ௮ࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ≬ಙⓗ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⏝ᚰࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡋୖࡆ࡞䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ䣎ࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ㄔᐇࡸ䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡄࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡽ࡞䣎࠸ࡊࡽ࠸ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎࣏ࣝࢺ䣍 ࡇࡢ⏨ྠࡌ⪃࠼ࡔ䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢀࡤඛ⛬ࡲ࡛ྠࡌሙᡤᡠࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ⾜ࡇ࠺䣎 ࡔࡽࡇࡢ⏨ࢆ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡿ䣍◚⁛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀᚰࢆࡼࡂࡿ࡞䣎 ࡋࡋ≉ぬ࠼࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ䣍 ⚄࡞ࡽࡇࡢⰋᚰࡢᛕࢆࡈᏑࡌ࡛䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬ศࡢⰋᚰࢆ⚄ࡢ๓࡛Ὑࢃࡓࡋࡣୖᶒຊࢆᕪ ㈼࠸ࡸࡘ 䥹ࢡ ゎࡁ
ᨺ䣬࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ⓙ䣍 Ẽࡀ⁛ධ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡇࢀ࡛῭ࡳࡔ䣎ࡋࡋୖ䣍ࡼࢁࡋ࠸䣍ಙᛕ ࡔࡽูࢀ
࡞ࡽࡲࡔ㛫ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ◚࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡍ
ࡏࡵ࡚㤿㌴ࡢᡤࡲ࡛㏦ࡽࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ⓙࡶ࠺⾜䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ䣎ࡰࡃࡓࡕࡢᡓ࠸ࡓࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ࡞䣎㟈࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ㏆࠸࠺ࡕ➗㢦࡛࡛䥹ᙉࡃ䥺ኵࡔ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺ࡇࡑࡇࡢ⏨ࡀࡼࡃศ䣬ࡓ䣎 䢣 ᨺ䣬࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡌࡁࡲࡿࡼ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡋ࡚ࡣࡇࡢ⪅ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡇ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎䥹ࡍ࡛❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࡇࡢྜྷ࡞⣬ษࢀࢆぢ࡚࠸ ࣞ䤀࢜ ࠾ࡠࡋࡽࡶ⾜ࡃ䣎
࠾కࡋࡲࡍ䣎
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 269
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝ䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ
ኚࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡢ᭱ၿࡢ㐨ࢆồࡵࡿຊࢆㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎䣬࡚ࡢࡇ࡛䣍⁛ྥ࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡚䣍࢞ࣜ䤀ࡣ⁛ࢇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᎘ᝏࡢࡸࡴࡽẼ䣍 ⥾⤖ࡣ࠶࡛ࡍࡀ ࡋ䣍᮲⣙࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡲࡎᏲࡽࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ᮏ≀࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡁ䣯࠺࠸࠺᪥ᩛ᮲⣙ࢆ⤖ࡧ ࢺࣝࢥேࡣ␗ᩍᚐ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࡑࢀࣉࣛࣁ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢ㊥㞳ࡣ↓㛵ಀ䣍䣬ࡓ࠶࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝ࠺ࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࡛ࡍࡀၥ㢟ࡣ䣍ࡋࡵࡿ䥺 ே㛫䣬࡚ᓫ㧗ࡋ࡚⚄⪷࡞ࡶࡢࡣࡍ䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡀᛣ䣬࡚❧ࡕୖࡀࢁ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࢆࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᚚᚰࢆࡈᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ⓚᖇࡢ࠾ᚰࡀᖇࡀࡇࢀࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡽ㸽ࡌ⇕Ⅿࡉ࡛ᙇࡾୖࡆࡲࡍ䣎ࡶࡑࡢຊ࡛ᨵ᐀ࡉࡏࡓኌࢆ䣍ಙ௮ࡢ௦⌮ேࡋ࡚⾜ື࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ◚ ࡽࡣࢃࡓࡃࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪷⫋⪅ࡋ࡚䣍ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡣ࠾チࡋࢆᚓࡓୖ࡛䣍 ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣㅮࢆỴ㆟ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡑࢀྠࡌኌࢆ䣍 ᡭࡾ࡛ᢲ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ࡛ᗄ༓ே ⌧ᅾᮍ᮶㚷ࡳ࡚䣍 ពࡋཱྀ࡚ࢆ㛤ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 Ẹ⾗ࡢㄝᩍ⪅䣍 ࡓࡔ䣍 ⓚ ྠ ⚄⪷࡞ࡿ ࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࡶࡋⓚᖇࡀⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢ༠㆟ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㠀㞴࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡽ㸽
ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡣ↓ᐇࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡉ䣎
↓ᐇࡔ࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿ䣎ⱞ㞴ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓୖ࡛䣍 ⨥ࡼࡾ࡞࠾ࡢࡇᝏ࠸䣎 ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣ᮲⣙ࢆ⤖ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍࠶ࡊࡅࡿࡼ࠺䥺ᅗ࡛ᫍࡍ࡞䣎ⓚᖇࡢ῝࠸ ࡇࡢẼ㧗࠸ࣁࣥ ࡋ
ࡋࡲࡍࡶ䣎 ࠸ࡢ⪅ࡀཤࡾ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢゝ㉁ࢆࢺࣝࢥே࠼⾜
䢣 ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡣࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ࡕ䣍 ♽ᅜ
䢣
ࡉࡋ࠶ࡓ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝ䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ▱ࡽࢇࡢ䣎ࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚䣍ࡍ䣎⾜ືࡋ࡚␗➃ศᏊࢆᅜෆࡽᾘࡋࡓࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡢࡈ㡿࡛ ∦ࡸኌࢆ࠶ࡆ䣍ࡢಸࡶࡦࡃᛂ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥබࡉࡲ࡞ࡽ₩ⓑ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣎 ∦ࡸࡦࡑⓚᖇࡢ㉡ᒍࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡒ䣎ࢀࢃࢀࡢ⨥ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ຊࡀ㊊ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋ䣍ຊࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎Ỵᚰࡋࡓࡇࡣ㡹ᅛ࡛ࡍࡀ䣎ࡃࡋࡵࡢྩ࡛ࡍ䣎ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡲࡍ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ᩒࡉẼ㧗࠸࠾ᚰ࠾࠸࡚ㅖᅜࡢࡈ㡿ඛࢇࡌ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࡓࡣㄡ ಙ㢗ࡉࢀࡿᶒຊࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ࠶䣬࡚࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡓࡔ䣍ࡘࡅ䣍 ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ⫋ࢆࡇ࡞ࡍࡣࡇࡢࡓࡣỴ᩿ࡏࢇ䣎 ⟅࠼ࡣࡑࡇ࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡓ䣍⪃࠼࡚ࡶ䣍 ୍᪦⦆ᛴ࠶䣬ࡓࡁ䣍 ࡛ࡍࡽᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛ㄔᐇࡉḞࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋ䣍 ᝨዮィ༴㝤ࡤࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙࡢ㯮ᰕࡋ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ ⓙࡉࡲࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡓ࠾ࡦࡾࡀᶒຊࢆ㌟ ࡇࡢࡓࡇࡑࢃࡓ ༠㆟ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࢃࡅࡶࡲ࠸ࡾࡲ ᖇᅜ୰ࡢ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡽࡺࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ
ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺⾜ືࡶ௧ࡶࡸࡵࡓࡽ䣍 ྠࡌࡇࢆࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍 ୖ ࡑࡇ࡛࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࡇỴ᩿ຊࡢᶍ⠊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࢀࡲࡓ␗➃⪅ࡢᖹศᏊࡦࡑ㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍ࡇࡢᗘࡣ㐪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ㎿㏿ ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡀㄡࡼࡾࡶ࠾ះ࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆ䣍 ຬ
ఱࢆゝ࠸ฟࡍ䣎 ࡇࡢࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ⋢ᗙࡢ㊧ࢆく࠺ࡇ䥹ᛣ䣬࡚䥺 ࢃࡓࡋỴ᩿ຊࡀ࡞࠸࠺䣍ࡇ࠸ࡘࡣྩࡢࡓࡵႅ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 ぢࡏ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࡛ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺 ࡑࢀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡢỴ᩿ຊࢆ⛠㈶ࡋ࡚ࡃ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 270 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ࡞࠾ࡶࡑ࠺イࡃࡢ㸽ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢᶒຊࡈពᛮࡢࡓࡵᡓ࠸ᢤࡃ䣎ࡑࡢ⎰♟ࡢୖ❧ࡘࡇ࡞䣬࡚ࡶ䣍䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡰࡃࡣࡇࡇṧࡿ䣎ࡍࡿⅬࡣ䣍ࡑࡢࢇ࡞ࡇศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠾⪺ࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎 ୍ර༞࡞䣬࡚ࡶ䣍࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ⾑ࢆὶࡑ࠺ࡀ䣍࡛ࡁࡲࡍ䣎 ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࢜䤀ࣇ䣷ࣥࡔ䣎 ࢇ࡞ᝒ࡞ᡓ࡞ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡀ◚ቯࡉࢀ࡚ࡏࢇ䣎 ࢃࢀࡽࡀ㧗㈗࡞ᐙ㛛ࡢ࿚࠸ࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢ⏦ࡍࡇࢆࡌ 㠀ࡋ࡞࠸䣎 ୰ᗤࡢ㐨࡞࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽṇᙜ࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣᛣࡾ≬䣬ࡓࢺࣝࢥேࡣఱࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡒ䣎
䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫᖹ↛䥺Ẋୗࡣᡓࡢഃ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎 ᡓ๓ࡢ≧ែᡠࡏ䣍࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹᳔Ꮚࢆࡎࡽࡋ࡚䥺 ࡑࢀࡣ┤᥋ෆ㒊ࡢ⪅ࡽᐜ᫆⪺ࡃࡇࡀ ከᩘỴ࡛㈇ࡅࡿ࡞ࡿ䣎ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࡶ࡞ࡢ䣎ᡃ៏ࡍࡿࢇࡔ䣍 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍 ᡃ៏ࡋ࡚䣎 㯲䣬࡚ᅜᖐ௦ࡀワࡵᐤ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ࡀワࡵᐤࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ᣄྰࡍࢀࡤᝒ࡞ែࢆᣍࡃゝ䣬࡚䣍䥹ᛌẼᙼࡽ㢦ࢆࡑࡴࡅ䥺ࡸࡴࢆ࠼ࢇ䣍ㅮࡔ䣎䥹⃭ࡋࡃ䥺 ↓⌮ᙉ࠸ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡶ࠺ࡦࡘᑜࡡࡿࡀ䣍ᩛ᪉ࡢ᮲௳ࡣᏑࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ␗ᩍᚐࡀㆡࡿⅬせồࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺ワࡵᐤࡽࢀࡿ⩦័ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲ
33ࡢኴᏲ ࣃ ࢩ ࡢチ࡛⛎᭩ව㏻ヂࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡀ㝕୰᮶䣺
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝ䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝ䣹ࢡࢫ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ 䥹ᚑ䣍㏥ሙ䥺༶้ࡔ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍࣋ࣝࢆ㬆ࡽࡍ䣎ᚑ䣍᮶ࡿ䥺࠾ศࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡼ䣎ࡶዲ㒔ྜ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎ࡤࡏ࡞࠸ࡇࡲ࡛ᘏᮇࡉࢀࡓ䣎࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࡴࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍ఱ࡛ࡶࡃࢀ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣎༴࠸ࡓࡍࡽ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢺࣝࢥࡣ࡞࠾せồࢆቑࡸࡋ䣍ࢥࡀ⌧ᅾࡢඃࢆ⏝ࡋ䣍࠶ࡲࡘࡉ࠼ࢃࡀ㌷ࢆᚋ⾨ࡽᏙ❧ࡉࡏࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍 ࡔࡽࡸࢇࢃࡾᙉไࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ䣍ᡓࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍㛶ୗ䣍⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡈࡽࢇࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࢺࣝ⤊ࢃ䣬ࡓࡇࢆఏ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ྠࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ≛≅ࡶቑ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ୖ
ࡶ࠺୍ᗘゝ࠺ࡒ䣎༠㆟ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎 ࡘ࠸ඛ㡭䣍 ⓚᖇࡢୖࡣࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᨻࡢࡽ㏥ࢀ䣍グ㘓ࢆ⥆ࡅࢁ䣎 ࡛ࡣ༠㆟ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ䣎 ᘬࡁᘏ
ࡍ䣬ࡾ⤊ࢃ䣬࡚ࡣ࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍䥹ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇࡔ⣬ษࢀࢆΏࡋ࡚䥺࢜䤀ࣇ䣷ࣥࡢኴᏲ ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓ䣎 䥹❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺 ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡲࡎ䣍 ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡀ㈼᫂ࡶᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡉࢀࡓఇ 㝕୰ᚅࡓࡏ࡚࠶ࡿ㏻ヂಀ୍ゝ䣍 ㅮ࡛ࡶ䣬࡚༠㆟ࡀ ∗ࡉࡲࡣ䣍 ࡈ⮬ศࡀࡋ࡛ࡋࡓࡇࡀࢇ࡞ࡇ࠸ࡎࢀ ࡔࡽࡇࡑ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡶㅮࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡶ୍⚊࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎∗ࡉࡲ䣍ࢃࢀࡽ࡛⚊࡛ࡍ䣎
㢌ࡢ୰࠺ࡶࢃࡋ࠸ࡇࡀࡶࡸࡶࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡞ࡐ䣍ࡑ࠺ᛴࡄ䣎 ࡇࢇ
ࣃ ࢩ
ࡢ⛎᭩䣎䣺
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 271 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝ䣹ࢡࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍୡ⏺యࡢ⦾ᰤࢆ࠸ࡉࡲ༤ᡴ㉃ࡅࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࡞䣎 ᡓࡢྡࡔୡⓗ࡞ᰤࡢࡓࡵࡇࡢᅜࡢ⦾ᰤ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎࡚࠸࡞࠸䣎ࡇࡇࡽ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡲ࡛㝕ᆅࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍䣬࡚ᩋࢀࡓࡢ䣍 ᖹ࡞ఫẸࡢᩓṌ㐨࡛䣍ᅇࡍࡿ䣎▱ᜨࢆ⤠䣬ࡓࡾ䣍⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆᡶ࠺ࡢࡣࡑࡢ࠶ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎࡚ࡳࡼ䣎 ᗘࡣ༙ศࡢරຊ࡛࡚ࡿ࡛ࡶᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡋ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀୖࡢពぢࢆゝ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡽ࡞䣎 ࠶࠶࠸࠺ᩛᑐࡋ࡚㜵ᚚࡍࡿ࡞ࢇ ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡢቨࡣᔂࢀⴠࡕ࡚ᨵಟࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍Ⰻ⟇ࡣⰋ⟇࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓ࠼ࡑࢀࢆฟࡋࡓ⪅ࡀࡋ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡶ䣎ࢀࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶㅮࢆ㑅ࡪ䣎ࡢ୰ᯡࡽ༙ࡤษࡾ㞳ࡉࢀࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࡔ䣎ㆤ⪅ࡢᆅࢆ᪂ࡓ⪃ࡋ䣍 タࡅࡿ⣙᮰ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡑ࠺࡞䣎 ࡇࢀ࡛࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࢇࡔࡇࡀࡤ ࡑࢀࡶᖇᅜ
࠼࠼࠸䣍ᨺ䣬࠸࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㸽 ୖ䣍 Ꮚ౪ࡌࡳࡓࡇࡣࡸࡵ࡚ࡃࢀゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡛ࡣ䣍ୖࡣ㸽 ㌷ࢆ ࡛ࡍࡀᡓᑐ࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎䥹࣌ࣥࣥࢡࢆࡘࡅ࡚䣍 ⇕ᚰ䥺ㅮ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡛ࡣㅮࡈ㈶ᡂ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ Ẋୗ䣍 ࡉࡼ࠺࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡓࡔࡢㄦㅫࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ ࢃࡓࡋࡣᡓࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣୡ⏺ࡢ┠ࡢ๓࡛ࢆ࠸ࡓ䣎 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺ࡑࡢ࠺ࡢពぢࢆ୍ᗘ⏦ࡋ Ṋ㐠ࢆ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺 ࡉࡽࡑࡢ࠺࠼䣍 ᩍ࠼ࡿᛮࢃ
ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 䢣 ࠸ࡸ䣍イࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࡿࡇ࡞ࡍࡇ୰㏵༙➃䣍ᚭᗏ࡞ᡭẁ࡛ࡧࡃࡧࡃࢆ㐠ࡰ࠺࡞ࡣ䣍ࢁ≧ἣࡣࢺࣝࢥࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ䣎࠺ᚤ➗ࡳࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ┈ࢆㅉࡵࡿ࡛ࡶᛮ࠺ࡢ䣎ࢺࣝࢥࡀఇᡓࡸࡑࡢᡭࡢࡋࡆ࡞ᢸಖࡢࡓࡵ㛫ࢆᾉ㈝ࡋ࡚䣍ࡘࡲࡾఇᡓࢆࡔࡀᛮ࠺䣍㏨ࡆ㐨ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ᡓㅮࢆ⤖ࡧྜࢃࡏࡿ㏨ࡆ㐨ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞ࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ␗➃㞟ᅋࢆ㏣ᨺࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ䣎࠺䣎 ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡀᖹ✜࡛䣍ⱆ࡛࠶ࡾ᰿※࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢᥦ႐ࢇ࡛ྠពࡍࡿࡇࢁ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ᚓࢇࡢࡔ䣎࡞ࡐศࡽࢇࡀ䣍࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ㸽༨㡿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡽ࡞䣎ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ␗➃⪅༠ຊࢆஒࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࢇࡔࡽ䣍 ࡶࡃ䣍 ࡔࡽࡇࡑ䣍 ࡋࡋࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࠸࠺ᅜࡶ䣍 ⮬ศࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ಙ௮ࡢ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ䣍ᕼᮃ࡞ࡇ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ␗➃⪅ࡢ࠺ࡀ᭷⬟࡛ຬᩒࡔゝࢃࡊࡿࢆ ⓚᖇࡢࡈពᛮ 㐃୰ࢆ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡃࡏ䣍 ࡑࡢ᭱㧗ࡢᆅࡶࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ ಖㆤࡋ࡚ࡸࡽ࡞ࡃ 䥹᭩㢮ࡢୖࡀࡳࡇࡳ䣍 ⊂ࡾゝࡢࡼ࠺䥺䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍Ẋୗ䣎 ᡓࡀ᪂ᪧศࡢⴌ ᙼࡢ㤳ࡀᙼࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡂࡾ䣍ᶓ䣬࡚ࡶࡼࢁ࠺㸽䢣 ࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ䣍Ṍࡳᐤࡿ䣍᭱ᚋࡣᐤࡾษࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡒ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋಙᚰ῝࠸ே㛫ࢆࢃࡓࡋࡣ▱ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ᛮ࠺ናࡔࡼ䣎 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺㤳ࢆᶓࡿࡢ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡢ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣ௨๓࡞ࡽᮏᙜࡔ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ䥹⥆ࡅ࡚䥺 ᙼࡽࢆࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ㸽࠺࠸࠺ពࡔ䣎 ࡑࢀࡇࡢ㌷㝲ࡣṤࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡤࡾ
䢣 ࡃࡶ䣬࡚䣍 㐨༙ࡤࡋ࡚ࡸ
䢣
ᐇ㝿䣍 ぢࡿࡇ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 272 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ࡑࢀࡀ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣬࡚࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ពᛮἢ࠺ࡶࡢ䣍⫼ࡃࡶࡢࡀศ䣬࡚ࡽ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࡋࡋ䣍ࢃࡅࡔ䣍ᮏ㢟ධࢁ࠺䣎ࡉ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍ᗙ䣬࡚䣎᫂࡞ヰࢆࡋࢁ࠸࠺㢦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ⓚᖇ䣬࡚ࡢ᭱ၿࡢ࠾⪃࠼ࡀࡇࡇ࡛ᚾᗘࡉࢀࡿࡲࡉఱࡶࡶグ㘓ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡞䣎࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⏫ࡌ䣮࠺㒊ࡁࡓ䣎ࡇ❆㎶ࣦ䣷䤀ࢾࢫࡢࡈࡃ❧ࡕ⌧ࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎ࡘࡏࡎఱ㛫ࡶ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎ࡀዲࡁ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛䣎ࡁࡔࡅࡔࡒ䣎ఱࡔ䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䥺ୖᡭࡢᮎᖍࢆᣦ♧ࡋ࡚䥺 ᙼࡢ࠺ࡀṇࡋ࠸䣎ࡃ࡞ࡿࡽ࡞䣎䥹ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ䥺ࡉ࠶ࡉ࠶䣍ᗙ䣬ࡓᗙ䣬ࡓ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡑ࠺ࡽ䣍ᣲྃ䣍 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡸ䣬ྍឡ࠸ᑠ㯏ࡢዿ⢭ࡀ࠺ࡲ࠸ࡶ࠺ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡈචࡇ࠺ࡴ䣬࡚㏥ᩓ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࣌ࣥࣥࢡࢆࡘࡅࡓ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨䣍 ࢚ࢫࣀ䤀ࡶศࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤㄡࡀఱࢆႅ䣬ࡓࡢࡶศࡽ࡞ ࠸࠺ ࡑࡇᗙࢀ䣎 ࡶ䣬㈼ ࡔࡀ࠸࠸䣍 ཱྀࢆࡁࡃࡢࡣၥࢃࢀࡓ
ࢡࢳ䣻ࢡࢳ䣻࢟ࢫࡢ㡢ࡳࡓ࠸ࡔ䣬ࡓ࡞䣎▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࠾ࡲࡅࡑࢀࢆ▱䣬࡚ ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢࣃࣥᒇࡢ๓࡛㌟ࡌࢁࡂࡦࡇࡇ࠸࡚㆟㘓ࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣎 ࡑ࠺࡛ࡶࡋ࡞࠸ఱࡔࢇࡔႅ䣬ࡓ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺 Ẋୗ䣍 ఱࡉࡽࡈ⏝ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ゝࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡞ࡽ䣍 ே㛫ࡣ☜࠾ࡢࢀࡢ᭱ၿࡢࡶࡢࢆᮃ ࡔࡀࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍䥹ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚䥺୍ゝ࠺ࡔ䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ࡀᮃࡴࡇࡢࡳࢆᮃࡴࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡀ╔ᖍࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍ୗࠎࡀࢡࢳ䣺ࢡࢳ䣺ゝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࡇ࡛༠㆟ࡋ࡚ฟࡓ⤖ㄽࡀⓚᖇࡢࡈ ᨭ 䥹ᮘࡢୗᡭഃࡢ➃࡛䥺 ࡈᏑࡌࡢ㏻ࡾ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡀㄡ▱ࡾࡓࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍㞀ᙼࡽࡢಙ௮ࢆᐜㄆࡍࡿぢ㏉ࡾ䣍ࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢ➼᪘ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ෆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺䣎ࡍࡿࡇࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡽࡔ䣎ឡ㡿ࡢᩗពࡢࡓࡵ䣍ࡓ࠸䣎ࡔࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ㌟ෆࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࢁࡌࡓࡢࡔ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍ᘵ⟇ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠺䣎 ࡑࡢྡࢆゝ࠸ࡓࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࡀࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ධࢁ࠺䣎ࢀࡤ䣍ࡾ䣍 ࢃࡀ⋤ᐙࡢࡦࡾࡢ㡿ྩࡢ࠺ࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡇࡔࡲ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ㅮࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡼ࠸䣎 ⪺ࡃࡇࢁࡼࡿ䣍ᩙࢆ㔜ࡡࡓゝⴥᕦࡳ࡞సᩥ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ྍ㑊ࡔ࠸࠺ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࢃࡀࡋ࡚࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢྩ࡛࠶ࡿᚚோࢆྏ㈐ ࠾ࡲࡅᩘከࡢ㜿ㅀ㏣ᚑࡢู✀ࡢ㝜ㅛࡀࡦࡑ⏬ 䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝྥ䣬࡚䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆྏ㈐ࡋࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ୰ࡢ᭩ࡅᡭࢆఙࡤࡍࡢ࡛䥺 ࢺࣝࢥᑐࡍࡿᏳಖ ఱࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣍 ࡓࡔ䣍 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢࣉ࡛ࣟࢃࡀᐙ⣠ࡢ࣐ࣥࢺࢆở ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢྩࡢࡇࡔࡲࡔ䣎ᵝࠎ࡞შࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ䣍 ᅜࡢᇶࡓࡿྩࡢⓚᖇࡣࡇࢀࢆᮃ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿ┈࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࡣࡘ࠸࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ࡔࡽ๓⨨ࡁࡣࡸࡵ࡚䣍 ࢺࣝࢥࡢㅮࡀ㈼᫂ࡘᚲせ࡛࠶ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ᪂ࡓ࡞ᮦᩱࡲ࡛ࡘࡅຍ࠼࡚䣍㓄⪅ࡣ࠾ࡢࢀࡢᮃࡴ࠾ࡾᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᮏ㢟 ࡛࡞ࡅ ᥎ᩙ᥎ ἲࡿ㑇⏘ᶓ㡿ࡢ⨥ ࡣ࡚䣍࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣎 ዲࡁ࠸ࡓࡏ䣎࡞ࡽヰࡣ⪺ࡁࡁࡲࡍ䣍ᗙࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡑ࠺㢪ࢃ࡞࠸⪅ࡣⓚᖇࡢ⮧ୗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᭹ᚑࡋぢ࠼࡞䣬ࡓㅬࡉࡶ䣍ࡑࢀࡣࡼࡃศࡿ䣎ⓚᖇ┠ࢆࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࡘ࠸࡛㌿ࡀࡾ ࡞࠶䣍 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࡢ࠾ࢀࡓࡕࡣ
ࡅࡀ ࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋࢁ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ䣎
䢣
ࡑࡢேࡢࡓࡵ䣍
䢣 ࡑࢀ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 273
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࣐䣹ࢡࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡦࡾࡢᚑ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࡞࠸䣎ࡲ࡛ࡉࢀ࡚䣍 ぢ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶䣬࡚࠸ࡃࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠸࡚䣍ୖ䣍 ୖࡉࡋ࡚㐪ࢃ࡞࠸≧ἣࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ㌟ศࡶἠๆࡶയࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 㡬㠃ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࣝࢫࡣࡦࡲࡎᚋ㏥ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎ࡢᡓ⾡ࢆ㈶⨾ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡔᛮ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠾࡛ࡍࡀ䣍䥹බࡓࡕ䣍ᑟࢀ࡚ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ᪩㏿⏝௳ࢆ䣎࡞࠸ࡶ㝈ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡔ䣬࡚࣏䤀ࣛࣥࢻࡢ⋤ෙࢆத䣬࡚ ࡉ࡚䣍㞳ࢀ࡚ࡺࡁ䥺࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡶࡣࡸࡇࢀࡲ࡛䣎ᣄྰࡢ᪉㔪ࢆኚ࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ୖࡶࡈᏑࡌࡢ⏚ࢆ࠾ศࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡤࢀࡓࡢࡣ䣍 ࠾ࡲࡅࢃࡓࡋࡣᤕ ᡓᩗពࡣ㏻⏝ࡋ ࡲࡉࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕ䣍ࡶഛ࠼ࡓᩆୡࡢ⭎ࡢ୰ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡍ䣎 ࡣ࠸࠼࠼ࡓ⪅ࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛ᶒຊᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡘࡇࢆ႐ࢇ࡛ㄆࡵࡿࡢ࡛ ࡑࢀ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ᪂ᪧ᪉ࡢ➼᪘ࡀࡓࡶ༴ᛴࡢ࠾ࡾࡣ䣍 ㍤ࡅࡿᝨᫍࡢ㌷⚄࣐ኌ࡛䥺࠾ᛀࢀ࡛ࡍ䣍ㅮࡀḧࡋ࠸ࢺࣝࢥⓚᖇ ࡢᢎㄆࡋ࡚ୖཷࡅ࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ䣍ᩆୡ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢẸࡢഅീ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡲࡍࡒ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ┠ㄽぢࡀ⇍ࡋ࡚ࡇ ࡋࡋᦢࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓᅜㅮࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ⪅ࡣ䣍 䥹๓ᬒ ⾜ືຊ ⓚᖇࡢጤ௵ࢆ 䥹ᑠ ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡢ୰ࡕࢇࡲࡾ㛢ࡌࡇࡶ䣬࡚࠸࡚๓㐍ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ୖ䣍 ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࡡ䣎 ࡦ࠸༴㞴ࢆ㏨ࢀ࡚䣍 ࡢ႐ࡧࡶࡦࡋ
ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸㸟 ఱࢆᣐࡾᡤ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ᭹ᚑࢆᣄࡴྖ௧ᐁࡣษࡾ⪅ࡤࢀ ๓㐍ᚋ㏥ࡢ୧᪉ࡀ࠶䣬࡚⎔㐠ືࡣᡂࡾ❧ࡘ䣎䥹⏦ࡋฟࡿ䥺බࡀࡓࡢࡈධ᮶࡛ࡍ䣎ࡃ࠸䣎ㅮ࡞ࡎࡋࡃ࡚ᡃ៏࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣎
䢣 Ẋୗࡢᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ≬ẼࡢἋửࡔ 䢣 㣕ࡧ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎 ୖࡽ୍᮲ࡢග࡛ࡶᕪࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ
ࢫ
ࣝ
ࢱ
ࣥ ࡢ࣒ࣛ䤀ࢺ
32ࡣ䣍ఇᡓࢆ
࣐䣹ࢡࢫ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ ᑠኌ࡛䥺ࡋࡋ䣍ࡇࡢྜవศ࡞ឤࡌࡢࡍࡿ⏨ࡀࡦࡾ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡡ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍⥳࡞ࡽ┠ࡶ㢌ࡶ෪࠼࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࡉ࠶ࡳࢇ࡞䣍ᗙࢁ࠺䣎ጁࡶᾋࢇ࡛ࡇ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍⥳ࡢࢸ䤀ࣈࣝ䣎ࢃࢀࡓᮘ⫰᳔Ꮚࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ⣣ࢆᘬ䣬ᙇࡿ䣍ࡍ䣎ࡑ࠺ࡌ䣭࡞࠸ࡽ㔜ࡃ࡚㕌࠸䣎 ࠺ࡴ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㖄ࡔ䣎 㟷࠸ࢸ䤀ࣈࣝࢡࣟࢫࡣ⢭⚄㝔┤⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ࡲࡔⱝ࠸ࡽ䣍㏨ࡆࡿࡇ࡞䣬࡚ࡶ㡹࡞㊊ࡀື࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ័ࢀぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿⰍࡔ䣎ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣࢃࡓࡋࡣពぢࡀ㐪࠺ࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎㐨ࡀࢺࣝࢥ༨㡿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍࡛᭶᱇ෙࡀḧࡋ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛䣍ᛴ࠸࡛⏝௳ࢆ䣎ࡑࢀࡀ⤊ࢃࡾḟ➨䣍 ྠࡌ㖄࡛ࡶ䣍㣗࡛⭡ࡈࡋࡽ࠼ࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ኳᖥࡢ࢝䤀ࢸࣥࡀ㛤࠸࡚䣍ఱࡶࡶࡁࡕࢇࡋࡓ࠸䣍 ࡑࢀࡣࡶࡃ䣍 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ࣐ࢫࢣ䣹ࢺ㖠ࡢ㖄࡞ࡽࣃ䤀ࣥ㣕ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃࡀ䣍ᑡࡋ㣗ࢀࡤࡲࡓඖẼࡶฟࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ᮘࡀ㉥࠸ఱࡢㄯࡣᢤࡁࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍ䣎 ㆟ࡢᮘ᳔Ꮚࡣࡇ࡛ ࠾Ẽ㐵࠸࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ⥳Ⰽࡢᕸそ ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᪩ࡃ࢘䣵䤀ࣥᡠࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡾࢃࡅ㣗༟ࢆ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡇࢀ༠㆟ࡍࡿ⪺ࡁࡘࡅ࡚䣍࠺ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡓࡾ╔ࡁࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡀ᮶ࡓࡢࡣ䣍 ࡇࡇṧ䣬࡚䣍ࡀࡘ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡶ䣬ࡶ࠶ࢀࡽ䣍 ⭎ヨࡋࡋ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ⛣ື୰᪑⾜ 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺⪁ࡅࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࡡ䣎ࡇ ㌷⚄࣐ࣝࢫࡢ⎔㐠ືࢆᏛࡪࡓࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡇ 䥹ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺▱ᜨ ࡉࡽ࠶ࢀ
