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Home , Ditylenchus, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Dolichodorus, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Passiflora edulis

Supplement to the Journal of Nematology 29(4S):640-656. 1997. © The Society of Nematologists 1997. -parasitic of Recorded by Host Association K. W. L. KNIGHT, 1 C.J. BARBER,2 AND G. D. PAGE2 Abstract: A list of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with hosts in New Zealand is pro~ided com- prising 703 records, including 207 new associations for New Zealand. Key wards: new records, New Zealand, plant-parasitic nematodes, pasture nematodes.

Records of plant-parasitic nematodes in (as Nothocriconema pasticum), and Raski association with hosts in New Zealand have (1975) identified Paratylenchus nanus in New been reviewed previously (Clark, 1963d; Zealand, but they did not indicate a host Cottier, 1956; Dale, 1972a; Dingley, 1969). association. Radopholus nativus has been This paper incorporates New Zealand nema- found subsequently on Chionochloa macra tode-host associations published up to 1995; (Yeates, 1974) and Raoulia hectori (Yeates, observations of the New Zealand Plant Pro- 1983); Criconema pasticum is newly recorded tection Centre (NZPPC) up to June 1996; on sp. and Paratylenchus nanus is newly and unpublished records contributed by recorded in association with Hordeum vulgate R.N. Watson, AgResearch, Ruakura, New and Triticum aestivum. Table 3 contains re- Zealand; G. S. Grandison, Landcare Re- cords of plant-parasitic nematodes associ- search, Auckland, New Zealand; W. M. ated with grass, turf, and pasture, where a Wouts, Landcare Research, Auckland, New specific host has not been determined. In- Zealand; J. W. Marshall, Crop and Food Re- clusion of this table reflects the amount of search, Lincoln, New Zealand, and W. De- nematological work directed into this area, craemer, Gent University, Brussels, Belgium. and the importance of pasture to the New host association records lodged Zealand economy. Pastoral agriculture ac- in university libraries in theses and disserta- counts for 80% of land use and produces tions have not been included. $5.9 billion annually (Anonymous, 1995). Records are listed alphabetically by the The term "plant-parasitic nematode" in scientific name of the host plant (Table 1). this paper refers to nematodes in categories Edible fungi are included in the host list. la-ld ofYeates et al. (1993). The only ex- Table 2 contains records of plant-parasitic ceptions to this are Blandicephalanema, a sub- nematodes known to be present in New genus of Ograa according to Siddiqi (Siddiqi, Zealand but never recorded in association 1986); Neodolichodorus, a genus of Dolicho- with a specific host. Three cases where first dorinae (Siddiqi, 1986); and the parasitic records were published without the host be- nematodes listed in association with edible ing specified have been superseded by a sub- fungi. The criteria for accepting a new host sequent record that has established a host association record follow those of Dale association. Sher (1968) made the first ob- (1972a), with one addition: A parasite-host servation of Radopholus nativus, Raski and Pi- association occurs when records indicate nochet (1976) identified Criconemapasticum that the nematodes have reproduced on or in these in New Zealand, or when they have been found in association with Received for p~blication 3 January 1997. plants of which they are known parasites Nematologist, NZ Plant Protection Centre-Lincoln, MAF Qt~ality Management, P.O. Box 24, Lincoln, New Zealand. overseas. The additional criterion applies in Nematologists, NZ Plant Protection Centre-Lynfield, MAF cases of nematodes extracted from , Quality Management, P.O. Box 41, Auckland, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected] when there have been multiple occurrences The authors thank W. M. Wouts, G.W. Yeates, and D. of significant numbers (greater than 50 Sntrhan for their careful scrutiny of this manuscript and their helpful comments;J. W. Marshall, R. Watson, G. S. Grandison, nematodes/100 g soil for most ) of and W. Decraemer for the records they have contributed; and the nematode associated with a particular the interloan librarians of Landcare Research for locating many of the original references. host. 640 Plant-parasitic Nematodes of New Zealand: Knight et aL 641

TABLE 1. New Zealand plant-parasitic nematode-host associations, listed alphabetically by host. NZPPC: New Zealand Plant Protection Centre.

Host association (common name) Nematode First record Actinidia deliciosa () Helicotylenchuslabiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marioni) Helson, 1952 Xiphinema sp2 R.N. Watson, pets. comm. Adiantum sp. Aphelenchoides fragariae (=Aphelenchoides olesistus) Cottier, 1956 (maidenhair fern) Agaricus bisporus Aphelenchoides composticola Dale et al., 1972 (edible mushroom) Aphelenchus avenae Dale, 1972a Bursaphelenchus fungivorus Dale, 1971c mycebiophagus Dale, 1971c Agathis australis (kauri) Cephalenchus emarginatus (=Tylenchus emarginatus) Yeates et al., 1981 Agrostis tenuis (brown top) agrostis Healy, 1958 pseudorobustus Yeates and Wou~, 1992 Helicotylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne naasi Grbawac et al., 1979 Para~lenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Alectryon excelsus (fitoki) Helicotylenchus oythrinae Wou~ and Yeates, 1994 ascalonicum (shallot) ~ NZPPC Allium cepa () Ditylenchus dipsaci (=Tylenchus devastatrix) Kirk, 1908 Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wou~, 1992 Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Dale, 1971a Meloidogyne incognita acrita D~e, 1972a Meloidogyne sp. Cottier, 1956 crenatu~ Dale, 1972a Pratylvnchus sp. Clark, 1963d Allium cernuum (wild onion) Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1971b Allium porrum (leek) Meloidogyne sp, Waters, 1965 Alliura sativum () Aphelenchoides blastophthorus Dale et al., 1972 Ditylenchus dipsaci Barber, 1977 Meloidogyne sp. ~ NZPPC Allium schoenoprasum (chive) Ditylenchus dipsaci ~ NZPPC Alstroemeria sp. (Peruvian lily) a NZPPC Amaranthus sp. (amaranthus) Aphelenchoides ntzemabosi Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Ammophila arenaria Hemicycliophora halophila Yeates, 1967c (marram grass) Trichodorus lobatus (=Trichodotvz clarki) Yeates, 1967b Morulaimus geniculatus (=Scutellonema magna) Yeates, 1967a Anagallis aroensis Pratylenchus sp. Clark, 1963d (scarlet pimpernel) Anthoxanthum odoratum Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a (sweet vernal) Apium graveolens (celery) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera mariani) b Cottier, 1956 a NZPPC Boesewinkel, 1977 Trichodorus primitivus a W. M. Wouts, pers. comm. Aphelandra squarrosa Pratylenchus sp. Clark, 1963d (zebra plant) sp. Clark, 1963d Aquilegia vulgaria Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1980 ( columbine) Araucaria bidwillii Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 (bunya bunya) Arthropiwm cirrhatum Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC (New Zealand rock lily) Asparagus o~cinalis Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marioni) b Cottier, 1956 (asparagus) 642 Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, Volume 29, No. 4S, December 1997

