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Ahnentafel of Geoffroy, Count de Nantes

--- 1st Generation ---

1. Geoffroy, Count1 de Nantes (Paul Augé, Nouveau Larousse Universel (13 à 21 Rue Montparnasse et Boulevard Raspail 114: Librairie Larousse, 1948).) (Paul Theroff, posts on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service, was a member as of 5 April 1994, at which time he held the identification MPSE79A, until July, 1996. His main source was Europaseische Stammtafeln, 07 July 1995 at 00:30 Hours.). AKA: Geoffroy VI, Comte d'. AKA: Geoffroy, Duke de Bretagne. AKA: Geoffroy VI, Comte du . Born: on 3 Jun 1134 at , Normandie, France, son of Geoffroy V, Count d'Anjou and Mathilde=Mahaut, Princess of (Information posted on the Internet, http://www.wikiwand.com/fr/Geoffroy_VI_d%27Anjou.). Note - between 1156 and 1158: Geoffroy became the Lord of Nantes (Brittany, France) in 1156, and II his brother claimed the overlordship of Brittany on Geoffrey's death in 1158 and overran it. Died: on 26 Jul 1158 at Nantes, Bretagne, France, at age 24 The death of Geoffroy d'Anjou, brother of King Henry II of England, greatly simplifies matters for the succession to the English Throne. After having separated Geoffroy from the Countship of Anjou, Henry had sent him to respond appropriatetly to a challenge against the ducal by the lords of Bretagne. Geoffroy had been recognized only by part of Bretagne, but that did not prevent King Henry [upon the death of Geoffroy] to claim the heritage of all of Bretagne, with the title of .

--- 2nd Generation ---

Coat of Arm associated with Geoffroy V, Comte d'Anjou.

2. Geoffroy V, Count2 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls, 147, 231.) (Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), Page 37, Line 53-28.) (Elizabeth M. Hallam, Capetian France: 987 - 1328 in ISBN: 0-582-48909-1 (Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman Group, Ltd., 1980).) (André Castelot, Alain Decaux, Marcel Jullian et J. Levron, Histoire de La France et des Français au Jour le Jour (Librairie Académique Perrin, 1976), Tome I, Pages 591 - 595; Tome 2, Page 41.). AKA: Geoffroy V Plantagenêt (P.D. Abbott, Provinces, Pays and Seigneuries of France in ISBN: 0-9593773-0-1 (Author at 266 Myrtleford, 3737, Australia: Priries Printers Pty. Ltd, Canberra A.C.T., Australia, November, 1981), Page 144.). AKA: Geoffroy V, Duke de Normandie. Also Known As: Geoffroi "Le Bel." AKA: Geoffroy, Comte du Maine (Abbott, Page 130.). Born: on 24 Nov 1113 at Anjou, France, son of Fouques V, King de Jérusalem and Éremburge, Countess du Maine, Weiss' Ancestral Roots for Certain American Colonists gives Geoffroy V's birthdate as 24 August 1113. Married on 3 Apr 1127 at LeMans, France: Mathilde=Mahaut, Princess of England,, daughter of Henry I, King of England and Mathilde=Edith of (This date for the marriage [3 April 1127] agrees more closely with the Larousse year of 1127 than Stuart's Royalty for Commoners which gives the marriage date as 17 June 1128. One of Perro's sources indicates that they were married 22 May 1127. The marriage of Mathilde to the inheritor of the Angevin Countship marks an expansion of the Plantagenêt Franco-English Empire) (Walter D., Jr. Perro, The Ancient, Royal, and Colonial America Ancestry of Walter D. Perro, Jr., Draft A. (n.p.: Self, 8-Feb-1995 at 16:17 Hours.), Page 2., Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.") (William Croft Dickinson, Scotland, from the earliest times to 1603. in A New , I (Alva, England: Robert Cunningham & Sons, Ltd., 1961), Page 75.). Note - between 1140 and 1143: Geoffroy V, Count d'Anjou was the first to bear the Plantagenêt name. This Plantagenêt occupied the throne of England from his son, Henry II to Henry VII (1154-1485). He was so named because it is said that he was in the habit of putting a twig of the Genêt [French] (Planta Genista [] bush -- a spiny shrub of the pea family, also known as broom plant) in his cap. For Étienne de Blois, who had become King of England upon the death of Henry I, Geoffroy V proceeds to conquer the southern portion of Normandie in 1139 by seizing the castles, but he does so at such a high degree of pillage that the people of Normandie would rebel and throw Geoffroy back into the Maine. Meantime, his wife Mathilde, would go to England, leaving Geoffroy in France. By 1140, Geoffrey's power in France was considerable, and he was emerging as a dangerous rival King Henry I himself. In 1141, Mathilde pursues the conquest of England, and at the , she completely unravels her cousin Stephen. Geoffroy V had gained as an ally the future Emperor Henry III, who married his wife's daughter Agnes in 1143. In 1144, after much fighting, Geoffroy takes and Rouen. Normandie submits to him. He is now one of the most powerful lords in France as Duke de Normandie, Comte d'Anjou and du Maine, while in England Mathilde gradually extends his powers. Later, Leo IX, hostile to the royal power over the French church, also supported Geoffrey, as did William Aigret, Duke of , whose mother Agnes, Geoffrey married. In the 14th. Century, the Plantagenêts split into two rival branches (the Yorks and the Lancasters) leading to the War of the Roses. The constant fighting between the capetian French kings and the Plantagenêts is a major feature of the French History of the . Note - between 13 Mar 1147 and 12 Aug 1149 at Holy Land: , many south Germans volunteered to crusade in the Holy Land. The north German Saxons were reluctant. They told St Bernard of their desire to campaign against the Slavs at a Reichstag meeting in Frankfurt on 13 March 1147. Approving of the Saxons' plan, Eugenius issued a papal bull known as the Divina dispensatione on 13 April. This bull stated that there was to be no difference between the spiritual rewards of the different crusaders. Those who volunteered to crusade against the Slavs were primarily Danes, Saxons, and Poles, although there were also some Bohemians. The Papal legate, Anselm of Havelberg, was placed in overall command. The campaign itself was led by Saxon families such as the Ascanians, Wettin, and Schauenburgers. Upset by German participation in the crusade, the Obotrites preemptively invaded Wagria in June 1147, leading to the march of the crusaders in late summer 1147. After expelling the Obodrites from Christian territory, the crusaders targeted the Obodrite fort at Dobin and the Liutizian fort at Demmin. The forces attacking Dobin included those of the Danes Canute V and Sweyn III, Adalbert II, Archbishop of Bremen, and Duke Henry the of Saxony. When some crusaders advocated ravaging the countryside, others objected by asking, "Is not the land we are devastating our land, and the people we are fighting our people?" The Saxon army under withdrew after the pagan chief, Niklot, agreed to have Dobin's garrison undergo baptism. After an unsuccessful siege of Demmin, a contingent of crusaders was diverted by the margraves to attack Pomerania instead. They reached the already Christian city Stettin, whereupon the crusaders dispersed after meeting with Bishop Albert of Pomerania and Prince Ratibor I of Pomerania. According to , the goal of the crusade was to battle the pagan Slavs "until such a time as, by God's help, they shall either be converted or deleted". However, the crusade failed to achieve the conversion of most of the Wends. The Saxons achieved largely token conversions at Dobin, as the Slavs resorted to their pagan beliefs once the Christian armies dispersed. Albert of Pomerania explained, "If they had come to strengthen the Christian faith ... they should do so be preaching, not by arms". By the end of the crusade, the countryside of Mecklenburg and Pomerania was plundered and depopulated with much bloodshed, especially by the troops of Henry the Lion. This was to help bring about more Christian victories in the future decades. The Slavic inhabitants also lost much of their methods of production, limiting their resistance in the future. In the spring of 1147, the Pope authorized the expansion of the crusade into the Iberian peninsula, in the context of the Reconquista. He also authorized Alfonso VII of León to equate his campaigns against the Moors with the rest of the . The first groups to depart on the Second Crusade were Anglo-Norman and Flemish sailors and troops who left Dartmouth on May 19, 1147 for the Holy Land. Bad weather forced the ships to stop on the Portuguese coast, at the northern city of Porto on 16 June 1147. . Their goal was to conquer a number of position on the west coast of Iberia, among them the city of Lisbon. There they were convinced to meet with King Afonso I of Portugal. The crusaders agreed to help the King attack Lisbon, with a solemn agreement that offered to them the pillage of the city's goods and the ransom money for expected prisoners. Affonso I of Portugal was already in the field there when the Anglo-Norman troops landed on the beaches in June 1147. An account of the expedition survives, written by Osbernus. “The city of Lisbon at the time of our arrival consisted of sixty thousand families paying taxes-this figure includes the suburbs round about, except the free ones, which pay taxes to no one. A circular wall there surrounds the top of the hill and, at the left and right, the city walls descend to the banks of the Tagus River. The suburbs, down below the city wall, are cut into the banks of the river in such a way that each of them has a superbly fortified citadel. The place is girded with pitfalls. The city was populous beyond belief, for, as we learned from its alcayde, or governor, after the capture of the city, it had one hundred fifty-four thousand men, not counting women and children, but including the citizens of Scantarem who had been expelled during this year from their stronghold and who were living in Lisbon as guests and immigrants. This number also included the leading citizens of Cintra, Almada, and Palmela, and many merchants from all parts of Spain and Africa. Although there were many citizens, the city had only fifteen thousand lances and shields with which to arm its men. They therefore came out in shifts, exchanging their weapons with one another, as their prince decreed. The city's buildings were jammed so closely together that it was scarcely possible, save in the merchants' quarters, to find a street more than eight feet wide. The reason for such a dense population was that there was no established religion there. Each man was a unto himself. As a result the basest element from every part of the world had gathered there, like the bilge water of a ship, a breeding ground for every kind of lust and impurity . On the vigil of St. Peter the Apostle [30 June 1147] we arrived there at the dinner hour. After the meal some of our men landed from the ships on the shore next to the city. The Moors opposed their landing, but they were unable to withstand our forces and were driven back, not without losses, to the gate of the suburb. Saher of Archelle, however, angered at the enemy's scheme, called our men back from the attack and thanked God that, unlike those who had previously attempted this task, we had had a different experience at the outset. He convoked those who were there and ordered that the tents be pitched atop the hills which overlooked the town, barely a stick's throw away. He held that it would be a shame to give ground after the first brush with the enemy, lest we seem to be yielding to them. All those present favored his stand. When the first watch of the night came, however, only two tents - those of Hervey of Glanville and Saher of Archelle - had been pitched, for all the others had gone back to the ships. Although there were but a few of us - a mere thirty-nine -we kept watch, not without fear, through the night and so celebrated the solemn vigil of St. Peter with our hauberks on. In the morning everyone pitched his tent as quickly as he could, as if they had not known before about our situation. As bad previously been arranged, the bishops who were with us went to the King to make him come out to meet us. They returned with him in a short time, since he had been in the vicinity for more than eight days awaiting our arrival. He had heard of our coming from those of our men who had separated from our expedition and had come in five ships after a five-day sail from Dartmouth. This group had arrived eight days earlier than we did. When the King arrived, therefore, almost all of us, rich and poor, went out to meet him as usually happens in such a mob. When the King inquired who were the chief men among us, or whose advice carried most weight with us, or if we had entrusted the charge of replying for the whole army to anyone, he was told in short order that we had so-and-so as our chief men, that their advice and actions carried the most weight, but that they had not yet decided to whom they would entrust the office of spokesman.... Representatives were elected from among our leaders, together with those of the men from Cologne and , so that they could act on our behalf with the King and reach a definite agreement between us and him. Later, the representatives together with the King, the Archbishop and the bishops, the clergy, and the laity caused the protocol of the confirmation of the agreements to be published before everyone in these words: Twenty sure hostages, bishops and laymen, were given on oath and warranty, on behalf of the King for the observance of this agreement. The King swore, moreover, that he would observe the treaty and agreement aforesaid. He further agreed that he would not desert us unless he were stricken with a mortal sickness or unless his lands were occupied by the enemy. . . . We also bound ourselves likewise to uphold the agreement, took an oath, and gave twenty hostages.... When morning came the constables and leaders of our side went again to the King's court at about the ninth hour of the day in order to turn over the hostages and to attend to the many things necessary for the siege. Those of our boys who were carrying slings, meanwhile, provoked the enemy into advancing onto the field with the result that, being the more provoked by the slinging of stones from a distance, the enemy ventured a major attack. As our men, little by little, armed themselves, the enemy shut themselves within the suburb. They threw stones from the roofs of the houses which were enclosed by parapets, and thus they made it difficult for our men to enter. Our men, who were looking for an opening whereby they might get in, if there were such a thing, drove them back into the middle of the suburb. There they put up a strong resistance to us. Our men, little by little, increased in numbers and made a fiercer attack. Many, meanwhile, were struck by arrows and the missiles of the balistas and fell, for the volley of stones made it impossible to approach closer. Thus a great part of the day was spent. Finally, at sunset, our men got through some twisting passages which were scarcely passable even for unarmed men and, after a major encounter, occupied part of a hill.... The Moors , meanwhile, made frequent sorties against our men by day because they held three gates against us. With two of these gates on the side of the city and one on the sea, they bad an easy way to get in and out. On the other hand, it was difficult for our men to organize themselves. The sorties caused casualties on both sides, but theirs were always greater than ours. While we kept watch, meanwhile, under their walls through the days and nights, they heaped derision and many insults upon us. They considered us worthy of a thousand deaths, especially since they thought that we spurned our own things as vile and lusted after others' goods as precious. Nor did they recall doing us any injury, save that if they had anything of the best quality in their possession we might consider them unworthy of having it and judge it worthy of our possession. They taunted us with the many children who were going to be born at home while we were gone and said that our wives would not be anxious about our deaths, since home was well supplied with little bastards. They promised that any of us who survived would go home miserable and poverty-stricken and they mocked us and gnashed their teeth at us. They also continuously attacked Blessed Mary, the mother of God, with insults and with vile and abusive words, which infuriated us. They said that we venerated the son of a poor woman with a worship equal to that due to God, for we held that he was a God and the Son of God, when it is apparent that there is only one God who began all things that have begun and that he has no one coeval with him and no partaker in his divinity.... They attacked us with these and similar calumnies. They showed to us, moreover, with much derision the symbol of the cross. They spat upon it and wiped the feces from their posteriors with it. At last they urinated on it, as on some despicable thing, and threw our cross at us.... [Finally, after the siege had lasted for nearly seventeen weeks, on 23 October 1147 we] decided, when all had returned to the camp, to enter the town at sword's point. The men of Cologne and the Flemings, meanwhile, were indignant because the King seemed to be favoring the hostages. They rushed armed out of their camp to sieze the hostages violently from the King's camp and to take vengeance on them. All around there was tumult and clashing of arms. We were midway between the King's camp and theirs, still talking and waiting, and we reported to the King what was being prepared, The Flemings' leaders, Christian and the Count of Aerschot, although they were barely armed, put a stop to the tumult among their men as soon as they learned of it. When the tumult had been quieted they went to pacify the King, assuring him that they were not involved in this action. After he had taken surety from them and had finally quieted the Flemings down, the King ordered them to put down their arms, asserting roundly that he would put off the siege until the next day. It was decided, therefore, on the following day that all the followers of each of our leaders would swear fealty to the King on behalf of themselves and their people, to be kept so long as they remained in his land. When these matters had been agreed upon by both sides, the arrangements which the Moors had proposed on the previous day for the delivery of the city, were accepted. It was decided among us that one hundred and forty of our armed men and one hundred and sixty of the Flemish and the Cologne contingents should enter the city before everyone else and peacefully take over the fortifications of the upper fortress so that the enemy might bring all of their money and possessions there and give a guarantee by swearing before our men. When all these things had been collected, the city was then to be searched by our men. If any further possessions were found, the man in whose house they were discovered was to pay for it with his head. When everyone had thus been despoiled, they were to be let go in peace outside of the city. When the gates had been opened and those who were chosen were allowed to enter, the men of Cologne and the Flemings thought up a sly method of deceiving us: they requested our men to allow them to enter first for the sake of their honor. When they had received permission and got a chance to enter first, they slipped in more than two hundred of their men, in addition to those who had been selected. These were also in addition to others who had already slipped through the ruined places in the walls which lay open to them, while none of our men, except those selected, had presumed to enter. The Archbishop and the other bishops went in front of us with the Lord's cross and then our leaders entered together with the King and those who had been selected. How everyone rejoiced! What special glory for all! What great joy and what a great abundance there was of pious tears when, to the praise and honor of God and of the most Holy Virgin Mary the saving cross was placed atop the highest tower to be seen by all as a symbol of the city's subjection, while the Archbishop and bishops, together with the clergy and everyone, intoned with wonderful rejoicing the Te Deum, Laudamus and the Asperges me, together with devout prayers. The King, meanwhile, went around the strong walls of the fortress on foot. The men of Cologne and the Flemings, when they saw in the city so many spurs to their greed, did not observe their oaths or their religious guarantees. They ran hither and yon. They plundered. They broke down doors. They rummaged through the interior of every house. They drove the citizens away and harassed thern improperly and unjustly. They destroyed clothes and utensils. They treated virgins shamefully. They acted as if right and wrong were the same. They secretly took away everything which should have been common property. They even cut the throat of the elderly Bishop of the city, slaying him against all right and . . . . The and the English, however, for whom faith and religion were of the greatest importance, contemplating what such actions might lead to, remained quietly in their assigned position, preferring to stay their hands from looting rather than to violate the obligations of their faith and their oathbound association. This affair covered the Count of Aerschot, Christian, and their leaders with very great shame, for while their men had patently disregarded their oath, ours, by staying out of it, made the greed of the others plain. Finally they came to themselves and besought our men with earnest prayers that we should occupy the remaining sections of the city together with them so that, after the loot had been divided, all the injuries and thefts might be discussed peacefully and they would be prepared to make amends for the evils they had presumed to commit. The enemy, when they had been despoiled in the city, left the town through three gates continuously from Saturday morning until the following Wednesday., There was such a multitude of people that it seemed as if all of Spain were mingled in the crowd. Thereafter a miracle worthy of great admiration was reported: for fifteen days before the capture of the city, the enemy's food supplies bad become inedible because of an intolerable stench. Afterward we tasted them and found them pleasing and acceptable, both to us and to the enemy. When the city was despoiled, there was found in the cellars some eight thousand seams" of wheat and barley and some twelve thousand pints9 of oil. . . . There was discovered in their temple, which rises on seven ranks of columns with arches atop them, nearly two hundred corpses as well as more than eight hundred other people who were sick and remained there in all their squalor and filth.” The lasted from 1 July to 25 October 1147 when, after four months, the Moorish rulers agreed to surrender, primarily due to hunger within the city. Most of the crusaders settled in the newly captured city, but some of them set sail and continued to the Holy Land. Some of them, who had departed earlier, helped capture Santarém earlier in the same year. Later they also helped to conquer Sintra, Almada, Palmela and Setúbal, and were allowed to stay in the conquered lands, where they had offspring. Elsewhere on the Iberian Peninsula at almost at the same time, Alfonso VII of León, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of , and others led a mixed army of Catalan and French crusaders against the rich port city of Almería. With support from a Genoese-Pisan navy, the city was occupied in October 1147. Ramon Berenger then invaded the lands of the Almoravid taifa kingdom of Valencia and Murcia. In December 1148, he captured Tortosa after a five-month siege again with the help of French and Genoese crusaders. The next year, Fraga, Lleida and Mequinenza in the confluence of the Segre and Ebro rivers fell to his army. Joscelin tried to take back Edessa following Zengi's murder, but Nur ad-Din defeated him in November 1146. On 16 February 1147 the French crusaders met at Étampes to discuss their route. The Germans had already decided to travel overland through Hungary, as the sea route was politically impractical because Roger II, King of Sicily, was an enemy of Conrad. Many of the French nobles distrusted the land route, which would take them through the Byzantine Empire, the reputation of which still suffered from the accounts of the First Crusaders. Nevertheless it was decided to follow Conrad, and to set out on 15 June. Roger II was offended and refused to participate any longer. In France, Abbot Suger and Count William II of Nevers were elected as regents while the king would be on crusade. In Germany, further preaching was done by Adam of Ebrach, and Otto of Freising also took the cross. On 13 March, 1147, at Frankfurt, Conrad’s son Frederick was elected king, under the regency of Henry, Archbishop of Mainz. Five years later Conrad III designated his nephew, Friedrich Barbarossa, as his successor. The Germans planned to set out at , but did not leave until May. The German crusaders, accompanied by the papal legate and cardinal Theodwin, intended to meet the French in Constantinople. Ottokar III of Styria joined Conrad at Vienna, and Conrad's enemy Geza II of Hungary allowed them to pass through unharmed. When the German army of 20,000 men arrived in Byzantine territory, Manuel feared they were going to attack him, and Byzantine troops were posted to ensure that there was no trouble. There was a brief skirmish with some of the more unruly Germans near Philippopolis and in Adrianople, where the Byzantine general Prosouch fought with Conrad’s nephew, the future emperor Frederick. To make things worse, some of the German soldiers were killed in a flood at the beginning of September. On 10 September, however, they arrived at Constantinople, where relations with Manuel were poor and the Germans were convinced to cross into Asia Minor as quickly as possible. Manuel wanted Conrad to leave some of his troops behind, to assist in defending against attacks from Roger II, who had taken the opportunity to plunder the cities of Greece, but Conrad did not agree, despite being a fellow enemy of Roger. In Asia Minor, Conrad decided not to wait for the French, and marched towards Iconium, capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rüm. Conrad split his army into two divisions. The king led one of these, which was almost totally destroyed by the Seljuks on 25 October 1147 at the second battle of Dorylaeum. In battle, the Turks used their typical tactic of pretending to retreat, and then returning to attack the small force of German cavalry which had separated from the main army to chase them. Conrad began a slow retreat back to Constantinople, and his army was harassed daily by the Turks, who attacked stragglers and defeated the rearguard. Even Conrad was wounded in a skirmish with them. The other division, led by the King's half-brother, Bishop Otto of Freising, had marched south to the Mediterranean coast and was similarly defeated early in 1148. The French crusaders had departed from Metz in June 1147, led by Louis, Thierry of Alsace, Renaut I of Bar, Amadeus III of Savoy and his half-brother William V of Montferrat, William VII of Auvergne, and others, along with armies from Lorraine, Brittany, Burgundy, and Aquitaine. A force from Provence, led by Alphonse of , chose to wait until August, and to cross by sea. At Worms, Louis joined with crusaders from and England. They followed Conrad’s route fairly peacefully, although Louis came into conflict with Geza of Hungary when Geza discovered Louis had allowed an attempted Hungarian usurper to join his army. Relations within Byzantine territory were also poor, and the Lorrainers, who had marched ahead of the rest of the French, also came into conflict with the slower Germans whom they met on the way. Since the original negotiations between Louis and Manuel, Manuel had broken off his military campaign against the Sultanate of Rüm, signing a truce with his enemy Sultan Mesud I. This was done so that Manuel would be free to concentrate on defending his empire from the Crusaders, who had gained a reputation for theft and treachery since the First Crusade and were widely suspected of harboring sinister designs on Constantinople. Nevertheless, Manuel's relations with the French army were somewhat better than with the Germans, and Louis was entertained lavishly in Constantinople. Some of the French were outraged by Manuel's truce with the Seljuks and called for an alliance with Roger II and an attack on Constantinople, but they were restrained by Louis. When the armies from Savoy, Auvergne, and Montferrat joined Louis in Constantinople, having taken the land route through Italy and crossing from Brindisi to Durazzo, the entire army was shipped across the Bosporus to Asia Minor. The Greeks were encouraged by rumours that the Germans had captured Iconium, but Manuel refused to give Louis any Byzantine troops. Byzantium had just been invaded by Roger II of Sicily, and all of Manuel's army was needed in the Balkans. Both the Germans and French therefore entered Asia without any Byzantine assistance, unlike the armies of the First Crusade. In the tradition set by his grandfather Alexios I, Manuel also had the French swear to return to the Empire any territory they captured. The French met the remnants of Conrad's army at Nicaea, and Conrad joined Louis' force. They followed Otto of Freising's route, moving closer to the Mediterranean coast, and they arrived at Ephesus in December, where they learned that the Turks were preparing to attack them. Manuel also sent ambassadors complaining about the pillaging and plundering that Louis had done along the way, and there was no guarantee that the Byzantines would assist them against the Turks. Meanwhile Conrad fell sick and returned to Constantinople, where Manuel attended to him personally, and Louis, paying no attention to the warnings of a Turkish attack, marched out from Ephesus with the French and German survivors. The Turks were indeed waiting to attack, but in a small battle outside Ephesus, the French were victorious. They reached Laodicea early in January 1148, around the same time Otto of Freising’s army had been destroyed in the same area. Resuming the march, the vanguard under Amadeus of Savoy became separated from the rest of the army, and Louis’ troops were routed by the Turks. Louis himself, according to Odo of Deuil, climbed a rock and was ignored by the Turks, who did not recognize him. The Turks did not bother to attack further and the French marched on to Adalia, continually harassed from afar by the Turks, who had also burned the land to prevent the French from replenishing their food, both for themselves and their horses. Louis no longer wanted to continue by land, and it was decided to gather a fleet at Adalia and sail for Antioch. After being delayed for a month by storms, most of the promised ships did not arrive at all. Louis and his associates claimed the ships for themselves, while the rest of the army had to resume the long march to Antioch. The army was almost entirely destroyed, either by the Turks/Saracens or by sickness. Louis eventually arrived in Antioch on 19 March 1148 after being delayed by storms, Amadeus of Savoy had died on Cyprus along the way. Louis was welcomed by ’s uncle Raymond of . Raymond expected him to help defend against the Turks and to accompany him on an expedition against Aleppo, but Louis refused, preferring instead to finish his pilgrimage to rather than focus on the military aspect of the crusade. Eleanor enjoyed her stay, but her uncle wanted her to remain behind and divorce Louis if the king refused to help him. Louis quickly left Antioch for Tripoli. Meanwhile, Otto of Freising and the remnant of his troops arrived in Jerusalem early in April, and Conrad soon after. Fulk, Patriarch of Jerusalem, was sent to invite Louis to join them. The fleet that had stopped at Lisbon arrived around this time, as well as the Provençals who had left Europe under the command of Alfonso Jordan, . Alphonso himself did not make it to Jerusalem as he died at Caesarea. He was supposedly poisoned either by or Raymond II of Tripoli, the nephew who feared his political aspirations in the county. The original focus of the crusade was Edessa, but the preferred target of King Baldwin III and the Knights Templar was Damascus. The nobility of Jerusalem welcomed the arrival of troops from Europe, and it was announced that a council should meet to decide on the best target for the crusaders. This took place on 24 June 1148, when the High Court of Jerusalem met with the recently-arrived crusaders from Europe at Palmarea, near Acre, a major city of the crusader . This was the most spectacular meeting of the Court in its existence. Notably, no one from Antioch, Tripoli, or the former County of Edessa attended. Both Louis and Conrad were persuaded to attack Damascus. Some of the native to Jerusalem pointed out that it would be unwise to attack Damascus, as the Burid dynasty, though Muslim, were their allies against the Zengid dynasty. Conrad, Louis, and Baldwin insisted, Damascus was a holy city for Christianity. Like Jerusalem and Antioch, it would be a noteworthy prize in the eyes of European Christians. In July their armies assembled at Tiberias and marched to Damascus, around the Sea of Galilee by way of Banyas. There were perhaps 50,000 troops in total. The crusaders decided to attack Damascus from the west, where orchards would provide them with a constant food supply. They arrived at Daraiya on 23 July 1148. The following day, the Muslims were prepared for the attack and constantly attacked the army advancing through the orchards outside Damascus. The defenders had sought help from Saif ad-Din Ghazi I of Aleppo and Nur ad-Din of Mosul, who personally led an attack on the crusader camp. The crusaders were pushed back from the walls into the orchards, where they were prone to ambushes and guerrilla attacks. According to William of Tyre, on 27 July 1148 the crusaders decided to move to the plain on the eastern side of the city, which was less heavily fortified but had much less food and water. It was recorded by some that Unur had bribed the leaders to move to a less defensible position, and that Unur had promised to break off his alliance with Nur ad-Din if the crusaders went home. Meanwhile Nur ad-Din and Saif ad-Din had by now arrived. With Nur ad-Din in the field it was impossible to return to their better position. The local crusader lords refused to carry on with the siege, and the three kings had no choice but to abandon the city. First Conrad, then the rest of the army, decided to retreat back to Jerusalem on 28 July 1148, though for their entire retreat they were followed by Turkish archers who constantly harassed them. Each of the Christian forces felt betrayed by the other. A new plan was made to attack Ascalon and Conrad took his troops there, but no further help arrived, due to the lack of trust that had resulted from the failed siege. This mutual distrust would linger for a generation due to the defeat, to the ruin of the Christian kingdoms in the Holy Land. After quitting Ascalon, Conrad returned to Constantinople to further his alliance with Manuel. Louis remained behind in Jerusalem until 1149. Back in Europe, Bernard of Clairvaux was humiliated by the defeat. Bernard considered it his duty to send an apology to the Pope and it is inserted in the second part of his Book of Consideration. There he explains how the sins of the crusaders were the cause of their misfortune and failures. When his attempt to call a new crusade failed, he tried to disassociate himself from the fiasco of the Second Crusade altogether. He would die in 1153. The Wendish Crusade achieved mixed results. While the Saxons affirmed their possession of Wagria and Polabia, pagans retained control of the Obodrite land east of Lübeck. The Saxons also received tribute from Chief Niklot, enabled the colonization of the Bishopric of Havelberg, and freed some Danish prisoners. However, the disparate Christian leaders regarded their counterparts with suspicion and accused each other of sabotaging the campaign. In Iberia, the campaigns in Spain, along with the siege of Lisbon, were some of the few Christian victories of the Second Crusade. They are seen as pivotal battles of the wider Reconquista, which would be completed in 1492. In the East the situation was much darker for the Christians. In the Holy Land, the Second Crusade had disastrous long-term consequences for Jerusalem. Damascus no longer trusted the crusader kingdom, and the city was handed over to Nur ad-Din in 1154. Baldwin III finally seized Ascalon in 1153, which brought Egypt into the sphere of conflict. Jerusalem was able to make further advances into Egypt, briefly occupying Cairo in the . One of the few leaders of Western Europe who refused to be daunted by the failure of the Crusade was St. Bernard of Clairvaux, against whom was vented so much of the bitterness over the failure of the Crusade. Shortly after the outcome of the Crusade became known in the West, St. Bernard wrote a defiant apologia, defending the role he had played in preaching and organizing the recent expedition. Despite St. Bernard's courageous resignation, the results of the Crusade were indeed ominous. The Second Crusade had embittered large numbers of Western Europeans against the whole notion of Crusading, and thereby both the Papacy and the West as a whole suffered a setback. The Second Crusade, in fact, was destined to be the last Crusade in which the armies were accompanied by large groups of pilgrims and other noncombatants. Henceforth, the were to become more strictly military expeditions, whose objectives were limited, military ones. Even more important, perhaps, was the deterioration of relationships between Byzantium and the Crusaders and between the princes of the West and the rulers of the Latin states in the East. Most important of all, in the final analysis, was the effect of the Second Crusade upon the Moslems. The failure of the Crusade to achieve any victories whatever in the East emboldened Moslem military leaders, destroyed the myth of Western prowess in arms, and was to be responsible, at least in part, for causing the Moslem states of the East to draw closer together, to unite for further attacks upon the Latin states. The First Crusade had succeeded in achieving its objectives and it bad been possible to found Latin states in the East largely because the Moslems had been divided against one another and had thus been almost completely unable to cooperate effectively to stave off their Western foes. The end of the Second Crusade saw the Moslems preparing to unite, for the first time, against the Latin intruders in their midst, while the , for their part, were divided sharply against one another. The portents for the future of the Latin East were dark in 1148, but no one then could have foreseen the manner in which these portents were to be fulfilled. “I remember, most Holy Father Eugene, My promises [to complete the treatise De Consideratione] made to you long ago, and at long last I shall acquit myself. The delay, were I aware that it proceeded from carelessness or contempt, should cause me shame. It is not thus, however. As you know, we have fallen upon grave times, which seemed about to bring to an end not only my studies but my very life, for the Lord, provoked by our sins, gave the appearance of having judged the world prematurely, [1Cor: 4:5] with justice, indeed, but forgetful of his mercy." He spared neither his people nor his name. Do not the heathen say: "Where is their God?" Nor do I wonder, for the sons of the Church, those who bear the label, "Christian," have been laid low in the desert and have either been slain by the sword or consumed by famine.... We said "Peace, and there is no peace"; we promised good things, "and behold, trouble.",' It might seem, in fact, that we acted rashly in this affair [i.e. The Second Crusade] or had "used lightness.[2 Cor 1:17] But, "I did not run my course like a man in doubt of his goal," [1 Cor 9:26] for I acted on your orders, or rather on God's orders given through you. . . . The judgments of the Lord are true indeed. Who does not know that? This judgment, however, "is a great deep," [Ps. 32:7] so much so, that it seems to me not unwarranted to call him blessed who is not scandalized thereat. " How, then, does human rashness dare reprove what it can scarcely understand? Let us put down some judgments from on high, which are "from everlasting, " for there may, perhaps, be consolation in them. . . . I speak of a matter which is unknown to no one, but of which no one now seems to be aware. Such is the human heart, indeed, that what we know when we need it not, is lost to us when it is required. When Moses was going to lead the people out of the land of Egypt, he promised them a better land. Otherwise, would that people, who knew only earthly things, ever have followed him? He led them away-but he did not lead them into the land which he had promised them. The sad and unexpected outcome, however, cannot be laid to the rashness of the leader, for he did everything at the Lord's command, with "the Lord aiding them and attesting his word by the miracles that went with them." [Mark 16:20] But, you may say, they were a stiff-necked race '20 forever contending against the Lord and Moses his servant. Very well, they were rebellious and unbelieving; but what about these other people? [i.e. The Crusaders] Ask them. Why should it be my task to speak of what they have done? One thing I shall say: How could they make progress when they were always looking backward as they walked? Was there a time in the whole journey when they were not in their hearts returning to Egypt? But if the were vanquished and "perished because their iniquity," is it any wonder that those who did likewise suffered a similar fate? Would anyone say that the fate of the former was contrary to God's promise? Neither, therefore, was the fate of the latter.... These few things have been said by way of apology, so that your conscience may have something from me, whereby you can hold yourself and me excused, if not in the eyes of those who judge causes from their results, then at least in your own eyes. The perfect and final apology for any man is the testimony of his own conscience. As for myself, I take it to be a small matter to be judged by those "who call evil good, and good evil, whose darkness is light, whose light darkness." [Is. 5:20] If one or the other must be done, I would rather that men murmur against us than against God. It would be well for me if he deigns to use me for his shield. . . . I shall not refuse to be made ignominious, so long as God's glory is not attacked.”. Died: on 7 Sep 1151 at Château du Loir, Eure-et-Loir, France, at age 37.

3. Mathilde=Mahaut, Princess of2 England (André Roux: Scrolls, 147, 166, 231.) (Hallam.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 89-28.) (Abbott, Page 220.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 75.). Married Name: d'Anjou. Married Name: Germany. AKA: Matilda, Empress of Germany. Married Name: de Bretagne. Born Illeg.: on 7 Feb 1102 at England -, daughter of Henry I, King of England and Mathilde=Edith of Scotland, - (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 2., Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales."). Note - between 1114 and 1154: Mathilde inherited the throne of England from her father Henry I, and joined it to the Plantagenêts beginning a 300-year dynasty. Prior to that, she was empress and Queen of Germany (being the widow [1125] of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor of Germany whom she had married in 1114). But on Henri I's death, her cousin Stephen was proclaimed king and she went to war against him for years. In 1148, she returned to Normandie, France. In 1154, her son Geoffroy was to take over the English throne. Mathilde was declared heiress - presumptive of the Throne of England in 1126. Married on 7 Jan 1114: Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor of Germany,, son of Henry IV, Emperor of the West and Berthe de Maurienne (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 75.). Married on 3 Apr 1127 at LeMans, France: Geoffroy V, Count d'Anjou,, son of Fouques V, King de Jérusalem and Éremburge, Countess du Maine (This date for the marriage [3 April 1127] agrees more closely with the Larousse year of 1127 than Stuart's Royalty for Commoners which gives the marriage date as 17 June 1128. One of Perro's sources indicates that they were married 22 May 1127. The marriage of Mathilde to the inheritor of the Angevin Countship marks an expansion of the Plantagenêt Franco-English Empire) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 2., Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.") (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 75.). Died: on 10 Sep 1169 at Rouen, Seine-Inférieure, Normandie, France, at age 67 Ross indicates that Mahaut died in 1167 (von Redlich, Marcellus Donald R., Pedigrees and Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants in ISBN: 0-8063-0494-4 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1996), Page 184.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 2., Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.") (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland; 460 Park Avenue South, New , NY 10016: Facts on File, Inc., 1990,DA758.2.R67 1990), Page 68.).

--- 3rd Generation ---

4. Fouques V, King3 de Jérusalem (André Roux: Scrolls, 147, 241.) (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Jeune." Born: in 1092 at France, son of Fouques IV, Count d'Anjou and Bertrade de Montfort. Married between 14 Apr 1108 and 11 Jul 1110: Éremburge, Countess du Maine,, daughter of Hélie, Seigneur de La Flèche and Mathilde, Dame de Château-du-Loir (Some sources indicate that Éremburge and Fouques V were married before 14 April 1109, while others claim they were married in 11 July 1110) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 2., Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales."). AKA: Foulques V, Comte du Maine (Citing: Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy: et des anciens Barons du Royaume, Collection H&G, (édition originale 1726-1733 et suppplément de Potier de Courcy en 12 volumes), n.d.). AKA: Fouques V, Count d'Anjou Fouques V spent much of his time trying to submit his vassals. In 1129, being widowed of Ermentrude, heiress du Maine, he was chosen to marry Mélisende, daughter of Baudouin II, King de Jérusalem. That same year, he handed over Anjou and Maine to his son, Geoffroy Plantagenêt. Fouques became King de Jérusalem, where he was succeeded by his sons of the second marriage (Ibid.) (Abbott, Page 144.). AKA: Foulques V, Comte de (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Note - between 1128 and 1131: On 2 June 1128, the envoys of King Baudouin II of Jerusalem are sent to ask King Louis VI "Le Gros" de France, to name a prince, who by marrying the only daughter of their King, would one day reign on the Kingdom of Christ. King Louis VI named Foulques V. Fouques V became in 1131. Married on 2 Jun 1129: Mélisende de Rethel,, daughter of Baudouin II, King de Jérusalem and Malfia = Moraphia de Mélitène (Mélisende was Fouques V's second wife. By his marriage to Mélisende, Fouques V became King of Jerusalem). Buried: in 1143 at Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, Holy Land. Died: on 10 Nov 1143 at Saint-Jean-d'Acre, Palestine, Holy Land, Fouques V is buried at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem.

5. Éremburge, Countess3 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 147, 241.) (Stuart, Page 223, Line 313-29.) (Abbott, Page 130.). AKA: Ermentrude, Dame de Château-du-Loir (Abbott, Page 134.). Married Name: de Jérusalem. AKA: Éremburge de Mans. Born: circa 1096 at Maine, France, daughter of Hélie, Seigneur de La Flèche and Mathilde, Dame de Château-du-Loir. Married between 14 Apr 1108 and 11 Jul 1110: Fouques V, King de Jérusalem,, son of Fouques IV, Count d'Anjou and Bertrade de Montfort (Some sources indicate that Éremburge and Fouques V were married before 14 April 1109, while others claim they were married in 11 July 1110) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 2., Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales."). Note - in 1110: Éremburge was the heiress of Maine. Died: on 15 Jan 1126.

6. Henry I, King of3 England (Stuart, Page 68, Line 89-29.) (Augé.) (Hallam.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 231.) (Castelot, Tome I, Pages 505 - 542.) (Abbott, Page 219.). Also Known As: Henri "Beau-Clerc." Born: in Sep 1068 at Selby, , England, son of Guillaume, Duke de Normandie and Mathilde=Maud de Flandre. Significant-Other: Sibyl Corbet before 1088 at England - Sibyl was a mistress [presumably, or concubine] of King Henri I. Significant-Other: Ansfride N? before 1092 at England - Ansfrid was a mistress [presumably, or concubine] of King Henri I. Significant-Other: Edith FitzForne before 1093 at England - Edith was a mistress of King Henry I. Significant-Other: Isabelle de Beaumont before 1097 at England - Isabel was a mistress [presumably, or concubine] of King Henri I. Note - between 1100 and 1135: 3rd. son of , Henri I was the King of England from 1100 to 1135. He succeeded his oldest brother, William II, who died under suspicious circumstances in a purported hunting "accident". Henry I seized the Crown, while his brother Robert, Duke de Normandie, who was next in the line of succession was absent on a crusade. Henry I was given the nickname "Beau-Clerc" [fine scholar] due to his exceptionally fine education. Henry I's son William Aetheling died at sea when the sank. His daughter Mathilde joined with the Plantagenêts. He reorganized the Curia regis. His older brother, Robert I, Duke of Normandie invaded England (1101) but was forced to recognize Henry as King of England. In 1106, Henry seized Normandy. He was the first king of England to grant and use a coat of arms. At his accession, Henry I issued the famous Charter of , which, over a hundred years later, was used as the basis of the , the foundation of specified liberties of the Anglo-Saxon World. He also favored the Church, in order to gain its backing inn his disputes with his brother, Robert, concerning the English Throne. The helped gain Henry I the support of the nobles. He conciliated the English, conquered by his father, by marrying Matilda, daughter of King III of Scotland who was descended from the Anglo-Saxon kings. Married on 11 Nov 1100 at Abbey, Westminster, England: Mathilde=Edith of Scotland,, daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland and Sainte Marguerite of Scotland. Married on 29 Jan 1121: Adélaïde de Louvain,, daughter of Godefroy I, Duke de Lorraine and Ide de Namur (Adélaïde was Henri I's second wife and he was her first husband. At 15 years of age, she therefore married this 50-year old widower. Perhaps understandably, her true passion was said to be needlework). Significant-Other: Nesta of Wales before 1133 -. Died: on 1 Dec 1135 at Castle of Lyons-la-Forêt, Saint-Denis-en-Lyons, Maine-et-Loire, France, at age 67 Henri I is buried at the Reading .

7. Mathilde=Edith of3 Scotland (André Roux: Scrolls, 231.) (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-30.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 68.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Pages 53, 75.). AKA: Matilda Canmore. AKA: Matilda, Queen of England. Born: in 1079 at Dumferline, Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland and Sainte Marguerite of Scotland (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 36.). Married Name: Maude = Edith. Queen of England (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married on 11 Nov 1100 at , Westminster, England: Henry I, King of England,, son of Guillaume, Duke de Normandie and Mathilde=Maud de Flandre. Died: on 1 May 1118 at Westminster, England, Ross indicates she died in 1128 (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 68.). --- 4th Generation ---

8. Fouques IV, Count4 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (K.S.B. Keats-Rohan (Ed.), Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century , ISBN: 0- 85115-625-8, (Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, Inc., 1997), Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 232 - 265.). AKA: Fouques, Comte de Gâtinais In 1068, Fouques deposed his older brother Geoffroy III, and became Comte de Gâtinais. To obtain the complicity of King Philippe I, he ceded him in 1069 the County of Gâtinais (Abbott, Page 39.). Also Known As: Foulques "Le Querelleux" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Réchin" (Abbott, Page 144.). Note -: (an unknown value). Born: in 1043 at France, son of Geoffroy IV Férréol, Count de Gâtinais and Ermengarde d'Anjou (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 257.). Married before 1067: Hildegarde de Beaugency,, daughter of Lancelin=Landry II, Seigneur de Beaugency and Alberge N? (Hildegarde was Fouques IV's first wife). AKA: Foulques IV, Comte du Maine Comte 1068 to 1103, then co-Comte 1103 to 1106, then Comte 1106-1109 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). AKA: Foulques IV, Comte de Tours Comte 1068 to 1103, then co-Comte 1103 to 1106, then Comte 1106-1109 (Ibid.). Married in 1070: Ermengarde de Bourbon,, daughter of Archambaud IV, Sire de Bourbon and Béliarde N? (Ermengarde was Fouques IV's second wife). Divorced Ermengarde de Bourbon: between 1073 and 1076 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Married in 1076: Ermengarde de Châtel-Aillon,, daughter of Isembert de Castellion and N? N? (Ermengarde was Fouques IV's third wife). Divorced Ermengarde de Châtel-Aillon: in 1080 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Married between 1080 and 1087: N? de Brienne (She was Fouques IV's fourth wife). Married in 1089: Bertrade de Montfort,, daughter of Simon I, Seigneur de Montfort and Agnès d'Évreux (Bertrade was Fouques IV's fifth wife). Divorced Bertrade de Montfort: on 15 Apr 1092. Died: on 14 Apr 1109.