ᡓࡣዲࢇ䣎 ୍␒࠸ࡸ࡞ࡢࡀᡓ㣗ࡔ䣎 ࢻࢶ㥽ኈᅋ㛗ࡋ࡚ࡣ ㌷㝲࡛ࡣୖ࡛ࡶୗ࡛ࡶᢡ࠸ࡊࡇࡊࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ䣎∗ࡉࡲ䣍ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋ࠸ࡈᵝᏊ䣍࠾ࡧࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ࠸ࡀࡔࢁ࠺䣍 䥹࣐䣹ࢡࢫࢆᣦࡋ࡚䥺 ∗ୖᣵᣜࡣඹࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 274
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 䣎࠺䣎ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡇࢁࢆᨷᧁࡢ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎Ᏺ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ࡿ䥺ࢀẚ࡚࠶ࡢࢺࣝࢥேࡶ䣍 ᮏ≀ࡣᮏ≀ࡔ䣎ቯ⁛ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓࡽ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍ᚰࡶ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡸࡘࡽࡁࡓࡽே㤿୍య࡞䣬࡚Ὃ࠸࡛ࡁ࡚䣍 ᬑ㏻࡞ࡽᕝ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ䣍䥹ᚑࡓࡕ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀᭹ࢆ⬺ࡀࡏ䣍࣐ࣥࢺࢆ╔ࡏࡅࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ㛫䥺ఱࡔ䣎 ࡲࡶṊჾࡸᡓ㌴ࢆᢅ࠼ࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎䥹ᚑࡓࡕ䣍▷࠸࣐ࣥࢺࢆᣢ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ䥺ࡀࡇࡢୖ╔ࢆࡃࢀࡓࡢ࡛䣍ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࢃࡀ㝕Ⴀᡠ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ䣎 䥹࣐ࣥࢺࢆࡁࡕࢇ╔ࡿ䣎ᚑࡓࡕ䣍㞳ࢀ䤀ࣟ⪁ඛ⏕ࡁࡶษࡽࡎ䣎 ࡇࢀࡽࡣẼࢆࡘࡅࡼ ᕝࢆ㢗ࡾࡍࡿഃ➃㒊㝲ࢥࡢࢧ䤀࣋ࣝࡔ䣎࡞ࡿࡇࢁࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎㛫୍㧥ࡢࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࡢឡឤㅰࡍࡿ䣎࠺ࡴ䣍ᗘࡤࡾࡣࡲ࠸䣬ࡓ䣎ࢇࡢᩘࢭࣥࢳࡢᕪ䣍 䥹ᡭࡾࢆࡋ࡚ぢࡏ࡚䥺ࡔࡀ䣍Ꮚࡶࡢࡇࢁ⩦䣬ࡓ࣐ࢧࣔ ࡓ䣬ࡓ⊂ࡾ࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡣ䣍㜵ቨࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀⓙ䣍ᖾࡏ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡤ䣎 䥹⮬ศࡢ᭹ࢆぢࡏ࡚䥺ࡇࡢ◚ࢀࡼ࠺ࢆぢ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࢺࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබᏊࡣ䣍 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢ๓ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䣍ࡑࡢᡭࢆᥱࡾ䥺Ẋୗ䣍⏕ࡁ࡚࠾ ࡑ ᩛࢆࡦࡾࡎࡘࡸ䣬ࡘࡅࡓ䣎 ⋤ࡶஒ㣗ぢ⣮࠺Ἠୗࡢே ᘬ
䢣 䢣
ࡇࢁ࡛䣍㏥༷ࡢሗࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎㌷ᡠ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ḟဨࡣከ࠸
ࡰ㌷ࡢ୕ศࡢ୍ࡔࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ᡓ䣬࡚ࡣ㏥༷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡞䣬࡚䣍ゝ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ❧ሙࡣࢀ 䥹⾜ࡁࡘᡠࡾࡘ䥺୕ศࡢ୍䣍ࡲࡎ࠸࡞䣎ࡇࡢᡓࡣኻᩋࡔ䣎 ࣐ࣥࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢺぶ∗ࡀࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚䣍30ࡢ࢝ࣝࢺࡢᩳࡢᵓ࠼ࡀ᭱ᚋࡣᙺ❧䣬ࡓ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡢ㌟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚䥺ࡓࡌࡅ࡞࠸䣍ࡼ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ ㌷ࡀ ᖺࢆྲྀ䣬ࡓ㎰ኵ
䢣 ࡲ࠶࠸࠸䣎
ࣇ ࣜ
䣻 䤀 ࢤ ࢆࣝ
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢀࡓࡽ䣎ࡇࢁ⾜ࡃࡢࡣࡑࢀࡽ࡛ࡼ࠸䣎࠸䣎 ⌧ᅾᮍ᮶ࡢᙺ❧ࡘࡇࡔ䣎බࡀࡓࡀ䣍ࡽ䣍ࡶ䣬ヰࡋྜ࠾࠺䣎࢘䣷ࢤࢸ䣵࢘ࢫ ㅮࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡇࡢゝⴥࡣ⾑ࡀ࢝䣹࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡓࡂ䣬ࡓࡲࡲᚰ⮚ࡽ㢏ୖ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䣎ࡳࡀ Ẽศࡸࡽࡸࡽ⫋ศࡸࡽࡀࡌࡿࡓ࠾ࡾ 䢣 䢣 Ẋୗࡀࡇࡢ㌷ࡢᣦᐁࢆゎ௵ࡉࢀࡓࡽ䣎 ࡣ࠸࠼䣍⤖ᯝḟ➨࡛࠾ᛣࡾࢆචࢀࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡀ䣎 䣍 ⓚᖇࡀ䣍 ࡈពᛮࡍࡿ༠㆟ࡀࡇࡇ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࠾⪥ࡉẊୗࡢ࠾ゝⴥࡶᛮ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡘ࠸ඛ㡭䣍 ࡇࡢ䣍ㅮࡋࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 Ẋୗࡣ☜ಙࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍 ṧࡾࡢරࡶពẼ㜼႙ࡋ࡚䣍࠶ࡢᡭ❧࡚ࡋ࡚ࡣ Ẋୗࡤࢀࡓ ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺㸽 ᮲⣙ࡢ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᣄࡴࡶ▱ࢀࢇ䣎᭱Ⰻࡢ㜵ᚚࡣᣙᥱࡿࡀ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿ䣎ヰࡀ࠺࡞ࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍ⓚᖇࡢ⪥ࡣධ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶࡢࡔ䣎ᙼࡽࡣᡓࢆ୍ᗘࡌ䣬ࡃࡾぢ࡚ࡳࡿࡀࡼࢁ࠺䣎ඛ㡭ࡣࡑ࠺ࡔ䣎᪂ࡓ࡞䣍ಸࡶᙉⅯ࡞ᨷᧁࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢࡣ⪅ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎䥹❧ࡕṆࡲ䣬࡚䥺᪂ࡓ࡞ࡿᨷᧁ࠶ࡿࡢࡳ䣎 ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㐜ࢀ࡚ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡔࡀࡣᩋࡅࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ᛮ䣬࡚࠸ 31ࡤࡾࡢィ⏬ࡀ┠ࡢ๓ᾋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡇࢀࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡞
ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ࠾┠࡛
䢣
䢣
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 275
㝲㛗࣓ࣛ䤀ྉࡧኌරኈරኈ୍රኈ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝරኈ୍රኈ රኈ୍රኈ රኈ୍ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚㏥ሙ䥺║ຊࡸṇᙜ࡞ࡾࢆ≛≅ࡍࡿࡃࡽ࠸࡞ࡽṚࢇࡔ࠺ࡀࡲࡋࡔ䣎ࡽ䣍㔠㈌࡛ᡶ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡒ䣎ㆤࡶᡭⷧࡽࡋ࠸䣎࡞くᧁຍᢸࡍࡿ⪅ࢆເ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࠸ࡿරኈࡢ୍ᅋ䥺ᗘ䣍ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺䣎 䥹㔠㈌ࢆぢࡏࡿ䥺䥹࣓ࣛ䤀ࡶୗᡭ⛣ືࡍࡿ䣎࣓ࣛ䤀䣍ᙼヰࡍ䥺ࡿᙜࡓ䣬࡚ࡳࡓ䣎 ዪࡀࡩࡓࡾ䣬࡚ࡿ㤿㌴ࡀ≺࠸࡛䣍 ㆙
䥹ୗᡭࡢ⿇ࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚䥺 ⏨ࡀࡦࡾ ఱࡈࡔ䣎䥹⯙ྎ࡛䥺ࡼࡋ䣎ኪࡔ䣎䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡛䥺ࡉ࠶࠾ࢀࡶ௰㛫ࡔ䣎ࡽࡸࡿࡢ䣎⾜ࡃࡉ䣎ࢡࣥࢶࡶࣁࣥࢫࡶ࣓ࣝࢸࣥࡶ⾜ࡃࡒ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼䣍⾜ࡃࡢ䣎ⓚᖇࡢಱࡀ┐㈫࡞ࡶࡢ䣎ࡔࡋ࡚ࡶ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ఱࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡌ䣭࠶ࡲࡿ࡛┐㈫ࡢくᧁࡔ࡞䣎䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ⓚᖇࡢಱࡢࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀ㝕୰᮶࡚࠸࡚䣍ࡦࡑᣦᐁࡀ༑ྡ䣎
䥹⯙ྎ୰ኸ࡛䥺 ࠸ࡸ࠸ࡸ䣍 ┠ඛࡢࡁ࡞࠸ࡸࡘࡽࡢࡓࡵࡇࡢ䥹⯙ྎ୰ኸ࡛䣍 බࡢ࠺ྥ࠺㌟ࡾࢆࡋ࡚䥺 ࡣ࡚ࡶ࠺୍ 䥹࣓ࣛ䤀䥺 ᶵᩄ䣍 ᢤࡅ┠࡞ࡃ䣎 ࠶࠸ࡘẼࢆࡘࡅࢁ䣎 䥹ࢡ ࡋ䣬䣍ኌࡀ㧗࠸䣎
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ
䣍
ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ 㸟 䢣
ྲྀࡾᕳࢀ࡚
䢣
ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢᚑࢆᚑ࠼࡚ୖᡭࡽⓏሙ䣎࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබ䣍እࡽࡣ࡞࠾䣍ኳᖥࡢෆ㒊䣎⊃࠸✵㛫䣎ᚋᬒࡣ࢝䤀ࢸ࡛ࣥ㛢ࡊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎⯙ྎࡣ✵࡞ࡿ䣎ሙ㠃㌿ ⭸ࡲ࡛ᆶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㉁⣲࡞ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀㢼ࡢୖ╔ࢆ╔䣍රኈ୍࣓ࣛ䤀ဨ 㝲㛗࣓ࣛ䤀 ᩘே
ࢁࡄࡢࡀࡼ࠸ࡽ䣎 ࡛䣍ࡇࡢ᭹ࡣ࠾ࡉࡽࡤࡍࡲ࠸䣎ୖ╔ࢆࡃࢀ䣎ᗘࡣࡲࡇ㤳ࡢ⓶୍ᯛࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 䥹⮬ศࡢ᭹ࢆぢ࡚䣍ᚑࡓࡕ䥺ࡢ䥹ⓙ䣍ୖᡭᡠ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺ࡣゝ࠺࡞ࡼ䣎 ࡅ࡚㉮ࡾᐤࡾ䣍䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ⪺࠸࡚ࣅࢡ䣹㌟ࢆࡍࡃࡵࡓࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡣ䣍ᐙᛅ࡞ࡿ⪅ࡣྉ䣎ࡢᖹẸࡢ᭹ 㝲㛗ࡵࡀ
ࡔࡀ䣍 ᳔Ꮚࡣࡃࢀ䣎 ᪂ࡓ࡞⾜ືࡢࡓࡵຊࢆ࠼ࡿ๓ࡣ䣍 ࡢࢇࡧࡾࡃࡘ
䥹ྠࡌ᪉ྥ⥆ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣎 䥹ୖᡭࡢ⩌ࢀࡽฟ࡚ࡁ࡚䥺࠺㛫ྜ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍వィ࡞ࡇࡉ࠶䣍ⓙࡢ⪅䣍 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡉࡲ㸽
䥹ୖᡭࡽධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺 㐨ࢆ࠶ࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡈྩࡢチ⾜ࡡ 䢣 䢣 ࡉ࠶䣍 ⾑Ẽࡉࢇ࡛ᛅᐇ࡞ⱝ⪅ࡣ䣍ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡇࡢ
බ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠸ࡸ䣍 ࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡼ࠸䣎ṓ ࡁ䣯࠺ཷࡅࡓ㎯ࡵࢆᣔ࠸ཤࡿࡲ ୧ᡭ࡛ᙼࡢྑᡭࢆᥱ䣬࡚ࡽ䣍ୗᡭᛴ࠸࡛㏥ሙ䥺
ࡢኌ䣎 䢣 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ
ࡉ࠶䣍 ṓ
㸟䥹୍⥴⥆࠸࡚ࡺࡃ䥺 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ ṓ 䣍 䣍 ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ࣦ䣵ࣦ䣴䤀ࢺ ṓ ṓ 㸟 㸟
࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡑࡢ⋤
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 276
࣓ࣛ䤀 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ྉࡧኌ࣓ࣛ䤀㝲㛗࿘ࡾࡢ⪅ࡓࡕᩘேࡢරኈ ࡋࡓ䣎ࡽ⫼ࡏ࡚࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎 ᮏ㝕Ⴀࡢྩࡋ࡚ᣦᐁ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡉࡲࡀ䣍ࢺࡤࡾࢃࡾ䣍ࡣ⚄ࡢᜠᑋࡢぢ㎸ࡳࡀṤ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢኻᩋ㐣ࡕࡢ㈐ࡵࢆ㈇ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢆᢲࡋ㏻ࡉࢀ䣍⚄ࡢᜠᑋࢆồࡵࡿ⪷ᆅᕠ♩⛠ࡋ࡚ᡓࢆ㐙⾜࡞ࡉࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡍ䣍 ࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡀ⊒ୗࡢࡈጾගࡢ㍤ࡃࡇࢁ࡛ࡍ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠸ࡿㅖᅜࡢேࠎࡢᚰࢆ㝎ୗࡋ࠸䣎せồࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ⤯࠼࡚࡞䣬ࡓ䣎䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡘⓎࡓࢀࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡛ࡍࡀ┠ୗ䣍ࡍ䣎࠾ᛣࡾ࡞ࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡣ䣍 ࡑࢀࡶࡑࡢࡣࡎ䣍 ᨭ㓄≧ἣࡀኚࢃࡾࡲࡇࡢ㌷㝲ࡣࡇࢀ࡛࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡࡢ㡿࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡘࡶࡾ䣎ࢺ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎ᴦኈࡶ㋀ࡾᡭࡶ୰ධ䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䣎➗࠸ኌ䣍ᮼࡢኌ䥺 ࡇࡢᆅ⊒ୗ࠶ࡲࡾࡈᅾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓࡃ࡞࠸⏤䣍ྜ䣬࡚㋀ࡾጞࡵࡿ䣎 㟋㨦ࡢ∾⪅ࡣᩍࡢᩍ༊ࡀఝࡘࢃ ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ ࡋࡶ࠾⯙࠸䥹ᚋᬒ࡚⣲ᮔ࡞㡢ᴦࡀ㬆ࡾጞࡵࡿ䣎 ࠾⪃࠼ ࡑࡢሙᒃྜࢃࡏࡓරኈࡓࡕ䣍 ⊒ୗࡣࣉࣛࣁྊႏࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ ᩘ⤌ࡢ࣌ࡀ㡰Ⓩሙࡋ䣍 ఛ ࡑࡇ࠶ࡿ㓇ಖࡢࢸࣥ ᡭࢆྲྀࡾ ࠾⪺ࡁ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
࡛ࡣ⊒ୗࡢᩍ༊ࡀࡇࡢ㝕୰࠶ࡿ࡛ࡶ㸽 ࠾Ẽࢆᝏࡃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍䥹ᚋᬒ࡚䥺ࣖ䣹࣍䤀䣎ࢪࣉࢩ䤀ࡔ䣎ᨺ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎 ࡈᏳᚰࢆ䣎 ᚋࡣࢃࡀ㌷ࡢࡓࡵ 䥹ୖᡭࡽ᮶࡚䥺 ఱࡓࡿࡇࡔ䣎 ࡇࢀࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡢ㝕୰䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ⩏ົࡀࡑ࠺せồࡍࡿࡔ䣎 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࣉࣛࣁ⾜ࡅ 䥹ྠࡌືసࢆࡋ࡚䥺ࡼ䣍ᘵࡼ䣎 ୍ᚰྠయࡔ䣎ᩍⓚࣟ䤀࣐ࡣᕪࡋ⨨ࡅ䣎ࡳࢇ࡞ᘵࡔ䣎
ࣀࢩ䣻ࢱ䣹ࢺ
29࡛
ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබ࣓ࣛ䤀బࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥ ࣓ࣛ䤀 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ
యࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍࡿ䣎ࡤ䣓Ⰻዲ䣔ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ࡔ䣎࠶ࡢࡩࡓࡾࡣᛮᝨࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ㌷ࡣゎ䥹බࡓࡕ䣍ᑐ᪉ྥࢆぢ࡚ࡽ䣍⯙ྎࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅ࡚㏥ሙ䥺ࡀࡽ䥺ⓙࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢࡈධ᮶⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎 ࢃࡀࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘㌷ᐁࡍࡿẼࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸㐨ࡀᦂࢀື࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ୖࡢࡇࡣࡲࡔఱࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡇࢇࡢ䣎࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜࣥࡢྛබ䣍Ⓩሙ䥺䥹ᚋᬒ࠸ࡿ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍 ࡈ⮬ศࡢ㐠ࢆヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡽࢀࡲࡍ࡞䣎࠸ࡲࡏ䣎ࡇࡢ㝕୰ᡠࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡔࡅ࡛༑ศ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡏࢇ䣎࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡇ ࡑࢀࡶẊୗࡢࡈ௧ᚑ䣬࡚࠶ࡕࡽ࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡓࡀࡓࡢチ࡛ ୍ิᩚิࡍࡿ䣎ࢫබࡢࡇࢆ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࢀࡔࡅ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ䣎ࡁ⪥ࢆ㈚ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞࠸࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎฿╔ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ୗᡭࡽࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䣍ࢢࣞ䤀ࢶ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࡽ༠㆟ࡢࡓࡵࡔ䣍ࡢ㏨ஸ⪅ࡽࡀ䣬ࡓ㏨ࡆ㐨ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ⓙࡉࡲࡣ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡉࡲࡢ⫋ົࢆ௦⾜ࡉࢀ䣍 ࣞ䤀 ࡛ࡍࡽࡈฟ❧࡞ࡉ ࡧᐤࡏࡽࢀࡓබࡀࡓࡀࡈ ⊒ୗࡢᄱ ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 ⊒ୗࡀ ᩚิ㸟 ఱࡶ▱ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 Ẋୗࡣࡇࡇࡣ࠾ࡽࢀࡲ 䥹ᙼࡢࡇࢁṌࡳ䥺㛶ୗ䣎䥹࠶ࡎࡉ䣬࡚䥺ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒྥ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍බࡉࡲࡀࡓࡢ࠾ᡂࡾ㸟 䣍 ᙼࡽࡢ࠺Ṍ࠸࡚ࡺࡁ࡞ࢃࡓࡋࢆ㎯ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㉧ࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎 ࡓࡔ㢗ࡴࡽ䣍 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀 ࠺ࡶࡇࡇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸࡞䣎䥹⊂ࡾṧ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ୗᡭ๓ᬒ㐍ࢇ࡛䥺࣓ࣛ䤀㸟䥹ኴ䣬ࡓᮁࡽࡑ࠺࡞⤀ኈ䥺 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࢀ ࡦ࠸⇕ᾋࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺ 䢣 䣎᭱ၿࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࡋ࡚䣍⊒ୗࡣ䣍Ẋୗࡀ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 277
ࡦࡾࡢරኈ ࣓ࣛ䤀 㝲㛗 ࣓ࣛ䤀㝲㛗 ࣓ࣛ䤀 㝲㛗 ࣓ࣛ䤀㝲㛗࣓ࣛ䤀 ఱࡔ䣎䥹⯙ྎ࡛ዪࡢྉࡧኌ䥺ࡓࡋࡀබᏊ࡛ࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᨾ㒓ࡓࡾ䣍ࡉࡉࡸ࠸ࡓࡾ䣍ᚸࡧ㊊ࢆࡋࡓࡾ䣍㝜ㅛࢆ࡚ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡢ㛫ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡀࡓᐷ㏉䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡓࡀࡓ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢆ⬺࠸࡛ᣵᣜࡍࡿ䥺䥹ᩘேࡢ㯮࠸᭹ࢆ╔ࡓ⏨ࡀ⯙ྎࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡿ䣎ࡵࡔ䣎ࡇࡢ⏨ࡓࡕࡣఱ⪅ࡔ䣎 ᐀᪨ࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡇࢆබሗ࿌࠸ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢࡣࡶ࠺ゝ䣬ࡓ࠾ࡾ䣍㐍ࡶ୕㐍ࡶ⾜࡞ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࢀࢃࢀၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࢁ䣎ࡀ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣ⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃෆྥ䣬࡚㎥⭎ࡀ࠼ࡿࡢࡔ䣎࠸࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜⓚᖇࡢࡓ ࠺ࡕఱேࡣࡩࡓࡾᖗᏊࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࠺ࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࠸ࡘ ࡑࢀ䣍 እᩛࡢᡓࡀㄪࡉࢀ࡚䣍
㔠ࡢ㙐ࢆ╔ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿேࡓࡕ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᩛࡣఱ⪅࡛ ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢࡋࡋරኈࡶࢆ࠺ᐋࡵࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ࡓࡔ䣍ⓚᖇࡀᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࡶ࠺༑᭶ࡶ⤥ᩱ
㏦ࡾ㏉ࡍࡔ㸽 ࣃ䣹ࢧ࡛࢘㌷ഛࡣ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡀࣃ䣹ࢧ࢘ᮃࡴᮃࡲ࡞࠸䣎 ࡲࡔࡼࡃศ䣬࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ䣍Ẋୗࡀ࠾ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ྠࡌࡇ䣎ㅮࡔ䣎 䣍 ၥࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ䣍 ㄡ ࠺ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ 䥹ᤕࡽ࠼ࡓࢺࣝࢥዪࡢᡭࢆᘬ䣬ࡥࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺 㐪࠺ゝ䣬ࡓࡽ䢣
㸽 ࡃ
࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡢ࠺࡛ࡧᐤࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎
㏦ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎
26࡛Ẹරࢆເ㞟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡇࡇࡀ
ᡭ ➨ࡢරኈ㝲㛗ᡭ 㝲㛗⏥㥽රࡢࡦࡾ㝲㛗 රኈ⏥㥽රࡓࡕරኈ⏥㥽රࡢࡦࡾරኈࡩࡓࡾࡢ⏥㥽ර ࡇࡢ㝕୰࡛ࡣ䣍ຬᩒ࡞⪅ࡣࡳ࡞ᘵ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡉ࠶䣍ᥱᡭࡔ䣎⪅࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣍ࡼ࠺䣍ࡇࡢ⏨䣍 ᮅࡢᡓ࠸⮫ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࣝࢱ䤀ὴᩍྰᐃㄽ⪅▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍 ࡇࡢ⏨ࡢ᐀ὴࡢㄝࡃࡇࢁࢆ࿚ࢃࡎ࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍ࢆ⏬⟇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣎ࡢ䣎 ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡃ࡚࠺ࡋ࡚䣍 ᮅ䣍 ⮬ศࡣṇ┿ṇ㖭ࡢ࢝ࢺࣜ䣹ࢡಙ࠸ࡢ䣎 ㏨ஸඛ㠴ࢆࡘࡅࡓࡢࡣ␗➃ࡢ㍮ࡶࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ࡇࡢዪࡢ㢌ࢆࡕ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎 Ọ㐲ࡢᩆ῭ࢆ㢪࠺⪅ࡢ ᕷ㆟㌷ࡢࡸࡿࡇ࡞ࡍࡇࡳࢇ࡞ኻᩋ࠸ࡘࡣ࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎ᙜ↛ࡔࢁ䣎␎ዣࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡞䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎㐪࠺ࢇࡔ䣎 ࡔࡀࡢࡇࢁࡣࡇ࠸ࡘࡣ࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢ ษࡾ ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢ፵ࢆẅࡋࡓࡢࡀ࠾ࢀࡔࡽ䣍 ࡇ 䥹ᡭࢆᕪࡋࡢ䥺ࡉ࠶䣎䥹ࢆᢤࡁࡅ࡚䥺࠾ࢀࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࢆ䣎ㄡࡔ䣎䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝ࠺ேࡣბࡘࡁ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢺࣝࢥࣝࢱ䤀ὴࡀ࠸ࡘࡶࡄࡿ䥹ᙼࡽࡢ㛫ධ䣬࡚䥺ࢨ䤀࣒ࣛࣥࢺㄡ䣍 ㄡ࠸࡞࠸䣎䥹ࢺࣝࢥዪ䥺ᮏᙜ䣎 ᑐ୍ࡣ䣎ࡇࡢ␗ᩍࡢዪࡣ᩿↛࠾ࢀࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ྠ㒓ࡢ⪅ࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⪅ࡣ࠸࡞ ࢢࣛ䤀ࣥ
䥹ୖᡭ๓ᬒ࡚䥺ኻ♩࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ⪅ࡢゝ࠺ࡇࡣṇᙜ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ᡭࢆࢧ䤀࣋ࣝ࠶࡚ࡀ䣬࡚䥺ࡣ䣬ࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠸䣎 ⏨䣍ఱ䣍ゝ䣬࡚ࡿ䣎 ࡇ࠸ࡘ䣍࠾ࢀࡢᡭ䣍ᥱࡿ䣎䥹රኈࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺ࡑ࠺࠶ࡿ䣍ࡑ࠺࠶ࡿ䣎
䢣 䣍䣍
ཱྀࡀࡁࡅ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡀᮏᙜ࡞ࡽ䣍
ࡔ䣬࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࡞࠸࡛ࡶᛮ䣬࡚ࡿ
28
ࡢ⪅䣍ࡉࡀࢀ䣍␗➃ࡢ≟ࡶ䣎
27ࡢࡇ࠸ࡘࡢᐙࡣ࠾ࢀࡀ
䢣
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 278
ᡭ㝲㛗 ᡭ 㝲㛗 ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㝕Ⴀ ࡀ㤿ࢆ㣕ࡤࡋ䣍ࡢ⪅ࢆ㏣࠸ࡅࡿ䣎ࡀ䣍ᙼࡽࡶⓚᖇ㌷࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࣐ࢫࢣ࠸䣍࠶ࡓࡾࡣ⁽㯮ࡢ㜌䣎ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ࣃ࢝䣹䣍ⓚᖇ㌷ࡢ㥽ර䣬࡚Ώ䣬࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᩆ࠸⤥࠼䣍࢚ࢫࡘࡢᕝࡀᕪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞㡢ࢆ㡪ࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࢺࣝࢥࡢ㥽㤿ധරࢃࢀࡢ๓ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍䣍✺↛ጞࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎࡚䣍ࣝࢥேࡢࢧ䤀࣋ࣝࡢ㣵㣗࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍 ど㔝ࡢཬࡪ㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚䣍ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᩍࢆ◓ࡋ࡚㡹ᙉ⢓ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎㐪䣬࡚࠸ࢀࡤ䣍 ᚋࢁࡽྉࡧฟࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䣓ࣛ䤀䣍ࣛ䤀䣔ᗄ༓ࡢ㧨㠃ࡢཱྀࡀ䣍ࢃࢀᗎࡶሗࡶ௧ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࢃࡀ㌟ࢆᏲࡿࡢࡀ㛵ࡢᒣ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡽ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ༑ே䣎 ୗࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᩍ࠼ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎࠶ࡆࡲࡍࡀ䣍 ࿘ᅖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾨රࡶာරࡶ࠸࡞䣬䥹୍ᅋࡢරኈ䣍㝲㛗ྠࡌഃࡽⓏሙ䣎ࡑࡢ୰ᡭࡀ࠸ࡿ䥺 ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝࢆ䣍 ᡓኈ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣍ࢁ࠺䣎ᩛ๓㏨ஸࡍࡿẼ䣎 ᩛࡀࡇ࠸ࡿࡢ䣍࠸ࡿ䥺ᡠࢀゝ䣬࡚ࡿࢇࡔ䣎ྛ⮬䣍⮬ศࡢᣢࡕሙᡠࢀ䣎ࡁࡉࡲࡽර㝲ࡔ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᖹᆠ࡞ᆅᙧ࠶䣬 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࣛ䤀ࣉᕝ ᙼࡽࡣࡇࡢ⾑࡞ࡲࡄࡉ࠸ኪࢺ ࡶ࠺ࡦ ᩛࡀㄡศ䣬࡚࠸ࢀࡤᡓ࠸ࡲࡍࡀ䣍 ࡑࡢ ๓᪉࡞ࡢᚋ᪉࡞ࡢ䣍 ࡇࢀࢆࡲࡎ࠾ ⛛ ➨ 㛶ୗࡀ༑ಸ㛶ୗ࡛䣍ࡼࡃࡶୗࡢࡁࡉࡲࡀᣦᐁㄝᩍࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ㏨ஸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾䣬ࡋ䣭ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ⮬ศࡀ༑ಸୗ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺ࡶ䣍䥹ࡲࡓ࡛࠺ࡋࢁྥࡁṌ࠸࡚Ⓩሙ䣎 㛶ୗࡀ㛫 ࡞ࡽࡤ⏽ࡲ䣬࡚⏦ࡋ యࡢ๓▷࠸▩ࢆỈᖹᵓ࠼࡚ ᖥ
23ࡢ✵ࡁᆅ䣎ᚋᬒኳᖥ䣎
࢟ࣜࢫࢺ㸟㺃 ࢫ
୍้ࡢ⊰ணࡶ࡞ࣃ 24 䤀 ࡢሐ㓄ഛࡉ ࣄ ࡀ㤿
㝲㛗࣓ࣛ䤀㝲㛗 ࣓ࣛ䤀 㝲㛗 㒊㝲ࡢᩘே ࡀࢺࣝࢥරࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺㐍ゝࡋࡓ⪅ࡀ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋ䣍ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 Ẋୗࡀࢻࢼ࢘ᕝࡢྑᓊࢆࣁࣥࣈࣝࢡࡪࡿ࠺ࡀࡼ࠸䣎ᑗ㌷ࡢሗࡣ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡀពẼ㜼႙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࡣ䣍䥹ᚎࠎேࠎࡀ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ࡍ࡛࡞ࡾࡢᩘ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䥺బࡢ䣍㝕୰࡛ษࡾེࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡇ࠸ࡘࡇ࠸ࡘ ࡲࡓ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ䣍䥹࣓ࣛ䤀బ䣍Ⓩሙ䥺࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠾࠾⚄ࡼ䣍ࡏࢇ䣎ࡶࡃᣦᐁࡣ࡞ࡓ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡢࡇࢁࡣ᭹ᚑࡢᚭᗏࢆᅗࡿࡼࡾ┠ࢆࡘ䣬࡚ࡸࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡑ࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡽ䣍 ࡶࡋẊୗࡢ㔝Ⴀᆅࡵࡀࡅ࡚ఱࡓࡾ╔࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᑡேᩘ࡛ฟⓎࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡓ䣎୕ᗘ䣍ᩛࡢ⊛ᨷࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍ໃࡢ⪅ࡀࢃࡀ㌟ࢆ≛≅ࡋ࡚ࡽ䣍ࡇࡢ ࡋࡋ䣍ࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣍㏨㉮ࡋ䣍㜿㰯ྉႏ䣍ẅᡘ䣍ᛣྕ䣎࠶䣬࠸࠺㛫ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᛀࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡇ䣬ࡕࡽࡸࡘࡽࢆ᥈ࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡚Ẽࡣẟ㢌࠶ࡾࡲࢃࡉࢀ࡚䣍䣹ࢺ㖠රࡀⓎᑕࡋࡲࡍ䣎 ⾜ࡃࡶṆࡲࡿࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ḟ➨࡛ࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ⬥┠ࡶࡩࡽࡎ䣍 ࡸࡘࡽࡢᖐࡾ㐨ࢆ⾑࡛ࡍ㯮ࡃሬࡾࡓࡃ ᛶᛴ࡞ᙎࡀᩛ᪉ࢆ㛫㐪࠼࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡓࡔࡓࡔࢃࡀ㌟ࡢᏳࢆồࡵ䣍 ࡇࡇ᮶࡚䣍 ࡇࢁࡀᧁࡓࢀࡓࡢࡣྠ㒓ࡢ⪅࡛ࡋࡓ䣎 ࢺࣝࢥேࡀ Ṇࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡋ ࡇ ࡸࡀ࡚㌷ࡀ ᬯ㜌ᝨ
ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡞შࡀ㣕ࡧ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබᏊࡢࡢ㸽 ࡍࡿࡇࡇ࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㏫⪅࡞ࡢࡔ࡞䣎 Ẋୗࡣΰࡢ┿䣬ྈ୰࠾ࡽࢀ
ࡴࢁࢇࡔ䣎 䥹ᑠኌ࡛䥺ᤞ࡚࠾ࡅ䣍ࡢࡇࢁࡣ䣎ᩛࡣ᥋㏆ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾ䣍ࢃࡀ㌷ 䢣 ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡶ䣎
䣎 Ẋୗ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚䣍 ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ࠺
䢣
ࡲࡎᣦᐁࢆ䣎
䢣 25ࡸ࢘䣵䤀ࣥ⾜ࡃ㐨ࢆ㐍 ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤⓙ䣍 ᚑ࠺ࡢ
䢣
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 279 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡸࡘ࠸ࡓ࠸䣍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣎ࡇࡔ䣎㐃ࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࢀ䣎ࡁ䣬ዪࡢ࠺ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎㟷ᡯࡵ䣎㓇㐟ࡧ࠺ࡲ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ⬥┠ࡶࡩࡽࡎ✺㐍ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡢࡔ࡞䣎ࡲࡍ䣎ᗞ࡛ࡾᅇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ䣍ࣁᅾࡍࡿࡢ䣎ࡶ࠺㒓㔛ᡠࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࡠ⏝ࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ䣎 ࡑ࠺࠸࠺შࡔ䣎䣍ࡒࡃ䣬ࡃࡿࡢࡔࡽ࡞䣎 ฟ❆ࡀࢀࢇࡤࡾ䣍ࡿ䥺㛫ࡶ࠸ࡓ࠸䣎ⓙࡢ⪅䣍ධࢀ䣎 Ꮚ౪ࡢࡇࢁࡀࡲࡓᡠ䣬࡚ࡁࡓ䣎䥹ᛌά䥺ᘵࢆ㝎ୗ࠾ᘬࡁྜࢃࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡏࡿࡣ䣎 ࡓࡔࡋ䣍ࡶࡲࢃࡎࡶࡢே㛫ࢆᐮ࠸⛅ࡢኪ䣍࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎 ே㛫࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡒ䣬ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࢃ䣎࡞ࡢ䣎 ⓙ䣍 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䥺ࡲࡔࡇࡢࣉࣛ Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ ⏕ࡁࡓᮏ≀ࡢே㛫ࡢ⫗࡞ࡢ䣎 ⮬ศࡀះ࠸ឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣูࡢዪồ፧ࡍࡿࡋ ࡞ࡋࢁᗃ㟋ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࡢࡼ࠺ 䥹᮫࡛ᗋࢆ྇ࡃ䣎ᘐ⮧ࡓࡕ䣍ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃ ࡇࡇࡣே㛫ࡣ࠾ࡽࢇࡢ䣎ࡢፉồ፧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࠼ࡉࡏ࡚䣍 ࡑࢀࡇࡢ㟷࠸⾑⟶ࡣ⾑ࡀὶࢀ 㝎ୗࡀ࠾チࡋࡃࡔࡉࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 ࡦࡶࡌ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡉ ࢃࡓࡋࡣே ᙼዪࢆᤞ࡚࡚䣍 ࣂ࢚ࣝࣥබ
㝎ୗࡀ࠾ồࡵ࡞ࡾ䣍 ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡀㄪᩍࡋࡓࢺࣝࢥࡢ㤿ࢆ୰ ⓙ䣍 Ḽኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽࡛ࡣࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡀ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡇࡔ䣍ࡇ࠸ࡿ䣎ࡣ࡚ࡉ࡚䣍䥹ഭശ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ㦫ࡃࡼ䣎࠶ࡢፉࡣ⣽ᕤࡔࡒ䣎
ࡏ ࡴ ࡢ┿ఝࢆࡋ࡚䥺Ṥࡋ ฟ❧ࡍࡿ๓䣍 ࠸ࡃࡘㄪᩚࡋ࡚࠾ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠶ࡢேࡢᛶ᱁⏕άែᗘಙ௮ࡣࡲ䣬ࡍࡄ࡛ࡍ䣎⚄ࡢ๓ฟࢀࡤ䣍ᚰࡣ⨾ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
ࡾᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔ㸽 䢣
䢣 ᡭࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀ䣎 ࡇࢀࡣ⫗ ࢃࡀࡲࡲ࡞ 䢣
ዪᏊ౪
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡢኌࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ᖥࡀ㝆ࡾࡿ䥺ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃ䣎ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡶิ୪ࢇ࡛࠶⥆ࡃ䥺ᡭ᥋࿀ࡍࡿ䣎ⓚᖇࡣឡ῝ࡃ⬣ࡍࡼ࠺䣍㯲ࢀ䣍┠㓄ࡏࡋ䣍ࡶ㐍ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺබࡢ⫪ࢆࡓࡓࡃ䣎䥹⾜ิࡀືࡁฟࡍ䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡢྜᅗ࡛ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺࡣᙼࡢᶓࡘࡃ䥺ิࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࠎࢆぢ࡚䣍ࣁ䣹ࡋ䣍ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡄ䥺ࡓࡕ䥺⏚ࡀ᮶ࡓࡽ䣍࠶⥆ࡃࡼ࠺⏦ࡏ䣎 ୧බࡣⓚᖇࡢࡍࡄ┠ࡢ๓䣎ࡢࡶඃඛࡍࡿ䣎 ࣞ䤀࣏࢜ࣝࢺ䣍䢣 䥹ୗᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽᚑࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䥺 ࡾྥࡁ䣍 ᩘṌṌ࠸ࡓࡢࡕ䣍 ࢆぢ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࡉ䣬ⓚᖇࡢ䥹ᩘே䣍㏥ሙ䥺 ⓚᖇࡣ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶࡼࡅࢀࡤ䣎 䥹ࡢ⪅ ࠸ࡓࡎࡽᆓࡣࡇ⾜䣬ࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ᮶࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎
⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍♩ᣏᇽࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡀᑜࡡ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣍㝎ୗࡣ࠾ࡵࢆ ࡉ࠶䣍⮬ศࡢ⨨䣎䥹ࣅࣞ䣹ࢱࢆ⬺ࡂ䣍࠶࠶䣍ࡸࡘࡢኌࡔ䣎 ࣐ࣥࢺ⾰ࢆᩚ࠼࡚䥺䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺ䥺 ࡢ࠾ࡵࡣఱࡶ ࡑࡢ㛫࠾ࡲ࠼⏝ពࡋ࡚࠾࠸ࡓ㒊ᒇ
䥹ᡬࡽໃ࠸ࡼࡃධ䣬࡚ࡁ࡚䥺∗ୖࡉࡲ䣎 䥹ࡍ࡛ᩚ 䥹㒊ᒇࡢእࡽ䥺ࢭࢽ䣼䤀ࣝ㸟
䢣䢣
࠶䣬ࡕ࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 280
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࠺ࡋࡓ䣎࡞ࡐ㞳ࢀࡿ䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀ࠶ࡎࡉࡿࡢ࡛䥺࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ࡢᆅࡀࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ㐺ࡋࡓᅵᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎ᡓኈࡸᣦᐁࡶໃ࠸ࡿ䣎᪉ࡢ࠺ࡀࡼ࠸ࡽࡑࢀᚑ࠼࡞䣎㐵ࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎ᣦࡢᰤࢆ࠼䣍ࡶࡢᆅࡣ࣐ࣥࢫࣇ䣷ࣝࢺ ࡔࡀ䣍 ࡣࡦࡘࡢᩍ⩏ࡀ┿࡞ࡿྰࢆத࠺࡛ࡶ ࡸࡘࡣ⾜ືࢆៅࡴࡼ࠺ゝ䣬࡚࠾ࡅ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡢࢀࡢ⩏ົࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢁ࠸࠺ࡢࡔ䣎ࡀ㈼᫂࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ䣍 ࡑࢀࡢᆅࡣ䣍࠸࠺ࡇࡣศࡽࡏ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺䣎࠸ࡿ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ┠ㄽぢࡀࢃࡓࡋಙឤࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡋ䣍࡛䣍࡞䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢࡣ㸽ࡓࡾ䣍 ᪂ᩍዲពⓗ࡞ ⾡ࢆࡸ䣬ࡓࡾࡣࡍࡿ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ㏆࡙ࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ䣎 ᑗ㌷ࡢ⪃࠼ࢶࢆ㞳ࢀࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ᘵࢆࡢᆅࡦࡘ䣍┠ㄽぢࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ࡞䣎࡛䣍ఱࡀᮃࡳࡔ䣎࡞ࡐᘵࡣὶㅷᆅࡢࣜࣥ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡩࡓࡾࡣ∗ࡽ⾜ືຊࢆཷࡅ⥅ࡀ ࡛䣍 ᘵࢆ࠺ࡋ ࡶ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢᡓ࠸ࡸࡘࡀࡋࡓࡢ䣎࠺ࡴ䣎 ࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ䣎⾜ືࡔ㸽 ࡋ 䢣