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record Asplenium tmlbiferum Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC (hen & chicken fern) Asplenium lucidum Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC Asplenium sp. Aphelenchoides fragariae Cottier, 1956 (=Aphelenchaides olesistus) Aster dumosis (aster) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1977 Aster sp. (aster) Aphelechoides ritzemabosi Cottier, 1956 Criconemoides sp. a NZPPC Meloidogyne hapla ~ NZPPC Astilbe × arendsii Meloidogyne sp. ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus sp. a NZPPC Avenafatua (wild ) Heterodera avenae Harper, 1981 Avena sativa (oat) Ditylenchus dipsaci (=Tylenchus devastat~ix) Krik, 1908 Heterodera avenae Grandison and Halliwell, 1975 Meloidogyne naasi Grbavac, 1979 Pratylenchus crenatus Yeates, 1988 Pratylenchus sp. a NZPPC Beilschmiedia tawa (tawa) Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Begonia sp. (begonia) Aphelenchoides fragariae Helson, 1952 (=Aphelenchoides olesistus) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Clark, 1963d Bergenia cordifolia Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPCC Beta vulgaris (mangold/ Heterodera schachtii Barber, 1982 silverbeet/beetroot) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne incognita Dale, 1972a ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne sp. Clark, 1963d Blechnum capense (kiokio fern) Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Blechnum pattersonii Aphelenchoides fi'agariae~ NZPPC Blechnum sp. Blandicephalanema pilatum Mehta and Raski, 1971 Boronia heterphylla (boronia) Meloidogyne hapla a NZPPC Boronia megastigma Meloidogyne hapla a G. S. Grandison, pers. comm. (scented boronia) Meloidogyne sp. ~ NZPPC Bouvardia longiflora Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Clark, 1963d Brachyglottis repanda Helicotylenchus erythvinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 (rangiora) mollis (goose grass) Paratylenchus projectus Woods, 1973a Brassica oleracea Helicotylenchus htbiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 (cabbage/cauliflower) Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marion0 b Cottier, 1956 Brassica rapa (turnip) Ditylenchus dipsaci Ferro, 1976 Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marioni)b Cottier, 1956 Calendula offtcinalis Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a (common marigold) Callistemon sp. (bottle brush) Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 CameUia japonica (camellia) sp. ~ NZPPC Campanula raddeana Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC (bell flower) Campanula pyramidalis Aphelenchoides ritzemabo~i Boesewinkel, 1977 (chimney bellflower) Capsicum annuum Meloidogyne hapla a NZPPC (ornamental pepper) Carex sp. Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Carica x heilbornii nm. Meloidogyne javanica ~ NZPPC pentagana (babaco) Carica papaya (pawpaw) Meloidogyne incognita Clark, 1963d Meloidogynejavanica ~ Grandison, pers. comm. Carica pubescens Meloidogyne incognita Dingley, 1969 (mountain pawpaw) Plant-parasitic Nematodes of New Zealand: Knight et al. 643

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record Ca~Oodetus serratus He~icotylenchus digonicus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 (putaputaweta/marblewood) Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Trichodorus cottieri Clark, 1963a Carpodetus sp. Blandicephalanema pilatum Mehta and D.J. Raski, 1971 Cassinia leptophyUa (tauhinu) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Celmisia allanii Helicotylenchus minzi Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Celmisa traversi Helicotylenchus minzi Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Cerastium glomeratum Ditylenchus dipsaei Dale, 1971b (annual mouse ear chickweed) Chenopodium album ( hen) Meloidogyne hapla Clark, 1963d Chionoehloa flavescens Macroposthonia sp. Yeates, 1974 Pratylenchus penetrans Yeates, 1974 Chinochloa ma~ra Macroposthonia sp. Yeates, 1974 Paratylenchus sp. Yeates, 1974 Radopholus nativus Yeates, 1974 Chionochloa rigida Helicotylenchus sp. Yeates, 1974 Macroposthonia sp. Yeates, 1974 Paratylenchus sp. Yeates, 1974 Chionochloa rubra Macropostkonia sp. Yeates, 1974 Pratylenchus penetrans Yeates, 1974 Chlorophytum datum Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Chrysanthemum maximum Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1972a (max daisy) Chrysanthemum morifolium Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Helson, 1952 (florist chrysanthemum) ~ NZPPC Chrysanthemum sp. Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Reid and Cottier, 1935 Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Paratylenchus projectus a NZPPC Pratylenchus vulnus a NZPPC Cirsium aroeuse (perennial thistle) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Cirsium vulgate (spear thistle) Meloidogyne hapla Clark, 1963d Citrus sp. Trichodorus porosu~ Dale et al., 1972 (= Trichodorus christies) Dale, 1971d Citrus limon () Criconema (Nothocriconemella) pasticum a NZPPC Criconema (Nothocriconemella) mutabile a NZPPC Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Macroposthonia xenoplax ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Paratrichodorus minor (=Trichodorus christiel) Dale, 1971d Tylenchulus semipenetrans Dale, 1972a Citrus paradisi (/pomelo) Crieonema ( Nothocriconemella) mutabile ~ NZPPC Criconema ( Nothocriconemella) pasticum a NZPPC Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Tylenchulus semipenetrans ~ NZPPC Citrus reticulata (mandarin) Criconema ( NothocriconemeUa) mutabile a NZPPC Tylenchulus semipenetrans a NZPPC Citrus sinensus (sweet orange) Criconema ( Not]wericonemella) mutabile a NZPPC Macroposthonia xenoplax ~ NZPPC Tylenchulus semipenetrans Clark, 1963d Paratrichodorus minor a NZPPC Citrus × tangelo (tangelo) Paratylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Tylenchulus semipenetrans a NZPPC Clematis sp. (clematis) Meloidog3ne sp. ~ NZPPC Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Convolvulus arvensis Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a (field bindweed) Coprosma tenuifolia Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 644 Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, Volume 29, No. 4S, December 1997