9. Bertrade4 de Montfort (André Roux: Scrolls, 147, 168.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-28.). Married Name: de France. Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: circa 1060 at Montfort-l'Amauri, Toulousain, Languedoc, France, daughter of Simon I, Seigneur de Montfort and Agnès d'Évreux. MaterAlter: circa 1078 Constance d'Antigny/Bertrade de Montfort. Married in 1089: Fouques IV, Count d'Anjou,, son of Geoffroy IV Férréol, Count de Gâtinais and Ermengarde d'Anjou (Bertrade was Fouques IV's fifth wife). Divorced Fouques IV, Count d'Anjou: on 15 Apr 1092. Married in 1093: Philippe I, King de France,, son of Henri I, King de France and Anne, Queen de France. She witnessed the separated: of Bertrade de Montfort and Philippe I, King de France in 1104. Died: on 14 Feb 1117 at Abbey de Fontevrault, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France.

10. Hélie, Seigneur4 de La Flèche (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 196, 241, 256.) (Stuart, Page 223, Line 313-30.) (Source is from a note posted on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service a computer online service, Phil Currie, "Delano, Sarah", posted on 29 October 1995 at 01:13 Hours.). AKA: Hélie de Beaugency. AKA: Hélie, Seigneur de Ballon. AKA: Élie, Comte de Saint-Saens (Abbott, Page 130.). AKA: Élie, Count du Maine (Ibid.). Born: circa 1068 at France, son of Jean, Seigneur de La Flèche and Paule II du Maine. Note - in 1090: Hélie purchased Le Maine, and became the Count du Maine, in the year 1090. Married in 1090 at France: Mathilde, Dame de Château-du-Loir,, daughter of Gervais II, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir and Aremburge N? (Mathilde was Hélie's first wife. Hélie's second wife was Agnès d'Aquitaine). Died: on 11 Jul 1110 Hélie is buried in the Abbey de La Coutoure du Mans.

11. Mathilde, Dame4 de Château-du-Loir (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 241, 256.) (Stuart, Page 248, Line 354-30.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Phil Currie, "Delano, Sarah", posted on 29 October 1995 at 01:13 Hours.). Married Name: de La Flèche. AKA: Mahaut, Dame de Château-du-Loir (Abbott, Page 134.). Born: circa 1070 at Maine, France, daughter of Gervais II, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir and Aremburge N? Married in 1090 at France: Hélie, Seigneur de La Flèche,, son of Jean, Seigneur de La Flèche and Paule II du Maine (Mathilde was Hélie's first wife. Hélie's second wife was Agnès d'Aquitaine). Died: in 1099 (André Roux: Scrolls.).

12. Guillaume, Duke4 de Normandie (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 118, 231.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-30.) (Hallam, Page 74.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Robert Carver [ID# MNDY85D] "William the Conq." posted on 25 August 1995 at 21:32 Hours - citing "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle."). Also Known As: William "The Conqueror" (Abbott, Page 219.). AKA: William I, King of England. Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Bâtard." Born Illeg.: between 1027 and 1028 at Château de Falaise, Falaise, Normandie, France, -, son of Robert II, Count d'Exmes and Arlette de Mortain, - Robert "Le Magnifique" was not with Arletta when the child was born. His name had been chosen long before, without regard to originality and it is uncertain whether he was born in late 1027 or very early 1028. Note - between 1035 and 1087: In his early years, William had to defend himself against the Angevin aggression (From Queen Constance widow of King Robert "Le Pieux"). As the illegitimate son of Robert "the Magnificent", William = Guillaume, who had succeeeded to Normandy in 1035, when still a minor, was in a precarious position in the duchy. In 1047, a powerful coallition of nobles massed against him and he sough royal support from King Henry I. Henry rescued him and defeated the rebels at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes with Guillaume fighting at his side. Then from 1048 until 1052 Guillaume and Henry made war on Geoffrey Martel of Anjou. In 1048, they captured Mouliherne and in 1049 Guillaume went into Maine while the King went into the . In 1049, Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre promises his daughter to Guillaume. In 1052, King Henry switched his alliance from Normandy to Anjou. King Henry supported the rebellion of the Count of Arques against the Norman Duke in 1053. In 1054, the King, Geoffrey of Anjou and the king's brother Eudes marched into Normandy. Eudes de France was soundly beaten by Guillaume at Mortemer-sur-Eaulne. In 1058, King Henry I and Geoffroi Martel I again started an offensive against Normandy, but part of their army was cut-off and was massacred at Varaville. In 1060, when both of them had died, Guillaume of Normandy had ample opportunities to expand his territories which he used to considerable effect. While in 1063, some smaller feudal lords rebelled against Guillaume's iron-handed rule, this did not prevent him from acquiring . On 5 January 1064, Harold sails to the continent, presumably to assure Guillaume that he would succeed King Edward of England (if one is to believe the tapissery of Bayeux) -- the two being related by blood (Emma, mother of , is the great aunt of the Normand Chief). On 5 January 1066, King Edward of England falls gravely ill, and in spite of his sworn oath to Guillaume, duke de Normandie, Harold is crowned King of England. This action, of course cancels the plans for marrying Guillaume's daughter. Guillaume sought to assert his hereditary right and was supported by Pope Alexander II, as well as by the King of Denmark and the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1066, in record time, with the assistance of the Lords of Eu, d'Avranches, de Coutances, de Bayeux, d'Évreux and de Beaumont, Guillaume assembles a fleet. On 12 September, the fleet is ready, but the winds do not become favorable until 27 September. Sailing North from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, Guillaume succeeds on 29 September 1066 on the Feast of Saint Michael, in landing between Eastbourne and Hastings. This is one accomplishment which even Napoleon and Hitler would be unable to replicate. The landing is celebrated with a feast (and it is clear from the tapestry of Bayeux that the art of the barbecue was not invented yesterday). On 14 October 1066, after failures of negotiations, the is engaged. Harold is mortally wounded by an arrow to the head, and the Anglo- Saxons flee in disarray. It is said that in 1066, Ealdred, and the citizens of London wished to have Prince Edgar for King as was his right by birth and Edwin and Morcar had promised to fight for him. On 25 December 1066, Guillaume is annointed King in Westminster by the Archbishop of York, Ealdred. [Ealdred, Archbishop of York for 10 years less 15 weeks, died 11 September 1067 and is buried in York, the seat of his Episcopal see]. He had himself crowned King of England in London. Guillaume had to fight against his son Robert Courtheuse, who was supported by King Philippe I of France. In 1076, Philippe I, King of France is able to break Guillaume's siege of Dol, and in 1077, a short-lived peace is arranged between the two kings. It was during military operations against Philip, the bastard died of wounds. He was also known as William the Conqueror - Only the irrational British mind could conceive of bestowing such an illustrious title on one of such questionable origin. Married in 1050 at France: Mathilde=Maud de Flandre,, daughter of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France (In 1049, Baudouin V offers his daughter's hand in marriage to Guillaume, Duke de Normandie. French history texts uniformly indicate that the headstrong Flemish woman would have nothing to do with a bastard. Guillaume is said to have galoped all the way to Lille, enterred Mathilde's room, and tamed her by beating her with his stirrups, tearing her robe to shreds in the process. After that, Mathilde is said to have enthusiastically consented to become the . Mathilde and William were devoted to each other, and there is no evidence to suggest that William had any mistress according to Debrett's "Kings and Queens of ", no illegitimate children have ever been convincingly shown. The marriage was approved by the Pope in the year 1059). Died: on 9 Sep 1087 at Abbaye aux Hommes, Rouen, Saint-Gervais, Normandie, France, Guillaume is buried at the Abbey of Saint-Étienne in , France in accordance with his wishes.

13. Mathilde=Maud4 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 149, 231.) (Stuart, Pages 103, Line 141-31.). Married Name: de Normandie. AKA: Matilda, Queen of England. AKA: Maud, Duchesse de Normandie. Born: in 1032 at Flandre, Belgium, daughter of Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre and Adèle=Alix, Princess de France, While many French history texts seem fond of claiming that it was after this Mathilde that the famous tapissery of Bayeux is named, more respectable encyclopedic sources (including Larousse) indicate this is an error. Married in 1050 at France: Guillaume, Duke de Normandie,, son of Robert II, Count d'Exmes and Arlette de Mortain (In 1049, Baudouin V offers his daughter's hand in marriage to Guillaume, Duke de Normandie. French history texts uniformly indicate that the headstrong Flemish woman would have nothing to do with a bastard. Guillaume is said to have galoped all the way to Lille, enterred Mathilde's room, and tamed her by beating her with his stirrups, tearing her robe to shreds in the process. After that, Mathilde is said to have enthusiastically consented to become the Duchess of Normandy. Mathilde and William were devoted to each other, and there is no evidence to suggest that William had any mistress according to Debrett's "Kings and Queens of Great Britain", no illegitimate children have ever been convincingly shown. The marriage was approved by the Pope in the year 1059). Died: on 3 Nov 1083 at Caen, Calvados, Normandie, France.

14. Malcolm III, King of4 Scotland (André Roux: Scrolls, 206.) (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-31.) (John O'Hart, Irish Pedigrees in ISBN: 0-8063-0737-4 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1989), Page 38, #109.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Susan Mitchell [Prodigy ID# CVLB36A] posted on the Prodigy Genealogy Bulletin Board Subject "Royal Genealogy" on 11 December 1995 at 22:53 Hours.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 36, 43 - 45, 68, 69.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Pages 53, 151.). AKA: Malcolm MacDuncan. Born: in 1031 at Scotland, son of Duncan I, King of Scotland and Sibil of (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 43.). Note - between 1040 and 1057 at Scotland: Malcolm III was the founder of the House of Canmore which ruled Scotland for over 200 years, he was the son of Duncan I, who, in 1040, was killed by . Malcolm lived in exile until 1057, when he defeated [in 1054] and killed Macbeth [in 1057] near in . He succeeded to the throne upon the death of , Macbeth's stepson, being crowned on 25 April 1058 at Scone Abbey, Pertshire. Malcolm invaded England many times after 1068 in support of his brother-in-law, Edgar Aetheling to the English throne. He was killed by Norman forces, and succeeded briefly by his brother Donald Bane, then his 3 sons. Malcolm III was King of Scotland 1058 - 1093, crowned in Scone on 17 March 1057. AKA: Malcolm III Canmore Canmore from the old "Ceann-mor" meaning "Chief" (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by R. Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] in Subject "Scottish Clans", posted on 7 November 1997 at 03:52 Hours, citing Moriarty.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 151.). Married in 1059: Ingeborg Finnsdotter,, daughter of Finn Arneson and Bergljot Halfdansdotter (Ingeborg was Malcolm III's first wife, and she was the niece of King Olav II of Norway.Ross indicates she was the widow or daughter of Thorfin The Mighty, of Orkney) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 45.). Note - between 1068 and 1072: The year before Ingiborg's death, Malcolm was confronted with four uninvited guests, driven onto Scottish shores by a storm during their passage to the continent. They were Edgar Aetheling, the Saxon to the English throne, his mother Agatha, and his two sisters, Magaret and Christine. Their kindly treatment in Scotland obviously invited the wrath of William the Conqueror. This was fanned to fury in 1071, when Malcolm made Margaret his second wife. The powerful but tactless union was one reason for William's 1072 invasion (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 45.). Married in 1069 at Dunferline, England: Sainte Marguerite of Scotland,, daughter of Edward Aetheling, Prince of England and Agatha von (A major reason why Malcolm III is generally granted such a favorable place in the gallery of Scottish monarchs is that he married a lady whom less-than-meticulous medieval hagiography later dubbed a Saint) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 45.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Pages 53, 75, 151.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 13 Nov 1093 at Castle, Alnwick, , England, Malcolm III died in battle while besieging the Castle of Alnwick (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 36, 43 - 45.).

15. Sainte Marguerite of4 Scotland (André Roux: Scrolls, 206.) (Stuart, Page 172, Line 233-32.) (Data from Encyclopedia entry.). AKA: Margaret Aetheling. Born: in 1046 at Hungary, daughter of Edward Aetheling, Prince of England and Agatha von Braunschweig (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I727.html as of 1 November 1998.). Note - between 1066 and 1250 at Scotland: Saint Margaret, the Queen consort of Malcolm III of Scotland is credited with the introduction of English (Roman) usage in the Scottish Church. The daughter of Edward the Exhile, an English Prince, she fled to Scotland after the of 1066. Member of the English royal house of , she introduced many English ways to the Scots. Noted for her piety and charity, she was canonized in 1250 with the Feast originally on 10 June and later changed to 16 November. Married in 1069 at Dunferline, England: Malcolm III, King of Scotland,, son of Duncan I, King of Scotland and Sibil of Northumbria (A major reason why Malcolm III is generally granted such a favorable place in the gallery of Scottish monarchs is that he married a lady whom less-than-meticulous medieval hagiography later dubbed a Saint) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 45.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Pages 53, 75, 151.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 16 Nov 1093 at Edinburg Castle, Edinburg, Scotland, St. Margaret was canonized in 1249 with a Feast Day on 10 June (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I727.html as of 1 November 1998.).

--- 5th Generation ---

16. Geoffroy IV Férréol, Count5 de Gâtinais (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 39.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 257.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 257, 264.). AKA: Geoffroy II de Château-Landon. AKA: Albéric "Le Bref", Comte de Château-Landon (Abbott, Page 39.). Born: circa 1004 at Château-Landon, Champagne, France, son of Hugo, Sire du Perche and Béatrice de Mâcon, The parentage of Geoffroy II may be in question. Stuart takes the information of others and shows Geoffroi II as son of Geoffroy III. Settipani cites numerous other works, including a Charter in Paris of 26 May 1026 that show Geoffroy II/IV son of Hugues du Perche [via Beatrix's second marriage] as follows: "in comitatu Vuastinensi, Gosfredo, comiti Landonensi castri ... Albericum, illius supradicti Gosfredi filium et heredem, et insuper, faventibus fratibus ipsius Alberici,filiis Hugonis Pertice, silicet Gosfredo et Letoldo" (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 256 - 264.). PaterAlter circa 1004 Geoffroy IV Férréol, Count de Gâtinais/Geoffroy III, Count de Gâtinais (an unknown value) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.). Married in 1035: Ermengarde d'Anjou,, daughter of Foulques III, Count d'Anjou and Hildegarde de Metz. AKA: Gausfred, Comte de Gâtinais (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 232.). Died: on 11 Apr 1046 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Pages 2, 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

17. Ermengarde5 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 91-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). Married Name: Blanche de Bourgogne. Born: either 1010 or 1018 at France, daughter of Foulques III, Count d'Anjou and Hildegarde de Metz, Stuart indicates Ermengarde was born in 1018, but Settipani shows she was born in 1010 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Married in 1035: Geoffroy IV Férréol, Count de Gâtinais,, son of Hugo, Sire du Perche and Béatrice de Mâcon. Married in 1048: Robert, Duke de Bourgogne,, son of Robert II, King de France and Constance de Provence. Died: on 21 Mar 1076 at Fleury-sur-Ouche, Normandie, France, Ermengarde was murdered and some sources indicate it was on 18 March 1076 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

18. Simon I, Seigneur5 de Montfort (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-29; Page 125, Line 168-31.). AKA: Simon I, Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury. Born: circa 1026 at France, son of Amaury II, Seigneur de Montfort and Bertrade de Gometz. Married circa 1055 at France: Isabeau de Broyes,, daughter of Hughes dit Bardoul, Seigneur de Broyes and N? N? (Isabeau was Simon I's first wife. Isabeau's dowry brought the Châtellenie of Nogent to her husband, Simon I) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Contenant lesa Généalogies, l'Histoire et la Chronologie des Familles Nobles de France in Volumes, 1 to 15 (Seconde Édition; Rue St-Jacques, Paris: Antoine Boudet, Libraire-Imprimeur du Roi, (1770 - 1786)), Tome III (Volume 3), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 277.). Married before 1060: Agnès d'Évreux,, daughter of Richard, Comte d'Évreux and Adélaïde de Barcelone (Agnès was Simon I's fifth wife, and he was her third husband). Died: in 1087 Simon I is buried at Épernon, France.

19. Agnès5 d'Évreux (André Roux: Scrolls, 168, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-31.). Married Name: de Montfort. Born: circa 1030 at Évreux, Normandie, France, daughter of Richard, Comte d'Évreux and Adélaïde de Barcelone. Married before 1060: Simon I, Seigneur de Montfort,, son of Amaury II, Seigneur de Montfort and Bertrade de Gometz (Agnès was Simon I's fifth wife, and he was her third husband).

20. Jean, Seigneur5 de La Flèche (André Roux: Scrolls, 196, 241.) (Stuart, Page 223, Line 313-31.). AKA: Jean, Lord de Beaugency. AKA: Jean, Comte du Maine (Abbott, Page 130.). Born: before 1050 at La Flèche, Sarthe, Anjou, France, son of Lancelin I, Seigneur de Beaugency and Paule I du Maine, André Roux's data supports the notion that Lancelin married Paule I du Maine who became Jean's mother. Married before 1067 at France: Paule II du Maine,, daughter of Hughes V, Count du Maine and Gersende de Mayenne. Died: in 1097 Jean is buried at Saint-Aubin-d', Anjou, France.

21. Paule II5 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 196, 241.). Married Name: de La Flèche. Born: before 1053 at France, daughter of Hughes V, Count du Maine and Gersende de Mayenne, Paule is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Hélie was born. Some sources indicate that the Paule du Maine who married Jean, Seigneur de La Flèche was the daughter of Herbert I "Éveille-Chiens", Count du Maine. That assertion is inconsistent with André Roux's data which has Paule II as the granddaughter of Paule I du Maine. Consistent with Turton's "Plantagenet Ancestry", André Roux has Paule I as wife of Lancelin I, Seigneur de Beaugency, daughter of Herbert I, and mother of Jean I de Beaugency, Seigneur de La Flèche who married Paule II. Paule II then would be the granddaughter-daughter of Paule I's sister, and she in turn married Paule II's son Jean. Paule II would have to be younger than Jean. Roderic Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" does not ackowledge the existence of two Paule du Maine and asserts that they are one in the same person and that Turton therefore made an error. Married before 1067 at France: Jean, Seigneur de La Flèche,, son of Lancelin I, Seigneur de Beaugency and Paule I du Maine.

22. Gervais II, Seigneur5 de Château-du-Loir (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 256.) (Stuart, Page 248, Line 354-31.) (Abbott, Page 134.). Born: before 1052 at Château du Loir, Sarthe, Maine, France, son of Robert, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir and Élizabeth N?, Gervais is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Mathilde was born. Married before 1069: Aremburge N?,, daughter of N? N? and Mathilde N? Died: circa 1095. 23. Aremburge5 N? (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 256.). Married Name: de Château-du-Loir. Born: before 1055, daughter of N? N? and Mathilde N?, Aremburge=Eremburge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Mathilde was born. Married before 1069: Gervais II, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir,, son of Robert, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir and Élizabeth N?

24. Robert II, Count5 d'Exmes (André Roux: Scrolls, 149.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Also Known As: Robert "Le Diable." AKA: Robert I, Duke de Normandie. Also Known As: Robert "Le Magnifique" (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: circa 1000 at Normandie, France, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie and Judith de Bretagne. Significant-Other: Arlette de Mortain between 1026 and 1027 at Rouen, France, - Duke Robert "Le Magnifique", only recently , met Arletta, normand daughter of a humble resident of Falaise. If one is to believe the calumnious English legend, the Duke noticed her as she was dancing in a public square of Rouen. Note - between 1028 and 1035: Duke of Normandie (1028-1035), Robert II was poisoned during an elegant pilgrimage to the Holy Land. While making preparations in January, 1035, Robert presented his son, through his concubine Arletta, William as heir. Gilbert de Brionne would be charged to look after the child who was only 8 years of age. Died: on 2 Jul 1035 at Nicée, Bithynia, Holy Land, Turkey, Robert II, Duke de Normandie, died after having asked his followers to support his son. However, the Summer saw local wars burst throughout the Duchy.

25. Arlette5 de Mortain (André Roux: Scrolls, 132, 149.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1022.html as of 1 November 1998.). Married Name: de Conteville. Married Name: d'Exmes. AKA: Harlette = Herleva de Falaise (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1021.html as of 1 November 1998.). Note - circa 1003: In two notes, G.H. White, who used Marx's Edition of the "Gesta" containing the correct Latin text of Orderic, denied this interpretation. According to him, there is no evidence for Freeman's testimony that Herleva's father was a tanner, and he concludes: 'As pollinctores were the people who prepared corpses for burial, this [William being called a skinner or furrier] is obscure ... Notwithstanding White's arguments, the two recent biographers of the Conqueror, D.C. Douglas and M. de Bouard, preferred the tanner story. What makes the assessment of Orderic's interpolation even more complicated is the fact that the mockery must have occurred in French and not in Latin. The inhabitants of Alençon, like Duke William, spoke French. The event most probably was preserved by memory and oral tradition and was not rendered into Latin until the beginning of the 12th. Century. Then Orderic faced the task of choosing the appropriate Latin equivalents of the spoken French words which are now lost. Trying to recontruct the reality of the 1051 - 1052 mockery at Alençon as well as finding an explanation for the use of pollinctor, it is worth looking at the French adaptations of the "Gesta" written in the second half of the 12th. Century. How did and Benoit translate this passage in their "Roman de Rou" [1155 - 1174], and the "Chronique des ducs de Normandie" [1174 - 1180]. Unfortunately, both poets skillfully avoided the word pollinctor and do not mention the beating of the pelts and furs. Instead, they elaborately digress on Duke William being called parmentier [Wace] and peletier [Benoit], each therefore offering a different translation of pelliciarius. It is clear from their text that they consider such a person involved in the trade of pelts, skins and furs. But which trade? Parmentier, used by Wace, means skinner, furrier or tanner; a more rare meaning is tailor; and yet, A. Holden, the most recent Editor of the "Roman de Rou", thinks that tailor is the correct rendering here. To explain the discrepancy between the original Latin of Orderic and Wace's adaptation, Holden suggests that Wace might record another tradition of the Alençon insult than the one written down by Orderic. Benoit leaves no doubt whatsoever as to his meaning peletier. For him, a pelliciarius is a tailor. He even embroiders this interpretation by referring to the tailor's needle and thread. But he did not wholly understand the Latin or the ridicule. According to his "Chronique", the inhabitants of Alençon, while insulting the Duke, beat the lower and upper parts of their backs and not pelts or furs. This is a misinterpretation of the Latin where the word "renones" [pelts or furs] is confused with "renes" [loins, backs]. It may be clear that neither Wace nor Benoit were familiar with the word "pollinctor" and that they did not understand the nature of the mockery. They hung on to the fact that the Duke was insulted by the reference to his grandfather's trade, which for Wace was that of a skinner or furrier, and for Benoit that of a tailor. Although neither of the two poets is very helpful for the meaning of the word "pollinctor", Wace's account might give a clue as to the original French of the Joke which the Duke found so offensive. The French for skin, according to Wace, is "la pel". In the masculin "le pel" the word means stake, pallisade, or wall. Bearing in mind, it is conceivable that the defenders of Alençon were making a pun by shouting "the walls, the walls" to the Duke [the pelterer]. But more probably, the pelts or skins did not refer to animals, but to human corpses. "Pellis" in Latin, and "la pel" in old French, can both indicate animal as well as human skin. I suggest that the mockery was insulting because Duke William's grandfather had been a pollinctor in the only known sense of the word, that is, a person who prepares corpses for burial, an undertaker or even an embalmer. As such, the father of Herleva naturally would have dealt with skins, not however with those of animals, but of human beings. The people of Alençon could not possibly have referred to this profession by beating human corpses or skins, so they therefore used pelts. In French, they shouted 'Pelterer' and Orderic translated this as pelliciarius, thereby preserving the double meaning. He still knew the nature of the insults and the real occupation of Herleva's father; whereas, half a century later, neither Wace nor Benoit seem to have been aware of the real facts. Our knowledge of persons who laid out bodies in medieval Normandy is extremely limited. See also note for Fulbert's Occupation (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Posted by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] in Subject "Herleva de Falaise" on 23 March 1996 at 00:39 Hours.). Born: circa 1003 at Falaise, Calvados, Normandie, France, daughter of Fulbert de Falaise and Dode N?, Michael Welch cites an article "The Origins of Herleva, Mother of William the Conqueror": There is a persistent tradition in Anglo-Norman historiography that William the Conqueror's mother Herleva, was the daughter of Fulbert, a tanner from Falaise. This tanner story emerged in the second half of the Twelfth Century as a result of a misinterpretation of Latin used to describe Herleva's background. The earliest substantial information about Herleva derives from in his interpolated version of "Gesta Normannorum Ducum" written 1109 - 1113. He refers to her several times, but these passages are difficult to interpret. In a lively but enigmatic description of the Seige of Alençon in 1051 - 1052, William of Jumièges the original author of the "Gesta" [1070 - 1071] writes that Duke William was insulted by its inhabitants and that he ordered that his mockers should have their hands and feet cut off. The nature of the offense is not stated by the ducal chronicler. Forty years later, Orderic Vitalis proved to be less fastidious. According to his interpolation, the first part of which occurs in the margin of his autographed manuscript, thirty-two of the mockers were crippled. For the people of Alençon beat pelts and furs in order to insult the Duke and despisingly called him "pelliciarus [pelterer] because his maternal parentes [parents or kinsman] had been Pollinctores. Pelliciarius means "pelterer" - a person who is involved in the trade of pelts, skins and furs. The parentes are commonly interpreted as parents and therefore this sentence is supposed to contain a reference to Herleva's father. This is very likely, although we must allow the possibility that kinsmen, and thus Herleva's family, in a wider sense is meant. The greatest difficulty, however, lies in the translation and interpretation of the word "pollinctor". In classical Latin, pollinctor is a person who prepares a corpse for burial. The word is not uncommon in the Middle Ages and all examples indicate the same sense as in classical Latin. Orderic Vitalis used it a second time in his description of William the Conqueror's burial in the "Historia Ecclesiastica", where pollinctores are said to have laid the king's corpse. In the Alençon context, however, at first sight the word seems to make no sense at all. The more than thirty manuscripts of the "Gesta" containing Orderic's passage give the word pollinctor correctly. So it looks as if all scribes recognized it, and even if they did not know the meaning, they copied it without making mistakes. The first variant reading emerged in the 17th. Century, when William Camden [1602] edited the "Gesta". Both give pelliciarii instead of pollinctores, although as far as I know, there is no manuscript evidence for this reading. As a result of these editions, historians thence assumed that Duke William had been insulted by being called a tanner -- the translation given for pelliciarius by, among others, E.A. Freeman - in consequence of the fact that his maternal grandfather had been a member of that profession (Ibid.). Significant-Other: Robert II, Count d'Exmes between 1026 and 1027 at Rouen, France, - Duke Robert "Le Magnifique", only recently Duke of Normandy, met Arletta, normand daughter of a humble resident of Falaise. If one is to believe the calumnious English legend, the Duke noticed her as she was dancing in a public square of Rouen. Married circa 1028 at Normandie, France: Herluin=Herlevin, Vicomte de Conteville,, son of Jean de Conteville and N? N? Died: after 1040 at Mortain, Normandie, France.

26. Baudouin V, Comte5 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 103, Line 141-32.). AKA: Baudouin, Regent de France. Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Pieux" (von Redlich, Page 183.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Débonnaire" (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Baudouin V de Lille (Stuart, Page 103.). Born: circa 1013 at Flandre, Belgium, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg. Married in 1028 at France: Adèle=Alix, Princess de France,, daughter of Robert II, King de France and Constance de Provence (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Note - between 1060 and 1067 at France: Baudouin V was the Regent of France from 1060 to 1067. Died: on 1 Sep 1067 at Lille, Nord, Flandre, France.

27. Adèle=Alix, Princess5 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 118.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 140-32.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Ear Roberts "Capet" posted on 4 October 1995 at 14:33 hours.). AKA: Adélaïde, Countess de Contenance. Married Name: de Normandie. Married Name: de Flandre. Born: in 1009, daughter of Robert II, King de France and Constance de Provence, Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix was born in 1012. Married in Jan 1027 at France: Richard III, Duke de Normandie,, son of Richard II, Duke de Normandie and Judith de Bretagne. Married in 1028 at France: Baudouin V, Comte de Flandre,, son of Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre and Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg (Baudouin V was Adèle's second husband). Died: on 8 Jan 1079 at Messina, Messina, Sicily, Some sources indicate that Adèle=Alix died in 1063.

28. Duncan I, King of5 Scotland (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 18, 36 - 39.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Pages 53, 151.). AKA: Duncan MacCrinan. Born: in 1001 at Scotland, son of Crinan, Mormaer of Athol and Bethoc=Béatrix, Princess of Scotland (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 37.). AKA: Duncan I, King of Strathclyde Duncan became King of Strathclyde on the death of Owen The Bold in 1018 (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-32.) (O'Hart, Page 38, #108.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 37.). Note - between 1018 and 1040 at Scotland: Duncan I was King of Strathclyde 1018 - 1034. He was King of Scots 1034 - 1040. When he became King of Scotland, the kingdom of the southwest [Strathclyde] ceased to exist as an independent entity (Ibid.). Married in 1030: Sibil of Northumbria. AKA: Duncan "Le Gracieux" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 14 Aug 1040 at Bothnagoan, Elgin, Morray, Scotland, Duncan I was murdered by MacBeth, his cousin, in battle as he besieged Durham (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 38.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.).

29. Sibil of5 Northumbria (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-32.) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I1009.html as of 1 November 1998.). Married Name: Strathclyde. Born: before 1016 at Northumbria Sibil is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Malcolm III was born. Married in 1030: Duncan I, King of Scotland,, son of Crinan, Mormaer of Athol and Bethoc=Béatrix, Princess of Scotland. Died: after 1031.

30. Edward Aetheling, Prince of5 England (Stuart, Page 172, Line 233-33.). Born: in 1016 at Wessex, England, son of II, King of England and Ealdgyth of Northumbria. Married in 1043 at England: Agatha von Braunschweig,, daughter of Ludwig von Braunschweig and Gertrude von Egisheim (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Note - before 1045 at Hungary: When Edward's father, Edmund died in 1016, Knut I (Canut) worked to eliminate his rivals in Edmund's succession. Thus, Edward was exiled, first to Sweden, then Russia and then to Hungary and held lands in the Bérenger County, Hungary. Edward managed to return to England in 1057 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Robert Young [Prodigy ID# GCAW73D] under Subject "" on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Services, on 27 December 1996 at 11:41 hours, citing athe current quarter's issue of the New England Historic & Genealogic Register.). Died: circa 1057 at London, England.

31. Agatha5 von Braunschweig (Stuart, Page 226, Line 318-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: Agatha of England. Born: circa 1025 at Bavaria, Germany, daughter of Ludwig von Braunschweig and Gertrude von Egisheim, The parentage of Agatha has been under some discussion, though wife of Edward Aetheling she was. G. Andrews Moriarty, in an article in NEHGR, Vol. 106, Pages 52-60 (1952) explains two points of view -- Kingship with the Hungarian kings (as daughter of King Stephen), versus kinship with the German Emperors (Daughter of Liudolph, Margrave of West Friesland). ES, II:78, 1984 makes a case for the German affiliation. However, an article in NEHGR, Vol. 106, pages 52-60 goes through great lengths to demonstrate the Hungarian affiliation [courtesy of John Rosenberg [Prodigy ID#GMVH69A], personal communication, 17 November 1995 at 18:24 Hours. Information cited by Robert Young (posted on 27 December 1996 at 11:41 Hours) under Subject "Edward the Exile" indicates that an article in that quarter's issue of NEHGR suggests Agatha was the daughter of Jaroslav of Kiev, son of Vladimir I. MaterAlter: circa 1025 Ingigerd-Irene, Princess of Sweden/Agatha von Braunschweig (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Robert Young [Prodigy ID# GCAW73D] under Subject "Edward the Exile" on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Services, on 27 December 1996 at 11:41 hours, citing athe current quarter's issue of the New England Historic & Genealogic Register.). PaterAlter circa 1025 Agatha von Braunschweig/Stephen I, King of Hungary (an unknown value). MaterAlter: circa 1025 Gisela de Bavière/Agatha von Braunschweig. PaterAlter circa 1025 Agatha von Braunschweig/Yaroslav, Grand Duke of Kiev (an unknown value) (Ibid.). Married in 1043 at England: Edward Aetheling, Prince of England,, son of Edmund II, King of England and Ealdgyth of Northumbria (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Died: after 1066 at West Friesland.

--- 6th Generation ---

32. Hugo, Sire6 du Perche (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 264.). Born: circa 970, son of Albert, Sire du Perche and N? de Châteaudun (Ibid.). Married before 1000: Béatrice de Mâcon,, daughter of Albéric=Aubri II, Count de Mâcon and Ermentrude de Reims (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 257 - 264.). Died: before 1026 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 264.).

33. Béatrice6 de Mâcon (Stuart, Page 70.). Married Name: du Perche (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 257 - 264.). Born: between 0960 and 0974 at Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, daughter of Albéric=Aubri II, Count de Mâcon and Ermentrude de Reims, According to Stuart, Béatrice was born circa 974. According to Settipani, she was born between 960 and 965. Mâcon was the Capital of ancient Mâconnais (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). Married before 985: Geoffroy III, Count de Gâtinais,, son of Albéric, Count de Gâtinais and N? N? Married before 1000: Hugo, Sire du Perche,, son of Albert, Sire du Perche and N? de Châteaudun (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 257 - 264.). Married Name: Beatrix, Comtesse de Gâtinais (Beatrix became Countess du Gâtinais upon the death [without issue] of her son [by her first marriage] Albéric c 1026. The County of Gâtinais then passed from Albéric's mother to his step-brothers [Beatrix's sons by her second marriage], Leotald and Gausfred) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 257, 264.). Died: between 1026 and 1043 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.).

34. Foulques III, Count6 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 139, 147.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 91-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). AKA: Foulques III Nera. Also Known As: Foulques "Le Noir." AKA: Foulques "Le Jérosolimitain" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: in 972 at France, son of Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count d'Anjou and Adélaïs de Vermandois (Ibid.). Note - between 0987 and 1040: Fouques Nera obtained and already owning lands in Touraine, he conquered a large part of that province. He was an unscrupulous warrior. Four times he went on pilgrimages to Jerusalem. He built numerous châteaux and appointed to them his châtelains. Foulques III became a crusader and settled in the Holy Land. Sometime after 30 December 987, Fouques Nera was granted the overlordship of Maine (Abbott, Page 144.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 204.). Married in 989: Élizabeth=Adèle, Countess de Vendôme,, daughter of Bouchard I, Count de Vendôme and Élizabeth N? (Élizabeth was Foulques III's first wife) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 253.). Married in 1000: Hildegarde de Metz (Hildegarde was Foulques III's second wife) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 253, 265.). AKA: Foulques III, Comte de Tours (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). AKA: Foulques III, Comte du Maine (Ibid.). Died: on 21 Jun 1040 at Jérusalem, Palestine, Holy Land.

35. Hildegarde6 de Metz (Stuart, Page 69, Line 91-32.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Phil Currie, "Delano, Sarah", posted on 29 October 1995 at 01:16 Hours.). Married Name: d'Anjou. AKA: Hildegardis de Lorraine (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 253, 265.). Born: circa 985 at France (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 254.). Married in 1000: Foulques III, Count d'Anjou,, son of Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count d'Anjou and Adélaïs de Vermandois (Hildegarde was Foulques III's second wife) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 253, 265.). Died: on 1 Apr 1046 at Jérusalem, Palestine, Holy Land (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

36. Amaury II, Seigneur6 de Montfort (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-30.). AKA: Amaury II, Seigneur d'Épernon (Abbott, Page 39.). Born: before 1011 at Montfort-l'Amaury, Toulousain, Languedoc, France, son of Guillaume, Count de Hainaut and N., Dame de Montfort, Amaury II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Simon I was born. Married before 1026: Bertrade de Gometz,, daughter of Guillaume de Gometz and N? N? Died: in 1063 at Eure & Loir, France (Ibid.).

37. Bertrade6 de Gometz (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-30.). Married Name: de Montfort. Born: before 1011 at France, daughter of Guillaume de Gometz and N? N?, Bertrade is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Simon I was born. Married before 1026: Amaury II, Seigneur de Montfort,, son of Guillaume, Count de Hainaut and N., Dame de Montfort.

38. Richard, Comte6 d'Évreux (André Roux: Scrolls, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-32.) (Abbott, Page 230.). Born: in 986 at Rouen, Bray, Normandie, France, son of Robert, Comte de Normandie and Ila d'Herlève, Rouen was the Capital city of ancient Normandie. Married before 1030: Adélaïde de Barcelone,, daughter of Raymond I dit Borel III, Count de Barcelone and Ermessinde de Carcassonne (Adélaïde was the widow of Roger de Toeni when she married Richard). Died: in 1067.

39. Adélaïde6 de Barcelone (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-32.). Married Name: d'Évreux. Married Name: de Toeny. Born: circa 1004, daughter of Raymond I dit Borel III, Count de Barcelone and Ermessinde de Carcassonne. Married before 1029 at France: Roger I de Toeny,, son of Rodulf II de Tosny and N? N? (Roger was Adélaïde's first husband). Married before 1030: Richard, Comte d'Évreux,, son of Robert, Comte de Normandie and Ila d'Herlève (Adélaïde was the widow of Roger de Toeni when she married Richard). Died: in 1051.

40. Lancelin I, Seigneur6 de Beaugency (André Roux: Scrolls, 196.) (Stuart, Page 223, Line 313-32; Page 3, Line 4-32.). AKA: Lancelin I, Seigneur de La Flèche Lancelin I was Lord of La Flèche in Anjou, France. Born: before 1007 at Beaugency, Orléanais, France, son of Landry, Sire de Beaugency and N? N?, Lancelin was alive in the years 1033 and 1040. He is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Lancelin II was born. The parentage of Lancelin I is uncertain. Married before 1024 at France: Paule I du Maine,, daughter of Herbert I, Count du Maine and N? N? (There is some uncertainty about the marriage of Lancelin I. Roderick Stuart in his Royalty for Commoners misinterpretes his own reference Turton who suggests Lancelin I did marry Paule du Maine but that Paule was the Godmother of Paule du Maine who married Jean, Lancelin's son. The two Paule are not the same person as Roderick Stuart assumes Turton meant. Other sources question whether Paule I was ever married to Lancelin I or had any children from him). Died: between 1051 and 1060 at France.

41. Paule I6 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 196, 241.) (Stuart, Page 31, Line 357-31.). Married Name: de Beaugency. Born: before 1010 at France, daughter of Herbert I, Count du Maine and N? N?, Paule is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Lancelin II was born if Lancelin II was her son. Married before 1024 at France: Lancelin I, Seigneur de Beaugency,, son of Landry, Sire de Beaugency and N? N? (There is some uncertainty about the marriage of Lancelin I. Roderick Stuart in his Royalty for Commoners misinterpretes his own reference Turton who suggests Lancelin I did marry Paule du Maine but that Paule was the Godmother of Paule du Maine who married Jean, Lancelin's son. The two Paule are not the same person as Roderick Stuart assumes Turton meant. Other sources question whether Paule I was ever married to Lancelin I or had any children from him).

42. Hughes V, Count6 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Abbott, Page 130.). AKA: Hughes d'Este. Born: between 1038 and 1049 at France, son of Azon, Marquis de Ligurie and Gersende, Comtesse du Maine, Hughes V is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Paule II was born. If André Roux's data concerning the parentage of Paule I and Paule II du Maine are correct, then Hughes V is unlikely to have been born before 1048, since in that year his mother was repudiated by her first husband, and in turn is therefore unlikely to have married her second husband, Hughes V's father Azon, before 1048. Married before 1052 at France: Gersende de Mayenne. Married before 1064: Berthe de Blois,, daughter of Eudes II, Count de Blois and Ermengarde d'Auvergne (There are indications that the Hughes, Count du Maine who married Berthe de Blois is not this Hughes V. André Roux's data indicate Hughes V's wife and Paule II's mother as unknown). Note - between 1090 and 1093: According to André Roux, Hughes V sold the Countship of the Maine to his cousin Hélie de La Flêche; but Abbott indicates Hughes abdicated the County in 1090 (Abbott, Page 130.). Died: after 1093.

43. Gersende6 de Mayenne (Paul Theroff, posts, 19 August 1994 at 15:59 Hours.). Married Name: du Maine. Born: before 1049 at France Gersende is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Paule II was born. Married before 1052 at France: Hughes V, Count du Maine,, son of Azon, Marquis de Ligurie and Gersende, Comtesse du Maine.

44. Robert, Seigneur6 de Château-du-Loir (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 256.) (Stuart, Page 248, Line 354-32.). AKA: Robert Brochard (Abbott, Page 134.). Born: before 1034 at Château du Loir, Sarthe, Maine, France, son of Hamelin=Haimon, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir and Hildegarde=Hildeburges de Bellême, Robert is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Gervais, was born. Married before 1051 at France: Élizabeth N?

45. Élizabeth6 N? (André Roux: Scrolls, 53.) (Stuart, Page 248, Line 354-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 04 February 1995, at 15:14 Hours.). Married Name: de Château-du-loir. Born: before 1037 Élizabeth is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Gervais was born. Married before 1051 at France: Robert, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir,, son of Hamelin=Haimon, Seigneur de Château-du-Loir and Hildegarde=Hildeburges de Bellême. Died: circa 1095 Élizabeth was alive in the year 1067.

46. N?6 N? Married before 1055: Mathilde N?

47. Mathilde6 N? Born: before 1035 Mathilde is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time her dauther, Aremburge, was born. Married before 1055: N? N?

48. Richard II, Duke6 de Normandie (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-32; Page 134, Line 176-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Also Known As: Richard "Le Bon" (Abbott, Page 219.). Born Illeg.: circa 958 at Normandie, France, -, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec, -. Married circa 1000: Judith de Bretagne,, daughter of I, Duke de Bretagne and Ermengarde d'Anjou. Married in 1017: Estrid of Denmark,, daughter of Svend I, King of England and Gunhild of Poland (Richard was Estrid's first husband). Repudiated: Estrid of Denmark circa 1019. Married between 1020 and 1027: Poppa N? (Poppa was Richard II's third wife). Died: on 28 Aug 1027 at Fécamp, Seine-Inférieure, Normandie, France.

49. Judith6 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 168.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-33; Page 135, Line 176-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). Married Name: de Normandie. AKA: Judith de Rennes. Born: in 982 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, daughter of Conan I, Duke de Bretagne and Ermengarde d'Anjou. Married circa 1000: Richard II, Duke de Normandie,, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec. Died: on 16 Jun 1017.

50. Fulbert6 de Falaise (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.). Occupation: See information under Arlette's Birth. Fulbert was possibly mistakenly thought of as a tanner rather than a mortician. According to a post by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] appearing on the Genealogy Bulleting Board for Royal/Noble/Heraldry issues of the Prodigy Interactive Services under Subject "Herleva de Falaise", on 23 March 1996 at 01:36 Hours], Orderic in his Historia Ecclesiastica, the knight Herluin prepared the burial of William the Conqueror. He brought persons "pollinctores" to lay out the corpse of the King, and bearers "vispillionwa", and paid them himself for the work they did. The elaborate 11th-Century description of the procedure followed in case of death in a monatery, given by Lanfranc in his monastic rule states the chamberlain was one of the persons in charge of burials. This is precisely the office Herleva's father obtained at the ducal court. Again, we owe this information to Orderic. In Book VII of the "Gesta", he writes that Duke William was the son of Duke Robert's concubine, Arlette, who was the daughter of Fulbert, Chamberlain of the Duke. The words "Fulberti Cubicularii ducis filia natus" are written on an erasure in his autographed manuscript. The original text cannot be reconstructed. Bearing in mind that the first part of the Alençon interpolation occurs in the first part of the same manuscript, it seems as if Orderic obtained frech information about Harlette's origins after he had most of the writing of the "Gesta". It is very likely that Duke Robert appointed Fulbert, Arlette's father, as his Chamberlain, after the birth of his son, William. No contemporary evidence of Fulbert's position in the ducal household, however, survives. The name of Duke William's birthplace, Falaise, is also mentioned by Orderic, for the first time. As Douglas pointed out, Robert must have met Arlette while involved in defending the place against his brother, Duke Richard III [1026 - 1027]. We may conclude that all information about Arlette's origins derives from Orderic Vitalis who wrote more than eighty years after Duke Robert met his concubine at Falaise. In that town, William was born. Hi mother Arlette was the daughter of Fulbert who, as a pollinctor, had laid out corpses for burial and who might therefore have been an embalmer. At an unknown date, after William's birth, Fulbert became ducal Chamberlain. The story that he was peltere, tanner, or tailor was stated in the works of Wace and of Benoit in the second half of the 12th. Century. This tradition was enhanced by the influence of the two 17th. Century Editions of the "Gesta". This was written by Elisabeth M.C. van Houts at Girton College, Cambridge and appeared in the "English Historical Review" in April, 1986 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Posted by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# XZRB52A] in Subject "Herleva de Falaise" on 23 March 1996 at 00:39 Hours.). Born: before 988 Fulbert is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Arlette was born. Married before 1003: Dode N? (Dode=Doda was a concubine).

