The Strict Liability in Fault and the Fault in Strict Liability
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Trespass Torts and Self-Help for an Electronic Age
Tulsa Law Review Volume 44 Issue 4 The Scholarship of Richard A. Epstein Summer 2009 Trespass Torts and Self-Help for an Electronic Age Catherine M. Sharkey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Catherine M. Sharkey, Trespass Torts and Self-Help for an Electronic Age, 44 Tulsa L. Rev. 677 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol44/iss4/2 This Legal Scholarship Symposia Articles is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Law Review by an authorized editor of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sharkey: Trespass Torts and Self-Help for an Electronic Age TRESPASS TORTS AND SELF-HELP FOR AN ELECTRONIC AGE Catherine M. Sharkey* INTRODU CTION ................................................................................................................ 678 1. SELF-HELP: THE MISSING THIRD REMEDY .......................................................... 679 II. CONCEPTUALIZING SELF-HELP IN CYBERTRESPASS DOCTRINE ........................... 684 A. Self-Help in Plaintiff's Prima Facie Case ................................................... 684 1. Threshold Prerequisite to Invoke Legal Process ................................... 684 2. Liability for Evasion of Self-Help ........................................................ 687 B. Self-Help "Opt-Out" as Affirmative Defense ............................................ -
Topic: LIABILITY UNDER the RULE in RYLANDS V FLETCHER IN
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Research Liability under this topic is actually focused on the environmental liability in the construction industry which aims at making the perperator of environmental damage or the polluter to pay for remedying the damage that he has caused. Liability for environmental damage is an important part of any developed legal system. This study actually looks at the potential liabilities of owners, contractor and occupiers of land for damages caused to neighboring land under the common law, due to escapes from the defendant’s land of things with a known potential to cause damage, be that escape of chemicals, water and fire. The particular area of discussion is liability in the absence of 2 negligence under the rule in Rylands v Fletcher.1 The rule seems to be very helpful in environmental cases, where damage is the result of escape of dangerous substances2. All this while, Malaysia has been overwhelmed by the occurrence of indiscriminate development, which, at best, resulted in redundancy and visually unpleasant construction activities and, at worst, caused overcrowding, squeezing out of open spaces and environmental degradation, with affiliated effects on public well-being and health. In recent years, the uptrend in the occurrence of floods in urban areas and pollution of our water resources arising from land-use related causes amongst other signs of environmental degeneration, serve to highlight the harshness of the problems of poor development planning, disregard of planning laws and inadequate policing of developers.3 The origin of the problem lies in the lack of coordination of planning policies within and amongst States and between the Federal and State governments. -
ILRC | Selected Immigration Defenses for Selected California Crimes
Defenses for California Crimes Immigrant Legal Resource Center August 2018 www.ilrc.org SELECTED IMMIGRATION DEFENSES FOR SELECTED CALIFORNIA CRIMES Immigrant Legal Resource Center August 2018 This article is an updated guide to selected California offenses that discusses precedent decisions and other information showing that the offenses avoid at least some adverse immigration consequences. This is not a complete analysis of each offense. It does not note adverse immigration consequence that may apply. How defense counsel can use this article. Criminal defense counsel who negotiate a plea that is discussed in this article should provide the noncitizen defendant with a copy of the relevant pages containing the immigration analysis. In the event that the noncitizen defendant ends up in removal proceedings, presenting that summary of the analysis may be their best access to an affirmative defense against deportation, because the vast majority of immigrants in deportation proceedings are unrepresented by counsel. Because ICE often confiscates documents from detainees, it is a good idea to give a second copy of the summary to the defendant’s immigration attorney (if any), or family or friend, for safekeeping. Again, this article does not show all immigration consequences of offenses. For further information and analysis of other offenses, defense counsel also should consult the California Quick Reference Chart; go to www.ilrc.org/chart. As always, advise noncitizen defendants not to discuss their place of birth or undocumented immigration status with ICE or any other law enforcement representative. See information at www.ilrc.org/red-cards. The fact that the person gives an immigration judge or officer this summary should not be taken as an admission of alienage. -