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record

Coprosma sp. Blandicephalanema pilatum Mehta and Raski, 1971 Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus minzi Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Cordyline australis Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 (cabbage ) Helicotylenchus dihystera Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Coriaria arbc,rea (tutu) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Corynocarpus laevigatus Helicotylenchus minzi Wouts and Yeates, 1994 (karaka) Cucumis sativus Meliodogyne incognita Dale, 1972a (cucumber) Meloidogyne javanica Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne sp. (= Heterodera radicicola) Kirk, 1908 Quinisulcius capitatus (= Tylenchorhynchus NZPPC capitatus) ~ maxima (squash) Quinisulcius capitatus (= Tylenchorhynchus NZPPC capitatus) a Cucurbita pepo Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marionO Helson, 1952 (marrow/courgette) Meloidogyne javanica a G. S. Grandison, pers. comm. Cyanthea dealbata Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 (ponga/tree fern) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Cyanosurus cristatus Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a (crested dogstail) Cyclamen sp. (cyclamen) Meloidogyne sp. ( =Heterodera marionO Cottier, 1956 Meloidogyne incognita Harrison, 1976 Cymbidium sp. (orchid) Aphelenchoides fragariae Barber, 1979 betacea Meloidogyne sp. (= Heterodera marionO Helson, 1952 () Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne incognita Sale, 1984 Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Paratrichodorus minor (=Trichodorus christiei) Dale, 1971d T~ichodorus porosus Dale, 1971d Trichodorus sp. Dale, 1971c Xiphinema americanum (sensu faro) a NZPPC Xiphinema diversicaudatum Dale, 1971d Xiphinema sp. Dale, 1971c Dacrydium cupressinum (rimu/ Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 New Zealand red pine) Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Pratylenchus sp. a NZPPC Dahlia sp. (dahlia) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Cottier, 1956 Daucus carota (carrot) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Meloidogyne arenariaa NZPPC Meloidogyne hapla Clark, 1963d Meloidogyne incognita Harrison, 1976 Meloidogyne javanica ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne naasi Knight, 1996 Meloidogyne sp. (=Heter0dera marioni) Helson, 1952 Pratylenchus crenatus Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus sp. ~ G. S. Grandison, pers. comm. Rotylenchus neorob~stusa G. S. Grandison, pers. comm. Davallia canariensis Aphelenchoides fi'agariaea NZPPC Delphinium cultorum (delphinium) Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marioni) Cottier, 1956 Meloidogyne incognita Harrison, 1976 Desmoschoenus spiralis Neodolichodorus arenarius Clark, 1963b (pingao/golden sand sedge) (= arenarius) Hemicycliophora halophila Yeates, 1967c Helicotylenchus depressus Yeates, 1967a Deutzia x hydrida (deutzia) Melc4dogyne hapla ~ NZPPC Dianella revolutum Aphelenchoides fragariae~ NZPPC Plant-parasitic Nematodes of New Zealand: Knight et al. 645

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record

Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) Meloidogyne sp. ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne javanica a NZPPC Paratylenchus projectus~ NZPPC Pratylenchus penetransa NZPPC Dichondra repens (Mercury Bay weed) Trichodorus sp. ~ NZPPC Digitalis purpurea (fox glove) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi~ NZPPC Dioscorea sp. (yam) Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Ellinghamitia sp. Aphelenchoides fragariaea NZPPC Elymus rectisetus (blue wheat grass) Anguina sp. Morrison, 1957 Endymion sp. (bluebell) Ditylenchus dipsaci Cottier, 1956 Epiphyllium sp. Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1972a Fatsia japonica (fatsia) Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Feijoa seUowiana (feijoa) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Festuca novae-zelandiae (tussock) Cephalenchus tabus Wood, 1973b Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Festuca rubra (chewings rescue) Clark, 1963d Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Ficus carica (fig) Heteroderafici Yeates, 1991 Meloidogyne incognitaa NZPPC Ficus elastica ( rubber plant) Meloidogyne arenaria Anonymous, 1967 Ficus sp. Crossonema palmatum Mehta and Raski, 1971 Fragaria sp. (strawberry) Aphelenchoidesfragariae Dale, 1971c Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1971b Longido~'us elongatus Dale, 1971c Long/dm~ sp. Dale, 1972a Meloidogyn sp. (=Heterodera marioni) Cottier, 1956 Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne incognita Harrison, 1976 Pratylenchus sp. Dale, 1971c Pratylenchus crenatus Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus penetrans Dale, 1972a Rotylenckus robustus Dale, 1972a Xiphinema diversicaudatum Dale, 1972a Xiphinema sp. Clark, 1963d Fuchsia excorticata (kotukutuku/tree fuchsia) Globodera zelandica Wouts, 1984 Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Gentiana sp. (gentian) Meloidogyne sp. a NZPPC Geranium madeiriensis (cranesbill) Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC Ditylenchus dipsaci~ NZPPC Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy) Meloidog3ne hapla Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne incognita Clark, 1963d Meloidogynejavanica Dale, 1972a Ginkgo biIoba (maidenhair tree) Helicotylenchus digonicus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Trichodorus primitivus a W.M. Wouts, pers. comm. Gladiolus sp. (gladiolus) Ditylenchus dipsaci Cottier, 1956 Glyceria fluitans (floating sweet grass) Meloidogyne naasi Grbavac et al., 1979 Griselinia littoralis (broad ) Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Gunnera sp. Aphelenchoidesfragariae a NZPPC Gymnocalycium sp. (Chinese cactus) Heterodera cacti Boesewinkel, 1982 Gypsophila paniculata Paratylenchus projectusa NZPPC Hebe sp. Helico~ylenchus digonicus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 He[ioctylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Trichodorus primitives a W. Decraemer, pers. comm. HedycaTya arborea (pigeonwood) Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Helianthus sp. Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi~ NZPPC Helichrysum bracteatum (straw flower) Meloidogyne hapla ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus crenatusa NZPPC Pratylenchus penetrans" NZPPC 646 Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, Volume 29, No. 4S, December 1997