51. Dode6 N? (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-31.). Married Name: de Falaise. Born: before 988 Dode is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Arlette was born. Married before 1003: Fulbert de Falaise (Dode=Doda was a concubine). Died: after 1003.

52. Baudouin IV, Count6 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 200.) (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Baudouin IV de Lille. AKA: Baldwin IV, Count de Valenciennes Baudouin IV was created Comte de Valenciennes in 1007 (von Redlich, Page 235.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Barbu" (von Redlich, Page 183.). AKA: Baudouin IV, Comte d'Artois. Born: circa 980 at Flandre, Belgium, son of Arnoul II, Count de Flandre and Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy. Married between 1005 and 1012: Ogive = Cunégonde de Luxembourg,, daughter of Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg and Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg (Ogive was Baudouin IV's first wife). Married after 1013: Éléonore de Normandie,, daughter of Richard II, Duke de Normandie and Judith de Bretagne (Éléonore was Baudouin IV's second wife. While earlier sources indicate that Baudouin IV and Éléonore were married, the 1980's edition of E.S. dropped her, and also changed Judith's parentage, and indicates that no daughter of Richard II de Normandie married Baudouin IV. By extension, it may also be that Baudouin IV did not marry twice). PaterAlter in 1028 Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre/Judith de Normandie (an unknown value). Died: on 30 May 1035.

53. Ogive = Cunégonde6 de Luxembourg (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 200.) (Stuart, Page 247, Line 353-34.). Married Name: de Flandre. Born: circa 995 at Luxembourg, daughter of Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg and Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg. Married between 1005 and 1012: Baudouin IV, Count de Flandre,, son of Arnoul II, Count de Flandre and Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy (Ogive was Baudouin IV's first wife). Died: on 21 Feb 1030.

Robert II, King of France.

Robert II is excommunicated.

54. Robert II, King6 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 80, 114.) (Hallam, Page 71.) (Stuart, Page 99, Line 134-33.) (Castelot, Tome I, Pages 439 - 449; Tome II, Page 490.). Also Known As: Robert "Le Pieux." AKA: Robert II, Duke de Bourgogne Arms: "Bandé d'or et d'azur à six pièces à la bordure de gueules" (Abbott, Page 198.). Born: between 27 Mar 970 and 972 at Orléans, Loiret, Orléanais, France, son of Hughes II, King de France and Adélaïde de Poitiers, Some sources indicate that Robert II was born in the year 972 while other indicate the date 27 March 970 which would make his birth some three months after his father, Hughes Capet's, marriage to his mother, Adélaïde. Married before 984 at France: Constance de Provence,, daughter of Guillaume I/II, Count de Provence and Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou (Constance was Robert II's third wife. Constance would immediately satisfy Robert's needs for a male heir by giving him four boys, but her cruelty [when Constance spotted one of her mentors accused of heresy opn his way to the pyre to be burned alive, she stepped up to him and pierced one of his eyes with the pin of her corsage] and Southern ways would alienated and antagonize the Court. The couple remained married beyond 1010, after Robert had been persuaded by Pope Sergius IV not to divorce Constance, but continued to quarrel until Robert's death. Hughes, their eldest son, was crowned in 1017, but died in 1025. The next son, Henry, was Robert's choice, but Constance favored their third son, Robert and fomented rebellions in his favor). Married in 989: Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Bérenger II, King of Italy and Willa d'Arles (It is considered a strange idea on the part of Hughes that his young son should marry a woman who was some 32-years [some say she was even 37 years] older than Robert. In 988, she had become the widow of Arnoul II de Flandre. She is quite pretty but has "troubling" black eyes, but most importantly, she brings as dowry Montreuil-sur-Mer. This will allow the capetian sovereigns to have access to the French Channel). Repudiated: Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy in 992 at France Robert II repudiated his wife because she was "an old woman", but he would keep the dowry of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Note - between 0996 and 1031: Robert II became King of France upon the death of his father on 24 October 996. In 1000, Angers is destroyed by fire. When the King's Uncle, Henri, Duke of Burgundy died without heir in 1002. Married in 997 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne,, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France (Robert had made Berthe, the beautiful widow of the Count of Anjou, his mistress in 996. But because it was better to sin a little bit than to sin a lot, he married her as King. They are related in the third degree, and Robert is the godfather of one of Berthe's children. This spiritual relationship makes the marriage incestuous in the eyes of the Church. In 998, the Council, called by then Pope Gregory V, stipulates that Robert should leave Berthe forever, and do penance for 7 years in accordance with the of the Church. In the midst of the deliberations, Gregory V dies and is replaced by Pope Sylvester II who is none other than the Monk, Gerbert, ancient mentor of the King. However, while the pronouncement of an anathema is lifted, the excommunication is maintained. In 1001, Robert concedes. Two years later, in 1003, he marries Constance. That same year on 7 February 1003, the old Queen Suzanne died). Repudiated: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne between 1001 and 1003. Died: on 20 Jul 1031 at Meulun, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de- France, France, Robert II is buried at Saint Denis.

55. Constance6 de Provence (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 114.) (Hallam, Page 73.) (Stuart, Page 236, Line 333-34.). Married Name: de France. AKA: Constance d'Arles. AKA: Constance de Toulouse. Note -: Constance was an imperious and unscrupulous woman who polarized the French court into two factions: one favoring herself and the Angevin faction, the other Bertha and her sons. Soon after the death of Robert Le Pieux in 1031, Constance seized on behalf of her son and favorite Robert the towns and castles of Senlis, Sens, Béthisy, Dammartin, Le Puiset, Melun and Poissy. She bought the support of Odo II of Blois by handing over half of Sens to him. Henry, the designated and crowned heir to the throne fled for assistance to Robert the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy, and obtained help from Gulk de Nerra as well. Thus, Henry was able to regain Poissy, Le Puiset, and Constance surrendered to him. Her first cousin, Fulk Nerra had Hugues, Count de (one of Bertha's sons) assassinated in 1008. In 1010, the King tried to divorce Constance, but was dissuaded from this by Pope Sergius IV. Born: before 970 at Anjou, France, daughter of Guillaume I/II, Count de Provence and Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou. Married before 984 at France: Robert II, King de France,, son of Hughes II, King de France and Adélaïde de Poitiers (Constance was Robert II's third wife. Constance would immediately satisfy Robert's needs for a male heir by giving him four boys, but her cruelty [when Constance spotted one of her mentors accused of heresy opn his way to the pyre to be burned alive, she stepped up to him and pierced one of his eyes with the pin of her corsage] and Southern ways would alienated and antagonize the Court. The couple remained married beyond 1010, after Robert had been persuaded by Pope Sergius IV not to divorce Constance, but continued to quarrel until Robert's death. Hughes, their eldest son, was crowned in 1017, but died in 1025. The next son, Henry, was Robert's choice, but Constance favored their third son, Robert and fomented rebellions in his favor). Died: on 25 Jul 1032 at Meulan, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de-France, France (Stuart, Page 236.). Buried: on 28 Jul 1032.

56. Crinan, Mormaer of6 Athol (Stuart, Page 186, Line 252-34.). AKA: Crinan "The Thane." AKA: Crinan, Earl of Strathclyde. AKA: Crinan, Abbot of (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I826.html as of 1 November 1998.). Note -: Crinan was Thane of Albanock and Grimus, of the Kin of Saint Columba, , Governor of Scots Island. Born: in 978 at Scotland, son of Duncan, Thane of Dule and N? N? Married in 1000 at Scotland: Bethoc=Béatrix, Princess of Scotland,, daughter of Malcolm II, King of Strathclyde and N? N? (In what was probably a shrewd political move, Malcolm II married his daughter, Bethoc, to a representative of the other major center of political power in Scotland, the Church. Considering the close ties between the ruling and the offices of major abbacies throughout and Scotland, it is also possible that Crinan was descended from a King of the Scots, which would completely legitimize his son's rule. The only notice of Crinan or Bethoc in the sources is Crinan's death in 1045, which was probably the result of an unsuccessful attempt to oust MacBeth) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I828.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). Died: in 1045 at Scotland Crinan was slain in battle with MacBeth while attempting to avenge the murder of his son Duncan I (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 18, 36.).

57. Bethoc=Béatrix, Princess of6 Scotland (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-33.) (O'Hart, Page 39, #107.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 18, 34, 36.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). Married Name: Thane. Born: circa 984 at Angus, Scotland, daughter of Malcolm II, King of Strathclyde and N? N? Married Name: Athol (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I828.html as of 28 October 1998.). Married in 1000 at Scotland: Crinan, Mormaer of Athol,, son of Duncan, Thane of Dule and N? N? (In what was probably a shrewd political move, Malcolm II married his daughter, Bethoc, to a representative of the other major center of political power in Scotland, the Church. Considering the close ties between the ruling dynasties and the offices of major abbacies throughout Ireland and Scotland, it is also possible that Crinan was descended from a King of the Scots, which would completely legitimize his son's rule. The only notice of Crinan or Bethoc in the sources is Crinan's death in 1045, which was probably the result of an unsuccessful attempt to oust MacBeth) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I828.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). Died: after 1005.

60. Edmund II, King of6 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-34.). Also Known As: Edmund "Ironside." Born: circa 989 at Wessex, England, son of Aethelred II, King of England and Aelgifu=Elgiva de Northumbria. Married in Aug 1015 at London, England: Ealdgyth of Northumbria,, daughter of Morcor, High Reeve of Northumbria and Eadgyth of (Ealdgyth was Edmund's second wife). Note - in 1016: Edmund was chosen King of England 23 April 1016. He lasted until 30 November 1016. Died: on 30 Nov 1016 at London, England, King Edmund II is buried at Glastonbury. 61. Ealdgyth of6 Northumbria. Married Name: Denmark. Married Name: England. Born: before 995, daughter of Morcor, High Reeve of Northumbria and Eadgyth of Mercia, Ealdgyth is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time she married Edmund. Married before 1014: Siegferth, Earldorman of Denmark (Siegferth was Ealdgyth's first husband). Married in Aug 1015 at London, England: Edmund II, King of England,, son of Aethelred II, King of England and Aelgifu=Elgiva de Northumbria (Ealdgyth was Edmund's second wife). Significant-Other: Aethelred II, King of England before 1016 - Ealdgyth was mistress to King Ethelred. Significant-Other: Canute, King of England before 1030 - Ealdgyth was King Canute's paramour. Note - before 1030: Ealdgyth is said to have been the most desireable woman in what was to become England. In rotation, she was the mistress of King Olaf the Saint, wife to King Edmund, King Edwy the Fair, King Ethelred the Unready and King Canute's Paramour. This voluptuous, and passionate woman was the equal to the acknowledged sexual insatiability of King Edwy, though at times she was forced to recruit her mother. The Archbishop of is said to have had to drag this satyr from bed where he lay with the two women, to compel attendance at his own . After her husband's death, the Church punished her for her "sins" by excommunication, branding, hamstringing and finally sending her to Northern Ireland. Because of alternative spellings of her name, she may be confused with several other women according to Carr's "Dictionary of English Queens, Kings' wives, Celebrated Paramours, Handfast Spouses, and Royal Changelings." Died: circa 1030.

62. Ludwig6 von Braunschweig (Stuart, Page 19, Line 32-32.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 13 December 1994 at 18:33 Hours; E.S., 1980's.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). AKA: Ludwig, Count de Derlinger. AKA: Ludwig, Margrave of West Friesland. AKA: Liudolf, Margrave de Frisé. Born: circa 1003, son of Bruno von Braunschweig and Gisèle de Souabe. Married before 1024: Gertrude von Egisheim,, daughter of Hughes IV/VI, Count von Egisheim and Heilwig von Dagsburg. Died: on 23 Apr 1038.

63. Gertrude6 von Egisheim (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-32.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: von Braunschweig. Born: circa 1006, daughter of Hughes IV/VI, Count von Egisheim and Heilwig von Dagsburg (Ibid.). Married before 1024: Ludwig von Braunschweig,, son of Bruno von Braunschweig and Gisèle de Souabe. Died: on 21 Jul 1077 (Ibid.).

--- 7th Generation ---

64. Albert, Sire7 du Perche (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 262 - 264.). Born: circa 950, son of Azenar, Sire d'Orléans and Hildeburgis, Dame de Bellême. Married circa 969: N? de Châteaudun,, daughter of Geoffroy = Gausfred II, Vicomte de Châteaudun and Hermengarde = Hildegard N? Died: in 1036 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 264.).

65. N?7 de Châteaudun (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 262 - 264.). Married Name: du Perche. Born: circa 955, daughter of Geoffroy = Gausfred II, Vicomte de Châteaudun and Hermengarde = Hildegard N? Married circa 969: Albert, Sire du Perche,, son of Azenar, Sire d'Orléans and Hildeburgis, Dame de Bellême. Died: in 987.

66. Albéric=Aubri II, Count7 de Mâcon (Stuart, Page 78, Line 101-33.). AKA: Albéric II, Count de Bourgogne. Born: between 0931 and 0935 at Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, son of Liétaud II, Count de Mâcon and Ermengarde de Vergy (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 244, 257.). Married before 956: Ermentrude de Reims,, daughter of Renaud, Count de Reims and Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine. Died: between 0975 and 0982 Albéric was alive in the year 952. Sources do not agree as to the date of death. The Archives lists him on the early side with being deceased in 975 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques de La Noblesse de France ou Receuil de Preuves, Mémoires et Notices Généalogiques in Imprimerie de Béthune, Rue Palatine, No. 5, 1 - 11 (No. 1, Rue du Paon-Saint-André-des-Arcs, Paris, France: M. Lainé, 1828 - 1850), Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Page 7.).

67. Ermentrude7 de Reims (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 193, 269.) (Stuart, Page 70, Line 92-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married Name: Ermentrude, Countess de Mâcon. AKA: Ermentrude, Queen de Lombardie. Married Name: de Bourgogne. AKA: Ermengarde de Roucy (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Page 7.). Born: circa 938 at Reims, Marne, Champagne, France, daughter of Renaud, Count de Reims and Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine, For reasons that are not clear the British call it Rheims rather than Reims. Married before 956: Albéric=Aubri II, Count de Mâcon,, son of Liétaud II, Count de Mâcon and Ermengarde de Vergy. Married before 973: Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne,, son of Adelbert II, King de Lombardie and Gerberge=Garsinde de Chalon (Ermentrude was Otton's first wife). Died: on 5 Mar 1005 Some sources indicate Ermentrude may have died in 1002.

68. Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count7 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 29 April 1994 at 13:38 Hours.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 241, 247.). Also Known As: Geoffroy "Grisegonelle" ("Greymantle"). Born: circa 930 at France, son of Fouques II, Count d'Anjou and Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Married before 952: Adela N? Occupation: between 0958 and 0987 at Anjou, France, Geofroy I was the Seneschal of France. He continued his father's efforts to dominate Bretagne, and thus obtained parts of - the Loudunais, which following a lapse of time was annexed by Anjou - the Mauge. By the Spring of 985, Geoffroy d'Anjou had already gained a foothold in the Vendômois by granting a benefice to an important landholder, Fulcrad de Vendôme. Geoffroy spent a great deal of time with Bouchard de Vendôme, and with Hughes Capet's blessing, Geoffroy arranged for the marriage of his son and heir, Foulk Nera with Bouchard's heiress, Élisabeth, thereby setting the on his alliance with both Bouchard and Hughes Capet (Abbott, Pages 143 - 144.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 199.). Married in 965 at France: Adélaïs de Vermandois,, daughter of Robert, Count de Chalon and Adélaïs=Were de Bourgogne (Some sources indicate that this Adélaïs also married first Robert de Vermandois, Count de Meaux and Troyes, then marrying Lambert de Chalon. Then, marrying as her third husband, Geofroy I. If her birthdate is accurate these marriages are improbable). Died: on 21 Jul 987 Geofroy I died as a consequence of wounds received at the Siege of Marçon, a castle belonging to Odon de Blois which controlled the route between Dissay-sous-Courcillon and Vendôme. The Siege was conducted by Hughes Capet and Geoffroy against Odon Rufinus, a vassal of Odon de Blois (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 199.).

69. Adélaïs7 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 147. ) (Stuart, Page 115, Line 157-34; Page 125, Line 167-35.). AKA: Adèle de Troyes. AKA: Adélaïde, Comtesse de Chalon (Abbott, Page 207.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Born: in 950 at France, daughter of Robert, Count de Chalon and Adélaïs=Were de Bourgogne, Some sources have Adélaïs born circa 934. Married in 965 at France: Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count d'Anjou,, son of Fouques II, Count d'Anjou and Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais (Some sources indicate that this Adélaïs also married first Robert de Vermandois, Count de Meaux and Troyes, then marrying Lambert de Chalon. Then, marrying as her third husband, Geofroy I. If her birthdate is accurate these marriages are improbable). Died: between 0976 and 0982.

72. Guillaume, Count7 de Hainaut (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.). Born: between 0952 and 0973 at France, son of Amaury, Count de Hainaut and Judith de Combray. Married before 1011 at France: N., Dame de Montfort.

73. N., Dame7 de Montfort (Ibid.). AKA: N., Dame d'Épernon. Married Name: de Hainaut. Born: before 996 at France She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Amaury II was born. Married before 1011 at France: Guillaume, Count de Hainaut,, son of Amaury, Count de Hainaut and Judith de Combray.

74. Guillaume7 de Gometz (Stuart, Page 68, Line 90-30.). AKA: Guyllaume I, Seigneur de Bures. Born: before 996 Guillaume is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Bertrade was born. Married before 1011: N? N?

75. N?7 N? Married before 1011: Guillaume de Gometz.

76. Robert, Comte7 de Normandie (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:28 Hours.). AKA: Robert, Archbishop de Rouen. AKA: Robert, Count d'Évreux (Abbott, Page 230.). Born: circa 964 at Normandie, France, son of Richard I, Duke de Normandie and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec. Significant-Other: Ila d'Herlève before 985 - Ila was Robert's concubine. Occupation: between 0989 and 1037 Robert was the Archbishop of Rouen from 989 to 1037. He was also the Count of Évreux. Died: in 1037.

77. Ila7 d'Herlève (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 242.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 168-33.). Married Name: de Normandie. Born: in 968 at Normandie, France. Significant-Other: Robert, Comte de Normandie before 985 - Ila was Robert's concubine. Died: after 986.

78. Raymond I dit Borel III, Count7 de Barcelone (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-34.). AKA: Raymond Borrel I, Count de Gerona. AKA: Raymond dit Borel, Count de Osona. Born: in 972, son of Borel II, Count de Barcelone and Ledgarde=Luitgarde de Toulouse. Married in 990: Ermessinde de Carcassonne,, daughter of Roger I, Seigneur de Comminges and Adélaïde de Rouergue. Died: on 25 Feb 1017.

79. Ermessinde7 de Carcassonne (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Foix" posted on 21 March 1995 at 02:11 Hours.). Married Name: de Barcelone. AKA: de Comminges. Born: before 980 at Carcassonnais, France, daughter of Roger I, Seigneur de Comminges and Adélaïde de Rouergue, Ermessinde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Raymond dit Borel. Married in 990: Raymond I dit Borel III, Count de Barcelone,, son of Borel II, Count de Barcelone and Ledgarde=Luitgarde de Toulouse. Died: on 1 Mar 1057.

80. Landry, Sire7 de Beaugency (André Roux: Scrolls, 196.) (Stuart, Page 3, Line 4-33.). Born: before 989 at Beaugency, Orléanais, France Landry was alive in the year 1000 and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Lancelin I [provided that pedigree is correct], was born. Married before 1006: N? N?

81. N?7 N? Married before 1006: Landry, Sire de Beaugency.

82. Herbert I, Count7 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-32.) (Abbott, Page 130.). Also Known As: Herbert "Éveille- Chiens." Born: circa 978 at France, son of Hughes III, Count du Maine and N? de Guiscard (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married before 1010: N? N? Note - in 1016: Herbert "Wake Dog", successor of Hugh III was obliged to fight against Odo of Blois at Pontlevoy in 1016 on behalf of his overlord, Fulk IV of Anjou (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 192.). Died: on 13 Apr 1036.

83. N?7 N? Married before 1010: Herbert I, Count du Maine,, son of Hughes III, Count du Maine and N? de Guiscard.

84. Azon, Marquis7 de Ligurie (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 19 August 1994 at 15:59 Hours.). AKA: Alberto Azzo II, Marquis de Lombardie. AKA: Alberto Azzo II, Marquis d'Este (Stuart, Page 28, Line 43-33.). Note -: Alberto Azzo II was sent by the Pope on a mission to the Hungarians. Born: in 997 at Italy, son of Alberto Azzo I, Marchese de Ligurie and Adela N? (Paul Theroff, posts, Posted on the Internet, at Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://members.aol.com/ptheroff/genfiles/welf1.txt, 04 August 1996 at 03:29 hours.). Married in 1035: Kunigunde of Altdorf,, daughter of Welf II, Count of Altdorf and Ermentrude de Luxembourg. Married between 1048 and 1049: Gersende, Comtesse du Maine,, daughter of Herbert I, Count du Maine and N? N? (Azon was Gersende's second husband). Died: on 20 Aug 1097 at Hungary "aged 100 years" when he died.

85. Gersende, Comtesse7 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Abbott, Page 130.). Married Name: de Blois. Married Name: de Champagne. Married Name: de Ligurie. PaterAlter before 1023 Gersende, Comtesse du Maine/Herbert II, Count du Maine (an unknown value) (Ibid.). Born: circa 1025 at Chartres, Blois, Orléanais, France, daughter of Herbert I, Count du Maine and N? N?, André Roux shows Gersende as daughter of Herbert I, but Abbott shows the Gersende who married Azzo I as daughter of Herbert II (Ibid.). Married before 1037: Thibaud III, Count de Blois,, son of Eudes II, Count de Blois and Ermengarde d'Auvergne (Gersende was Thibaud III's first wife). Repudiated: Thibaud III, Count de Blois in 1048 at France. Married between 1048 and 1049: Azon, Marquis de Ligurie,, son of Alberto Azzo I, Marchese de Ligurie and Adela N? (Azon was Gersende's second husband). Died: circa 1074.

88. Hamelin=Haimon, Seigneur7 de Château-du-Loir (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 256.) (Stuart, Page 247, Line 354-33.) (Abbott, Page 133.). AKA: Hamon, Sheriff of Kent. Note -: Hamelin was a companion of William the Conqueror. Born: before 996 at Maine, France, son of Hamon, Seigneur de Cruelli and N? N? Married before 1006: Hildegarde=Hildeburges de Bellême,, daughter of Yves I, Count de Bellême and Godehilde=Gordeschilda de Ponthieu. Died: on 27 Oct 1035.

89. Hildegarde=Hildeburges7 de Bellême (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 256.) (Stuart, Page 247, Line 354-33.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 291.). Married Name: de Château-du-Loir. AKA: Hildegarde d'Alençon. AKA: Godhaut de Creil. Born: before 991 at Alençon, Orne, Maine, France, daughter of Yves I, Count de Bellême and Godehilde=Gordeschilda de Ponthieu, Hildegarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Robert was born. Married before 1006: Hamelin=Haimon, Seigneur de Château- du-Loir,, son of Hamon, Seigneur de Cruelli and N? N? Died: on 27 Oct 1035.

96. Richard I, Duke7 de Normandie (______, Personal Research. References with "FHL" numbers refer to the microfilm number availble from the Family Home Library headquartered in Salt Lake City, with local branches. in no series (n.p.: n.pub., n.d.), Encyclopedic Research.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 195, 242.) (Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish kingdom under the Carolingians: 751-987 (Singapore: Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd, (c) 1983), Page 238.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Richard, Regent de France Richard was the Regent of France from 956 to 960. Also Known As: Richard "Sans Peur" ("The Fearless") (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: in 933 at Fécamp, Caux, Normandie, France, son of Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie and Sprote de Bretagne. Note - between 0942 and 0965: When in 942 Richard I's father (Longue Épée) was murdered at the instigation of Arnoul, Count of Flanders, Richard was still a minor. Louis IV and Hugh The Great both tried to seize Normandy, and Louis took charge of Richard. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, and retook Rouen. From 947, Richard governed in relative peace and in 965, he swore allegiance to the Carolingian King Lothar. Officially married to Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great; they had no children, but from his common-law wife Gonnor, a Dane, they had many. Married between 0956 and 0960 at France: Emma de France,, daughter of Hughes, dux Francorum and Hadwige, Princess de Saxe. Significant-Other: Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec before 958 -. Married in 978: Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec,, daughter of Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon and Cyrid N? (Lady Gonnor was Richard's common-law wife as Richard had no children with his wife Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great). Significant-Other: N? N? before 988 - She was a concubine of Richard I. Died: on 20 Nov 996 at Fécamp, Caux, Normandie, France.

97. Gonnor, Dame7 de Bolbec (André Roux: Scrolls, 36.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-33.). Married Name: de Normandie. AKA: Gonnor, Dame de Crépon. Born: circa 936 at France, daughter of Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon and Cyrid N?, According to some sources, Lady Gonnor's parentage is unknown other than that her parents were Danes. Significant-Other: Richard I, Duke de Normandie before 958 -. Married in 978: Richard I, Duke de Normandie,, son of Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie and Sprote de Bretagne (Lady Gonnor was Richard's common-law wife as Richard had no children with his wife Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great). Died: in 1031 at France.

98. Conan I, Duke7 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 147, 166.) (Stuart, Page 237, Line 334-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours.). AKA: Conan, Count de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Also Known As: Conan "Le Tort." Born: before 953, son of Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes and Gerberge de Bretagne, Conan I is presumed to have been born before his father was 50 years of age. Married either 0973 or 0980 at France: Ermengarde d'Anjou,, daughter of Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count d'Anjou and Adela N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Died: on 27 Jun 992 at Conquereuil, Loire-Inférieure, Bretagne, France, Conan I was killed.

99. Ermengarde7 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147, 166.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 250-251.). Married Name: de Bretagne. Born: in 952 at France, daughter of Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count d'Anjou and Adela N? Married either 0973 or 0980 at France: Conan I, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes and Gerberge de Bretagne (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Died: after 983.

104. Arnoul II, Count7 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Rosamond, Page 251 - 252.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 141-34.). Also Known As: Arnoul "Le Jeune" (von Redlich, Page 183.) (Abbott, Page 292.). AKA: Arnould, Comte d'Artois. Born: in 961, son of Baudouin III, Count de Flandre and Mahaut=Mathilda de Saxe. Married in 968: Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Bérenger II, King of Italy and Willa d'Arles. Note - between 0976 and 0987: Despite the support of King Lothaire, the position of the Counts of Flanders deteriorated rapidly after the death of Arnoul I. When Arnoul II became Count in 976 and paid to the King, he was unable to exert any authority over Boulonais and Ternois. Courtrai, Ghent and Waas also broke away from him. On Arnoul II's death in 987, Hugh Capet married his son Robert to Arnoul's widow Susanna, and Flanders came temporarily under Capetian control. Died: on 30 Mar 987 Arnoul II is burried in Ghent.

105. Rosèla=Suzanne, Princess of7 Italy (Hallam.) (Stuart, Page 236, Line 332-35.). AKA: Rosèle de Montreuil-sur-Mer. Married Name: de France. Born: circa 950, daughter of Bérenger II, King of Italy and Willa d'Arles. Note - in 966: Rosela was the heiress of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Married in 968: Arnoul II, Count de Flandre,, son of Baudouin III, Count de Flandre and Mahaut=Mathilda de Saxe. Married in 989: Robert II, King de France,, son of Hughes II, King de France and Adélaïde de Poitiers (It is considered a strange idea on the part of Hughes that his young son should marry a woman who was some 32-years [some say she was even 37 years] older than Robert. In 988, she had become the widow of Arnoul II de Flandre. She is quite pretty but has "troubling" black eyes, but most importantly, she brings as dowry Montreuil-sur-Mer. This will allow the capetian sovereigns to have access to the French Channel). Repudiated: Robert II, King de France in 992 at France Robert II repudiated his wife because she was "an old woman", but he would keep the dowry of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Died: on 7 Feb 1003.

106. Frédéric I, Count7 de Luxembourg (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 200.) (Stuart, Page 247.). AKA: Frédéric I, comte de Moselgau (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: circa 965, son of Sigefroy, Count de Luxembourg and Hedvige d'Alsace. Married between 0985 and 0995: Ermentrude, Countess von Gleiberg,, daughter of Heribert, Count von Gleiberg and Ermentrude von Avalgau. Died: on 6 Oct 1019.

107. Ermentrude, Countess7 von Gleiberg (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-35.). Married Name: de Luxembourg. AKA: Irmentrude Konradiner. Born: before 975, daughter of Heribert, Count von Gleiberg and Ermentrude von Avalgau, Ermentrude is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Frédérick I. Married between 0985 and 0995: Frédéric I, Count de Luxembourg,, son of Sigefroy, Count de Luxembourg and Hedvige d'Alsace. 108. Hughes II, King7 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Hallam, Pages 67 - 69.) (Stuart, Page 99, Line 134-34.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 415, 424.). AKA: Hughes Capet, Count de Paris. AKA: Hughes Capet, Count de Poitou. AKA: Hughes Capet, Count d'Orléans. AKA: Hughes Capet, Comte d'Auxerre (Abbott, Page 202.). AKA: Hughes Capet. Born: between 0939 and 0941, son of Hughes, dux Francorum and Hadwige, Princess de Saxe. Married in Jan 970 at France: Adélaïde de Poitiers,, daughter of Guillaume=William I, Comte d'Aquitaine and Adèle de Normandie (Some sources indicate that Alice and Hughes were married in 968). Note - between 0987 and 0996 at France: Hughes became King crowned and anointed on 3 July 987 in Noyon. Hughes was the Chief of the , and ruled as King from 987 to 996 with the support of Adalbéron, Archbishop of Reims, and of the ecclesiastical Feudal churchmen. In 970, he married Adélaïde de Poitiers, daughter of Guillaume III "Tête d'Étoupe", . In the first month, hoping to secure the support of the Emperor Lothar, Hughes returns Verdun to him. On 25 December 987, he has his son, Robert, crowned King in the Cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans, to rule over the peoples West from the Meuse to the Ocean. He then gets the idea in his head to have his son marry Suzanne known as Rosala, daughter of the ex-King of Italy Berenger II, and widow that very year of Arnould II, Comte de Flandre. She is however 32, some claim 35, years older than young Robert. Her dowry would bring to the Capetian House, Montreuil-sur-Mer and direct access to the Channel. He was victorious over the last Carolingiens, Charles de Lorraine, with the help of Arnoul, Bishop of Orléans, and was at the mercy of his vassals most notably the lords of Blois. His beginnings were very weak: Consider the dispute: While Adalbert, Comte de Périgord, laid siege to Tours, King Hughes and his son, Robert, would never dare to declare war on him, but they asked him "Who made you Count?", and Adalbert answered "Who made you King?". Succinctly put, this summarizes Hughes' difficult situation. Upon the death of Théophano, Empress of Germany, one of Hughes most potent enemies, one who had supported Charles de Lorraine and the Archbishop Arnoul de Reims against Hughes, was eliminated in 992. However, Eudes de Chartres would take Melun. At this time, Hughes was in accord with Foulques Nerra, Comte d'Anjou. Richard of Rouen also is called to the rescue and Melun is given back to its rightful owner, Bouchard de Vendôme. He had his son Robert canonized. The direct line of Hughes ruled for twelve succeeding generations following his death in 996 until 1328. Early kings associated their elder sons with the Throne during their lifetime. While the direct line appeared content to use the name Capet, once the direct line was broken, the cadet line preferred to use the more euphonious names of Valois and Bourbon they derived from their fiefs. Died: on 24 Oct 996 at Les Juifs, France, Les Juifs is near Chartres. Hughes is buried at Saint Denis.

109. Adélaïde7 de Poitiers (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Stuart, Page 119, Line 163-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). Married Name: de France (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Alice de Poitou. AKA: Adélaïde d'Aquitaine. Born: circa 950 at Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou, France, daughter of Guillaume=William I, Comte d'Aquitaine and Adèle de Normandie, History would remember Adélaïde, the first capetian Queen of France, for her charity and piety. She was the founder of the de Saint-Frambault as well as of the Convent d'Argenteuil. Married in Jan 970 at France: Hughes II, King de France,, son of Hughes, dux Francorum and Hadwige, Princess de Saxe (Some sources indicate that Alice and Hughes were married in 968). Died: between 1004 and 1006.

110. Guillaume I/II, Count7 de Provence (André Roux: Scrolls, 114, 147.) (Stuart, Page 236, Line 333-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 2 May 1994 at 14:37 Hours.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 419.) (Abbott, Page 606.). AKA: Guillaume II d'Arles. Born: circa 955 at Anjou, France, son of Bozon II, Count d'Arles and Folcoare=Constance de Toulouse. Occupation: in 968 Guillaume was the Count de Provence at Arles in the year 968, and the Marquis of Provence. Married before Apr 970: Arsinde de Comminges,, daughter of Arnold I, Comte de Comminges and Arsende, Countess de Carcassonne (Arsinde was Guillaume I/II's first wife). Married in 985 at France: Adélaïs=Adèle d'Anjou,, daughter of Fouques II, Count d'Anjou and Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais ("Regina, sese viduatam dolens ..., Wilelmum Arelatensem [Wilhelm of Arles] adiit, eique nupsit") (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 248.). Occupation: between 0992 and 0994 at Avignon, Provence, France, Guillaume I/II was a priest in Avignon. Died: circa 994 at Avignon, France, Guillaume died a priest.

111. Adélaïs=Adèle7 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 85, 147.). Married Name: de France. Married Name: Blanche de Provence. Married Name: de Gévaudan. Married Name: de Toulouse (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 248-249.). AKA: N? N? Born: circa 930 at France, daughter of Fouques II, Count d'Anjou and Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais, According to Stuart's Royalty for Commoners, this Adélaïde was known as "Blanche", where André Roux claims the daughter of Geoffroy [son of Fouques II] was Known as Blanche. Adélaïs is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Étienne (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 946: Raimond de Toulouse,, son of Raymond III, Count de Toulouse and Garsinde de Gascogne ('Qui suscepti a regina id sibi videri optimum dixerunt Ludovico regi assciscendam conjugem Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gothorum olim uxorem." In an act of 1021, Adélaïde, Comtesse de Provence, previously and briefly Queen of France, acknowledges the existence of her son Willem III de Toulouse and his wife the Countess Emma. In addition, a Papal Bull from Pope Benoit VIII is addressed to Count Willem of Toulouse and his mother Adélaïde, as follows: "domno Willelmo comiti ... et domno Hugoni comiti, domnoque Rainaldo comito filio ... Willelmi ... et ... dignissimae domnae Adeleidi comitissae, cognomento Blanchae, nuruque ejus domnae Gerberge comitissae." - The Pope clearly specifies that the Countess Adelaide, known as Blanche has as step- daughter Gerberge, daughter of Otto-Wilhelm from his first spouse Ermentrude of Mâcon. The Benedictin Monks of the 18th. Century upon which most works on the genealogy of the House of Toulouse are based, apparently dismissed the significance of these documents) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 248-249.). Married before 955 at France: Étienne, Comte de Gévaudan,, son of Ermengaud, Count de Rouergue and Adélaïs=Alaïs de Toulouse (Étienne was Adélaïde's first husband) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married in 982 at Brioude, Aquitaine, France: Louis V, King de France,, son of Lothaire, King de France and Emma, Princess of Italy (Adélaïde was the widow of Stephen (Étienne), Count of Gévaudun, when she married the young King Louis V, son of King Lothaire -- she being much older than he. Conjugal love between the couple was nil. After all, King Louis was still an adolescent and she was quite old and set in her ways. They refused to share a common bed. They even had different residences. Not surprisingly, Adélaïde bore Louis no children). Divorced Louis V, King de France: in 984 at France (When King Louis V's father felt that his son was having problems and also that he lacked the dignity expected of royalty, he came to Brioude to confer with him. They left Brioude together. The Queen, Adélaïde, feeling abandoned, sought support from Guillaume d'Arles and married him. The divorce from Louis followed shortly). Divorced Louis V, King de France: in 984 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Married in 985 at France: Guillaume I/II, Count de Provence,, son of Bozon II, Count d'Arles and Folcoare=Constance de Toulouse ("Regina, sese viduatam dolens ..., Wilelmum Arelatensem [Wilhelm of Arles] adiit, eique nupsit") (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 248.). Married in 1016: Otto-Guillaume, Duke de Bourgogne,, son of Adelbert II, King de Lombardie and Gerberge=Garsinde de Chalon (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married Name: de Bourgogne (Ibid.). Died: in 1026 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

112. Duncan, Thane of7 Dule (Stuart, Page 186, Line 252-35.). AKA: Duncan, Lord of Atholl. Born: before 953 at Scotland, son of Duncan, Thane of Dule and N? N?, Duncan is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Crinan was born. Married before 978: N? N?

113. N?7 N? Married before 978: Duncan, Thane of Dule,, son of Duncan, Thane of Dule and N? N?

114. Malcolm II, King of7 Strathclyde (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-34.). AKA: Malcolm II, King of Alba (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I828.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 18.). Born: in 954, son of Kenneth II, King of Scotland and N?, Lady of Leinster (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 34.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 982: N? N? AKA: Malcolm II, King of Scots (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by R. Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] in Subject "Scottish Clans", posted on 7 November 1997 at 03:52 Hours, citing Moriarty.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). Note - between 25 Mar 1005 and 25 Nov 1034 at Scotland: According to Ross, the dynasty founded by Kenneth MacAlpin came to a close with the long reign of Malcolm II. By 1034, a reasonably slearly defined Scottish Kingdom had emerged. He ascended to the throne in 1005, after allegedly murdering Kenneth III and his son near Perth. According to Wolford's sources, Malcolm II was King of Scotland from 1005 to 1034, effectively becoming the first King of Scotland about 1016 when he made his grandson, Duncan, King of the old British . According to Internet sources, Malcolm became King of Scots in 1005, after killing his cousin and predecessor, Kenneth, son of Dub, in a battle. He led an attack on Durham, England in 1006, but was decisively defeated after the siege was broken. He next defeated the Northumbrians at Carham on the Tweed in 1016 or 1018. Malcolm thus controlled the lands extending beyond the old Alba to take in the English-speaking Angles of southeast Scotland and Welsh-speaking Britons in the southwest. An important consequence of this battle was the death of Owen, the last native King of Strathclyde, which, from this point on, was part of the Kingdom of the Scots. A notable external event during his reign was his meeting with King Canute of England in 1031 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by R. Wolford [Prodigy ID# PDXS01A] in Subject "Scottish Clans", posted on 7 November 1997 at 03:52 Hours, citing Moriarty.) (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I828.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 34 - 35.). Died: on 25 Nov 1034 at Glamis, Scotland, Malcolm II was murdered. Malcolm had no sons, but he apparently wanted his descendants to rule the Scots, so he tried to revolutionize succession practices by arranging to have one of his grandsons succeed him. To this end, he had competing claimants of the house of Alpin [the remaining sons of Kenneth III] murdered in the early 1030's. Upon his death at age 80, he was succeeded by his grandson, Duncan (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I828.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 35.).

115. N?7 N? Married before 982: Malcolm II, King of Strathclyde,, son of Kenneth II, King of Scotland and N?, Lady of Leinster.

120. Aethelred II, King of7 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-35.). AKA: Ethelred, King of Wessex. Also Known As: Ethelred "The Unready." Born: circa 968, son of Edgar, King of England and Elfrida of East Anglia. Note - between 0978 and 1016 at Askalon: "The Unready" is derived from the original "Redeless" which translates better to "The Uncounseled". Aethelred was King of England 978 - 1013 and also 1014 - 1016. He came to the Throne of England upon the murder/assassination of his older half-brother. Married between 0984 and 0985: Aelgifu=Elgiva de Northumbria,, daughter of Thorod Gunnarsson de Northumbria and N? N? (Aelfgifu was Aethelred's first wife. According to Magna Carta, the marriage took place in 984, but according to Weis' "Ancestral Roots of 60 New England Colonists", it took place in 985). Married in 1002: Emma de Normandie,, daughter of Richard I, Duke de Normandie and Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec (Emma was Aethelred II's second wife). Significant-Other: Ealdgyth of Northumbria before 1016 - Ealdgyth was mistress to King Ethelred. Died: on 23 Apr 1016 at London, England, Aethelred II is buried at Saint Paul's Cathedral.

121. Aelgifu=Elgiva7 de Northumbria (Stuart, Page 241, Line 342-35.). Married Name: England. AKA: Aelfgifu, Queen of England. AKA: Efleda=Elgive=Elffled=Alfflaed. Born: circa 968, daughter of Thorod Gunnarsson de Northumbria and N? N? Married between 0984 and 0985: Aethelred II, King of England,, son of Edgar, King of England and Elfrida of East Anglia (Aelfgifu was Aethelred's first wife. According to Magna Carta, the marriage took place in 984, but according to Weis' "Ancestral Roots of 60 New England Colonists", it took place in 985). Died: after 997 Aelfgifu was alive in the year 989.

122. Morcor, High Reeve of7 Northumbria (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-34.). Born: before 980 Morcor is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Ealdgyth was born. Married before 995: Eadgyth of Mercia,, daughter of Wulfric, Earldorman in Mercia and N? N?

123. Eadgyth of7 Mercia (Stuart, Page 13, Line 22-34.). Married Name: Northumbria. Born: before 980, daughter of Wulfric, Earldorman in Mercia and N? N?, Eadgyth is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ealdgyth was born. Married before 995: Morcor, High Reeve of Northumbria.

124. Bruno7 von Braunschweig (Stuart, Page 19, Line 32-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 13 December 1994 at 18:33 Hours; E.S., 1980's.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). AKA: Bruno, Count de Derlinger. AKA: Bruno, Count of Brunswick. AKA: Bruno, Count in the Derlingau and Middle Friesland (Ibid.). Born: circa 960, son of Ekbert, Count von Ambergau and N? N? Married between 1000 and 1002: Gisèle de Souabe,, daughter of Hermann II, Duke de Souabe and Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne (Gisèle was Bruno's first wife, and he was her second husband). Note - before 1003: Bruno is the first proven ancestor of the early Counts of Brunswick, and he built the town of Brunswick. Died: circa 1003.

125. Gisèle7 de Souabe (Stuart, Page 149, Line 199-34; Page 45, Line 63-35; Page 251, Line 359-34.). Married Name: von Braunschweig. Married Name: Austria. Married Name: Germany. Born: on 11 Nov 985, daughter of Hermann II, Duke de Souabe and Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne. Married between 1000 and 1002: Bruno von Braunschweig,, son of Ekbert, Count von Ambergau and N? N? (Gisèle was Bruno's first wife, and he was her second husband). Married in 1013: Ernst I, Margrave of Austria,, son of Luitpold=Léopold I, Margrave of Austria and Richwara von Sualafeld. Married in 1016: Conrad II, King of Germany,, son of Henry, Duke of Franconia and Adélaïde d'Alsace (Gisèle was Conrad II's third wife and he was her third husband). Died: on 14 Feb 1043 at age 57 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

126. Hughes IV/VI, Count7 von Egisheim (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-33.) (Abbott, Page 526.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). AKA: Hughes VI, Count von Nordgau. Born: circa 965, son of Hughes V, Count d'Alsace and N? N? (Ibid.). Married between 0990 and 0995: Heilwig von Dagsburg,, daughter of Ludwig, Count von Dagsburg and Judith von Ohningen (Ibid.). Note - circa 1000: The history of Éguisheim [Egisheim] is still obscure. It has been said that the first château was constructed by a brother of the Duc d'Alsace named Éberhard, and that he gave to a group of Scottish monks, whose chief was Saint Firmin, who had settled near Lake Constance where they were not happy, lands where they established the Abbey of Murbach. But it is not possible to confirm the existence of this person, nor to say whether the first château was in the plains or on the heights. No doubt, there were Seigneurs of the name of Hughes, but it is only from Hughes IV that is is possible to hazard something concerning the line of descent. This person who lived around the year 1000, dwelt in one of the three towers of Éguisheim, named Weckmund, Wahlenbourg and Dagsbourg. His wife Heilwige was heiress of the County of Dabo [Dagsburg]. In 1026, the Château was devastated by Ernest, Duc de Souabe [Swabia], at war with his father-in-law, Conrad II (Abbott, Page 525.). Died: in 1049 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

127. Heilwig7 von Dagsburg (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-33.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: von Egisheim. AKA: Heilwige, Dame de Dabo (Abbott, Page 524.). Born: between 0970 and 0975 at Dagsburg, Moselle, Alsace, France, daughter of Ludwig, Count von Dagsburg and Judith von Ohningen (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married between 0990 and 0995: Hughes IV/VI, Count von Egisheim,, son of Hughes V, Count d'Alsace and N? N? (Ibid.). Died: in 1046 (Ibid.).

--- 8th Generation ---

128. Azenar, Sire8 d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 264.). Born: circa 920 (Ibid.). Married circa 944: Hildeburgis, Dame de Bellême. Died: after 944.