ࡓࡔ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡑࢀࢆ▱䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍 ᘵࡣ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡏࡵ࡚䣍 ᫍࡢ⬣ጾ࡛࡞ࡃ䣍 ㌟㏆࡞⪅ࡦࡑㅛ䣬࡚
࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ㡿⿇ࡋ࡚ࢻࢶࡢྩ䣍ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࠾ࡅࡿ⤫ᖊᶒ࡛ࡍ䣎 ⓚᖇࡶ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢࡢᮃࡳࡣ ࡑࢀࡀ⾜ືࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺㢪ᮃࡔࡋࡲࡋࡓࡽ㸽䢣
ࡸࡘࡀ⾜ືⓗே㛫ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 㤿䣬ࡓࡾ䣍 ㉮䣬 ᘵࡢ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞䣎 ࠺ࡸࡽ 䢣 21࠸࠺Ṕᡓࡢຬኈࡀ࠾ࡾ䣍 㐍ࢇ࡛ᘵ⥲ ಟྍ⬟࡞⛬ᗘࡸࡘࢆ㞳ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡢ
䢣
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࡇࡢ䣎࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡣࡶ࠺ᐮ࠸ࡢ䣎ࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࡋࡲࡋࡓ䣎☜ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭩㢮ࡀࡼࡃᩓ㐓ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࡞䣎 ࢃࡀᡤ㡿ࡣ⣧⾑࡛ࡍ䣎⟅࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᅜእ㏥ཤࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓ䣎㡿௧ࡋ࡚䣍ࡓࡔࡢ୍᪥ࡋ࡚⣙භேࢆᨵ᐀ࡉࡏ䣍ேࢆ༶้䣍ࡶࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀ࢡࣛࣥࢣࣝࣥࢸࣥ 㝎ୗࡢᚚᩱᆅࡶࡉࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤᛮ࠸࠺䣎ᬯ࠸ࡈୡㄡࡀ䣍࠶ࢁ࠺࠾ࡓࡀ⫼ᩍ⪅ࡢ௦ᘚࢆ࡞ࡉࡿࡢࢆ⪺ࡠࡓࡵ䣎 ΰࡋࡁ䣬ࡓ⤖ࡧ┠ࢆ୍Ẽࡇ࠺࡞ࡍࡿࡔࢁ
䥹ᮘ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ᭩㢮ࢆḟࠎࡵࡃ䣬࡚㡰␒ࢆ⁛ⲔⱞⲔࡍࡿ䥺
ࡑࢀࡶ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢࢨࢡࢭࣥࡢፉồ፧ࡍࡿ࡛䣍 ேࡀ༶้䣍 ᅜእ㏥ཤࡋࡓࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡢチࡋࡶᚓࡎ䣎 ዪᏊ౪ࡶྵࡵ࡚㸽ゝ࠺ࡣ᫆ࡋࡔ䣎 ௦ᘚࡍࡿ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ㸽
⚄ࡣࢃࡓࡋࡑࡢឡᡴࡕࡘຊࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࡔẊ䣍 ⱞ㞴ⱞᝎࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⚄ࡣࢃࢀࢃࢀࢆ⫱࡚ୖࡆ⤥ࡑࡇ࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡎࡿࡼࡾ⏘ࡴࡀ᫆ࡋ࡛䣍Ẋ䣍 ఱᗘࡶᛴࡂ࡛᭩≧ࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍ゝ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ⾜ືࢆ㉳ㄡࡀ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡸ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡈᅇ ᑡ࡞ࡃ
ㄯࢆゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ䣎 ࡔࡀ࡞࠶䣍 ࡇࡢ
22࡛␗➃ࡢⱆࢆࡳྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎
ኪ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 281
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ
ேࡣ࡞䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺䣎ኪ㜌ࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸⪅ࡓࡿᫍࡢ䣍࡞䣬࡚ே㛫ࢆ⨨ࢀ࡚䣍ࡉࢀࡓ䣎ᫍࡣ⚄ࡀ᭱ึࡾ⤥࠺ࡓࡶࡢ࡛䣍 ࡑࡢࡣ䣍 ே㛫ࡣ⚄ࡽ㞳ࡋࡓࡀ䣍⾀⇵ࡔ࡛ࡶゝ࠺ࡢ䣎ࡢ䣎ࡿ㐃㙐⧅ࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀࡇࡢୡ◁୍⢏ࡓࡾࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡛ࡶᛮ࠺ ᫍࡓࡕ⚄ࡢࡳࡀ࢝࢜ࢫࡢୡ⏺࠶䣬ࡓࡢࡔ䣎 ࡇࡢ⿕㐀≀ࡀ࠾Ẽྊࡉࢀ࡞䣬ࡓ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 ࠶ࡢᫍࡢ᫂ࡾࡀ䣍ࡿ࠶ࡢ⾡ࢆᏑࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡣ࠶ࡢ⾡ࢆ ⚄ࡀࡇࡢୡࢆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢドࡽࡣ⚝࡞ࡿ࡞䣎 ᫍࡣ㞳ࡋ࡞䣬ࡓ䣎ࡅࡢࡓࡵ┿ᐇࡢ┈ࢆ䣍 ࡑࡢ୰⚄ࡣኳᆅ㐀ࡢᵓࢆ᭩ࡁグ ኪࡢ㓉䣬ᡶ࠸ࡢஒ㣗㐨ࢆ↷ࡽࡋ࡚ࡸࡿᏳ≀ࡢ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ࠸࠺შࡀࡲࡇ࡞ࡽࡤ䣎ࡀ㏕䣬࡚࠸ࡿゝ䣬࡚䣍ࡢࡦࡾࡀ䣍ࢃࢀࡽࡣ⚝࡞ࡿ࡞䣎 ┦స⏝ࡸᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡢỌ㐲࡞࠺㝎ୗࡢ㢠㝆ࡾ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ⨺ ༨ᫍ⾡ࡢࡋࡆ࡞ணゝࢆ⏝࠸䣍 ࡢ ࡍ࡚ࡢ⪅ࡢᖾ⚟ࢆᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 ࡢࡕࡓࡔ䣍᥍࠼ࡢ㛫࡛ࢃࡓࡋࡀ៧࠸‶ࡕ 㝎ୗࡢ࠾ᚰࢆ㝎ୗࡢẼ㧗࠸ࡈ୍ᐙࡽࡑࡴࡅࡉࡏࣝࣈࣞࣄࢺࡢ ࡶࡋࡸ㝎ୗࡢᐑ୰ࢆ⁀ࡲࡾሙࡋࡓ⭡㯮࠸ኳᩥ⾡ᖌࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡶࡋᕥᵝ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕḟ᥍࠼ࡿࡓࡀࡓ䣍 ⾑➽ࡢ㏆࠸ࡓࡀࡓࡽ༴㝤 ࠾࠾䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡀぢ ࡶࡋࡸࡢშࡀࡲࡇ࡞ࡽࡤ ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࢃࢀ Ẽ㧗࠸࣐䣹ࢡࢫࡢ䣍 㝎ୗࡢᘵࡂࡳࡀࡓࡢ ㈼᫂࡞ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ⚄ࢆಙࡌࡿࡀ䣍 ᫍࡣಙࡌ࡞࠸䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ᫍࡶ⚄⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ䣎 䢣 䥹࢟䣹࡞䣬࡚䥺 ぢࡅ䣍 ぢࡅࡢࡓࡵࡔ㸽䥹㢦ࢆࡑࡴࡅ࡚䥺ᤞ࡚࠾ࡅ ࠶ࢀࢆ⾡ゝ䣬࡚ࡳࡿࡋ࡚ࡔࡀ 20 䣍ࡑࢀ୕ே┠ࡢ ࡈࡽࢇ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎 ྂ࠸ಙࡢᛕࡀࡲࡓࡶࡸ㟝ࡢࡼ
࢚ ࢫ ࣭ ࣅ ࢚ 䢣 䣎ࣥ
䢣 ࠸࠼䣍⥅ᢎ㡰ࡀ➨୍ࡢࡓ䣍
䢣 ࡉࡼ࠺↓ୗ ࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ୍Ṍ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺ࡾ㎸ࡴ䣎㢌ࡀ⬚ᆶࢀࡿ䣎㛫䣎ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍Ẽ㐵䣬࡚䣍ⓚᖇྜࡋ࡚ࡀ䣍ࡢ㚝ࡀ㬆ࡿࡓࡧ䣍 ᪂፧ࡢᗋ䥹ᚎࠎኌࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡺࡃ䥺║ᕪࡋࢆࡋ࡚ᫍࡓࡕࡣࡢ⋢ᗙࡢ࿘ࡾౝ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡽ࡞䣎ࡾࢆࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍 ᗎࡣఫࡳ䣍 ኳୖࡶᆅୖࡶࡑࢀࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ࡣ➼ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿỌ㐲㛫␃ࡲࡾࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡔ䣎ࡿ䣎 ࡑࡢᐙࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡣຊࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍 䣍 ᫍࡓࡕࡢ㈼࠸║ᕪࡋ⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡒ䣎ࡀ䣍 ࡀࡢࢆ้ࡴィࢆືࡋ䣍ࡃ࡚ᡯ⬟ࡢ࡞࠸⏨ࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣྥᏛᚰࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣍䣍ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡓ࡞ࡽఱᗘ࡛ࡶ䣍࠸ࡸศࡽࢇ䣍⟅࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ ࡇࡢୗ⏺ࡢᆅࡣࡋ࠸㔝ᮃΰࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡳ䣎⛛ᗎゝ࠺ゝⴥࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡢᮏ㉁࡞ࡿ⚄ࡢᚚཱྀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ㧗ࡁ┿ᐇࡀ䣍 ⮬ศࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇᑐࡍࡿ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࡶᤵࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡢୡࢆ㏻䣬࡚ࡃࡿ┿ᐇࡢゝⴥࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡶᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࢆᣢ䣬࡚䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢྠࡌࡃ䣍 ≀ࡢዟ῝࠸୰ᚰࡣࢃࡓࡋࡣ㛢ࡊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎᳜≀ࡶື≀ࡶᶞᮌࡶ┿ᐇࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ䣍 ᚰ㟼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ⪅࡞ࡽࡤ䣍࠺ࡶ࠶ࡍࡶ䣍ࡢ⩌ࢀࡀ⨺㣫࠸ᚑ࠺ࡼ࠺䣍 ࡑࡢ ࠶ࡢኳ㧗ࡃ⛛ ࡑࢀࡶ࠺ࡦࡘ䣍 ኳᆅ㐀ࡢ୍᪥┠ྠᵝ䣎 ᩍ࠼㏻ࡾᩗ࡛䣍 ࢃࡓࡋ⮬㌟ศ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ⪅ ᡃḧࢆᢚ࠼䣍 ᫍࡣᩍ࠼㏻ࡾ⚄ࡢኌᚑ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣍 ࡋࡋ䣍⚄ࡢᚚཱྀࡽฟ࡚ࡇ ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡇࡑ䣍 ே㛫ࡢ୰┿ᐇࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡔ ὀព῝ࡃㅬ࡞⪥ ࡇࡢୡ ᫍࡶ▼ࡶ ࡁ䣯 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸ᫍࡓࡕࢆᚅࡕཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ䣍ࡋࡋᘵᏊ࡛࠶ࡿᖌ࡛࠶ࡿࢆၥࢃࢀ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋሪࡢୖ࡛ኪࡢぢᙇ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸✵ 䢣 䥹ࡉ䣬❧ࡕୖࡀ䣬࡚䥺ㄡ࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡍࡿྜྷ࡞ᫍࡀ 䢣 ୡ⏺ᵓ㐀ࡢຊࡀᛴ࠸࡛⾜ࡃ
䢣 ࡼࡇࡋࡲ࡞㢪ᮃࡀ
䢣 䢣 䢣䢣ගࡢᬒẼࡢ୰࡛ ࠶࠶ࡑ࠺䣎 䥹ࡺ䣬ࡃࡾ㯲
䢣 䢣 䢣 ⤖
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 282
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ⱝ㐀ᑐࡍࡿࡢྠᵝ䣍ࡸࡘࡣᢲࡉ࠼ࡘࡅ࡚ࡸࡿ䣎ࡼ䣍ຓࡅ⤥࠼䣎ࡢ⬚ࡢ୰᥈ࡋฟࡍ࠸࠺ទࡋࡳࡔ䣎࠺䣎 ࡃࡶࡶࡘࢀࡓୡࡢ୰ࡀࡸࡘᤵࡅࡓኳ㑧㨣ࡢⱆࢆ䣍 ࡼ࠸䣍ࡸࡘࢆࡃࡶṍࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡀఱ࡞ࡢࡶぢᴟࡵࡿࡢࡔࡒ䣎 ☜ࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡽࡏࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡔࡀ䣍ఱࡶㄆࡵ࡞࠸࢚ࢦࢬ࣒ࡔ䣎 ࡸࡘࡀࡇࡢㄪᏊ࡛ࡸ䣬࡚⾜ࡅࡤ䣍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ䣎ࡀಙ௮ࢆίࡵࡿ⾜Ⅽࡔ䣎ࡒࡢീࢆᘓ࡚䣍Ẹࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⚄ࢆ♭䣬ࡓ♫ࡽࢲࣥ ௦ࢆᡭ࡞ࡎࡅࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍 ࡑ࠺ࡶ䣍♽௦ࠎࡢ㢼⩦ࡸ䣍࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ௦ࢆࡶᡭ࡞ࡎࡘࡣࡸࡣࡾ௦ࡢᘵᏊ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 ⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛స䣬ࡓഅീࢆᓫࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ ࡔࡽࡇࡑࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࢆྏࡾ䣍 ⮬ᝮࢀ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࢃࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡾ䣍 ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎 ࡌࡁ㌟ࡀᣢࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ䣎 Ẽ㧗࠸▱ぢࡸ䣍䢣 ࢃࢀࡽ᪂௦ࡢᜍࢁࡋ࠸㢦ࢆぢࡏࡘࡅࡿࡒ䣎 ᝏព‶ࡕࡓ⪅ ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࡞䣍 ⮬ศࡢᡭࢆ䣬ࡓࡢࡣ࠸㝎ୗࢆ⼃ࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎 ಙ௮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣΎ࠸ᚰࡢ୰࡛Ύ 㧗ᗘ࡞ⱁ⾡ᑐࡍࡿᩗពࡀぢࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࡒ䣎ኵࡔ䣎ࡼࡃ᮶࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎 ࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࡀࢇ࡞Ⲩࢀ≬䣬࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࡶ䣍 ௦࠸࠺ᖌࡢᩍ࠼ࡓࡇࢆᐇ⾜ࡋ࡚ ࡓࡔࡋ䣍 ⨩ࡍࡿ䣎 䥹ⓚᖇࢆ⫰᳔Ꮚ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡃ䥺 ࡸ ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣍 ࡣࡦ࠸ទࡋࡳࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࢇ䣎 ࡸࡘ᱁㜚ࡍࡿ࠸ 䣍 㔝༝࡞᪂ࡋ࠸௦ࡀᗄⓒࡶࡢ⾨රࢆ✺ࡁ◚䣬࡚ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᢲࡋධ ∗ࡢ࢝䤀ࣝୡࡉ࠼࡛ࡁ࡞䣬ࡓࡇࡔ䣎 ⪷ࣘࢫࢸಟ㐨㝔 䥹⭜ࡅ࡚䥺ࡼ࠸䣍ࢃࢀࡽࡣࡇࡢᐑᇛ࡛ࡌ䣬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺䣎 䢣 ࠾࡛ࡁ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡶ䣎 ࡋࡶ㝎ୗࡢࡈពᛮࡀ࠶ࡢ࿘ࡾࡢࡍ࡚ࡢྩᅜࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ䣎⭜ࢆୗࢁࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎 ࡇ࡞࠾∗ ᛣࡾ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣຊࡎࡃ࡛Ẽ㧗
17ࡢᒣୖ⛣ఫࡋ䣍 ࡢᆅ࡛Ꮚ∵࡞
䢣 ௦ࡔ䣍 ௦ࡀኚ
18䣎ࡑࢀ
ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ᗘᏳᜥࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡼ࠺䣎ࢫࢺࡢᰤගࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ┠ㄽぢࢆᢪ࠸ࡓࡇࡀ࠶䣬ࡓ࡞ࡽ䣍ࡈᐙ୰ࡢẼ㧗࠸⋤ࡢ㠃ࠎ䣎㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟࡛ࡍ䣎ぢ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᩛࡣ䣍 ࡉࡽ⚄⮬ࡽࡀ㝎ୗ༠ຊ⪅ࡋ࡚ᤵࡅࡽࢀࡓ䣍ࢃࡀᖺ㱋ࡣࢃࡓࡋ䣍ᩘࢆᩘ࠼࡚ࡈࡽࢇࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ᩘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍ᩍࡢᩍ࠼ㄏᝨࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࡅࡢ☜ᅛࡓࡿຊࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࣟ䤀࣐ᩍⓚࡶࢱࣜࡶࣇࣛࣥࢫࡶ䣍ࡋࡲࡍࡈ㡿ࡓࡿ㝎ୗᛅㄔࢆㄋ䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡽࡣ࡞࠾⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⚄䣍ࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ᩍ࠼ࡿࡼࡾᏛ ࡉࢇ⾜ືࡍࡿࡽಸࡶవィ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺⊂ࡔ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋ ࡍࡿ༑ಸࡶⓒಸࡶᩛࢆୖᅇ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 㝎ୗࡢ࿘ࡾࡣࡦࡘࡢୡ⏺ࡢே㛫ࡀ༙ศ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍せࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡑࡋ࡚㝎ୗࡇࡑࡀࡑࡢ་⪅࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡼ࠺䣍ಙ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ⚄ࡢఝጼ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 㝎ୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡢᚚᩱᆅྠᵝ䣍 㝎ୗࡢ ⚄ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀ㝎ୗࡢୖ㝆ࡾ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡃ䣍ᡯ⬟ࡶ࡞࠸⏨ࡔ䣎࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞࠸䣎ࡽ㉢⨥ࡏࡿ࢝ࣝࢺ䣶ࢪ࢜ಟ㐨ኈぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⏨ࡔ ࡲࡎ࠾ᮃࡳ࡞ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎 㝎ୗࡢࡓࡵࢫ࣌ࣥࡶ 㐲ࡁྂࡽఏࢃࡿ⋢ᗙࡲ 㝎ୗࡢẸࡢ ࠸ࡲࡔ㑧 ࡍࢀࡤ䣍 ᙼ ♳ࡾࡀ⪺ࡁᒆࡅࡽࢀࡿ ௦ࡣ་⪅ࢆᚲ
࠾ࡲ࠼⮬㌟ࡢࡇ䣎⭎ࡣከ࠸ࡀ䣍ࡑࡢ㢌ࡣࡇ࠶ࡿ䣎 ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀ⒪ࢆᚲせࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ࠸ࡋࡓ་⪅ࡔ䣎 ࡋࡶ䣍 Ꮩ
ࢃࡀᚰࡀࡘ࡚࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢ⦾ᰤ࢚ࢫ▱࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࠾࠸࡚ࡶㄡࡦࡾཬࡪ⪅ࡢ࡞࠸ ࣭ ࢟ࣜ 㝎ୗࡣᏙ⊂࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࠾࠾䣍 ᖌㄝᩍࡍࡿᘵᏊࢆ࠾チ 㝎ୗࡢẼ㧗࠸ᚚ㌟ᡯ⬟ᑐࡍࡿఱ࠸࠺
19䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣᙅ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 283 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࢻࣥ ࣭ ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ぢࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࡿゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ゝ࠼䣎ࡍࢀࡤ䣍Ọ㐲∼⊹ࡔࡒ䣎⚄ࡢ࠼⤥࠺᪥ࡢගࢆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ࡀዪࢆḭࡃࡢࡔ䣎 ࡉࡽࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆᤵࡅࡓ⏨ࢆ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ䣎࠾ࡲ࠼ࡀẼ㐪࠸ࡵ࠸࡚㏣࠸ᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿፉࡣᨺ䣬࡚ࡸࢀ䣎ࡦࡋ࡞ࡳลࢆࡶ䣬࡚ồࡵ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡢ୍௳࡛ἲ⾜Ⅽࢆാ࠸ࡓẅேᖝຓ⪅ࡓࡕࢆ䣍ࡠࡢࡔ䣎⚄ឤㅰࡏࡼ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍㏻ࡌ䣍༝࡞ẅேࢆ⛠㈶ࡋᢎㄆࡋ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ㐠ࡀᕠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿࡸࡶࡋࢀࢇ䣎ࡀಙࡌࡓࡶࡢࢆಙࡌ䣍ಙ௮㛵ࡍࡿࡇࡣ⚄ࡢࡳࡀࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ᘵゝ࠸ࡀࡾࢆࡘࡅࡿࡣ䣍㏫⪅ࣝࢱ䤀ὴࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࡔ䣎▱ࡔࡒ䣎 ▱䣬࡚࠸ ࡇࡢឡࡢྡṧࡾឤㅰࡏࡼ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡼࡾ㈼࠸⪅䣍ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍 ኪ࡞ኪ࡞䣍ࡀṚࡠࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶ୍⥴ࡔ䣎ࡇࡢุỴࡀᩥ᭩࡞ࡾ䣍࠶ࡿࡢᬯ࠸ࡈẼศࢆ࠾ᤞ࡚࡞䣬࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࡣࡄࢀ⪅㦁ࡂࡍࡿ୍᪉䣍 ၿⰋ࡞⪅Ỵ᩿ࢆ௵ࡏࡿࡀࡼ࠸䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ ⨫ྡࡉࢀ䣍 ᐇ┤࡛࠾࡞ࡋ࠸ẸࡢᏊ ࣉࣛࣁᇛ㏦ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣍 ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡢ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ㏆ぶࡢዪࡔ㸽ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺㸽 ࡑ࠺䣍 ⚄࠾ࡲ࠼ࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢ୧᪉ࡔࢁ࠺㸽ࡑࡢ⪅ࡣṚࡠࡢࡔ䣎 䢣 ࡑ࠺ࡣࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣍 Ẋ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣḭࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎
ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡈࡃ㏆ぶࡢዪࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡋࡓ䣎 ㏫⪅ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡑࢀ䣍Ẋ䣍Ẋ䣍 ࠺ࢇࡢ୍䣍 ࡇࡢỿ㯲࡛ᚓࠎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩛព ࡑ࠺࡞䣬ࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡣᫍࢆぢ࡚ㄞࢇࡔࡶࡢࡔ䣍 ⮬ศ㏆ ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍 Ọ㐲ࡢᫍࠎࡀᅇࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ㝈ࡾ䣍 ⏨ 䢣 䢣 ࡄࢀ࠾䣬࡚䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡸࡾࡓࡣඛ้ᢎ ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡲࡔ࡞࠾᧦ㆤࡋࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡽࡤ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡢẕぶࢆ▱䣬
䢣 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡣ⮬ศࡢᖌ ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡣṚ
䢣
ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ ࢺ࣭ࣇ䣸࣭ࣥࢢࣞ䤀ࢶࣉᑟࢀ࡚䣍䥹ࡑࡢሙᒃྜࢃࡏࡓ⪅䣍ᚋᬒୗࡀ䣬࡚⾜ࡃ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࣝࣥ᮶ࡓᛮ࠸▱ࡽࡏ࡚ࡸࡿࡒ䣎ኻࡏࢁ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼ࡓࡕࡶࡔ䣎࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ⱝ㐀䣍ᾘ࠼ࢁ䣎ࡉࡶ࡞࠸䣍ᝏ㨱ࢆࡧฟࡋࡓࡽ䣍ᮏᙜᝏ㨱ࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡞࠶ࡿࡶࡢ䣎࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ఱࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡢኌࡣ࡞ࡓࡢ䣎䥹ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබ䣍ᡬࡢࡇࢁ⌧ࢀࡿ䥺࠾ࡽࢇࡢ䣎ᖇ࡞ࡿࡒ䣎 ᝏ㨱ࡀ༓༉ᐤࡾ㞟ࡲ䣬࡚ࡓࡓ➗࠸ࡅࡼ࠺䣎ᡭࢆࡅࡿࡢ䣎ེ㏫⪅ࡶ䣎࣭ࣚࢯ࣭࢚࣭࢚ࣝࣥ࣌ࣛࢻࣝ䣎వࡣⓚ࡞ࡿ䣎࿘ᅖࡢ⪅䣍ᛴ࠸࡛㏆࡙ࡁ䣍ⓚᖇࡢࡽࡔࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ䥺ࢃࡓࡋࡢࡽࡔ ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡢࡀ∳ᇛ࡛ᩛࡽࢀࡓ䣎ࡢ࠺ᡭࢆఙࡤࡑ࠺ࡋ᮫࡚ࢆᨺࡍࡢ࡛䣍䣬࡚࠸ࡿㆤ⾨ྥ䣬࡚䥺࠾࠸䣍࠾ࡲ࠼䣍▩ᵕࢆ㈚ࡏ䣎ࡑࢀ࡛ఱࢆࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠸᪉ࡣࡸࡵ࠸㸟࢟ࣜࢫࢺࡢ๓❧䣬ࡓᝏ㨱ࡢࡼ࠺࠶ࡊࡅࡾ䣍࠸⪅༴㝤࡞ᩛ࡞ࡢࡔ࡞䣎 ࡞ࡽࡤࢃࡓࡋࡀ⮬ࡽࡇࡢᡭ࡛ Ᏺࡾຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ⪅ࡣ ࡽࡔࡀࡼࢁࡅ࡚ಽࢀࡑ࠺ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡉࡼ࠺࡞㍮ࡣ䣍 ᢠࡍࡿࡢࡔ ࡘ࡚ே㛫ࡢᜥᏊ 䥹᥋ゐࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚㌟ࢆᘬࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ㄡࡔ䣎ఱࡸࡘ䣎ᅗࠎࡋ࠸䣎 ࢚ࢫ ࣭ ࣅ࢚ࣥ䣎 ࢚ࢫ ࣭ ࣅ࢚ࣥ䣎
䢣 ᙼࡽࡢ୰ኸ⾜ࡃ䣎ဨ䣍㏥ሙ䥺䥹ᙼࢆᐋࡵࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣝࣥࣉྥ䣬࡚䥺 ࠾ࢀࡀ៸
Ṋჾࢆฟࡏ䣎 ࡇࡸࡘࢆᘬ䣬❧࡚࠸䣎 㝎ୗࡢ⏚ࡋ࡚ୗࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎䥹ⓚᖇṌࡳᐤ䣬࡚䥺ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡢ䣎䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ྥ䣬࡚䣍 ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࡇࡢ㤋ᖾከࢀ䣎 ᡭࢆ㍍ࡃࡅ 16࡛ࡍ䣎ఱ࡞ࡾࡈ⏝ࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡍ䣎
䢣 㝎ୗ䣍 ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎 ࠸ࡀ
䢣 䢣 䥹ୖᡭࡢ➃❧
ఱࢆࡓࡵࡽ࠺䣎 䢣 15䣎ࡑࢇ࡞➗ 䥹▩ᵕ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 284
ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣝࣥࣉ ࡁࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ᛅᐇࡇࡢୖ࡞࠸⮧ୗ࡛䣍ࡢᗮ࡛࣐࣭࣊ࣝࣥࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡣ㤳ฮࢆゝ࠸Ώࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡍ䣎 ࡤࡤࡋࡃ䣍ࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ㌷ἲ㆟ࡀ㛤ࢀ䣍㝎ୗࡣࡈᶵ᎘ࡼࢁࡋࡽࡠࡼ࠺࠾ぢཷࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣍䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ᙼࢆᛣࡾࡢ║ᕪࡋ࡛ぢࡘࡵࡿ䥺 ࢺࣝࢥࡢ⃭㜚ࡢⱥ㞝࡛ࡋࡓ䣎 Ẽ㐪࠸ࡌࡳ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍Ⰻ࠸࠸ࡽ䣬ࡋ䣭࠸ࡲࡋࡓ䣎 㝎ୗࡣࡃࡶ㈗㔜࡞ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚࠾ ࡣேࡦࡾࡢ䣍䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍᮶ࡿ䥺 ⮬ᕫ㜵⾨࡛ࡸࡴࢆ࠼ࡎ⾜䣬ࡓẅே࡛࠶ࡿࡢ䣍ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎䥹ⓚᖇ䣍⯆ࡆ᮫࡛ᗋࢆᡴࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺ࡶࡋࡸ䣍࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼሗ࿌ࢆ࠾⪺ࡁ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛ ⚄ࢆ䥹ⓚᖇ䣍㤳ࢆᶓࡿ䥺 ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࣝࢱࢧ࣭ࣝࢫࢽ࢞ࡀᣏㅜࢆ㢪࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡛ࡍࡽ࠾㢪࠸࡛ ヨࡳࡽࢀࡲࡏ䣍 ᙼࡣ㝎ୗࡢࡿ⪅ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 㤳ᑿࡼࡃ⾜ࢀࡲࡍேࡀཧෆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣヰࡉࡀࡸࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ ࡑ ࣃ䤀ࣃࡣᩛໟᅖࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ ᙮้ࢆࡋࡓ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㧗౯࡞▼ࢆၟ䣬࡚࠸ ⏦ࡋࡲࡍ㸽ࡓࡔ䣍㔠㢠ࡀࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡑ࠺࡛䣎ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡽሗࡏࡀᒆ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࣛ䤀ࣉࡣゎᨺࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀ䣍 ࡓࢃࡅࡀ䣎࠾࠺䣎
㝎ୗࡢᚚᡭཱྀ࡙ࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎
䢣
䢣 ࡋࡇࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࢫ࣌ࣥࡽࡢ㐵࠸ࡢ⪅ࣂ 䥹ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡼࡾໃ࠸ࡼࡃ䥺 ࣇ䣵ࣞࣥࢶ䣷ࡢၟ
14䣎ࡢᆅࡢ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᖹศᏊ
䢣
࡞ ࡳ 㸽 ࡍࡿࡇࡢุỴࢆ࡞
䢣
ࣝࣥࣉ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝࣥࣉ 䥹ⓚᖇ䣍⯆ࡆ᮫࡛ᗋࢆᡴࡕ㬆ࡽࡍ䥺ࡈ⨫ྡ࡞ࡉࢀࡤဨᐄ࡚ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎ᢎ▱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡶ䣎䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ໟࡳࢆྲྀࡾ䣍࠶ࡊ➗࠺ࡼ࠺ୖ᭩ࡁࢆㄞࡳ䣍㏉ࡍ䥺ࡼ䣬࡚ࡈỴ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇ䣎ࡇࢀࡣࡋࡓࡾ䥹ⓚᖇࡑࡢᩥ᭩ࢆᕪࡋฟࡍࡀ䣍ⓚᖇ䣍ࡇࢀࢆ᧕ࡡࡘࡅࡿ䥺䥹ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ᑒ༳ࡉࢀࡓໟࡳࢆᣢ䣬࡚ᡠ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ᩥ᭩సᡂࡣࣉࣛࣁᪧᕷ⾤ࡢホ㆟ཧᑂࡾࡀ䣍㝎ୗࡶࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀࡛༑ࡢᡓࡢࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡢࡔ䣎ࡍࢀࡤ䣍 ࡛ࡍࡀᐹࡋࡲࡍࡿࡇࢁ䣍ၿ⪅࡛࡞ࡽࡎ⪅࡛ࡍ䣎ࢀᘬࡁẚࢀࡤ䣍 ࡇ࠺࠾⪃࠼࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸䣎ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎ࡼࢁࡋࡅࢀࡤ ࡇࡢ⏨ຬᩒ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ⪅ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎ุỴᩥ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡈ⨫ྡ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡓࡵᐁᡣ⨨࠸࡚ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡀᛣࡾࡢ⅖ࡢ࠶ࡲࡾ䣍 ุỴᐇ㝿ࡽᨺࡿ䥺 ᙼࡀẅࡋࡓᩛ࡞ዪࡸᆓࡢ㏣ᚑ⪅ࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ䣎䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࡋ࡚䣍ࡲࡓ༙ࡤទᛌ࡞ฟ᮶ࡢࡓࡵ䣍బࢆࡾẅࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 䣍 ႖ვ┦ᡭࢆ࠺ࡕẅࡋࡓࡢྠࡌᛣ᥈ࡋ≀ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣍䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ᑜࡡࡿࡼ࠺ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ䥺࠾ࡅࡲࡍࡼ࠺࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣍ዴఱ࡞ࡿᡭẁࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡋ䣯࠺ࡶ䣎ࢀ䣍 ࢃࡓࡋࡣぢẅࡋ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢆ䣍 ࢃࢀࢆᛀࢀࡓ ᮘࡢୖࡢ᭩㢮ࢆ୍ᯛ୍ᯛྲྀ䣬࡚ࡣ䣍 ഇ ࡑ ᩆࢃࡎࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࢆྲྀ䣬࡚ ࡤࡽࡤ ุỴᩥࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࡇࢀࡣ࣐࣭࣊ࣝࣥࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࡢ୍௳࡛ࡋ࡚䣍 ᙼࡣ༙ࡤ⒯Ⓝࢆ㉳ࡇ
䢣 䢣 䢣 㝎ୗࡣ䣍 ⏽ࡃࡶࡼ࠺㔜࡞ᩥ᭩ࡣ䣍㝎ୗ䣍ྲྀ䣬࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ຬᩒ࡞⏨ᜠ㉧ࢆୗࡉࡿࡇ࠶ࡽࡌࡵឤㅰ࠸⮬ࡽࡢࡈពᛮ 䥹ୖᡭࡢᡬࢆ㏻䣬࡚㏥ሙ䥺
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 285
࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䣍ᙼ㏆࡙ࡃ䥺䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ㄞࡳ࡞ࡀࡽኌ࡛➗࠸ฟࡍ䥺࠾㞃ࡋ࡞䣬࡚ࡶศࡾࡲࡍ䣎ࡲࡓ࠾࠸࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍ඛྠᵝࡢⲡ䥺ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࡢࡶ࠾࠸࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍୍▐⪺ࡁ⪥ࢆ❧࡚䣍ᮏࡽ┠ࢆ㞳ࡍࡀ䣍ࡲࡓㄞࡳ⥆ࡅࡿ䥺ࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀ࠾╔ࡁ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࡚ᡭྲྀ䣬ࡓᮏࢆ㛤࠸࡚ㄞࡴ䥺䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ᮘࡢୖ࠶ࡿᡭ⣬㢮ࢆࡴࡼ࠺ᢲࡋࡢࡅࡿ䣎䥹ᮏࡀᩘࡢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿᮘྥ࠸䣍ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࢆྲྀࡿ䥺ᮏୖࡆࡿ䥺ࣝࣥࣉ䣍䥹ⓚᖇ䣍ࡿ䥺 ࡇࡢ⤮ࢆ㈙࠺䣍 ᯛ┠ࡢ⤮ࡢ๓❧䣬࡚䣍 ┠㢦࡛ྜᅗࡍࡿ䣎⭜ࢆୗࢁࡋ ᢎㄆࡢྜᅗࢆ㏦ࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀྠྑᡭࡢᣦࢆ୕ ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚ࡽ
࣐ࢻࣜ䤀ࢻࡢᐑᘐὴ㐵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㝎ୗࡢ⪅ࡽ⮳ᛴ౽ࡶ᮶࡚ࢫ࣌ࣥࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎༓࡛ࡍ࡞㸽 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺 ࡉ࠶ຬẼࢆฟࡋࡲࡏ䣎 㟈࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡇ䣍
⚄ࡢࡈࡁリேࡔࢹ ₻ࡣࡼࡋ䣎㝎ୗࡣࡈᶵ᎘ࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎࠸ࡊ䣎 䥹႐ࢇ࡛䥺࣭ࣟ࣌ࢹ࣭࣋䤀࢞䥹⃭ࡋࡃ䥺୕༓ࡔ䣎 ྩࡋ࡚ⓚᖇࡓࡿ㝎ୗ䣍䣵 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵ䣍 ᇝࢆ㢳ࡳࡎ䣍 ࢃࡀ ࣅ 䤀 ࣀ ࣭
࢘
ࢺ 䤀 䣎ࢫ࣌ࣥࡢṚ㫽ࡔࣝ
ࣇ䣷ࢽ䣹ࢡࢫ࣭ࢹ࣭࢚ࢫࣃ䤀ࢽ䣺
12ࡔ䣎
䣎
ࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇࣝࣥࣉࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ 䥹ࣝ䤀ࢻࣝࣇ䣍࠸ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ⲡ䥺ࡆ䣍ⓚᖇΏࡍ䥺ࡈᮏࢆ䣎䥹ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ㐃ࢀࡽࢀ࡚㏥ሙ䥺ࡽࢀࡼ࠺䣎 ࡔ䣍ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࡢࡔ䣎ࡍ䣎ᑐࡍࡿ⥅ᢎᶒࡶ䣍 䥹ⓚᖇࡢ᳔Ꮚࡢ⬥ᜥ∦ᡭࢆ⨨ࡃ䥺ࡲࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡵࡣேࡶ⩎ࡴࡍ࡚ࡢᶒ䣍 ᚰᏳࡽṚࡡࡿሙᡤࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ䣍ࡴ䣎 䣕ᛀ༷ࡢᣦ㍯䣖䣎 ࠸ࡘࡢ᪥⋢ᗙࢆᚋ⥅ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᕼᮃࡶ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲὶㅷࡢᆅࣜࣥࢶ ࢃࡀᡤ᭷≀ࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿᡤᏑ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ ࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾ䣍 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜ ⚄ࡼ䣍ࡇࢀࡽ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ䥺ࡉ䣬䣍࠾ୗࡀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 䥹ⓚᖇࡀᢞࡆᤞ࡚ࡓᮏࢆᣠ࠸ୖ⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡑࢀࢆẊୗࡀ↓⌮ࢆ㏻ࡑ࠺࡞ࡉ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛䣎
䥹࠺ࡘࢁ࡞ኌ࡛䥺ࡦࡾ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎 䥹ㄡゝ࠺ࡶ࡞ࡃ䥺ࡦࡾ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡉࡉ䣍ࡇࡕࡽ䣎ࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡀỈࡢἻ࡛ࡍ䣎䥹ࡲࡍࡲࡍ⃭᪸ࡋ࡚䥺ࡦࡾࡋࢁ䣎䥹᮫ࢆᣢࡕୖࡆ䣍ࣝࣥࣉྥࡅ࡚䥺ࡦࡾࡋࢁ䣎ఱ⪅ࡔ䣎 䥹ᮏࡽ┠ࢆୖࡆ࡚䥺ࢯࣝࢸ䣵ࣁ࣭ࢹ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣝࣅࢻ ⴿ䣬࡚ࡃࢀ䣎⚄ࡼ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍Ẋ㸟 ࢃࡓࡋࡶᚰࡢᏳࡽࡂࡀ࠼⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ
13ࢆ࠶ࡋ࡚
ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ㸟䢣 ࣝࣥࣉ䣎ࡦࡾ࡞ࡾࡓ࠸䣎䢣 䢣 ࠺ࡴ䣍ㄡࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡢࡔ㸟
䥹ࡦࡊࡲࡎ࠸࡚䥺ྩࡋ࡚ⓚᖇࡓࡿ㝎ୗ䣍
䢣
䢣
ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ࡦࡾ 䢣
ࡩࡴࡩ
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 286
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣝࣥࣉ ౝᚑ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࣥࣉࢻࣥ ࣭ ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࣥࣉ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 䥹ౝᚑ䣍㏥ሙ䥺࠸ฟ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎䥹ࡦࡾࡢౝᚑ䣍ධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ᡤᮃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎ࡣᙼࢆ࠸ࡓࡃឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎࠾ศࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎⪥ᡴࡕࡍࡿ䥺ࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ䣎ࢁ࠺ࡼ䣎ࡢࡣዪࡓࡕ࡛ࡍ䣔䣎ࡍࡿ㝎ୗࡣ࠾➗࠸࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ୕༑௦ࡔ㸽
ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀࣐ࣝࢡࡢࣇ䣷ࣝࢹ䣵ࢼࣥࢺබࡀ࠾ᡂࡾ࡛ࡍ䣎 ᣏㅜࢆ㢪 ࠸ࡸࡣࡸ䣍ẊୗࢆḼ㏄࠸ࡓࡍ⏦ࡏ䣎 ࠾ᮃࡳ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ⱝࡉࡲࡢࡶࡢ䣎ࡁ䣯࠺䣍ⓚᖇࡀྫྷࡉࢀ䣍㉎ධࡉ↓ㄽ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ୍ࡢࡈ㎞ᢪࢆ䣎 ⓚᖇ㝎ୗ࠾
࠾ศࡾ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ᮍ᮶ࡢⓚᖇ䣍࠸ࡎࢀ࠾⪺ࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀ䣍せồ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎 ࡉࡼ࠺䣍 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜࡢᎠᏊࡢࡈධ ࠶ࡢ⏨࡛ࡍ䣎ࡈᏑࡌ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࡢᐑ୰࡛ぢࡘ䣬ࡓᤞ࡚Ꮚ࡛ࡍ䣎䢣 ⓚᖇ
ఱࡢࡓࡵࡔ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎࠶ࡢⱝ㐀ࡣㄡࡔ䣎 ศ䣬ࡓ䣍䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ศ䣬ࡓ䣎 ᗞ࡛ᘬࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㤿ࡣㄡࡢࡶࡢࡔ䣎
䣬࡚ࡳࡿࡒ䣎 䥹㏥ሙ䥺 ࡼࡃศࡿ䣎 ࡑࡢሙᒃྜࢃࡏࡓࡽ䣍 ࠾ࢀࡔ䣬࡚➗䣬ࡓ
࠶ࡢ⭡⬮࡛㸽
䢣
࡛ࡣ୍ᗘ䣎 ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ
ࡑࢀ࡛࠺࡞ࢇࡔ䣍 ࢃࡏ࡚
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣝࣥࣉ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣝࣥࣉ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࣝࣥࣉ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࡁᦆࡌ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ಶᡤࢆ♧ࡍ䣎ࡢ๓࡛❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ䣍䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢ⏨䣍ࡽᩘேࡢᑠጣ䣍䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡢㆤ⾨ࡀୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࡽ⌧ࢀ䣍ࡢ⬥ᡬࡢ࠺ࡋࢁࡲ࡛ୗࡀࡿ䣎ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ᙼࡢࡑࡤ䥺 ⤮⏬ࢆᣢ䣬࡚ⓚᖇࡢ㏻ࡾ㐨ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ䣎䥹ࡍ࡚ࡢ⪅ࡀᜤࡋࡃᅛၚࢆ࿐ࢇ࡛❧䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡌ䣬═ࡵ䣍ࡿ䣍ࡍ࡚ࡀࡇࡢ▐㛫䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ⓚᖇࡀ㤳ࢆᶓࡿ䣍࡞䣬࡚䣍ヰࡋࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎࠾ฟ࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ᮫࡛⤮ࢆᣦࡋ䣍⾜ࢀࡿࡁ䣍 ⮬ศࡢᕥ⭎࡛ࡑࡢ⤮ࡀᥥ ࠾㏻ࡾ࡞ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡺ࠼䣎 ࡑࡢᡬࡢ୧⬥㌟ᵓ࠼ࡿ䣎 ⤮ࡣᣢࡕཤࡽࢀ࠺⬥࠾ୗࡀࡾࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣍⏽ࡲ䣬࡚࠾㢗ࡳ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ䣎 ⓚᖇ䣍䥹ࡦࡾࡢౝᚑ䣍ୖᡭࡢ⬥ᡬࢆ㛤ࡃ䥺ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබ䣍୍ᯛࡢ⤮ 㢪ࢃࡃࡣ䣍 ࡑࢀ࠺࡛࠸࠸ࡢ ୗᡭ 㝎ୗࡀẊୗࢆ࠾ㄆࡵ᮶࡛ࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ࡞ࢁ࠺࡞ࡉࡽ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ䣎 ࡉࢀࡤ䣍࠺ࡈ㓄៖ࢆ䣎 ⚄ࡢᛮ࠸ࡢࡲࡲ䣎ⓚᖇ㝎ୗࡀ࠾ฟ࡛࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࠶ࡕࡽ࡛࠾ᚅࡕࡃࡔࡉࡾࡲࡏ䣎 ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡀ㝎ୗ࠾チࡋࢆㄳ࠺ࡲ࡛䣍 ࣑ࢧ
㟷ࡃ࡞䣬࡚࠾࠸࡛ࡔ䣎 ࡉ࠶ࡉ࠶䣍 ຬẼࢆฟࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ䣎 ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ៃ࡚࡞ࡉࡽࡎ䣎ᶒຊࡣࡲࡔᡭධࡾࡲࡏࢇࡒ䣎 ఙࡿ Ẋୗࡣࡇࡢ࠺࠼ఱࡶࡶࡪࡕቯࡋ࡞ࡉ
ࡃ࠸ࡒ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣⓚᖇࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࢇ䣎ࡇࡇࡽୗࡀࡽࢇࡒ䣎 ࡛ࡣ䣍≀ஒ࠸ࢆࡏࡼ㸽䢣 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆ㢪࠸ฟࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀࡽ䣍
ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋⓚᖇࡀⓏሙ䣎᮫࡛㌟ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ䥺 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ䣍ࡑࢀࡽ䣍ᶒຊࢆᤸᥱ
䢣
䢣
ࡇ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 287 ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣝࣥࣉ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ 㛶ୗ䣍බࡢࡣⓚᖇ㝎ୗᣏㅜࡲࡾ࠼ࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎ྥ࠺䣎Ṥࡑࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡓࡇࢁ࡛䣍ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࡀ⾜ࡃᡭࢆ㐽ࡿ䥺䥹ౝᚑ䣍⫼࡛Ṍࡃ䣎ࡉࡁࡢౝᚑࢆᚑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ䥺䥹ࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ୖᡭࡢ␒┠ࡢ⬥ᡬࡽⓏሙ䣎⭆᭩㢮ࢆᢪ࠼䣍⊧ ᡭ࡛࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡍࡀ䣍ࡀࡿ䥺ࣝࣥࣉࡢࡀ࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ࡈ⮬㌟࡛⏝௳ࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎ࡢᖾ㐠ࡣ䣍ᩍࡢᖾ㐠ࡣ䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࢃࢀⓙࡢᖾ㐠ࡣẊୗḟ➨࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡢୖࢃࡎ࡞㔜ࡳࡀቑࡋ࡚䣍࡛ࡍ䣎ࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀ࡢ⤫ᖊᶒࢆᡤᮃ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡏ䣎 ኳ⛗ࡤࡾࡢࡣ㔮ࡾྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࣝࣥࣉ䣍ࡃᚸࡢ୍Ꮠ䣎ㅉࡵࡿࡔࡢ䣍ᖾࡏ࡞⨺㣫࠸ࡔࡢࡤࡾࡣࡈ຺ᘚ㢪࠸ࡲࡍ䣎Ẋୗࡢ㉃ࡅࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡒ䣎ࣥࡉࡲࡢ࠾Ꮚࡓࡕࡢ㈼ࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ㸟䥹࿘ᅖࢆぢࡲࢃࡋ࡚ࡽ䣍ᑠኌ࡛䥺 ࡇࢀ㡻╔ࡏࡎ୰ᡬẊୗࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࡇࡢࡼ࠺୧ᴟ➃㉮ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡛ࡍ䣎 Ẋୗࡢࡕ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡢ୰ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ᢎᶒࡶࡳ࡞ㅉࡵࡿ䣎ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ䣍ࡢ⏫⤫ᶒࢆᤵࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿࡼ࠺㢪࠸ฟࡿࡘࡶࡾࡔ䣎 䥹࠺ࡋࢁୗ ⤫ᖊᶒ࡛ࡍࡒ䣎 ᑡࡋ㛫ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍 ࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣜᅵᑐࡋ࡚ᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡓࡋࡢ┦⥆ᶒࡶ⋤⥅ ⋤⥅ᢎࡢ᪥ࡢ᮶ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ษࡾᮐࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡍࡽ࡞䣎 ࣁࣉࢫࣈࣝࢡᐙ ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀ࡀఱ Ẋୗࡢ─ ࡲ䣬ࡓࡃ䣍 ࣐ࢡࢩ࣑䤀ࣜ ࡶ ࡑࡢࡁࢃࡓࡋࡣ ࡢᆅఫࡳ䣍 ࡑ
࠶ࡾ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ࡞䣎 䥹๓ᬒ࠸ࡿ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢆᣦᕪࡋ࡚䥺࠺ࡸࡽࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ࡞䣎Ẋୗᮇᚅࡍࡿࡢࡣㅉࡵࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 බࡢࡈ⮬㌟ࡀ࠶ࡕ ึࡵࡣ㧗ᮃࡳࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ䣍࠸ࡲࡣ࠼ࡽࡃ↓ḧ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࡞䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔࡼ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡶ࠺࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ࡔ䣎 ⓚᖇ⮧ᚑࡋ࡚䣍 ࢩ䣻ࢱࣖ䤀
10
ࣝࣥࣉࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣝࣥࣉࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝࣥࣉ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣝࣥࣉ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝࣝࣥࣉ ࡓ⮧Ẹࡢ๓࠾ጼࢆ࠾ぢࡏ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ䣍ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎୕༑௦ࡢࡼ࠺࡛䣎ࡁ䣯࠺䣍ࡇ࠺⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࡢࡈຍㆤࡀᤵࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼ࠺䣎䥹ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ᡬࡽⲨࠎࡋࡃධ䣬࡚ࡃࡿ䥺ࡵ࡛ࡍ䣎䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎↓⌮࡞┦ㄯ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣍࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣍ࡔࢀࡣࡏࢇࡒ䣍 䥹ࡩࡓࡾࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ䥺࠾ᛣࡾ࡞䣬࡚䣍 ࡑࡢࡇࢆ୍␒Ⴣ࠸࡚࠸ࡿഃ㏆࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿ䣍 ྉࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓ䣎࠸⪅࡞࠾ࡾࡲࡋ䣯࠺䣎 వࡣࣇ䣷ࣜ࣌୕ୡࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡓࡽ䣍ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡇࡢ⫋ࢆ㉃ࡍࡿࡇ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 䣓㝎ୗࡣࡵ䣬ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣៃ࡚࡚ࢻࡽ㏥ᩓࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠾ᛣࡾࡶཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋ࡚䣎ࡢ⏨ࢆࡏ䣬ࡘ࠸࡚䣎 㢌③ᝎࡲࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡽ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡛࡛ࡍ䣎ୗࡣࡈẼศࡀඃࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡽ࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍ䣎 ࡘ࠸ኪࡶ࠸ࡓࡃ Ẋୗࡢࡈ౫㢗 ࡼࢁࡋ䣮࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎ࡇࢀࡣ䣍ࢭࢽ䣼䤀࣭ࣝࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣍ࡈᶵ᎘࠺ࡿࢃࡋ䣮࠺䣎⚄ ࠾ࡋ࡞ࡇ䣎 Ẋࡣ᪥᪥ⱝ㏉䣬࡚࠾ࡑ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡔࡅࡢࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎࡛ࡍࡀẊࡣࡌࡘཝࡋ࠸࠾ࡓ࡛ࡍ䣎࠾࠾䣍 ࡶ䣬ࡓ࠸࡞࠸䣎࠾࠾䣍 ࡋࡋ↓⌮࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡓࡔࡢୗ䣎 㝎ୗࡣࡈẼศࡀඃ
ࡈㄯ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍 ࣝࣥࣉࡢ䣎ࢇࡢᩘศࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡇࡢᐑ୰࡛㈗Ẋࡢᶒຊࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ 䥹࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ⪥ᡴࡕࡋ࡚䥺ࡉࡉ䣍࠶ ࣝࣥࣉࡢ䣍⣙᮰ࡢᥱᡭࢆ䣎
ⓚᖇࡢᶵ᎘ࡣ࠺ࡔ䣎ⓚᖇࡣࡇ࠸ࡿ䣎࠾࠸䣍ࡘࡽᒇ䣍࠼ࡿ䣎
Ɇ
ᩥ᭩ 䢣 11 ࢡ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡒ䣍 ྲྀࡾᕳࡁࡶᣦᅗࡉ ࢱ ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ⓚᖇ㝎
ࢿࢦࢶ䣵
ࢆࡋࡲࡍࡀ䣎
᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 288
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝౝᚑࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝౝᚑࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ౝᚑࡀࡦࡾ୰ኸཱྀࡽ᮶ࡿ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ࠶ࡿ⋤ᐑࡢᗈ㛫䣎୰ᡬࡽᘐ⮧ࡓࡕⓏሙ䣎ᚋᬒ࡚ࡃࡘࢁࡄ䣎ሙ㠃㌿ ࡑࡢ࠺ࡋࢁࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫබ䣎ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 䥹ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ䣍ᑐ᪉ྥ㐃⾜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃ䥺ࡢᐙࡢ๓ࢆ㏻ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽ䥺ᆅ⊹ࡢᕢ❍ࡵ䣍ለࡕࢁ䣎ࡕ䣯䣬࡛ࡶࡋࡆ࡞ࡑࡪࡾࢆぢࡏࡓࡽ䣍㤳ࢆࡶࡽ࠺ࡒ䣎࡚䣍ⓚᖇ⮬㌟ࡢ௧ࡀୗࡽ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ䣍ࡇࡢ⏨ᣦ୍ᮏ࡛ࡶゐࢀ࡚ࡳࢁ䣎ࡸࡿ䣎ࡉࡽࡤࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕ䣍ࡼࡃぬ࠼࡚࠾ࡅ䣎᪂ࡋ࠸ሗࡏࡀ᮶࠸ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾ䣍ዲពࡶགྷࡈࡶ䣍࠸ࡇࡣಖドࡍࡿࡀࡍࡿࡽ࡞䣎࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋࡼ࠺䣎ࢀ࡚䣍 ࡇࡢ࠾ࢀࡣࣁࣥ࢞ࣜ䤀⾜䣬࡚ࢺࣝࢥࡢ㌷㝲ධ䣬࡚࠶ࡢዪࡢ࠶ࢆ㏣࠺ࡒ䣎 ࡳ࡞ᚚ๓ᢞࡆࡘࡅ࡚䣍 㝎ୗࡀࡇࢀࢆᣄྰࡋࡼ࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡽ ┠ࡀ╆ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣎䥹ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ䣍ፉࡶ㏥ሙ䥺㸟 ⓚᖇࡢࡇࢁ⾜ࡁ䣍 䥹㏥ሙ䥺 䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵 ㄡࡢ⪅ࢆ㝎ୗࡢ࠾䣬ࡔࡀ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ୍௳ࡀࡑࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࢆ㣗ࢃ࡞ ࠾ࡲ࠼ࢆ㔘ᨺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺㝞
ⓚᖇࡣ࠾ᛁࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡃࡶ䣬࡚䣍࠶ࡾ࠼ࡠࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎
ⓚᖇࡢᘵࡂࡳࡈ⮬㌟࡛ࡍࡒ䣎ࢇࡢ୍ゝ࠾⪥ࢆ䣎࠾㢗ࡳ⏦ࡋࡲࡍ䣎 䢣 ᚅ࡚䣍࠾ࡲ࠼䣎 ᣄྰࡋࡓࡽ䣍 㝎ୗࡀẼ⣮ࢀ࠾ࢀᜨࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡓ䢣
࠸ࡸ䣎 䢣 䢣 ࡇࡇ࠸ࡿࢇࡔ䣎 ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ䣍㉧ࡏ䣎ᛣࡾくࢃ
䢣 ࡶ䣬ࡶ䣍 ࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞ 䢣 ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵
ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫ ࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮࣝ ࣐ࢸ䣵䤀ࢫࢡࣞ䤀ࢮ࣐ࣝࢸ䣵䤀ࢫౝᚑ 䣬ࡶ䣍ᨻࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ᥆ዣࡶ⋓ᚓゝ䣬࡚䣍ᾴࡋ࠸㢦࡛ࡍࡀࡡ䣎࠺࡛ࡶࡼ࠸ࡇ䣎㈙䣍⥅ᢎ䣍⤖ᵓ࠸ࡿࡢ䣎ᡭධࡿࡶࡢࢆ࠾ᦨࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡏ䣎ࡇࡽ᮶ࡓࡶࡢ࡞䣍ࡢࡔࡽ䣍⮬ศࡢࡣㄡࡶᜠ⩏ࢆឤࡌ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࢃࡅࡔ䣎⎰♟ࡢᒣࢆྑᕥὋࡂࡘࡘ䣍ࡔ䣎ࡔࡀ䣍࠶ࡢసᡓࡣ⚄ᢏࡔ䣬ࡓࡔࢁ࠺㸽ࡼᖐ㒓ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍Ẋୗࡣఱࡽࡢᡂᯝࡶ࡞䣬ࡓࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎䤀ࢻ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࢆ┠ࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓࡣ࢘䣵䤀ࣥࢆⓎࡕ䣍࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡢᥐ⨨ࡣ䣍 ⎰♟࡛⋢ᗙࢆᣛ࠼ࡿ䣎ࡶẊୗࢆࡶ䣬ᬮࡃឡࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺࡞䣎∗ࡂࡳࡀⓚᖇࡢ࠺ࢆࡼࡾឡࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓࡽ䣍 ࡣࡿ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ㉱ࡁ䣍࡞ࡢࡔ䣎 ⏤ࠎࡋ࠸ែࢆᣍ࠸ࡓゝ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎䣎 ⮬ࡽ⋢ᗙࡢ㐀࡞ ࢃࡓࡋࡀ∗ࡣࣦ䣸ࣝࣇ࣭ࣝࣥࣉᯡᐦౝᚑ㛗ࡢ㢪࠸ฟࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡽ䣎 ེ㌷ࡢඛ㢌❧ࡕ䣍䣎 䥹ୖᡭ䣍⬥ᡬ㏥ሙ䥺 ㉃ࡅ࡚ࡶࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࡀ䣍 ࣐ࢻࣜ Ẋୗ ୖ ࡑ࠺ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ࡛ࡍ࡞䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡦࡘヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋ䣯࠺
䢣 ࠺ࡸࡽ㐠ࡀᕠ䣬࡚ࡁࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 㢼ࡣࡑࡕࡽࡢ࠺ࡽ྿࠸࡚☜ᡭཝࡋ࠸䣎 ࡑ࠺䣍 ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍 Ẋୗࡢ࠺ࡀឡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 Ẋୗࡘ࠸ఱࡦࡘᜠᜨࢆ࠼࡞ ⓚᖇ࡛ࡍ㸽 ၥ㢟ࡣࡲࡉࡑࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ㦄ࡉࢀࡓࡼ䣎 ࢜ࣛࢽ࢚ࡇࢁࡀྡዣ㏣ᨺࡔ䣎ࢃࡓࡋࡣࡼࡾࡶឡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎࠶࠶䣍 ఱࡓࡿࡇ䣎ⓚᖇ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡇࢇ࡞㠃ಽ࡞ࡢ䣎 ࡑࢀࡶࡇࡢྠࡌᇛ䣍 ྠࡌ㒊ᒇ࡛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ 7ࡢᡭᘬࢀ࡚䣍 ࡶᝆ↛Ṍࡁᅇ䣬ࡓࡢࡶࡇࡇ
Ẋୗ䣍 ࡲࡔⓚᖇࡲ࡛࠸䣬࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ᣏㅜ 䢣 8䣎 ࡋࡋ᭱ᝏ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍 ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡼ࠸
ࡓࡔࡋ䣍᥆ዣࡔࡅࡣࡲࡎ࠸䣎ࡶ
Ⲩࢀ≬࠺㦁ศࡅධ䣬࡚䣍 9ࡀேࡢࢆ᥆ࡵྲྀ䣬ࡓࡢ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ‒‒‒‒ 289
ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝ ุᡤဨ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ุᡤဨ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣎䥹ᕷẸࡓࡕ䣍ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᐙࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ䥺 ௨๓ࡣࡃࡶၿព‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡓⓚᖇࡢ࠾⪥ࡶ䣍ࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝࢆ⮬⏤ࡢ㌟䣎࠼ࡓࡕࡢḧࡋࡃ࡚ࡓࡲࡽ࡞࠸⋓≀ࢆศᤕ䣬࡚ࡸࡿ䣎䣬ࡓࡢࡔࡽ䣎ࡑ࠺ㄋ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣎⏨ࡀẅࡉ࡞䣬ࡓࡋࡓࡽ䣍࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎ᙼࡣ䣍㛶ୗࡢᜊᩛ࡛࡞ࡃࡶ䣍Ṛࢆචࢀ࡞䣬ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡀ㛶ୗࡢᜊ㊰ࡢጉࡆ࡞䣬ࡓࡇࡣ䣍ࢀࡿࡢ䣍ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡣุᐁࡀྫྷ⪃㔞ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ࡉࢀࡿࡢ䣍ሗࡸ୰യࡵ࠸ࡓࡓࢀࡇࡳࡼ䣬࡚㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡛䣍 ┦ኚࢃࡽࡎᩛ௧ᐁࡢࡼࡾࡢㄡࡽࡶ௧ࢆཷࡅࡓࡇࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ࣋ࣝࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡣ࠾ࢀࡢᡭ࡛ಽࢀࡿࡣࡎࡔ࣒ඖᖊࡣࡑࡢᅾ௵୰䣍 ᗘ㔜࡞ࡿࢺࣝࢥᡓᙺ࡛ࡢຌປࡺ࠼≧㓃㔞࡞ࡾῶฮࡀᚓࡽ ࡇ࠸ࡘࡽࢀ䣎⪃࠼ࡲ࡛ㄞࢇ࡛䣍ᡯẼ↵Ⓨࡋ࡚ຬᩒ࡞ྩ࡛࠶ࡿ㛶ୗࢆ࠾ះ࠸ࡋ䣍ࢪ䣼ࢪ䣼䤀ࢯࡀࡑࡢ⏨ࡢᡭಽࢀࡓࡢࡣ䣍࠾ࢀࡢ௧ࡼࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ႐ࢇ࡛᭹ᚑࡋ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓ䣎 ࡢ⪅ࡶ㢖⦾௧ࢆୗࡋࡲࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ䣍 ࣝ ࠸ࡓ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎 ᙼࡢṚࡢཎᅉ࡛ࡣ ࡲࡎㆤ⾨ࢆㄳ࠺⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸽 ࢃࡓࡋࡀ᩿⨥ ࡋࡋ䣍 㧗㈗࡞ฟ⮬ࡢ㛶ୗࡢ࠾ ㄗ䣬ࡓ ࡇࡢࣝࢫࣦ䣸ࣝ ㌷ྖ ṇ⩏ࢆᩆ࠼㸟 ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣேࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆࡁࡲࡍࡀ䣍ேࡢពᛮࢆࡃࡢࡣ⚄࡛ࡍ䣎 ࠾ᘬࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ከໃ↓ໃ࡛ࡍࡋ䣍 ⏫ࢆΰ㝗ࢀࡿࡇ ⏽ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍 ࢻࣥ ࣭ ࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎 ࢃࡓࡋࡣ࠸ࡘዴఱ࡞ࡿࡶ䣍 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࠾ࢀࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡣᡃ៏࡛ࡁࢇ䣎ࡉࢀࡤ࠾ࢀࡶᤕࡽ࠼࡚㐃⾜ࡋࢁ䣎࠸࠺ࡢࡶ┿ᐇ䣍ࡇࡢ ࡇࡢ࡛࠾ࡲ ࠺䣍 ⮑⪅࡞ࡽࡑ࠺࠸࠺㜵⾨⟇ࢆྲྀࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡞䣎 ย
࡞ࡽࡤゝ࠾࠺䣎 ࣋ࣝ
ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ࣉࣟࢥ䤀ࣉ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀 㓞࡞ኪ䣎࡞ࡐ႙᭹࡞ࢇࡔ䣎ࡸࡘࡢࡇࢆࢇ࡛ࢇࡢ䣎Ṛࢇࡔࡢࡣぶ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎࠼ࢆ⬣ࡋ䣍࠾ࡲ࠼㎞࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡉࡏࡓ⚝ࢆ࠾ࢀࡣࡍ࡚グ㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࡞䣎㒊䣍 ࡞ࡐ႙᭹ࢆ╔࡚ࡿ㸽ࢇࡓࡽࡇ⾜ࡃࢇࡔ䣎ࡑ࠺䣍ᩍࡔ࡞䣎ࡇࡢዪ䣍㦄ࡉࢀ࡚ࢇࡔࡼ䣎 ᩍ࡛ྤࡁฟࡋ࡚䣍 ࡑ࠺ࡔゝ䣬࡚ࡳࢁ䣍 ࡞ࡢ࡞ࡐ႙᭹࡞ࢇࡔ㸽ࡀチࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣎ࡁࡢᗞᘬ䣬❧࡚ࡽࢀ䣍⨥ࢆᐉ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࢇࡔ䣎ࡓࢇࡔ䣎 ࠾ࢀࡸୡ㛫㒊ࡀ㦄ࡉࢀࡓࡢྠࡌࡔ䣎 ࡑࢀࡽࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ⨥సࡾບࡶ࠺䣬࡚⫟ࡔࡇፉࡓࡕࢆẼ㐵䣬࡚⭡ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࡶࡢࡔࡀ䣍 ࡇࡢࡀ࠸䣎 ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀẅ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡓ䣎䣬ࡓࡢࡣࡇࡢ⏨ࡔ䣍ࢆᴦࡋࡶ࠺䣬࡚ࢇࡔ࡞䣎࠾࠾䣍䥹ࣝࢡࣞ䤀ࢶ䣵䣍∗ぶࡶୖᡭ๓ᬒࡢᐙࡽⓏሙ䥺 ഇၿ⪅ࡢ࠾ฟࡲࡋ䣍ࡇࡢ┠࡛䣎 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⨥ࢆ⦷ࠎ ࠾ࢀࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣎 ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢࡸࡘࡣࡡࡂࡽࢃࢀࡿࡇࢁ䣍ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࣇࣛࣥࢳ䣷ࢫࢥಟ㐨㝔ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡣࡎࡔࡀ㸽ࡏࢇ䣎 ぢࢁ䣍ࡇࢁ࡛䣍᪉ࡢ࠺ྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ䣎 ࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡅࡾ ࡉ࠶䣍ࡇ࠸ࡘࡀ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢ⏨ࢆẅࡋࡓࢇࡔ䣎 ࡔࡀ䣍 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡏ࠸࡛䣍 ࠶ ࡇ࠸ࡘࡢࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠾ࢀࡣᎰࡋ࠾ᘬࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣎 ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢࡓࡵ㉳ࡇ䣬ࡓ⚝ ࡣᡓ࠺ࡼࡾ♳ࡿ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ䣎 ࡞ࢀࡤ⚄ࡉ࠼ࢃࡓࡋࢆຓࡅ࡚ࡣࡃࢀࡲ 䢣
࠶ࡢኪࡢ╬ゝࡸࡽࢭࣞࢼ䤀ࢹࡸࡽங⧞ࡾྜ࠸ࡸࡽ䣍 㞄㏆ᡤࡣ࠾ࡰ 䥹ุᡤဨ䥺 බࡢ㐨ࡢ┿୰࡛ῄࡸ࡞எዪࢆࡃࡶ⨬ࡿࡇ ࡉ࠶䣍ࡶ࠺⾜ࡇ࠺䣎 ῄࡸ࡞ፉࡔ㸽 ࡇࢇ࡞࠶ࡾࡉࡲࢆぢ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࢇࡢ䣍ࡇࡢ࠾ࢀࡀ䣍 Ṛࢇࡔࡢࡣ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡢぶ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡒ䣎 ࠾ࡲ
ࡩࢇ䣍ぶ∗ࡉࢇࡼ䣍࠶ࢇࡓ䣍ࡇࡢዪ
ࡇࡢ⏨ࡀᡴࡕẅࡋࡓ
䣍䣍 䢣 ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ ࠾࠾䣍 ṧ 䢣 ẅ ᧺ᢿᨺɟ≠ᚪ≝⇻∏∙⇪∝⇖∐∑⇷∑⇪⇇∞Ⅶ⇵⇽⇟⇼∑⇕ܼ↝ΩࢂʗⅳⅧ 290
ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌‒ ᎇᚪ∝ᚐ᫆ܖٻᨥ
ᲤᲫ ʚŹɟʞ࠰ʋஉʚɤଐܖٻᨥ ( 㝲 T D C G P ‒ ‒ \ T ⇵ ⒲⇮∝⇼∓⇊⇰⒲∂⇾∅⇈ሁଈ∄⒫⇬⇟∝⇮⒨∑∙∌⒲∐⇌⇟∝⇻⒪∙∝⇼∏⇌∙⇝⒭√⒦⇊⇕π∇∑⇸⇐∑∝⇕−⒲⇢∑⇯∙∝⇪⒩⒲⇜⒲−⒲⇐∃∑⇮⇻⒩∑⇭⒧⇰∙⇮∄⒫⇕⇟∄⇬⒧⒲⇈⇟∑⒲⇯∑⇻ʚɭႇ∐⇻⇊⇜˱ٻ∙⇊⇥⒪∑⇻∝∑∙⇽√⒦−∙⇝⒭√˱ٻૠʴ↝τٟ⒍ࠊൟ⒍ࢼ΄ଊ∑⇕−⒲⇪⒧⇈⇽∓⇙⒲⇽∑⇟√⒪∑∆Ψࠕᨛᧈ∏∇⒲ U ‒ G ) ئ ; T V W ⇽ ‒ ‒ \ K K W E N ʴ N P J ⇟ I R K ཋ C ‒ O T # ȪșȩȫǢ⌴Ȅܖᢿ ‒ \ K D ⇼ ‒ G V G T
… ‒ ‒ ‒ G ∑
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‧ O ‒
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‒ P ⇻ ⒲∄∝⇯⇊⇪႐ࠔ∓ ې↝Ӗྸ
0
‒ ․ ‒ $ ‒ ‒ ↝ࢂ← ܼ
C ႐ࠔ↝̋ࢼᧈ T
E ∏ W ‒
J ႐ࠔ↝ࡌ܇
F ↝
Y ႐ࠔ↝စ← G
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C ⅳ D ⇖
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ע↝˂↝Ⓝ↗ⅷ↟√⒧⒲∙⒍⇎⇟⇷⒲⇱⒬↖↙ⅾ⒍⇌⒧⒲∙⒍⇟∀⇊∙Ⓞ⒎↺↝↮↝ʴཋӸ↚᧙ↆ↕↞⒍ⅹⅹ↷⒍↻↻↝ʴཋ↝ᛖ↝ᛠ↮૾↚ࢼ⒡ ⓃᚪᎍⓄ ୖᡭ๓ᬒᚑ⪅ࢆక䣬ࡓࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ ‒ ⒕ ⒎ע∝Ӹ∝ᣃࠊӸע↺ↈޓ↚⒩⇙σԧ⇧↝נุᡤဨ ࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ุᡤဨࢻ࣭ࣥࢶ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀ุᡤဨ䣷䤀ࢨ䤀䣎ࡢ⾨රᑟࢀ࡚Ⓩሙ䣎ࣉࣛࣁ䣍࣐ࣛ䤀࣭ࢫࢺࣛࢼᗈሙ↝ᘙᚡ⇁ဇⅳ⒎ ඛ㢌ุᡤဨ䣎ғӸ↞⒍∂⇾∅⇈Ⓝ∏⇬∙ᛖⓄ↗∈∏√⒧⇈ⓃᒍᛖⓄ↝ʚᛖ⇁ᨊⅳ↕⇧⒩⇙ᛖӸ↞⇯⇊⇪ᛖ↝↭↭↚ↆⅻ⒍ྵ ʴཋᘙ↚ⅱ↺ʴӸ↞ↈ↨↕⇯⇊⇪ᛖᛠ↮↚ወɟↆ⒎ᅹႉ↝ɶ↖ᛖ↸↻ஊئӸ↚᧙ↆ↕↞⒍ɟᑍ↚Ԡ↢ॹ↸ↄ↻↕ⅳ↺ᘙᚡⅻⅱ↺↱↝↞↻⇁⒡ ࡽࢀႇעࡓࡢࡣࡑࡢ⏨ࡢ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡔ䣎ࡑࡇ࠸ࡿ⏨ࡣ࠶ࡿ⏨ࢆ䣬ࡓ䣎ேࢆᘬࡁΏࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺䣎 ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᶵඛࢆไࡉ࡞䣬ࡓࡽ䣍 ‒ ➨ ‒ Ӹ ⇵ ୍ ↝
ᘙ ⇽ ᖥ ࡇࡢࡓࡀッ࠼ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ䣍ἲ䣍ࡑࡋุ࡚ᐁࡀୗࡋࡓุỴᚑ䣬࡚ࡢࡇ䣎ⓚᖇࡢᚚྡ࠾࠸࡚ࡌࡲࡍ䣎ㅉࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏ䣎䢣 ุᐁࡀ௳ࢆᮍ↛㜵࠸࡛ ᚡ ⇟ ↚ ᪩ᮅ䣎 ↓ ⇼
ⅳ ↕ ࡍࢀࡤ䣍ࡑࢇ࡞ุỴࡣㄗࡾ䣍ุᐁࡣ≬ẼࡢἋửࡔ䣎᩿ࡌ࡚ࡇࢃࡿ䣎 ṇᙜ࡞ἲⓗᶒ㝈ࡶ࡞ࡃᣊ␃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅃ ∑ ‒
⇕ ‒ ܼ
↝ 6䣎ࣝࢫࣦ䣸࣒ࣝඖᖊ䣍Ṋჾࢆᣢࡓࡎ䣍ᕷ㛛 Ω ࢂ ʗ ᧺ᢿ ⅳ ⒖ ‒ ‒ ᨺɟⓇᚪ
*
1 ‒ ‒ ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 291 ‒
Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tǀkaidǀ and Ynjko Tsushima’s Zushiǀ≐Analyzed through an Utamakura Descriptive Epithet Perspective≐
Sayo Sasaki≍1
⁅⁛‒
Kanoko Okamoto’s Fifty-Three Stages on the Tżkaidż portrays people traveling on the old Tżkaidż road, as the title implies. Yƈko Tsushima’s Zushiż is modelled on the legends of “Sanshż the Bailiff,” popularized through the “Sanshż the Bailiff” medieval ballads. Among the themes portrayed in the texts is the history and culture of the Tżhoku region, depicted in the form of a journey through the area, particularly Tsugaru. Just as Kanoko embellishes her text with a wealth of citations from works of classical literature, Tsushima uses classical literature and legends as both a foundation and a driving force. This paper identifies common techniques between the two, focusing on utamakura descriptive epithets. This paper also examines the different levels of citation technique used in Fifty-Three Stages on the Tżkaidż, published during the wartime structure and Zushiż, written in the 1980’s . Further, this paper comparatively examines the differences in travel locations and family values in order to highlight the changes in awareness that occurred within a period of approximately half a century. From the texts’ relationship with classical literature and the focus on utamakura descriptive epithets, the author was able to provide specific examples of the creation of a history of modern literature from an historical analysis perspective
äääääääääääääääääääää‒ Key words‒…………………………………………………… Famous utamakura descriptive epithets, typification, adjacency, “Sanshǀ the Bailiff” legends, elder sister and younger brother
Ფ1 Faculty of Liberal Arts Kaichi Intarnational University
KAICHI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bulletin No.15 ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 292 䥹 䥹 䥹 䥹
18䥺㐃స㞟䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖࠾࠸࡚䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢ๓⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ䣕ྂグ䣖୍୕ඵ㡫17䥺㧗Ⰻ␃⨾Ꮚ䣕ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡋ࡚㒔ྜࡼࡃ⨨ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠺᳨ウࡀ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ᚭࡽᐙ᪘ࡣṚࢇࡔ㞷ᯞࢆ䣓ᐙ᪘ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔ࡢࡣᚁ᭹⪅ࡢഃࡢ㒔ྜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎㛛ࢆᏲࡿᒣ䣔ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺䥹ᅄ୕㡫䥺㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䥹ᅄ୕භ㡫䥺ඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿ㨣ࡀ㏥ࡉࢀ䣍ᩋࢀࡓ㨣ࡣ䣍ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔࡞䣬࡚ᒣᑒࡌᆺ䣔࡛䣍⦕㉳ࡢ⢒➽ࡣ䣓ኳⓚࡀὴ㐵ࡋࡓ୰ኸࡽࡢ␎㌷ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ᒾᮌᒣࡢᚁఆ䣔ࡢఏㄝ࡞䣬࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸䣎ࡇࡢᒾᮌᒣࡢ⦕㉳ࡶࡑࡢ୍㢮୍ࠐ16䥺ෆ⸨ṇᩄ䣓㨣ࡢཎ㢼ᬒ䢣ὠ㍍ᒾᮌᒣࡢ㨣⚄䣔 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࠾࠸࡚䣓ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔࡞䣬ඵ䥺15䥺ࡕࡃࡲᩥᗜ∧䣕ᒸᮏࡢᏊ㞟㸳䣖ࡢ䣓ゎㄝࡿ㐣ཤ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢᣦᚑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤ䣍 䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ぢࡿࡁ䣔 䣎ࡃࡶࡢࡋ࡚䣕ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣖ࡼࡾࡣ䣍ࡼࡾྂࡃⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ㄒࡾ⥅ࡀࢀࡓࡶࡢ 䣓ᚁ᭹⪅ࡢᏲㆤ⚄䣔ࡋࡓ 䣓ᒾᮌᒣࡣ㐲ࡃᖇ㒔ࡢⰊࡢ㨣୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣕࠾ᒾᮌᵝ୍௦グ䣖ࡣ䣍 䥹๓ᥖ䣍㜿㒊ࡿෆᐜࡰ㔜࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑࡢ୍ே⛠࡛ㄒࡾ㉳ࡇࡉࢀ࡚➽ࡶᏳᑑ୍ே㞟୍ࠐ䣍ᅄᖹซ♫䥺ࡢ➨୍❶䥹୕୍㡫䦅㡫䥺 䥹ᑠᯇᙪ⦅ⴭ䣕㨣䣖ࠐࠐࠐ䣍ఏㄝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ䣍 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀ㐳ࡿ㛫ࡣ୰ୡࡼࡾࡣ ᒾᓮṊኵ 䣓ᮏ᮶ࡣ䣍ᒣࠎࡢ⚄ࠎࡓࡕࡢㄌ⏕ࡢ⏤᮶ࢆㄝ 䣕ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ⪃ 䣍㜿㒊ṇ㊰䣕᪥ᮏ㏆௦ẸᩥᏛㄽ䣖 䥹ᖹᡂ ࢆୗᩜࡁࡋࡓ䣓࠾ࢁࡕ䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ䣓ᅜࡘ⚄䣔ࡢഃ㠃ࡽᚲ↛ᛶࢆࡶ䣬 Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫䥺୕㡫䦅୕㡫 ࡼࢀࡤ 䣓ᮾᆅ᪉ࡣ䣍 ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ⼎ዀᚁఆࡀ 䣓㨣
࠾࠺ࡩ࠺䥺୰ࡢ䣓బΏࡢᏳᑑ䣔 䥹ᅄ୍㡫䦅ඵ㡫䥺➼࡛⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࠐ㡫䥺࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ὠ㍍∧䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔᩿ᐃ࡛
࠸ࡢࡕࡢᅇᖐ䣖 䥹ࠐࠐᅄ䣍୍୍䣍⩶ᯘ᭩ᡣ䥺 ୰ୡࡢㄝ⤒ㄒࡾ䣖 䥹୍୕䣍 䣍 ḷኌࡀࡦࢁࡀࡿ䣔 䥹୍୕䣍
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ࡅࡿ࣐ࢸࣛࢫࢫࢧࣀ࢜ࡶጜᘵ࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ࡓㄞࡳࡀせㄳࡉࢀࡿ䣎࡞࠾䣍ゝࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ࡢࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍᪥ᮏ⚄ヰ࠾ᡂ࣭ᅜẸᅜᐙ࣭᪥ᮏᩥᏛ䣖ぢ㏻ࡍࡇ䣔࠾࠸࡚సࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓ䣏ไᗘ䣐࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣍࠸࠺ࡇࢆṔྐⓗࡾ㏉ࡾ䣍࠺ᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ䣍ኳⓚไ࠸࠺ࡓࡕࢆྲྀ䣬ࡓ㏆௦ᅜẸᅜᐙࡣ䣍Ẹ᪘ᅜẸࡢᩥⓗ᰿※ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ䣍ᩍ⛉᭩࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢࡼ 䥹ࣁ࣭ࣝ࢜ࢩࣛࢿ䣍㕥ᮌⓏ⨾⦅ⴭ䣕㐀ࡉࢀࡓྂ䢣䢣࢝ࣀࣥᙧグ䣖࠶ࡿ䣎 䥹୍䣍ᅄ 䣕᪥ᮏ᭩⣖䣖ࡿሗ䣔㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࡋ࡚䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦࢆど㔝ධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍ᩥᏛྐ⪃ࢆㄞࡶ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡔࡀ䣍ᮏㄽ୰࡛ゐࢀࡓ䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࡢṔྐ⌧ᅾ䣔࡚⧅ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎ࡉࡽඵᒱ⺬ࡀฟ㞼⣔⚄ヰ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶ␃ពࡍ ⚄㔝ᚿ㝯ගࡀ ࡲࡓ䣍 䣓 ࠾࠸࡚ᣦࡍࡿ䣍 䣕᪥ᮏ⚄ヰ䣖 ➹⪅ࡣ 䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖 ࡢ᮶Ṕ䢣䢣 䣓 ᪤ᏑࡢᩥᏛྐࡢ␗㆟⏦ࡋ❧࡚࣭ 䣕ྂグ䣖 䣓ྂ䣔 ࡋ࡚ࡢ 䣕᪥ᮏ᭩⣖䣖 䣕ྂ ᪂᭙♫䥺୍ඵ㡫䥺ࢆど㔝ධࢀ
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 293 䥹 䥹 䥹 䥹 䥹