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record

Hellebcq~s niger (Christmas ) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1977 Helleborus sp. Aphelenchoides fragariaea NZPPC Hemeroeallis sp. (day lily) Aphelenchoides fragariae~ NZPPC Meloidogyne sp. a NZPPC Hibiscus rosa-sinesis (hibiscus) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1977 Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire fog) Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Hordeum vulgare (barley) Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1972a Heterodera avenae Harper, 1981 Meloidogyne naasi Sheridan et al., 1978 Paratylenchus nanus a NZPPC Pratylenchus thorneia NZPPC Humulus lupulus (hops) Ditylenchus destuctor Foot and Wood, 1982 Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Heterodera humuli Clark, 1963d Xiphineraa diversicaudatum Hay and Close, 1992 Hyacinthoides non-scripta (bluebell) Ditylenchus dipsaci Cottier, 1956 Hyacinthus orientalis (common hyacinth) Ditylenchus dipsaci Blair and Morrison, 1949 Hymenanthera chathamica Helicotylenchus minzi Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Hymenanthera sp. Helicotylenchus paxilli Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Hypericum sp. (St. John's wort) Meloidogyne hapla* NZPPC Ipomoea batatas (kumara) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a Meloidogyne inco$nita Dale, 1972a Meloido~yne sp. Waters, 1965 Iris sp. (iris) Aphelenchoides fragariaea NZPPC Ditylenchus dipsaci Cottier, 1956 Isoplexis sceptrum Ditylenchus dipsacia NZPPC Jovellana sinclairii AphelenchaMes ritzemabosi~ NZPPC Kniphofia sp. Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1972a Lactuca sativa () Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marion*) Helson, 1952 Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a Meloidogyne incognita Harrison, 1976 Pratylenchus sp.~ NZPPC Lantana sp. Aphelenchoides fragariaea NZPPC Lapageria rosea Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Lath~us odoratus (sweet ) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Lavandula angustifolia (=L. vera) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c (Dutch lavender) Lavandula dentata (lavender) Aphelenchoides fragariae~ NZPPC Lens esculenta () Pratylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Leptinella dioica (cotula/dioca) Ditylenchus dipsad ~ NZPPC Helicotylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne incognitaa G. S. Grandison, pers. comm. Meloidogyne sp. ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus sp.a NZPPC Xiphinema diversicaudatum~ G. S. Grandison, pers. comm. Leptinella maniototo (cotula) Xiphinema diversicaudatum~ NZPPC Leptinella spp. (cotula) Criconemoides sp. Yeates, 1980 Ditflenehus dipsaci Knight, 1989 Ditylenchus sp. Yeates, 1980 Helicotylenchus dihystera~ NZPPC Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus sp. Yeates, 1977 Yeates, 1980 Maeroposthonia sp.a NZPPC Meloidogyne hapla ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne incognitaa NZPPC Meloidogyne sp. Yeates, 1977 Plant-parasitic Nematodes of New Zealand: Knight et al. 647

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record Longidorus elongatus a NZPPC Longidorus sp. Yeates, 1980 Paratrichodorus minor a NZPPC Paratylenchus sp. Vittum and Knight, 1988 Pratylenchus crenatus a NZPPC Pratylenchus praten~s a NZPPC Pratylenchus thomgi ~ NZPPC Pra~ylenchus sp. Yeates, 1977 Trichodorus sp. Yeates, 1977 Xiphinema americanum (sensu lato) ~ NZPPC Xiphinema diversicaudatum ~ NZPPC Xiphinema king/a W.M. Wouts, pers. comm. Xiphinema radicicola ~ NZPPC Xiphinema sp. Yeates, 1977 Lilium auratum × speciosum Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus sp. Dale, 1972a LiEium regale (regal lily) Aphelenchoides fragariae Barber, 1979 Lilium tigrinum (tiger lily) Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus sp. Dale, 1972a Lilium sp. Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC ApheIenchoides ritzemabosi Clark, 1963d Paratrichodorus minor (=Trichodorus christiei) Dale, 1971d Limonium latifolium (statice) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi ~ NZPPC Limonium sp. Meloidogyne sp. ~ NZPPC Liriope muscari (lily-turf) Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Liriope spicata (lily-turf) Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Lithospermum diffusum Aphelenchoides fiagariae a NZPPC Lo~ium perenne (perennial ryegrass) Ditylenchus dipsaci Grandison, 1990 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates, 1984 Meloidogyne naasi Grbavac et al., 1979 Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Pratylenchus spp. Egunjobi, 1968a Lolium sp. Heterodera avenae Harper, 1981 Meloidogyne naasi Sheridan and Grbavac, 1979 a NZPPC Pratylenchus sp. Dale, 1971c Lop homyrtus obcordatu (myrtle) Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Lotus corniculatus (bird's foot trefoil) Aphelenchoid, s ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1982 Lotus pendunculatus (lotus major) Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne hapla Yeates et al., 1973 Lupinus sp. Meloidogyne hapla a NZPPC Lycopersicon esculentum () ApheIenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1982 Meloidogyne arenaria ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne incognita Clark, 1963d Meloidogyne javanica ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera radicicola) Kirk, 1908 Paratrichodorus minor a NZPPC Paratrichodorus sp. NZPPC a NZPPC Pra~ylenchus sp. a NZPPC Rotylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Trichodorus sp. a NZPPC Quinisulcius capitatus NZPPC (= Tylenchorhynchus capitatus) ~ Tylenchorhynchus sp. a NZPPC Macropiper excdsum (kawakawa) Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Malus x domestica (apple) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Longidorus elongatus Dale, 1971d 648 Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, Volume 29, No. 4S, December 1997