129. Hildeburgis, Dame8 de Bellême (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Orléans. Born: circa 930. Married circa 944: Azenar, Sire d'Orléans.

130. Geoffroy = Gausfred II, Vicomte8 de Châteaudun (Stuart, Page 184, Line 249-34.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 262 - 264.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 262.). Born: circa 930 at Orléanais, France, son of Gauzfrid, Vicomte de Chartres and N? N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 264.). Married before 954: Hermengarde = Hildegard N? Died: in 987 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.).

131. Hermengarde = Hildegard8 N? (Stuart, Page 184, Line 249-34.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 264.). Married Name: de Châteaudun. Note -: Hermengarde's sister Gerberge married Guilguin, Seigneur de Semur. Born: circa 940 at France (Ibid.). Married before 954: Geoffroy = Gausfred II, Vicomte de Châteaudun,, son of Gauzfrid, Vicomte de Chartres and N? N? Died: on 14 Apr 1023.

132. Liétaud II, Count8 de Mâcon (Stuart, Page 77, Line 101-34.) (Abbott, Page 212.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). AKA: Liétaud, Comte de Bourg-le-Comte (Abbott, Page 518.). Born: circa 900, son of Albéric=Aubri, Sire de Salins and Attellanne, Vicomtesse de Mâcon. Married before 918: Ermengarde de Vergy,, daughter of Manasses, Comte de Bourgogne and Ermengarde N? (Ermengarde was Liéraud's first wife). Note - in 924: Liétaud and Ermengarde together made a donation to Saint Odon, Abbé de Cluny according to a chart dated 2 Calendes of April of the twelfth year od the reign of Rodolphe. Married before 931: Berthe de Troyes,, daughter of Garnier=Warinus, Count de Troyes and Teutberge d'Arles (Berthe was Liétaud's second wife) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Pages 6 - 7.). Note - in Feb 944: Berthe concurred with a donation her husband Liétaud made to the Abbey de Cluny in February of the 8th year of Louis d'Outremer's reign (Ibid., Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Page 7.). Married after 945: Richilde d'Autun,, daughter of Richard, Comte d'Autun and Adélaïde d'Auxerre. Died: on 17 Sep 965 The Archives source indicates he died after the year 967 (Ibid.).

133. Ermengarde8 de Vergy (Ibid., Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Page 6.). AKA: Ermengarde de Chalon. Married Name: de Mâcon. Born: before 884, daughter of Manasses, Comte de Bourgogne and Ermengarde N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Liétaud. Married before 918: Liétaud II, Count de Mâcon,, son of Albéric=Aubri, Sire de Salins and Attellanne, Vicomtesse de Mâcon (Ermengarde was Liéraud's first wife). Note - in 924: Liétaud and Ermengarde together made a donation to Saint Odon, Abbé de Cluny according to a chart dated 2 Calendes of April of the twelfth year od the reign of Rodolphe. Died: in 931.

134. Renaud, Count8 de Reims (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 193, 269.). AKA: Reginald, Count de Roucy. Born: circa 920 at France, son of Achard de La Ferté-sur-Aube and Acharda de Bar-sur-Aube (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married circa 937: Albérade=Aubrée de Lorraine,, daughter of Gilbert, Count de Brabant and Gerberge de Saxe. Died: on 10 May 967 Renaud was buried 15 March at the Abbey of Saint-Rémi, Reims, France.

135. Albérade=Aubrée8 de Lorraine (André Roux: Scrolls, 123, 193.) (Stuart, Page 70, Line 92-34.). Married Name: de Reims. AKA: Albrade de Hainaut. Born: circa 930, daughter of Gilbert, Count de Brabant and Gerberge de Saxe. Married circa 937: Renaud, Count de Reims,, son of Achard de La Ferté-sur-Aube and Acharda de Bar-sur-Aube. Died: on 15 Mar 973.

136. Fouques II, Count8 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Bon." Born: in 909 at France, son of Fouques I, Count d'Anjou and Roscille de Loches. Note - between 0909 and 0958 at Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France: Fouques II was the first of the Angevin Comtes to try to dominate Brittany (Abbott, Page 143.). Married before 929: Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais,, daughter of Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans and Aba, Dame d'Arverne. Died: on 11 Nov 958 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

137. Gerberge, Comtesse8 de Gâtinais (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-36.) (Abbott, Page 103.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 241, 244.) (Abbott, Page 103.). AKA: Gerberge d'Arles. Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: circa 913 at France, daughter of Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans and Aba, Dame d'Arverne, Gerberge's parentage is in dispute. PaterAlter circa 913 Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais/Ratburne, Vicomte de Vienne (an unknown value) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). MaterAlter: circa 913 Gerberge d'Arverne/Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais (Ibid.). Married before 929: Fouques II, Count d'Anjou,, son of Fouques I, Count d'Anjou and Roscille de Loches. Died: in 952 Gerberge signed a charter in 952 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

138. Robert, Count8 de Chalon (André Roux: Scrolls, 112.). AKA: Robert, Count de Meaux. AKA: Robert, Count de Troyes. AKA: Robert, Count de Vermandois. Born: in 910, son of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie. Married before 950 at France: Adélaïs=Were de Bourgogne,, daughter of Gilbert, Duke de Bourgogne and Ermengarde d'Autun (Some sources [notably, Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners] indicate that this Adélaïs married Herbert II, Count de Vermandois as second husband [although she is then not shown in the Vermandois listing, and Herbert II died on 22 February 979 according to the same source] and then marrying [in March 979 -- 19 years after she is purported to have died by the same source] Geoffroy I, Count d'Anjou as her third husband. If that is true, then she is one in the same person as Adélaïs shown herein as her daughter. Data from André Roux disputes this improbable sequence. Robert acquired Troyes and received Meaux by his marriage with Adèle, daughter of Gilbert de Bourgogne [according to Abbott]) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Died: in Aug 967.

139. Adélaïs=Were8 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 194.) (Stuart, Page 190, Line 258-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 20:00 Hours.). AKA: Adélaïde, Comtesse de Chalon (Abbott, Page 207.). AKA: Adélaïs de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 98.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., John Rosenberg (ID#:GMVH69A), 7 April 1995 at 13:21 hours.). MaterAlter: before 919 Gerberge=Garsinde de Chalon/Adélaïs=Were de Bourgogne. Born: circa 922, daughter of Gilbert, Duke de Bourgogne and Ermengarde d'Autun, Adélaïs is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Herbert was born. Abbott contradicts most sources when he has Adélaïde who married Robert as the mother of Adélaïde who married Lambert [where Stuart shows them to be the same person]. Married before 945: Lambert, Count de Chalon,, son of Robert, Vicomte de Dijon and Ingeltrude N? (This Adélaïs may also have married Robert de Vermandois, which would make her Adélaïs=Were de Bourgogne, daughter of Gilbert, Duke de Bourgogne by Ermengarde d'Autun. Some sources recognize that Lambert, Comte de Chalon's wife was named Adélaïs, but do not find her de Bourgogne parentage convincing. Moreover, some sources have Adélaïs as marrying first Robert before 950, then marrying Lambert between 967 and 979 [since Lambert died in 979] and then marrying thirdly Geoffroy I "Grisegonelle" d'Anjou in 979). Married before 950 at France: Robert, Count de Chalon,, son of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie (Some sources [notably, Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners] indicate that this Adélaïs married Herbert II, Count de Vermandois as second husband [although she is then not shown in the Vermandois listing, and Herbert II died on 22 February 979 according to the same source] and then marrying [in March 979 -- 19 years after she is purported to have died by the same source] Geoffroy I, Count d'Anjou as her third husband. If that is true, then she is one in the same person as Adélaïs shown herein as her daughter. Data from André Roux disputes this improbable sequence. Robert acquired Troyes and received Meaux by his marriage with Adèle, daughter of Gilbert de Bourgogne [according to Abbott]) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Died: between 0959 and 0960.

144. Amaury, Count8 de Hainaut (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.). Born: circa 920 at France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 20:03 Hours.). Married circa 952 at France: Judith de Combray,, daughter of Isaac, Count de Combray and Albérade de Flandre. Died: in 973 (Ibid.).

145. Judith8 de Combray (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 20:03 Hours.). Married Name: de Hainaut. Born: circa 920 at France, daughter of Isaac, Count de Combray and Albérade de Flandre. Married circa 952 at France: Amaury, Count de Hainaut. Died: after 952.

152. Richard I, Duke8 de Normandie (______, Personal Research. References, Encyclopedic Research.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-33.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 149, 195, 242.) (Rosamond, Page 238.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Richard, Regent de France Richard was the Regent of France from 956 to 960. Also Known As: Richard "Sans Peur" ("The Fearless") (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: in 933 at Fécamp, Caux, Normandie, France, son of Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie and Sprote de Bretagne. Note - between 0942 and 0965: When in 942 Richard I's father William Longsword (Longue Épée) was murdered at the instigation of Arnoul, Count of Flanders, Richard was still a minor. Louis IV and Hugh The Great both tried to seize Normandy, and Louis took charge of Richard. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, and retook Rouen. From 947, Richard governed in relative peace and in 965, he swore allegiance to the Carolingian King Lothar. Officially married to Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great; they had no children, but from his common-law wife Gonnor, a Dane, they had many. Married between 0956 and 0960 at France: Emma de France,, daughter of Hughes, dux Francorum and Hadwige, Princess de Saxe. Significant-Other: Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec before 958 -. Married in 978: Gonnor, Dame de Bolbec,, daughter of Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon and Cyrid N? (Lady Gonnor was Richard's common-law wife as Richard had no children with his wife Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great). Significant-Other: N? N? before 988 - She was a concubine of Richard I. Died: on 20 Nov 996 at Fécamp, Caux, Normandie, France.

153. Gonnor, Dame8 de Bolbec (André Roux: Scrolls, 36.) (Stuart, Page 67, Line 89-33.). Married Name: de Normandie. AKA: Gonnor, Dame de Crépon. Born: circa 936 at France, daughter of Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon and Cyrid N?, According to some sources, Lady Gonnor's parentage is unknown other than that her parents were Danes. Significant-Other: Richard I, Duke de Normandie before 958 -. Married in 978: Richard I, Duke de Normandie,, son of Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie and Sprote de Bretagne (Lady Gonnor was Richard's common-law wife as Richard had no children with his wife Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great). Died: in 1031 at France.

156. Borel II, Count8 de Barcelone (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-35.). AKA: Borel, Count de Gerona. AKA: Borel, Count de Orsona. Born: before 948, son of Sunier, Count de Barcelone and Richilde de Rouergue, Borel was alive in the year 948. AKA: Borel II, co-Count d'Urgel (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Borel II, Count d'Urgel (Ibid.). Married in 968 at Spain: Ledgarde=Luitgarde de Toulouse,, daughter of Raymond III, Count de Toulouse and Garsinde de Gascogne (Ledgarde was Borel's first wife). Note - between 0968 and 0993: Borel was a vassal of the Emirs of Cordova. Married before 992 at France: Aimerudis d'Auvergne,, daughter of Raymond II, Count d'Auvergne and Berthe de Toscane. Died: on 30 Sep 993.

157. Ledgarde=Luitgarde8 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-35.). Married Name: de Barcelone. Born: before 937 at France, daughter of Raymond III, Count de Toulouse and Garsinde de Gascogne. Married in 968 at Spain: Borel II, Count de Barcelone,, son of Sunier, Count de Barcelone and Richilde de Rouergue (Ledgarde was Borel's first wife). Died: in 992 at Spain.

158. Roger I, Seigneur8 de Comminges (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Foix" posted on 21 March 1995 at 02:08 Hours.). AKA: Roger I, Count de Consérans. AKA: Roger, Count de Carcassonne (Abbott, Pages 379, 482.). Born: between 0930 and 0940 at Carcassonnais, France, son of Arnold I, Comte de Comminges and Arsende, Countess de Carcassonne, His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he and his brother were young adolescents or older children at the date of this charter. His date of death suggests that it is more likely that he was born in the later part of this range. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, de Razès, de Couserans et de Comminges, Seigneur de Foix. Note - in 949 at Abbey of Montaulieu, Languedoc, France: "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" granted property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 949. Note - on 10 Sep 954: Adalaiz…cum Arnaldus frater Rodgarii et alius Arnaldus filius Rodgarii et Ber…" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "Rodgarii et Aimilde comitissa et…alio Rodgario" by charter dated [19 Jun 936/10 Sep 954] signed by "Raimundi comitis, Adalaiz comitissa qui hoc fecit." Married before Apr 970: Adélaïde de Rouergue (Adélaïde was the widow of Roger I's Uncle). Died: in 1019.

159. Adélaïde8 de Rouergue (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-35.). Married Name: de Comminges. Married Name: de Carcassonne. AKA: Adélaïde de Pons. Born: before 948 at France Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 17 years of age when her husband, Roger, died. Married before 964: Roger, Comte de Comminges,, son of Aznar, Count de Consérans and N? N? (Roger was Adélaïde's first husband). Married before Apr 970: Roger I, Seigneur de Comminges,, son of Arnold I, Comte de Comminges and Arsende, Countess de Carcassonne (Adélaïde was the widow of Roger I's Uncle). Died: after 1011.

164. Hughes III, Count8 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-33.) (Abbott, Page 130.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 192.). Born: circa 932 at France, son of Hughes II, Count du Maine and N? de Vermandois, Hughes III was alive in the year 967. Married before 977: N? de Guiscard. Died: between 1015 and 1016 Hugh III was allied with Odon II of Blois against Richard of Normandy shortly before his death in 1015 or 1016 (Ibid.).

165. N?8 de Guiscard. Born: circa 942. Married before 977: Hughes III, Count du Maine,, son of Hughes II, Count du Maine and N? de Vermandois. Married Name: du Maine.

168. Alberto Azzo I, Marchese8 de Ligurie (Stuart, Page 27, Line 43-32.). Born: circa 970 at Liguria, son of Humbert=Oberto I, Count de Genoa and Railinda de Como. Married before 996: Adela N? Died: circa 1029 at Germany Alberto Azzo I died a captive.

169. Adela8 N? (Stuart, Page 28, Line 43-32.). Married Name: de Ligurie. Note -: Adela lived under the Salic Law, i.e. she was a pagan. Born: before 982 Adela is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Alberto Azzo II was born. Married before 996: Alberto Azzo I, Marchese de Ligurie,, son of Humbert=Oberto I, Count de Genoa and Railinda de Como. Died: in 1012.

170. Herbert I, Count8 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-32.) (Abbott, Page 130.). Also Known As: Herbert "Éveille- Chiens." Born: circa 978 at France, son of Hughes III, Count du Maine and N? de Guiscard (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married before 1010: N? N? Note - in 1016: Herbert "Wake Dog", successor of Hugh III was obliged to fight against Odo of Blois at Pontlevoy in 1016 on behalf of his overlord, Fulk IV of Anjou (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 192.). Died: on 13 Apr 1036.

171. N?8 N? Married before 1010: Herbert I, Count du Maine,, son of Hughes III, Count du Maine and N? de Guiscard.

176. Hamon, Seigneur8 de Cruelli (Stuart, Page 247, Line 354-34.). AKA: Hamon, Seigneur de Turinge. Also Known As: Hamon "Aux Dents." Born: before 981 at France Hamon is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Hamelin was born. Married before 996: N? N? Died: in 1045 at Val-es-Dunes, France, Hamon died at the Battle of Val-es-Dunes.

177. N?8 N? Married before 996: Hamon, Seigneur de Cruelli.

178. Yves I, Count8 de Bellême (Augé.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 211.) (Stuart, Page 252, Line 360-36.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 291.). AKA: Yves I de Crelpuis. AKA: Yves I, Count de Domfort. AKA: Yves I, Seigneur d'Alençon The seigneurie of Alençon was established late in the 10th. Century frou the House of Creil, Seigneurs d'Alençon. These seigneurs were the most independent in Normandie. Their possessions extended into Maine and they had vassals (Abbott, Page 223.). AKA: Yves de Creil (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 294.). Note -: Yves I was the first Count d'Alençon and also Count de Domfort. He received the lands of Alençon and Bellême as a gift from Richard II, Duke of Normandy. He was the Grand Master of Ballistics of France in the year 945. He received Balistarius as a gift from King Louis IV of France. Roderick Stuart in his Royalty for Commoners adds a generation for another Yves before Yves I and after Fulcoin=Foulques. Born: before 940 at Normandie, France, son of Fulcoin=Foulques de Creil and Rhotaïs N?, Yves I was alive in the year 940. Also, Yves de Creil, who was alive in 944 was Corssbowman of the King, and fullfilled the functions of Maître de L'Artillerie and of Captain of the Infantry of France cited in the Histoire de Normandie (Ibid.). Married before 964 at France: Godehilde=Gordeschilda de Ponthieu,, daughter of Hildouin, Count de Montreuil and Hersende de Ramerupt. Died: in 1007 at Normandie, France, According to André Roux, Yves was alive in the year 1005 (Abbott, Page 223.).

179. Godehilde=Gordeschilda8 de Ponthieu (André Roux: Scrolls, 53, 211.) (Stuart, Page 252, Line 360-36.). Married Name: de Bellême. Born: circa 944, daughter of Hildouin, Count de Montreuil and Hersende de Ramerupt. Married before 964 at France: Yves I, Count de Bellême,, son of Fulcoin=Foulques de Creil and Rhotaïs N?

192. Guillaume I, Duke8 de Normandie (Rosamond, Page 238.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Guillaume, Comte du Maine King Raoul gave Maine to Guillaume I in 923, but the normans lost it after 20 years (Abbott, Page 130.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Longue Épée" (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: circa 900 at Normandie, France, son of Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie and Popa de Bayeux. Married circa 930: Sprote de Bretagne,, daughter of Hubert, Comte de Senlis and N? N? (Sprote was a Breton concubine "Danish Wife" and also first wife of William Longsword). Note - between 0933 and 0942: While married to the daughter of Herbert of Vermandois, Guillaume I's children were born of the Breton concubine. William had supported King Louis IV and attempted to establish his protection over Brittany (Bretagne), gaining at least the Contentin and Avranchin in 933. When, in 942, William was murdered at the instigation of Arnoul, Count of Flanders, his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. Married in 940 at France: Leutgarde de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie. Died: on 17 Dec 943 at France Guillaume I was assassinated.

193. Sprote8 de Bretagne (Rosamond, Page 238.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-34.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married Name: de Normandie. Born: circa 911 at Bretagne, France, daughter of Hubert, Comte de Senlis and N? N? Married circa 930: Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie and Popa de Bayeux (Sprote was a Breton concubine "Danish Wife" and also first wife of William Longsword). Married in 943: Néel I de Saint-Sauveur,, son of Richard de Saint-Sauveur and N? N? (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=170661, 9 December 2008.). Married Name: de Saint-Sauveur (Ibid.). Married Name: de Bayeux. Married in 944: Asperling de Bayeux. Died: in 945.

Coat of Arms worn by Herbast de Crépon.

194. Herbastus, Chevalier8 de Crépon (Stuart, Page 237.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Dowell posting on the Genealogy BB of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service under Subject "Antrobus" on 7 January 1996 at 22:23 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 306.). Occupation: Herbastus was the Forrester of Arques. Born: circa 911 at Normandie, France. Married before 936 at France: Cyrid N?

195. Cyrid8 N? (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., David Dowell posting on the Genealogy BB of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service under Subject "Antrobus" on 7 January 1996 at 22:23 Hours.). Born: circa 922. Married before 936 at France: Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon.

196. Juhel Bérenger, Count8 de Rennes (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Stuart, Page 237, Line 334-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.) (Abbott, Page 272.). AKA: Juhel Bérenger, Seigneur de Vitré (Abbott, Page 277.). Note -: Juhel Bérenger was a leader against the Norsemen and alive in 931. MaterAlter: before 903 N? de Rennes/Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes. PaterAlter before 903 Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes/Bérenger, Count de Bayeux (an unknown value). Born: before 903 at Bretagne, France, son of Paskwitan II, Count de Rennes and N?, Countess de Rennes, There is disagreement among sources concerning Juhel Bérenger's parentage. E.S. [via Paul Theroff] shows him to be the son of Comte Bérenger by N? de Bretagne, whereas Roderick Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" shows Juhel to be the grandson of Comte Bérenger and son of Paskwitan II who married the daughter of Comte Bérenger. Abbott also shows Juhel Bérenger to be the son of Bérenger. Married before 943 at France: Gerberge de Bretagne. Died: in 970 at France.

197. Gerberge8 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Stuart, Page 237, Line 334-36.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 933 at France Gerberge is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Juhel. Married before 943 at France: Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes,, son of Paskwitan II, Count de Rennes and N?, Countess de Rennes. 198. Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count8 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 29 April 1994 at 13:38 Hours.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 241, 247.). Also Known As: Geoffroy "Grisegonelle" ("Greymantle"). Born: circa 930 at France, son of Fouques II, Count d'Anjou and Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Married before 952: Adela N? Occupation: between 0958 and 0987 at Anjou, France, Geofroy I was the Seneschal of France. He continued his father's efforts to dominate Bretagne, and thus obtained parts of Poitou - the Loudunais, which following a lapse of time was annexed by Anjou - the Mauge. By the Spring of 985, Geoffroy d'Anjou had already gained a foothold in the Vendômois by granting a benefice to an important landholder, Fulcrad de Vendôme. Geoffroy spent a great deal of time with Bouchard de Vendôme, and with Hughes Capet's blessing, Geoffroy arranged for the marriage of his son and heir, Foulk Nera with Bouchard's heiress, Élisabeth, thereby setting the seal on his alliance with both Bouchard and Hughes Capet (Abbott, Pages 143 - 144.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 199.). Married in 965 at France: Adélaïs de Vermandois,, daughter of Robert, Count de Chalon and Adélaïs=Were de Bourgogne (Some sources indicate that this Adélaïs also married first Robert de Vermandois, Count de Meaux and Troyes, then marrying Lambert de Chalon. Then, marrying as her third husband, Geofroy I. If her birthdate is accurate these marriages are improbable). Died: on 21 Jul 987 Geofroy I died as a consequence of wounds received at the Siege of Marçon, a castle belonging to Odon de Blois which controlled the route between Dissay-sous-Courcillon and Vendôme. The Siege was conducted by Hughes Capet and Geoffroy against Odon Rufinus, a vassal of Odon de Blois (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 199.).

199. Adela8 N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: before 937. Married before 952: Geoffroy I = Gausfred, Count d'Anjou,, son of Fouques II, Count d'Anjou and Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais.

208. Baudouin III, Count8 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 141-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:39 Hours.). AKA: Baudouin, Comte d'Artois. Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Jeune" (Abbott, Page 292.). Born: circa 940, son of Arnoul I, Count de Flandre and Adèle=Alix de Vermandois. Note - before 961 at Flandre, Belgium: Baudouin III was the co-Comte de Flandre [with his father, whom he predeceased]. Married in 961: Mahaut=Mathilda de Saxe,, daughter of Hermann, Duke de Saxe and Hildegarde von Westerburg. Died: on 1 Nov 962 Baudouin III died before his father and reigned jointly with him, leaving his son, Arnoul II as infant heir. Arnoul I sought the aid of King Lothaire, offering Artois, Ostrevant, Ponthieu and Amiens in exchange for his support.

209. Mahaut=Mathilda8 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Stuart, Page 79, Line 104-35.). Married Name: de Verdun. AKA: Mathilda Billung. Born: before 946, daughter of Hermann, Duke de Saxe and Hildegarde von Westerburg, Mahaut is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Arnoul II was born. Married in 961: Baudouin III, Count de Flandre,, son of Arnoul I, Count de Flandre and Adèle=Alix de Vermandois. Married in 963: Godfrey, Count de Verdun,, son of Gozelin, Count de Bigdau and Uda de Metz (Mahaut was Godfrey's second wife and the widow of Baudouin III when she married Godfrey) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 25 May 1008.

210. Bérenger II, King of8 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Stuart, Page 236.) (Stuart, Page 197.). AKA: Bérenger, Count de Milan. AKA: Bérenger II, Marquis d'Ivrée. AKA: Bérenger II, Emperor de l'Occident. Born: before 910, son of Adelbert I, Count of Italy and Gisèle, Princess of Italy. Married in 936: Willa d'Arles,, daughter of Boson, Marquis de Toscane and Willa de Bourgogne. Note - in 950 at Italy: Bérenger II was the Marquis of Ivrea. He was also Emperor of the occident and became King of Italy in the year 950 (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 236, Line 332-36.). Died: on 6 Jul 966 at Bamburg, Bavaria.

211. Willa8 d'Arles (Stuart, Page 236.). Born: before 921, daughter of Boson, Marquis de Toscane and Willa de Bourgogne, Willa is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Adelbert was born. Married in 936: Bérenger II, King of Italy,, son of Adelbert I, Count of Italy and Gisèle, Princess of Italy. Died: after 966.

212. Sigefroy, Count8 de Luxembourg (Stuart, Page 225, Line 316-36; Page 247, Line 353-36.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 200.). AKA: Siegfried, Count de Moselgau. Born: in 922 at Luxembourg, son of Richwin, Count de Verdun and Kunigonde de France. Married circa 950: Hedvige d'Alsace,, daughter of Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace and Luitgard de Lorraine. Died: in 998 Siegfried became the Count of Luxembourg in 963.

213. Hedvige8 d'Alsace (Ibid.) (Stuart, Page 225, Line 316-36; Page 247, Line 353-36.). Married Name: de Luxembourg. Born: before 940, daughter of Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace and Luitgard de Lorraine, Hedvige is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Sigefroy. Married circa 950: Sigefroy, Count de Luxembourg,, son of Richwin, Count de Verdun and Kunigonde de France. Died: on 13 Dec 992.

214. Heribert, Count8 von Gleiberg (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-36.). AKA: Heribert, Count de Wetterau. AKA: Heribert, Margrave von Schweinfürt. Born: circa 925, son of Eudes, Count de Wetterau and N? de Vermandois. Married before 975: Ermentrude von Avalgau,, daughter of Megingor, Count von Avalgau and Gerberge N? Died: in 992.

215. Ermentrude8 von Avalgau (Ibid.). Married Name: von Gleiberg. Born: before 960, daughter of Megingor, Count von Avalgau and Gerberge N?, Ermentrude is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermentrude was born. Married before 975: Heribert, Count von Gleiberg,, son of Eudes, Count de Wetterau and N? de Vermandois.

216. Hughes, dux8 Francorum (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 410 - 424.) (Paul Theroff, posts, post under Subject "Capet" on 09 July 1994 at 19:35 Hours.) (von Redlich, Pages 63, 124.). AKA: Hughes Magnus, Count d'Orléans. AKA: Hughes, Count de . Also Known As: Hughes "Le Grand." AKA: Hughes I, Duke de France. AKA: Hughes "The White." AKA: Comte Hughes d'Auxerre (Abbott, Page 202.). AKA: Hughes, Comte de Paris. AKA: Hughes, Comte de Barrois The first known Comte de Barrois was Hughes "Le Grand" whose daughter Béatrix took the County to Frédéric [Ferry] d'Ardenne, son of Wigéric and Cunégonde, and brother of the powerful Adalbéron, Bishop de Metz (Abbott, Page 545.). Born: circa 895, son of Robert I, King de France and Béatrice de Vermandois. Married either 0914 or 0922: Judith du Maine,, daughter of Roger, Count du Maine and Rothilde de Neustrie (Judith was Hughes' first wife. E.S. [via Paul Theroff indicates Judith married Hughes in 922. Keats-Rohan presents the attestation by Hughes I, Comte du Maine of a Charter of Robert de Neustrie in 914 as evidence that the marriage between Hughes I's sister and Hugh The Great had taken place by that time) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Pages 194 - 195.). Married between 0926 and 0927: Eadhild, Princess of England,, daughter of Edward I, King of England and Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent (Eadhild was Hughes' second wife). Married in 938: Hadwige, Princess de Saxe,, daughter of Henri I, Duke de Saxe and Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim (Hadwige was Hughes' third wife). Note - in 948: Hughes, Count of Paris, was the son of King Robert I, step-brother of King Raoul and father of Hughes Capet, founder of the third Capetian Race. When King Raoul died on 14 January 936, Hughes was the logical candidate for the succession, but he feared an insurrection, particularly by Herbert de Vermandois. He addressed the Assembly of Nobles: "King Charles ["Le Simple", who had been imprisoned by Herbert de Vermandois and died incarcerated in Péronne in 929] died miserably, whether he deserved his fate, the Divinity of the Throne has been stained by our crimes. First of all, if our fathers and indeed ourselves as well have committed acts which have sounded the Divine Majesty, we must spare no effort to remove that stain. Let us jointly and all together agree on the choice of a Prince. My father [King Robert], although elected by your unanimous consent, made a big mistake in accepting the throne, since the only person who had the right to rule [King Charles "Le Simple"] was still alive and was in prison, though alive. Believe me, this could have been been agreeable in the eyes of God. Far be it from me to have the intention of taking my father's place! On the other hand, we must avoid inviting a member of a foreign family to succeed Raoul [Duke de Bourgogne, elected King in 923] whom we hold in pious memory, Since we know the consequences. Witness the discredit heaped upon the King, and the resulting discord within this Assembly itself. Consequently, let us take up the Royal Lineage, which has been temporarily broken. Therefore, recall from overseas, the son of Charles, Louis, and choose him for your King." Hughes "Le Grand" was a shrewd and ambitious man who fought against Louis IV and was excommunicated at the Council of Ingelheim in 948. Significant-Other: Raingarde de Dijon before 955 - Raingarde was a concubine of Hughes. Died: on 17 Jun 956 at Deurdan, Germany. Buried: on 1 Jul 956.

217. Hadwige, Princess8 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 113.) (Stuart, Page 99, Line 134-35.). Married Name: Francorum. Born: circa 910 at Saxe, Germany, daughter of Henri I, Duke de Saxe and Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim. Married in 938: Hughes, dux Francorum,, son of Robert I, King de France and Béatrice de Vermandois (Hadwige was Hughes' third wife). Died: on 10 May 965.

218. Guillaume=William I, Comte8 d'Aquitaine (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 119, Line 163-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn46 [Ademari Historiarum III.25, MGH SS IV, p. 126].) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn467[Chronico Comitum Pictaviæ, RHGF X, p. 294.].). AKA: Guillaume, Count du . AKA: Guillaume, Count de Velay. Also Known As: Guillaume "Tête d'Étoupe" (Guillaume was known as "Tête d'Étoupe" owing to the brilliant color of his hair) (Abbott, Page 303.). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Poitou He succeeded his father as GUILLAUME I “Tête d'Etoupes/Caput-stupæ” Comte de Poitou. He was appointed lay abbot of Saint-Hilaire-de-Poitiers in Jan 942. From the start of his reign, his possession of Poitou was disputed by Hugues "le Grand" Duc des Francs [Capet] (Abbott, Page 402.) (A. Richard, Histoire des Comtes de Poitou in no series, Tome I (n.p.: n.pub., 1903 (republished Princi Negue, 2003)), 94, Page 110-112, 155.). Born: in 900 at Poitiers, Poitou-Charentes, Vienne, France, son of Ébalus Manzer and Émilienne N? Married in 935: Adèle de Normandie,, daughter of Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie and Popa de Bayeux. AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Limoges (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_Toc389204247.). AKA: Guillaume III, Duke d'Aquitaine Around this same time, Lothaire King of France extended the authority of Comte Guillaume over the whole of Aquitaine. Although known to history as GUILLAUME III Duke of Aquitaine, charters record him as "Guillelmus…Aquitanici ducatus comes"[51] and "Guillelmus…Pictavensium sive Lemovicensium necne et Arvernensium comes insuper etiam Aquitainiæ comes palati"[52] as well as "Willelmi duci Aquitanorum cognomento Caput-Stupæ"[53]. He abdicated in 962 (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn51 (see also footnotes 52 and 53) [ Richard, A. (ed.) (1886) Chartes et documents pour servir à l'histoire de l'abbaye de Saint-Maixent, Archives historiques du Poitou Tome XVI (Poitiers) ("Saint-Maixent") Vol. I, XX, page 32; Vol. I, XXVII, page 42; and Vol. I, XXIII, page 35].). AKA: Guillaume, Count d'Auvergne Guillaume abdicated the County in 963 (Abbott, Page 442.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_Toc389204247.). Occupation: between 0959 and 0963 Guillaume I was the Count of Auvergne, Velay, Limousin and Poitou and then became the Dux Aquitanorum in 959. He was the first Duke Guillaume d'Aquitaine of this family, but he was preceded by two other Duke William from the House of Autun. Hence, there may be some confusion concerning the proper ordinal number. Note - between 962 and 3 Apr 963: Upon his abdications from his noble positions in 962, and became a monk at Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers (Richard, Histoire des Comtes de, 94, Page 130.). Died: on 3 Apr 963 at Poitiers, Poitou-Charentes, Vienne, France, Guillaume I died a monk. Buried: after 3 Apr 963 at Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers, Poitiers, Poitou-Charentes, Vienne, France (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn45 [Ademari Historiarum III.30, MGH SS IV, p. 128].).

219. Adèle8 de Normandie (Stuart, Page 118, Line 162-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). Married Name: d'Aquitaine. AKA: Gerloc. Born: circa 920 at Neustrie, daughter of Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie and Popa de Bayeux. Married in 935: Guillaume=William I, Comte d'Aquitaine,, son of Ébalus Manzer and Émilienne N? Died: after 969.

220. Bozon II, Count8 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 261, Line 375-34.). AKA: Boson II, Count d'Avignon. AKA: Boson II, Count de Provence Boson II was the Count of Provence at Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 114.) (Stuart, Page 236, Line 333-36.) (Abbott, Page 606.). Born: before 929, son of Robaud I, Count d'Arles and N? d'Aquitaine, Boson is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Guillaume was born. Married before 944 at Provence, France: Folcoare=Constance de Toulouse,, daughter of Charles Constantine, Count de Vienne and Teutberge=Thiberge de Troyes. Died: between 0965 and 0967 Boson was alive in the year 949 but not in 968.

221. Folcoare=Constance8 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 261, Line 375-34.). AKA: Constance d'Arles. AKA: Constance de Provence. Married Name: d'Arles. AKA: Constance de Vienne. Born: before 929 at France, daughter of Charles Constantine, Count de Vienne and Teutberge=Thiberge de Troyes, Constance is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Guillaume was born. Married before 944 at Provence, France: Bozon II, Count d'Arles,, son of Robaud I, Count d'Arles and N? d'Aquitaine.

222. Fouques II, Count8 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Bon." Born: in 909 at France, son of Fouques I, Count d'Anjou and Roscille de Loches. Note - between 0909 and 0958 at Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France: Fouques II was the first of the Angevin Comtes to try to dominate Brittany (Abbott, Page 143.). Married before 929: Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais,, daughter of Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans and Aba, Dame d'Arverne. Died: on 11 Nov 958 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

223. Gerberge, Comtesse8 de Gâtinais (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-36.) (Abbott, Page 103.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 241, 244.) (Abbott, Page 103.). AKA: Gerberge d'Arles. Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: circa 913 at France, daughter of Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans and Aba, Dame d'Arverne, Gerberge's parentage is in dispute. PaterAlter circa 913 Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais/Ratburne, Vicomte de Vienne (an unknown value) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). MaterAlter: circa 913 Gerberge d'Arverne/Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais (Ibid.). Married before 929: Fouques II, Count d'Anjou,, son of Fouques I, Count d'Anjou and Roscille de Loches. Died: in 952 Gerberge signed a charter in 952 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

224. Duncan, Thane of8 Dule (Stuart, Page 186, Line 252-36.). Born: before 938 at Scotland Duncan is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Duncan was born. Married before 953: N? N?

225. N?8 N? Married before 953: Duncan, Thane of Dule.

228. Kenneth II, King of8 Scotland (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-35.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). AKA: Cinaed II, King of Scotland. AKA: Kenneth II, King of In return for accepting the English King Edgar as his Lord, Kenneth was recognized as King of Lothian and loaded with other honors such as manors (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 31.). AKA: Kenneth II, King of Alba (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I829.html as of 28 October 1998.). Born: in 932, son of Malcolm I, King of Scotland and N? N? (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 953: N?, Lady of Leinster (A twelfth-century Scottish poem celebrates Kenneth's son Malcolm as the 'son of a woman o fthe Leinstermen') (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I829.html as of 28 October 1998.). Note - between 0971 and 0995 at Scotland: According to Stuart, Kenneth II was the King of Scotland 971-995. Internet sources indicate that Kenneth II became King of Scots in 971, when his predecessor, Cuilen, was killed by the Starthclyde Britons. There are some indications that Kenneth had a joint kingship with Cuilen's brother, Olaf, until 977, when Olaf was killed. Kenneth led successful raids against Strathclyde in both 971 and 972. In 973, Kenneth attended a conference of kings at , England, which was probably organized by Edgar, King of England (Ibid.). PaterAlter circa 986 Kenneth II, King of Scotland/N?, Princess of Scots The parentage of MacBeth's Mother is in dispute and Dickinson suggests that she was the daughter of Kenneth II (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). PaterAlter before 995 Kenneth II, King of Scotland/Boite= Bodhe of Scotland (an unknown value) (Ibid.). Died: in 995 at Fettercairn, Kincardine, Scotland, According to Stuart, Kenneth II was killed by his own men. Internet sources indicate that Kenneth appears to have had a quiet but successful reign and was killed "by treachery" in 995, and succeeded by Constantine, son of Cuilen, a distant cousin. Ross cites a story whereby, Finella, wife of the Mormaer of the Mearns sought revenge against Kenneth II for having slain her son. She devised a trap whereby Kenneth II was killed after attending a lavish banquet thrown by her in his honor (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I829.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 31 - 32.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.).

229. N?, Lady of8 Leinster. Born: before 934 at Ireland She is presumed to have been at least 20 years old by the time her son, Malcolm II, was born. Married before 953: Kenneth II, King of Scotland,, son of Malcolm I, King of Scotland and N? N? (A twelfth-century Scottish poem celebrates Kenneth's son Malcolm as the 'son of a woman o fthe Leinstermen') (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I829.html as of 28 October 1998.). Married Name: Scotland (Ibid.). MaterAlter: circa 986 N?, Princess of Scots/N?, Lady of Leinster (There is some disagreement regarding the parentage of MacBeth's Mother, with Dickinson suggesting she was the daughter of Kenneth II) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). MaterAlter: before 995 Boite= Bodhe of Scotland/N?, Lady of Leinster (Ibid.).

240. Edgar, King of8 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-36.). Also Known As: Edgar "The Peaceful." Born: in 943 at Wessex, England, son of , King of England and Sainte Alfgifu=Elgiva, Queen of England. Note - between 0959 and 0975 at England: Edgar was King of England 959- 975. Married in 965: Elfrida of East Anglia,, daughter of , Earldorman of Devonshire and Wulfrith N? (Elfrida was the widow of Eathelwold when she married Edgar, her second husband). Died: on 8 Jul 975.

241. Elfrida of8 East Anglia (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-36.). Married Name: Elfrida of England. Born: in 945 at Devonshire, England, daughter of Ordgar, Earldorman of Devonshire and Wulfrith N? Married before 964: Eathelwold, Earldorman of East Anglia (Eathelwold was Elfrida's first husband). Note - circa 965: Elfrida=Elfthryth's electrifying beauty so stunned the King's marriage-guidance counselor that he [the counselor] returned a nil report and married her. However, the truth leaked out, and on the eve of King Edgar's personal inspection, she was beeged [presumably by her husband, the counselor] to defuse her explosive charms. Contrarily, she shone more radiantly and the King personally slew her husband, and married the widow. After Edgar's death, she superintended the stabbing of her step-son, Edward "The " at Corfe. Married in 965: Edgar, King of England,, son of Edmund I, King of England and Sainte Alfgifu=Elgiva, Queen of England (Elfrida was the widow of Eathelwold when she married Edgar, her second husband). Died: circa 1000 at England Elfride died a nun, her body painted with crosses to ward off the Devil.

242. Thorod Gunnarsson8 de Northumbria (Stuart, Page 241, Line 342-36.). AKA: Thorod Gunnarsson. Born: before 953, son of Gunnor, Earldorman de Northumbria and N? N?, Thorod is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Aelfgifu was born. Married before 968: N? N?

243. N?8 N? Married before 968: Thorod Gunnarsson de Northumbria,, son of Gunnor, Earldorman de Northumbria and N? N? 246. Wulfric, Earldorman in8 Mercia (Stuart, Page 13, Line 22-35.). Born: before 965, son of Wulfrun of Mercia and N? N?, Wulfric is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Eadgyth was born. Married before 980: N? N? Died: circa 1002.

247. N?8 N? Married before 980: Wulfric, Earldorman in Mercia,, son of Wulfrun of Mercia and N? N?

248. Ekbert, Count8 von Ambergau (Stuart, Page 19, Line 32-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). Also Known As: Ekbert "der Einaugige." AKA: Ekbert, Lord of Alaburg (Ibid.). Born: before 942, son of Wickmann, Count von Enger and Frederunda de Saxe, Ekbert was alive in the year 952, and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Bruno was born. Married before 959: N? N? Died: on 5 Apr 994.

249. N?8 N? Married before 959: Ekbert, Count von Ambergau,, son of Wickmann, Count von Enger and Frederunda de Saxe.

250. Hermann II, Duke8 de Souabe (Stuart, Page 148, Line 199-35; Page 167, Line 229-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). Born: circa 955, son of Conrad, Duke de Souabe and Jutta N?, Hermann II became Duke in 997 (Ibid.). Married in 985: Gerberge, Princess de Bourgogne,, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France (Hermann II was Gerberge's second husband). Died: either 4 May 1003 or 12 May 1025 Michael Welch's sources indicate Hermann II died on 4 May 1003 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

251. Gerberge, Princess8 de Bourgogne (Stuart, Page 149, Line 201-35.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: de Souabe. Married Name: de Westphalie. Born: between 0965 and 0966, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France. Married before 970: Bernard I, Count de Westphalie (Bernard I was Gerberge's first husband). Married in 985: Hermann II, Duke de Souabe,, son of Conrad, Duke de Souabe and Jutta N? (Hermann II was Gerberge's second husband). Died: in 1017 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

252. Hughes V, Count8 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Born: before 943, son of Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace and Luitgard de Lorraine, Hughes V is presumed to have been born before his mother remarried. Married before 964: N? N? Died: before 986 (Ibid.).

253. N?8 N? Married before 964: Hughes V, Count d'Alsace,, son of Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace and Luitgard de Lorraine.

254. Ludwig, Count8 von Dagsburg. AKA: Louis, Comte de Dabo Dagsburg or Dabo, a Château to the South-west of Saverne, was the seat of a County. Around 920, Hughes was Comte de Dabo and Egisheim. Hughes III married a daughter of Hughes Capet. The Count Louis, whose paternity is unknown, was father of Heilwige, who took the back to the Seigneurs of Egisheim (Abbott, Page 524.). Born: before 955 Ludwig is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Heilwig was born. Married before 970: Judith von Ohningen,, daughter of Kuno, Count von Ohningen and Richilde, Princess of Germany (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Died: after 980 Ludwig=Louis was alive in the year 980.

255. Judith8 von Ohningen (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-33.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: von Dagsburg. Born: before 955, daughter of Kuno, Count von Ohningen and Richilde, Princess of Germany, Judith is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Heilwig was born. Married before 970: Ludwig, Count von Dagsburg (Ibid.).

--- 9th Generation ---

260. Gauzfrid, Vicomte9 de Chartres (Abbott, Page 95.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 262.). AKA: Gauzfrid, Vicomte de Châteaudun (Abbott, Page 95.). Born: before 910 at France (Ibid.). Married before 929: N? N? Died: after 939 (Ibid.).

261. N?9 N? Married before 929: Gauzfrid, Vicomte de Chartres.

264. Albéric=Aubri, Sire9 de Salins (André Roux: Scrolls, 171.) (Stuart, Page 77, Line 101-35.) (Abbott, Pages 517 - 518.) (Stuart, Page 77.) (Stuart.). AKA: Albéric, Sire de Breçon. AKA: Albéric I, Vicomte de Narbonne (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Page 6.). AKA: Aubri, Count de Mâcon (Abbott, Pages 212, 393, 517.). Born: before 851, son of Mayeul, Vicomte de Narbonne and Raymonde=Raimodis N?, Albéric is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Liétaud II was born. Married before 868: Attellanne, Vicomtesse de Mâcon,, daughter of Ranulf, Vicomte de Mâcon and N? N? Note - on 15 Jun 911: Walchair and his brother Albéric had jointly ceded to Arnuste, Archbishop de Narbonne, and parcel of lande in Bisan, on which two churches were built. According to the charter dated 17 calendes of July, the Archbishop donated these two churches to the Church de Saint-Paul de Narbonne. This charter establishes the filiation (paternity) of Albéric and Walchaire to Maïeul. Died: in 949 Abbott's data indicate that Aubri died in 949, but Perro's sources indicate it was between 28 February and 20 September 943 (Abbott, Page 518.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.).