OSLIN, DEBORAH JOYCE, ) ) Case No. 17-11214-R Debtor. ) Chapter 7 ______
Case 17-01034-R Document 14 Filed in USBC ND/OK on 01/24/18 Page 1 of 21 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA IN RE: ) Filed/Docketed ) Jan 24, 2018 OSLIN, DEBORAH JOYCE, ) ) Case No. 17-11214-R Debtor. ) Chapter 7 ________________________________________________________________________ MAXINE ARMSTRONG, as ) Guardian of the Person and Estate ) of Adrian Armstrong, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) vs. ) Adv. No. 17-1034-R ) DEBORAH OSLIN, ) ) Defendant. ) ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO DISMISS CLAIMS UNDER 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(6) AND § 523(a)(9) Before the Court is the Motion to Dismiss Claims Under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(6) and § 523(a)(9) (Adv. Doc. 5) (“Motion to Dismiss”) filed on November 6, 2017, by Defendant/Debtor Deborah Oslin (“Oslin”), and the response and brief in support (Adv. Doc. 9) (“Response”) filed on November 20, 2017, by Plaintiff Maxine Armstrong, as Guardian of the Person and Estate of Adrian Armstrong (“Armstrong”). On October 11, 2017, Armstrong filed a Complaint . for Determination of: 1) Non- Dischargeability; and 2) Objections to Debtor’s Discharge, Pursuant to Sections 523 and 727, Respectively, of the Bankruptcy Code (Adv. Doc. 1) (“Complaint”). Oslin seeks dismissal only of the claims asserted under 11 U.S.C. § 523. Case 17-01034-R Document 14 Filed in USBC ND/OK on 01/24/18 Page 2 of 21 I. Jurisdiction The Court has jurisdiction of this proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334, 157(a), and 157(b)(1) and (2)(I) and (J), and Local Civil Rule 84.1(a) of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma. -
What's Reasonable?: Self-Defense and Mistake in Criminal and Tort
Do Not Delete 12/15/2010 10:20 PM WHAT’S REASONABLE?: SELF-DEFENSE AND MISTAKE IN CRIMINAL AND TORT LAW by Caroline Forell∗ In this Article, Professor Forell examines the criminal and tort mistake- as-to-self-defense doctrines. She uses the State v. Peairs criminal and Hattori v. Peairs tort mistaken self-defense cases to illustrate why application of the reasonable person standard to the same set of facts in two areas of law can lead to different outcomes. She also uses these cases to highlight how fundamentally different the perception of what is reasonable can be in different cultures. She then questions whether both criminal and tort law should continue to treat a reasonably mistaken belief that deadly force is necessary as justifiable self-defense. Based on the different purposes that tort and criminal law serve, Professor Forell explains why in self-defense cases criminal law should retain the reasonable mistake standard while tort law should move to a strict liability with comparative fault standard. I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1402 II. THE LAW OF SELF-DEFENSE ................................................... 1403 III. THE PEAIRS MISTAKE CASES .................................................. 1406 A. The Peairs Facts ..................................................................... 1408 B. The Criminal Case .................................................................. 1409 1. The Applicable Law ........................................................... 1409 -
Case 2:12-Cv-01114-JD Document 17 Filed 10/19/12 Page 1 of 9
Case 2:12-cv-01114-JD Document 17 Filed 10/19/12 Page 1 of 9 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA _____________________________________ DAVID S. TATUM, : CIVIL ACTION : NO. 12-1114 : Plaintiff, : v. : : TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS : NORTH AMERICA, INC., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS AMERICA, INC., : TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS : INTERNATIONAL, INC., TAKEDA : PHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY : LIMITED, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC, TAKEDA : AMERICA HOLDINGS, INC., TAKEDA : GLOBAL RESEARCH & : DEVELOPMENT CENTER, INC., : TAKEDA SAN DIEGO, INC., TAP : PHARMACEUTICALS PRODUCTS, INC., ABBOTT LABORATORIES, INC., : DOES 1 THROUGH 100 INCLUSIVE, : : Defendants. : _____________________________________ DuBois, J. October 18, 2012 M E M O R A N D U M I. INTRODUCTION This is a product liability action in which plaintiff David S. Tatum alleges that the PREVACID designed, manufactured, and marketed by defendants weakened his bones, ultimately leading to hip fractures. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss many of the claims in Tatum’s First Amended Complaint. For the reasons that follow, the Court grants in part and denies in part defendants’ motion. II. BACKGROUND1 Tatum was prescribed PREVACID, a pharmaceutical drug designed, manufactured, and 1 As required on a motion to dismiss, the Court takes all plausible factual allegations contained in plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint to be true. Case 2:12-cv-01114-JD Document 17 Filed 10/19/12 Page 2 of 9 marketed by defendants. (Am. Compl. 3, 7.) After taking PREVACID, Tatum began feeling pain in his left hip, and he was later diagnosed with Stage III Avascular Necrosis. (Id. at 7.) Tatum’s bones became weakened or brittle, causing multiple fractures. -