T~LE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record

Paratylenchus spp. a NZPPC Pratylenchus penetrans Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus vulnus Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus spp. Egunj obi, 1968a Paratrichodorus minor (=Trichodorus christiei) Dale et al., 1972 Xiphinema diversicaudatum Dale, 1971d Xiphinema sp.a NZPPC Marattia salicifolia (king fern) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1977 Marattia salicina Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC Marchantia sp. Aphelenchoides fragariaea NZPPC Medicago polymorpha (=M. hispida) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c (bur clover) Medicago sativa (lucerne) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Clark, 1963d Ditylenchus dipsaci Morrison, 1957 Longidorus elongatus Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a Pratylenchus penetrans~ NZPPC Pratylenchus sp. a NZPPC Medicago sp. (bur medick) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale et al., 1972 Melicytus ramiflorus Helicotylenchus dih~stera Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Metrosideros kermadecensis Helicotylenchus dihystera Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Metrosideros robusta (northern rata) Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Cryphodera coxi (=Zelandodera coxi) Wonts, 1973 Metrosideros umbellata (southern rata) Antarctylus humus c Sher, 1973 Microlaena stipoides Helieotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 (meadow rice grass) Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Heterodera ancklandica Wouts and Sturhan, 1995 Musa coccinea Aphelenchoides fragariaea NZPPC Musa sp. Aphelenchoides sp. a NZPPC Myrsine sp. (mafipo) Helicotyhqzchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 sp. (daffodil) Aphelenchoides subtenuisa NZPPC Ditylenchus dipsaci Anonymous, 1920 Prat~Ienchus penetrans Wood and Foot, 1982 Nemesia reptans Aphelenchoides ritemabosi~ NZPPC Nerine sarniensis (Guernsey lily) Ditylenehus dipsaci Boesewinkel, 1982 Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) Helicotylenchns labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus va~caudatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Meloidogyne incognita Clark, 1963d Meloidogyne sp. (= Heterodera marioni) Cottier, 1956 Paratriehodorus minor~ NZPPC Pratylenchus penetrans Cantel~Visscber, 1969 Pratylenchus spp. Clark, 1963d Quinisulcius capitatus Wouts, 1966b (= Tylenchorhynchus captitatus) Nothofagus menziesii (silver beech) Blandicephalanema sp. Yeates, 1993 Criconema sp. Yeates, 1993 Longidorus sp. Yeates, 1993 Nothofagus solandri (black beech) Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Cryphodera nothophagi Wouts, 1973 (=Zelandodera nothophagi) Nothofagus truncata (hard beech) Cephalenchus sp. Yeates, 1993 Criconema sp. Yeates, 1993 Criconemoides sp. Yeates and van Etteger, 1991 Ogma sp. Yeates, 1993 Oxalis sp. Meloidogyne incognita Dale et al., 1972 Paeonia sp. (peony rose) Meloidog~ne hapla ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Panax sp. (ginseng) Meloidogyne hapla ~ NZPPC edulis (passionfruit) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1977 Plant-parasitic Nematodes of New Zealand: Knight et al. 649

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record Passiflora mollissima Paratrichodorus minor (= Trichodorus christiez3 Dale, 1971d () Passiflora sp. (passionfruit) Trichodorus sp. Dale, 1971c Pararichodorus minor (=Trichodorus christiei) Dale et al., 1972 Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marion~) Helson, 1952 Meloidog3ne hapla Clark, 1963d Meloidogyne incognita Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne javanica ~ NZPPC Pelargonium indorum (kopata) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a Peperomia magnoliaefolia Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Clark, 1963d Phaseolus angularis (adzuki bean) Heterodera trifolii Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne incognita Dale, 1972a Phaseollzs coccin~us Meloidogyne incognita ~ NZPPC (multiflora bean/scarlet runner) Phaseolus vulgavis (kidney bean) Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Phebalium spuameum (=P. billardieri) Longidorus elongatus ~ NZPPC MeIoidogyne hapla Clark, 1963d Phleum pratense (timothy) Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Phlox sp. Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi~ NZPPC Ditylenchus dipsaci (=Anguillulina dipsaci) Cottier, 1956 Meloidogyne hapla Dale et al., 1972 Phoenix roebelenii Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC Phormium colensoi (mountain flax) Pratylenchus vulnus ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus sp. a NZPPC Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wonts and Yeates, 1994 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Pratylenchus penetrans a G. S. Grandison, pers. comm. Trichodorus primitivus ~ W. M. Wouts, pers. comm. Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Phytolacca octandra (pokeweed) Aphelenchoicles ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1982 Meloidogyne incognita Dale, 1972a Pinus radiata (radiata pine) Paratylenchus sp. Yeates, 1990 Pratylenchus sp. b Yeates, 1990 Rotylenchus robustus Yeates, 1990 Trichodorus sp. Yeates, 1990 Pisum sativum (pea) Ditylenchus dipsaci (=Anguillulina dipsaci) Helson, 1952 helicotylenchus varicaudatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Heterodera trifolii Dale, 1971c Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a Meloidogyne sp. Waters, 1965 Pratylenchus crenatus Dale, 1972a (=Pratylenchus minyus) Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus pratensis Dale et al., 1972 Pittoporum eugenioides (lemonwood) Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Pittosporum tenuifolium (kohuhu) Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Plagianthus sp. Helicotylenchus minzi Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Ditylenchus dipsaci Cottier, 1956 (narrow leaf plantain) Pratylenchus sp. Clark, 1963d Plantago major (broad leaf plantain) Ditylenchus dipsaci Cottier, 1956 Plantogo triandra (starweed) Pratylenchus crenatus ~ NZPPC annua (poa) Mercer, 1986 Meloidogyne naasi a NZPPC Poafoliosa (tussock) Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Poa sp. Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Podocarpus totara (totara) HelicotyIenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Cvyphodera podocarpi Wouts, 1973 (=Zeland0dera podocarpz) 650 Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, Volume 29, No. 4S, December 1997