9䥺ᐑෆ῟Ꮚࡣ䣓⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡸ࠺࡞䣍⬤࠸ᛶ㉁ࡢே㛫ࢆ⑷ࡽࡏࡿ䣔࠸࠺ࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎ゐࢀ࡚࠾࠸ࡓࡀ䣍ᐟሙࡸ㥐ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ᪑ࢆᥥࡃࡇࡣ㐃ḷⓗᡭἲ㏻ࡌࡿࡋ࡚➹⪅ࡣ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖㐃ḷᑿࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚ὀ䥹㸯䥺࠶ࡆࡓㄽࡢ୰࡛࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎8䥺ᪧᮾᾏ㐨ࡢᐟሙࢆṌࡃ୰࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃỶ㌴ࡢ㌴୰࡛㛢ࡌࡓࡇࡢពࡣ⪃࠼࡚ࡳ࠸࠺䣓ḞⅬ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣྰᐃࡋࡀࡓ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎ඵ㡫䦅୕ඵ㡫䥺࠸࠺ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡓࡔ䣍ࡸࡣࡾ䣍㛤ࡣ⨾ࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᣑࡋ䣍ḷ᪂ࡓ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ䣔࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓᒊ㢼ḷࡸḷྜࡢὶ⾜ࡼ䣬࡚Ⓨ㐩ࡋ䣍 ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㏆௦ࡢ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚ࡢỶ㌴࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ឤ⯆༶ࡋ࡚ャࡲࢀࡿḷࡀ䣍సḷࡢሙࡸ≧ἣᐦ᥋࡞ࢃࡾࡶࡘ䣔ࡢࡣ␗ࡃ䣎㢟ャḷࡣ䣓㢟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚╔ࡉࢀࡓほᛕⓗୡ⏺ࢆᙧᡂ䣔ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍7䥺䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ᐃ࡙ࡅࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎䣬࡚ㄞ⪅ࡣ༳㇟ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡃୡ⏺ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆỴᒇ࡞ࡀ୪ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ䣍ᆅྡࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣓ሙᡤ䣔ࡢᙉ࠸㞄᥋ᛶࢆࡶෑ㢌㏆ࡃ࡛䣍ฟⓎᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ㟼ᒸ㥐ࡢᒣⵇₕࡸ㪉࡛ࢇࡪࡢ┳ᯈ䣍ࡉࡽᏳಸᕝ㣰6䥺 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ᮏᩥᏛ䣔➨ᅄᕳྕ ᙧᡂ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ⿵㊊ࡋ࡚㢟ャࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀ࡚࠾5䥺⳥ụጾ㞝䣓␗⏺ࢆ㈇࠺ᬒ䢣ྂ௦ᩥᏛ࠾ࡅࡿ႘ࡢཎ⌮䢣䣔ࠐࠐࠐ䣍䣍 䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ⓗ࡞ࣔࣀࢆྵࡴ䣎 ࡲࡓ䣍ࡣ䣍ฟ᮶ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛫ⓗ࡞ࣔࣀ䣍 䥹ὀ㸱ྠࡌ䣍୕ඵ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡛ࡣ䣍ࡼ䣬࡚䣍ࣔࣀ㹀ࢆ㛫᥋ⓗ䥹ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ࣔࣀ㸿ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚䥺 䣓㢟ャࡢ☜❧ᒎ 䣓ୡ⏺䣔ࡣ䣓⌧ᐇୡ⏺䣔㝈ࡽࡎክࡸ≀ㄒࡢ䣓ୡ⏺䣔ࡶྵࡴ䣎♧䣖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍ࣔࣀ㸿㞄᥋㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ㹀䣕ᣦ♧䣖ࡀ䣕ࡎࢀࡿ䣖ࡇ ༑ᅋᏊ䣍 ࢁࢁỒ䣍 䣓ᢡࠎࡢ ⅊྿ࡁ࡞࠸ࡃࡘࡶᣦ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎 䣓ᚰ⌮ࡢ᥈✲䣔ࡢࡢࡼ࠺ࣔࣀࡋࡓᢳ㇟ 䣕ᣦ♧䣖ࡍࡿ⌧㇟䣔࡛ 䣓᪥ 䣓ࣔࣀ䣔
୍㡫
䥹 䥹 䥹 䥹 䥹
14䥺 䣓ὠ㍍ࡢࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓヰ䣔࡚࠸ࡓࡽࡋ࠸䣔ࡇࡶ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢ㛵㐃ࡽὀ┠࡛ࡁࡿ䣎Ꮫࡧࡓ࠸㢪࠺ࡇ㏻ࡌ䣍࢜ࢩࣛᵝࡣ䣓ᮏ᮶䣍♽ඛ⚄࣭㎰⪔⚄ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᣢ䣬ඵ㡫䦅㡫䥺ࡓ㏙ࡓ䣎㐠ࢇ࡛⾜䣬ࡓࡶࡢࡀ┠ࡘࡃ䣎Ꮫ୍࡛␒ࡼࡃࢃࡿࡢࡣ䣍⇃㔝⣔⤫ࡢࡶࡢ࡛䣍⇃㔝ࡢᕩዪࡸ┣࣭▜ዪࡸ⪷㐩ࡀ፧ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍᪥ᮏྂࡃࡽᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᆺ䣔࠸࠺䣎 䣔ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥹ᒾᡭఏࢃࡾ䣍୕Ἑࡢ⚄ᴦ⚍ᩥࡋ࡚ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢヰࡣ୍✀ࡢ␗㢮 䣎 ࡋ࡚ᥥࢀࡿὠ㍍ࡢᒾᮌᒣࡲࡘࢃࡿᏳᑑ13 䣓ཱྀ㢌ᩥᏛ䣍ࡘࡲࡾ᐀ᩍᩥᏛ䣔ࡢ㛵㐃ࡶ㞷ᯞࡀ᐀ᩍࢆ䥺 㤿ፉ፧ጻ㆓ࡘ࠸࡚▼ୖ㍜ࡣ䣍12䥺ὠᓥభᏊࡣࢾ⚄ㅴ㞟ࡢヂᴗࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ␃ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸䣎භඵ䣍䣍ゅᕝ᭩ᗑ䥺➼ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎 䣕ྂ௦ఏᢎᩥⱁㄽ䣖ᖹᡂ୍୍䣍ᮏ㞟➨୍䣖 䥹୰␎䥺ዟᕞࡢ࠸ࡓࡇ⚍ᩥ࡞ࡶࡇࢀࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ11䥺ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ᮏᩥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᶓᒣ㔜࣭⸨ཎᘯඹ⦅࣭ᰯゞ䣕ㄝ⤒⠇ṇࠐࠐ䥻୕䣍10 䥹୍୕䣍୍䣍ᒸᒣ᭩ᗑ䥺䥺እᮧᙲ䣓ᒸᮏࡢᏊ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䢣䣣௦䣥ࡢ㞃႘ࢆどᗙࡋ࡚䤀䣔࣑䤀⾲⌧ࡸⓎࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺䣍⮬↛࡞ὶࢀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ព㆑䣔࡞ࡿᾐࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃຊࢆᣢࡘࡇࡣ䣍᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢺࢽ 䣓ࡇࡢ㤿ፉ፧ጻ㆓ࡣ࢜ࢩࣛ⚍ᩥࡋ࡚㟷᳃࣭ 䣓ᩥᏛ◊✲䣔➨ࠐ㞟䣍୕୕㡫䦅୕㡫ྡᡤḷᯖࡀ㞄᥋ᛶᇶ࡙ࡃ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀Ⓨᇶ࡙ࡃࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡑࢀࡣ䣓↓䢣䣖 䣓ᢡཱྀಙኵࡣ䣍ᮾࡢᩥࢆάࡉࡏࡿ୍ᅉ࡛࠶䣬ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䥹ࡽࡋ࠸䣎ࡑࡇ⮬↛䣕⾑⬦䣖 䣍ᶓᒣ㔜⦅䣕ㄝ⤒ṇᮏ㞟➨୍䣖䣓୍ᖹࡣࡓࡔឤࡌࡿࡲࡲ 䣔ࡋ䣍సᴦࡢゝⴥࡣ୍ᖹࡀ㏙࡚࠸ࡿᮾᾏ㐨ࡢᛮ࠸ࢆཷࡅ࡚᭩ࢀࡓ᥎ ࡋ䣍 䣓↓ព㆑ാࡃࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᚰᛶࡢ㞟ྜ䣔ࡀ䣓ᑒᘓⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㨩ຊ 䣕ඛ♽䣖ࢆᑟࡁฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡀྂⓗ࡞ᆅྡࡢຊ࡛࠶ࡿ 䣕࡞ࡘࡋࡳ䣖 䥹୍ 䣕ᒸᮏࡢᏊ㸫↓ᖖࡢᾏ 䣕ேⓗ࡞≌ᘬ䣖 ࢆㄒ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣍 ୍ᅄ䣍୍ࠐ Ṋⶶ㔝᭩ᡣ
୍භඵ㡫䥺 䣎ᮏㄽ࡛๓ᥦࡋࡓࡼ࠺䣍
࠾࠺ࡩ࠺ ≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 294 ࡿ䣎ࡅࡿ䣓ᅜࡘ⚄䣔ࡢၥ㢟ᥥࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡑࢀࡀ㝿❧ࡘ䣎ᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡿ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸䣔ࡶࡢࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿぢࡿࡢࡀ㐺ษ࡞ࡢࡔ䣎ࡴࡋࢁዟ῝࠸ࡇࢁ࡛᭱ࡶᙉࡃఏ⤫ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࡢ᰿ᖿࢆḷ࠸䣍䣓ḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏ䣔 ࢆᑐᴟ⨨࠸ࡓࡁ䣍ᴟࡵ࡚⮬↛࡞ࡇࡢࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ඛ㏙࡛ࡣ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺䣔ࡽ㐲ࡃ䣍࡚ฟⓎࡋࡓࡢᏊࡀࡑࡢせ⣲ࡢᅪෆ࡛ᯖ㝈ࡽࡎḷᯖ⯡ࡣ⋤ᮅḷࡢ⾲⌧ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡾࡀ፹䣔ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎⥺ⓗ࡛ᒅクࡢ࡞࠸Ẹ᪘⩏䣔 ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸సရࡋࡓࡀ䣍 㒔ࡢዪ⚄ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶ࠺୍ேࡢዪ⚄ࢆࡢᡓத༠ຊࢆᐜ᫆ࡋࡓ䣔 䣓▱䣔ࡢ⥅ᢎࡸᩥࡢ⥅ᢎ࠾ࡋࡓ䣔࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㢦䣔 ࡼ࠺䣍䣓ኳⓚࡣ⤫ᖊᶒࢆࡶࡘ㌷ࡢ⤫⋡⪅䣍❧᠇ྩ䣍ࡉࡽ⋤ᮅᩥࡢ㇟ᚩ࡞䣍࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ༴࠺ࡉࢆࡶࡘࡇࢆ༑ศព㆑ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎ࡢఏ⤫༶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍 㔜ᒙⓗ࣓䤀ࢪࡢ୰ࡢ⋤ᮅᩥࡢ㇟ᚩ࠸࠺㠃ࡀ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 ࢆࡶࡕ䣍ࢺᛶ࠸࠺㠃ࡽぢࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡸᮏḷྲྀࡾࡢᡭἲ㏻ࡌࡿࡇ࡛᪥ᮏᩥᏛ ࡑࢀࡣ⾲ᒙ࡛ࡢࡇ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 ࡸ♽ᅜឡࡣḷ࠸࠺ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡋ䣍ࡿ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀዌ࡛ࡿḷࡣ䣍ࡃ୧ᴟ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋ ୧ᴟᛶࢆࡶ䣬࡚⌧ࢀࡿࡇࡼࡾࡶ䣍 ㅰ㔝ᬗᏊࡀࡑࡢጾຊࢆㆭ࠼⚄࡞䣬ࡓ⪅ࡢჃࡁᢠࡢḷኌ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 ࢆⓎࡍࡿࡇࡣ⪅ࡢ៍ူࡢḷኌ࡛ࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 䣓⋤ᮅᩥࡢ㡬Ⅼ❧ࡘኳⓚࡣᣏ㊭ 㞄᥋ᛶࡼࡿㄆ㆑ἲࡢᙉᗘࡢ㆙ᡄࢆࡶྵࡵ࡚䣍 䣓リḷᙧᘧࡢࡶࡓࢀ ᡓୗ࠾ࡅࡿࡢᏊࡢ ḷேࡋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉ἲࡣ䣍 䣓ḷேࡓࡕ 㛫㍈࡛࠸࠼ࡤ䣍 䣓┤ 㧗Ⰻ␃⨾Ꮚࡣ䣍 ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ㛫ࢸࢡࢫ ᖖ㒔㈇ࡅ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᆅ࡛ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᵝࠎ࡞Ⅼ࡛᪤Ꮡࡢࡶࡢࢆ⏝ࡋࡘࡘ┦ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 䣕ᮾྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧䣍 ྂᩥᏛసရࡢᘬ⏝࠸䣬ࡓ䣍 ᪉ἲⓗኚ㏆࠸ᡭἲࢆ 䥹
18䥺
ఏ⤫ⓗ⾲⌧ἲࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿゝ࠼
䥹
16䥺
䥹 17 ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃྡᡤḷ䥺
䥹 䥹 䥹 䥹 ⤖ࡍࡿⓎࢆつᐃࡋ᪉ྥ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎
䣗ὀ䣘 㸨䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡽࡢᮏᩥᘬ⏝ࡣ䣕ᒸᮏࡢᏊ㞟➨ᅄᕳ䣖 ࡇࡢసࢆ๓ࡋ࡚ㄞ⪅ࡀぢฟࡋၥ࠸⥆ࡅࡿࡁၥ࠸ࡣ䣍 䥹 ⾲⌧ᐦ᥋┤ ࣔࣀࡢ㛫࡛䣍୍᪉ࡽ᪉ᣦ♧ࡀࡎࢀࡿ⌧㇟䣔䣍ࡿ䣎ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ℩ᡞ㈼୍ࡼࡿᐃ⩏ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ䥹4䥺࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ࡣ䣓㞄᥋㛵ಀ䣔ᇶ࡙ࡃࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶3䥺᭷ྜྷಖ⦅䣕ḷᩥᏛ䣖ḷࡢḷᯖ࣭ᆅྡ㎡䣖ᮏ࠺ࡓࡇࡤ⾲⌧㎡䢣ḷᯖ⦅ὒ୍2䥺㧗ᶫⰋ㞝䣕ḷᯖࡢ◊✲䣖 䣕ḷᯖḷࡇࡤ㎡➨ྕ䣍ࡢ㐀䢣ᒸᮏᏊ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䢣䣔 䥹ᖹᡂࠐ䣍䥹ᖹᡂ୕䣍ࡇࢁ㐣ཤࡢ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣔ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 䣍 䣓⾲⌧㸿ࡀࣔࣀ㸿ࢆ䣕ᣦ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ䣍ࡑࡢ㝿䣍 䥹ୖᕳ䥺 䣕ㄆ㆑ࡢࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ䣖୍ࡣ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ᩘከࡃⓏሙࡍࡿྡᡤḷᯖ䣍ᪧ㊧䣍ྂࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡘ 䥹୍䣍 䣕✵䣖ᙲ䣍㔝⏣┤ᜨࡽࡼ䣬࡚ᣦࡉࢀ䣍ᐃㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸䣎ࡘ࡚➹⪅ 䣖1䥺ࡢᏊࡀኵ࡛࠶ࡿ୍ᖹࡽ㈨ᩱᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ᇳ➹ࡋࡓࡇࡣᐑෆ῟Ꮚ䣍እᮧ 䥹ࠐࠐඵ䣍 ࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ䣔 䣓✵ࡼࡿ᪑ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍ᐇ㝿ࡢᆅᙧ㐪䣬࡚ඵᖺ᭶䥺ࡼࡿ䣎 ඵ 䣍ᖹᡂᅄ䣍ᅄ䣍ᅄᖺ୕᭶䣍ᶞ♫䥺 ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ㄽ㏙ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ 䣓ᩥⱁᢈホ䣔➨ᕳ 䣍䣓㐪䣬࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣㅮㄯ♫ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖 䥹 䣓 䣕᪑ 䥹୍
ᾏ㬆♫䣍ᅄ୕㡫䣍ᅄඵ㡫䥺 䣎 䣓 䥹⌧ᐇ䥺ୡ⏺ࡢ࡞࡛㞄᥋㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ ᅄ୍㡫䥺 䣎
ቑゞ∧䣖 䥹୍䣍 භ
࠾࠺ࡩ࠺䥺➼ࡢゎㄝࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ䣎 ᱜᴁ♫䥺 Ṋⶶ㔝᭩㝔䥺ࡢ୕㡫䣎䣍∦᱒ ➟㛫᭩㝔䥺 䣍 ᒸಙ┘ಟ 䣕᪥ ࠐ㡫 㐟Ꮚ㤋䥺 䣍 ྜྷཎᰤᚨ 䣕
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 295
ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡣ䣍䣬ࡕ䣔࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓఏᢎࡢᘬ⏝࡛⤊ࢃࡿ䣎 䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ຊࢆࡶ䣬࡚䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ᢠࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿጼໃ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖࡛ࡣ㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࡘࡲࡾ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ࡢᩥⓗᶒጾࢆྵࡴ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔ࡀぢࡓ䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡢࡑࢀࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡘࡘ䣍᭱⤊ⓗࡣ䣓ࡇࡓྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ຊࡢᵓ㐀ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡿሗ䣔ࡼ䣬࡚ᅛᐃ࣭ᶒጾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡘࡲࡾ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᙧᡂാ࠸㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࢆ୰ᚰᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡣ䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀ༑୕ḟ䣖ࡀ䣔࠶ࡿࡢࡣ䣍ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྂᩥᏛࡸఏᢎ䣍ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠸࡚䣍 䣓ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰࡀ䣔䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔࡛ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍 䣓ྂࡣูࡋ࡚䣍㏆௦ࡢዪᛶసᐙ䣔ࡣ㛗ࡽࡃ䣓⿵Ḟ䣔࡛࠶䣬ࡓࡇࢆㄞࡴ࠸࠺ษ䣬ࡅࡋ࡚ฟ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ከࡃࢆ࠸࡚࠾ࡾ䣍 䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕࡢඛ⏕࡞ࢇࡶ䣍ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰ ࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣓ෆᐜ䣔ࡢᑠㄝ࠸࠼ࡿ䣎ὠᓥࡣࡇࡢᣦඛ❧䣬࡚䣍ࡢᏊࡢసရ 䣓⌮ᛶⓗ䣍ࡘㄽ⌮ⓗ䣍ࡘ♫ⓗ࡞⏘≀䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣓ᩥᏛ䣔࠾䣓ḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏ䣔࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸సရࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎㏫ゝ࠼ࡤ䣍䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡣ䣍ẚ㍑ⓗ䣓࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺䣔ࡽ㐲ࡃ䣍 ྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧ࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗ䣔 ࡣ㙊 ࡑࡢෑ㢌㏆ࡃ࡛䣍 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠㄝ ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ 䣓ᩥ❶䣔࡛
ࡑࡢ 䣓ሗ䣔 ࡣ䣍 ࡓ࠼ࡤ㞷ᯞࡀㄒࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᮾࡢṔྐࡣࡢ⛬ᗘྵࡿ䣎ࡇ౯್ࢆ⨨ࡁࡍࡂࡿ䣍ࢸ䤀࣐ࢆㄽࡌࡓ࠸ேࡶศ䣍ᛂ࠼ᚓࡿ䣓ෆᐜ䣔࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ䣍ࡑ ࡛䣍ࡦࡘࡢ䣍࡞ࡲ࡞ࡲࡋ࠸ୡ⏺ࢆసࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡋࡲ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡢᏊࡢ 䣓ᑠㄝ䣔 ࢆぢኻ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ ࡣゝ䣬࡚ࡶ䣍ࡢᏊࡢᑠㄝࡣ䣍ࡶࡕࢁࢇ䣓ෆᐜ䣔ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 䥹୰␎䥺
࠶ࡿࡼ࠺䣍㞷ᯞࡀ㡪ࡏࡿ䣓ዪ⚄䣔ࡢḷኌࡣ䣍ᐙ᪘ࡍࡽ䣓㨣䣔ࡉࢀࡓࡢ୰⌧௦࠾ࡅࡿᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ䣓ዪ⚄䣔ࡢኌࡋ࡚㡪ࡃ䣎ⓗ࡞≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾ䣔ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ䣍Ᏻᑑ࠸࠺䣓࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌ䣔ᑐࡍࡿᣮᡓࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾࡋ࡚䣍 䣓ࡇࢃࡉ䣔ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐃ⩏䣔 䣓ⴭ⪅ࡽㄞ⪅䣔ࡍࡿどⅬࢆ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎ᑠㄝࡘ࠸࡚䣓⚾⮬㌟ ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㐃స㞟ࡔࡀ䣍ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔↓⮬ぬ࡛࠶ࡿ⪅ࡑࡢ䣓㢮ᆺ䣔ࢆ┦ᑐពᅗࡋ࡞ࡃࡶ࿘ᅖࡼ䣬࡚䣓ᶒጾ䣔ࡣసࡾฟࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡔࡽ䣍 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆ㘓ࡍࡿ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ࡣ䣍ㅮㄯ♫ୖࡢྡࡣ䣓ᶒጾ䣔ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡞ຊࢆࡶ䣬࡚ാࡃ䣎 ࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏࡘ࡙ࡅࡿ䣔㮆እࡢసရࢆㄞࢇࡔࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⪅䣬࡚ࡶ䣍 ࢆ ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺䣍ᣢࡘࡇࡣ୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢᩥᏛྐⓗ▱㆑ࡋ࡚ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺࠼䣍 䣓ࡳࡈ࠺ࡽࡂ䣬࡚䣔࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗ䣔࡛࠸࠼ࡤ䣍㮆እࡢ䣕ᒣ᳡ኵ䣖ࡀᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆᣐ ᒾᮌᒣࡣ㨣ࡢఏᢎࡀ୍ᵝᛶࡢ␗㆟⏦ࡋ❧࡚ࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺䣎 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡢ⏝౯್ࡢ㧗ࡉࡢㄆ㆑䣍 ேேࡢฟ࠸ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ෆᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ࡛ࡣ䣍ᆺᶒጾ᰿ᮏⓗ῝ࡃ㛵ࡍࡿ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡀ᭱ึࡽ 䣍 䣓ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ♫ 䣓ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶ♫ⓗ࡞ᐃ䣔ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࠸࠺ඹ㏻Ⅼࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎ࢆ㥙ࡍࡿࡢᩥⓗ㑇⏘ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᙇࡍࡿ䣎 ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡣ䣓ᮾୗࡾ䣔ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡀ䣍 䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔 䣓ᶒጾ䣔࡞ࡿࡇࢆ⮬ࡽࡀయ⾜ࡁΏࡾ䣍㒔䥹ி㒔䥺ࡣ᠄ࡢᆅ࡛࠶ࡾᮾᅜ䥹㙊࣭Ụᡞ࣭ᮾி䥺 ᳃㮆እ࠸࠺ᩥᏛྐ ࡉࡽ㢮ᆺᶒጾࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ ࡑࢀࡀᗈ⠊ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆⓎ ࡸྂᩥᏛࡸఏᢎࡢᘬ⏝ࡀ 䣓Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡽ ᐇ㝿 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕ䣔ࡶ䣓࠶䣬ࡕ䣔 ࡋࡋ䣍 ࡕࡽࡶ 䣓ᅛ ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 䣓୍䣔䣓䣔࠾࠸࡚ᣦࡋࡓ䣍⥴ⓗ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡀ㢮
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 296 ࡢࡀᏳᑑ࠸࠺䣓ጜ࡞ࡿᏑᅾ䣔࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎⯆ࡢክࡣᮾ࠸࠺ຓࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍ጜ࡛࠶ࡿᏳᑑࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅ኳ⋤ᑎ௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ⚄ࡢຊࡼ䣬࡚࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡎẕࡢࢆᯝࡓࡋ䣍ศᑎࡸኳ⋤ᑎࡢຊ䣍 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣࡑࢀࡢ␗㆟ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡣ⚄䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔࠶ࡿ䣎ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛䣍པᏊ⋤ࡀኴኵࡢୗࢆ㏨ࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ䣍ᅜࡿ࡞ࡽ䣍 ᏳᑑࡶཔᏊ⋤ࡶ⮬ࡽࡀ⚄࡞ࡿ䣎࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ࡢ㛵ಀࡸ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㓄ᚑᒓ࠸࠺ࡑࡢ㛵ಀࡽࡢ⬺ฟ㢪ᮃࢆ㞷ᯞࡀㄒࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᮾࡢṔྐ ࡢክ࡞ࡾ䣍 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡀᮾࡢྡᡤྐ㊧ෆࡢᵝ┦ࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡛ྎ࡞ࡿ䣎 ᱵὠ㝔࠸࠺㈗᪘ࡢຊࡼ䣬࡚ඖࡢ㌟ศࢆᅇࡋࡓࡢࡳ㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚ᮾࡢኴᖹὒഃࡽ᪥ᮏᾏഃ䣍 ኴኵࡢ⃭Ⅿ࡞ㆶࢆ㐙ࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣ䣍ࡢࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ୍ᛕࡣ䣍ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࢆᇶᮏᙧࡍࡿ ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢ≀ㄒࡣ㝣ዟ㒔ࡢṔྐⓗ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ䣍ே⏕࠾ࡅࡿฟ࠸ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ୰ᚰᤣ࠼࡚⌧௦ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᜍᛧࢆぢฟࡋࡓ ࡑࡢክࢆ⢭⚄ⓗᨭ࠼ࡿཔᏊ⋤ࡢఏㄝࡢ୰จᅛࡋࡓ୍ᛕࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᜍᛧࢆぢฟࡋ䣍ヰ䣔࡛䣓ேேࡢฟ࠸ࡢ࡞࠶ࡿࡇࢃࡉ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ᏻᑑ ᒾᇛุᐁ୍᪘ࡢ࡛䣍䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆྵࡴ䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ࡣ⌧௦࠾ࡅࡿ䣓࠾ࡤࡅヰ䣔ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㐃స㞟 ὠᓥࡣㅮㄯ♫ᩥⱁᩥᗜ∧ᐤࡏࡓ⮬సゎㄝᛕࢆᢪࡃጜࡣᘵ䣬࡚䣍 䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔ࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 㐲ࡃᚋࡲ࡛ᗈࡀࡿሙᡤࡀ⯙ ࡢክࡲ࡛ᣑࡍ ࡑࡋ࡚ᐙ᪘䣬࡚䣍 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡢࡈࡃ䣍 䣓ⴭ⪅ࡽㄞ⪅ ᨭ ጜᘵ࠸࠺ ᜍᛧࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 㞷ᯞࡢࡈࡃ䣍 จᅛࡋࡓ୍
䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 ࡛ࡣ▷௦ࡢே᪑∗ぶࡢᨾ㒓ὠ㍍ࢆゼࡡࡿ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢ୍ே ㄝ⤒ 䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔 ࡛ࡣே㈙࠸ࡸኴኵࡼࡿⱔⅯ࡞ᡴࡕࡀᛧࡉࢆࡶࡓ
࠾ࡤࡅࡢ
䣓⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡀ᪂ࡓࡾฟࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡢㄞ⪅ࡶඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ䣎ࡑࡢ䣍࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ䣎ࡶࡑࡢ䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔ࡼ࠸䣎ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡉࡽࡣ䣍ࡑࢀ㢟ᮦࢆᚓࡓ᳃㮆እࡢ䣕ᒣ᳡ኵ䣖ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡶࢁ࠺䣎ࡇࡇ࠸࠺䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔ࡣ䣍୍⯡ὶᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣ䣍ྠࡌ୍ࡘࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺෆ⨨ࢀࡓࡁ䣍౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ䣔 ࢆ┦ᑐࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞䣓⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔Ꮚ⋤䣔Ⓨ⾲ࡣᗈࡃࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 㞷ᯞࡢㄒࡿ≀ㄒࡣ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ 䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨ䣔ࡋࡓ 䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ䣔౫ࡾࡘࡘ㍍ࡢࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡣ䣍䥹୍ඵᅄ䥺ᖺࡢ䣓པ ࡋࡓ࠸ࡑࢀࡽ␗࡞ࡾ䣍ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ேࡢཱྀࡽฟࡓⰸⷀࡢྃࡢࡼ࠺䣍ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢀ䣍᪑࡛ྡᡤḷᯖࢆྵࡴᮾྛᆅࡑࡢᆅࡲࡘࢃࡿ≀ㄒࡸఏᢎࡀ⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲ ๓⪅ࡼ䣬࡚ᚋ⪅ࡣ┦ᑐࡉࢀࡿࡔ ࡑࢀࡽࡣᐇ㝿┠ࡋࡓࡇࡢ࡞࠸⪅࡛ࡶ▱㆑ࡋ࡚▱䣬࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜ䣓ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ㝆అࡋࡓ࢚࣑ࢩ䣔 ྡᡤḷᯖࢆᨭ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢྠࡌຊࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡳ࡚ࡼࡀ⏕ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓྂⓗ࡞ᩥ㑇⏘ࡀ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 ࢆసࡾฟࡑ 㔠Ⰽᇽࡸ⾰ᕝࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿྡᡤᪧ㊧䣍 㛵㐃ࡍࡿྂసရࡢከࡃࡣࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽ ࡢ 䣓࢜ࢧ䣔 ḷᯖࡋ࡚ࡢ㛵ᡤ䣍 ࡸ 䣓ὠ
♫ⓗ࡞≧ἣࡶ⣲㏻ࡾࡋ࡚䣍ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡓ䣎⚾⮬㌟ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐃ⩏ࢆ䣍 ᑠㄝࡣ䣍 ࠸䣬ࡓ⪃࠼ࢆ䣍 ࡇࢁ࡛ࡢᏊࡢᩥᏛࡘ࠸࡚䣍ὠᓥࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࢇ࡞ࡇࡀᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍 ࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢዪᛶࡢḷኌࢆࡦࡧࡏࡘ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡢᑠㄝࡣ↓どࡋ䣍 ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡢᩥ❶ࡣࡳࡈ࠺ࡽࡂ䣬࡚࠸ ࡑࡢࢸ䤀࣐ࡼ䣬࡚ᨭ࠼ࡽ ᐈほⓗ࡞㢼ᬒࡶࡋࡋ䣍ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ୍࡛⯡ⓗ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡑࢀࡽ䣍 䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ ᑠㄝࡢᩥ❶ࡣ䣍ᩓᩥ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᩓᩥࡢᮏ㉁ࡣㄽ⌮࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᐈほ࡛࠶ࡿ䣍
䥹
15䥺
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 297 ࡢ┠ࡀ㛤ࡁ䣍ぶࡢୗࢆ㏨ࢀࡓᏳᑑࡣᨺᾉࡢᮎẕࡋ䣍⦕ࡉࢀ࡚Ἵࡁࡍࡂࡓ࠶ࡲࡾ┣┠࡞䣬࡚㫽㏣࠸࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎࠺ࡇࢁ䣔 䣓Ᏻᑑࡣᒾᮌᒣ䣍ࡓ䣔࠸࠺ὠ㍍ࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣ䣍ࡀ 䣓࠶ࡿᮏ࡛▱䣬࡚䣍 ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ䣔࠸࠺䣓ὠ㍍ࡢࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓヰ䣔ࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ꮚ⋤࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ䣔⥆ࡅࡓᚋ䣍ศࡢࡇࡔ䣍 Ᏻᑑࡣ⩏ࡢᏊࢃࢀ࡚∗ぶᚅࡉࢀ䣍 པᏊ⋤ࡣᐩኈᒣ⚍ࡽࢀࡿ䣔ែᏳᑑࡢⱞࡋࡳࢆጜࡣ㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣍ࡽ䣍 ௨᮶䣍ࡿ㒊ศࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᚭࡣᴫせࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚䣍 ࡇࡢᏳᑑ⮬ศࡢ㌟ࢆクࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ䣔 ࠸࠺ጜࡢゝⴥࢆཷࡅṆࡵ࡚䣔⣬᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢୡ⏺῝ࡃᇳ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞䣬 ᒾᮌᒣࡢᒣ⚄ࡢࡈ┈࡛ẕぶ ࡢ୍⠇ࡣ䣍⾰ᕝࡢྂᡓሙ࡛ேࡀ㉳ࡋࡓⰸⷀࡢ୍ྃ㏻ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓୍⯡▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿヰࡣከᑡ㐪⣖Ꮚࡢ▷௦ࡢ┿ࢆ㑇ရࡢ୰ぢ࡚௨᮶䣍ㄝࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍 䣎 䣓࠶࡞ࡓࡣᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣࡈᏑ▱࡛ࡋ䣯࠺ࡡ䣔 པᏊ⋤ࡣ∗ぶᮅࡀึࡵ࡚ᖹἨධ䣬ࡓࡢᵝᏊࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓ᒾᮌᒣࡢࡈ⚄యࡀᏳᑑጲ࡞ࡢࡔࡿ䣎 ※㢗ᮅࡼ䣬࡚ᨷࡵࡽࢀࡓ⸨ཎὈ⾮ࡀⅆࢆᨺ䣬࡚㏨ࡆཤࡾ䣍 䣍 ẕぶࡣ㞳࡞䣬࡚䣍ᘵࡢຊࢆᨭ࠼㞷ᯞࡢཱྀࡽࡧฟࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔ䣎ࡑࢀࡼ䣬࡚⨾⣖Ꮚࡑࡋ࡚ㄞ⪅ࡶఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 䣓ጜࡀᏳᑑࡔࡍࡿ䣍 ∗ࡧฟࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺䣍ࡿᨭ࠼࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 䣍 䣓ጜࡣࡇࡢᖺ䣍ᗋ࠸࡞ࡀඹ᭷☜ㄆࡼ䣬࡚ᙉᅛ⧅ࡀࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ⚾ࡣ䣍䣓Ẽ࡛ⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧Ꮚ⋤䣔࠾࠸࡚䣍 Ᏻᑑࡣ⮬ ⚾ࡣཔ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔࡛ࡣ䣍Ṛ⪅㐩ࡢᛮ࠸ࡀᅵᆅࡢఏᢎ䣍Ṕྐ ᚭࡢ㢌ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ 䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡘࡲࡾ㟷ᖺ䣍ᘵⓗ࡞ࡿᏑᅾࡣ䣍㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࡢ ጞࡲ Ṛ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ∗ぶࡢゝⴥࡀࢱࢥࡼ䣬࡚ᘬ⏝⥆ࡅ࡚ᚭࡢゎ 㞷ᯞ⨾ ࡑࡢᚋ㢗 ☜ಙ࡛ࡁࡿࡑࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࡀ⏕ࡁ ୍⯡ὶᕸࡋࡓࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥⓗ㑇⏘ࡣ␗࡞ࡿఏᢎ䣍㞷ᯞࡢṚࢆఏ࠼ࡿᚭࡢᡭ⣬ࡣ 䣕࿃ጔ㙾䣖 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ䣍 ࠶ࡿ୍⠇ࡢᘬ⏝ࡽጞࡲ䣬࡚࠸ ᚭࡢᡭ
䥹 14 㞷ᯞ䥺
ࢱࢥࡀఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔࠸࠺䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎㒔ࢆ┠ᣦࡍㄝ⤒㜰ࡔ䣔䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ఏ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ䣔ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡇࡑࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼䣍ࡑࡋ࡚ㄝ⤒ ࡢゝⴥࢆヰࡍዪᏊᏛ⏕ࡀᑐẚⓗ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ␃ពࡋࡼ࠺䣎 䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࢀ⥆ࡅࡿ䣍࠸࠺ࡢࡀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢᇶᮏᵓᅗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍 ࢆ┦ᑐࡋᚓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ᑐࡋ࡚┿䣬ྥࡽᑐᓖࡍࡿࡢࡀ ࢱࢥࡢࡇ 䣓ὠ㍍ࡢ 䣓ி㒔ࡔ 䣓ὠ㍍ࡢࢱࢥࡀࡴ∗ぶࡀᒣ᳡ኵᨃࡏࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡓࡢ࡛䣍࠸࠺ࡀ㞷ᯞࡣ ࡑࡢሙྜࡣ䣍 䣓⌧ᐇࡢ⮬ศࢆ㔜ࡡࡿࡓࡵ䣔ࡢୗṧࡉࢀ࡚䣓ẕᏳᑑࡢࢆ㢪䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࡢᏑᅾ䣔࡛ࡋ࡞࠸䣎 䣓ᚰⓗࡣᒾᮌᒣࡢᏳᑑࡢヰࡢ᪉ࡀẼධ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣔 ᅄᖺไᏛ⦅ධࡋ࡚᐀ᩍࢆᏛࡧࡓ࠸࠸࠺㢪࠸ࢆ㜼 ୍⯡ὶᕸࡍࡿヰࡢ᪉ࡶཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸
ㄝ⤒ 䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ጜࡣಙࡌࡲࡋࡓ䣎ࣝࡀཔᏊ⋤࡛࠶ࡾ䣍தࡲ࡛䣍䥹୰␎䥺ᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅௨᮶䣍⩏ᐙࡸ㢗ᮅ䣍ᯝ࡚ࡣᯇ๓⸬ࡶᩋࢀ䣍ᠾ㎮ᡓ ࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤࠶ࡿጜᘵ㛵ಀࡣኚᐜࡋࡘࡘ⏕ࡉࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ㢪䣬࡚࠸ࡓ࢚࣑ࢩࡢᛮ࠸ࡀᜥࢆ྿ࡁ㎸ࢇࡔጼ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎 ཎఫẸࡢᛮ࠸ࡣఏࢃࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ䣍࡛࠶䣬ࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ䣎ࢩࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓཎఫẸ㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ䣎 ♳ࡾࡢẼᣢࡕࡣᏳᑑྥࡅࡽࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎ࡣ࠾࠾ࡦࡢఏㄝࡀከࡃṧ䣬࡚࠸࡚䣍㏣ᨺࡉࢀ⥆ࡅࡓ࢚࣑ࢩࡢヰ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣍 㞷ᯞࡀᚭㄒ䣬ࡓᒾᮌᒣࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䥹୰␎䥺ᘵࡢཔᏊ⋤ࡣ䣍ࡧ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ௦ࡀ⸽ ࡑࡢᛮ࠸ࡢࢩࣥ࣎ ࠾࠾ࡦゝ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍 ጜࡣ䣍 ࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋࡓ䣎 Ᏻᑑࡣ࢚࣑ࢩࡢዪ⚄ ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢚࣑ ☜ᒾᮌᒣ ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࡣኚྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿヰ࡛䣍ࡋࡶྂ௦ࡽᚁ᭹ࡉࢀ䣍
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 298