The Standard of Care in Malpractice Cases Irvin Sherman
Osgoode Hall Law Journal Article 4 Volume 4, Number 2 (September 1966) The tS andard of Care in Malpractice Cases Irvin Sherman Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj Article Citation Information Sherman, Irvin. "The tS andard of Care in Malpractice Cases." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 4.2 (1966) : 222-242. http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol4/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Osgoode Hall Law Journal by an authorized editor of Osgoode Digital Commons. THE STANDARD OF CARE IN MALPRACTICE CASES IRVIN SHERMAN Medical malpractice has been a controversial issue both in the press and in medical and legal circles in recent years. As a result, the public in general and the medical profession in particular have become increasingly aware of the professional conduct of doctors. In Califor- nia, "malpractice actions have become so prevalent that on the average one out of every four doctors is sued at some time for malpractice".1 The situation is not quite as serious in Canada. In 1965, the Canadian Medical Protective Association which represents 78% (15,500 out of 22,000) of Canadian doctors handled just 27 cases in- volving malpractice.2 It has been stated that, "the practising physician or surgeon is an easy target for the blackmailer. The disgruntled or unscrupulous patient can inevitably destroy the reputation of the most eminent physician or surgeon by an ill-founded action for malpractice." 3 The adverse publicity atributable to a medical negligence case, regardless how unfounded the action may be, can only have a detrimental effect upon the doctor's career, thus weakening the vital role he can play in contributing to the needs of society. -
2014 ASC Day 2-5 Vicarious Liability.Pdf
Vicarious Liability Definition: liability based not on a person’s own wrongdoing, but rather on that person’s relationship to the wrongdoer. What Relationships Are We Talking About? Parent may be responsible for acts of children. Employers (including corporations) may be responsible for acts of employees. Employers are responsible for acts of independent contractors in case of “non- delegable duties.” Principals may be responsible for acts of agents. One partner may be responsible for acts of another partner. One person engaged in a joint enterprise may be responsible for the acts of another. The owner of a car may be responsible for the acts of the driver. NOTE: All of these individuals are responsible for their own negligent actions, but that is not the subject of this handout. In these cases, we’re discussing holding a person liable for another’s injury, even though the person has not behaved negligently or otherwise done anything wrong. Parent May Be Responsible for Acts of Children Essential Elements Defendant’s child was under 18. Child maliciously or willfully injured plaintiff or destroyed plaintiff’s property. Amount of actual damages. Limitations Total recovery may not exceed $2,000. Fact that parent no longer has custody and control (whether by court order or agreement) is complete defense. Employer May Be Responsible for Acts of Employees Essential Elements: Negligent person was employed by defendant. Negligent person was acting within scope of employment, or employer authorized the employee to act tortiously or employer later ratified employee’s tortious acts. Amount of actual damages. DGL/SOG/2014 The courts have said that an employee acts within the scope of his employment if his actions were for the purpose of in some way furthering the business of the employer. -
Competing Theories of Blackmail: an Empirical Research Critique of Criminal Law Theory
Competing Theories of Blackmail: An Empirical Research Critique of Criminal Law Theory Paul H. Robinson,* Michael T. Cahill** & Daniel M. Bartels*** The crime of blackmail has risen to national media attention because of the David Letterman case, but this wonderfully curious offense has long been the favorite of clever criminal law theorists. It criminalizes the threat to do something that would not be criminal if one did it. There exists a rich liter- ature on the issue, with many prominent legal scholars offering their accounts. Each theorist has his own explanation as to why the blackmail offense exists. Most theories seek to justify the position that blackmail is a moral wrong and claim to offer an account that reflects widely shared moral intuitions. But the theories make widely varying assertions about what those shared intuitions are, while also lacking any evidence to support the assertions. This Article summarizes the results of an empirical study designed to test the competing theories of blackmail to see which best accords with pre- vailing sentiment. Using a variety of scenarios designed to isolate and test the various criteria different theorists have put forth as “the” key to blackmail, this study reveals which (if any) of the various theories of blackmail proposed to date truly reflects laypeople’s moral judgment. Blackmail is not only a common subject of scholarly theorizing but also a common object of criminal prohibition. Every American jurisdiction criminalizes blackmail, although there is considerable variation in its formulation. The Article reviews the American statutes and describes the three general approaches these provisions reflect. -