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record

Polygonum persicaria Meloidog3ne naasi Grbavac et al., 1979 (willow weed) Populus sp. (poplar) Helicotylenchus labiatue Yeates and Wouts, 1992 PotentiIla a6"agiformis Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Primula nutans Aphelenchoides fragariae a NZPPC PrumnqOity taxifolia (matai) Helicotylenchue erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Prunella vulgaris (self heal) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Prunus armeniaca (apricot) Macroposthonia xenoplax Dale, 1972a Xiphinema diversicaudatum Brown and Topham, 1985 Prunus avium (cherry) Macroposthonia xenoplax a G. S. Grandison, pets. comm. Pratylenchus sp3 NZPPC Prunus persica (peach Longidorus elongatus Dale, 1971d nectarine) Pratylenchus penetrans ~ NZPPC PratyIenchus sp3 NZPPC Xiphinema sp. a NZPPC Pseudopanax arboreus Helicotylenchus e~ythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 (five finger) Helicotylenchus labiatus Wouts and Yeates, 1992 Pseudopanax sp. Helicotylenchus erythrinue Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Pter/s sp. Aphelenchoides fragariae Cottier, 1956 Pyrus communis (pear) Pratylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Pyrus sp. (pear) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Ranunculus acris (buttercup) Aphelenchoides rity.onabosi Dale, 1971c Ranunculus repens Aphelenchoides ritemabosia NZPPC (creeping buttercup) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Ranunculus sardous Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1977 (pale hairy crowfoot) Ranunculus sp. (buttercup) Apkelenchoides ritzemabosi Cottier, 1956 Raoulia hectori (cushion plant) Macroposthonia sp. Yeates, 1983 ParaOlenchus sp. Yeates, 1983 Radopholus nativus Yeates, 1983 Raphanus sativus (radish) Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marioni) b Cottier, 1956 Rheum rhaponticum () Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1977 Meloidogyne sp. ( =Heterodera marioni) b Cottier, 1956 Heterodera schachtii ~ NZPPC RAododendron sp. Paratrichidortts minor (=Trichodorus ch~tiei) Dale, 1972a Rhopalostylis excelsus (nikau palm) Helicotylenchus erythrinae Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Ribes nigrum (black currant) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Muggeridge and Cottier, 1937 (=Aphelenchoides ribes) Ribes sylvestre (red currant) Aphelenchoides ritzemaboxi Scott, 1976 Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Muggeridge and Cottier, 1937 (=Aphelenchoides ribes) Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Robinia pseudacacia Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Rosa sp. (rose) Meloidog3ne hapla Dale, 1971a Pratylenchus vulnus ~ NZPPC Pratylenchue sp. ~ NZPPC Rosemarinus officinalis (rosemary) Meloidog3ne sp? NZPPC Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c Rubus idaeus (raspberry) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c Criconema sp. a NZPPC Ditylenchus sp." NZPPC Pratylenchus penetrans Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus sp. Dale, 1972a Rubus ursinus (boysenberry- Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c loganberry) Pratylenchus vul.nus ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus sp. a NZPPC Rudbeckia sp. (cone flower) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Cotfier, 1956 Plant-parasitic Nematodes of New Zealand: Knight et al. 651

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record Rumex obtusifolius Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1972a (broad-leaved dock) Meloidogyne hapla Clark, 1963d Rumex sp. (dock) Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1972a Heterodera trifolii Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1971a Saintpaulia sp. (African violet) Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi~ NZPPC Meloidogyne incognita~ NZPPC Salix matsudana Meloidogyne javanica a NZPPC (corkscrew willow) Salix sp. (willow) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Sansevieria sp. Aphelenchoides fragariaea NZPPC Sarcocornia quinqueflm'a Helicotylenchus exallus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 (=Salicornia australis) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Parartylenchus halophilus¢ Wouts, 1966a Scabiosa sp. Meloidogyne sp. (= Heterodera marioni) Cottier, 1956 Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus sp2 NZPPC Scorzonera hispanica (black salsify) Meloidogyne hapla ~ NZPPC Secale cereale (/ryecorn) Blair and Morrison, 1949 Ditylenchus dipsaci Cotfier, 1956 Meloidogyne naasi Sheridan and Grbavac, 1979 Senecio jacobaea (ragwort) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Senecio petasitis (velvet gronndsel) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1982 Senecio vulgaris (grouncksel) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Cottier, 1956 Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia) Aphelenchoides fragariae Dale, 1972a Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Clark, 1963d aviculare (poroporo) Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Solanum melongena (egg plant) Meloidogyne incognita~ NZPPC Solanum muricatum (pepino) Meloidogyne incognita~ NZPPC Solanum nigrum Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1972a (black nightshade) Meloidogyne hapla Clark, 1963d Meloidogyne javanica a NZPPC Solanum physalifolium Meloidogyne incognita ~ NZPPC (hairy nightshade) Solanum turberosum (potato) Ditylenchus dipsaci (=Anguillulina dipsaci) Helson, 1952 Helicotyl~chu,~ pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Meloidogyne sp. (= Heterodera marioni) Helson, 1952 Meloidogyne hapla a NZPPC Meloidogyne incognita Cottier, 1956 (=Heterodera pallida) Wouts, 1976 (=Heterodera rostochiensis) Dale, 1972b Sonchus oleraceus (sowthistle) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Sophora microphylla (kowhai) Globodera zelandica Wouts, 1984 Spinacia oleracea (spinach) Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marionOb Cottier, 1956 (chickweed) Aphdenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1971b Meloidogyne sp. Dale, 1972a Strelitzia regina (bird of paradise) Aphelenchoidesfrag~riae ~ NZPPC Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) Heterodera trifolii Dale, 1972a Todea barbara Aphelenchaides fragariaea NZPPC Trifolium dubium (suckling clover) Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Trifolium pratense (red clover) Ditylenchus dipsaci Grandison, 1965 Heterodera trifolii Dale, 1972a Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus sp. Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus thornei Dale, 1972a 652 Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, Volume 29, No. 4S, December 1997