࡚グ᠈ࡢඹ᭷ࢆ☜ㄆࡋྜ࠺ᴦࡋࡳࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ䣎⚄ⓗⱞ③ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ䣎ࡿࡇࡣ✵㛫ⓗ㊥㞳ࢆࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋ䣍ጜࡢ㛫స䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡢሙྜࡶྠࡌ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ࡣགྷ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⢭⚄ⓗ␗ᖖ࡞ࡲ࡛จᅛࡋࡓᙉ࠸୍ᛕࢆᢪࡃጜࡢᏑᅾࡣᘵ䣬࡚䣓ᘵࡢឤ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ䣔ࡼ䣬࡚⨾⣖Ꮚࡾᅇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡢ䣔䣓ᅽಽࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚䣔࠸ࡓࡀ䣍⤖ᮎ㏆ࡃ࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿ㟷ᖺࡶࡲࡓ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚ࡿ䣎 ጜࡣ⡆༢ࡣ࠼࡞࠸࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣛࣜఫࡳ⥆ࡅ ࡇࡕࡽࡢ᪉ࡢᘵࡣ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③ࡲ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㊥㞳ࢆ㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣔 ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ㟁ヰ࡛ࡶ┤᥋䣬ࡓ࡛ࡶᚭࡀጜᐤࡏࡿ࠸䣎 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 䣬ࡓࡔࡅᏊࡶ௦㑏䣬ࡔ䣬ࡓࡀ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ᖖែࡍࡿ⢭ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓࡃ࡚䣍ヰࡋࡓࡇ䣔࡛䣍┤᥋䣬ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀヰࡋࡓ㞷ᯞࡢᮾ᪑⾜ࡢෆᐜࡣ ࡣᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ᚭࡍࢀࡤ⪺ࡁᙺᚭࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡋᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ㐪࠸࡞ ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡑࡢᘵ 䣓ᚭࡋ䣍ヰࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ┦ᡭࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣔ࡶࡢ 䣓ᘵࡢឤ࠸࠺ࡶ ᛮ࠺㟷ᖺࡘ࡞ࡀ 䣓ᚭ⪺࠸࡚࠾࠸࡚ ࡕ䣭ࢇ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡼ䣎࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶះ䣬࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡋࡡ࠼䣎ࡢ䣎ឤࡌࡔ䣬ࡓࢇࡔ䣎 ᘵ䣬࡚࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣᑠࡉ࡞㡭䣍 ࡢ࡞ࡢࡡ࠼䣎 ࠶ࡓࡋࡶ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡑࡢᘵࢆຍ࠼࡚䣍 ᘵࢀࡔࡅຓࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡶྍឡࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡓศࢆ䣍 ࡁࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡽ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 ࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀࢆࡉࡽࡳ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺䣎ᚭࡣ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓ࡇࡕࡽࡶ୰ᑛᑎ㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ࡛䣍
ࡲࡋ࡚䣍ᘵࡀ࠸ࡓࡽ䣍 ࠶ࢇࡓࡓࡕࡔ䣬ࡓࡽࡦࡘࡋ㐪ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚䣍 ࠶ࢇࡓࡶࡎ࠸ࡪࢇᚰᙉ䣬ࡓࢁ࠺ࡡ࠼䣎 ࡶ࠺Ꮚࡳࡓ࠸࡞ ᘵ䣬࡚䣍 ࠸࠸ࡶ
࠸࠺ࢱࢥࡢヰࢆࡋ䣍࡚࠸࠺᱓ࡢᮌࡢேᙧࢆᣢ䣬࡚䣍㋀ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㤿࠾ጲᵝࡢᜊ≀ㄒࢆḷ䣬ࡓ䣔䣓ி㒔ࡔ㜰ࡔ䣔䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡢᮾࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎㄝࡀዎᶵ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ䣓ⱝ࠸⏨䣔ࡣ䣍ษ⪺ࡁࡓࡃ䣔ࡽ䣍ࡢ㛵ಀ┦ఝᙧ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣࡑࢀࢆ㏆ࡃ࡛⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎Ꮚࡀࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ䣍 ∗ࡢᏑᅾࢆ㐲ࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ ࡢゝⴥࢆヰࡍዪᏊᏛ⏕ࡽࡋ࠸ே㐃ࢀ㟷ᖺࡢ㛫グ᠈ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤㐃࡞ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎 ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣ䣍㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣔⪃࠼ࡿ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣍ࡶ䣍 ୍ே࡛㟷᳃ࢆ᪑⾜ࡋ࡚ᜍᒣࢆゼࢀࡓ⪥ࡋࡓࡎ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣඹ᭷ࡍࡿ㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 㞷ᯞᚭࡶྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍∗࡛࠶ࡿᒾᇛุᐁࡢྡᅇࡸ⏕ࡁูࢀࡓẕࡢ࠸࠺┠ⓗࢆぢኻࢃ ᗂ∗ࢆஸࡃࡋࡓࡇࡸẕぶࡀኵࢆ㠀㞴ࡍࡿࡇ䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔ࡢᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡶぢࡽࢀࡓ䣎ேࡀ㎞࠸᪥ࠎࢆ⪏࠼࡚䣍࡞࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀඹ㏻ࡍࡿ㢧ⴭ࡞≉ᚩ࡛䣍ࡑࡶࡑࡶ䣍ㄝ⤒⧅ࡀࡾࢆᙉᅛಖ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡀẕ䣬࡚ࡢᘵࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓∗ぶࡢ࠶ࡢୡࡽࡢゝⴥࢆ③ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡽࡍࡿ䣎 䣓࢜ࢩࣛᵝ䣬䣓୰ᑛᑎ㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞䣬ࡓࢇࡔࡽࡡ䣔 ẕࡀㄒࡿ䣍ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢࢆࡡࡓࡴࡔࡅ࡛䣍ࡁࡢኵࡢゝືࡢᛣࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡋࡴ࠸࠺ࡼࡾ䣍 ኵ⮬ศࡢᘵࡢ୕⪅䣍㡭ࡢヰ⇕୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣔 ࡸࡸ␗ᖖぢ࠼ࡿぶᐦࡉࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕུ∗ ࠶ࡢேࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡣ䣍▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ࡛䣍 ⨾⣖ ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᘵ࠶ࡓࡿ㉥ࢇᆓࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࡞ࡃṚࢇࡔ ㄒ䣬࡚䣍 ࡑࢀࡇࢁ䣍 ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛䣍 ፉ䣬࡚ࡢ∗ࡢᏑᅾࢆྰᐃ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ፉࡢ⨾⣖Ꮚ ࠾ࡆ࡛ࡇࡑࡇࡑࢃ Ṛࢇࡔኵᑐࡍࡿࡇࡢẕࡢឤࡣ䣍 ፉࡢ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ⊋⊌࠼ࡎ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ 䣓ࡇ䣬ࡕࡢ௰ 㞃ࢀ࡚࠸䣍 Ꮚࡶࡢ㡭ࢆᅇࡋ࡚࠸㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࢆ☜ㄆࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡛ࡇࡢጜᘵ㛵ಀࡣ䣍࠼ࡤ䣓ኪࢆ᫂ࡍໃ࠸࡛䣍ẖᬌ䣍ேࡀᏊࡶࡔ䣬ࡓ
䥹
13䣓པ䥺 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 299
㐪࠸ࡣ䣍సᴦࡀᮾᾏ㐨ᐤࡏࡿᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡶぢ᪉ࡼࢀࡤ㞷ᯞࡢ㢪࠸ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᢚᅽ⨨࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࢸ䤀࣐ࡀ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 సᴦࡣᐙ᪘ࡼ䣬࡚ᗃ㛢ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡍࡿ䣍࠸⮬యࡀ㞷ᯞࡢ⢭⚄ࢆ⼃ࡳ䣍ࡃ࡞䣬ࡓ䣔࠸࠺ᗃ㛢⏕άࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿ䣎 㞷ᯞࡇࡑ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③ࡢཎᅉ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎୍㋾ࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࡇࢁ䣍㜼ࢇࡔࡢࡣぶ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍㢗ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᚭࡶ䣓ࡤࡤࡋ࠸䣔ྠᵝ䣍ᙉ◳㜼ࡲࢀ䣍 㞷ᯞࡣࡋ࠸䣔 ᚭࡣᮾிࡢᏛࢆฟ࡚ࡑࡢࡲࡲᮾி࡛ᑵ⫋ࡋ䣍ᏛࡢᮾὒဴᏛ⛉⦅ධࡋ䣍 ᐙ᪘ࢆ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③ᕳࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ䣎 䣓⮬ศࢆ┳どࡍࡿᐙ᪘ࢆ࿚࠸䣍 ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎ጼࡣ䣍࡛ṔྐࢆᏛࡪࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡢᏊࡢ Ꮚࡶࡢ㡭ࡽ᐀ᩍᣊ䣬ࡓ⮬ศࡀ▷༞ᴗᚋࡶᮾிṧ䣬࡚ᅄᖺไ࡚ࡃࡿヰࡀዲࡁ࡛䣍 ᙼࡢᐙ᪘ࡶᙼࡽ⢭ 䣓ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㈇ࡅ䣬ࡥ࡞ࡋ䣔ࡢ⤖ᯝ⤊ࢃࡿ䣎ࡑࢀኳ≸ࡢヰ䣔 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡢሙྜ䣍㞷ᯞࡢᙉ࠸ᛮࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ᮾࡢṔྐẸ㛵ࡍࡿᮏࢆㄞࡳ䣍 ࡋࡋࡑࢀࡣ䣍 ࡇࡇࡣᐙ᪘ࡀᙉ࠸࡚ࡢᮾ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣍 ᚭே࡛ 䣓ほ㡢ࡉࡲࡸᒣ⚄ࡉࡲࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿヰ䣔ࢆㄞࡳ䣍ᚭࡣ䣓࠾ࡤࡅࡢฟࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺Ṕྐ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍 ⪥࡞ࡋⰾ୍ࡢヰࡀ≉ዲࡁ䣔 ୍ே࡛እࡶฟࡽࢀ࡞ ࡢ ᐙ᪘ࡽ 䣓ே୕⬮࡛ຮᙉ࡛ࡁࡓࡽ䣍 䣓࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸⊂❧ᅜᐙ䣔 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ㄒ䣬ࡓ㞷ᯞࡀᥥࡃᮍ᮶ࡢጜᘵࡢ 㞷ᯞࡢ 䣓ぢᙇࡾ䣔 ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚Ꮫ ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ 㞷ᯞࡣ≉ࡍࡤࡽ 䣓๓ᵝࡢヰࡸ䣍 䣓⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜ䣔 ࡋ
㞷ᯞᚭࡢጜᘵࡣ୧ぶࡢࡢ㛵ಀࡽேࡔࡅ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࡀከࡃ䣍㞷ᯞࡼ䣬࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ䣍䣬ࡥ࡞ࡋ࡞ࢇࡔࢃ䣎⊁⊟ࡀᚓព࡛䣍ᘪ▮ࡀᙉࡃ࡚ࡶ䣍ࡔࡵࡔ䣬ࡓࡢࡡ䣎ࡢᅜ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࢇࡔ࡞䣍 ⊂⮬ࡢᩥࢆ᭷ࡋࡓᮾࡀ࠸ 䥹୰␎䥺࡛ࡶ䣍ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ䣍㈇ࡅ ➇࠺ 䣓ᚁఆ䣔 ᏳಸẶ࡛ࡶ⸨ཎẶ࡛ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡽ䣍 ᮾࡀࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽᮏᙜࡦࡘ
ࡓጜࡼ䣬࡚ࡾᅇࡉࢀࡿᐙ᪘䣍ࡇࢁࡌ䣭࡞࠸䣔࡞ኌ䣔ᚭࡽ㟁ヰ࡛䣓↓㈐௵࡞ࡇࢆ䣍ጜゝࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸䣔䣓ᝒ㬆ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡛ᨷࡵ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䣓ᅜ㝿ࢫࣃᅋࡀᬯ㌍䣔பࠎ᭩ࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡍࡽཷࡅྲྀ䣬࡚࠸ࡓ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ䣍 㞷ᯞࡢ≧ἣࢆఏ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ䣍 ≉ᘵࡢጼࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡿ䣎 ᪸䣬࡚㟈࠼ࡓᚭࡢኌࡣ⣬ࡢෆᐜࡽ⨾⣖Ꮚࡶゎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎 ␗ᖖ࡞ࡲ࡛ࡢ୍ᛕจࡾᅛࡲ䣬ྡᡤḷᯖࢆᩥࡋ࡚⥅ᢎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃാࡃຊ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸䣎ឤࢆᢪࡏ࡞࠸ຊࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡍࢀࡤ䣍 㟁ヰࡢᚋ࡛ᚭ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡃ䣎 䣓ᐙ᪘ࡢ⪅ࡣࡑࢀ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡽ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡣࡸ⌧ᐇࡢᮾᾏ㐨࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍 ࡢ㞷ᯞࡢᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡣจࡾᅛࡲࡾ䣍ᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 సᴦࡓࡕࡢᛮ࠸ࡶఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࢆ⫼ᚋ࡛ᨭ࠼ࡿᙺࢆᢸ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ᮾᾏ㐨ࡶᐙ᪘ࡶᡓព㧗ᥭࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ⨨ࡢ႘ࡋ࡚ࡋㄞࡵ࡞࠸䣎ࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸䣎ᐙ᪘ࡀᢚᅽ⨨ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ព㆑ࡀⷧ࠸䣎⚄ⓗⱞ③ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡔ䣎 ࡢⓎ⾲ᮇࡀᡓⰍࡀ⃰࠸ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ䣍 ࡑࢀࡇࡑࡀྡᡤḷᯖⓗ࡞ఱࡶࡢ䣍 ᐙ᪘ࡣ䣍 ᡓព㧗ᥭ⨨ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ୍ᒙ᫂ ኵ࡛࠶ࡾ∗࡛࠶ࡿసᴦࡀᮾᾏ㐨ᐤࡏࡿᙉ࠸ᛮ࠸᫂ࡽᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⢭⚄≧ែ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ ࡑࢀᙉ࠸㐪 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 ୪࡚ࡳࡿ䣍 ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ⾲❧䣬࡚ᥥ ᮾᾏ㐨ࡣࡶ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 䣕ᮾ ࡛ࡣ䣍
⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ⌮ゎࡋࡃ࠸ゝⴥࡀ䣍ᡭ⣬ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ䣎࠸ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀᐙ᪘ࡢேࢃ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ䣍༴ࡪࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ䣎⮬ศ࡛ᢞภ࡛ࡁࡿ≧ែ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺䣍ࡾࡲࡍ䣍ࡑࡇࡣ᭩࠸࡚࠶䣬ࡓ䣎㏻䣍୕㏻䣍ᡭ⣬ࡣ⥆࠸ࡓ䣎࣏ࢫࢺ 㞷ᯞࡀ᫂ࡽᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⢭⚄≧ែ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ䣍 ࡉࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ䣍 㞷ᯞࡀ⨾⣖Ꮚᩆ 㞷ᯞࡽࡢ㟁ヰᡭ ࡃ䣍 ࡞ࢇ࠸࠺㦁ࡂ᪉࡛ࡋ䣯࠺䣍 ⚾ࡢᐙ᪘࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 300
⣖Ꮚࡶㄒࡾ⥅ࡄ௰⪅䣍ㄒࡾ㒊࡞ࡿ䣎ࡓ⤖ᮎ࠸࠼ࡿ䣎㞷ᯞ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ䣍㟷ᖺᮾࡢṔྐࡣㄒࡾ⥅ࡀࢀ䣍⨾ࡄ௰⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡢṔྐࡢከࡃࡣᚭࡽᚓࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍Ꮚㄒࡾ䣍ࢀࡿ䣔䣓Ꮚࡶ䣔ࡢᙺࡶᢸࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ᚭࡢࡼ࠺䣓ࡃࡃᩍ࠼࡚ࡃ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡔ䣎 ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀࡣᖺ㱋ᕪࡀ࠶ࡾࡍࡂࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼࡞ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ䣍ᚭ㐪䣬࡚ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ ጜᘵ࡛ᩍ࠼ᙺࡀ㏫࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡢ⨾⣖Ꮚ༑௦ࡢࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡢ㛵ಀࢆᏳᑑཔᏊ⋤ࡢጜᘵぢ❧࡚ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡶࡲࡓ௰⪅࡞ࡿࡇࡀண࿌ࡉࢀ ⨾⣖Ꮚ㞷ᯞࡀ▷ᖺ⏕ࡢᚭࡣ㧗ᰯᖺ⏕࡞ࡢ࡛䣍 䣓▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ䣔 ࡑࡢព࡛ࡣ㞷ᯞࡣṔྐࢆㄒࡾ⥅ ᚭࡽᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓᮾࡢṔྐࢆ㞷ᯞࡀ⨾⣖ 㞷ᯞࡢཱྀࡽㄒࡽࢀࡿᮾ ࡛㟷ᖺヰࡋ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺࠸ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᙉ࠸୍య㢪ᮃ࡛㛢ࡌࡿ䣎䣬࡚ᛶⓗࣃ䤀ࢺࢼ䤀࡛࠶ࡾࡘࡘᘵࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㛵ಀࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡣ▱ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ᅄ༑ṓ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔⤖ᮎࡣ ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ⨾⣖Ꮚ
㞷ᯞࡀㄒࡿᮾࡢṔྐࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔ䣎 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣓ࡇࡕࡽࡶ䣔࠸࠺ࡢࡣ䣍㞷ᯞᚭࡢேᑐࡋ࡚䣍࠸࠺ࡇ䤀ࢼ䤀ࡀ䣍⾰㢮ࡢ࠸ࡕࡤࢇୖ⨨࠸࡚࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ᖺࡢ⾰㢮ࢆぢࡘࡵࡓ䣎པᏊ⋤ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡶᝏࡃࡣ࡞࠸䣍 㒊ᒇ࠸ࡿ㛫䣍ᖐᏯ㛫ࡀつ๎࡞㟷ᖺࢆᚅࡕࡘࡘ㣗ࡢ‽ഛࡸὙ℆䣍 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ╔ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿỈⰍࡢࢺࣞ ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣᛮ࠸䣍 ␚ࡳ⤊ࢃ䣬ࡓ㟷 ᤲ㝖ࡸ⾰㢮ࡢ⧋࠸ ࡇࡕࡽࡶ୰ᑛᑎ㟷ᖺࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁ䣍 ▱䣬ࡓࡪࡾ࡛䣍 㤿ࡢヰࡸᏳᑑ
⾰ᕝࡢྂᡓሙ㊧࡛ࡣ䣍ḟࡢࡼ࠺㞷ᯞࡀ⇕䣬ࡱࡃᮾࡢṔྐࢆㄒࡿ䣎䣓࠶ࡢ䣍 ኟⲡࡸරࡶࡀ䣬࡚ࡇࢁ࡞ࡢࡡ䣔 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀⰸⷀࡢ୍ྃࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ
ࡀ㌟㏆࡞ឤࡌࡡ䣎ࡢࡧ࡚䣍΅ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞䣬࡚ゝ䣬ࡓࢃࡅ䣎ࡽ⛯㔠ࡣᡶࢃ࡞࠸ࡅ䣍 ࡑࡇ࡛⁛ࡋࡓࡢࡼ䣎ࡑࡢ࢜ࢧࡀ࠸ࡓࡢࡼ䣎ࡓࡽ䣎 ಒᅃ䣬࡚࠸࠺䣍 ࡔࡽ䣍 ᏳಸẶࡶࡑࢀ࡛䣍 ኳୗࢆྲྀࢁ࠺࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡶ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡽ䣍 䥹୰␎䥺᭦┒ᒸࡢ᪉ࡲ࡛ᏳಸẶࡀ㏨ࡆࡶ䣍ዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡼ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰࡀ䣎 ࠶ࡓࡋࡓࡕ䣬࡚ࡣᏳಸẶࡢ᪉ ࠶ࡢᆏୖ⏣ᮧ㯞࿅ࡢ㝆అࡋࡓ࢚࣑ࢩࡀ࠶䣬࡚䣍ࡁࡓࢇࡔ䣬࡚࠸࠺ヰࡔࡅࡡ䣎ᘵࡔࡅࡌ䣭࡞ࡃ࡚䣍ࡇ䣬ࡕࡢඛ⏕࡞ࢇ࠺࠸࠺⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ䣍ࡎ䣬ᠾ㎮ᡓதࡢࡲ࡛ᮾࡣ⊂❧ࡋࡓࡀ䣬࡚Ṧ࡞ᙧ࡛ṧ䣬ࡓࡢࡀࢾ䣍࣐ࢱࢠ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࢇࡔ䣬࡚䣎ࡑ ࡔࢇࡔࢇຊࢆ࠼࡚䣍᪥ᮏ࠸࡚䣍ࡑࢀࡀࡔࢇࡔࢇࡢ᪉㏣࠸ワࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸䣬࡚䣍᭱ᚋ≉᫇䣍ࡶࡶࡣ࢚࣑ࢩ䣬࡚᪥ᮏ᭩⣖࡞ࢇ࡛グ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿཎఫẸࡀࢀ࡚ࡓࡇࡡ䣎࢚ࢰᚁఆ䣬࡚ゝ࠺࡛ࡋ䣯䣎࠶ࡢ࢚ࢰࡼ䣎୰ᑛᑎࡢ⸨ཎẶࡸ䣍ࡑࡢ๓ࡢᏳಸẶࡶ࢚࣑ࢩ䣬࡚䣍ࡘࡲࡾእᅜேᢅ࠸ࡉ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡋ䣎㯤㔠ࡢᅜ࠸࠺ឤࡌࡡ䣎 ᮅᘐࡇࢀ⊂❧ࡋࡓᅜࡳࡓ࠸ࡔ䣬ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍ䣬࡚䣎㔠ࡣ᥇ࢀࡿࡋ䣍ࣛࣈ⏘ࡢ㤿ࡶᣢ䢣䢣ࡇࡇ䣬࡚࠸࠺䣍ᮾయࡀࡑࡢ⁛ࡰࡉࢀࡓࡢࡼ䣎ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ ᖸ ẅࡋ䣍ࡇࢀࢆཱྀᐇ㢗ᮅࡀࡇࡇࢆ⁛ࡰࡋࡓ䣬࡚ࢃࡅ䣎 ᏳಸẶ䣬࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡶ䣍 ᒾᡭ┴୍ᖏࢆ⊂❧ᅜࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡇࡋ࡚ᰤ࠼࡚࠸䢣䢣 䥹୰␎䥺 ୕௦⚽⾮ࡀࡃࡲ䣬࡚䣍 ᜥᏊࡢὈ⾮ࡀ㢗ᮅࢆᛧࢀ࡚⩏⤒ࢆ
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˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 301
ࡣ㐃⤡ࡀ㏵⤯࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶䣬ࡓࡀ䣍ḟ႐ከ㐨୰ࡢࡈࡃࡣᛮ࠸ࡶࡼࡽ࡞࠸ࣁࣉࢽࣥࢢぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚䣍ேࡢᑡዪ䣔ጞࡲࡿ䣎ㄒࡾࡢ⌧ᅾࡽࡍࡿ༑ᖺ௨ୖࡶ๓ࡢࡇ࡛䣍ࡏ䣍ฟ㌟ࡢྠ⣭⏕࡛ኟఇࡳ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ᖐ┬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㞷ᯞ୍ࣀ㛵࡛ᚅࡕྜࢃ 䣓ࡤ࡞ࡇࡤ䣬ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪑⾜䣔 㞷ᯞࡢᐇᐙ࡛ࡢᐟἩࢆྵࡵ࡚ᮾࡢྡᡤᪧ㊧ࢆゼࡡ࡚ࡲࢃࡿࡇࢁࡽ ࡢ้⾲ࡍࡽㄪ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞↓ㅛ࡞ᚅࡕྜࢃࡏࡽጞࡲ䣬ࡓ᪑ ாᖺᅄ༑࠸࠺㞷ᯞࡢṚࢆ࿌ࡆࡿ㛗௦࠶䣬࡚ࡣእᮧࡀᣦࡍࡿࡼ࠺䣓♽ᅜឡ䣔᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎ࡢࡔ䣎༑୕ḟ䣖 ࡑࢀࡣᶒጾࡢᙉ࠸୍యᚿྥࢆ㞃ࡋᣢ䣬࡚࠾ࡾ䣍࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡢ୰⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᣍ᮶ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᾏ㐨࠸࠺⾤㐨ࡀ㐀ࡋࡓᩥྐ䣍࠺ᩥᏛసရࡣࡑࢀぢᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ䣍 ࡣᩥࡢாཷྐ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡽࡢㄞࡳࢆᚿྥࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺సရ࡞䣕ᮾᾏ㐨୰⭸ᰩẟ䣖ࡢᘺ ࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎⛣䣬࡚ࡽࡣி㒔ࡇࡑࡀ✲ᴟⓗ࡞ྡᡤḷᯖ࡞䣬ࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ேࡢ㒔ࡀி㒔࠶ࢀࡤᮾᅜࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡋ࡚⁻Ἡࡢ᠄ࡢᆅ࡞ࡾ䣍 䣓௦㞳ࢀࡢࡋࡓࡇࡑពࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍᪥ᮏᩥࡢఏ⤫࠶䣬࡚ྡᡤḷᯖࡣᐇ㝿⾜ࡃࡇࡼࡾࡶീୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ࡑࡢⓎࡢ᰿ᗏ࠶ࡿࡢࡣྡᡤḷᯖࢆ㐀ࡋࡓࡢྠࡌࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡳ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀࡣṔྐⓗᩥⓗᙉ࡞ᶒጾࢆࡶ䣬ࡋ࡚䣍 ࡉࡽ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ䣍 ᡓⰍࢆᙉࡵࡿ ࡘࡲࡾᚋᬒ ᮾᾏ㐨ࡀ 䣓ឡᅜ⢭⚄ࢆ⌧ࡍሙᡤࡳ࡞ࡍⓎࡀᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ≧ἣ䣔 䥹㠀ᅾ䥺 ࡇࡢసရ⮬యࡀᮾ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨 ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ䣎 㒔ࡀᮾி ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 ࡀ ὠᓥభᏊࡢ䣓པᏊ⋤䣔 ࡛ࡣ䣍▷ᮇᏛᖺ⏕࡛ᮾிఫࡴ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀ䣍┒ᒸྡᡤḷᯖࡼ䣬࡚ᩥࡢாཷྐࡀసࡽࢀ䣍సᴦࡽస୰ே≀ࡣ᠄ࡽᮾᾏ㐨ࡢྐ㊧ࢆṌ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 ࠸
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࡛࠶ࡿ䣎པᏊ⋤ࡢேࡀ࠸㢦ࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡢᖾ⚟ឤ㔜ࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡎ࠸ࡓ䣔࠸࠺ࡼ࠺䣍ㄝ⤒䣓ࡉࢇࡏ࠺ኴኵ䣔࡛ᗂ࠸Ᏻᑑࡢᗂࡉࡔࡅࡀ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ㏻࠸ྜ࠺䣔ࡋ䣍ࡉ䣔ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎Ꮚࡶ䣬ࡱࡉᇳ╔ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ䣔ࡓ䣔࠶ࡿ䣎ᑐࡋ࡚䣍❺㢦䣔࡛䣍 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ 䣓㟷ᖺࡣ㟷ᖺ࡛䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡀᮍࡔ㐣࡞ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ┦ᙜࡍࡿ࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸䣎 䣓ே࡛㢦ࢆぢྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍ࡶࡍࡿ䣍࠸ࡃ࡞䣬࡚ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ䣔 䣓➗࠺䣍ᮏᙜᏊࡶࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢦࡞䣬࡚䣔࠸࠺ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺ 䣓Ꮚࡶࡢ㡭ࡽ▱䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽᣢ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ࠶䣬䣓୕༑௦ࡢ࡞ࡤ࡛࢜䤀ࢫࢺࣛࣜΏ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠸䣍ࡋࡲ䣬ࡓ㉥ࢇᆓ䣍 䣓ࡑࢀ௨ୖᴦࡋ࠸≧ែࡶ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ᐙ᪘ࡀࢸ䤀࣐࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ጜࡢᏳᑑ┦ᙜࡍࡿࡢࡣ㞷ᯞ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕ ࠸࠺䣎 ᘵࡢཔᏊ⋤┦ᙜࡍࡿࡢࡣᚭ䣍 ⨾⣖Ꮚ㟷ᖺࡢᚭ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢẕࡢᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎࠸ᡭ⣬ࢆ⨾⣖Ꮚࡀཷࡅྲྀࡿࡲ࡛⥆࠸ࡓ䣎ᡭ⣬ࡢᕪฟேࡣ㞷ᯞࡢ୕ṓୗࡢᘵ䣍 ⤖ᮎ㏆ࡃ࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿྡ๓ࡀ࡞࠸㟷ᖺࡶཔᏊ⋤ 䣓Ꮚࡶ䣬ࡱ ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢུ∗࠶ࡓࡿࡇࡢே≀ࡣ ⨾⣖Ꮚࡢᘵ࡛⏘ࡲࢀ࡚ࡍࡄṚࢇ࡛ ⡆༢࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ࠼࡞
ࡢ㟷ᖺࡔ䣬ࡓ䣎༙ᖺ๓䣍ே࡛ヰࢆỴࡵ䣍㟷ᖺࡀ㉺ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ䣎⨾⣖Ꮚࡀཷࡅᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡓࡀ䣍᪥୍ᗘࡣ䣍ࡕ䣯࠺୰㛫Ⅼ࠶ࡓࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿ㹂㹉ࡢ࣐ࣥࢩ䣼ࣥ❧ࡕᐤ䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡑࡇ❧ࡕᐤࡿࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ࡑࡇఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡣ䣍 ୍ேࡢ䣍 ࡑࡢ㒊ᒇࡢᐙ㈤ࡢ༙ศࢆ䣍⨾⣖Ꮚ䣬࡚䣍ࡇࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ༢࡞ࡿᜊே࠸࠺Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ࡲࡔ༑௦ 䣓པᏊ⋤䣔ࡣࡑࡢ㢟ྡࡢࡲࡲጜᘵ㛵ಀࡀࢸ䤀࣐ࡢ୍ࡘ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 䣓ࡶࡶ ᚭࡢᡭ⣬ࢆཷࡅྲྀ䣬ࡓ⩣᪥䣍 ⨾⣖Ꮚࡣ♫ࡀ㏥ࡅ࡚ࡽ䣍 ♫ᐙࡢ
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≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 302 ᾘࡋ䣍ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ே⏕ᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿ⮳ࡿዪᛶࡢ༙⏕グ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡁ࡞ᖹ‶ࡶゝࢃࡎࡁྜ䣬࡚䣍Ḟࡅࡤ䣍༑୕ḟ䣖ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶࡘ⮳ࡿࡣ࠸ࡃࡽ࡛ࡶぢฟࡏࡼ࠺䣎 ㊃ⓗே⏕⏕ࡁࡿࡇࢆチࡉࢀࡓ䣍ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ㔜࡞ࡿࡇ࡛䣓ᶒጾ䣔࡞ࡾ䣍ࡸࡀ࡚䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ ࡣ䣍ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ྡᡤḷᯖࡑࡇࡲࡘࢃࡿྂᩥᏛࡸఏᢎࡢୡ⏺࠸࠺せ⣲ࢆ᭷ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣャࡳᡭࡀᮃࡴࡼ࠺࡞㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶ䣬ࡓゎ㔘ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ୰ㄏࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸䣎ᡤ࡛࠶䣬࡚ࡶ䣍 ኚဴࡶ࡞䣬ࡓᐇᅾࡢሙᡤࡀㄞࡳᡭࡓࡕࡼ䣬࡚ព࠶ࡿሙᡤᤞ㇟ࡉࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࡓࡽ䣍 ከᑡࡢ‶ࡣᜥᏊࡢᮇᚅࡢ୰ゎㄞ⪅ࡣࡑࡢὶࢀ䣬࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ㐪࠸࡞࠸䣎 ㄞ⪅ࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡀᨺࡘୖ࡛⧅ࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡃ䣎 Ⰻࡃゝ࠼ࡤ⮬⏤ேࡢ∗ࡸኵ⌧ᅾࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿேࡶᵓୖࡢே≀ࡶ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃ䣍ࡋࢀ࡞࠸䣎ࡢ᪑ࡀ㕲㊰ࢆ㉮ࡿỶ㌴ࡢ᪑䣍࡞ࡃ✜ࡸ࠸ࡘࡢ㛫ཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ䣍 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍࡞⧅ࡀࡾ䣍 ⥴ⓗ☜ࡉࡼ䣬࡚ࡑࢀࢆ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡔ䣎 ࡑࡇࡀⓏሙே≀䣬࡚ࡓ࠼ព࠶ࡿሙ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡓゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎 ⌧ᅾࡢ᪑Ṕྐࡢ᪑ࡀ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠸䣍 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨 ࡇࡢࡘࡼࡿᩥ㑇⏘ࡢ⥅ᢎᑐࡋ࡚䣍࠸ࡀ䣍ே⏕࠸࠺᪑࠾࠸࡚ࡣ䣓⚾䣔ྠࡌࡼ࠺ኵࡢⰋࡁ䣓ຓᡭ䣔࡛࠶䣬ࡶࡘྠᒃࡋࡓ⪁∗ឤࡉࢀ࡚ 䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔 ྡᡤḷᯖࢆṌࡃ᪑࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࡢ ேࠎࡣⓙ䣍 ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 㐣ཤࡢᐇᅾࡢே≀ࡶ 䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔 Ṕྐⓗ㛫ࡢ సᴦࡢጔࡣኵᐇ㝿ࡢ᪑ฟ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 ㄞ⪅ࡀࡁ࡞㐪ឤࡶ ࡞ࡾ䣍 ࡋࡶᮍ᮶ࡢ᪂どぬࢆ సရྡࡀ➃ⓗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺䣍 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀௬䣍 ᚐṌ㒊ศࡢ⾜ඛࡀྡᡤḷᯖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣍ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞∗Ꮚ䥹∗ᜥᏊ䥺ࡼࡿᖌᘵ㛵ಀ䣍 ࡘࡲࡾ䣍 ṔྐⓗᩥⓗⰍᙬࡀ 䣓ຓᡭ䣔䥾ዪᛶ࠸࠺ᙉᅛ
䥹㸷䥺 ḷ࠾࠸࡚䣍 䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔 ࡢඹ
సᴦࡽࡢ䣓ி㒔ᛮះ䣔ࡢពࢆၥ࠸䣍ࡿゝ࠼ࡿ䣎እᮧᙲࡣ᪥⳹ኚࡇࢁࡢᮾᾏ㐨ほࢆ㈨ᩱࡼ䣬࡚㎺ࡿࡇ࡛䣍࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔ࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ䣍ࡇ䣍ࡢ౫Ꮡࡼ䣬࡚ᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡇ䣍 ࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ㝖ࢆෆᅾࡉࡏࡓⓎ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡞㛵㐃 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡃ䣔ᛮ࠺ࡔࡅ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡢ౫Ꮡ䣍ᯝࡋ࡚䣓ࡲ࠶ྩࡣዪࡔࡽࡡ䣔ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡶ䣍ඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ䣓ᾆᒣࡋࡣດຊࡋ䣍㛵ᐟ࡛ࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺䣍ඹ᭷࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣓ே䣔ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ⤖➉ᩪዪ➉ᩪ࡛ࡍ䣔ᛂࡌࡓࡼ࠺ඹ᭷ࡋ䣍ඹ᭷ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣓⚾䣔 ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ㝖ࢆෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡛࠸ࡩࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࡼ䣔䣓⚾䣔ゎㄝࡋࡓࡁ䣍 ࡣ䣍㌟ࡣ➉ᩪఝࡓࡿ࡞䣔⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡢඹ᭷ࢆᙉࡃồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡑࢀࡣ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ ᐇᙉᅛ࡞ࢪ䣔ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕㄞ⪅ࡶస୰ே≀䣓⚾䣔ࡶ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ 䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔 ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ 䣓ᮾᾏ㐨㐢Ṕయᑠㄝࡢ୍ࡘ➉ᩪ≀ㄒ 䣓⚾䣔ࡣ䣓࡛ࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ⏨ 䣓ே䣔ࡀⰸⷀࡢ䣓ᮌᯤࡽࡋࡢ ࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎␎䥺⤊ࢃࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸♽ᅜឡࡢ⢭⚄ࡀᣢ⥆ࡍࡿᵝែࡢ㞃႘ㄞࡳ࠺ࡿࡼࡢ㇟ᚩࡢᆅࡋ࡚ᥥࡇ࠺࠸࠺స⪅ࡢពᅗࡀ࠶䣬ࡓࡶ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ䣎ሙᡤࢆస୰࡛ᚋᬒ䥹㠀ᅾ䥺ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛䣍௦ࢃࡾᮾᾏ㐨ࢆ᪥ᮏᩥ࡛࠶ࡾᚓࡓ࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ䣎࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ி㒔࠸࠺ ࡑࡋ࡚䣍 ࡑࢀࡣᐇᕦጁ࡞᪉ἲ࡞䣬࡚䣍ࡇࡢࡇࢆ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡣ䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔 䥹୰ ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ ᮾᾏ㐨ࡣྂᩥࡢ㞟✚ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿྠ䣍♽ᅜឡࢆࡶⓎືࡉࡏࡿሙ
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 303 ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣍࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᾭࡢᴗࡋࡓ࠸䣔ࡢ௰㛫ධࡾࢆࡋࡓࡇ䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࢆ䣓᪥ᮏࡢ୍ほග㐨➽䣔ࡍࡿࡇࢆ䣓⏕ 䣓⚾䣔ࡼ䣬࡚⤖ࡤࢀࡓ⩏∗Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ䣍సᴦᑠᯇ࠸࠺∗ࡀㄒࡿࡢࡣ䣍 ࡕࡽࡶࡁ࡞㞀ᐖ࡞ࡃᩥ㑇⏘ࡢⓎᒎⓗ⥅ᢎࡀᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡽ 䣓⚾䣔࠸࠺ዪᛶࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿᙧᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚䣍∗࡚Ꮚࡋ࡚ᙜ↛ᢪ࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺∗ࡢၥࡸᢈุࢆᑠᯇㄒࡽࡏ࡞࠸䣎ࡓᩥࡑࡢாཷྐ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 ࠸࠺ࡇ䣍 ᖺ⪁࠸࡚ྠᒃࡋࡓ∗ࡢ⾤㐨Ṍࡁࡁྜ࠺ࡇ࡛ாཷࡣ∗Ꮚࡼ䣬࡚ᮍ᮶ྥ䣬࡚⥅⥆ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿ䣎グࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎ᮾᾏ㐨㨩ࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ ࡘࡲࡾᩥ㑇⏘ࡢⓎᒎⓗ⥅ᢎ࠸࠺᫂ࡿࡉࡿ䣎ᛶࡀ∗ኵࡼ䣬࡚ ࡀᥥࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍ᮾᾏ㐨ࡢ㨩ຊᅃࢃࢀࡓேࢆ㛫ࡢὶࢀࡢ୰ᥥࡁ䣍 ࡑࢀࡺ࠼䣍 ᚋ༙࡛సᴦࡢᜥᏊ࡛࠶ࡿᑠᯇᢏᖌࡀⓏሙࡋ䣍 ࡋࡓࡀ䣬࡚䣍࠶ࡿ䣎⧅ࡈ࠺ࡍࡿ⇕ព⮬ࡽࢆࡑࡢᩥࡢாཷྐࡢ୰ᢞࡌࡼ࠺ࡍࡿពᚿ࡛ ⾤㐨ࡢ⁻Ἡ⪅࡞䣬ࡓసᴦᑐࡋᑠᯇࡀ⧅ࡈ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡣ䣍 䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔 ⾤㐨࠸࠺✵㛫࠾࠸࡚㐀ࡉࢀ䣓⚾䣔ாཷࡋ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐⓗႠⅭࢆ࠸࠺䣎 ᮾᾏ㐨࠸࠺⾤㐨ࡀ㐀ࡋ࡚᮶ࡓᩥࡢࡘࡲࡾ⾤㐨࠸࠺✵㛫䣍 ኵㄒࡿࡼ࠺䣍㐨ࢆୖࡾୗࡾࡋࡓࡾ⁻Ἡࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓேࠎࡼ䣬࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓᩥⓗ㑇⏘䣍 䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔 ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡃ༙⏕ࢆㄒࡿᙧ࡞䣬࡚࠸࡛ࡢㆡΏ࡛࠶䣬ࡓゝ࠼ࡿ䣎ࡿ䣎ࡇࡢ⤖፧ࡣ䣍ᖌࡀᣢࡘᪧᮾᾏ㐨ࡲࡘࢃࡿ䣓▱䣔ࡢᘵᏊࡢ࡞ࡲ ᑠᯇ ⾤㐨ᐦ᥋⤖ࡧ࠸ࡓᩥࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍 సᴦ∗Ꮚࡢ༙⏕ 䣓ሙ䣔࠾࠸࡚㐀ࡉࢀࡓᩥࡉࡽࡑࡢᩥࢆ ∗ྠࡌࡼ࠺ᪧ 䣓⚾䣔࠸࠺୍ேࡢዪ䣓⚾䣔ࡢ∗ࡸ䣓ே䣔 䣍సᴦࡸࡑࡢᜥᏊࡢ ᚋୡ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖ࡣ䣍స୰࡛䣓ᮾᾏ㐨ே✀䣔ࡇࡢ䣓▱䣔ࡣ䣍⾤㐨ࡢ㛗࠸Ṕྐࡢ୰࡛䣍⮬ࡽᮃࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅗࡽࡎࡶ⾤ 䣓࠾௰㛫䣔ࡤࢀࡿ䣍ᪧ