Libel As Malpractice: News Media Ethics and the Standard of Care
Fordham Law Review Volume 53 Issue 3 Article 3 1984 Libel as Malpractice: News Media Ethics and the Standard of Care Todd F. Simon Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Todd F. Simon, Libel as Malpractice: News Media Ethics and the Standard of Care, 53 Fordham L. Rev. 449 (1984). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol53/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIBEL AS MALPRACTICE: NEWS MEDIA ETHICS AND THE STANDARD OF CARE TODD F. SIMON* INTRODUCTION D OCTORS, lawyers, and journalists share a strong common bond: They live in fear of being haled into court where the trier of fact will pass judgment on how they have performed their duties. When the doc- tor or lawyer is sued by a patient or client, it is a malpractice case.I The standard by which liability is determined is whether the doctor or lawyer acted with the knowledge, skill and care ordinarily possessed and em- ployed by members of the profession in good standing.' Accordingly, if * Assistant Professor and Director, Journalism/Law Institute, Michigan State Uni- versity School of Journalism; Member, Nebraska Bar. 1. W. Keeton, D. Dobbs, R. Keeton & D. Owen, Prosser and Keeton on Torts, § 32, at 185-86 (5th ed. -
The Common Law and the Environment in the Courts
Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 58 Issue 3 Article 5 2008 The Common Law and the Environment in the Courts Stuart Buck Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Stuart Buck, The Common Law and the Environment in the Courts, 58 Case W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 621 (2008) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol58/iss3/5 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. THE COMMON LAW AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE COURTS Stuart Buckt INTRODUCTION Numerous scholars over the past decade or two have argued for a renewed emphasis on common law solutions to environmental problems.' In this paper, I will begin by describing the basic common law institutions and principles that can be used to address environmental problems. I will examine both the successes and failures of common law actions in courts.2 As I argue below, the overriding question whether the common law is superior to agency regulation is indeterminate, both because there is no agreed-on definition of what counts as "superior," and because there is little solid empirical evidence as to the comparative efficacy of each type of legal institution. t Associate, Kellogg, Huber, Hansen, Todd, Evans & Figel, Washington, D.C.; J.D., Harvard Law School, 2000. -
July 25, 2019 NACDL OPPOSES AFFIRMATVE CONSENT
July 25, 2019 NACDL OPPOSES AFFIRMATVE CONSENT RESOLUTION ABA RESOLUTION 114 NACDL opposes ABA Resolution 114. Resolution 114 urges legislatures to adopt affirmative consent requirements that re-define consent as: the assent of a person who is competent to give consent to engage in a specific act of sexual penetration, oral sex, or sexual contact, to provide that consent is expressed by words or action in the context of all the circumstances . The word “assent” generally refers to an express agreement. In addition the resolution dictates that consent must be “expressed by words or actions.” The resolution calls for a new definition of consent in sexual assault cases that would require expressed affirmative consent to every sexual act during the course of a sexual encounter. 1. Burden-Shifting in Violation of Due Process and Presumption of Innocence: NACDL opposes ABA Resolution 114 because it shifts the burden of proof by requiring an accused person to prove affirmative consent to each sexual act rather than requiring the prosecution to prove lack of consent. The resolution assumes guilt in the absence of any evidence regarding consent. This radical change in the law would violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments and the Presumption of Innocence. It offends fundamental and well-established notions of justice. Specifically, Resolution 114 urges legislatures to re-define consent as “the assent of a person who is competent to give consent to engage in a specific act of sexual penetration, oral sex, or sexual contact, to provide that consent is expressed by words or action in the context of all the circumstances .