265. Attellanne, Vicomtesse9 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 171.) (Stuart, Page 142, Line 189-36.). Married Name: de Salins. Born: before 854, daughter of Ranulf, Vicomte de Mâcon and N? N?, Attellanne is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Liétaud was born. Married before 868: Albéric=Aubri, Sire de Salins,, son of Mayeul, Vicomte de Narbonne and Raymonde=Raimodis N?

266. Manasses, Comte9 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Manasses, Count d'Autun. Born: before 866 at France, son of Théodoric, Count d'Autun and N? de Metz, Manasses is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Gilbert was born. Married before 883: Ermengarde N?

267. Ermengarde9 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 869 at France Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter, Ermengarde was born. Married before 883: Manasses, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Théodoric, Count d'Autun and N? de Metz. Died: on 12 Apr 935.

268. Achard9 de La Ferté-sur-Aube (Stuart, Page 81, Line 108-37.). AKA: Achard de Roucy. Born: before 901 at Bourgogne, France, son of Regenald de Roucy and N? N?, Archard was alive in the year 901. Married before 926: Acharda de Bar-sur-Aube. Died: circa 950.

269. Acharda9 de Bar-sur-Aube (Ibid.). Married Name: de La Ferté-sur-Aube. Note -: Acharda was the heiress of Bar-sur-Aube, and a descendent of the counts Gui and Fulk de Bar-sur-Aube at the end of the 9th. Century. Born: before 911 at France Acharda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Renaud was born. Married before 926: Achard de La Ferté-sur-Aube,, son of Regenald de Roucy and N? N?

270. Gilbert, Count9 de Brabant (André Roux: Scrolls, 113, 191, 193.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 154, Line 207-37.). AKA: Gilbert, Duke de Luxembourg. AKA: Gilbert, Duke de Lotharingie. AKA: Gilbert, Count de Hainaut. AKA: Giselbert, Duke de Lorraine. Note -: Gilbert was the Duke of Luxembourg as well as of Lotharingie, and Count of Hainaut (Brabant). He was also the Lay Abbott of Echternach. Born: circa 890 at Belgium, son of Rainier I, Count de Hainaut and Albérade, Duchesse de Lorraine. Married in 928: Gerberge de Saxe,, daughter of Henri I, Duke de Saxe and Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim (Gilbert was Gerberge's first husband). Died: on 2 Oct 939 at Echternacht, Luxembourg.

271. Gerberge9 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 113, 191.) (Stuart, Page 70, Line 92-35.). Married Name: de France. Married Name: de Brabant. Born: between 0913 and 0914 at Nordhausen, Saxony, daughter of Henri I, Duke de Saxe and Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim. Married in 928: Gilbert, Count de Brabant,, son of Rainier I, Count de Hainaut and Albérade, Duchesse de Lorraine (Gilbert was Gerberge's first husband). Married in 940: Louis IV, King de France,, son of Charles III, King de France and Eadgifu=Ogive=Hadwige, Princess of England (Louis IV was Gerberge's second husband). Died: on 5 May 984 at Reims, Champagne, France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.).

272. Fouques I, Count9 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Roux" (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Born: either 0870 or 0888 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Ingelger, Count d'Anjou and Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur- Indre. AKA: Fulk I, Vicomte d'Angers. Married in 905 at France: Roscille de Loches,, daughter of Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches and Toscanda N? AKA: Foulques I, Comte de Nantes (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). AKA: Foulques I, Vicomte d'Anjou (Ibid.). Occupation: in 929 Fouques I was also the Vicomte d'Angers and the first bonafide Count d'Anjou in the year 929 (Abbott, Page 143.). AKA: Fulco, Comte d'Angers Self- proclaimed Comte d'Anjou, the titular Comte d'Anjou at that time was Hughes I "Le Grand", Duc de France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Died: in 938.

273. Roscille9 de Loches (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.). Married Name: d'Anjou. AKA: Roseille, Dame de Villenstras (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Roseille, Dame de La Haye (Ibid.). Born: in 874 at Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches and Toscanda N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 905 at France: Fouques I, Count d'Anjou,, son of Ingelger, Count d'Anjou and Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur-Indre. Died: after 929 (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.).

274. Gausfred I, Vicomte9 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-36.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 232, 233, 244.) (Stuart.). AKA: Geoffrey I, Comte de Gâtinais (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.). Born: circa 890 at France, son of Albéric, Dux d'Orléans and N? N?, Geoffroy witnessed the charter of Hugh The Great of France in 939 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). Married before 911: Aba, Dame d'Arverne,, daughter of Hector d'Arverne and Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine. AKA: Gausfred, Comte de Nevers (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). AKA: Geoffrey, Count de Gâtinais The Pays of Gâtinais formed part of Bourgogne and later Neustrie. The County was formed in 933 and was in the hands of Geoffrey (Abbott, Page 39.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 241.). Died: after 942 at France Geoffroy=Gausfred is cited in charters in 935 and 941 and was alive in the year 942. Geoffroy was the first documented Comte du Gâtinais. The Gâtinais formed a Carolingian Pagus. Later, the pays was divided between two governments, the Ile de France and the Orléanais. Abbott claims Geoffroy's daugher married Ingelger, founder of the House of Anjou, but too many sources disagree (Abbott, Page 103.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 233.).

275. Aba, Dame9 d'Arverne (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 892, daughter of Hector d'Arverne and Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine. Married before 911: Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans,, son of Albéric, Dux d'Orléans and N? N?

276. Herbert II, Count9 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-36.). AKA: Herbert II, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert II de Coucy Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique formed part of the patrimony of the Abbey de Saint Rémi, itself annexed to the episcopal domain. After securing Vitry, Herbert II, Master of the Rémois, gave Coucy to the Châtelain de Vitry in order to reward him for his treachery towards Boson. Thibaut "Le Tricheur", Herbert II's son-in-law, claimed Coucy as against Rheims, and held the place from 956 to 958 (Abbott, Page 36.). AKA: Herbert, Comte de Madrie Herbert held Madrie in 918. The county was dismembered in 934 following the creation of Normandie (Abbott, Page 236.). AKA: Herbert II, Count de Troyes. AKA: Herbert II, Count de Meaux. Born: circa 884, son of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois, The birth year is somewhat questionable and ranges from 884 to 893 depending on the source. Married before 907: Hildebrante de Neustrie,, daughter of Robert I, King de France and Adèle=Aénis N? (Herbert II was Hildebrante's second husband and she was his first wife. The marriage brought to Herbert II the County of Meaux, Multien and the Omois) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Died: on 23 Feb 943 at Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Picardie, France.

277. Hildebrante9 de Neustrie (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 112.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-36. ). AKA: Adèle, Princess de France. Married Name: Liégarde de Vermandois. Married Name: de Blois. Born: circa 887, daughter of Robert I, King de France and Adèle=Aénis N? Married before 907: Herbert II, Count de Vermandois,, son of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois (Herbert II was Hildebrante's second husband and she was his first wife. The marriage brought to Herbert II the County of Meaux, Multien and the Omois) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Married in 942: Thibaut, Count de Blois,, son of Thibaud, Vicomte de Troyes and Richilde de Bourges (Thibaut II was Hildebrante's second husband). Died: circa 945.

278. Gilbert, Duke9 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 194.). AKA: Gilbert, Count de Dijon. AKA: Gilbert, Count de Vergy. AKA: Gilbert, Count de Chalon (Abbott, Page 207.). AKA: Gilbert, Count de Bourgogne (Encyclopedia.). Note -: Gilbert was also the Count of Dijon, Vergy and of Chalon, France. Born: before 904 at France, son of Manasses, Comte de Bourgogne and Ermengarde N?, Gilbert is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Adélaïde was born. Married before 921 at France: Ermengarde d'Autun,, daughter of Richard, Comte d'Autun and Adélaïde d'Auxerre. Died: on 16 Apr 956.

279. Ermengarde9 d'Autun (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 194.). AKA: Ermengarde, Duchesse de Bourgogne (Abbott, Page 198.). Born: before 907 at France, daughter of Richard, Comte d'Autun and Adélaïde d'Auxerre, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Adélaïs was born. André Roux shows Ermengarde as the daughter of Richard by Adélaïde d'Auxerre, but Abbott claims she was the daughter of Richard's son, Hughes "Le Noir." PaterAlter before 907 Ermengarde d'Autun/Hugues, Duke de Bourgogne (an unknown value) (Ibid.). Married before 921 at France: Gilbert, Duke de Bourgogne,, son of Manasses, Comte de Bourgogne and Ermengarde N? Died: in 952.

290. Isaac, Count9 de Combray (Stuart, Page 273, Line 400-36.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 168.). AKA: Isaac, Count de Cambrai. Born: circa 886, son of Raoul, Comte de Combray and N? de Hainaut, Isaac was Count in the year 916 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 19:59 Hours.). Married before 909: Albérade de Flandre,, daughter of Ralph de Flandre and N? N? PaterAlter before 910 Isaac, Count de Combray/Raoul de Gouy (an unknown value) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 20:00 Hours.). Died: after 30 Apr 948.

291. Albérade9 de Flandre (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 19:59 Hours.). Married Name: de Combray. Born: before 895, daughter of Ralph de Flandre and N? N?, Albérade is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Jean, was born. Married before 909: Isaac, Count de Combray,, son of Raoul, Comte de Combray and N? de Hainaut. MaterAlter: before 910 Raoul de Gouy/Albérade de Flandre (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 20:00 Hours.). Died: after 921.

304. Guillaume I, Duke9 de Normandie (Rosamond, Page 238.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-34.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Guillaume, Comte du Maine King Raoul gave Maine to Guillaume I in 923, but the normans lost it after 20 years (Abbott, Page 130.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Longue Épée" (Abbott, Page 219.). Born: circa 900 at Normandie, France, son of Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie and Popa de Bayeux. Married circa 930: Sprote de Bretagne,, daughter of Hubert, Comte de Senlis and N? N? (Sprote was a Breton concubine "Danish Wife" and also first wife of William Longsword). Note - between 0933 and 0942: While married to the daughter of Herbert of Vermandois, Guillaume I's children were born of the Breton concubine. William had supported King Louis IV and attempted to establish his protection over Brittany (Bretagne), gaining at least the Contentin and Avranchin in 933. When, in 942, William was murdered at the instigation of Arnoul, Count of Flanders, his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. Married in 940 at France: Leutgarde de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie. Died: on 17 Dec 943 at France Guillaume I was assassinated.

305. Sprote9 de Bretagne (Rosamond, Page 238.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-34.) (André Roux: Scrolls.). Married Name: de Normandie. Born: circa 911 at Bretagne, France, daughter of Hubert, Comte de Senlis and N? N? Married circa 930: Guillaume I, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie and Popa de Bayeux (Sprote was a Breton concubine "Danish Wife" and also first wife of William Longsword). Married in 943: Néel I de Saint-Sauveur,, son of Richard de Saint-Sauveur and N? N? (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=170661, 9 December 2008.). Married Name: de Saint-Sauveur (Ibid.). Married Name: de Bayeux. Married in 944: Asperling de Bayeux. Died: in 945.

Coat of Arms worn by Herbast de Crépon.

306. Herbastus, Chevalier9 de Crépon (Stuart, Page 237.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., David Dowell posting on the Genealogy BB of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service under Subject "Antrobus" on 7 January 1996 at 22:23 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 306.). Occupation: Herbastus was the Forrester of Arques. Born: circa 911 at Normandie, France. Married before 936 at France: Cyrid N?

307. Cyrid9 N? (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., David Dowell posting on the Genealogy BB of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service under Subject "Antrobus" on 7 January 1996 at 22:23 Hours.). Born: circa 922. Married before 936 at France: Herbastus, Chevalier de Crépon.

312. Sunier, Count9 de Barcelone (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-36.). AKA: Sunier, Count de Gerona. AKA: Sunier, Count de Besalu. Born: between 0879 and 0887, son of Wilfred I, Count d'Urgel and Gunidilde=Winilde de Flandre. AKA: Suniaire I, Comte d'Ausone (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married circa 914: Aimilda N? (Aimilda was Sunier's first wife). Married in 925: Richilde de Rouergue,, daughter of Ermengaud, Count de Rouergue and Adélaïs=Alaïs de Toulouse (Paul Theroff, posts, 17 July 1994 at 19:02 Hours.). AKA: Sunier, Count d'Urgel (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 15 Oct 950.

313. Richilde9 de Rouergue (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.) (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-36.). Married Name: Adélaïs de Barcelone. AKA: de Toulouse. Born: before 910 at France, daughter of Ermengaud, Count de Rouergue and Adélaïs=Alaïs de Toulouse, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Sunier. Married in 925: Sunier, Count de Barcelone,, son of Wilfred I, Count d'Urgel and Gunidilde=Winilde de Flandre (Paul Theroff, posts, 17 July 1994 at 19:02 Hours.). Died: on 13 Dec 954 at Spain.

314. Raymond III, Count9 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 85, 146.) (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 2 May 1994 at 14:37 Hours.). AKA: Raymond III Pons, Count d'Albi. AKA: Raymond, Seigneur de Quercy He was also the suzerain lord of the counties of Carcassonne, Albigeois, Rouergue and Quercy (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_Toc389204247.). AKA: Raymond, Seigneur de Rouergue He was also the suzerain lord of the counties of Carcassonne, Albigeois, Rouergue and Quercy (Ibid.). AKA: Raymond, Seigneur de Carcassonne He was also the suzerain lord of the counties of Carcassonne, Albigeois, Rouergue and Quercy (Ibid.). Born: circa 900 at Languedoc, France, son of Raimond II, Count de Toulouse and Gunhilde d'Urgel (Ibid.). AKA: Pons I, Count de Toulouse He succeeded his father (in 923) as RAYMOND PONS Comte de Toulouse (Ibid.). Note - between 0923 and 0950: Raymond III Pons Count of Toulouse, Languedoc, France: 923-950, was also the Duke of Aquitaine, and Marquis of Gothie (Augé.). Married before 925: Berthe de Toscane,, daughter of Boson, Marquis de Toscane and Willa de Bourgogne (Berthe was Raimond III's second wife, and he was her first husband). Married before 928: Garsinde de Gascogne,, daughter of Garcia Sanchez, Count de Gascogne and Aminiana de Périgord. AKA: Pons I, Count d'Auvergne (Richard, Histoire des Comtes de, 94, Tome I, Page 99.). AKA: Raymond III, Marquis de Gothie (Ibid.). AKA: Raymond III, Duke d'Aquitaine He swore homage in 932 to Raoul de Bourgogne King of France, who rewarded him by appointing him Duke of Aquitaine, Comte d'Auvergne and with the territory of the Marquisate of Gothie. He is recorded with the title "Duke of Aquitaine" in the foundation act of the monastery of Chanteuges in 936 and in another act in the same year, indicating that he challenged the authority of Guillaume III “Tête d’Etoupes” Duke of Aquitaine (Ibid.) (C. Settipani, La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien. Etudes sur quelques grandes familles d'Aquitaine et du Languedoc du IXe au XIe siècles. in no series (: (Prosopographica et Genealogica, 2004), Page 52.). PaterAlter before 936 Raymond III, Count de Toulouse/Guillaume III, Count de Toulouse (an unknown value). Buried: circa 944 at Saint- Pons-de-Thomières, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillion, France. Died: circa 944 (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_Toc389204247.).

315. Garsinde9 de Gascogne (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-33.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 2 May 1994 at 14:37 Hours.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Born: before 918, daughter of Garcia Sanchez, Count de Gascogne and Aminiana de Périgord, Garsinde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Raymond III Pons. Married before 928: Raymond III, Count de Toulouse,, son of Raimond II, Count de Toulouse and Gunhilde d'Urgel. MaterAlter: circa 947 Guillaume III, Count de Toulouse/Garsinde de Gascogne.

316. Arnold I, Comte9 de Comminges (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Foix" posted on 21 March 1995 at 02:08 Hours.). AKA: Arnaud, Count de Consérans. Born: before 910 at France, son of Aznar, Count de Consérans and N? N?, Arnold I is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Arsende. Two brothers, whose origin is unknown. Settipani[Settipani (2004), p. 67. ] highlights that the hypothesis that the father of Arnaud and Roger was named "A(z)nar" depends on the co-identity of "Raymundus…germani mei Ludovicus, Ademarus, Garsia, Amelius, filii Enardi filii Aneri…", who granted property to the abbey of Auch by charter dated [998][Cartulaire noir de Sainte-Marie d'Auch, ed. Cyprien Lacave Laplagne Barris, Archives historiques de la Gascogne, III (Auch, 1899), no. 47, quoted in Settipani (2004), p. 67 footnote 2. ], with "Raymond" son of Arnaud de Comminges. However, these supposed brothers of Raymond are not referred to in any other documents so far identified which name the sons of Arnaud de Comminges. Married in 940: Arsende, Countess de Carcassonne,, daughter of Acfred I, Duke d'Aquitaine and N? N? Occupation: in 945 Arnold I was Count of a part of Comminges in the year 945. Note - in 949: "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" granted property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 949. Died: circa 957.

317. Arsende, Countess9 de Carcassonne (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-36.) (Abbott, Page 379.). Married Name: de Comminges. AKA: Arsinde, Comtesse de Razès (Abbott, Page 396.). Born: before 927 at France, daughter of Acfred I, Duke d'Aquitaine and N? N?, According to Europäische Stammtafeln, Arsinde was the daughter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine, Comte d'Auvergne, first cousin of Acfred [II] Comte de Carcassonne. Settipani highlights that the obvious way of explaining the transmission of the county of Carcassonne to the family of the Comtes de Comminges is that she was Arsinde de Carcassonne, daughter of Acfred Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès Seigneur de Foix & his wife. However, the chronology is not ideal. As explained below (Part B), it is likely that her son Roger [I] Comte de Carcassonne was born in the later part of the date range [930/40]. If this is correct, it is likely that Arsinde married in [925/35] which would place her own birth in the range [905/20]. Another difficulty is that there is no indication who held the county of Carcassonne between the death of Comte Acfred [II] in [933] and the time when Arsinde's son Roger was comte, the date of which is uncertain but is unlikely to precede the at the earliest. In particular, no proof has yet been found that the county was inherited by Arsinde's husband, which would have been normal if his wife had been the heiress of Carcassonne. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, Arsinde was the daughter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is assumed that it is also speculative based on onomastics. A third possibility is proposed by Stasser, who suggests that she was the sister of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue, on the grounds that it is better supported from the onomastic point of view. "Arsindis comitissa cum filiis suis Odo et Raimundo" are named in a charter dated 957, which suggests that her husband had died before that date. PaterAlter before 927 Arsende, Countess de Carcassonne/Acfred II, Comte de Carcassonne (an unknown value). Married in 940: Arnold I, Comte de Comminges,, son of Aznar, Count de Consérans and N? N? Died: after 969 Arsende was alive in the year 969.

328. Hughes II, Count9 du Maine (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-34.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 191.). Born: circa 906 at Maine, France, son of Hughes I, Count du Maine and N? du Maine, Hughes II was alive in the year 939. Married before 920: N? de Vermandois. Note - in 967: Hughes Capet and Hughes II subscribed to a sale by Gérard de Buzençais to the monks of Saint-Julien de Tours of an allod at Tais 9in Chemillé, Indre- et-Loire), in 967. This is the last known attestation of Hugh II for the Dux Francorum Hugh Capet, though Hugh II continued to work with Geoffroi d'Anjou and Thibaud de Blois until around 976, at which the the relationship between Anjou and Blois broke down irretrievably (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 197.). Died: circa 992.

329. N?9 de Vermandois. Born: circa 905. Married before 920: Hughes II, Count du Maine,, son of Hughes I, Count du Maine and N? du Maine. Married Name: du Maine.

336. Humbert=Oberto I, Count9 de Genoa (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-34.). AKA: Humbert, Count de Tortone. AKA: Humbert, Marquis of Italy. AKA: Humbert, Marquis d'Este. Born: before 955 at Italy, son of Alberto=Azzo, Count de Lucca and Guilla de Spoleto, Humbert is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Alberto Azzo I was born. Married before 970: Railinda de Como,, daughter of Wiprand, Count de Como and N? N? Died: between 1014 and 1021.

337. Railinda9 de Como (Ibid.). Married Name: de Genoa. Born: before 955 at Italy, daughter of Wiprand, Count de Como and N? N?, Railinda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Alberto Azzo I was born. Married before 970: Humbert=Oberto I, Count de Genoa,, son of Alberto=Azzo, Count de Lucca and Guilla de Spoleto.

340. Hughes III, Count9 du Maine (André Roux: Scrolls, 241.) (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-33.) (Abbott, Page 130.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 192.). Born: circa 932 at France, son of Hughes II, Count du Maine and N? de Vermandois, Hughes III was alive in the year 967. Married before 977: N? de Guiscard. Died: between 1015 and 1016 Hugh III was allied with Odon II of Blois against Richard of Normandy shortly before his death in 1015 or 1016 (Ibid.).

341. N?9 de Guiscard. Born: circa 942. Married before 977: Hughes III, Count du Maine,, son of Hughes II, Count du Maine and N? de Vermandois. Married Name: du Maine.

356. Fulcoin=Foulques9 de Creil (André Roux: Scrolls, 53.). Born: before 925 at Normandie, France. Married before 935 at France: Rhotaïs N? Died: before 940 at Normandie, France.

357. Rhotaïs9 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: de Bellême. Died: at France. Born: before 930 at France. Married before 935 at France: Fulcoin=Foulques de Creil.

358. Hildouin, Count9 de Montreuil (André Roux: Scrolls, 54.). AKA: Hilduin III, Comte de Ponthieu (Abbott, Page 126.). Born: before 941, son of Guillaume, Count de Montreuil and Maud N? Married before 943: Hersende de Ramerupt,, daughter of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie. Died: after 984 at France Hildouin was alive in the year 984.

359. Hersende9 de Ramerupt. Born: circa 928, daughter of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie. Married before 943: Hildouin, Count de Montreuil,, son of Guillaume, Count de Montreuil and Maud N? Married Name: de Montreuil.

384. Rollon=Rolf, Duke9 de Normandie (André Roux: Scrolls, 149.) (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-35.) (Rosamond, Page 237.) (Stuart.). AKA: Robert, Duke de Normandie. Also Known As: Rolf "The Ganger." AKA: Rollon, Count de Rouen. Born: circa 870 at Maer, Norway, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter. Note - between 0877 and 0918 at Normandie, France: Rollon==Ranger Rolf was the first Duke of Normandy. The Territory of Normandie given to Rollon by King Charles III "Le Simple" in 911. Up to that time Normandie was part of the ancient territory of Neustrie. He took Rouen in 877, and was made a Count in 911. He is believed to have been a Norwegian or a Dane. In 910, he attacked Paris but was pushed back. In 911, he laid siege to Chartres, but Robert, Comte de Paris and the Bishop Gouteaume were able to defend the city. Rollon loses 7,000 men and retreats to Normandie. Rollon received baptism from Francon, Archbishop of Rouen and the Frankish name Robert in 912. Robert, Comte de Paris is his Godfather. The charter of Charles "Le Simple" dated 14 March 918 assigns land to St. Germain-des-Prés from the Pagus of Mersean, except that territory within the pagus already ceded to the Northmen of the Seine, namely Rollo. Married before 889: N? N? (She was Rollon's first wife). Married in 891: Popa de Bayeux,, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes (Popa was Rollon's second wife). Married in 912: Gisèle, Princesse de France,, daughter of Charles III, King de France and Frédérune de Lotharingie (Gisèle was Rollon's third wife). Married either 0912 or 0918: Popa de Bayeux,, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes (Rollon married Popa for the second time in 912 or 918, after having repudiated her from his first marriage). Died: in 931 at Neustrie Rollon is buried in Rouen (Abbott, Page 219.).

385. Popa9 de Bayeux (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). AKA: Popa, Duchess of Norway. Married Name: de Normandie. Born: circa 872 at Bayeux, Neustrie, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes. Married in 891: Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter (Popa was Rollon's second wife). Married either 0912 or 0918: Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter (Rollon married Popa for the second time in 912 or 918, after having repudiated her from his first marriage).

386. Hubert, Comte9 de Senlis (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., David Dowell posting on the Genealogy BB of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service under Subject "Antrobus" on 7 January 1996 at 22:23 Hours.). Born: circa 852 at France. Married before 910: N? N?

387. N?9 N? Married before 910: Hubert, Comte de Senlis.

392. Paskwitan II, Count9 de Rennes (Stuart, Page 237, Line 334-37.). Born: before 880 at France, son of Alain I, King de Rennes and Oréguen N? Married before 903: N?, Countess de Rennes,, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes. Died: circa 903.

393. N?, Countess9 de Rennes (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-37.). Born: before 890 at France, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes. Married before 903: Paskwitan II, Count de Rennes,, son of Alain I, King de Rennes and Oréguen N?

396. Fouques II, Count9 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Bon." Born: in 909 at France, son of Fouques I, Count d'Anjou and Roscille de Loches. Note - between 0909 and 0958 at Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France: Fouques II was the first of the Angevin Comtes to try to dominate Brittany (Abbott, Page 143.). Married before 929: Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais,, daughter of Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans and Aba, Dame d'Arverne. Died: on 11 Nov 958 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

397. Gerberge, Comtesse9 de Gâtinais (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-36.) (Abbott, Page 103.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 241, 244.) (Abbott, Page 103.). AKA: Gerberge d'Arles. Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: circa 913 at France, daughter of Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans and Aba, Dame d'Arverne, Gerberge's parentage is in dispute. PaterAlter circa 913 Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais/Ratburne, Vicomte de Vienne (an unknown value) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). MaterAlter: circa 913 Gerberge d'Arverne/Gerberge, Comtesse de Gâtinais (Ibid.). Married before 929: Fouques II, Count d'Anjou,, son of Fouques I, Count d'Anjou and Roscille de Loches. Died: in 952 Gerberge signed a charter in 952 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.").

416. Arnoul I, Count9 de Flandre (Encyclopedia.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 141-36.). Also Known As: Arnold "The Great." AKA: Arnoul, Count d'Artois. Also Known As: Arnoul "Le Vieux" (Abbott, Page 292.). Born: between 0885 and 0890, son of Baudouin II, Count de Flandre and Elstrude, Princess of England. Married before 905: N? N? (She was Arnoul's first wife). Married in 934 at France: Adèle=Alix de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie (Adèle was Arnoul's second wife. There was probably an element of calculation in Arnoul's marriage to Adèle as she was the daughter of Herbert de Vermandois, although Herbert may himself have thought of the marriage as opening up some possibilities for his family. This marriage confirms the alienation of Flanders from its English connection. When an English fleet ravaged the Flemish coast in 939 to aid Louis IV, Count Arnoul joined the rebels. Their son, Baudouin III died before his father, leaving an infant, Arnoul II as heir) (Rosamond, Page 251.). Died: on 27 Mar 964.

417. Adèle=Alix9 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 118.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-35.). Married Name: Adélaïde de Flandre. Born: in 908, daughter of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie. Married in 934 at France: Arnoul I, Count de Flandre,, son of Baudouin II, Count de Flandre and Elstrude, Princess of England (Adèle was Arnoul's second wife. There was probably an element of calculation in Arnoul's marriage to Adèle as she was the daughter of Herbert de Vermandois, although Herbert may himself have thought of the marriage as opening up some possibilities for his family. This marriage confirms the alienation of Flanders from its English connection. When an English fleet ravaged the Flemish coast in 939 to aid Louis IV, Count Arnoul joined the rebels. Their son, Baudouin III died before his father, leaving an infant, Arnoul II as heir) (Rosamond, Page 251.). Died: in 960.

418. Hermann, Duke9 de Saxe (Stuart, Page 223, Line 312-36.). AKA: Hermann von Billung. Born: circa 905, son of Billung, Count de Saxe and Fréderunda N? Married before 939: Hildegarde von Westerburg. Died: on 27 Mar 973.

419. Hildegarde9 von Westerburg (Ibid.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: before 925 Hildegarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Bernard, was born. Married before 939: Hermann, Duke de Saxe,, son of Billung, Count de Saxe and Fréderunda N?

420. Adelbert I, Count of9 Italy (Stuart, Page 236, Line 332-37.) (Stuart, Page 235. ). AKA: Adalbert, Margrave d'Ivrée. AKA: Adalbert, Count de Parma. Born: between 0880 and 0885 at Ivrea, Italy, son of Anchier II, Count d'Orcheret and Gisèle N? Married before 900 at Italy: Gisèle, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Bérenger=Berengar I, King of Italy and Bertila de Spoleto (Gisèle was Adalbert's first wife). Married circa 915: Ermengarde de Toscane,, daughter of Adalbert II, Margrave de Toscane and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine (Ermengarde was Adelbert I's second wife). Died: between 0923 and 0925.

421. Gisèle, Princess of9 Italy (Stuart, Page 197, Line 269-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:56 Hours.). AKA: Gisèle de Friuli. Born: between 0880 and 0885 at Italy, daughter of Bérenger=Berengar I, King of Italy and Bertila de Spoleto. Married before 900 at Italy: Adelbert I, Count of Italy,, son of Anchier II, Count d'Orcheret and Gisèle N? (Gisèle was Adalbert's first wife). Died: on 13 Jun 910 (Stuart, Page 197.).

422. Boson, Marquis9 de Toscane (André Roux: Scrolls, 128, 146.). AKA: Boson, Count d'Arles (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-37.). AKA: Boso, Margrave of Tuscany. AKA: Boson, Comte d'Avignon (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: circa 885, son of Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine. Married before 913: Willa de Bourgogne,, daughter of Rudolphe I, King de Bourgogne and Willa de Vienne. Occupation: between 0913 and 0936 Boson was Count from 913-936. Died: between 0936 and 0940.

423. Willa9 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 128, 146.). Married Name: de Toscane. Married Name: d'Arles. Born: between 0888 and 0899, daughter of Rudolphe I, King de Bourgogne and Willa de Vienne, Willa is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Berthe was born. Married before 913: Boson, Marquis de Toscane,, son of Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine.

424. Richwin, Count9 de Verdun (Stuart, Page 274, Line 403-36; Page 247, Line 353-37.). Born: before 903, son of Rainier, Count de Verdun and N? N?, Richwin is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Richwin was perhaps the son of Rainier. Married circa 920: Kunigonde de France,, daughter of N? N? and Ermentrude, Princess de France. Died: in 923.

425. Kunigonde9 de France (Stuart, Page 247, Line 353-37.). Married Name: d'Aachen. Married Name: de Verdun. Born: circa 890, daughter of N? N? and Ermentrude, Princess de France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). Married circa 908: Wigeric, Pfalzgrave d'Aachen (Wigeric was Kunigonde's first husband). Married circa 920: Richwin, Count de Verdun,, son of Rainier, Count de Verdun and N? N? Died: after 923.

426. Éberhard IV, Count9 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-35; Page 150, Line 202-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Lorraine", 10 July 1995 at 13:24 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.) (Ibid.). AKA: Éberhard IV, Count de Nordgau Éberhard IV was a Count in the Alsacian Nordgau. Born: circa 919, son of Hughes III, Count d'Alsace and Hildegarde N?, Eberhard = Gerard's parentage is uncertain (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). MaterAlter: before 925 N? N?/Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace. Married in 935: Luitgard de Lorraine,, daughter of Wigeric, Pfalzgrave d'Aachen and Kunigonde de France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 18 Dec 972 Gary Murray's sources indicate Eberhard died 8 December 966. Michael Welch's sources indicate Eberhard IV died 14 December 972/973 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

427. Luitgard9 de Lorraine (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-37; Page 150, Line 202-37.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Alsace. Married Name: de Metz. Born: before 915, daughter of Wigeric, Pfalzgrave d'Aachen and Kunigonde de France. Married before 933: Adalbert, Count de Metz,, son of Matfried, Count de Metz and Lantsind N? (Adalbert was Luitgard's first husband). Married in 935: Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace,, son of Hughes III, Count d'Alsace and Hildegarde N? (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: in 966.

428. Eudes, Count9 de Wetterau (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-37.). Born: circa 899, son of Gebhard, Count de Wetterau and N? N? (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). Married before 918: N? de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois. Died: on 2 Dec 949.

429. N?9 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-37.) (Leana Randall, a Prodigy Bulletin Board Member, was active in posting lengthy lines since July 1994, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Wetterau. Born: circa 882 at Saint-Quentin, Vermandois, Picardie, France, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois. Married before 918: Eudes, Count de Wetterau,, son of Gebhard, Count de Wetterau and N? N? Died: on 12 Dec 949.

430. Megingor, Count9 von Avalgau (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-36.). Born: before 929 Megingor was Count in 939 and is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age by that time. Married before 960: Gerberge N?

431. Gerberge9 N? (______, Personal Research. References.). Married Name: von Avalgau. Born: before 945 Gerberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermentrude was born. Married before 960: Megingor, Count von Avalgau. Died: circa 995.

Robert I, King of the Francs.

432. Robert I, King9 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Tome 1, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407 - 424.). AKA: Robert, King de Neustrie. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Paris. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Poitiers. AKA: Robert I, Marquis d'Orléans. Born: circa 865 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours, Robert was alive in the year 865. Married before 887: Adèle=Aénis N? Married in 890: Béatrice de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois (Béatrice was Robert's second wife). Note - between 0910 and 0923 at France: In 903, The Normands burned the famous Abbey de Saint-Martin in Tours. In 910, Rollon, the Dane Hrolf, attacks Paris but is pushed back by Robert and his forces. In 911, Rollon lays siege to Chartres, and the city is rescued by Robert with the help of the Bishop Gouteaume, who parades before the troops bearing the cloak of the Virgin Marry. The next day, Rollon is pushed back having lost 7,000 of his men. In 922, Robert plots against the King, Charles "Le Simple", and succeeds in rallying around him a number of malcontents. On 29 June 922, Robert is elected King by a faction of the Greats (assembly of nobles). Near Soissons, on 14 June 923, the two Kings fight and Robert is killed. Robert was King of Neustrie and the West Franks from 922 to 923. Died: on 14 Jun 923 at near Soissons, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France, Robert died at the Battle of Soissons while fighting against the troops of his foe King Charles "Le Simple" and his troops of Lorraine. His successor was an in- law, Raoul, Duke de Bourgogne, Abbé de Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre. 433. Béatrice9 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-36.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). Married Name: de Neustrie. Married Name: de France. Born: in 880 at Saint-Quentin, Vermandois, Picardie, France, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois. Married in 890: Robert I, King de France,, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours (Béatrice was Robert's second wife). Died: between Apr 931 and Dec 931.

434. Henri I, Duke9 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 113.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-36.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407.). AKA: Henry I, King of Germany. AKA: Henry I, Emperor of the West. AKA: Henri "l'Oiseleur." Born: in 876 at Saxe, Germany, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière. Married in 909 at Germany: Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim,, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Note - between 0919 and 0936: Henri I became King of Germany upon the death of Conrad I de Saxe in 919. He was King of Germany: 919-936, and founded the Saxon dynasty. King Conrad I designated Henri as his successor in 918 because Henri, as Duke of Saxony, was the only prince strong enough to give order to the East Frankish territories (Germany). Elected King by the Saxons and the Franconians, he quickly forced the duchies of Bavaria and Swabia to acknowledge him. In 925, he seized Lotharingie from the West Franks (France), and won the submission of Bohemia. He defeated the Magyar (933 at Riade), the Slavs and the Danes (934). Married before 936: Hatheburg N? Died: on 2 Jul 936 at Memleben, Saxe, Germany.

435. Mathilde, Countess9 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-36.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 894 at Memleben, Westphalia, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine. Married in 909 at Germany: Henri I, Duke de Saxe,, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 14 Mar 968 at Quedlinburg, Germany.

436. Ébalus9 Manzer (Encyclopedia.) (Stuart, Page 119, Line 163-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn34.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn36.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn37 (Chronico Richardi Pictavensis, RHGF IX, p. 21.).). AKA: Ebles, Count d'Auvergne Ebles was Comte d'Auvergne 926-928 (Abbott, Page 442.). Born Illeg.: either 0872 or 0890 at France -, son of Ranulf II, Comte de Poitou and Ermengarde N?, -. AKA: Ébles, Count de Poitou He succeeded his father in 890 as EBLE "Mancer" Comte de Poitou. His succession was opposed by Adémar, son of Comte Emenon. Comte Eble found refuge first with Géraud Seigneur d'Aurillac, later with Guillaume "le Pieux" Comte d'Auvergne, his uncles Josbert and Eble assuming the defence of his rights to Poitou until their deaths in late 892 (Abbott, Page 402.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn35.) (Richard, Histoire des Comtes de, 94, Pages 68-69.). Married after 10 Oct 891: Aremburge N? (Aremburge was Ébalus' first wife). Note - between 0901 and 0904: Poitou was captured by the forces of Eudes King of France, who gave the county to his brother Robert although the latter was expelled by Comte Aimar[39]. Comte Eble expelled Comte Aimar in 902 and was restored as Comte de Poitou. He was recognised as Comte du Limousin in 904 (Richard, Histoire des Comtes de, 94, Pages 72 - 83.). Married before Feb 911: Émilienne N? AKA: Ebles, Duke d'Aquitaine Acfred Duke of Aquitaine appointed Eble as his heir, the latter succeeding as Duke of Aquitaine and Comte d'Auvergne in 927 (Abbott, Page 303.) (Richard, Histoire des Comtes de, 94, Pages 95.). Died: either 0932 or 0934 Raoul King of France transferred Aquitaine to Raymond Comte de Toulouse in 932. "Ebolus…Pictavorum…comes" donated "in pago Alninse, Ingolinis, in villa…Verzeria" to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated Jan 934 ("anno XI regnante Radulfo rege"). On the other hand, a charter dated 932 was confirmed by "Guillelmus comes…post mortem patris sui" (Ibid., Page 98 - 99.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn43 [ Société des Archives Historiques du Poitou (1874) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers, Archives historiques du Poitou Tome III (Poitiers) ("Poitiers Saint-Cyprien") 528, p. 318, and footnote 1 (continuation on p. 319).].) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn44 [ Société des Archives Historiques du Poitou (1874) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers, Archives historiques du Poitou Tome III (Poitiers) ("Poitiers Saint-Cyprien") 528, p. 318.].).

437. Émilienne9 N? (Stuart, Page 119, Line 163-36.). Married Name: Manzer. Born: before 900 Émilienne is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Guillaume III was born. Married before Feb 911: Ébalus Manzer,, son of Ranulf II, Comte de Poitou and Ermengarde N?

438. Rollon=Rolf, Duke9 de Normandie (André Roux: Scrolls, 149.) (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-35.) (Rosamond, Page 237.) (Stuart.). AKA: Robert, Duke de Normandie. Also Known As: Rolf "The Ganger." AKA: Rollon, Count de Rouen. Born: circa 870 at Maer, Norway, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter. Note - between 0877 and 0918 at Normandie, France: Rollon=Rollo=Ranger Rolf was the first Duke of Normandy. The Territory of Normandie given to Rollon by King Charles III "Le Simple" in 911. Up to that time Normandie was part of the ancient territory of Neustrie. He took Rouen in 877, and was made a Count in 911. He is believed to have been a Norwegian or a Dane. In 910, he attacked Paris but was pushed back. In 911, he laid siege to Chartres, but Robert, Comte de Paris and the Bishop Gouteaume were able to defend the city. Rollon loses 7,000 men and retreats to Normandie. Rollon received baptism from Francon, Archbishop of Rouen and the Frankish name Robert in 912. Robert, Comte de Paris is his Godfather. The charter of Charles "Le Simple" dated 14 March 918 assigns land to St. Germain-des-Prés from the Pagus of Mersean, except that territory within the pagus already ceded to the Northmen of the Seine, namely Rollo. Married before 889: N? N? (She was Rollon's first wife). Married in 891: Popa de Bayeux,, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes (Popa was Rollon's second wife). Married in 912: Gisèle, Princesse de France,, daughter of Charles III, King de France and Frédérune de Lotharingie (Gisèle was Rollon's third wife). Married either 0912 or 0918: Popa de Bayeux,, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes (Rollon married Popa for the second time in 912 or 918, after having repudiated her from his first marriage). Died: in 931 at Neustrie Rollon is buried in Rouen (Abbott, Page 219.).

439. Popa9 de Bayeux (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). AKA: Popa, Duchess of Norway. Married Name: de Normandie. Born: circa 872 at Bayeux, Neustrie, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes. Married in 891: Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter (Popa was Rollon's second wife). Married either 0912 or 0918: Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter (Rollon married Popa for the second time in 912 or 918, after having repudiated her from his first marriage).

440. Robaud I, Count9 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 148.) (Stuart, Page 236, Line 333-37.). AKA: Rotbaude I, Seigneur d'Angelca. AKA: Rotbald, Seigneur d'Agel. AKA: Robaud I, Count de Provence (Abbott, Page 606.). Also Known As: Rotbold "l'Ancient" (Ibid.). Born: before 899 at Forcalquier, Dauphiné, France, son of Hugues de Provence and N? N?, Robaud I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Robaud II was born. Married before 914 at France: N? d'Aquitaine,, daughter of Guillaume I, Duke d'Aquitaine and Engelberge de Provence. Died: circa 949.

441. N?9 d'Aquitaine (Stuart, Page 236, Line 333-37.). Married Name: d'Arles. Born: before 899, daughter of Guillaume I, Duke d'Aquitaine and Engelberge de Provence, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Robaud II was born. Married before 914 at France: Robaud I, Count d'Arles,, son of Hugues de Provence and N? N?

442. Charles Constantine, Count9 de Vienne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 20:00 Hours.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-38.). AKA: Charles, Count de Vienne. Born: circa 901, son of Louis III, King of Italy and Anna de l'Orient. Married before 929: Teutberge=Thiberge de Troyes,, daughter of Garnier=Warinus, Count de Troyes and Teutberge d'Arles. Significant-Other: Anteyer N? before 939 -. Died: after Jan 962 Upon Charles Constantine's death, the County of Vienne went to Conrad, who by then already controlled the See of Lyons.

443. Teutberge=Thiberge9 de Troyes (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-38.). Married Name: de Vienne. Born: before 914 at Troyes, Champagne, France, daughter of Garnier=Warinus, Count de Troyes and Teutberge d'Arles, Teutberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Constance was born. Married before 929: Charles Constantine, Count de Vienne,, son of Louis III, King of Italy and Anna de l'Orient. Died: after 960 at Troyes, Champagne, France (Stuart, Page 14.).

444. Fouques I, Count9 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Roux" (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Born: either 0870 or 0888 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Ingelger, Count d'Anjou and Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur- Indre. AKA: Fulk I, Vicomte d'Angers. Married in 905 at France: Roscille de Loches,, daughter of Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches and Toscanda N? AKA: Foulques I, Comte de Nantes (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). AKA: Foulques I, Vicomte d'Anjou (Ibid.). Occupation: in 929 Fouques I was also the Vicomte d'Angers and the first bonafide Count d'Anjou in the year 929 (Abbott, Page 143.). AKA: Fulco, Comte d'Angers Self- proclaimed Comte d'Anjou, the titular Comte d'Anjou at that time was Hughes I "Le Grand", Duc de France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Died: in 938.

445. Roscille9 de Loches (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.). Married Name: d'Anjou. AKA: Roseille, Dame de Villenstras (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Roseille, Dame de La Haye (Ibid.). Born: in 874 at Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches and Toscanda N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 905 at France: Fouques I, Count d'Anjou,, son of Ingelger, Count d'Anjou and Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur-Indre. Died: after 929 (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.).

446. Gausfred I, Vicomte9 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-36.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 232, 233, 244.) (Stuart.). AKA: Geoffrey I, Comte de Gâtinais (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.). Born: circa 890 at France, son of Albéric, Dux d'Orléans and N? N?, Geoffroy witnessed the charter of Hugh The Great of France in 939 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). Married before 911: Aba, Dame d'Arverne,, daughter of Hector d'Arverne and Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine. AKA: Gausfred, Comte de Nevers (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). AKA: Geoffrey, Count de Gâtinais The Pays of Gâtinais formed part of Bourgogne and later Neustrie. The County was formed in 933 and was in the hands of Geoffrey (Abbott, Page 39.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 241.). Died: after 942 at France Geoffroy=Gausfred is cited in charters in 935 and 941 and was alive in the year 942. Geoffroy was the first documented Comte du Gâtinais. The Gâtinais formed a Carolingian Pagus. Later, the pays was divided between two governments, the Ile de France and the Orléanais. Abbott claims Geoffroy's daugher married Ingelger, founder of the House of Anjou, but too many sources disagree (Abbott, Page 103.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 233.).

447. Aba, Dame9 d'Arverne (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 892, daughter of Hector d'Arverne and Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine. Married before 911: Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans,, son of Albéric, Dux d'Orléans and N? N?