ุⓗ࡞ゝཬࡣஈࡋ࠸䣎ࡣ࠸࠼䣍䣓ຓᡭ䣔䥾ዪᛶ࠸࠺ᙉᅛ࡞⧅ࡀࡾࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎௦ࢃ䣬࡚ ᐙᗞࢆษࡋࡓኵ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ∗࡛ࡶ࡞࠸సᴦࡢᐙ᪘ࡽࡢᢈᏊࡢ㡢ᴦᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ ᜥᏊࡢᑠᯇࡣ∗ࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍స᭤ᐙ䣍 䣓ᶆᮏࡢ⏕䣔ࡿࡼ࠺ࡣタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍౪䣔ࡣ䣓Ꮚ౪ࡢ୰䣔࡛ࡶ䣓⏨ࡢᏊ䣔ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚䣍 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣ⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀ䣍㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎㛫ࢆ୍ேసࡾᗘ࠸㦵ᢡࡘ࡚ࢄࡿ䣔 䣓ຓᡭ䣔 ࢆ᭤ᐙ❧࡚䣔 䣓ዪᏊ⨾⾡ฟࡢேࢆ㞠ࡘ࡚㈔ࡘ࡚䣔࡞‶ࡍࡽ䣍᭷ࡋࡓᖾ⚟࡞㛫ࡣỌ㐲⥆ࡃㄞ⪅ᛮࢃࡏࡿ䣎 ẕ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿぢ࡚ࡼ࠸䣎Ỷ㌴䣬࡚࠼ฟࡋࡓࡘࡴࡌࡢⓑ㧥ࡀࡣࡡ࡚ගࡿ䣎 䣓⚾䣔 䣍 䣓Ꮚ౪ࡢ୰ࡢ୍ே࡛㡢ᴦዲࡁࡢ⏨ࡢᏊ䣔䣓ே䣔᱓ྡྥ࠺㌴୰࡛䣍 䣓ඡゅ䣍ࢀࡀ䣓⚾䣔࠶䣬ࡓࡇࢆㄒࡽࡏ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ䣍 ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞䣬ࡓ⊂ᛶࡢⓎࢆᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣔䣍 䣓⚾䣔ࡣࡇࡢᜥᏊࢆ㡢ᴦᏛᰯࡢ࡚ࢄࡿࡇࡣ䣍 ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺䣍 ࡢᘵᏊࡍࡿࡃ䣍 ⮬ศࡢ⬚ࡽฟࡿࡶࡢࢆᛮࡩࡲ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿே࡚䣓ᶆᮏࡢ⏕䣔 ⫱ඣከᛁ࡞ ࠶ࡿࡢࡶ䣍 䣓⚾䣔㡢ᴦⓗᡯ⬟ࡀ࠶㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ḷ⯙ఄ࡞ࡢఏ⤫ⱁ⬟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 䣓ຓᡭ䣔‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍⊂ⓗ࡞సࡢᏊ࠸࠺ࡓࡔࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍ᖌᘵ㛵ಀⓗⰍᙬࢆᖏࡧࡓ∗Ꮚ䥹∗ᜥᏊ䥺 ⤮ࡣࡍࡇࡤࡾࡋ࡚䣍⌧ᅾࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡢ୰྾࠸ 䣓⚾䣔Ꮚ䥹∗ᜥᏊ䥺㛵ಀࡼࡿᩥ㑇⏘ࡢ⥅ᢎࡀᥥࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡉࡽ䣍∗ 䣓ேࡣᛌࡆᒃ╀ࡾࢆࡋ࡚ࢄࡿ䣎ᑡࡋぢᜥ 䣔࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺䣍ࡲࡉ䣍ே⏕࠸࠺ 䣓ᶆᮏⓗࡢ⏬ࡤࡾ䣔 ࡀ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡑࡢᏊࢆ 䣓⚾䣔ࡀᢪࡃࡉࡉࡸ 䣓Ꮚ 䣓⚾䣔ࡢ༙⏕グࡢ⤖ࡧࡀ䣍 ⮬ศࡢᛮࡘࡓࡇࡀᥥࡅ࡞ࡘࡓ ࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓స 䣓ࡶṧᛕᛮࡘ సᴦࡢጔᏊࡢ᪉┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ䣍 ᐙ᪘ࢆ⤒῭ⓗᅔ❓㝗ࢀ࡞䣬ࡓ Ꮚ࡛࠶䣬࡚ࡶዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓⚾䣔ࡀࡇࡢ⥅ᢎ㛵࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ䣓ຓᡭ䣔ࡋ
䥹㸶䥺 ୍⥴᪑ࡋ࡚᮶ࡓ୰ᖺኵ፬ࡢᖾ⚟࡞ே⏕䣍 ࡘࡲࡾேࡀඹ
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 304 せࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼ䣬࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ࡿࡢ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡸ⾲⌧ࡢ㝈⏺༴࠺ࡉ┠ࢆྥࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛䣍 䣓ḞⅬ䣔ࢆ⏕ࡴཎᅉࢆ㏫⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲゝ࠼ࡿ䣎ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᛮ࠼ࡤ䣍 ࢆసࡾฟࡍࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡇࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚࠸ࡃᚲᮏᩥᏛࡢṔྐ࠾࠸࡚▷ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ䣍ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ྥ䣔 ࡣ䣍ࢆ⏕ࡴ䣎 ࡑࢀࡀ㢮ᆺࡋࡓⓎࡸ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼䣍ࢀࡣࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㢮ᆺᶒጾࢆ㐍ࡵ䣍 ḞⅬࡤࡾࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸୍㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸䣎ࡓࡵࡣ㢮ᆺࡉࢀࡓⓎᙧᘧࡸ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ⩦⇍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍 䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ᙧᡂྥࡅࡽࢀࡓᮇ㛫ࡣ᪥ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ䣎ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡀ䣍࣑䤀⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡣಶேࡸ௰㛫ෆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡈࡃ⊃࠸⠊ᅖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ⇕ពࡢᡂᯝࡣᾘ࠼ཤࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ⏕ࡁ⥆ 䣓㢮ᆺ䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ⓗゝ࠼ࡿ䣎ࢆ᭱ึࡽෆᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿⅬ䣍 ⊃࠸⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡢࡇࡀ㠀ᖖ㛗࠸㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ᗈ⠊ᅖர䣬ࡓ㢮ᆺ࡞ࡋࡣព⩏ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ䣍 ࡸ 䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ࡿ࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 సࡢሙࡸாཷࡢሙ࡛㝖ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ 䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔࠸࠺ḞⅬࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍ࡣᩥᏛ୍⯡ࢆ㉸࠼࡚䣍ጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ䣔 ᗈ⠊ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ ࡇ࠶ࡿࣔࣀࡢ㞄᥋ᛶᣐ䣬࡚Ⓨࡍࡿ䣔࠸࠺ࡇࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺䣎 ࡇࡢⓎࡢᙉᅛࡉࡣ㦫ࡃ࡛࠶ࡿゝࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡿࡲ࠸䣎 ャࡳ㎸ࡴሙᡤࡣ↓సⅭ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃつ⠊༶ ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ 䣓౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿ䣔 ࠼ࡤྡᡤྐ㊧࡛࠶ࢀࡤᅵ⏘ရ࡞ࡶᗈࡀ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡸ࣓ࢺࢽ ࡑ 䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔 ࡇࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡢὶᇦ 䣓ᶒ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ䣍 ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⥴ⓗ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡀ᰿ᮏⓗ㢮ᆺᶒ☜ࡑࢀࡣྡᡤḷᯖࡢḞⅬࡣ㐪࠸࡞࠸䣎ࡔࡀ䣍ࡲࡓ䣍 ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗⓎࡸ⾲⌧ࡣሙྜࡼ䣬࡚ࡣ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ⓗ࡞ 䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴ
䥹㸴䥺
ࡢ⤖፧ࡼ䣬࡚䣓▱䣔ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎඃ⚽࡞䣓ຓᡭ䣔ࢆࡶㆡࡾཷࡅࡓࡇ࡞࡛࠶ࡿ䣓▱䣔ࡑࢀࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ䣓㈨ᩱ䣔ᖌࡢፉࢆㆡࡾཷࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎∗ࡣፉ 䣓⚾䣔࠶䣬ࡓ䣎ᘵᏊࡣᖌࡀⵔ㞟ࡋࡓᪧᮾᾏ㐨㛵ࡍࡿᩘࠎࡢရᏛ㆑ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ࢆ∗ࡢඃ⚽࡞៰ࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ䣎ࡘࡓ⽥ࡢࡸ࠺࡞ࡿ䣔࠸࠺ゝⴥ㏻ࡾ䣍ㄒࡾᡭࡢ䣓⚾䣔ࡶࡲࡓ⾤㐨ࡢ㨩ຊ⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿసᴦࡀゝ࠺ࢀࡓேࠎࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ▷⦅࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓ຓᡭ䣔 ࡋ࡚⫱࡚ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛䣍࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ྲྀࡾࡶ㛫ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛䣍ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣὠᓥభᏊ䣕པᏊ⋤䣖ࡀዲ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎ࡲࡓ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡶᮏḷ 䣓ᔐࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࡽᢤࡅࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࡐ䣔ࡘࡢᣦࡢ࠺ࡕ๓⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᒸᮏࡢᏊ ⾤㐨㨩ࡏࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸䣎 ᘵᏊࡣ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠺᪉ἲ䣍 䣓⚾䣔࡞ࡽࡎ䣍 ࡋࡓࡀ䣬࡚䣍ຍ࠼࡚ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣ䣍 㛫ࢸࢡࢫࢺᛶ࡞ࢆḷᯖⓗᛶ᱁ࡋ࡚ࡽ࠼䣍࠼ࡢ⏝౯್ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡲࡵ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸䣎 ጔᏊࢆᤞ࡚࡚⁻Ἡࡢ ྂᩥᏛసရࡢཷᐜ⥅ᢎࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼࡚ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿຊࡸᘬ⏝࠸ᢪ࠼㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ䣍 ࡸ ⊃⩏ࡢḷᯖୖグసရࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ୰ᚰᤣ࠼࡚⪃ᐹጾ῝ࡃࢃࡿ⾲⌧ᙧᘧ࡛䣍 䣓㣩 ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㠃࡛ࡢ⪃ᐹࡘ ྡᡤḷᯖࢆ᰿ᗏ࡛ᨭ࠼䣍 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 ୍᪉࡛䣍 ࡀ䣍 ෆᅾࡋࡓᬯ㯲ࡢゎࡸ⌮ゎࡢࡳ ᚋ⪅ 䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࢆ᭱ึࡽෆ ᗈ⠊ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆⓎࡍࡿࡀࡺ ḷᯖࡢᴫᛕࢆᣑࡋ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖 ࡣᪧᮾᾏ㐨࠸࠺✵㛫ࢆ⯙ྎࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⾤㐨㨩ࡏࡽ ᑟࡁᡭࡣ䣓⚾䣔ࡢ∗䣓ே䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ኵ࡛࠶ࡿ䣓ே䣔ࡣ∗ࡣᖌᘵ࡛ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ䣍 ࡇࡢ≉㉁ࡢ⌮ゎࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉⏝࠸᪉ࢆၥ㢟ࡋࡓ࠸䣎 ඛࡢ
୕
䥹㸵䥺 ˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚ 305 㞟ࡣసḷ౽ぴ࡛࠶䣬ࡓࡋ䣍ࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺䣎ࡢඹ᭷ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣャࡳᡭࡀᮃࡴࡼ࠺࡞㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶ䣬ࡓゎ㔘ࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔ࡣ㛗࠸㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᯖ࠸࠺≉ู࡞ሙᡤ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶䣬࡚䣍 㙊ᮎᮇࡽ༡ᮅᮇࡅ࡚⦅⧩ࡉࢀࡓከ㔞ࡢྡᡤḷ ࡢ㔜ᒙᛶࡢ୰࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸䣎 ᐊ⏫ᮇ௨㝆ࡣᡭᘬ᭩ࢆවࡡࡓ㒊࡞ྡᡤḷ㞟ࡀ㐃࡞ࡾ䣔ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡼ࠺䣍࠶ࡿᅵᆅࡣ䣓ᨾᐇ䣔ࡢᙉᅛ࡞㐃⤖ࡼ䣬࡚ྡᡤḷᅜࠎࡢḷᯖᩘࡶ▱ࡽࡎከࢀ䣍࠾ࡅࡿ㐃ḷᖌࡼࡿྡᡤḷ㞟ࡢ⦅⧩࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡾ䣍ྡᡤ㢟ḷྜࡢὶ⾜䣍ྡᡤ㞟ᡂࡸྡᡤⓒ㤳䣍ḷᯖ◊✲᭩ࡢฟ⌧䣍ᐊ⏫ᮇࡋ࡚⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡣ䣍ࡢᆅྡࡀᖹᏳᚋᮇḷᯖࡋ࡚ᅛᐃࡉࢀ䣍ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇࢆ⌮ࡋࡓ䣔࠶ࡿ䣎ࡢࡶࡘᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚䣍ḷ䣔 ḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧ⨾ព㆑ࡢつ⠊ ࡑࡢḷࡢጼࡋࡓࡀࡦ࡚ャࡴࡁᡤࡢ࠶ࡿ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔䣓㐂ᆏ䣔䣓㐂࠺䣔 ࡢ㡯࡛ࡣ䥹䥺ࡢලయⓗ⏝ἲࡣ䣍ձࡀ㱟⏣ᕝ⣚ⴥ䣍ղࡀྂࡧࡓ㛗ࡢᶫ䣍ճࡀ䥹䥺 ᒊ㢼ḷࡢὶ⾜క࠺ྡᡤᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲ䣓ྡᡤḷࡣ༢ᆅྡࢆ↓సⅭャࡳ㎸ࡴࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ䣍䥹භ䥺ḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࡴሙྜࡢḞⅬࡋ࡚䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓ḷᯖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢྂḷࡢ㐃䣔ࡼ䣬࡚䣓వ⾲⌧ࡸಟ㎡ⓗᕤኵ䣔 䣍ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࡲࡓ䥹୕䥺䥹䥺㛵㐃ࡋ࡚䣍䥹䥺 䣕ⴥ㞟䣖௨᮶ャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓከࡃ䥹ᅄ䥺ᯖモ࣭ᗎモ࣭⦕ㄒ࣭モ➼ࡢಟ㎡ࢆే⏝ࡍࡿ䣎 ࡸࡀ࡚㏆ୡ࠾࠸࡚ྡᡤ◊✲ ࡞⏝ἲ䣍 ୍㤳య㔜ᒙᛶࢆࡶࡓࡏ䣍 ձ≉ᐃࡢᬒ≀⤖ࡧࡘࡃղ≉ᐃࡢ༳㇟ࢆక࠺ճモⓗ వ ྡᡤ 䣓ྡᡤ ྡᡤḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࢇࡔḷࡣ䣍ャࡳᡭࡶ⪺ࡁᡭ䥹ㄞࡳᡭ䥺ࡶ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴㧗ᶫࡣࡌࡵ㢮ࡶࡳ࡞㬞㛗᫂ 䣕↓ྡᢒ䣖 ࡽ 䣓ྡᡤࢆྲྀࡿࡣᨾᐇ࠶ࡾ䣎 ࠸䣬ࡓ⾲⌧ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ࡢពࢆ㐃ࡍࡿ➼ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎
ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺⤖ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ䣎ࡢ㆜႘ḷࢆධࡾཱྀࡋ࡚႘ࡢཎ⌮ࢆḷ⾲⌧㔜ࡡ࡚ࡳࡿࡇࢆࡋ䣍ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍ࡑࡢཎ⌮ࡣ㞄᥋ᛶᣐ䣬࡚࠸ࡿ䣎࠸䣬࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺䣎ሙᡤ࡞ࡿ䣎ᐇ䣔ᆅ䣍ሙᡤ࡞ࡿࡋࡓࡀ䣍㐃⤖ࡣ㞄᥋ゝ࠸࠼࡚ࡶࡼ࠸䣎࠶ࡿሙᡤࡀ䣓ᨾ ࡢ㛫ᙉᅛ࡞㞄᥋ᛶࢆࡶ䣬ࡓࡁ䣍 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⓎࡸ⾲⌧ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ⓗࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ႘ⓗࡍ࠸ഴྥ䣔ࢆ⏕ࡴࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᙧᡂࡢ⇕ពࢆ♧ࡍࡶ䣍ࡑࡢ⇕ពࡇࡑࡀ䥹භ䥺࠸࠺䣓㢮ᆺ㝗ࡾࡸḷᖌࡼ䣬࡚సࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖࡢ䣓ᅛ᭷ࡢ⥴ⓗ࣓䤀ࢪ䣔 ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ䣍 ࣓ࢺࢽ࣑䤀ࡣࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ ࡑࡢሙᡤࡣྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺≉ู࡞ ࡑࡢㄽ
⳥ụࡢゝ࠺ ࠸࠺ᡭἲࡲ࡛ᆅ⥆ࡁࡔ䣬ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 䣓ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ䣔ࡍࡿャ㢼ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸䣬ࡓ䣎࡛࠶ࡾ㞞ࡧࡢつ⠊࡛࠶ࡿḷᯖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ⏕ࡳࡔࡋ䣍ᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ᗎࡢ䣓ぢࡿࡶࡢ⪺ࡃࡶࡢ䣔ࡶྠᵝ࡛䣍ࡑࢀ䣓ࡘࡅ࡚䣔ḷ࠺ࡇࡀⓎࡢࡢᇶᮏᆺ࡛࠶ࡾ䣍᰿ᣐᤣ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ࡞ࡽࡎ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓḷ⾲⌧ࡢⓎ⏕ⓗ࡞ᵝᘧࡣ䣍ࣔࣀ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓḷ⾲⌧ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣ䣍䥹႘䥺 䣓ᐤ≀䣔ࡣ䣓ྂ䣔ࡢᙺࢆᢸ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ྂ௬ྡ 䣔ࡼ䣬࡚ࢃࢀࡿ࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࡢⓎ᥀࡛࠶䣬ࡓ䣎 ࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ 䥹୰␎䥺 䣓ᶒጾ ࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚Ⓨ ࡸࡀ࡚⨾ព㆑ࡢලయീ ⴥࡢᐤ≀㝞ᛮࡣࡲࡉḷ⾲⌧ ႘ࡣ␗⏺ࡢࣔࣀ䣍 ᮏḷྲྀࡾඛ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺䣍 ࡑࡢᶒጾࢆᚰࡢ 䣓ᨾᐇ䣔ࡢᙉᅛ࡞㐃⤖ࡼ䣬࡚ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺≉ู࡞ ḷ⾲⌧ࡢᇶᮏࡣ䣍ḷᏛࡢ℃ṳ࡛࠶ࡿ䣕ḷ⤒ᶆᘧ䣖ࡢ᭱ࡶ㈗㔜࡞ᡂᯝࡣ䣍 ௨㝆ࡢḷᏛࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺䣍 䣓᪂ព䣔ࡀ䣓ྂ ᶒጾ࠶ࡿ
䥹㸳䥺
䥹㸲䥺 ⳥ụጾ㞝ࡣ䣕ⴥ㞟䣖
≌ ‣•․≋ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭܖٻᨥ 306
࡚ࡣㅖㄝ࠶ࡿࡀ䣍 ࠺㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡶ␃ពࡋࡓ࠸䣎 ᪥࡛ࡣḷャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓᆅྡࡸྡᡤࢆᣦࡍࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠸࠺Ⓨ⾲ᮇࡢ㝸ࡓࡾࡀ࠶ࡾ䣍ࣟࢪ䤀࡞䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ㍍ࢇࡌࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸䣎ࣞࢺࣜ䣹ࢡ⮬యࡀᖖዓⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ䣍ࡣ࡞࠸䣎ࡴࡋࢁ䣓ே⏕ࡣ᪑࡛࠶ࡿ䣔䣓Ṕྐࡣᕝࡢὶࢀ࡛࠶ࡿ䣔࠸䣬ࡓ䣵ࢸ䣵䤀ࢆே㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡽ᪑ࢆ࣓ࢱࣇ䣴䤀ࡋ࡚ᥥࡃࡇࡣ⌋ࡋࡃࡿ௨๓ḷேࡋ࡚ࡢ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎๎ࡿࡢࡼ࠺ே㐃ࢀ࡛᪑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍࠺ྥࡁྜ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ᮾிࢆ᪑ࡢ㉳Ⅼࡋ࡚⾜ࡁඛࡣす࠸ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ෆᅾࡋࡓᬯ㯲ࡢゎࡸඹ㏻⌮ゎ䣍ࡿᘬ⏝࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ䣎 Ⓩሙே≀ࡀᐇ㝿࠸ࢃࡺࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡸྐ㊧ࢆ⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣍 ࡑࢀࡽࡀᙉᅛ࡞ᵓ㐀ⓗ࣓ࢱࣇ䣴䤀䣍ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸䣎䥹ྠᖺභ᭶䣍ㅮㄯ♫ࡼࡾห⾜ࡢ㐃స▷⦅㞟䣕㐂㨱≀ㄒ䣖ᡤ䥺ࢆᑐ㇟⪃ᐹ ಶேࡢ୍⏕ࡸ୍ᐙ୍᪘ࡢṔྐ䣍ᓥభᏊࡀ༑䥹୍ඵᅄ䥺ᖺࡢ䣕⩌ീ䣖ᅄ᭶ྕⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ䣕པᏊ⋤䣖 ࡇࡢసࡣ⣙༑ᖺ༑୕䥹୍୕ඵ䥺ᖺඵ᭶䣕᪂᪥ᮏ䣖Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ䣕ᮾᾏ㐨༑୕ḟ䣖䣍ὠ ࡲࡓ䣍ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ࡣ㏆௦࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ᙧ࡛௦ࡸ♫ࡢኚࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡢ䣍࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎 ࡇࡢసࡣࡕࡽࡶዪᛶసᐙࡼ䣬࡚᭩ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸᘬࡁḷⓗ࡞ᡭἲࡀᑠㄝࡢ୰࠾࠸࡚ᘬ⏝࠸࠺ ≀ㄒᩥᏛ࠾ࡅࡿᘬࡁḷⓗ࡞ᡭἲࡣᑠㄝ࠾ࡅࡣ㏆௦࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ຠᛶࢆᣢ䣬࡚࠸ࡿࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࢼ ࢹࣥࢸ ゎ㔘ᑐࡋ࡚୧సࡣࡢࡼ 䣕ᮾᾏ㐨୰⭸ᰩẟ䣖 ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࡢࡣ䣍
ḷᯖࡣඖ᮶ࡣྂḷモࡸᬒ≀䣍 ḷ㢟ࢆྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ䣎 ࡑࡢ⏕ᡂࡸኚᐜࡘ࠸ ᮏㄽ⪃࡛ࡣ䣍 ㏆⌧௦ࡢᑠㄝ࠾ࡅࡿࡑࡢᵝ┦ࡘ࠸࡚䣍 ᒸᮏࡢᏊࡀ
䥹㸯䥺 ࡲࡓ䣍ࡢᏊࡣᑠㄝᐙ࡞
䥹୕䥺 ᅵᆅࡀࡶࡘ䥹䥺ྡᡤḷᯖᑐࡍࡿ⾲⌧ព㆑ࡢⴌⱆࡣ䣕ⴥ㞟䣖ࡔࡀ䣍ᆺࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ 䣓㞧ከ࡞せ⣲䣔䥹୍䥺ᖹᏳ୰ᮇࡈࢁࡲ࡛ࡣ䣍ḷモ࣭ᯖモ࣭ྡᡤ࣭ḷ㢟࡞ḷャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ䣖ࡢグ㏙ᇶ࡙ࡅࡤ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ᩚ⌮࡛ࡁࡼ࠺䣎ࡼࡾ䣍ᩥⱁⓗ⾲⌧ࢆࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿ䣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ᯖࡋ࡚䣍 ࡀ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 䣓ྂḷࡼ䣬࡚䣔᮶ࡢླྀᬒᛶࢆࡃኻ࠺ࡇࡣ࡞䣬ࡓ䣔ࡿᵓࡢ㢼ᬒ䣔࡞ࡿࡀ䣍ࡋࡋ䣓ḷᯖࡣࡑࢀࡀᆅྡ࡞ࡿࡀᨾ䥹୰␎䥺ᮏ ࡑࡢᆅ⤖ࡧࡅࡽࢀࡓḷⓗෆᐜࢆ≀ㄒୡ⏺㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ 䣓≀ㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ⯙ྎࡋ࡚ࡑࡢሙᡤࢆ♧ࡍᆅྡ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ䣍 䣓ᤞ㇟ࡉࢀ䣔 䣍 ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ䣍 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ䣎ḷࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞リḷほࡢᡤ⏘䣔࠶ࡿ䣎㧗ᶫⰋ㞝ࡣ䣓ḷᯖࡼ䣬࡚ᥥࢀࡿ䣍ḷேࡓࡕࡢᚰ㇟ෆࡢཎ㢼ᬒࡣ䣍 䣕ḷᩥᏛ ࡲࡓ䣍 ᖹᏳᮅᩓᩥᏛ ḷ ࡋ䣍 ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᢳ㇟ᛶල㇟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ḟ ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ㢼ᬒࡣ␗࡞䣬ࡓᵝ┦ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚ⴥ࠾ࡅࡿླྀᬒࡣ㐪䣬ࡓ䣍ࡼࡾᩥⱁⓗ࡞ླྀᬒ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡑࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸㢼ᬒࡼ䣬࡚⨾ࡢ㐀ᙧ࠾ࡅࡿල㇟ᛶࢆศᢸࡍࡿ䣎ࡑࢀࡣࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎ᩥᏛ㢼ᅵࡀ⌧ᐇࢆ㉸࠼࡚⤖ࡤࢀࡓࡇࢁ⌧ࢀࡓḷᯖࡣ䣍ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ䣍ࡑࡢᆅྡࡼ䣬࡚ඹ㏻ᛮ࠸ᾋࡽࢀࡿ୍ࡘࡢ㢼ᬒ 䣓ḷࡢୡ⏺ࡔࡅᏑᅾࡍ
ࡍࡿࡶࡢ䣔࡛࠶ࡿ䣎䣓≉ᐃࡢ༳㇟ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ䣍ࡣ䣕ྂḷ㞟䣖࠾࠸࡚ࡉࢀࡿ䣎ࡓ䣎ྡᡤࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡣᚋᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ䣎ࡿḷㄒࡸ㢟ᮦࡢព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ䣍 ୍ᐃࡢ⾲⌧ᙧᘧࢆࡶ䣬ࡓ㢮ᆺⓗ࡞⨾ព㆑ࢆ᭷ ࡑࢀࡽࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎㄝ᭩ྡࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ ḷࢆャࡴேࡶ䣍ࡑࡢḷࢆாཷࡍࡿேࡶ䣍ḷャࡲࢀࡓྡᡤࡢᐇែࢆ▱
䥹㸰䥺
䥹㸱䥺
˱⅝ஙↄ↷≝ޢஜⅺ↝܇ⅤிෙᢊʞҗɤഏⅥ↗˲܇Ⅴӂ܇ྛⅥ⃬⃬⃬ Ⅰജ்Ⅱႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚↚ 307
ኔᙲ‒ ᇹ ‣‧ ӭ≋․•‣ ≌ Ҿᓸᛯ૨ܖٻᨥ Zushi ᲤᲫKanoko Okamoto ʚŹɟʞ࠰ɟɟஉʚʋଐ ܖٻᨥ Ө↗↙↹Ҿѣםˡ১ⅻ↳ܖӳ↱Ӟχ૨ئ↝Լ↝ࡽဇ↚↷⒡↕⇬⇕⇟⇮⇁ ⒏ജ்⒐↗ⅳⅵᙻࡈ⇁ᚨↀ↺ↂ↗↖⒍ඥ↝ ˺ܖⅻᝅ݈↙Ӟχ૨܇↝૾⒍ཎ ଯԧɟ⅟࠰ˊ↗ⅳⅵᑥⅻࢍ↭↺ɶ↖ႆᘙↄ↻↺ ⅺעˡᛟ⇁ɦⅼ↚ↆ↕⒍ி҅پٽޛ↺૾↧↝⇁ᡫↆ↕੨ⅺ↻↺ி҅↝ഭӪ↗૨҄ⅻ⇬⒲∄↝ɟ↓↚↷⒡↕↷ⅾჷ↸↻↕ⅳע᠉↝⒓ σᡫࣱ⇁ਦઇↆ⒎щ↗↙⒡↕ᡶᘍↆ↕ⅳ↺⒎ጢ↹ɥↁ↕ⅳ↺↷ⅵ↚⒍↗↙⒡↕ⅳ↺⒎↚ئ↺ᢌⅳ↳ܼଈᚇ↝ᢌⅳ⇁ൔ᠋ᎋݑↈ↺ↂ↗↖ኖҞɭኔ᧓↚ဃↇॖᜤ↝ඥ↧↝ॖᜤ↝ⅱ↹૾↚ᢌⅳⅻⅱ↺ↂ↗⇁ᎋݑↆ⒎↭⒍ↈ҄٭ӳ↝φ˳̊⇁ьⅷ↺ኽئ↺Ӫ⇁ನሰↈܖௐ⇁ࢽ⒎ӖܾӪ↗ⅳⅵᚇໜⅺ↸ᡈˊ૨⋨⋨⋨⋨⋨⋨⋨
ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ ʴ⅝ޢஜⅺ↝܇↝⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↞˺ԼӸ↝↭↭↚ிෙᢊ⇁ↈ‒‒ ż
aoSsk Sayo Sasaki ޢஜⅺ↝܇⒓ிෙᢊʞҗɤഏ⒔↗˲܇⒓ӂ܇ྛ⒔⒅⒏ജ்⒐ႎࣱ⇁ᙻࡈ↚⒅ -Analyzed through an ⇁
ଢ ⇁ ‒ ↸ ੨ ‒ Ӹജ் ‒ ⅺ↚ⅺ ⅳ↕ⅳ↺
ȪșȩȫǢ⌴Ȅܖᢿ⍇ ‒ s Fifty-Three Stages on the T ⇓ ↆ ⒔↗⒔
⒯ ‒ ∕ ⒎ ⒎ ଯԧʞ⅟࠰ˊ ɟ૾ ܖ҄⒯ Ӟχ૨ Ӗྸ ‒
⇯ Utamakura
⒍ ‒ ⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩⋩ ˲܇
ᨩࣱ ↗ ‒ ↝
᧙ᡲ ↝ ‒ ↝ Descriptive Epithet Perspective- ⒓
‒ ⒓ ྛ܇ˡᛟ ↳ ӂپٽޛ ⒏ ӂ܇ྛ ‒ ż ജ் kaid ⒔↗⒔ ⒐ ⒔ ‒ ż and Y ⇁ ↖↞ ↞ ‒ ᙻࡈ ⒍ Ʊࢂ ᛟኺڻ
⒍ ‒ ƈ ࡽဇ ko Tsushima ↗ↆ ⒓ ‒ پٽޛ ↕ ↗
⒍ ⅳ ‒ ↝ ⅵ
‒ ⍇ ⒔ s ‒ ‒
ࣥࣝࡶከࡃⓏሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ䣍⪃࠼ࡿࡋ࡚䣍࡚ྡᡤḷᯖࡢᣦࡸᘬࡁḷࡢᣦࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛ࡶࢃࡿ䣎ゎ䣍ཷಙ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ䣍 ྡᡤḷᯖࡸ࠸ࢃࡺࡿྡᡤᪧ㊧ࡣ㏆⌧௦ࡢᑠㄝࡸࡑࡢࡢࢪ䣺 ࡣ㜚தࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ䣍ḷࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠࡌࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡼ࠺䣎ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ䣎ᑐᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ䣍ࡇࡣ䣍 ║๓ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࡵࡄ䣬࡚ࡢᬯ㯲ࡢ⌮ࡶ≉ᐃࡢࣝ䤀ࣝ๎䣬࡚㐀ࡉࢀཷᐜࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺๓ᥦࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ䣎 ྡᡤḷᯖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ᙧᘧࡸ⨾ព㆑ ࠶ࡿሙᡤࡀྡᡤḷᯖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡣඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᏑᅾࡀ⤯⌧ព㆑⨾ព㆑ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ⮳䣬ࡓࡇࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸䣎 ࡑࢀࡣḷ㞟ࡸ≀ㄒࡢὀ㔘᭩ࡢᩘࠎ࠾࠸≉ᐃࡢሙᡤࡀ≉ู࡞ពࢆᢸ䣬࡚ᩥᏛⓗ⥅ᢎࢆ㔜ࡡࡓ⤖ᯝ䣍ᩥᏛ࠾ࡅࡿྡᡤḷᯖࡣ䣍ࡣ䣍 ≉Ṧ࡞⥅ᢎࡢࡉࢀ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚ᩥⓗࡁ࡞ពࢆᣢࡘሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ䣎 ඛ⾜ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ⌮ゎ࡞ࡋࡣ║๓ࡢ ḷ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ≀ㄒࡢⓎಙ⪅ ≀ㄒᩥᏛ࠾࠸࡚ᘬࡁ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙᡤࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺䣎 ࡇࡢ ࡑࢀࡣ⊂⮬࡞⾲ ḷ ‒ ྡᡤḷᯖࡸ≀ㄒᩥᏛ࠾ࡅࡿᘬࡁḷࢆࢸࢡࢫࢺ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡽྡᡤḷᯖࢆャࡳ㎸ࢇࡔḷࡣ䣍࠶ࡿᅵᆅࢆ࠶ࡿ≉ู࡞ពࢆࡶࡘሙᡤࡋ࡚ព࡙ࡅࡓグ᠈ࡑࡢグ㘓 ャࡳᡭ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⪺ࡁᡭ 䥹ㄞࡳᡭ䥺 ࠾࠸࡚ ‒ ‒ ୍
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ˱⅝ங
‒
ↄ↷ ‒ ͤ㸯
‒ 308
ᩍ⫱◊✲ᴗ⦼୍ぴ䚷䠘㻞㻜㻝㻡ᖺ㻝᭶䡚㻝㻞᭶䠚 >ᩍᤵ@ ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪 ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪 㣤᳃㇏Ỉ
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グ ࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ホㄽ ࠕ&'ࡢ⋢ᡭ⟽ࠉ᪂㆕ど⫈グࠖ㸪ࠗྂᴦሗㄅࠉࣥࢺࣞ࠘㸪ྕ㸪S㸪
ࠕ≉㞟ࠉ᭱ᬌᖺࡢసရ⫈ࡃస᭤ᐙࡢࠗᚰ࣮࠘ࣚࢮࣇ࣭ࣁࢻࣥࠖ㸪ࠗ㡢ᴦ⌧௦࠘㸪 ホㄽ ᕳྕ㸪S㸪
ࠕస᭤ᐙࡓࡕࡢࠗᩍ⛉᭩࣮࠘̿࢘ࣥྂὴ௦ࡢస᭤ಟᴗ̿ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ ㅮᗙ ᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪࣭࣭ 㸦ᅇ㸧
ࠕࣁࢻࣥࡢ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࣥࢻࣥࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪࣭ ㅮᗙ ࣭ ᅇ㸧
ᗂᑠ୰㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢᏊࡶࢆࡶࡘぶࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕᏊࡶࢆᖾࡏࡍࡿᏊ⫱࡚ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ ▼⏣ಟ୍ ㅮᗙ 㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕỈ⣲࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᕷẸ⏕άཬࡧᇶ♏⛉Ꮫࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ஂಖ⏣ᐇ ㅮᗙ
ࠕዪᛶࡢⓏ⏝ᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡢணഛⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏ⤒Ⴀ⌮Ꮫ ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ㄅ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪
ࠕዪᛶᙺဨࡢⓏ⏝ᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࠖ㸪␗ᩥ⤒ႠᏛᖺ➨㸯ᅇ◊✲㸪❧ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ṇᏛ࣭ရᕝ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕᙺဨᵓᡂࡢከᵝᰴ౯ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡢணഛⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⤒Ⴀ⌮Ꮫ ᑠụ⿱Ꮚ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ➨ᅇ◊✲Ⓨ⾲㸪ᣅṪᏛ࣭ᩥி࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕ⤒῭Ꮫ㸸య㦂ㅮ⩏㹼733ཧຍࡢ㠀ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿ㹼㸦᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ␃Ꮫ ㅮ₇ ⏕ྥࡅࡢฟᙇᤵᴗ㸧ࠖ㸪ࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣅࢪࢿࢫ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏ ࠕ࣋ࣀ࣑ࢡࢫࡢ㸰ᖺ༙ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹࡼࡿࢿࢵࢺ㑅ᣲࡢ◊✲ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏሗ⤒ႠᏛㄅ࠘㸪1R㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 9RO㸪SS㸪 ⸨ᑑᶞ “THE CURRENT STATE OF E-BOOKS AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES OF JAPAN”, ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 Issues in Information Systems, Volume 16, Issue IV, pp. 48-57, Oct. 2015㸬 309 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹࡼࡿࢿࢵࢺ㑅ᣲࡢ◊✲ؐ➨ᅇ⾗㆟㝔⥲㑅ᣲࡢศᯒؐࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ሗ⤒ႠᏛ➨㸵㸮ᅇᅜ㸪᫂ᾏᏛ㸪༓ⴥ┴㸪
⸨ᑑᶞ “THE CURRENT STATE OF E-BOOKS AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES OF JAPAN”, ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ International Association for Computer Information Systems 2015, St. Petersburg Marriott Clearwater, FL. USA, 10th Oct. 2015㸬
ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᪥ᮏே̿ぶᖾᜥᏊᏕ⾜ᜥᏊࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 బࠎᮌࡉࡼ ㅮᗙ
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡑࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 㸪
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑㛫ⓗᒎᮃࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 SS㸪 ᰘཎᐅᖾ
ࠕ୰㧗ᖺዪᛶࡼࡿᆅᇦᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲㸸⌧ᅾࡢᏊ⫱࡚ᑐࡍࡿ㐪ឤࡘ࠸ ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦ඹ㸧 ࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿព㆑㛵㐃せᅉ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ㸧 㸪ᮾிᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
Oblation, Non-conception, and Body: Systems of Psychosomatic Fire Oblation in Esoteric Buddhism in Medieval South Asia. Homa Variations: The Study of Ritual ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 Change across the Longue durée 㸪 (Edited by Richard K. Payne and Michael Witzel), Oxford University Press, pp. 167-213, November 20, 2015.
ģDPYDUD Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Vol. 1 (Edited by Jonathan A. Silk and ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 Oskar Von Hinüber), Brill, pp. 360-366, October 21, 2015.
ᮡᮌᜏᙪ ࠕᣢ㔠๛ࡢᩍᅋ̿̿␗➃ṇ⤫ࡀ㘒ࡍࡿࣥࢻࡢᩍ̿̿ࠖ㸪ࠗషᩍᩥᏥ࠘㸪ྕ ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 㸦ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠕᮾす᐀ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿࠑ␗➃ࠒࠖ㸧SS㸪
ࠕึᮇ୰ୡᮇࣥࢻᐦᩍ࠾ࡅࡿ፹⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᏊ౪ࠖ㸪᐀ᩍྐ◊✲㸪ᮾὒⱥዪᏛ㝔 ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ ༢㸧 Ꮫ㝔㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕ✵ࢆ▱ࡿ̿❳ᶞࡀㄝ࠸ࡓᩍࡢ┿⌮̿ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ 㸰ᅇ㸧
ࠕᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖ ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑ࡑࡢ㛵㐃せᅉࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 㸪
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂព㆑㛫ⓗᒎᮃࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 SS㸪 ᑎᮏጁᏊ ࠕ୰㧗ᖺዪᛶࡼࡿᆅᇦᏊ⫱࡚ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲㸸⌧ᅾࡢᏊ⫱࡚ᑐࡍࡿ㐪ឤࡘ ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦ඹ㸧 ࠸࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿព㆑㛵㐃せᅉ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ 㸪ᮾிᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕḟୡ௦⫱ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ホ౯㸸1&$67ᩍᮦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓணഛⓗヨࡳ࣏ࠖࢫ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ⥲㸪ᮒ㮛࣓ࢵࢭ㸦᪂₲Ꮫ㸧㸪᪂₲┴㸪 310 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ "Early separation to promote relationship of mother with postpartum depression and baby with feeding disorder", Poster presentation, Zero to Three 30th National ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ Training Institute, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, ᑎᮏጁᏊ December 2-4, 2015.