TABLE 1. Continued

Host association (common name) Nematode First record

Trifolium repens (white clover) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c Ditylenchus dipsaci Grandison, 1965 Helicotylenchus pseudarobustus Yeates, 1984 Heterodera trifolii Grandison, 1963 Meloidogyne hapla Dale, 1971a Meloidogyne sp. Clark, 1963d Parat~qchodorus minor Yeates and Presfidge, 1986 Paratylenchus projectus Wood, 1973a Pratylenchus spp. Skipp and Christensen, 1983 Trifolium subterraneum Meloidogyne hapla Yeates et al., 1973 (subterranean clover) Heterodera sp. a NZPPC TrifoIium sp. (clover) Ditylenchus dipsaci (=Tylenchus devastatrix) Kirk, 1908 Ditylenchus dipsaci (=Anguillulina dipsaci) Helson, 1952 Meloidogyne javanicaa NZPPC Tristania conferta (Brisbane box) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Boesewinkel, 1982 Triticum aestivum (wheat) Anguina tritici (= Tylenchus scandens) Kirk, 1899 Ditylenchus dipsaci (= Tylenchus devastatrix) Kirk, 1908 Helicotylenchus canadensis Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Heterodera avenue Grandison and Halliwell, 1975 Meloidogyne naasi Grbavac et al., 1979 Meloidogyne sp. ( =Heterodera marioni) Blair and Morrison, 1949 Paratylenchus nanus a NZPPC Pratylenchus crenatus Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus thornei Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus sp. ~ NZPPC Tulipa gesneriana (tulip) Ditflenchus dipsaci Dale, 1972a Longidorus elongatus a NZPPC Tulipa greigii (tulip) Xiphinema diversicaudatum a NZPPC Tulipa sp. (tulip) Ditylvnchus dipsaci (=Anguillulina dipasci) Cottier, 1956 Longidorus elongatus ~ NZPPC Ulex europaeus (gorse) Aphelenchoides sp. ~ J. W. Marshall, pers. comm. Ditylenchus dipsaci Hill and Gourlay, 1989 Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Ulmus sp. () Meloidog3ne arenaria Dale, 1972a Uncinia sp. Helicotylenchus minzi Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Vaccinium sp. (blueberry) Pratylenchus sp. a NZPPC Veronica sp. (speedwell) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Dale, 1971c Viburnum japonicum Melcridogyne hapla Dale, 1972a Viciafaba (broad bean) Ditylenchus dipsaci Dale, 1971b Vitis vinifera (grape) Aphelenchcrides sp. Dale, 1972a Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Macroposthonia xenoplax ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne hapla a NZPPC Meloidogyne incognita Dale, 1972a Pratylenchus crenatus a NZPPC Pratylm~chue sp. ~ NZPPC Tylenchus semipenetrans ~ NZPPC Xiphinema americanum Dale, 1971d ~inmannia racemosa (kamahi) Trichodarus cottieri Clark, 1963a Zantedeschia aethiopica (calla lily) Aphelenchoides fragariae ~ NZPPC Pratylenchus crenatus a NZPPC Zea mays (sweet corn/) Helicotflenchus sp. Yeates and Watson, 1989 Meloidogyne sp. (=Heterodera marioni) b Cottier, 1956 Pratylenchus sp. Yeates and Watson, 1989 Zinnia elegans (zinnia) Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Collier, 1956 Indicates new record. b Plant considered a poor host. c Indicates association found on offshore locale and not on the three main islands (North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island). Plant-parasitic Nematodes of New Zealand: Knight et al. 653

TABLE 2. Plant-parasitic nematodes known to be present in New Zealand but not associated with a specific host.

Host Nematode First record

Grasses Blandicephalanema serratum Mehta and Raski, 1971 Unknown Crossonema late~s b Mehta and Raski, 1971 Grass and willow Gracilacus straelo, i (=Procriconema straeleni) Raski, 1976 Native vegetation Hemicycliophora chathami (2 subspecies) b Yeates, 1978b Native vegetation Longidorus taniwha Clark, 1963c Conifer/broadleaf forest Longidorus orongorongensis Yeates et al., 1992 Unknown Nothocriconema raacilentum b Raski and Pinchot, 1976 Unknown Nothocrinconema spinicaudatum b Raski and Pincher, 1976 Host unconfirmed (oat) Paratylenchus minutus a NZPPC Host unconfirmed (iyegrass and brome) Paratylenchus tateae ~ NZPPC Grassed Egunjobi, 1968c Native forest Radopholus cavenessi Egunjobi, 1968b Native habitats Radopholus spp. (3 undescribed species) Sher, 1968 Grassed orchard Scutellonema sp. Egunjobi, 1968c Indicates new record. b Indicates association found on offshore locale and not on the three main islands (North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island).

For the purposes of this paper, "New Campbell Island, Auckland Islands, Bounty Zealand" is defined as the three main is- Islands, Antipodes Islands, and Kermadec Is- lands of North Island, South Island, and lands are grouped as "offshore records." Stewart Island, whereas Chatam Islands, New Zealand territories on continental Ant-

TABLE 3. Plant-parasitic nematodes from pastoral and grass species where the host is not specified.