456. Malcolm I, King of9 Scotland (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-36.) (O'Hart, Page 39, #104.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 52.). AKA: Mael- Coluim. Born: in 897, son of Donald II, King of Scotland and N? N? Married before 930: N? N? Note - between 0942 and 0954 at Scotland: According to Stuart, Malcolm I was King from 942 to 954. According to Internet sources, Malcolm became King of Scots, when his predecessor, Constantine II abdicated and retired to a monastery. According to Ross, Malcolm I, second cousin of his predecessor Constantine II, ascended to the throne when Constantine II retired to the Monastery of St. Andrews in 943. Malcolm seems to have enjoyed friendly relations with his English neighbors. It is recorded that King Edmund of England granted Strathclyde to Malcolm in 945 after ravaging it, and whatever agreement they entered into was renewed by Edmund's brother and successor, in 946. The upshot of this agreement seems to have been cooperation with the English in wresting Northumbria from Viking rule. Malcolm invaded Northumbria twice: in 950 and in 952 (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I830.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 27 - 28.). AKA: Malcolm I, King of Alba (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I830.html as of 28 October 1998.). Died: either 0954 or 0958 at Fordoun, Mearns, Kincardine, Scotland, According to Stuart, Malcolm I was killed by the men of Morray in 958. According to Internet sources, Malcolm was killed by his own subjects in 954, and was succeeded by his second cousin, Indulf. According to Ross and Dickinson, the people of Moray used the King's absence [while Malcolm I was fighting in Nrothumbria as far south as Tees] to launch a massive revolt. When Malcolm I returned to deal with them, they killed him in 954 at Fordoun (Ibid.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 28.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 53.). 457. N?9 N? Married before 930: Malcolm I, King of Scotland,, son of Donald II, King of Scotland and N? N? Married Name: Scotland.

480. Edmund I, King of9 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-37.). Also Known As: Edmund "The Deed Doer." Born: circa 920, son of Edward I, King of England and Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent. Note - between 0940 and 0946 at England: Edmund I was King of England 940-946. Married before 943: Sainte Alfgifu=Elgiva, Queen of England (Sainte Alfgifu was Edmund I's first wife (Edmund had at least three wives)). Died: on 26 May 946 Edmund I was murdered by a robber.

481. Sainte Alfgifu=Elgiva, Queen of9 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-37.). Born: before 924 Sainte Alfgifu is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when she died. Married before 943: Edmund I, King of England,, son of Edward I, King of England and Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent (Sainte Alfgifu was Edmund I's first wife (Edmund had at least three wives)). Died: in 944.

482. Ordgar, Earldorman of9 Devonshire (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-36.). Born: before 930 Ordgar is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Elfrida was born. Married before 945: Wulfrith N?

483. Wulfrith9 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: Devonshire. Born: before 930 Wulfrith is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Elfrida was born. Married before 945: Ordgar, Earldorman of Devonshire.

484. Gunnor, Earldorman9 de Northumbria (Stuart, Page 241, Line 342-37.). Born: before 938 Gunnor is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Thorod was born. Married before 953: N? N? Died: after 979 Gunnor was an earldorman in 979.

485. N?9 N? Married before 953: Gunnor, Earldorman de Northumbria.

492. Wulfrun of9 Mercia (Stuart, Page 13, Line 22-36.). Born: before 928 Wulfrun was taken prisoner in the year 943 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age at that time. Died: after 943. Married before 965: N? N?

493. N?9 N? Married before 965: Wulfrun of Mercia.

496. Wickmann, Count9 von Enger (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Born: circa 920 at Enger, Westphalia, Germany (Ibid.). Married before 941: Frederunda de Saxe (Ibid.). Died: on 21 Apr 944 Wickmann died in battle (Ibid.).

497. Frederunda9 de Saxe (Ibid.). Born: before 905 at Germany Frederunda is presumed to have been born before her mother, Reginhilde, was 50 years old. Married before 941: Wickmann, Count von Enger (Ibid.). Married Name: von Enger.

500. Conrad, Duke9 de Souabe (Stuart, Page 148, Line 199-36.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.) (Ibid.). AKA: Conrad, Count von Rhinegau. Born: in 925, son of Eudes, Count de Wetterau and N? de Vermandois (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married before 954: Jutta N? Died: on 20 Jul 997.

501. Jutta9 N? (Stuart, Page 148, Line 199-36.). Married Name: de Souabe. Born: circa 925 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married before 954: Conrad, Duke de Souabe,, son of Eudes, Count de Wetterau and N? de Vermandois.

502. Conrad I, King9 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 122, 191.) (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-34.) (Abbott, Page 500.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.) (Ibid.). Note -: Conrad I, Roi de la Haute-Bourgogne, was also known as Conrad Le Pacific (the Just). Also Known As: Conrad "Le Pacific" (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Born: in 937, son of Rodolphe II, King de Bourgogne and Berthe de Souabe. Married before 954: Adelana N? Married in 955: Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France,, daughter of Louis IV, King de France and Gerberge de Saxe. Significant-Other: Aldiud N? before 986 -. Died: on 19 Oct 993 at Regensburg, Ratisbonne, Bavaria, Germany, Conrad I is buried in Vienne, France (Ibid.).

503. Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess9 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 122, 191.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 171-35.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: in 943, daughter of Louis IV, King de France and Gerberge de Saxe. Married in 955: Conrad I, King de Bourgogne,, son of Rodolphe II, King de Bourgogne and Berthe de Souabe. Died: on 27 Jan 982 Mahaut is buried in Vienne. Michael Welch's sources indicate Conrad I died 26 January 981/992 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.).

504. Éberhard IV, Count9 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 20, Line 33-35; Page 150, Line 202-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Lorraine", 10 July 1995 at 13:24 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.) (Ibid.). AKA: Éberhard IV, Count de Nordgau Éberhard IV was a Count in the Alsacian Nordgau. Born: circa 919, son of Hughes III, Count d'Alsace and Hildegarde N?, Eberhard = Gerard's parentage is uncertain (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). MaterAlter: before 925 N? N?/Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace. Married in 935: Luitgard de Lorraine,, daughter of Wigeric, Pfalzgrave d'Aachen and Kunigonde de France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 18 Dec 972 Gary Murray's sources indicate Eberhard died 8 December 966. Michael Welch's sources indicate Eberhard IV died 14 December 972/973 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). 505. Luitgard9 de Lorraine (Stuart, Page 115, Line 158-37; Page 150, Line 202-37.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.) (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Alsace. Married Name: de Metz. Born: before 915, daughter of Wigeric, Pfalzgrave d'Aachen and Kunigonde de France. Married before 933: Adalbert, Count de Metz,, son of Matfried, Count de Metz and Lantsind N? (Adalbert was Luitgard's first husband). Married in 935: Éberhard IV, Count d'Alsace,, son of Hughes III, Count d'Alsace and Hildegarde N? (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: in 966.

510. Kuno, Count9 von Ohningen (Stuart, Page 17, Line 29-35.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Born: before 935 Kuno is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Itha was born. Married before 949: Richilde, Princess of Germany,, daughter of Otto de Saxe and N? N? Died: in 1020.

511. Richilde, Princess of9 Germany (Stuart, Page 228, Line 321-34.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 16 May 1998 at 02:55 Hours.). Married Name: von Ohningen. Born Illeg.: before 935 -, daughter of Otto de Saxe and N? N?, - Richilde was a bastard child of Otto I. Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Itha was born. Leana Randall's sources indicate Richilde was the legitimate daughter of Otto I by Sainte Adélaïde de Bourgogne and was born circa 950 in which case she could not have been the mother of Ita and Judith. Married before 949: Kuno, Count von Ohningen.

--- 10th Generation ---

528. Mayeul, Vicomte10 de Narbonne (Stuart, Page 77, Line 101-36.) (Stuart.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34- 37.). AKA: Mayeul, Vicomte de Raimodis (Abbott, Page 212.). AKA: Mayeul de Mâcon (Ibid.). Born: before 833, son of Liévin, Vicomte de Narbonne and N? N?, Mayeul is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Albéric was born. Married before 850: Raymonde=Raimodis N? PaterAlter before 893 Mayeul, Vicomte de Narbonne/Francon II, Vicomte de Narbonne (an unknown value). Died: on 15 Jun 911 at France (Stuart, Page 77.).

529. Raymonde=Raimodis10 N? (Stuart, Page 77, Line 101-36.). Married Name: de Narbonne. Born: before 836 Raymonde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Albéric was born. Married before 850: Mayeul, Vicomte de Narbonne,, son of Liévin, Vicomte de Narbonne and N? N? MaterAlter: before 893 Francon II, Vicomte de Narbonne/Raymonde=Raimodis N? Died: circa 911 According to Royalty for Commoners, Raymonde died before 911. According to the Archives, Raymonde and Mayeul-Maïeul were married circa 850, and they were both cited in a charter which referenced itself to the twelfth year of Rodolfe II, King de la Bourgogne Transjurane who ascended to the throne in 912. The benedictines, authors of "L'Art de vérifier les dates" noted the error made by Guichenon who attributed the date of this charter to the 12th year of Rodolfe I, which would have been 899. However, they themselves erred in applying the year 935, 12th year of Raoul=Rodolfe, King of France. There is no perfect agreement among the synchronies expressed in this charter other than the 12th. year of Rodolfe II. On the other hand, it is certain that Ermengarde, first wife of Comte Letalde no longer existed as of 931 (Stuart.) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Pages 6 - 7 (footnote).).

530. Ranulf, Vicomte10 de Mâcon (Stuart, Page 77, Line 101-35.). AKA: Racoux, Comte de Mâcon (Abbott, Page 212.). Born: before 837. Married before 854: N? N? Died: in 915.

531. N?10 N? Married before 854: Ranulf, Vicomte de Mâcon.

532. Théodoric, Count10 d'Autun (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Théodoric, Count de Chalon. AKA: Théodoric, Count de Mâcon. Born: before 846 at France, son of Thierry I, Count d'Autun and Auda N?, Théodoric is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son, Manasses, was born. Married before 865: N? de Metz,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles.

533. N?10 de Metz (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Autun. Born: before 864, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, She is presumed to have been born before her father was 50 years of age. Married before 865: Théodoric, Count d'Autun,, son of Thierry I, Count d'Autun and Auda N?

536. Regenald10 de Roucy (Stuart, Page 81, Line 108-38.). Born: before 886 Regenald is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Achard was born. Married before 900: N? N? Note - before 960: Regenald was a Viking who established the House of Roucy in Burgundy. Died: on 10 May 967 at France Régenald is buried at the Abbey of Saint-Rémy.

537. N?10 N? Married before 900: Regenald de Roucy.

540. Rainier I, Count10 de Hainaut (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 191.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 207-38.). AKA: Régnier I, Dux de Lotharingie. AKA: Reginar, Graff im Hennegau. AKA: Ragnar I, Duke de Lorraine. Also Known As: Rainier "Au Long Col" (Abbott, Page 558.). Born: before 860 at Belgium, son of Gilbert II, Count de Lotharingie and Ermengarde, Duchesse de Lorraine, Rainier I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when he married Hersente. Married before 875: Hersente, Princesse de France,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans (Hersente was Rainier I's first wife). Married in 876: Albérade, Duchesse de Lorraine (Albérade was Rainier I's second wife). Died: between 0915 and 0916 at Meerssen, Palatine, Limburg, Belgium, Rainier I was alive in the year 876.

541. Albérade, Duchesse10 de Lorraine (Stuart, Page 153, Line 207-38.). Married Name: de Hainaut. AKA: Albrada de Mons. Born: before 866 at France Albérade is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Rainier I. Married in 876: Rainier I, Count de Hainaut,, son of Gilbert II, Count de Lotharingie and Ermengarde, Duchesse de Lorraine (Albérade was Rainier I's second wife). Died: after 916 Albérade was a widow in the year 916. 542. Henri I, Duke10 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 113.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-36.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407.). AKA: Henry I, King of Germany. AKA: Henry I, Emperor of the West. AKA: Henri "l'Oiseleur." Born: in 876 at Saxe, Germany, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière. Married in 909 at Germany: Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim,, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Note - between 0919 and 0936: Henri I became King of Germany upon the death of Conrad I de Saxe in 919. He was King of Germany: 919-936, and founded the Saxon dynasty. King Conrad I designated Henri as his successor in 918 because Henri, as Duke of Saxony, was the only prince strong enough to give order to the East Frankish territories (Germany). Elected King by the Saxons and the Franconians, he quickly forced the duchies of Bavaria and Swabia to acknowledge him. In 925, he seized Lotharingie from the West Franks (France), and won the submission of Bohemia. He defeated the Magyar (933 at Riade), the Slavs and the Danes (934). Married before 936: Hatheburg N? Died: on 2 Jul 936 at Memleben, Saxe, Germany.

543. Mathilde, Countess10 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-36.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 894 at Memleben, Westphalia, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine. Married in 909 at Germany: Henri I, Duke de Saxe,, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 14 Mar 968 at Quedlinburg, Germany.

Anjou-Ancient

544. Ingelger, Count10 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales."). AKA: Ingelger, Vicomte d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.). AKA: Ingelger, Prefet de Tours (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Born: in 845 at Anjou, France, son of Tertulle d'Auxerre and Pétronille de Bourgogne, Ingelger was a lieutenant of King Robert de France. Married before 869 at France: Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur-Indre,, daughter of Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre and N? d'Amboise. Note - before 888: cites in part the work of Elizabeth Hallam's "The Plantagenet Chronicles" [ISBN: 1-55584-018-3] for alleging the House of Anjou as "a House of Devils" -- 'From the Devil they came, and to the Devil they will return'. This saying about the Counts of Anjou by Gérald of Wales, refers to the legend that the Angevin Counts and kings were descended from the daughter of Satan. In Gerald's story, an early count of Anjou returned from a journey with a woman, Melusine, famous for her beauty, whom he married. There were many strange things about her, the most shocking of which was that she was always absent from Mass at the consecration of the Host. Her true identity was discovered when her husband forced her to stay and see the body of Christ -- a sight no evil spirit could contemplate. Melusine flew screaming out of the window and was never seen again. She left behind two sons, from whom the later counts were descended. Other, more complimentary legends were chronicled in the 12th. Century by the family's official historian, Thomas des Loches (ca. 1130) and Jean de Marmoutier (ca. 1164 - 1173), and usually tell of soldierly prowess -- for instance how Comte Geoffroy "Grisgonel" (ca. 960 - 987), single-handedly fought and killed a giant, Ethelulf. An earlier historian of the House of Anjou, Comte Foulques Réchin (1068 - 1109), admitted that he knew nothing of the first three of his line, Ingelger=engeuger, who is said to have been granted the title of Comte d'Anjou in the late 9th. Century, his son Foulques "Le Roux", and Foulques "Le Bon" who ruled from 941 to 960. Died: in 888 at Église de Saint-Martin, Châteauneuf, Ingelger is buried at the Church of St. Martin in Châteauneuf.

545. Adelinde=Adèle10 de Châtillon-sur-Indre (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). AKA: Adèle de Busançais. AKA: Adélaïs d'Amboise. Married Name: d'Anjou. AKA: Adèle, Dame de Busançois (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 844 at Châtillon-sur-Indre, Berry, France, daughter of Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre and N? d'Amboise. Married before 869 at France: Ingelger, Count d'Anjou,, son of Tertulle d'Auxerre and Pétronille de Bourgogne.

546. Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur10 de Loches (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224, 225.). AKA: Garnier, Seigneur de La Haye. AKA: Werner, Seigneur de Villandry. AKA: Garnier, Seigneur de Villentrois (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Born: circa 855 at Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, son of Adalard, Seigneur de Loches and N? N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.). Married before 873 at France: Toscanda N? Died: before 929 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.).

547. Toscanda10 N? (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.). Married Name: de Loches. Born: before 859 Toscanda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Roscille was born. Married before 873 at France: Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches,, son of Adalard, Seigneur de Loches and N? N?

548. Albéric, Dux10 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-37.). AKA: Aubri, Vicomte d'Orléans. Born: between 0855 and 0860 at France, son of Geoffrey? d'Orléans and N? N?, Albéric witnessed the Charter of Odon, Abbot of Saint Martin in the year 886 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). Married before 886: N? N? Died: after 886 (Stuart.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 241.).

549. N?10 N? Married before 886: Albéric, Dux d'Orléans,, son of Geoffrey? d'Orléans and N? N?

550. Hector10 d'Arverne. Born: before 850. Married before 870: Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine,, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon.

551. Hava, Abbess10 d'Aquitaine. Married Name: d'Arverne. AKA: Aba de Gothie (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Born: circa 865, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon (Ibid.). Married before 870: Hector d'Arverne. AKA: Aba, Abbess de Sauxillanges (Ibid.). Died: circa 913.

552. Herbert I, Lord10 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Herbert I, Count de Vermandois. AKA: Herbert I, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert I, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Herbert I, Lord de Saint-Quentin. Born: circa 840 at Péronne, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?, Péronne was taken by Wellington in 1815 and by the Germans in January, 1871. It was occupied again by them from 24 September 1914 to 8 September 1918. Married before 880 at France: Béatrice de Morvois,, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Died: either 0890 or 0902 Herbert I was murdered [some sources say in 890, others claim it was in 902].

553. Béatrice10 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-37.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Péronne. Born: circa 862, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Married before 880 at France: Herbert I, Lord de Péronne,, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?

Robert I, King of the Francs.

554. Robert I, King10 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Tome 1, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407 - 424.). AKA: Robert, King de Neustrie. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Paris. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Poitiers. AKA: Robert I, Marquis d'Orléans. Born: circa 865 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours, Robert was alive in the year 865. Married before 887: Adèle=Aénis N? Married in 890: Béatrice de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois (Béatrice was Robert's second wife). Note - between 0910 and 0923 at France: In 903, The Normands burned the famous Abbey de Saint-Martin in Tours. In 910, Rollon, the Dane Hrolf, attacks Paris but is pushed back by Robert and his forces. In 911, Rollon lays siege to Chartres, and the city is rescued by Robert with the help of the Bishop Gouteaume, who parades before the troops bearing the cloak of the Virgin Marry. The next day, Rollon is pushed back having lost 7,000 of his men. In 922, Robert plots against the King, Charles "Le Simple", and succeeds in rallying around him a number of malcontents. On 29 June 922, Robert is elected King by a faction of the Greats (assembly of nobles). Near Soissons, on 14 June 923, the two Kings fight and Robert is killed. Robert was King of Neustrie and the West Franks from 922 to 923. Died: on 14 Jun 923 at near Soissons, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France, Robert died at the Battle of Soissons while fighting against the troops of his foe King Charles "Le Simple" and his troops of Lorraine. His successor was an in- law, Raoul, Duke de Bourgogne, Abbé de Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre.

555. Adèle=Aénis10 N? (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-37.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 872 Adèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Hildebrante was born. Married before 887: Robert I, King de France,, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: before 890.

556. Manasses, Comte10 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Manasses, Count d'Autun. Born: before 866 at France, son of Théodoric, Count d'Autun and N? de Metz, Manasses is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Gilbert was born. Married before 883: Ermengarde N?

557. Ermengarde10 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 869 at France Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter, Ermengarde was born. Married before 883: Manasses, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Théodoric, Count d'Autun and N? de Metz. Died: on 12 Apr 935.

558. Richard, Comte10 d'Autun (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-38.). AKA: Richard, Count de Sens. AKA: Richard, Duke de Bourgogne (Abbott, Page 198.). Also Known As: Richard "Le Justicière." Born: before 864, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, Richard is presumed to have been born before his father was 50 years of age. Married before 888: Adélaïde d'Auxerre,, daughter of Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre and Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Died: on 1 Sep 921 at Flandre-Occidentale, Belgium.

559. Adélaïde10 d'Auxerre (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 215, Line 300-38.). Married Name: d'Autun. AKA: Adélaïde de Bourgogne. Born: before 871 at France, daughter of Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre and Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Married before 888: Richard, Comte d'Autun,, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles. Died: circa 929.

580. Raoul, Comte10 de Combray (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 19:59 Hours.). AKA: Raoul de Cambrai. Born: circa 866. Married before 885: N? de Hainaut. Died: on 17 Jun 896 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] E-mailed on 16 April 1996 at 01:34 Hours.).

581. N?10 de Hainaut (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Thomas McPartlin [Prodigy ID# RRYW67A] under Subject "Vermandois", 11 April 1996 at 19:59 Hours.). Married Name: de Combray. Born: circa 865 at Belgium. Married before 885: Raoul, Comte de Combray.

582. Ralph10 de Flandre (Encyclopedia.) (Stuart, Page 273, Line 400-37.). AKA: Rudolph, Count de Cambrai (Ibid.). Born: in 865, son of Baudouin I, Count de Flandre and Judith, Princess de France. Married before 896: N? N? Died: on 17 Jun 896.

583. N?10 N? Married before 896: Ralph de Flandre,, son of Baudouin I, Count de Flandre and Judith, Princess de France.

608. Rollon=Rolf, Duke10 de Normandie (André Roux: Scrolls, 149.) (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-35.) (Rosamond, Page 237.) (Stuart.). AKA: Robert, Duke de Normandie. Also Known As: Rolf "The Ganger." AKA: Rollon, Count de Rouen. Born: circa 870 at Maer, Norway, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter. Note - between 0877 and 0918 at Normandie, France: Rollon=Rollo=Ranger Rolf was the first Duke of Normandy. The Territory of Normandie given to Rollon by King Charles III "Le Simple" in 911. Up to that time Normandie was part of the ancient territory of Neustrie. He took Rouen in 877, and was made a Count in 911. He is believed to have been a Norwegian or a Dane. In 910, he attacked Paris but was pushed back. In 911, he laid siege to Chartres, but Robert, Comte de Paris and the Bishop Gouteaume were able to defend the city. Rollon loses 7,000 men and retreats to Normandie. Rollon received baptism from Francon, Archbishop of Rouen and the Frankish name Robert in 912. Robert, Comte de Paris is his Godfather. The charter of Charles "Le Simple" dated 14 March 918 assigns land to St. Germain-des-Prés from the Pagus of Mersean, except that territory within the pagus already ceded to the Northmen of the Seine, namely Rollo. Married before 889: N? N? (She was Rollon's first wife). Married in 891: Popa de Bayeux,, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes (Popa was Rollon's second wife). Married in 912: Gisèle, Princesse de France,, daughter of Charles III, King de France and Frédérune de Lotharingie (Gisèle was Rollon's third wife). Married either 0912 or 0918: Popa de Bayeux,, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes (Rollon married Popa for the second time in 912 or 918, after having repudiated her from his first marriage). Died: in 931 at Neustrie Rollon is buried in Rouen (Abbott, Page 219.).

609. Popa10 de Bayeux (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). AKA: Popa, Duchess of Norway. Married Name: de Normandie. Born: circa 872 at Bayeux, Neustrie, daughter of Bérenger, Count de Bayeux and N? de Rennes. Married in 891: Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter (Popa was Rollon's second wife). Married either 0912 or 0918: Rollon=Rolf, Duke de Normandie,, son of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter (Rollon married Popa for the second time in 912 or 918, after having repudiated her from his first marriage).

610. Hubert, Comte10 de Senlis (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., David Dowell posting on the Genealogy BB of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service under Subject "Antrobus" on 7 January 1996 at 22:23 Hours.). Born: circa 852 at France. Married before 910: N? N?

611. N?10 N? Married before 910: Hubert, Comte de Senlis.

624. Wilfred I, Count10 d'Urgel (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-37; Page 243, Line 347-38. ) (André Roux: Scrolls, 86.). AKA: Wilfred I, Count de Osona. AKA: Wilfred I, Count de Besalu. AKA: Wilfred I, Count de Barcelone. Also Known As: Wilfred "Le Velu." AKA: Guifred, Count de Cerdagne (Abbott, Page 480.). AKA: Guifred I, Marquis de La Marche d'Espagne (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: before 843 at France, son of Sunier=Sunifred, Count d'Urgel and Ermessende de Carcassonne. Married in 877: Gunidilde=Winilde de Flandre,, daughter of Baudouin I, Count de Flandre and Judith, Princess de France. Died: circa 23 Aug 897.

625. Gunidilde=Winilde10 de Flandre (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-37; Page 243, Line 347-38. ). Married Name: d'Urgel. Born: in 862, daughter of Baudouin I, Count de Flandre and Judith, Princess de France, Guinidilde is presumed to have been at least 13 years of age when her son, Wilfred II Borel, was born. Married in 877: Wilfred I, Count d'Urgel,, son of Sunier=Sunifred, Count d'Urgel and Ermessende de Carcassonne.

626. Ermengaud, Count10 de Rouergue (André Roux: Scrolls, 136, 246.) (Abbott, Page 332.). AKA: Armengol de Toulouse (Paul Theroff, posts, 17 July 1994 at 19:02 Hours.). AKA: Ermengaud, Comte de Quercy (Abbott, Page 331.). AKA: Ermengaud, Comte de Gévaudan The County of Gévaudan comprised a considerable area of desolate country. One of the first counts of Javols was Palladius. Around 583, the County appears to have been held by Innocent, Bishop de Rodez. In 902, King Raoul invested Ermengaud de Rouergue. There was a competitor in the person of Acfred d'Aquitaine who in 918 called himself Count. Before his death, Ermengaud had assured himself of the County (Abbott, Page 384.). Born: before 895 at Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Languedoc, France, son of Odon=Eudes, Count de Toulouse and Garsinde, Comtesse d'Albi, Ermengaud became Count in 919 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 910 at France: Adélaïs=Alaïs de Toulouse. Died: circa 932 at Rouergue, , France.

627. Adélaïs=Alaïs10 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 136, 246.). Married Name: de Rouergue. Born: before 895 Adélaïs is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 910 at France: Ermengaud, Count de Rouergue,, son of Odon=Eudes, Count de Toulouse and Garsinde, Comtesse d'Albi.

628. Raimond II, Count10 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 85.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 2 May 1994 at 14:37 Hours.). Born: between 0868 and 0880 at Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Languedoc, France, son of Odon=Eudes, Count de Toulouse and Garsinde, Comtesse d'Albi, Raimond II is presumed to have been at least 20 years old by the time his son Raymond, was born. Married before 899: Gunhilde d'Urgel,, daughter of Bencion, Comte des Ampurias and Guindaille=Guinidilda de Roussillon. Note - between 0918 and 0923: Count of Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Languedoc, France: 918 - 923. Died: in 923 (Abbott, Page 371.).

629. Gunhilde10 d'Urgel (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-34. ) (Paul Theroff, posts, 2 May 1994 at 14:37 Hours.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.) (Ibid.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Born: between 0880 and 0897, daughter of Bencion, Comte des Ampurias and Guindaille=Guinidilda de Roussillon, According to E.S. [via Paul Theroff], Gunhilde's parentage is not proven. Married before 899: Raimond II, Count de Toulouse,, son of Odon=Eudes, Count de Toulouse and Garsinde, Comtesse d'Albi. Died: after 923.

630. Garcia Sanchez, Count10 de Gascogne (Stuart, Page 208, Line 289-38.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.) (Ibid.). AKA: Garcia "Le Courbé" (Ibid.). Born: before 850 at Spain, son of Sanche III, Duke de Gascogne and Quisilo de Bueil, Garcia Sanchez is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Acibella was born. He was Duke from 893 to 920 (Ibid.). Married before 865: Aminiana de Périgord.

631. Aminiana10 de Périgord (Stuart, Page 208, Line 289-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, Posting in Subject "Spain & Portugal" on 5 March 1994 at 03:30 Hours.). Married Name: de Gascogne. Born: before 850 Aminiana is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Acibella was born. Married before 865: Garcia Sanchez, Count de Gascogne,, son of Sanche III, Duke de Gascogne and Quisilo de Bueil.

632. Aznar, Count10 de Consérans (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-36.). AKA: Aznar III, Comte de Comminges (Abbott, Page 347.). Born: before 890, son of Loup Aznar, Comte de Comminges and N? N?, Aznar is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son Arnold I was born. Married before 909: N? N? Died: after 944 Aznar III abdicated in 944 (Ibid.).

633. N?10 N? Married Name: de Consérans. Married before 909: Aznar, Count de Consérans,, son of Loup Aznar, Comte de Comminges and N? N?

634. Acfred I, Duke10 d'Aquitaine (Paul Theroff, posts.) (Richard, Histoire des Comtes de, 94, Page 95.). AKA: Acfred, Count d'Auvergne (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Acfred II, Count de Carcassonne. Born: before 905 at France, son of Acfred I, Count de Bourges and Adélinde d'Auvergne. Married before 926: N? N? Note - on 2 Oct 927: "Acfred dux Aquitanorum" donated property "pro anima genitore meo Acfredo et genitrice mea Adalindis…et avunculis meis Wilelmo et Guarino et fratribus meis Bernardo et Guilelmo" to Cluny by charter dated 2 Oct 927 (A. & Bruel, A. (Eds) Bernard, Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny in no series (Paris: n.pub., 1876-1903), Tome I, 286, Page 282.). Died: in 928 at France (Abbott, Page 302.).

635. N?10 N? Married before 926: Acfred I, Duke d'Aquitaine,, son of Acfred I, Count de Bourges and Adélinde d'Auvergne.

656. Hughes I, Count10 du Maine (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-35.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Pages 193 - 194.) (Ibid.). AKA: Hughes I, Vicomte du Maine. Born: circa 887 at Maine, France, son of Roger, Count du Maine and Rothilde de Neustrie, Hughes I was alive in the year 900 and succeeded his father at that time according to a charter from King Charles "Le Simple", who was the immediate overlord of the Comte du Maine. In 924, the overlordship was granted to Hugh The Great by King Ralph (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Pages 191, 193 - 194.). Married before 905: N? du Maine. Note - between 0930 and 0938: In 930 and in 931, Hughes I subscribed charters of Hughes The Great of Paris together with Fulk of Anjou and Theobald of Blois. In 938, he briefly acted as Comte de Poitou to serve the political ends of Hugh The Great (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 194.). Died: in 939.

657. N?10 du Maine (Ibid.). Born: circa 895. Married before 905: Hughes I, Count du Maine,, son of Roger, Count du Maine and Rothilde de Neustrie.

672. Alberto=Azzo, Count10 de Lucca (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-35.). Born: before 940 at Italy, son of Adalbert III, Margrave de Toscane and N? N?, Alberto was made Marquis (Marchese) in the year 960 by Bérenger. He is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Humbert was born. Married before 955: Guilla de Spoleto,, daughter of Bonifacio I, Duke de Spoleto and N? N? Died: circa 975.

673. Guilla10 de Spoleto (Ibid.). Married Name: de Lucca. Born: before 928 at Spoleto, Italy, daughter of Bonifacio I, Duke de Spoleto and N? N? Married before 955: Alberto=Azzo, Count de Lucca,, son of Adalbert III, Margrave de Toscane and N? N?

674. Wiprand, Count10 de Como (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-34.). Born: before 940 at Italy, son of Olderado, Count de Como and Railinda de Verticilio, Wiprand is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Railinda was born. Married before 955: N? N? Died: in 999.

675. N?10 N? Married before 955: Wiprand, Count de Como,, son of Olderado, Count de Como and Railinda de Verticilio.

680. Hughes II, Count10 du Maine (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-34.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 191.). Born: circa 906 at Maine, France, son of Hughes I, Count du Maine and N? du Maine, Hughes II was alive in the year 939. Married before 920: N? de Vermandois. Note - in 967: Hughes Capet and Hughes II subscribed to a sale by Gérard de Buzençais to the monks of Saint-Julien de Tours of an allod at Tais 9in Chemillé, Indre- et-Loire), in 967. This is the last known attestation of Hugh II for the Dux Francorum Hugh Capet, though Hugh II continued to work with Geoffroi d'Anjou and Thibaud de Blois until around 976, at which the the relationship between Anjou and Blois broke down irretrievably (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 197.). Died: circa 992.

681. N?10 de Vermandois. Born: circa 905. Married before 920: Hughes II, Count du Maine,, son of Hughes I, Count du Maine and N? du Maine. Married Name: du Maine. 716. Guillaume, Count10 de Montreuil (André Roux: Scrolls, 54.). AKA: Guillaume I, Count de Ponthieu Guillaume was Comte de Ponthieu in 957 (Abbott, Page 126.). Born: before 931 at France, son of Herlouin, Count de Montreuil and N? N? Married before 940: Maud N? Died: after 965 at France. Died: between 1004 and 1006.

717. Maud10 N? (Stuart, Page 178, Line 242-38.). Married Name: de Montreuil. Married Name: de Ponthieu. Born: before 926 Maud is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Hidouin was born. Married before 940: Guillaume, Count de Montreuil,, son of Herlouin, Count de Montreuil and N? N?

718. Herbert II, Count10 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-36.). AKA: Herbert II, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert II de Coucy Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique formed part of the patrimony of the Abbey de Saint Rémi, itself annexed to the episcopal domain. After securing Vitry, Herbert II, Master of the Rémois, gave Coucy to the Châtelain de Vitry in order to reward him for his treachery towards Boson. Thibaut "Le Tricheur", Herbert II's son-in-law, claimed Coucy as against Rheims, and held the place from 956 to 958 (Abbott, Page 36.). AKA: Herbert, Comte de Madrie Herbert held Madrie in 918. The county was dismembered in 934 following the creation of Normandie (Abbott, Page 236.). AKA: Herbert II, Count de Troyes. AKA: Herbert II, Count de Meaux. Born: circa 884, son of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois, The birth year is somewhat questionable and ranges from 884 to 893 depending on the source. Married before 907: Hildebrante de Neustrie,, daughter of Robert I, King de France and Adèle=Aénis N? (Herbert II was Hildebrante's second husband and she was his first wife. The marriage brought to Herbert II the County of Meaux, Multien and the Omois) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Died: on 23 Feb 943 at Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Picardie, France.

719. Hildebrante10 de Neustrie (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 112.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-36. ). AKA: Adèle, Princess de France. Married Name: Liégarde de Vermandois. Married Name: de Blois. Born: circa 887, daughter of Robert I, King de France and Adèle=Aénis N? Married before 907: Herbert II, Count de Vermandois,, son of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois (Herbert II was Hildebrante's second husband and she was his first wife. The marriage brought to Herbert II the County of Meaux, Multien and the Omois) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Married in 942: Thibaut, Count de Blois,, son of Thibaud, Vicomte de Troyes and Richilde de Bourges (Thibaut II was Hildebrante's second husband). Died: circa 945.

768. Rognvald10 Eysteinsson (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Rognvald, Jarl of More. Also Known As: Rognvald "the Wise." Also Known As: Rognvald "The Mighty." Born: circa 830 at Maer, Norway, son of Eystein Ivarsson and Aseda Rognvaldotter. Married before 866: Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter,, daughter of Hrolf Nefja and N? N? Married before 870: Ermina N? Note - before 890: Rognvald was the Jarl of More or Maer, a Norwegian Viking. Died: circa 890 at Maer, Norway, Rognvald was burned to death in his house by Halfdan Haaleg and Gudrod Ljome.

769. Rognhild=Hildir10 Hrolfsdotter (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Married Name: Eysteinsson. Born: circa 848 at Norway, daughter of Hrolf Nefja and N? N? Married before 866: Rognvald Eysteinsson,, son of Eystein Ivarsson and Aseda Rognvaldotter.

770. Bérenger, Count10 de Bayeux (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). AKA: Bérenger, Count de Rennes The Comte Bérenger submitted to his Uncle, the Comte de Nantes who became the Duke Alain "Le Grand". But following the death of Alain, Thibaut "Le Tricheur", guardian of his son, sold the suzerainty of the Comté de Rennes to the Count Juhel Bérenger (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, Bérenger is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: N? de Rennes,, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne. Note - between 0887 and 0890: Bérenger was Count de Rennes from 887-890. He defeated the Norsemen at Coesnon in 890. PaterAlter before 903 Bérenger, Count de Bayeux/Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes (an unknown value). Died: circa 930 (Ibid.).

771. N?10 de Rennes (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.). Married Name: de Bayeux. AKA: N? de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: Bérenger, Count de Bayeux,, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? MaterAlter: before 903 Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes/N? de Rennes.

784. Alain I, King10 de Rennes (Stuart, Page 237, Line 334-38.). AKA: Alain I, Count de Nantes. AKA: Alain I, Count de Vannes. AKA: Alain, King de Bretagne. Also Known As: Alain "Le Grand." Born: before 865 at Bretagne, France, son of Ridoredh, Count de Nantes and N? N?, Alain I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Paskwitan II was born. Alain I was a bastard child (having been born from a concubine), was first Duke then King of Brittany. Married before 879: Oréguen N? Died: in 907.

785. Oréguen10 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 865 at France Oréguen is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Paskwitan II was born. Married before 879: Alain I, King de Rennes,, son of Ridoredh, Count de Nantes and N? N?

786. Bérenger, Count10 de Bayeux (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). AKA: Bérenger, Count de Rennes The Comte Bérenger submitted to his Uncle, the Comte de Nantes who became the Duke Alain "Le Grand". But following the death of Alain, Thibaut "Le Tricheur", guardian of his son, sold the suzerainty of the Comté de Rennes to the Count Juhel Bérenger (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, Bérenger is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: N? de Rennes,, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne. Note - between 0887 and 0890: Bérenger was Count de Rennes from 887-890. He defeated the Norsemen at Coesnon in 890. PaterAlter before 903 Bérenger, Count de Bayeux/Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes (an unknown value). Died: circa 930 (Ibid.).

787. N?10 de Rennes (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.). Married Name: de Bayeux. AKA: N? de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: Bérenger, Count de Bayeux,, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? MaterAlter: before 903 Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes/N? de Rennes. 792. Fouques I, Count10 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.). Also Known As: Fouques "Le Roux" (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Born: either 0870 or 0888 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Ingelger, Count d'Anjou and Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon- sur-Indre. AKA: Fulk I, Vicomte d'Angers. Married in 905 at France: Roscille de Loches,, daughter of Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches and Toscanda N? AKA: Foulques I, Comte de Nantes (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). AKA: Foulques I, Vicomte d'Anjou (Ibid.). Occupation: in 929 Fouques I was also the Vicomte d'Angers and the first bonafide Count d'Anjou in the year 929 (Abbott, Page 143.). AKA: Fulco, Comte d'Angers Self-proclaimed Comte d'Anjou, the titular Comte d'Anjou at that time was Hughes I "Le Grand", Duc de France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Died: in 938.

793. Roscille10 de Loches (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.). Married Name: d'Anjou. AKA: Roseille, Dame de Villenstras (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Roseille, Dame de La Haye (Ibid.). Born: in 874 at Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches and Toscanda N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 905 at France: Fouques I, Count d'Anjou,, son of Ingelger, Count d'Anjou and Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur-Indre. Died: after 929 (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 265.).

794. Gausfred I, Vicomte10 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-36.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 232, 233, 244.) (Stuart.). AKA: Geoffrey I, Comte de Gâtinais (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.). Born: circa 890 at France, son of Albéric, Dux d'Orléans and N? N?, Geoffroy witnessed the charter of Hugh The Great of France in 939 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). Married before 911: Aba, Dame d'Arverne,, daughter of Hector d'Arverne and Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine. AKA: Gausfred, Comte de Nevers (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). AKA: Geoffrey, Count de Gâtinais The Pays of Gâtinais formed part of Bourgogne and later Neustrie. The County was formed in 933 and was in the hands of Geoffrey (Abbott, Page 39.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 241.). Died: after 942 at France Geoffroy=Gausfred is cited in charters in 935 and 941 and was alive in the year 942. Geoffroy was the first documented Comte du Gâtinais. The Gâtinais formed a Carolingian Pagus. Later, the pays was divided between two governments, the Ile de France and the Orléanais. Abbott claims Geoffroy's daugher married Ingelger, founder of the House of Anjou, but too many sources disagree (Abbott, Page 103.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 233.).

795. Aba, Dame10 d'Arverne (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 892, daughter of Hector d'Arverne and Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine. Married before 911: Gausfred I, Vicomte d'Orléans,, son of Albéric, Dux d'Orléans and N? N?

832. Baudouin II, Count10 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 117.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 141-37.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Le Chauve" (Abbott, Page 292.). Born: either 0863 or 0865 at Belgium, son of Baudouin I, Count de Flandre and Judith, Princess de France, Some sources indicate this Baudouin was born in the year 865 while others assert Baudouin II was born in 863. Note - in 879: Baudouin II also was a Marquis of Flanders. Married in 884: Elstrude, Princess of England,, daughter of Elfred, King of Wessex and Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia. Died: on 2 Jan 918 (von Redlich, Page 235.).

833. Elstrude, Princess of10 England (André Roux: Scrolls, 118.) (Stuart, Page 102, Line 141-37.). AKA: Aelfthryth of Wessex. Born: circa 877 at Wessex, England, daughter of Elfred, King of Wessex and Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia. Married in 884: Baudouin II, Count de Flandre,, son of Baudouin I, Count de Flandre and Judith, Princess de France. Died: on 7 Jun 929 at Wessex, England.

834. Herbert II, Count10 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-36.). AKA: Herbert II, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert II de Coucy Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique formed part of the patrimony of the Abbey de Saint Rémi, itself annexed to the episcopal domain. After securing Vitry, Herbert II, Master of the Rémois, gave Coucy to the Châtelain de Vitry in order to reward him for his treachery towards Boson. Thibaut "Le Tricheur", Herbert II's son-in-law, claimed Coucy as against Rheims, and held the place from 956 to 958 (Abbott, Page 36.). AKA: Herbert, Comte de Madrie Herbert held Madrie in 918. The county was dismembered in 934 following the creation of Normandie (Abbott, Page 236.). AKA: Herbert II, Count de Troyes. AKA: Herbert II, Count de Meaux. Born: circa 884, son of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois, The birth year is somewhat questionable and ranges from 884 to 893 depending on the source. Married before 907: Hildebrante de Neustrie,, daughter of Robert I, King de France and Adèle=Aénis N? (Herbert II was Hildebrante's second husband and she was his first wife. The marriage brought to Herbert II the County of Meaux, Multien and the Omois) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Died: on 23 Feb 943 at Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Picardie, France.

835. Hildebrante10 de Neustrie (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 112.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-36. ). AKA: Adèle, Princess de France. Married Name: Liégarde de Vermandois. Married Name: de Blois. Born: circa 887, daughter of Robert I, King de France and Adèle=Aénis N? Married before 907: Herbert II, Count de Vermandois,, son of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois (Herbert II was Hildebrante's second husband and she was his first wife. The marriage brought to Herbert II the County of Meaux, Multien and the Omois) (Abbott, Pages 60.). Married in 942: Thibaut, Count de Blois,, son of Thibaud, Vicomte de Troyes and Richilde de Bourges (Thibaut II was Hildebrante's second husband). Died: circa 945.

836. Billung, Count10 de Saxe (Stuart, Page 222, Line 312-37.). Born: before 890 Billung is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Hermann was born. Married before 905: Fréderunda N? Died: on 26 Mar 967.

837. Fréderunda10 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: before 890 Fréderunda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Hermann was born. Married before 905: Billung, Count de Saxe. Died: after 905. 840. Anchier II, Count10 d'Orcheret (Stuart, Page 235, Line 332-38.). AKA: Anscar II, Marquis d'Ivrée. Note -: Anchier=Anscar II was the Marquis of Ivrea, went to Italy with Gui of Spoleto Against Bérenger I. Born: before 865 at France, son of Amadeus, Count de Bourgogne and N? N?, Anchier II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Adelbert I was born. Married before 880 at Italy: Gisèle N? Died: circa 895 (Stuart, Page 235. ).

841. Gisèle10 N? (Stuart, Page 235, Line 332-38.). Married Name: d'Orcheret. Born: before 865 at France Gisèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Adelbert I was born. Married before 880 at Italy: Anchier II, Count d'Orcheret,, son of Amadeus, Count de Bourgogne and N? N?

842. Bérenger=Berengar I, King of10 Italy (Encyclopedia.). AKA: Bérenger I, Marquis de Friuli. AKA: Bérenger I, Emperor of the West. Born: in 840, son of Éberhard, Marquis de Friuli and Gisèle=Gisela de Bavière. Married circa 879 at Perugia, Italy: Bertila de Spoleto,, daughter of Suppo II, Margrave de Spolète and N? N? Occupation: between 0888 and 0924 Bérenger I was the King of Italy from 888 to 924 A.D. He was Emperor of the West, December, 915 - 924 and he was also the Marquis of Friuli. Married before Dec 915: Anna N? (Anna was Bérenger I's second wife). Died: on 7 Apr 924 at Vérone, Italy, Bérenger was assassinated in Verona, Italy.

843. Bertila10 de Spoleto (Stuart, Page 197, Line 269-38.). Married Name: Italy. Born: before 865, daughter of Suppo II, Margrave de Spolète and N? N?, Bertilda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Gisèle was born. Married circa 879 at Perugia, Italy: Bérenger=Berengar I, King of Italy,, son of Éberhard, Marquis de Friuli and Gisèle=Gisela de Bavière. Died: after 915 at Italy (Stuart, Page 197.).

844. Thibaud, Count10 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 214.) (Stuart, Page 133, Line 174-38.). AKA: Thibaud, Count de Provence. AKA: Thibaud, Count d'Arles. AKA: Theobald, Count de Vienne. Born: before 864, son of Hubert=Herbert, Duke de Bourgogne and N? N? Married circa 879: Berthe, Princess de Lorraine,, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Died: in 890.