ㅮ⩦ ࠕ-1&$)6ㅮ⩦ࠖ㸪ஙᗂඣಖᏛ㸪ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉Ꮫ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕᮾすᩥὶ㸸ᾋୡ⤮ࣇࣛࣥࢫࠖ㸪㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࠺ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧᒇࠖ㸪 ㅮ₇ ᪥ᮏ⏕᯽ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ཎ⏣ࠉ᧯ ࠕࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㹼ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒᅪసᐙࡓࡕ㹼ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ㅮᗙ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕᖹᏳᮅࡢ௬ྡࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕࠖ㸪Ꮫᰯἲே୰ᒣᏛᅬ㸪୰ᒣᏛᅬ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㐍Ꮫㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ㸦⯪ ㅮᗙ ᶫ㸧㸪
᭹㒊୍ᯞ ࠕ⣸ᘧ㒊ࡢཷࡅࡓᩍ⫱ࠖ㸪᯽ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ᯽ᕷᏛ㐃ᦠㅮᗙ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ㸪༓ⴥ ㅮᗙ ᯽㸧㸪
ㅮᗙ ࠕᖹᏳ㈗᪘ࡢዪᏊᩍ⫱ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕ▮㔝⨾ἋᏊⴭࠗྂ⌰⌫ᮇ㤳㔛⋤ᗓࡢ◊✲࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏྐᨳ✲࠘㸪➨ ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᭩ホ
ࠕᬺ㛵ࡍࡿ⣲ᮔ࡞ၥ⟅࠼ࡿࠖ㸪୍⯡♫ᅋἲே᪥ᮏ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ᬺᩥ⯆༠㸪ᮾி ㅮ₇➼ ༢㸧 Ꮫᘺ⏕ㅮᇽ୍᮲࣮࣍ࣝ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ࠉᯇྜྷࠉࠉ ࠕ㬞ᕝࡢ᮲୰ᓥ㇏⮧⚽ྜྷࠖ㸪᪩✄⏣Ꮫᩍ⫱⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸪᪩✄⏣Ꮫྕ㤋ᩍ ㅮ₇➼ ༢㸧 ᐊ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕ୰ୡ♫࠾ࡅࡿ࿚ミゅ୕ᮏࡢ㨣㸦ᅗീࢆㄞࡴ㸧ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ㅮᗙ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕᑗ᮶ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡼ࠺ࠖ㸪㹉㹒㹁୰ኸᏛ㝔ཌᮌ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸪⚄ዉᕝ ㅮ₇ ┴㸪
ࠕ⮬ᚊⓗ⤌⧊ኚ㠉ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠉ㹼⤌⧊㢼ᅵ࣭య㉁ኚ㠉ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ㹼ࠖ㸪ᕞ ㅮ⩦ ࢪ⤒Ⴀሿ .$,/ 㸪⚟ᒸᕷ㸪
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡼࡿࣅࢪࣙࣥࡢᐇ⌧ேᮦ⫱ᡂࠖ㸪ྎᮾ༊ᗂඣᩍ⫱ᅬ㛗◊ಟ㸪ྎ ᐑධᑠኪᏊ ㅮ⩦ ᮾ༊ᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡀ࠾ᐈᵝఏࢃࡿ⫋ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ㸪ᶓᕷ㏻ᒁ༠ຊ⫋ဨ◊ ㅮ⩦ ಟ㸪ᶓᕷ㸪
ㅮ⩦ ࠕ㹈㹐ᮾ᪥ᮏࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ♫Ᏻᩥᵓ⠏◊ಟࠖ㸪᪂₲ᕷ㸪࣭
ࠕୡ⣖ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿࣝࣞࢵ࣮࢟ࣀࡢኚᐜ̿సࡢࣃࣥࢺ࣐࣒ࠗࣁ࣮ࣞࢡ࣭ࣥ ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࢻࢡࢱ࣮࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱࢫ࠘ࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚̿ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫⱁ⾡ࣇྀ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ᭩ ୡ⣖࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠾ࡅࡿࣝࣞࢵ࣮࢟ࣀࡢኚᐜ࠘㸪SS㸪
ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࣮ࣔࣥࢻ㸪ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣜࢵࢳస㸪ࠕసࡢྡ㧗࠸ࣃࣥࢺ࣐࣒ࠗࣁ࣮ࣞࢡ࣭ࣥ ⩻ヂ㸦༢㸧 ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱࢫ༤ኈ࠘ࡢṇ☜࡞ླྀ㏙ⓗᥥ㺁㸪ᩥᏛྠேㄅࠗ㣕⩧࠘ྕ㸪SS 㸪 Ᏻ⏣ẚ࿅ᚿ
ࠕࠗࣁ࣒ࣞࢵࢺ࠘ࡢㅦ㨩ຊࠖ㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࠺ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧᒇࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⏕᯽ ㅮ₇ ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕࢩ࢙ࢡࢫࣆࡢࠗࣜ⋤࠘ࡢ㠃ⓑࡉࠖ㸪㹌㹎㹍ἲேࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࠺ࡘࠕࡲ࡞ࡧ ㅮ₇ ᒇࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⏕᯽ᨭᗑࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࣮࣒ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧 311 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
ᰗἑᏕᏊ ᭩ホ ࠕబ୍㯏ⴭࠗ✵ࡳࡎ࠺ࡳ࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᮾி᪂⪺࠘㸪
>ᩍᤵ@
ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࠕཎᩥ࡛ㄞࡴࢻࢶᩥᏛ㸸ࢤ࣮ࢸࠗⱝࡁ࢙࢘ࣝࢸࣝࡢᝎࡳ࠘ㅮㄞࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮ 㜿㒊㞝୍ ㅮᗙ ᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪࣭ ࣭ ࣭㸦ᅇ㸧
ࠕிᏛᅜ㝿₎Ꮫᐙ◊✲ᇶᆅദࡢᅜ㝿₎Ꮫ⪅㆟ཧຍࡋ࡚ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖ ࡑࡢ㸦༢㸧 せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
୕ᯞ⚽Ꮚ ㅮ₇ ࠕ൲ᩍࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸪᯽ᩥ㈈ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ㸪᯽ᕷᩍ⫱⚟♴㤋㸪༓ⴥ㸦᯽㸧㸪
ࠕ၈Ώࡗࡓ㜿ಸ௰㯞࿅㹼㜿ಸ௰㯞࿅ࡣ၈࡛ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ㸽㹼ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤 ㅮᗙ ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡼࡿᏛ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛ⏕∧ඖẼᅇ⾜ືࣉࣛࣥ &DPSXVZHOOQHVV5HFRYHU\ బஂ㛫♸Ꮚ ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧 $FWLRQ3ODQ &:5$3 ᐇሗ࿌ࠖ㸪బஂ㛫♸Ꮚ࣭ྥభ㍜㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕⱝࡉᗣࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡍ㸟㹼࣑ࢽࢸࢽࢫ㹼ࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿 㧘ᶫ᪩ⱑ ㅮᗙ Ꮫయ⫱㤋㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪⥅⥆⪅ྥࡅ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭㸦ᅇ㸧㸪ึᚰ⪅ ྥࡅ࣭㸦ᅇ㸧
ࠗ♫⚟♴ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ ᶒ᧦ㆤᡂᖺᚋぢไᗘ㹙➨㸱∧㹛㸫ᶒ᧦ㆤᡂᖺᚋぢ࣭Ẹἲ ⥲ㄽ࠘㸪⚟⏣ᖾኵ࣭᳃㛗⚽⦅㸦⚟⏣ᖾኵ㺃᳃㛗⚽㺃⾰➟ⴥᏊ㺃ᕸ᠇Ꮚ㺃⠛ᮌ₩㺃⚟ᒣⰋᘯ࣭ ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 Ⳣ㔝ᫀྐ࣭ᒣཱྀ༓ᜨ࣭Ọ⏣ၨ㐀࣭⏣ཎ㇏࣭℧ᕝಟ࿃㸧㸪ࠕ⏝ㄒ㞟ࠖ㸪ᘯᩥᇽ㸪SS ࠊ
ࠗἲᏛධ㛛࠘㸪᳃㛗⚽⦅㸦Ᏹᒣ㺃ⲡ㮵୍㺃⾰➟ⴥᏊ㺃᳃㛗⚽㺃᳃⏣㝯ኵ㺃ᖹ㔝⨾⣖㺃℧ᕝ ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 ಟ࿃㺃ᕝᮧᓅே㺃ᯇᮧḷᏊ㸧㸪ࠕ➨ ❶⾜ᨻἲࠖ㸪ග⏕㤋㸪SS
℧ᕝಟ࿃ ࠕᖺᏛ⏺ᒎᮃ㸭ᨻྐ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᨻᏛ⦅ࠗᖺሗᨻᏛ㸫ϩ௦⾲⤫ ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦༢㸧 ྜࡢᨻኚᐜ࠘㸪ϩ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ࡢᚁ㡑ㄽ㹼ྜྷ⏣ᯇ㝜ࡢᛮࡢᑐẚ࡛ㄞࡳゎࡃࠖ㸪132ἲேᨻ⟇࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥ ◊✲Ⓨ⾲㸦༢㸧 ࢺ◊✲ᡤ㸪᪥ᮏᏛἲᏛ㒊ྕ㤋㝵㆟ᐊ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ฟ∧ዡບ㔠 ࠗᚁ㡑ㄽࡢⓏሙ࠘㸪Ḉ㛛᭩ᡣ㸪ᖺ㸪132ἲேᨻ⟇࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲ᡤ㸪
ࠕ5DVSEHUU\3Lࢆ࢙࢘ࣈ࣭࣓࢝ࣛࡍࡿࠖ㸪ሗฎ⌮Ꮫࠗኟࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢ࣭ࢩࣥ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ࣏ࢪ࣒࢘㸦ᖺ㸧࠘㸪Ỉ᫂㤋㸪ᒱ㜧┴㸪
⏣୰㑻 ࠕ㰓ㄯ͆ࢩ࣮ࣙࢺࢩ࣮ࣙࢺࡢ⚄ᵝ͇ᫍ᪂୍ࢆㄒࡿࠖ㸪ᖹᡂᖺᗘ᯽ᕷ❧ᅗ᭩㤋࣭ᕷෆ ㅮ₇ Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋ྜྠ⏬㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫࡇࡶࢀࡧ࣮࣍ࣝ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕ6:$3ࡼࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ㞀ᐖࡢ⌮ゎ㸸'60,9,,㍈ࡢ┦㐪᪥ᮏࡢᚰ⌮⮫ᗋ ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦༢㸧 ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 㫽㉺῟୍ ࠕ6:$3ࡼࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ㞀ᐖࡢ⌮ゎ⒪㐣⛬ࡢ᳨ウࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ἲࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ➨ᅇ㸪⏥༡Ꮫ㸪රᗜ┴㸪 312 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࠕᩍ⫱◊ಟࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸸ࣅࢹ࢜グ㘓ࡼࡿ⒪㠃᥋ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ⢭⚄ศᯒᏛ➨ᅇ㸪ᖥ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ᙇ࣓ࢵࢭᅜ㝿㆟ሙ㸪༓ⴥ┴㸪
ࠕ◊✲ࠖ㸪⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪ᕷࣨ㇂࢝ࣥࣇࣞࣥࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 ㅮᗙ 㫽㉺῟୍
ࠕ⤫ྜኻㄪࠖ㸪⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪ᕷࣨ㇂࢝ࣥࣇࣞࣥࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᮾி ㅮᗙ 㒔㸪
ㅮᗙ ࠕ)ࠖ㸪ᮾி⢭⚄⒪ἲ◊✲㸪㟷ᒣ㇂࣓ࢹ࢝ࣝࢡࣜࢽࢵࢡ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕApplied Sociolinguistics: Bilingualism as a Tool for ExpressionࠉThe Ryukyu Ryuka ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸦༢㸧 Renaissance – A Poetic Commentaryࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᶫᏛ㤋Ꮫࠗ⣖せ࠘㸪➨14ྕ㸪pp.87- 106㸪2015.2.
ࠕࡃࡋࡢ᪥ࠉ⨾ࡽጼ⤖࠸㐟ࡧࠖࠉ㸦㏻ヂ࣭Ἀ⦖ゝㄒᩥゎㄝࠊグ㘓ࣅࢹ࢜ᙳཷࢆᢸ ཪྜྷᘯ㑣 ㅮᗙ ᙜ㸧ࠊἈ⦖┴❧༤≀㤋ࠉἈ⦖ࠊ
ࠕẚ㍑ᩥᆅᇦゝㄒ㸸ᇶ♏Ἀ⦖ㄒࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ࣭ ㅮᗙ ࣭ ࣭࣭㸦ᅇ㸧
“Motivating factors in bridging English communication and international ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧 understanding”㸪 Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin 㸪 No.14㸪 pp. 107-119, Elizabeth 2015.2. Lange Promoting Global Communication through English 㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ㅮᗙ㸦ඹ㸧 (᯽㸧㸪2015.11.6࣭13࣭20.(3ᅇ㸧
>ㅮᖌ@ ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࠕ⮬ᕫᑐࡍࡿ㢧ᅾⓗឤ₯ᅾⓗឤ㸸ᗣ≧ែᐊ ࡢ㛵ಀࡽࠖ᪥ᮏ♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ➨ᅇᮾிዪᏊᏛᮾி ⳥ᓥṇᾈ
ㅮᗙ ࠕࠗぢࡿ࠘ࡇࡢᛮ㆟ࠖ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ༓ⴥ ᯽㸧
“Inward Foreign Entry of Banks into Russia’s Banking Sector,” Journal of ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 Comparative Economic Studies, ɊSS㸪March 2015.
Practice of Administration of Trade Remedies in Japan: the Case of Countervailing Duties, Proceedings of the International conference on "Evolution of the world trade ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 system: problems and development prospects, " Sankt-Petesburg State University, pp. 305-311㸪29-30 October 2015, (In Russian)
Japan’s Special Tariff System: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, Mirovaya ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 Ekinomika I Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International Victor Relations @ɊSS ,Q5XVVLDQ Gorshkov
“Motivating factors in bridging English communication and international ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦ඹ㸧 understanding,” Nihonbashi Gakkan University Bulletin , No.14, pp. 107-119, 2015.2.
ኟ┠ၨⴭࠗୡ⣖ࡢ,&7ከᅜ⡠ᴗ࠘㸪ẚ㍑⤒῭యไ◊✲㸪➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪 ᭩ホ
“Japanese Banks' Foreign Expansion: The Case of Russia,” ICCEES IX World Ꮫࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒ࣗ࢘ Congress , Makuhari, Japan, 2015.8.3-7. 313 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
“Motives of inward banking FDI and the role of institutional environment in Russia,” International conference on “Sustainability of the Russian economy: between modernization and crisis” 㸦ᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࣇࣞࣥࢫࠗࣟࢩ⤒῭ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟㸫༴ᶵ㏆௦ ◊✲ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒ࣗ࢘ ࡢ㛫࠘ദ㸸2014ᖺᗘி㒔Ꮫ⤒῭◊✲ᡤࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺㄢ㢟㸦ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ༴ᶵ௨ᚋ ࡢඛ㐍ᅜ࣭᪂⯆ᅜࡢ⤒῭ไᗘኚᨻ⟇ࡢẚ㍑ศᯒ㸫༴ᶵ⌧㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢᥦゝྥࡅ ࡚ࠖ㸧◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ඹദ㸸ẚ㍑⤒῭యไ◊✲㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬༤ኈㄢ⛬ᩍ⫱࣮ࣜࢹࣥࢢࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠕி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔ᛮಟ㤋ࠖ㸪ி㒔㸪2015.3.67.
'Trade policy and utilization of trade remedies: the experience of Japan,'' 㜰ᕷ❧Ꮫ ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ ඹ㸧 ⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲⛉➨3ᅇࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪㜰㸪2015.11.17.
ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ㖟⾜ࡢࣟࢩ㐍ฟࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪 ㅮᗙ
Victor Promoting Global Communication through English㸪 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ㅮᗙ㸦ඹ㸧 Gorshkov (᯽㸧㸪2015.11.6࣭13࣭20.㸦3ᅇ㸧
≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀάືἲேࠕࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᩥᏛ⾡༠ࠖദࡢ➨ᅇࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᅜ㝿୰Ꮫ⏕࢟ࣕ ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉᐇ ࣥࣉ࡚ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㣗⣊ၥ㢟ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆᐇ㸪㛵すᩥᏛ⾡◊ ✲㒔ᕷ㸪
≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀάືἲேࠕࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᩥᏛ⾡༠ࠖദࡢ➨ᅇࡅ࠸ࡣࢇ࡞ᅜ㝿୰Ꮫ⏕࢟ࣕ ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉᐇ ࣥࣉ࡚ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭࢚ࣝࢿࣝࢠ࣮ၥ㢟ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆᐇ㸪㛵すᩥ Ꮫ⾡◊✲㒔ᕷ㸪
ࠗ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢどⅬࡽࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠘㸦Globalization and Business㸧㸪 Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏ 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫయ㦂ㅮ⩏㸪༓ⴥ(᯽㸧㸪2015.6.14.
FUN MOOC (France Universite Numerique, Massive Open Online Courses)“ Politics and Economics of InternationalࠉEnergy”㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢFUN MOOCࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥㅮᗙ ㈨᱁ྲྀᚓ ࠗ“ Politics and Economics of International Energy” (ୡ⏺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᨻ⤒῭Ꮫ) 2015ᖺ1᭶㹼3᭶㸪ಟド᫂᭩.
ࠕປാⱥ㞝ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡍ࠸࠺ࡇ̿̿ࣥࢪ࢙࣭࣡ࢲ┘╩ࠗ⌮▼ࡢ⏨࠘ࢆ୰ᚰ ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠖ㸪ࠗࢫࣦࣛᏛㄽ㞟࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 Ⳣཎࠉὒ ࠕ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᫎ⏬ࡢㄏᝨ̿̿ᫎ⏬࡛ᏛࡪᡓᚋᮾḢྐࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ㅮᗙ ᯽㸧㸪㸦ᅇ㸧
ࠕ⏘ᴗಖάືࡋ࡚ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗᨭࡘ࠸࡚̺༢ᅇ᮶ㄯ⪅ࡢᑐᛂࡽࡢ⪃ᐹ̺ࠖ㸪ࠗ ሗ࿌࣭㈨ᩱ㸦༢㸧 ᛂಖ◊✲࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᏛ⏕ࡼࡿᏛᰯᨭ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ⤒㦂⪅ࡢᅔ㞴ឤࡢኚࡢ᳨ウ࣏ࠖࢫࢱ࣮㸪᪥ᮏⓎ㐩 ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ᅇ㸪ఀ⸨ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ᮾிᏛ㸧㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ᖹஂỤ⸅ "The change of volunteer students and users: Evaluations of volunteering program in elementary school in Japan", Poster Session, InPACT2015 (International ᏛⓎ⾲㸦ඹ Psychological Applications Conference and Trends), Hotel Slon, Ljubljana, May 4, 2015.
ࠕ࣐ࣥࢻࣇࣝࢿࢫ㹼ྂࡃ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫࢺࣞࢫᑐฎἲࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ㅮᗙ ᯽㸧㸪 ࣭ 㸰ᅇ㸧
ࠗ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ࠘㸪ᆏ⏣௮⦅ⴭ㸪ࠕⓏᰯᑵᏛ⩏ົࠖ㸪Ꮫ ⴭ᭩㸦ඹ㸧 ฟ∧㸪SS㸪
ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࠾ࡅࡿ⫈ྲྀᏛฎศࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ࠕ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ㸸ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᠬᡄయ⨩ࠖ㸪ࠗࣉࣜࣥࢩࣃࣝ࠘㸪➨ ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᒣ⏣▱௦ ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧
ㄽᩥ㸦༢㸧 ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬እάື㸸㒊άືࠖ㸪ࠗࣉࣜࣥࢩࣃࣝ࠘㸪➨ ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᩍ⫱ጤဨ㐃ᦠࡋࡓ,&7ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ๓◊ಟే⏝ᆺ⌧⫋◊ಟࡢヨࡳࠖ㸪ࠗࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝ ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ◊✲࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪 314 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼ ࠕ㞀ᐖࢆ⌮⏤ࡋࡓ≉ู࡞ᨭࢆᚲせࡍࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯᨾᑐࡍࡿᰯ㛗ࡢㄆ㆑㸫 ㄽᩥ㸦ඹ㸧 Ꮫᰯ⤒Ⴀ࠾ࡅࡿ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ᐤࡏ࡚㸫ࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖺሗ࠘㸪 ➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪
ࠕᏳᙪᛅᙪࠗࠕࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣭࣮࣋ࢫࠖࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᤵᴗ࡙ࡃࡾ㸫ே᱁ᙧᡂࢆぢࡍ࠼ࡓ⬟ຊ ᭩ホ ⫱ᡂࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕ㈅ሯⱱᶞࠗ㐨ᚨࡢᩍ⛉㸫ࠕᡓᚋ༑ᖺࠖࡢᑐ❧ࢆ㉸࠼࡚㸫࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯົ࠘㸪➨ ᭩ホ ᕳ➨ ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕ᯽ዪ㟋ᓠࠗᏊࡶ࣭Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭไᗘࢆㄞࡳゎࡃ㸫ࡑࡢయീᚋࡢㄢ㢟࠘ࠖ㸪ࠗᏛᰯ ᭩ホ ົ࠘㸪➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸪SS 㸪
ࠕ≉ูᨭᩍ⫱ࡢ᥎㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ➼ࡢᨵṇ㸫≉Ṧᩍ⫱ࡽ≉ูᨭᩍ⫱㸫ࠖ㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ ྕ㸪SS 㸪
ࠕᏛᰯಖἲࡢᨵṇ㸫ᏛᰯಖἲࡽᏛᰯಖᏳἲ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗ ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵ㜵Ṇᑐ⟇᥎㐍ἲࡢไᐃࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪 ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 SS㸪
ࠕඣ❺ᚅ㜵Ṇἲࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 㸪
ࠕᅵ᭙ᤵᴗࡢᐇಀࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ⾜つ๎ࡢᨵṇ㸭ᩍ⛉᭩↓ൾᥐ⨨ἲࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣ ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᑵᏛᡭ⥆ࡁ㛵ࡍࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ⾜௧ࡢᨵṇ㸭᪥ᮏㄒᣦᑟ㛵ࡍࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ⾜つ๎ ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ࡢᨵṇࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᏛᰯホ౯㸫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪 ᒣ⏣▱௦ ࠕ㐨ᚨࡢᩍ⛉㸫ࠕ≉ูࡢᩍ⛉ࠉ㐨ᚨࠖᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋ ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕయ⨩⚗Ṇࡢࠕᚭᗏࠖ㸫㜰ᕷ❧㧗➼Ꮫᰯయ⨩⮬ẅ௳ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱ ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ಟ࠘㸪➨ ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕ⩏ົᩍ⫱Ꮫᰯࡢタ㸫ᖺᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲࡢᨵṇ㸫ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪ูࠗᩍ⫋◊ ࡑࡢ㸦ゎㄝㄽᩥ㸧 ಟ࠘㸪➨ྕ㸪SS㸪
ࠕᩍဨࡢカ࿌ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 Ꮫᰯࡀၥࢃࢀࡿ㸫ᩍ⫱ุࡽࡢᩍカࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࠕ᪂௵ᩍဨ᮲௳㝃᥇⏝ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࠕ㐍㊰ᣦᑟ㸦ᣦᐃᰯ᥎⸀㸧ࡢ࣑ࢫ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ ࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 ࣭
ࠕศ㝈ฎศ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࠕᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫⫋ဨ㆟ࡢἲⓗ⨨ࡅ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࠕබ❧Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢ㈺ൾ㈐௵ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪 315 ᩍဨྡ ✀ู ◊✲ᴗ⦼
ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢᠬᡄฎศ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢ㐺ษ࡞㛵ಀ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵࡢᐃ⩏ ࡑࡢ㸦ᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⣬㸧 ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ௦㸫ಙ㢗ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ᆏ⏣௮࣭ᒣ⏣▱௦㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱᪂⪺㸪
ࠕᆅ᪉බඹᅋయ࠾ࡅࡿ࠸ࡌࡵࡢ㜵Ṇ➼ࡢᑐ⟇ᩍᖌࡢ⨨ࡅࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᩍᖌᏛᏛ㸪᪥ ᏛⓎ⾲㸦༢ ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕ㒊άື୰ࡢᨾ㢳ၥᩍဨࡢἲⓗ㈐௵ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫᏛᐃ◊ ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ ༢㸧 ✲㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ᒣ⏣▱௦ ࠕ㒊άື㢳ၥࡀᢪ࠼ࡿἲⓗ㈐௵ࠖ㸪᫂Ꮫ᫂㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࠕኟᮇᩍဨ◊ಟࠖ㸪 ㅮ₇ ᫂Ꮫ᫂㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ࠕࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ㸫ἲつᇶ࡙ࡃᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࠕᖹᡂ ㅮ₇ ᖺᗘ㒊Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᴗࠉᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡿࠊඛ⏕Ꮫᰯࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢵࣉㅮᗙ 㸦ᖿᩍㅍ◊ಟ㸧ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᙺᡤ㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴㸪
ࠕࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ㸫ἲつᇶ࡙ࡃᏛᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸫ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࠕᖹᡂ ㅮ₇ ᖺᗘ㒊Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᴗࠉᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡿࠊඛ⏕Ꮫᰯࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢵࣉㅮᗙ 㸦ᰯ㛗◊ಟ㸧ࠖ㸪ᶓᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᙺᡤ㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴㸪
ࠕ͆ࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫ͇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㸫Ꮫᰯᨾ㸪య⨩㸪࠸ࡌࡵၥ㢟ࢆ୰ᚰ ㅮ₇ 㸫ࠖ㸪ᑠ㔠ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࠕᩍ⫱ἲつ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏◊ಟࠖ㸪ᑠ㔠ᕷᕷẸ㤋ⴌ࠼ᮌ࣮࣍ ࣝ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪
ㅮᗙ ࠕᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢືྥࠖ㸪㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫබ㛤ㅮᗙ㸪༓ⴥ ᯽㸧㸪
ࠕ࡛Ꮫࡪࠊ࠸ࡌࡵࠊయ⨩ࠊᏛᰯᨾࠖ㸪ᩍဨචチ≧᭦᪂ㅮ⩦㸦ᢸᙜㅮ⩦ࠕᩍ⛉ᣦᑟ࣭ ㅮᗙ ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࡑࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯ࠖ㸦㑅ᢥ㡿ᇦ㸧㸧㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸪ᮾி㒔㸪 㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫ⣖せ ᢞ✏つ๎ 㸬ᮏㄅࡣᩍ⫱㺃◊✲㛵ࡍࡿࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࠊࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࠊࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖࠊࠕ⩻ヂࠖࠊࠕ᭩ホࠖ➼ࢆ ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ 㸬ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ➼ࡣᮍබหࡢࡶࡢ㝈ࡿࠋ 㸬ᢞ✏ࡢ㈨᱁ࡣཎ๎ࡋ࡚ᮏᏛࡢᑓ௵࠾ࡼࡧව௵ࡢᩍ⫋ဨࡍࡿࡀࠊᮏᏛ㛵㐃ࢆࡶࡘ◊✲⪅ࢆㄆࡵ ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࠊࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࠊࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ⩻ヂࠖࡣ୍⯡ᢞ✏ࢆཎ๎ࡍࡿࡀࠊࠕሗ࿌࣭ ㈨ᩱࠖࠊࠕ᭩ホࠖ➼ࡣጤဨࡀᇳ➹ࢆ౫㢗ࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ᮏㄅᥖ㍕ࡍࡿཎ✏ࡢ᥇ྰࡣࠊ⣖せ⦅㞟ጤဨ࡛ᑂᰝࡢ࠺࠼Ỵᐃࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᢞ✏ཎ✏ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ⦅㞟ጤဨࡢጤკࡍࡿᰝㄞ⪅ࡀᰝㄞࡋࠊෆᐜࡢಟṇ➼ࢆせồࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㸬ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓㄽᩥ➼ࡢⴭస⪅ࡣࠊᅜ❧ሗᏛ◊✲ᡤࡼࡿ㟁Ꮚ㺃බ㛤ࠊཬࡧᮏᏛ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡑࡢ ↓ᩱබ㛤ࡍࡿࡇࢆチㅙࡍࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ 㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢෆᐜࡣḟࡢせ௳ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖࡣࠊၥ㢟࣭᪉ἲ࣭ᡭ⥆ࡁ࣭⤖ᯝ࣭⪃ᐹࡢྛ㒊ศࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ⊂⮬ࡢㄽ᪨ࡀ᫂☜࡛࠶ ࡿࡇࠋ 㸦㸧ࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࡣࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ‽ࡎࡿෆᐜࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋ 㸦㸧ࠕሗ࿌㺃㈨ᩱࠖࡣࠊᮏᏛᩍ⫱࣭࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ➼㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࠊᩍᮦࠊཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࠾ࡼࡧᐇែㄪᰝࡢ ሗ࿌࡞ࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ࠕ⩻ヂࠖࡣࠊὀ㔘࣭ゎ㢟ࡀᐇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋࡲࡓࠊⴭసᶒ࣭⩻ヂᶒ➼ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ␃ព ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠋ ⌮ୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࠾ࡑࢀࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ◊✲⌮ጤဨࡢᑂᰝࢆཷࡅࠊᑂᰝ⤖ᯝ㏻▱ ᭩ࡢ」ࢆཎ✏ῧ࠼࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ᢞ✏ࡣḟࡢせ㡿ࡼࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ཎ✏ࡢྠᩥࡢࢥࣆ࣮㒊ࢆῧࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ཎ✏ࡣ࡞ࡿࡃ㟁Ꮚࣇࣝᙧᘧ㸦:RUG➼㸧࡛ᇳ➹ࡋࠊ㟁Ꮚ፹యࡶࡋࡃࡣ࣓࣮ࣝῧ࡛ᥦฟࡍ ࡿࡇࠋ 㸦㸧ᩥཎ✏ࡣࠊᏐ⛬ᗘ㸦⾜ᩥᏐ⾜ࢆ㡫ࡍࡿ㸧ࡋࠊ$ุ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ Ḣᩥཎ✏ࡢሙྜࡣࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢡ⾜ࢲࣈࣝࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛ᯛ௨ୗࡋࠊ$ุ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸧᪥ᮏㄒ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢⱥヂࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆಶ௨ෆࡘࡅࡿࠋ 㸦㸧㢟ྡࠊᇳ➹⪅ᡤᒓẶྡࡣḢᩥࢆࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕཎⴭㄽᩥࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ㄒ௨ෆࡢḢᩥᢒ㘓㸦࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂ㸧ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ᮏᩥ࠾࠸࡚❶࣭⠇࡞ࡢグྕࢆࡘࡅࡿሙྜࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺グࡍࡢࢆཎ๎ࡍࡿࠋ ᗎ㺃⤖ㄽࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ ❶࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬 ⠇࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬 㡯࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬 㡯௨ୗࡢࡶࡢ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬 㸦㸧ᩥᏐࡣࠊᙜ⏝₎Ꮠࠊ⌧௦࡞࡙࠸ࢆཎ๎ࡋࠊᩘᏐࡣ⟬⏝ᩘᏐࠊḢᩥࡣάᏐయࠊ⤫ィグྕࡣ ࢱࣜࢵࢡయ࡛グࡍࠋ 㸦㸧እᅜᆅྡ࣭ேྡࡣཎㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋእᅜㄒࡣ࡞ࡿࡃヂㄒࢆࡅࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡋ࡚័⏝ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿእᅜㄒࡣ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ࡛グࡍࠋ 㸦 㸧ᅗ⾲ࡣู⣬ࢺ࣮ࣞࢫࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᥥࡁࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺グࡍࠋ ᅗࠊᅗࠊ⾲ࠊ⾲ࠊ)LJXUHࠊ7DEOH ࡞࠾ࠊᮏᩥ୰ᅗ⾲ࡢࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆ⟬ࡋ࡚⨨ࢆ᫂グࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࡣࠊḟࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪉ἲ࡛グ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ ձୖࡁ࡛㸦㸧ࠊ㸦㸧ࠊ㸦㸧␒ࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎࠕὀ࣭ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࠖࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࡿࠋ ղᘬ⏝ᩥࡢ┤ᚋ㸦 㸧᭩ࡁࡋࠊ㸦 㸧ࡢ୰ࡣࠊⴭ⪅ྡࠊⓎ⾜ᖺࠊᡤᅾ࣮࣌ࢪࢆグࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎ ࠕᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࠖࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁࠊ␒ྕࡣࡅࡎࠊᩥࡣⴭ⪅ྡࡢ͆࠶࠸࠺࠼࠾͇㡰ࠊḟ ⱥᩥࡣⴭ⪅ྡࡢ͆ࣝࣇ࣋ࢵࢺ͇㡰グ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ 㹙㹛͆ ͇㸦'DYLV㸪 㸹S㸧 ͆ ͇㸦&ROOLQV㸪 㸹SS㸧 ࡇࡢሙྜࠊὀࡣࠊୖࡘࡁ࡛㸦㸧ࠊ㸦㸧ࠊ㸦㸧␒ࡋࠊᮏᩥᮎࠕὀࠖࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࡿࠋ ͤ㑥ᩥࡢᘬ⏝ᩥࡣࠕ ࡛ࠖࡃࡃࡾࠊḢᩥࡢᘬ⏝ᩥࡣ͇࡛͆ࡃࡃࡿࠋ㛗ᩥࡢᘬ⏝ࡢሙྜࡣࠊࠕ ࠖ ࢆࡅࡎࠊ๓ᚋࢆ⾜ࡎࡘ࠶ࡅࠊᘬ⏝㒊యࢆ Ꮠୗࡆ࡚グࡍࠋ ͤղࡢሙྜࠊྠ୍Ⓨ⾜ᖺྠ୍ⴭ⪅ࡢᩥ⊩ࡀ」ᩘ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊ᭱㏆ࡢࡶࡢࡽ㡰ࠊ Dࠊ Eࡢࡼ࠺༊ูࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࡢグ㍕᪉ἲ ձ㞧ㄅㄽᩥࡢሙྜ ⴭ⪅ྡ㸸Ⓨ⾜ᖺ㸪ㄽᩥྡ㸪㞧ㄅྡ㸪ᕳᩘ㸪ྕᩘ㸪ጞࡵࡢ㡯㸫⤊ࢃࡾࡢ㡯㸬 㸦㸧ᅵᒃ㑻㸸 㸪ࠕࢼࣝࢳࢩࢬ࣒ࡢ⌮ㄽ⮬ᕫࡢ⾲㇟ࠖ㸪ࠗ⢭⚄ศᯒ◊✲࠘㸪➨ᕳ㸪➨ ྕ㸪 㡫㸬㸦㸧&ROOLQV'7㸸 ͆1RWHVRQWKH+RVSLWDO7UHDWPHQWRI 'LVRUGHUHG 2015 ᖺᗘࡢࠕ⣖せࠖࢆห⾜ࡍࡿࠋᮏᏛࡣᖺᗘ ࡢ୰ࡀື࠸࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢୡ⏺ࢆᢸ࠺ḟୡ௦ ࡽᏛྡࢆ㛤ᬛᅜ㝿Ꮫኚ᭦ࡋࡓࡀࠊ㏻ᕳ␒ ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚Ꮫேࡋ࡚ఱࢆࡍࡁ ྕ࡛࠶ࡿ➨ 15 ྕࡋࡓࠋ ࠊఱࡼࡾ୍ேࡢே㛫ࡋ࡚࠺ࡍࡁࠋ᭤ࡀ ᑠつᶍᏛ࡞ࡀࡽᩍဨࡀᑓ㛛ࡍࡿᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ ࡾゅࢆ㏄࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௦࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ෭㟼 ከᒱரࡿᮏᏛ࡛ࡣᰝㄞ⪅ࢆᏛእࡶồࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡞▱ࠊ෭㟼࡞▱❧⬮ࡋࡓ⾜ືࡀ㔜せࡔಙ ྕ࡛ࡶᐇከᩘࡢᏛእᰝㄞ⪅ࡽཝࡋ࠸ࡈᣦ ࡌࡿࡇࠋࡑࢀࢆಁࡍࠕ㛤ᬛࠖࡢ୍ㄒࡔᛮ࠸ࡓ ࡸࡈຓゝࢆ㈷ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢሙࢆࡾ࡚ᚰࡼࡾࡢឤㅰ ࠸ࠋ ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ࠾ゝⴥࢆྏဂ⃭ບࡋ ࠕᚋグࠖࡢ᭱ᚋ࡞ࡗ࡚⏦ࡋヂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊྕ࡛ࡶ ࡚ᚋάࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᩍ⫱Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࢆ ᅗ᭩㤋ົ᪉ࡢ୰⏣㊰Ꮚ௵ࡣࡌࡵᅗ᭩㤋ࢫࢱ ୧㍯ࡍࡿᶵ㛵ࡢດࡵ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋ ࢵࣇࡢ᪉ࠎኚ࠾ୡヰ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⥲㡫ᩘࡀከ࠸ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᅜୡ⏺ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿ㔜࠸ㄢ㢟ࢆ ྕ࡛ࡣ㈝ࡸࡍປຊࡸ㛫ࡀቑ࠼ࠊࡇࡢ᪉ࠎࡢࡈ ఏ࠼ࡿሗ㐨᥋ࡋ࡞࠸᪥ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍ᅜࡢၥ㢟ࡣࢢ ᑾຊ࡞ࡋࡣห⾜⮳ࡿసᴗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⦅ ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡋࡓୡ⏺ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿࡁ࡞ၥ㢟᥋⥆ࡋ 㞟ጤဨ୍ྠࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚῝ࡃᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᪥ᖖࡢᬽࡽࡋࡢ୰࡛ឤࡌࡿࡇࡶ 㸦⦅㞟ጤဨ㛗 బࠎᮌ ࡉࡼ㸧 ┈ࠎቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋࢠࢩࢠࢩ✜࡞㡢ࢆ❧࡚࡚ୡ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 Ꮫ ⣖ せ ➨ 15 ྕ ISSN 1348-0154 ᖹᡂ 28 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 15 ᪥ Ⓨ⾜ ⦅㞟⪅ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 Ꮫ ⣖ せ ⦅ 㞟 ጤ ဨ ጤဨ㛗 బࠎᮌ ࡉ ࡼ ጤ ဨ ⳥ ᓥ ṇ ᾈ ᑠ ụ ⿱ Ꮚ ⸨ ᑑ ᶞ బஂ㛫 ♸ Ꮚ ᮡ ᮌ ᜏ ᙪ Ⓨ⾜⪅ 㛤 ᬛ ᅜ 㝿 Ꮫ ࠛ277-0005 ༓ⴥ┴᯽ᕷ᯽ 1225-6 TEL 04-7167-8655 FAX 04-7163-0096 http://www.kaichi.ac.jp/