Host Nematode First record

Grass (species unknown) Helicotylenchus lissocaudatus Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Hdicotylenchus vulgaris Wouts and Knight, 1993 Trichodc~rus primitivus a W.M. Wouts, pers. comm. Grasses (species unknown) Helicotylenchus erythrinae b Wouts and Yeates, 1994 Pasture: Lolium perenne/Trifolium ~Oens Aphelenchoides sp. Yeates, 1975 Cephalenchus sp. Yeates, 1978a Geocenaraus nanus Yeates, 1992 Helicotylenchus canadensis Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates, 1984 Helicotylenchus varicaudatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus sp. Yeates, 1975 Heterodera sp. Yeates, 1975 Macroposthonia sp. ~ NZPPC Meloidogyne sp. Yeates, 1975 Paratylenchus sp. Yeates, 1975 Paratrichodcrrus sp. Yeates, 1989 Pratylenchus sp. Yeates, 1975 Tylenchorhynchus sp. Yeates, 1975 Bitylenchus maximus Yeates, 1992 (= ) Truf (mixed species or species unknown) Helicotylenchus labiatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Helicotylenchus varicaudatus Yeates and Wouts, 1992 Paratylenchus projectus Yeates, 1980 Trichodo~'us sp. Yeates, 1980 a Indicates new record. u Indicates association found on offshore locate and not on the three main islands (North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island). 654 Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, Volume 29, No. 4S, December 1997 arctica and its outlying islands are not in- variability between populations of Xiphinema diversicau- cluded in this paper. datum (Nematoda Dorylaimoidea). Revue de N6ma- tologie 8:15-26. Caution should be exercised when inter- Canter-Visscher, T. W. 1969. The association of root- preting records for crops such as citrus, lesion nematodes with reduced growth of tobacco in pipfruit, and stonefruit, which may be the Nelson district. New Zealand Journal of Agricul- tural Research 12:423-426. grafted on root stocks of different species. In Clark, W.C. 1963a. A new species of Trichodorus most cases, records from the literature and (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Wesfland, New Zealand. from the NZPPC are based on the crop spe- New Zealand Journal of Science 6:414-417. cies and not the root stock, which is usually Clark, W. C. 1963b. A new species of Dolichodorus (Nematoda: ) from coastal dune sands. New unknown. Zealand Journal of Science 6:531-534. Nematode and host names are generally Clark, W. C. 1963c. A new species of Longidorus (Mi- those used by the author who published the col) (Dorylaimida, Nematoda). New Zealand Journal of original record. Where the nematode name Science 6:607-611. Clark, W. C. 1963d. Review of plant-parasitic nema- has been superseded, the name given in the todes in New Zealand. Pp. 91-95 in Proceedings in the reference cited has been relegated to a syn- Sixteenth Weed Control Conference; 23-26 July 1963, onym. Host names have been updated Wanganui, NZ. where enough information has been pro- Cottier, W. 1956. Plant-parasitic eelworms. Pp. 454- 465 inJ. D. Atkinson, E. E. Chamberlain, J. M. Dingley, vided to make a clear identification. W. D. Reid, R. M. Brien, W. Cottier, H.Jacks, and G. G. Readers are advised to consult the origi- Jacks, eds. Plant protection in New Zealand. Welling- nal reference to ensure the nematode-host ton, NZ: New Zealand Government Printer. relationship is sufficiently established for Dale, P.S. 1971a. Root knot nematodes. New Zea- land Journal of Agriculture 122:33--37. their purposes. Dale, P.S. 1971b. Stem and nematode. New This paper provides a list of the earliest Zealand Journal of Agriculture 122:37-38. references of plant-parasitic nematodes with Dale, P, S. 1971c. Foliar, root lesion, and other nema- their hosts in New Zealand. todes. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture 122:5961. Dale, P. S. 1971d. New records of nematode vectors of plant , New Zealand Entomologist 5:94-95. LITERATURE CITED Dale, P. S. 1972a. List of plant hosts of nematodes in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science 15:442- Anonymous. 1920. Eelworm in daffodils. New Zea- 448. land Fruit Grower 3:9. Dale, P. S. 1972b. Potato cyst nematode at Pukekohe. Anonymous. 1967. Interceptions in plant quarantine. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture 125:33-36. 37th Annual Plant Disease Survey. Sydney: New South Dale, P. S., H. M. Dance, H.J. Boesewinkel, and A. Wales Department of Agriculture. Nicholson. 1972. Research in the New Zealand Depart- Anonymous. 1995. Agriculture statistics 1993. Well- ment of Agriculture 1970--1. Wellington: New Zealand ington: Statistics New Zealand. Department of Agriculture. Barber, C.J. 1977. A nematode in garlic. New Dingley, J. M. 1969. Records of plant diseases in New Zealand Commercial Grower 32:11. Zealand. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Barber, C.J. 1979. Nematology. P. 5 in H.J. Industrial Research Bulletin 192. Boesewinkel, ed. Entomology Monthly Circular, MAF Egunjobi, O.A. 1968a. A comparison of Pratylenchus Auckland Plant Health and Diagnostic Station Monthly spp. (Nematoda) population densities in grass and Circular, February 1979. apple roots. New Zealand Journal of Agricultm-al Re- Barber, C.J. 1982. Beet cyst nematode. Biology, dam- search 11:142-148. age, and control. A new pest problem. Ag:Link: FPP95. Egunjobi, O.A. 1968b. Three new species of nema- Wellington: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. todes from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Sci- Blair, I.D., and L. Morrison. 1949. ~eat diseases ence 11:488-497. and pests. Department of Scientific and Indus- Egunjobi, O.A. 1968c. An ecological study of some trial Research Information Series No. 3. soil nematodes associated with apple in New Zea- BoesewJnkel, H.J. 1977. New plant disease records in land grassed orchard. New Zealand Journal of Agricul- New Zealand: Records in the period 1969-76. New tural Research 11:386-406. Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 20:583-589. Ferro, D. N. 1976. Pasture pests. Pp. 105-127 inD. N. Boesewinkel, H.J. 1980. Phytophthora hibernalis and Ferro, ed. New Zealand insect pests. Christchurch, NZ: Aphelenchoides ritzembosi on foliage of Aquilegia vulgaris in Lincoln University College of Agriculture. New Zealand. Australasian Plant Pathology 9:10-11. Foot, M. A., and F. H. Wood. 1982. Potato rot nema- Boesewinkel, H.J. 1982. A list of 142 new plant dis- tode, (Nematoda: ), ease recordings from New Zealand and short notes on infecting hops in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of three diseases. Australasian Plant Pathology 11:40-43. Experimental Agriculture 10:443-446. 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