845. Berthe, Princess10 de Lorraine (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-38.) (Abbott, Page 499.). Married Name: de Toscane. Born: in 863 at France, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Married circa 879: Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne,, son of Hubert=Herbert, Duke de Bourgogne and N? N? Married between 0896 and 0898: Adalbert II, Margrave de Toscane,, son of Adalbert I, Count de Lucca and Rohaut=Rothieda de Spoleto. Died: on 8 Mar 925 at bur Lucca.

846. Rudolphe I, King10 de Bourgogne (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-36.) (Abbott, Page 500.). Born: in 872, son of Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre and Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Note - between 0880 and 0911: Rodolphe I was King of the Transjurane Burgundy from the year 880 (8 years old) to 911. Married in 888: Willa de Vienne,, daughter of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy. Died: on 25 Oct 911.

847. Willa10 de Vienne (Stuart, Page 241, Line 343-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:51 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Married Name: de Lombardie. Born: before 880, daughter of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy, Willa is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Rodolphe II was born. Married in 888: Rudolphe I, King de Bourgogne,, son of Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre and Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Married in 912: Hughes, King de Lombardie,, son of Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine (Willa was Hughes' first wife). Died: on 14 Jun 929.

848. Rainier, Count10 de Verdun. Born: before 885 Rainier is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Richwin, was born. Married before 902: N? N?

849. N?10 N? Married before 902: Rainier, Count de Verdun.

850. N?10 N? Married before 890: Ermentrude, Princess de France,, daughter of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris.

851. Ermentrude, Princess10 de France. Born: circa 870, daughter of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris. Married before 890: N? N?

852. Hughes III, Count10 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-38.). Note -: Hughes III was an advocate of Luden. AKA: Hughes III, Count von Hohenburg Hughes was Count in Hohenburg in Alsace in 921 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). AKA: Hughes III, Count von Nordgau Hughes III was Count in the Alsacian Nordgau (Ibid.). Born: before 898, son of Éberhard III, Count d'Alsace and Aelinde N? Married before 918: Hildegarde N? Died: in 940.

853. Hildegarde10 N? (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-38.). Married Name: d'Alsace. Born: before 910 Hildegarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Eberhard IV was born. Married before 918: Hughes III, Count d'Alsace,, son of Éberhard III, Count d'Alsace and Aelinde N?

854. Wigeric, Pfalzgrave10 d'Aachen (Stuart, Page 227, Line 319-37; Page 79, Line 104-37.). AKA: Wigeric, Pfalzgrave de Thier. AKA: Wigeric, Count d'Ardenne. AKA: Wigéric, Count von Triesgau. Born: in 886 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married circa 908: Kunigonde de France,, daughter of N? N? and Ermentrude, Princess de France (Wigeric was Kunigonde's first husband). Died: circa 916 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.).

855. Kunigonde10 de France (Stuart, Page 247, Line 353-37.). Married Name: d'Aachen. Married Name: de Verdun. Born: circa 890, daughter of N? N? and Ermentrude, Princess de France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). Married circa 908: Wigeric, Pfalzgrave d'Aachen (Wigeric was Kunigonde's first husband). Married circa 920: Richwin, Count de Verdun,, son of Rainier, Count de Verdun and N? N? Died: after 923. 856. Gebhard, Count10 de Wetterau (Stuart, Page 245, Line 351-38.). AKA: Gebhard, Count von Rhinegau. AKA: Gerhard, Count de Metzgau (Stuart, Page 79, Line 104-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Lorraine", 10 July 1995 at 13:24 Hours.). AKA: Gebhard, Duke de Lorraine. Born: before 888, son of Gebhard, Count von Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?, Gebhard is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son Eudes was born. Married before 905: Oda de Saxe,, daughter of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière. Married before 907: N? N? Died: on 29 Jun 910 Gebhard was slain in battle.

857. N?10 N? Married before 907: Gebhard, Count de Wetterau,, son of Gebhard, Count von Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?

858. Herbert I, Lord10 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Herbert I, Count de Vermandois. AKA: Herbert I, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert I, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Herbert I, Lord de Saint-Quentin. Born: circa 840 at Péronne, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?, Péronne was taken by Wellington in 1815 and by the Germans in January, 1871. It was occupied again by them from 24 September 1914 to 8 September 1918. Married before 880 at France: Béatrice de Morvois,, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Died: either 0890 or 0902 Herbert I was murdered [some sources say in 890, others claim it was in 902].

859. Béatrice10 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-37.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Péronne. Born: circa 862, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Married before 880 at France: Herbert I, Lord de Péronne,, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?

864. Robert, Count10 de Blois (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-38.). AKA: Rutpert IV, Count de Wormsgau. AKA: Ruppert IV, Marquis d'Anjou. AKA: Robert, Count de Paris. AKA: Robert, Count de Tours. AKA: Robert, Count d'Auxerre. AKA: Robert, Count de Nevers Robert became Comte de Nevers in 864, upon the death of Hughes de Bourges (Abbott, Page 182.). AKA: Robert, Count d'Anjou. Also Known As: Robert "Le Fort." Born: before 834 at Mainz, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Germany, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans. Occupation: between 0836 and 0866 Robert "Le Fort" was Lay Abbot of Tours 836-866. Married before 856: Agane de Laon. Married circa 864: Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). Note - before 865: Robert "Le Fort", who took part in the "Révolte des Grands" against Charles "Le Chauve", fought against the Normands and was mortally wounded by them while pursuing them. Died: on 15 Sep 866 at Brissarthe, Anjou, France, Robert Le Fort was killed by the viking-Normans. Gary Murray's sources indicate this happened 25 July 866 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de La Marche", 30 October 1997 at 16:46 Hours.).

865. Adélaïde=Aélis10 de Tours (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40; Page 126, Line 169-38; Page 164, Line 224-37.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. AKA: Adélaïde d'Alsace. Married Name: de Blois. Born: before 810 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Married before 825: Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married circa 864: Robert, Count de Blois,, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). MaterAlter: before 865 Eudes, King de France/Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: on 15 Sep 866 Adélaïde was killed.

866. Herbert I, Lord10 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Herbert I, Count de Vermandois. AKA: Herbert I, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert I, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Herbert I, Lord de Saint-Quentin. Born: circa 840 at Péronne, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?, Péronne was taken by Wellington in 1815 and by the Germans in January, 1871. It was occupied again by them from 24 September 1914 to 8 September 1918. Married before 880 at France: Béatrice de Morvois,, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Died: either 0890 or 0902 Herbert I was murdered [some sources say in 890, others claim it was in 902].

867. Béatrice10 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-37.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Péronne. Born: circa 862, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Married before 880 at France: Herbert I, Lord de Péronne,, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?

868. Otton, Dux10 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Rosamond.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-37.) (von Redlich, Page 63.). AKA: Otto von Erlauchten. Also Known As: Otton "Le Grand." Born: in 835, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Married in 869: Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière,, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière. AKA: Otton, Count in de Turinge Otton was Count in South Thuringia (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 13 Nov 912. Buried: on 30 Nov 912.

869. Hadwige=Hathui, Princess10 de Bavière (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 May 1994 at 22:25 Hours.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 863, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière, At age 13, Hadwige would be assumed to have her first child, which also assumes her father was 13 when she was born. There are divergent views as to Hedwige's parentage. Weis' "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" [6th. Ed., 1988, Line 141 (42)] shows Arnulf as her father. Other sources [E.S., 1980's Edition, via Paul Theroff] indicate Hadwige's father as Heinrich, Margrave of the Northern Mark. PaterAlter circa 863 Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière/Henri, Duke d'Austrasie (an unknown value). Married in 869: Otton, Dux de Saxe,, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Died: on 24 Dec 903 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.).

870. Théodoric, Count10 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-37.). AKA: Dietrich II, Count de Saxe. Note -: Théodoric was Count of the Saxon Hamalant. Born: before 856, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau, Théodoric is presumed to have been at least 17 years old by the time his daughter,, Amalrada, was born. Married before 870: Reginhilde de Friesland,, daughter of Godefrid, King of Haithabu and Gisela N? Married in 882: Gisèle de Lorraine,, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Died: on 8 Feb 917.

871. Gisèle10 de Lorraine (Ibid.). Married Name: de Ringelheim. Born: between 0863 and 0865, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Married in 882: Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim,, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau. Died: before 26 Oct 907.

872. Ranulf II, Comte10 de Poitou (Stuart, Page 118, Line 163-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 402.). AKA: Ranulf II, Duke d'Aquitaine (Abbott, Page 303.). AKA: Rannoux II d'Auvergne (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Rainulf II, King d'Aquitaine Rainulf II was King d'Aquitaine in the year 888. Born: in 848 at France, son of Ranulf I = Rorgo, Comte de Poitou and Richilde du Maine. AKA: Ramnulf II, lay-priest de Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 872: Ermengarde N? (Ermengarde was a concubine of Ranulf II). Died: on 5 Aug 890 Ranulf was poisoned.

873. Ermengarde10 N? (Stuart, Page 118, Line 163-37.). Married Name: de Poitou. Born: before 857 at France Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Ébalus was born. Married before 872: Ranulf II, Comte de Poitou,, son of Ranulf I = Rorgo, Comte de Poitou and Richilde du Maine (Ermengarde was a concubine of Ranulf II).

876. Rognvald10 Eysteinsson (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Rognvald, Jarl of More. Also Known As: Rognvald "the Wise." Also Known As: Rognvald "The Mighty." Born: circa 830 at Maer, Norway, son of Eystein Ivarsson and Aseda Rognvaldotter. Married before 866: Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter,, daughter of Hrolf Nefja and N? N? Married before 870: Ermina N? Note - before 890: Rognvald was the Jarl of More or Maer, a Norwegian Viking. Died: circa 890 at Maer, Norway, Rognvald was burned to death in his house by Halfdan Haaleg and Gudrod Ljome.

877. Rognhild=Hildir10 Hrolfsdotter (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Married Name: Eysteinsson. Born: circa 848 at Norway, daughter of Hrolf Nefja and N? N? Married before 866: Rognvald Eysteinsson,, son of Eystein Ivarsson and Aseda Rognvaldotter.

878. Bérenger, Count10 de Bayeux (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). AKA: Bérenger, Count de Rennes The Comte Bérenger submitted to his Uncle, the Comte de Nantes who became the Duke Alain "Le Grand". But following the death of Alain, Thibaut "Le Tricheur", guardian of his son, sold the suzerainty of the Comté de Rennes to the Count Juhel Bérenger (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, Bérenger is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: N? de Rennes,, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne. Note - between 0887 and 0890: Bérenger was Count de Rennes from 887-890. He defeated the Norsemen at Coesnon in 890. PaterAlter before 903 Bérenger, Count de Bayeux/Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes (an unknown value). Died: circa 930 (Ibid.).

879. N?10 de Rennes (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.). Married Name: de Bayeux. AKA: N? de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: Bérenger, Count de Bayeux,, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? MaterAlter: before 903 Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes/N? de Rennes.

880. Hugues10 de Provence (André Roux: Scrolls, 114.). Born: before 884 at France, son of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy, Hughes is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Robaud I was born. Married before 899: N? N? Died: after 900 Hughes was alive in the year 900.

881. N?10 N? Married before 899: Hugues de Provence,, son of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy.

882. Guillaume I, Duke10 d'Aquitaine (C. and van Kerrebrouck, P. Settipani, La préhistoire des Capétiens 481-987, 1ère partie, Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens in no series (Nord, France: Villeneuve d'Ascq, 1993), Page 375, Footnote 89.). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Bourges. AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Nevers Guillaume inherited Nevers from his father and was Comte when he died, however, in between times he temporarily lost the County to Rathier (Abbott, Page 182.). Also Known As: Guillaume "Le Pieux" (later known as GUILLAUME I "le Pieux" Duke of Aquitaine) (Abbott, Page 302.). Born: circa 860, son of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: He succeeded his father in 886 as Marquis de Gothie (R. (ed.) de Lespinasse, Cartulaire de Saint-Cyr de Nevers in no series, Vol. 15 (Paris, France: Nevers, 1916), 31, Vol. 15, Page 31.). AKA: Guuillaume I, Marquis de Gothie He succeeded his father in 886 as Marquis de Gothie (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume, Count de Mâcon (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume, Comte (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume II, Comte d'Auvergne "Karolus…imperator Augustus" confirms that "Willelmo comite" replaces "patris sui Bernardi comitis" after the latter was killed, by charter dated 16 Aug 886 (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Limousin (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume, Comte de Berry (Ibid.). Married before 898: Engelberge de Provence,, daughter of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy. Note - in 910 at Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France: Guillaume I founded Cluny in Anno Domini 910. Died: on 6 Jul 918 (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_Toc389204247.). Buried: after 6 Jul 918 at Abbaye de Brioude, Brioude, Haute-Loire, Auvergne, France (Ibid.).

883. Engelberge10 de Provence (Augé.). Married Name: d'Aquitaine. Born: in 877, daughter of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 898: Guillaume I, Duke d'Aquitaine,, son of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon. Died: in 967.

884. Louis III, King of10 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-39.). Also Known As: Louis "l'Aveugle." AKA: Louis, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). AKA: Louis III, Emperor of the West Louis III was emperor 901-905 (Ibid.). Born: in 882, son of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy. Note - between 0890 and 0905: Louis III was elected the King of Provence in 890, and then had himself crowned King of Italy in 900 at Pavie. He received the imperial crown as Emperor of the Occident in Rome in 901. In 903, his rival Bérenger captured him and had his eyes pulled out (hence the name) in 905. Married circa 900: Anna de l'Orient,, daughter of Léo VI, Empereur de l'Orient and Zoe Tzautzina. Married before 19 Jan 914: Adélaïde, Princesse de Bourgogne,, daughter of Rudolphe I, King de Bourgogne and Willa de Vienne (Adélaïde was Louis III's second wife). Died: on 5 Jun 928 at Vienne, Isère, Dauphiné, France.

885. Anna10 de l'Orient (______, Personal Research. References, Encyclopedic Research.) (Stuart, Page 187, Line 253-38.). AKA: Anna de Byzantium (Stuart, Page 14.). Married Name: Italy. Born: before 886, daughter of Léo VI, Empereur de l'Orient and Zoe Tzautzina, Anna is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Charles was born. Married circa 900: Louis III, King of Italy,, son of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy.

886. Garnier=Warinus, Count10 de Troyes (Stuart, Page 132, Line 173-37.) (Stuart, Page 132. ). AKA: Garnier, Vicomte de Sens. Born: circa 868, son of Richard, Vicomte de Troyes and N? N? (Stuart.). Married before 900: Teutberge d'Arles,, daughter of Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine. Died: on 6 Dec 925 at France Garnier was slain in battle with the Normans.

887. Teutberge10 d'Arles (Stuart, Page 133, Line 174-37.). Married Name: de Troyes. Born: before 885 at France, daughter of Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine, Teutberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when her son, Hughes, was born. Married before 900: Garnier=Warinus, Count de Troyes,, son of Richard, Vicomte de Troyes and N? N? Died: before 30 Sep 948.

Anjou-Ancient 888. Ingelger, Count10 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales."). AKA: Ingelger, Vicomte d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.). AKA: Ingelger, Prefet de Tours (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Born: in 845 at Anjou, France, son of Tertulle d'Auxerre and Pétronille de Bourgogne, Ingelger was a lieutenant of King Robert de France. Married before 869 at France: Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur-Indre,, daughter of Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre and N? d'Amboise. Note - before 888: cites in part the work of Elizabeth Hallam's "The Plantagenet Chronicles" [ISBN: 1-55584-018-3] for alleging the House of Anjou as "a House of Devils" -- 'From the Devil they came, and to the Devil they will return'. This saying about the Counts of Anjou by Gérald of Wales, refers to the legend that the Angevin Counts and kings were descended from the daughter of Satan. In Gerald's story, an early count of Anjou returned from a journey with a woman, Melusine, famous for her beauty, whom he married. There were many strange things about her, the most shocking of which was that she was always absent from Mass at the consecration of the Host. Her true identity was discovered when her husband forced her to stay and see the body of Christ -- a sight no evil spirit could contemplate. Melusine flew screaming out of the window and was never seen again. She left behind two sons, from whom the later counts were descended. Other, more complimentary legends were chronicled in the 12th. Century by the family's official historian, Thomas des Loches (ca. 1130) and Jean de Marmoutier (ca. 1164 - 1173), and usually tell of soldierly prowess -- for instance how Comte Geoffroy "Grisgonel" (ca. 960 - 987), single-handedly fought and killed a giant, Ethelulf. An earlier historian of the House of Anjou, Comte Foulques Réchin (1068 - 1109), admitted that he knew nothing of the first three of his line, Ingelger=engeuger, who is said to have been granted the title of Comte d'Anjou in the late 9th. Century, his son Foulques "Le Roux", and Foulques "Le Bon" who ruled from 941 to 960. Died: in 888 at Église de Saint-Martin, Châteauneuf, Ingelger is buried at the Church of St. Martin in Châteauneuf.

889. Adelinde=Adèle10 de Châtillon-sur-Indre (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). AKA: Adèle de Busançais. AKA: Adélaïs d'Amboise. Married Name: d'Anjou. AKA: Adèle, Dame de Busançois (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 844 at Châtillon-sur-Indre, Berry, France, daughter of Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre and N? d'Amboise. Married before 869 at France: Ingelger, Count d'Anjou,, son of Tertulle d'Auxerre and Pétronille de Bourgogne.

890. Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur10 de Loches (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224, 225.). AKA: Garnier, Seigneur de La Haye. AKA: Werner, Seigneur de Villandry. AKA: Garnier, Seigneur de Villentrois (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Born: circa 855 at Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, son of Adalard, Seigneur de Loches and N? N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.). Married before 873 at France: Toscanda N? Died: before 929 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.).

891. Toscanda10 N? (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.). Married Name: de Loches. Born: before 859 Toscanda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Roscille was born. Married before 873 at France: Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches,, son of Adalard, Seigneur de Loches and N? N?

892. Albéric, Dux10 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-37.). AKA: Aubri, Vicomte d'Orléans. Born: between 0855 and 0860 at France, son of Geoffrey? d'Orléans and N? N?, Albéric witnessed the Charter of Odon, Abbot of Saint Martin in the year 886 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). Married before 886: N? N? Died: after 886 (Stuart.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 241.).

893. N?10 N? Married before 886: Albéric, Dux d'Orléans,, son of Geoffrey? d'Orléans and N? N?

894. Hector10 d'Arverne. Born: before 850. Married before 870: Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine,, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon.

895. Hava, Abbess10 d'Aquitaine. Married Name: d'Arverne. AKA: Aba de Gothie (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Born: circa 865, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon (Ibid.). Married before 870: Hector d'Arverne. AKA: Aba, Abbess de Sauxillanges (Ibid.). Died: circa 913.

912. Donald II, King of10 Scotland (Stuart, Page 121, Line 165-37.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 52.). AKA: Domnall II, King of Alba (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I831.html as of 28 October 1998.). Born: circa 862, son of Constantine I, King of Scotland and N? N? AKA: Domnall II, King of Scotland. Note - between 0889 and 0900 at Scotland: According to Ross, after the joint rule of and Giric, the Scottish Throne alternated between two branches of the ruling house. Each stemmed from a son of Kenneth Mac Alpin; One from Constantine I, the other from Aed. Donald II had the misfortune to reign at a time when the Danish assaults were at their peak. To the South, successors of the celebrated Danish leader Guthrum, seized Northumbria, cutting the Scots from direct contact with the English. At roughly the same time, the whole of northern Scotland fell to Sigurd "The Mighty", who celebrated his victories by cutting the heads of his adversaries, including Melbrigda Tonn, and hanging it from his saddle. According to Internet sources, Domnall succeeded to the kingship in 889, when the joint kings, Eochaid and Giric, were deposed. Little is known about his reign excepting a battle, probably in 893, when he defeated Viking raiders. He was, in turn, killed by another Viking raid in 900. He was the first King to be called 'ri Alban' or 'King of Scots' upon his death. He was succeeded by his cousin Constantine II, who reigned for 43 years, an incredible period for an early Medieval According to Stuart, King.Donald II was King of Scotland from 889 to 900 (Ibid.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Pages 24 - 25.). Married before 897: N? N? Died: in 900 at Forres, Moray, Scotland, Donald died either at Dunnottar or near Forres - poisoning is suspected (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 25.).

913. N?10 N? Married before 897: Donald II, King of Scotland,, son of Constantine I, King of Scotland and N? N? 960. Edward I, King of10 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-38.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.). Also Known As: Edward "The Elder." AKA: Édouard "L'Ancien" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 875 at Wessex, England, son of Elfred, King of Wessex and Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia. Significant-Other: Elfleda de Bernicie before 894 at England - She was a beautiful shepherdess who, after having dreamed that the moon shone from her womb, led to have her conceive Athelstan. Note - between 0899 and 0924: Edward the Elder was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 899 to 925. He was a Bretwala (king of Kings). AKA: Edward I, King of d'Estanglie Anglia (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Essex (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Sussex (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of de Mercie Mercia (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Wessex (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Kent (Ibid.). Married in 919 at Berkshire, England: Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent,, daughter of Sigehelm, Earldorman of Kent and N? N? (Eadgifu was Edward I's third wife). Died: in Jul 924 at Farndon-on-Dee, Ferrington, Farrington, Berkshire, England.

961. Eadgifu=Edgiva of10 Kent (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-38.) (Stuart, Page 171.). Married Name: Eadgifu of England. Born: circa 896 at Kent, England, daughter of Sigehelm, Earldorman of Kent and N? N? Married in 919 at Berkshire, England: Edward I, King of England,, son of Elfred, King of Wessex and Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia (Eadgifu was Edward I's third wife). Died: on 25 Aug 968 at England.

1000. Eudes, Count10 de Wetterau (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-37.). Born: circa 899, son of Gebhard, Count de Wetterau and N? N? (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). Married before 918: N? de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois. Died: on 2 Dec 949.

1001. N?10 de Vermandois (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 351-37.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Wetterau. Born: circa 882 at Saint-Quentin, Vermandois, Picardie, France, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois. Married before 918: Eudes, Count de Wetterau,, son of Gebhard, Count de Wetterau and N? N? Died: on 12 Dec 949.

1004. Rodolphe II, King10 de Bourgogne (Stuart, Page 243, Line 345-37; Page 133, Line 175-35.) (Abbott, Page 500.). Also Known As: Rodolphe "Le Pacific." AKA: Rodolphe II, King de Provence. AKA: Rudolph, King of Italy (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). Born: between 0888 and 0895, son of Rudolphe I, King de Bourgogne and Willa de Vienne. Married on 26 Dec 921: Berthe de Souabe,, daughter of Burckhardt, Duke de Souabe and Régelinde de Thurgovie (Rodolphe II was Berthe's first husband). Note - between 0922 and 0933 at France: Rodolphe II became the King of Italy in 922, King of Arles in 933, and was the founder of the two burgundies. In 933, Hughes Comte de Vienne and Marquis de Provence ceded his lands to Rodolphe. For Rodolphe, this meant extending his control from Bâle to Arles, except for Vienne on the shore of the Rhône, which was occupied and well fortified by King Raoul. Died: on 11 Jul 937 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.).

1005. Berthe10 de Souabe (Stuart, Page 243, Line 345-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:51 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Married Name: de Lombardie. Born: before 911, daughter of Burckhardt, Duke de Souabe and Régelinde de Thurgovie, Berthe is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Rodolphe. Married on 26 Dec 921: Rodolphe II, King de Bourgogne,, son of Rudolphe I, King de Bourgogne and Willa de Vienne (Rodolphe II was Berthe's first husband). Married on 12 Dec 937: Hughes, King de Lombardie,, son of Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine (Berthe was Hughes' fourth wife). Died: on 2 Jan 966 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.).

1006. Louis IV, King10 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 113, 191.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-36.) (Augé, Tome II, Page 86.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 387.). Also Known As: Louis "d'Outremer." Born: on 10 Sep 920 at Laon, Aisne, France, son of Charles III, King de France and Eadgifu=Ogive=Hadwige, Princess of England, Some sources claim King Louis IV was born in the year 921. Note - between 0936 and 0954 at France: King:936-954. When Louis IV's father [Charles "Le Simple"] was captured [by Herbert de Vermandois in 923], his mother Eadgifu took him to England for refuge. Louis IV came to the throne thanks to the support of Hughes, Count of Paris who had Louis IV recalled to France to succeed King Raoul (reign: 923-936). On 19 June 936, the new King, arrived in Boulogne, from England [hence the nickname "from overseas"]. He is annointed in Laon by the Archbishop of Reims, Artaud. Hughes "Le Grand" fancies himself the mentor of the King, but the King is rather independent of mind. Louis struggled against Hughes "Le Grand", Count of Paris, through most of his reign. In 936, the new German King, Otton I (who had just succeeded Henri I) tries to arbitrate their quarrels. In 938, King Louis "d'Outremer" makes an enemy out of Otton by marching into Lorraine. In 940, Otton I invades France and marches on Paris, with the help of his allies, Hughes "Le Grand" and Hughes de Vermandois. The Kingdom is split in two. While fighting the Normans in an attempt to recapture Normandy, Louis IV was made prisoner in 945 in Rouen. His following that capture was short-lived as Louis IV fell into the hands of Hughes "Le Grand", now Duke de France, who kept him prisoner for one year until 946. An alliance with the German King Otto I allowed Louis IV to defeat Hughes (having had Hugues de Vermandois excommunicated in 948 at the Council of Ingelheim; The Church Council met again in September that year and excommunicated Hughes "Le Grand"), who made peace in 950 with Louis because he needed the support of the Church. Louis IV married Gerberge, Sister of the Emperor of the Occident Othon=Otto the Great, who bore him a son named Lothaire who eventually replaced Louis IV on the throne. Louis was fatally injured in a fall form his horse. Married in 940: Gerberge de Saxe,, daughter of Henri I, Duke de Saxe and Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim (Louis IV was Gerberge's second husband). Died: on 10 Oct 954 at Reims, Champagne, France, at age 34 Louis IV is buried at Saint Rémy. Michael Welch's sources indicate Louis IV died 10 September 954 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.).

1007. Gerberge10 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 113, 191.) (Stuart, Page 70, Line 92-35.). Married Name: de France. Married Name: de Brabant. Born: between 0913 and 0914 at Nordhausen, Saxony, daughter of Henri I, Duke de Saxe and Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim. Married in 928: Gilbert, Count de Brabant,, son of Rainier I, Count de Hainaut and Albérade, Duchesse de Lorraine (Gilbert was Gerberge's first husband). Married in 940: Louis IV, King de France,, son of Charles III, King de France and Eadgifu=Ogive=Hadwige, Princess of England (Louis IV was Gerberge's second husband). Died: on 5 May 984 at Reims, Champagne, France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.).

1008. Hughes III, Count10 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-38.). Note -: Hughes III was an advocate of Luden. AKA: Hughes III, Count von Hohenburg Hughes was Count in Hohenburg in Alsace in 921 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). AKA: Hughes III, Count von Nordgau Hughes III was Count in the Alsacian Nordgau (Ibid.). Born: before 898, son of Éberhard III, Count d'Alsace and Aelinde N? Married before 918: Hildegarde N? Died: in 940.

1009. Hildegarde10 N? (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-38.). Married Name: d'Alsace. Born: before 910 Hildegarde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Eberhard IV was born. Married before 918: Hughes III, Count d'Alsace,, son of Éberhard III, Count d'Alsace and Aelinde N?

1010. Wigeric, Pfalzgrave10 d'Aachen (Stuart, Page 227, Line 319-37; Page 79, Line 104-37.). AKA: Wigeric, Pfalzgrave de Thier. AKA: Wigeric, Count d'Ardenne. AKA: Wigéric, Count von Triesgau. Born: in 886 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married circa 908: Kunigonde de France,, daughter of N? N? and Ermentrude, Princess de France (Wigeric was Kunigonde's first husband). Died: circa 916 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.).

1011. Kunigonde10 de France (Stuart, Page 247, Line 353-37.). Married Name: d'Aachen. Married Name: de Verdun. Born: circa 890, daughter of N? N? and Ermentrude, Princess de France (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Michael Welch [Prodigy ID# ZCLC44A] in Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry", Subject "Agatha of Hungary", on 1 June 1998 at 02:26 Hours.). Married circa 908: Wigeric, Pfalzgrave d'Aachen (Wigeric was Kunigonde's first husband). Married circa 920: Richwin, Count de Verdun,, son of Rainier, Count de Verdun and N? N? Died: after 923.

1022. Otto10 de Saxe (Augé, Tome 1, Page 19.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, post under Subject "Russia" on 27 July 1994 at 02:49 Hours.). AKA: Otton "Le Grand." AKA: Otto I, King of Germany. Also Known As: Otto "The Great" (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 89 [2-Feb-95 @ 13:03 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Born: on 23 Oct 912 at Saxe, Germany, son of Henri I, Duke de Saxe and Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim. Married in 929: Eadgyth, Princess of England,, daughter of Edward I, King of England and Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent (Eadgyth was Otto's first wife) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 89 [2-Feb-95 @ 13:03 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Significant-Other: N? N? before 934 -. Note - between 0937 and 0972: Otto was the founder of the Holy Roman Empire (1,000 years of German dominance). He succeeded King Henri I in 936. In 937, he established himself over Burgundy. He allied himself with the capetian Hughes the Great to defeat Louis IV in 940. In 946, Louis IV de France married his sister, Gerberge, and Otton I helps King Louis regain Reims, Paris and Rouen. In June, 948, Louis and Otto both attend the Council of Ingelheim at which Hughes de Vermandois is excommunicated and Hughes "Le Grand" is summoned to the Council's next meeting in September in Trèves. When the Duke of France fails to appear at that meeting, he also is excommunicated. Otto controlled the Church, and led 3 expeditions into Italy, securing the crown of Lombardy (951-952), to get crowned by Pope John XII (962), and consolidated his hold on the papacy (966-972), thus alienating the Byzantines in Southern Italy. He decisively defeated the Magyars in 955, extending his influence into Kiev. On 9 June 965, Otto "Le Grand" is crowned Emperor, and King Lothaire of France comes to Cologne to render hommage. Married in 951: Sainte Adélaïde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Rodolphe II, King de Bourgogne and Berthe de Souabe (Historical sources cited by Larousse indicate Adélaïde married Otto in 951, however, Leana Randall's sources indicate the marriage took place in October 947 which would be before this Saint's first husband died). Died: on 7 May 973 at Memleben, Germany, at age 60 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 89 [2-Feb-95 @ 13:03 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.).

1023. N?10 N? (Ibid.). Significant-Other: Otto de Saxe before 934 -.

--- 11th Generation ---

1056. Liévin, Vicomte11 de Narbonne (Stuart, Page 77, Line 101-37.). Born: before 815, son of Cixiliane, Vidâme de Narbonne and N? N?, Liévin is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Mayeul was born. Married before 832: N? N? AKA: Lindoin, Vicomte de Narbonne (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Quatrième (Volume 4), MDCCCXXXIV (1834), De Villeneuve, Page 5.). Died: after 885 Liévin was Vicomte in the year 885 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.).

1057. N?11 N? Married before 832: Liévin, Vicomte de Narbonne,, son of Cixiliane, Vidâme de Narbonne and N? N?

1064. Thierry I, Count11 d'Autun (Stuart, Page 132, Line 173-39.). AKA: Thierry I, Count de Chaumois. Born: circa 810 at France, son of Childebrand II, Lord de Pérracy and Dune d'Autun, Thierry I was alive in the year 817 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 845: Auda N? Occupation: before 880 Thierry I was the Chamberlain of Charles "Le Chauve." Died: between 0882 and 0883 Thierry I was alive in the year 879 (Ibid.).

1065. Auda11 N? Married Name: d'Autun. Born: before 838 Auda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Richard was born. Married before 845: Thierry I, Count d'Autun,, son of Childebrand II, Lord de Pérracy and Dune d'Autun.

1066. Beuve=Bouin, Comte11 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-39; Page 241, Line 343-40.). AKA: Buwin, Count d'Autun. AKA: Budwine, Count de Metz. AKA: Buvinus, Abbé de Gorze. Born: before 814, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N?, Beuve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Richilde d'Arles,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Died: after 877 Beuve was alive in the year 877 as well as in 840.

1067. Richilde11 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-40.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 814, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N? Died: in 883.

1080. Gilbert II, Count11 de Lotharingie (Stuart, Page 153, Line 207-39.). AKA: Giselbert, Count de Darnau. AKA: Gilbert II, Count de Maasgau. Born: before 836, son of Giselbert I, Count de Maasgau and N? d'Hesbaye, Gilbert II is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Ermengarde. Married in 846: Ermengarde, Duchesse de Lorraine,, daughter of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours.

1081. Ermengarde, Duchesse11 de Lorraine (André Roux: Scrolls, 115, 191.) (Stuart, Page 216, Line 302-39.). AKA: Ermengarde, Princess of Italy. AKA: Ermengarde de Bourgogne. Married Name: de Hainaut. Married Name: de Lotharingie. Born: before 836 at Italy, daughter of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Gilbert II. Married in 846: Gilbert II, Count de Lotharingie,, son of Giselbert I, Count de Maasgau and N? d'Hesbaye.

1084. Otton, Dux11 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Rosamond.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-37.) (von Redlich, Page 63.). AKA: Otto von Erlauchten. Also Known As: Otton "Le Grand." Born: in 835, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Married in 869: Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière,, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière. AKA: Otton, Count in de Turinge Otton was Count in South Thuringia (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 13 Nov 912. Buried: on 30 Nov 912.

1085. Hadwige=Hathui, Princess11 de Bavière (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 May 1994 at 22:25 Hours.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 863, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière, At age 13, Hadwige would be assumed to have her first child, which also assumes her father was 13 when she was born. There are divergent views as to Hedwige's parentage. Weis' "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" [6th. Ed., 1988, Line 141 (42)] shows Arnulf as her father. Other sources [E.S., 1980's Edition, via Paul Theroff] indicate Hadwige's father as Heinrich, Margrave of the Northern Mark. PaterAlter circa 863 Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière/Henri, Duke d'Austrasie (an unknown value). Married in 869: Otton, Dux de Saxe,, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Died: on 24 Dec 903 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.).

1086. Théodoric, Count11 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-37.). AKA: Dietrich II, Count de Saxe. Note -: Théodoric was Count of the Saxon Hamalant. Born: before 856, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau, Théodoric is presumed to have been at least 17 years old by the time his daughter,, Amalrada, was born. Married before 870: Reginhilde de Friesland,, daughter of Godefrid, King of Haithabu and Gisela N? Married in 882: Gisèle de Lorraine,, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Died: on 8 Feb 917.

1087. Gisèle11 de Lorraine (Ibid.). Married Name: de Ringelheim. Born: between 0863 and 0865, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Married in 882: Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim,, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau. Died: before 26 Oct 907.

1088. Tertulle11 d'Auxerre (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-39.). AKA: Tertulle, Seneschal de Gâtinais. Born: before 826 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Hughes, Count d'Auxerre and N? N?, Tertulle is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Ingelger was born. Married before 844 at France: Pétronille de Bourgogne. Died: circa 877 at France (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.).

1089. Pétronille11 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: in 825 at France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 844 at France: Tertulle d'Auxerre,, son of Hughes, Count d'Auxerre and N? N?

1090. Fouques, Comte Palatine11 de Châtillon-sur-Indre. AKA: Fulco, Vicomte d'Anjou (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: before 829, son of Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris and N? N? AKA: Fulco, Fondateur de Bonneval (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). AKA: Fulco, de Châteaudun (Ibid.). Married before 844: N? d'Amboise,, daughter of N?, Seigneur d'Amboise and N? de Nantes. Died: between 0859 and 0865 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.).

1091. N?11 d'Amboise (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 220, 223, 225.). AKA: N?, Dame d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.). Born: before 829, daughter of N?, Seigneur d'Amboise and N? de Nantes (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 844: Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre,, son of Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris and N? N? Married Name: de Châtillon-sur-Indre.

1092. Adalard, Seigneur11 de Loches (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224-225.). AKA: Adalard, Seigneur de La Haye (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224 - 225.). AKA: Adalard, Seigneur de Villentrois (Ibid.). Born: circa 825, son of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 855: N? N? AKA: Adalard, Vicomte d'Amboise (Ibid.). Died: after 864 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.).

1093. N?11 N? Married before 855: Adalard, Seigneur de Loches,, son of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris.

1096. Geoffrey?11 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-38.) (Stuart.). Died: at France. Born: before 836 at France, son of Bouchard d'Orléans and N? N? Married before 855: N? N?

1097. N?11 N? Married before 855: Geoffrey? d'Orléans,, son of Bouchard d'Orléans and N? N?

1102. Bernard II, Count11 d'Auvergne (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Bernard, Count de Rodez. AKA: Bernard Plantevelue (Abbott, Page 302.). AKA: Bernard, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard, Count de Nevers Bernard became Comte de Nevers upon the death of Eudes de Troyes circa 870. The County passed to his son Guillaume (Abbott, Page 182.). Born: on 22 Mar 841 at Uzès, Poitou, France, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N?, The Manual of Dhuoda records the birth "XI Kal Apr", in the year following the death of Emperor Louis, at "Uzecia urbes" of the second child [Bernard] of Doda and her husband Bernard (E. (Ed.) Bondurand, Le manuel de Dhuoda 843 in no series (Paris: n.pub., 887), Introduction, 5, p. 52.). Married before 860 at France: Ermengarde de Mâcon,, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.). Died: on 16 Aug 886 at age 45 Bernard was killed. Some sources indicate this was on 22 June 885; others on 6 January 886.

1103. Ermengarde11 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). Married Name: d'Auvergne. Born: circa 845 at Mâcon, Maconnais, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when she died (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 860 at France: Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne,, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.).

1104. Pépin II, Lord11 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-38.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin Saint-Quentin took its name from the missionary Caius Quintinus, decapitated in 287 (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Pépin II, Prince of Italy. AKA: Pépin, Count de Vermandois. Born: in 817 at Saint Quentin, Vermandois, France, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Married before 840: N? N? Died: in 845.

1105. N?11 N? Married before 840: Pépin II, Lord de Péronne,, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N?

1106. Guérin I, Count11 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-38.). Born: before 844 Guérin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Eve de Roussillon,, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours.

1107. Eve11 de Roussillon (Ibid.). Married Name: de Morvois. Born: before 847 at France, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours, Eve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Guérin I, Count de Morvois.

1108. Robert, Count11 de Blois (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-38.). AKA: Rutpert IV, Count de Wormsgau. AKA: Ruppert IV, Marquis d'Anjou. AKA: Robert, Count de Paris. AKA: Robert, Count de Tours. AKA: Robert, Count d'Auxerre. AKA: Robert, Count de Nevers Robert became Comte de Nevers in 864, upon the death of Hughes de Bourges (Abbott, Page 182.). AKA: Robert, Count d'Anjou. Also Known As: Robert "Le Fort." Born: before 834 at Mainz, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Germany, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans. Occupation: between 0836 and 0866 Robert "Le Fort" was Lay Abbot of Tours 836-866. Married before 856: Agane de Laon. Married circa 864: Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). Note - before 865: Robert "Le Fort", who took part in the "Révolte des Grands" against Charles "Le Chauve", fought against the Normands and was mortally wounded by them while pursuing them. Died: on 15 Sep 866 at Brissarthe, Anjou, France, Robert Le Fort was killed by the viking-Normans. Gary Murray's sources indicate this happened 25 July 866 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de La Marche", 30 October 1997 at 16:46 Hours.).

1109. Adélaïde=Aélis11 de Tours (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40; Page 126, Line 169-38; Page 164, Line 224-37.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. AKA: Adélaïde d'Alsace. Married Name: de Blois. Born: before 810 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Married before 825: Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married circa 864: Robert, Count de Blois,, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). MaterAlter: before 865 Eudes, King de France/Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: on 15 Sep 866 Adélaïde was killed.

1112. Théodoric, Count11 d'Autun (André Roux: Scrolls.). AKA: Théodoric, Count de Chalon. AKA: Théodoric, Count de Mâcon. Born: before 846 at France, son of Thierry I, Count d'Autun and Auda N?, Théodoric is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son, Manasses, was born. Married before 865: N? de Metz,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles.

1113. N?11 de Metz (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Autun. Born: before 864, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, She is presumed to have been born before her father was 50 years of age. Married before 865: Théodoric, Count d'Autun,, son of Thierry I, Count d'Autun and Auda N?

1116. Beuve=Bouin, Comte11 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-39; Page 241, Line 343-40.). AKA: Buwin, Count d'Autun. AKA: Budwine, Count de Metz. AKA: Buvinus, Abbé de Gorze. Born: before 814, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N?, Beuve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Richilde d'Arles,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Died: after 877 Beuve was alive in the year 877 as well as in 840.

1117. Richilde11 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-40.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 814, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N? Died: in 883.

1118. Conrad II, Count11 d'Auxerre (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-37; Page 214, Line 300-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.). AKA: Conrad II, Count de Paris. AKA: Conrad II, Margrave de Bourgogne. Occupation: Conrad II was the Count of Paris and Margrave of Transjurane Burgundy. He was also the Lay Abbott of Saint Moritz. Born: in 825 at France, son of Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Married before 870: Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Died: between 0872 and 0876 at Auvergne, France.

1119. Waldrade=Vaudrie11 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-37; Page 214, Line 300-39.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. Born: before 811 Waldrade is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Vaudrie is thought to have been an Alsacian Étichonid. Married before 870: Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. 1164. Baudouin I, Count11 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 191.) (Stuart, Page 173, Line 235-38.) (Abbott, Page 292.) (Stuart, Page 172.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Bras de Fer." AKA: Baudouin I, Comte de Boulogne (Abbott, Page 112.). Born: before 844, son of Odoacer, Count de Flandre and N? N?, Baudouin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter, Guinidilda, was born. Married in 862: Judith, Princess de France,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans (Baudouin I was Judith's third husband). Died: in 879 at Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Artois, France (Stuart, Page 173.).

1165. Judith, Princess11 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 117, 191.) (Stuart, Page 185, Line 250-38.). AKA: Judith, Queen of Wessex. AKA: Judith, Queen of England. AKA: Judith, Countess de Flandre. Born: in 844, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Married on 1 Oct 856 at Wessex, England: Aethelwulf, King of England,, son of Egbert, King of England and Redburga=Raedburh N? (Stuart, Page 171.). Married circa 858 at Wessex, England: Aethelbald, King of England. Married in 862: Baudouin I, Count de Flandre,, son of Odoacer, Count de Flandre and N? N? (Baudouin I was Judith's third husband). Died: after 870.

1216. Rognvald11 Eysteinsson (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Rognvald, Jarl of More. Also Known As: Rognvald "the Wise." Also Known As: Rognvald "The Mighty." Born: circa 830 at Maer, Norway, son of Eystein Ivarsson and Aseda Rognvaldotter. Married before 866: Rognhild=Hildir Hrolfsdotter,, daughter of Hrolf Nefja and N? N? Married before 870: Ermina N? Note - before 890: Rognvald was the Jarl of More or Maer, a Norwegian Viking. Died: circa 890 at Maer, Norway, Rognvald was burned to death in his house by Halfdan Haaleg and Gudrod Ljome.

1217. Rognhild=Hildir11 Hrolfsdotter (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). Married Name: Eysteinsson. Born: circa 848 at Norway, daughter of Hrolf Nefja and N? N? Married before 866: Rognvald Eysteinsson,, son of Eystein Ivarsson and Aseda Rognvaldotter.

1218. Bérenger, Count11 de Bayeux (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:10 Hours.). AKA: Bérenger, Count de Rennes The Comte Bérenger submitted to his Uncle, the Comte de Nantes who became the Duke Alain "Le Grand". But following the death of Alain, Thibaut "Le Tricheur", guardian of his son, sold the suzerainty of the Comté de Rennes to the Count Juhel Bérenger (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, Bérenger is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: N? de Rennes,, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne. Note - between 0887 and 0890: Bérenger was Count de Rennes from 887-890. He defeated the Norsemen at Coesnon in 890. PaterAlter before 903 Bérenger, Count de Bayeux/Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes (an unknown value). Died: circa 930 (Ibid.).

1219. N?11 de Rennes (Stuart, Page 124, Line 166-35.). Married Name: de Bayeux. AKA: N? de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). Born: before 857 at Bretagne, France, daughter of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Popa was born. Married before 872: Bérenger, Count de Bayeux,, son of Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? MaterAlter: before 903 Juhel Bérenger, Count de Rennes/N? de Rennes.

1248. Sunier=Sunifred, Count11 d'Urgel (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-38.). AKA: Sunifred, Count de Gerona. AKA: Sunifred, Count de Osona. AKA: Sunifred, Count de Barcelone. AKA: Sunifred, Margrave de Gothie. AKA: Sunifred, Comte de Cerdagne (Abbott, Page 480.). Born: circa 805 at France, son of Borel d'Urgel and N? N?, Sunifred was alive in the year 844. Married before 839 at France: Ermessende de Carcassonne,, daughter of Bellon, Count de Carcassonne and Nimilde N? Died: in 849 Sunier led a revolt of the indigenous [Visigothic] population against Bernard, Duke de Septimanie [person #3051] -- the grandfather of his nerphew's [Acfred I, Comte de Carcassone] wife. He conquered Cerdagne and then Urgel in the 830's and checked a Moorish invasion. He was killed in a counter-attack by Guillaume "Le Pieux", son of Bernard de Septimanie, in 849 (Paul Theroff, posts.).

1249. Ermessende11 de Carcassonne (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-38.). Married Name: d'Urgel. Born: circa 811, daughter of Bellon, Count de Carcassonne and Nimilde N? Married before 839 at France: Sunier=Sunifred, Count d'Urgel,, son of Borel d'Urgel and N? N? Died: circa 860.

1250. Baudouin I, Count11 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 191.) (Stuart, Page 173, Line 235-38.) (Abbott, Page 292.) (Stuart, Page 172.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Bras de Fer." AKA: Baudouin I, Comte de Boulogne (Abbott, Page 112.). Born: before 844, son of Odoacer, Count de Flandre and N? N?, Baudouin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter, Guinidilda, was born. Married in 862: Judith, Princess de France,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans (Baudouin I was Judith's third husband). Died: in 879 at Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Artois, France (Stuart, Page 173.).

1251. Judith, Princess11 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 117, 191.) (Stuart, Page 185, Line 250-38.). AKA: Judith, Queen of Wessex. AKA: Judith, Queen of England. AKA: Judith, Countess de Flandre. Born: in 844, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Married on 1 Oct 856 at Wessex, England: Aethelwulf, King of England,, son of Egbert, King of England and Redburga=Raedburh N? (Stuart, Page 171.). Married circa 858 at Wessex, England: Aethelbald, King of England. Married in 862: Baudouin I, Count de Flandre,, son of Odoacer, Count de Flandre and N? N? (Baudouin I was Judith's third husband). Died: after 870.

1252. Odon=Eudes, Count11 de Toulouse (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-35.) (Abbott, Page 371.). AKA: Eudes, Count de Rouergue Eudes was Comte de Rouergue from 886 (Abbott, Page 332.). Born: before 845 at France, son of Raimond I, Count de Toulouse and Berthe=Béatrix de Reims, Odon is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Garsinde. Married circa 855: Garsinde, Comtesse d'Albi,, daughter of Ermengaud, Comte d'Albi and N? N? Died: either 0918 or 0919 Abbott indicates that Odon died in 919.

1253. Garsinde, Comtesse11 d'Albi (André Roux: Scrolls, 85.) (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-35.) (Abbott, Page 377.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Born: before 845, daughter of Ermengaud, Comte d'Albi and N? N?, Garsinde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Odon. Married circa 855: Odon=Eudes, Count de Toulouse,, son of Raimond I, Count de Toulouse and Berthe=Béatrix de Reims.

1256. Odon=Eudes, Count11 de Toulouse (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-35.) (Abbott, Page 371.). AKA: Eudes, Count de Rouergue Eudes was Comte de Rouergue from 886 (Abbott, Page 332.). Born: before 845 at France, son of Raimond I, Count de Toulouse and Berthe=Béatrix de Reims, Odon is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Garsinde. Married circa 855: Garsinde, Comtesse d'Albi,, daughter of Ermengaud, Comte d'Albi and N? N? Died: either 0918 or 0919 Abbott indicates that Odon died in 919.

1257. Garsinde, Comtesse11 d'Albi (André Roux: Scrolls, 85.) (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-35.) (Abbott, Page 377.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Born: before 845, daughter of Ermengaud, Comte d'Albi and N? N?, Garsinde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Odon. Married circa 855: Odon=Eudes, Count de Toulouse,, son of Raimond I, Count de Toulouse and Berthe=Béatrix de Reims.

1258. Bencion, Comte11 des Ampurias (Abbott, Page 477.). Married: Ermengarde de Roussillon. Born: before 867 at France, son of Sunier II, Comte de Roussillon and Ermengarde de Roussillon, Bencion is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Guinidilda. Married in 877: Guindaille=Guinidilda de Roussillon,, daughter of Miron I, Count de Roussillon and Cixilona (--?--). Died: in 916 (Ibid.).

1259. Guindaille=Guinidilda11 de Roussillon (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 862, daughter of Miron I, Count de Roussillon and Cixilona (--?--) (Ibid.). Married in 877: Bencion, Comte des Ampurias,, son of Sunier II, Comte de Roussillon and Ermengarde de Roussillon. Married Name: des Ampurias.

1260. Sanche III, Duke11 de Gascogne (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 832, son of Semen de Gascogne and N? N?, Sanche III is presumed to have been at least 18 years old when his son Garcia-Sanchez was born (Ibid.). Married before 850: Quisilo de Bueil,, daughter of Garcia, Comte de Bueil and N? N? (Ibid.). Died: in 893 (Ibid.).

1261. Quisilo11 de Bueil (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 834, daughter of Garcia, Comte de Bueil and N? N? (Ibid.). Married before 850: Sanche III, Duke de Gascogne,, son of Semen de Gascogne and N? N? (Ibid.). Married Name: de Gascogne (Ibid.).

1264. Loup Aznar, Comte11 de Comminges (Abbott, Page 347.). Born: before 872 at Gascogne, France, son of Aznar II, Comte de Comminges and N? N?, Loup Aznar is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Aznar III, was born. Married before 889: N? N? Died: after 932 (Ibid.).

1265. N?11 N? Married Name: de Comminges. Married before 889: Loup Aznar, Comte de Comminges,, son of Aznar II, Comte de Comminges and N? N?

1268. Acfred I, Count11 de Bourges (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Stuart, Page 209; Line 291-37.). AKA: Acfrid I, Count de Razès (Abbott, Page 396.). AKA: Acfrid I, Count de Carcassonne. Born: before 837 at France, son of Oliva II, Count de Carcassonne and N? N?, Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" indicates that Acfred I was the son of Oliva II, whereas E.S. [via Paul Theroff] indicates that Acfred I was the son of Oliva I, and therefore the brother of Oliva II. PaterAlter before 837 Acfred I, Count de Bourges/Oliva I, Count de Carcassonne (an unknown value). MaterAlter: before 837 Ermentrude N?/Acfred I, Count de Bourges. Married before 897 at France: Adélinde d'Auvergne,, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon. Died: in 906.

1269. Adélinde11 d'Auvergne (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Abbott, Pages 302, 442.) (Bernard, Recueil des chartes de, Tome I, 286, Page 282.). AKA: Adelinde de Rodez. Married Name: de Carcassonne. Married Name: de Bourges. AKA: Plantevelue. Born: before 879 at Lorvano, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon. Married before 897 at France: Acfred I, Count de Bourges,, son of Oliva II, Count de Carcassonne and N? N?

1312. Roger, Count11 du Maine. Born: before 866 at Maine, France, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans, Roger established himself in Le Mans, circa 886, at the expense of Count Gauzlin. Gauzlin, who had the support of the Robertide King Odo and his brother Robert, was a member of the powerful Rorgonide family which had ruled Maine for much of the Ninth Century (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 191.). Married circa 886: Rothilde de Neustrie,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Richilde de Bourgogne. Died: after 31 Oct 900.

1313. Rothilde11 de Neustrie (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-36.). Married Name: du Maine. Born: circa 871 at France, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Richilde de Bourgogne. Married circa 886: Roger, Count du Maine,, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Died: on 22 Mar 928.

1344. Adalbert III, Margrave11 de Toscane (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-36.). Born: between 0900 and 0925 at Italy, son of Bonifacio IV, Marquis de Toscane and N? N? Married before 940: N? N? Died: between 0950 and 0960.

1345. N?11 N? Married before 940: Adalbert III, Margrave de Toscane,, son of Bonifacio IV, Marquis de Toscane and N? N?

1346. Bonifacio I, Duke11 de Spoleto (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-35.). Born: before 908 at Spoleto, Italy Bonifacio is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Married before 928: N? N? Died: in 928.

1347. N?11 N? Married before 928: Bonifacio I, Duke de Spoleto.

1348. Olderado, Count11 de Como (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-34.). Born: before 925 at Italy Olderado is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Wiprand was born. Married before 940: Railinda de Verticilio,, daughter of Auprando, Count de Verticilio and N? N?

1349. Railinda11 de Verticilio (Ibid.). Married Name: de Como. Born: before 925 at Italy, daughter of Auprando, Count de Verticilio and N? N?, Railinda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Wiprand was born. Married before 940: Olderado, Count de Como.

1360. Hughes I, Count11 du Maine (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-35.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Pages 193 - 194.) (Ibid.). AKA: Hughes I, Vicomte du Maine. Born: circa 887 at Maine, France, son of Roger, Count du Maine and Rothilde de Neustrie, Hughes I was alive in the year 900 and succeeded his father at that time according to a charter from King Charles "Le Simple", who was the immediate overlord of the Comte du Maine. In 924, the overlordship was granted to Hugh The Great by King Ralph (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Pages 191, 193 - 194.). Married before 905: N? du Maine. Note - between 0930 and 0938: In 930 and in 931, Hughes I subscribed charters of Hughes The Great of Paris together with Fulk of Anjou and Theobald of Blois. In 938, he briefly acted as Comte de Poitou to serve the political ends of Hugh The Great (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 194.). Died: in 939.

1361. N?11 du Maine (Ibid.). Born: circa 895. Married before 905: Hughes I, Count du Maine,, son of Roger, Count du Maine and Rothilde de Neustrie.

1432. Herlouin, Count11 de Montreuil (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 180, Line 244-38.). AKA: Hildouin, Count de Ponthieu. AKA: Herlouin, Count d'Amiens. Born: before 915 at France, son of Hélie, Count de Montreuil and N? N? Married before 927: N? N? Died: on 13 Aug 945 at Normandie, France.

1433. N?11 N? Married before 927: Herlouin, Count de Montreuil,, son of Hélie, Count de Montreuil and N? N?

1436. Herbert I, Lord11 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Herbert I, Count de Vermandois. AKA: Herbert I, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert I, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Herbert I, Lord de Saint-Quentin. Born: circa 840 at Péronne, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?, Péronne was taken by Wellington in 1815 and by the Germans in January, 1871. It was occupied again by them from 24 September 1914 to 8 September 1918. Married before 880 at France: Béatrice de Morvois,, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Died: either 0890 or 0902 Herbert I was murdered [some sources say in 890, others claim it was in 902].

1437. Béatrice11 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-37.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Péronne. Born: circa 862, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Married before 880 at France: Herbert I, Lord de Péronne,, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?

Robert I, King of the Francs.

1438. Robert I, King11 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Tome 1, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407 - 424.). AKA: Robert, King de Neustrie. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Paris. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Poitiers. AKA: Robert I, Marquis d'Orléans. Born: circa 865 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours, Robert was alive in the year 865. Married before 887: Adèle=Aénis N? Married in 890: Béatrice de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois (Béatrice was Robert's second wife). Note - between 0910 and 0923 at France: In 903, The Normands burned the famous Abbey de Saint-Martin in Tours. In 910, Rollon, the Dane Hrolf, attacks Paris but is pushed back by Robert and his forces. In 911, Rollon lays siege to Chartres, and the city is rescued by Robert with the help of the Bishop Gouteaume, who parades before the troops bearing the cloak of the Virgin Marry. The next day, Rollon is pushed back having lost 7,000 of his men. In 922, Robert plots against the King, Charles "Le Simple", and succeeds in rallying around him a number of malcontents. On 29 June 922, Robert is elected King by a faction of the Greats (assembly of nobles). Near Soissons, on 14 June 923, the two Kings fight and Robert is killed. Robert was King of Neustrie and the West Franks from 922 to 923. Died: on 14 Jun 923 at near Soissons, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France, Robert died at the Battle of Soissons while fighting against the troops of his foe King Charles "Le Simple" and his troops of Lorraine. His successor was an in- law, Raoul, Duke de Bourgogne, Abbé de Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre.

1439. Adèle=Aénis11 N? (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-37.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 872 Adèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Hildebrante was born. Married before 887: Robert I, King de France,, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: before 890.

1536. Eystein11 Ivarsson (Stuart, Page 28, Line 44-39; Page 123, Line 166-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Eystein, Jarl in Hedemarken. AKA: Eystein Glumra, Comte des Hautes-Terres. Note -: Eistain Glumra, he was the Jarl of Hedemarken (the Uplands of Norway). E.S. [via Paul Theroff] indicates he was the earliest documentable ancestor of the Dukes of Normandy. AKA: Eystein "Le Bruyant." Born: circa 805, son of Ivar Oplaendinge and Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim. Married before 830: Aseda Rognvaldotter,, daughter of Rognvald Olafsson and N? N?

1537. Aseda11 Rognvaldotter (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-37.). AKA: Aseda Rognvaldsson. Married Name: Ivarsson. AKA: Ascrida Rognvaldsdottir. Born: circa 812 at Maer, Norway, daughter of Rognvald Olafsson and N? N? Married before 830: Eystein Ivarsson,, son of Ivar Oplaendinge and Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim.

1538. Hrolf11 Nefja (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.). Born: before 833 Hrolf is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Rognhild was born. Married before 848: N? N?

1539. N?11 N? Married before 848: Hrolf Nefja.

1540. Judicaël, Duke11 de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Judicaël, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 839 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, Judicaël became Duke in 877 and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Bérenger, was born. Married before 856: N? N? Note - in 877 at Rennes, Bretagne, France: Judicaël was a direct descendant of Judicaël I, King of the Brittons (of Bretagne), venerated by them as nearly a saint. The Count of Rennes (capital city of Bretagne) became Duke de Bretagne in 877. Died: in 888 Judicaël was killed in action.

1541. N?11 N? Married before 856: Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne.

1542. Gurvand, Duke11 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Augé.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Gurvand, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 820 at Rennes, Bretagne, France Gurvand was Comte de Rennes in 851, and is is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Judicaël, was born. Married before 838: N? de Bretagne,, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? Died: in 877.

1543. N?11 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 824, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 838: Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne. Note - in 857: She was the heiress of Bretagne. Died: after 857.

1568. Ridoredh, Count11 de Nantes (Stuart, Page 237, Line 334-39.). AKA: Ridoredh, Count de Vannes. Born: before 850 at France Ridoredh is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Alain I was born. Married before 863: N? N? (She was a concubine).

1569. N?11 N? Married before 863: Ridoredh, Count de Nantes (She was a concubine).

1572. Judicaël, Duke11 de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Judicaël, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 839 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, Judicaël became Duke in 877 and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Bérenger, was born. Married before 856: N? N? Note - in 877 at Rennes, Bretagne, France: Judicaël was a direct descendant of Judicaël I, King of the Brittons (of Bretagne), venerated by them as nearly a saint. The Count of Rennes (capital city of Bretagne) became Duke de Bretagne in 877. Died: in 888 Judicaël was killed in action.

1573. N?11 N? Married before 856: Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne.

1574. Gurvand, Duke11 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Augé.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Gurvand, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 820 at Rennes, Bretagne, France Gurvand was Comte de Rennes in 851, and is is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Judicaël, was born. Married before 838: N? de Bretagne,, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? Died: in 877.

1575. N?11 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 824, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 838: Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne. Note - in 857: She was the heiress of Bretagne. Died: after 857.

Anjou-Ancient

1584. Ingelger, Count11 d'Anjou (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.) (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 4 [2-Feb-95 @ 16:10 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed, G. Paget "Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales."). AKA: Ingelger, Vicomte d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.). AKA: Ingelger, Prefet de Tours (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 213.). Born: in 845 at Anjou, France, son of Tertulle d'Auxerre and Pétronille de Bourgogne, Ingelger was a lieutenant of King Robert de France. Married before 869 at France: Adelinde=Adèle de Châtillon-sur-Indre,, daughter of Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur- Indre and N? d'Amboise. Note - before 888: cites in part the work of Elizabeth Hallam's "The Plantagenet Chronicles" [ISBN: 1-55584-018-3] for alleging the House of Anjou as "a House of Devils" -- 'From the Devil they came, and to the Devil they will return'. This saying about the Counts of Anjou by Gérald of Wales, refers to the legend that the Angevin Counts and kings were descended from the daughter of Satan. In Gerald's story, an early count of Anjou returned from a journey with a woman, Melusine, famous for her beauty, whom he married. There were many strange things about her, the most shocking of which was that she was always absent from Mass at the consecration of the Host. Her true identity was discovered when her husband forced her to stay and see the body of Christ -- a sight no evil spirit could contemplate. Melusine flew screaming out of the window and was never seen again. She left behind two sons, from whom the later counts were descended. Other, more complimentary legends were chronicled in the 12th. Century by the family's official historian, Thomas des Loches (ca. 1130) and Jean de Marmoutier (ca. 1164 - 1173), and usually tell of soldierly prowess -- for instance how Comte Geoffroy "Grisgonel" (ca. 960 - 987), single-handedly fought and killed a giant, Ethelulf. An earlier historian of the House of Anjou, Comte Foulques Réchin (1068 - 1109), admitted that he knew nothing of the first three of his line, Ingelger=engeuger, who is said to have been granted the title of Comte d'Anjou in the late 9th. Century, his son Foulques "Le Roux", and Foulques "Le Bon" who ruled from 941 to 960. Died: in 888 at Église de Saint-Martin, Châteauneuf, Ingelger is buried at the Church of St. Martin in Châteauneuf.

1585. Adelinde=Adèle11 de Châtillon-sur-Indre (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 July 1994 at 00:34 Hours.). AKA: Adèle de Busançais. AKA: Adélaïs d'Amboise. Married Name: d'Anjou. AKA: Adèle, Dame de Busançois (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 844 at Châtillon-sur-Indre, Berry, France, daughter of Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre and N? d'Amboise. Married before 869 at France: Ingelger, Count d'Anjou,, son of Tertulle d'Auxerre and Pétronille de Bourgogne.

1586. Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur11 de Loches (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224, 225.). AKA: Garnier, Seigneur de La Haye. AKA: Werner, Seigneur de Villandry. AKA: Garnier, Seigneur de Villentrois (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Born: circa 855 at Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, son of Adalard, Seigneur de Loches and N? N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.). Married before 873 at France: Toscanda N? Died: before 929 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.).

1587. Toscanda11 N? (Stuart, Page 125, Line 167-37.). Married Name: de Loches. Born: before 859 Toscanda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Roscille was born. Married before 873 at France: Garnier = Warnar, Seigneur de Loches,, son of Adalard, Seigneur de Loches and N? N?

1588. Albéric, Dux11 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-37.). AKA: Aubri, Vicomte d'Orléans. Born: between 0855 and 0860 at France, son of Geoffrey? d'Orléans and N? N?, Albéric witnessed the Charter of Odon, Abbot of Saint Martin in the year 886 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.). Married before 886: N? N? Died: after 886 (Stuart.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 241.).

1589. N?11 N? Married before 886: Albéric, Dux d'Orléans,, son of Geoffrey? d'Orléans and N? N?

1590. Hector11 d'Arverne. Born: before 850. Married before 870: Hava, Abbess d'Aquitaine,, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon.

1591. Hava, Abbess11 d'Aquitaine. Married Name: d'Arverne. AKA: Aba de Gothie (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Born: circa 865, daughter of Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne and Ermengarde de Mâcon (Ibid.). Married before 870: Hector d'Arverne. AKA: Aba, Abbess de Sauxillanges (Ibid.). Died: circa 913.

1664. Baudouin I, Count11 de Flandre (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 191.) (Stuart, Page 173, Line 235-38.) (Abbott, Page 292.) (Stuart, Page 172.). Also Known As: Baudouin "Bras de Fer." AKA: Baudouin I, Comte de Boulogne (Abbott, Page 112.). Born: before 844, son of Odoacer, Count de Flandre and N? N?, Baudouin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter, Guinidilda, was born. Married in 862: Judith, Princess de France,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans (Baudouin I was Judith's third husband). Died: in 879 at Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Artois, France (Stuart, Page 173.).

1665. Judith, Princess11 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 117, 191.) (Stuart, Page 185, Line 250-38.). AKA: Judith, Queen of Wessex. AKA: Judith, Queen of England. AKA: Judith, Countess de Flandre. Born: in 844, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Married on 1 Oct 856 at Wessex, England: Aethelwulf, King of England,, son of Egbert, King of England and Redburga=Raedburh N? (Stuart, Page 171.). Married circa 858 at Wessex, England: Aethelbald, King of England. Married in 862: Baudouin I, Count de Flandre,, son of Odoacer, Count de Flandre and N? N? (Baudouin I was Judith's third husband). Died: after 870.

1666. Elfred, King of11 Wessex (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-39.). AKA: Alfred, King of England. Also Known As: Alfred=Elfred "The Great." Born: in 849 at Wantage, Berkshire, England, son of Aethelwulf, King of England and Osburh of England (Stuart, Page 171. ). Married in 869: Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia,, daughter of Aethelred Mucil and Eadburh=Edburga of Mercia (Some sources indicate Elfred and Ealhswit were married in 868) (Stuart, Page 171. ) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Anjanette Lofgren [Prodigy ID# ASZR36A] under Subject "England", 7 March 1996 at 14:03 Hours.). Note - between 0871 and 0886: Elfred succeeded his brother, Aethelred as King of Wessex in April, 871 [even though Aethelred had children of his own]. He was almost constantly at war with the Danes from 876 [the first recorded event of his reign was a battle he fought against the whole Danish Army at Wilton, in 871] until his death. During 871, nine general engagements were fought against the Danish army in the kingdom South of the Thames, besides the expeditions which the King's brother Alfred and other earldormen and king's Thegns often rode on. That year, nine Danish were killed and one king. He fought major battles in Ashdown, Ethedun and Edington. Between 865 and 873, the kingdoms of Northumbria, East Anglia and Mercia had been destroyed in battle. Wessex alone retained its dynasty and territorial integrity. His capture of London in 886 led to general recognition of his leadership over all the English thought technically ruler of Wessex and Mercia only. Very educated, he translated into Anglo-Saxon the Pastoral Care of Pope Gregory I, Orosius' Seven Books of History Against the Pagans, Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy and part of St. Augustine of Hippo's Soliloquies. He was the Founder of Oxford University. By popular acclaim, he is said to have invented the Royal Navy, the Shires [and therefore, county Cricket] and the Church of England (D.J.V. Fisher, The Anglo-Saxon Age: c. 400 - 1042 (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992), Pg. 216.). Died: on 26 Oct 899 at England Carr's "Dictionary of English Kings, Consorts, , Usurpers, Un-Natural Claimants and Royal Athelings" indicates that Alfred died in 901 at age 52 of an inexplicit but persistent malady, and that for 1,200 years [!!!!], he has reigned First in Peace [only a warped British mind could conceive of one involved in at least 3 major battles and over 53 not-so-major armed conflicts as a peace-maker -- Americans would follow suit in the 20th. Century by naming a multiple warhead nuclear missile a "Peacemaker" -- as anything close to a peace monger], First in War, and first in the hearts of his Countrymen [presumably also for the next couple of hundred years as well.

1667. Ealhswit = Ethelswitha11 Sighelm of Mercia (Stuart, Page 174, Line 238-39.) (Stuart, Page 174.) (Ibid.). AKA: Walhswith, Queen of England. Born: circa 852 at Mercia, England, daughter of Aethelred Mucil and Eadburh=Edburga of Mercia (Stuart, Page 174. ). Married in 869: Elfred, King of Wessex,, son of Aethelwulf, King of England and Osburh of England (Some sources indicate Elfred and Ealhswit were married in 868) (Stuart, Page 171. ) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Anjanette Lofgren [Prodigy ID# ASZR36A] under Subject "England", 7 March 1996 at 14:03 Hours.). Died: either 904 or 5 Dec 905 at England (Stuart, Page 174.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Anjanette Lofgren [Prodigy ID# ASZR36A] under Subject "England", 7 March 1996 at 14:03 Hours.).

1668. Herbert I, Lord11 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Herbert I, Count de Vermandois. AKA: Herbert I, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert I, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Herbert I, Lord de Saint-Quentin. Born: circa 840 at Péronne, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?, Péronne was taken by Wellington in 1815 and by the Germans in January, 1871. It was occupied again by them from 24 September 1914 to 8 September 1918. Married before 880 at France: Béatrice de Morvois,, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Died: either 0890 or 0902 Herbert I was murdered [some sources say in 890, others claim it was in 902].

1669. Béatrice11 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-37.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Péronne. Born: circa 862, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Married before 880 at France: Herbert I, Lord de Péronne,, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?

Robert I, King of the Francs.

1670. Robert I, King11 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Tome 1, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407 - 424.). AKA: Robert, King de Neustrie. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Paris. AKA: Robert I, Comte de Poitiers. AKA: Robert I, Marquis d'Orléans. Born: circa 865 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours, Robert was alive in the year 865. Married before 887: Adèle=Aénis N? Married in 890: Béatrice de Vermandois,, daughter of Herbert I, Lord de Péronne and Béatrice de Morvois (Béatrice was Robert's second wife). Note - between 0910 and 0923 at France: In 903, The Normands burned the famous Abbey de Saint-Martin in Tours. In 910, Rollon, the Dane Hrolf, attacks Paris but is pushed back by Robert and his forces. In 911, Rollon lays siege to Chartres, and the city is rescued by Robert with the help of the Bishop Gouteaume, who parades before the troops bearing the cloak of the Virgin Marry. The next day, Rollon is pushed back having lost 7,000 of his men. In 922, Robert plots against the King, Charles "Le Simple", and succeeds in rallying around him a number of malcontents. On 29 June 922, Robert is elected King by a faction of the Greats (assembly of nobles). Near Soissons, on 14 June 923, the two Kings fight and Robert is killed. Robert was King of Neustrie and the West Franks from 922 to 923. Died: on 14 Jun 923 at near Soissons, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France, Robert died at the Battle of Soissons while fighting against the troops of his foe King Charles "Le Simple" and his troops of Lorraine. His successor was an in- law, Raoul, Duke de Bourgogne, Abbé de Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre.

1671. Adèle=Aénis11 N? (Stuart, Page 127, Line 169-37.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 872 Adèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Hildebrante was born. Married before 887: Robert I, King de France,, son of Robert, Count de Blois and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: before 890.

1680. Amadeus, Count11 de Bourgogne (Stuart, Page 235, Line 332-39.) (Stuart, Page 196.). Born: before 827, son of Hunroch, Margrave de Friuli and Engeltrude de Paris, Amadeus was alive in the year 827. Died: after 827. Married before 865: N? N?

1681. N?11 N? Married before 865: Amadeus, Count de Bourgogne,, son of Hunroch, Margrave de Friuli and Engeltrude de Paris.

1684. Éberhard, Marquis11 de Friuli (Stuart, Page 196, Line 269-39.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:54 Hours.). Born: before 819, son of Hunroch, Margrave de Friuli and Engeltrude de Paris, Éberhard is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Éberhard, was born. Married in 836: Gisèle=Gisela de Bavière,, daughter of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière. Note - between 0836 and 0866: According to Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners", Gisèle and Eberhard had seven children, E.S. [via Paul Theroff], shows those identified here. Died: on 16 Dec 866 Éberhard is buried at Cysoing, France.

1685. Gisèle=Gisela11 de Bavière (Stuart, Page 139, Line 185-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:54 Hours.). AKA: Gisèle, Princesse de France. Born: between 0819 and 0822 at Bavaria, daughter of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière. Married in 836: Éberhard, Marquis de Friuli,, son of Hunroch, Margrave de Friuli and Engeltrude de Paris. Note - between 0836 and 0866: According to Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners", Gisèle and Eberhard had seven children, E.S. [via Paul Theroff], shows those identified here. Died: after 1 Jul 874.

1686. Suppo II, Margrave11 de Spolète (Stuart, Page 197, Line 269-38.) (Stuart, Page 197.). Born: before 840, son of Maurin, Pfalzgrave de Parma and N? N? Married before 865: N? N? Died: circa 885.

1687. N?11 N? Married before 865: Suppo II, Margrave de Spolète,, son of Maurin, Pfalzgrave de Parma and N? N?

1688. Hubert=Herbert, Duke11 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 214.) (Stuart, Page 133, Line 174-39.). AKA: Herbert, Marquis de Bourgogne Herbert was the Marquis of the Transjuranian Burgundy. Occupation: Herbert was the Lay Abbott of Saint-Maurice. Born: before 849 at France, son of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Herbert is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Thibaud was born. Married before 864: N? N? Died: in 864 at Orbe, Vaud, Switzerland, Herbert was slain.

1689. N?11 N? Married before 864: Hubert=Herbert, Duke de Bourgogne,, son of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?

1690. Lothaire=Lothar II, King11 de Lorraine (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.) (Castelot, Tome I, Page 384.) (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 827, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Married circa 855: Teutberge de Valois,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Note - between 0855 and 0869: Lothaire II was the King of Lorraine from 855 to 869. He married Teutberge de Valois whom he repudiated in favor of his concubine Walrade. From 858 until 869 he battled to get rid of his wife. This cost him the court of Rome, and an excommunication by the Church, for which he had to beg the pardon of the Pope. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence in 863, Lothar II would get the center of Charles' Kingdom (since Charles had no son). Divorced Teutberge de Valois: in 862. Married on 25 Dec 862: Waldrade d'Alsace (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: on 8 Aug 869 at Piacenza, Italy, Having no sons upon his death, Lothar II's lands reverted to his sole surviving brother Louis II.

1691. Waldrade11 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.). Born: before 842 (Stuart.). Married on 25 Dec 862: Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: after 868 She was a nun when she died (Stuart.).

1692. Conrad II, Count11 d'Auxerre (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-37; Page 214, Line 300-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.). AKA: Conrad II, Count de Paris. AKA: Conrad II, Margrave de Bourgogne. Occupation: Conrad II was the Count of Paris and Margrave of Transjurane Burgundy. He was also the Lay Abbott of Saint Moritz. Born: in 825 at France, son of Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Married before 870: Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Died: between 0872 and 0876 at Auvergne, France.

1693. Waldrade=Vaudrie11 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-37; Page 214, Line 300-39.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. Born: before 811 Waldrade is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Vaudrie is thought to have been an Alsacian Étichonid. Married before 870: Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours.

1694. Boson, King11 de Provence (Rosamond, Page 259.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 215.) (Stuart, Page 241, Line 343-39.) (Abbott, Page 499.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). AKA: Boson II, King de Bourgogne Boson II became King of Lower Burgundy in 879. AKA: Boson II, Comte de Vienne Boson II became Count of Vienne in 870. AKA: Boson II, Count de Bourges. Born: before 854, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, Boson II is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he became Count. Note - between 0869 and 0882: In 869, Boson II's sister Richilde married Charles the Bald. In 871, he was made Count of Vienne, and became the Count of Bourges a year later. After arranging an exchange with Count Theudebert of Vermandois, Boson also acquired the Countship of Autun, so that his territory included most of Burgundy and Provence including the regions of the Lyonnais and Viennois. When Charles the Bald was crowned emperor in 875, he made Boson his dux et missus Italiae sacrique palatii archiminister. In other words, Boson ruled Italy for Charles, and once there took the opportunity to marry Ermengarde, daughter of Emperor Louis II. He was the King of Provence from 879 to 887, being elected at Montaille (near Vienne) on 15-Oct-879 the King of Burgundy. As soon as he was crowned, he consolidated his position, appointed the powerful bishop of Autun, Adalgar as his archchancellor, and made Geilo, Abbot of Tournus, the bishop of Langres. There was also some collusion between Boson and his Lotharingian countrymen who had rallied in support of Hugh, Lothar II's bastard, in his attempt to claim the right to rule Lotharingia. Boson's elevation and Hugh's pretentions had the effect of uniting all the Carolingians - Louis the Younger (Le Jeune), Charles the Fat (Le Gros), Louis III and Carloman - and their supporters against him. Hugh was dealt with quickly, but Boson presented a more serious obstacle to Charles Le Gros as well as to Carloman and Hugh the Abbot. Charles seized the Italian lands of Boso's mother-in-law Engelberge, kidnapped Engelberge herself, appropriated the temporal of the archbishopric of Besançon and occupied Lausanne. By 881, Boson had lost the Jura and transjurane region to Charles Le Gros. The county of Autun was conferred on Richard, Boson's brother, who supported Carloman from then on. In 882, Vienne was attacked by the Frankish army under Richard who captured Boson's wife and his daughter. Abandoned by the Pope, his brother and his who defected to Charles Le Gros, and forsaken by the bishops and counts, Boson died in historical obscurity. Married in 876 at France: Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: on 11 Jan 887 at Vienne, Isère, Dauphiné, France.

1695. Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of11 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Rosamond, Page 259.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-40.). Married Name: Ermengarde, Queen de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 852, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète. Married in 876 at France: Boson, King de Provence,, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: in 896.

1702. Louis II, King11 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-38.) (Augé.) (Rosamond, Page 258.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 387.). AKA: Louis II, King d'Aquitaine. Also Known As: Louis "Le Bègue." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in Nov 846 at Compiègne, Oise, Ile-de-France, France, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Married in 862: Ansgarde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Hardouin, Count de Bourgogne (She was given in marriage to Louis by her brother, Odon, often confused with Odon, Count of Troyes, an older man and one of Louis' detractors) (Rosamond, Page 185.). Note - between 0867 and 0879: Louis II was the King of Aquitaine from 867 to 879 and became King of France in 877, crowned at Compiègne by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims on 8 October. If the children and grandchildren of Charlemagne had an easy time ascending to the throne by virtue of their parentage, the same is not true for Louis. Louis had to be elected by the Greats - the nobles whose power had been growing steadily - and they conceded only after having received countships and additional powers. Moreover, Louis had to accept the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Hughes, Marquis of Neustria who also received the countship of Tours. He died 16 months later while making preparations to reprimand Bernard, Duke of Septimanie. Upon his death, nobles, looking to enhance their own power saw the kingdom partitioned between Louis III and Carloman, who were both crowned and anointed at Ferrières in September 879 by Ansegis, Archbishop of Sens. Louis III's portion comprised Francia and Neustria, and Carloman ruled Burgundy, Aquitaine and Gothia. Married between 0868 and 0869: Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris,, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N? Died: on 11 Apr 879 at France at age 32 Louis II died sooner than expected after having divided his kingdom between his two sons, Louis III and Carloman. To the older son went Francia and Neustria; and to the younger went Bourgogne, Aquitaine and the Marche of Spain. This creation of two kingdoms is highly disputed because the two sons are not viewed by some as legitimate because Charles le Chauve had not officially recognized Louis marriage to Ansgarde. Louis was not favored, and on 15 October 879, Provence and Bourgogne recognize Richilde's (Charles le Chauve's widow) brother, Bozon. Moreover, Louis, son of Louis le Germanique, also lays claim to the throne of France. Thus, to make matters rather complicated there exists three kings of France at this time.

1703. Adélaïde=Adelheid11 de Paris (Rosamond.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 245, Line 350-38.) (Augé.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 855, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermentrude was born. Married between 0868 and 0869: Louis II, King de France,, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Died: after 10 Nov 901.

1704. Éberhard III, Count11 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 46, Line 65-38; Page 150, Line 202-39.). AKA: Éberhard III, Count von Nordgau. AKA: Ebberhard, Count of Hamelant. AKA: Eberhard III, Count von Ortengau. AKA: Eberhard III, Count von Argau. AKA: Eberhard III, Duke de Friesland. Note -: Eberhard III was captured by the Norsemen and ransomed by his mother Evesna. Born: before 866, son of Eberhard II, Count de Nordgau and Evesna=Evesa N?, Eberhard III was Count in the Nordgau in 881 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by that time. Married before 885: Aelinde N? Died: after 898 Eberhard III was murdered while in pursuit of Walcher, Count of Friesland, and son of Gerold de Fries.

1705. Aelinde11 N? (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.). Married Name: d'Alsace. Born: before 870. Married before 885: Éberhard III, Count d'Alsace,, son of Eberhard II, Count de Nordgau and Evesna=Evesa N?

1710. N?11 N? Married before 890: Ermentrude, Princess de France,, daughter of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris.

1711. Ermentrude, Princess11 de France. Born: circa 870, daughter of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris. Married before 890: N? N?

1712. Gebhard, Count11 von Nieder-Lhangau (Stuart, Page 245, Line 351-39.). Born: before 832, son of Udo, Count de Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?, Gebhard was alive in the year 832. Married before 873: N? N? Died: after 879 Gebhard was alive in the year 879.

1713. N?11 N? Married before 873: Gebhard, Count von Nieder-Lhangau,, son of Udo, Count de Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?

1716. Pépin II, Lord11 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-38.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin Saint-Quentin took its name from the missionary Caius Quintinus, decapitated in 287 (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Pépin II, Prince of Italy. AKA: Pépin, Count de Vermandois. Born: in 817 at Saint Quentin, Vermandois, France, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Married before 840: N? N? Died: in 845.

1717. N?11 N? Married before 840: Pépin II, Lord de Péronne,, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N?

1718. Guérin I, Count11 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-38.). Born: before 844 Guérin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Eve de Roussillon,, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours.

1719. Eve11 de Roussillon (Ibid.). Married Name: de Morvois. Born: before 847 at France, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours, Eve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Guérin I, Count de Morvois.

1728. Rutpert III, Count11 de Wormsgau (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-39.). Born: before 798, son of Robert II, Count de Wormsgau and Théodédrata N?, Rutpert III is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Waldrada. Married in 808: Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans,, daughter of Hadrian, Lord de Wormsgau and Waldrade=Waldrat de Hornbach. Died: circa 834 Rutpert III was alive in the year 834.

1729. Waldrada=Wiltrud11 d'Orléans (Ibid.). Married Name: de Wormsgau. Born: before 798, daughter of Hadrian, Lord de Wormsgau and Waldrade=Waldrat de Hornbach, Waldrada is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Rutpert III. Married in 808: Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau,, son of Robert II, Count de Wormsgau and Théodédrata N?

1730. Hughes, Count11 de Tours (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-41; Page 164, Line 224-38.). AKA: Hughes, Count de Bourges. Also Known As: Hughes "Le Méfiant." AKA: Hughes, Comte d'Alsace (Abbott, Page 538.). Born: circa 765 at France, son of Luitfride II, Count d'Alsace and Hiltrude N? Married before 807 at France: Aba N? Died: in Sep 836 at France.

1731. Aba11 N? (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-41.). Married Name: de Tours. Born: circa 779 at France. Married before 807 at France: Hughes, Count de Tours,, son of Luitfride II, Count d'Alsace and Hiltrude N? Died: after 837 at France Aba was alive in the year 837.

1732. Pépin II, Lord11 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-38.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin Saint-Quentin took its name from the missionary Caius Quintinus, decapitated in 287 (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Pépin II, Prince of Italy. AKA: Pépin, Count de Vermandois. Born: in 817 at Saint Quentin, Vermandois, France, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Married before 840: N? N? Died: in 845.

1733. N?11 N? Married before 840: Pépin II, Lord de Péronne,, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N?

1734. Guérin I, Count11 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-38.). Born: before 844 Guérin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Eve de Roussillon,, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours.

1735. Eve11 de Roussillon (Ibid.). Married Name: de Morvois. Born: before 847 at France, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours, Eve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Guérin I, Count de Morvois.

1736. Liudolf, Dux11 de Saxe. AKA: Ludolph, Count von Herzfeld (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Born: in 816, son of Viguebert, Dux de Saxe and Simicille de Frisé, Liudolf'd parentage is in question with some sources asserting he was the son of Viguebert by Simicille while others claim he was the son of Bruno, by Oda. Married before 835: Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie,, daughter of Billung, Count de Turinge and Aeda N? Died: between 0866 and 0880 Liudolf is buried at Brunohaussen.

1737. Oda de Franconia, Princess11 d'Austrasie (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-38.) (Rosamond.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: in 806, daughter of Billung, Count de Turinge and Aeda N? (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Married before 835: Liudolf, Dux de Saxe,, son of Viguebert, Dux de Saxe and Simicille de Frisé. Died: either 0912 or 0913 According to Perro's sources, Oda was 107 years old when she died in 913 (Ibid.).

1738. Arnulf, Emperor of11 Germany (Augé.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-39.). AKA: Arnoul "Le Germanique." Born: in 850, son of Carloman, King de Bavière and Liutswind N? Married before 863: Oda de Bavière,, daughter of Theodore de Bavière and N? N? Married before 870: Winburg N? (She was one of three concubines). AKA: Arnoul, Duke de Carinthie. AKA: Arnoul, King de Lotharingie (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Arnoul, King de Bavière (Ibid.). AKA: Arnoul, King of Italy (Ibid.). AKA: Arnoul, Emperor of the Occident (Ibid.). Died: on 29 Nov 899 at Regensburg, Ratisbonne, Bavaria, Germany (von Redlich, Page 124.).

1739. Oda11 de Bavière (Augé.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-39.). Married Name: Oda of Germany. Born: before 848, daughter of Theodore de Bavière and N? N?, Oda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Hadwige was born. Married before 863: Arnulf, Emperor of Germany,, son of Carloman, King de Bavière and Liutswind N? Died: after 893.

1740. N.11 von Threkwitigau (Stuart, Page 240, Line 339-38.). Born: before 838, son of Walbert von Threkwitigau and Altburg de Saxe, He is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Théodoric was born. Married before 855: Mathilda von Ittergau,, daughter of Echbert, Count von Ittergau and Ida N?

1741. Mathilda11 von Ittergau. Married Name: von Threkwitigau. Born: before 834, daughter of Echbert, Count von Ittergau and Ida N? Married before 855: N. von Threkwitigau,, son of Walbert von Threkwitigau and Altburg de Saxe. Died: after 909 Mathilda was alive in the year 909.

1742. Lothaire=Lothar II, King11 de Lorraine (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.) (Castelot, Tome I, Page 384.) (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 827, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Married circa 855: Teutberge de Valois,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Note - between 0855 and 0869: Lothaire II was the King of Lorraine from 855 to 869. He married Teutberge de Valois whom he repudiated in favor of his concubine Walrade. From 858 until 869 he battled to get rid of his wife. This cost him the court of Rome, and an excommunication by the Church, for which he had to beg the pardon of the Pope. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence in 863, Lothar II would get the center of Charles' Kingdom (since Charles had no son). Divorced Teutberge de Valois: in 862. Married on 25 Dec 862: Waldrade d'Alsace (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: on 8 Aug 869 at Piacenza, Italy, Having no sons upon his death, Lothar II's lands reverted to his sole surviving brother Louis II.

1743. Waldrade11 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.). Born: before 842 (Stuart.). Married on 25 Dec 862: Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: after 868 She was a nun when she died (Stuart.).

1744. Ranulf I = Rorgo, Comte11 de Poitou (Stuart, Page 118, Line 163-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Robert Carver [ID #MNDY85D], 27 June 1995 at 13:22 Hours citing Pierre Riché's "The Carolingians", University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993, P. 193.) (Abbott, Page 402.) (Rosamond.). AKA: Rannoux, Count d'Auvergne (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Rainulf I, Duke d'Aquitaine Rainulf I was Duke d'Aquitaine in the year 852 (Abbott, Page 303.). Born: before 810, son of Gérard I, Count d'Auvergne and Hildegarde=Mathilde de France, Rorgo is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Louis was born. Married before 824: Rotrude de France,, daughter of Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau (Rotrude was Ranulf I's first wife). Married in 845: Richilde du Maine,, daughter of Rorgo, Count du Maine and Bilihildis N? (She was Ranulf I's second wife). Died: in Oct 866 at Brissarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France, Ranulf I was killed in action by the Normans. Despite intervening difficulties, his son, Ranulf II, would propel himself and his family into a leading position in Aquitaine.

1745. Richilde11 du Maine (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (Stuart, Page 118, Line 163-38.). Married Name: de Poitou. Born: before 833 at France, daughter of Rorgo, Count du Maine and Bilihildis N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Ranulf II was born. Married in 845: Ranulf I = Rorgo, Comte de Poitou,, son of Gérard I, Count d'Auvergne and Hildegarde=Mathilde de France (She was Ranulf I's second wife).

1752. Eystein11 Ivarsson (Stuart, Page 28, Line 44-39; Page 123, Line 166-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Eystein, Jarl in Hedemarken. AKA: Eystein Glumra, Comte des Hautes-Terres. Note -: Eistain Glumra, he was the Jarl of Hedemarken (the Uplands of Norway). E.S. [via Paul Theroff] indicates he was the earliest documentable ancestor of the Dukes of Normandy. AKA: Eystein "Le Bruyant." Born: circa 805, son of Ivar Oplaendinge and Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim. Married before 830: Aseda Rognvaldotter,, daughter of Rognvald Olafsson and N? N?

1753. Aseda11 Rognvaldotter (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-37.). AKA: Aseda Rognvaldsson. Married Name: Ivarsson. AKA: Ascrida Rognvaldsdottir. Born: circa 812 at Maer, Norway, daughter of Rognvald Olafsson and N? N? Married before 830: Eystein Ivarsson,, son of Ivar Oplaendinge and Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim.

1754. Hrolf11 Nefja (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.). Born: before 833 Hrolf is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Rognhild was born. Married before 848: N? N?

1755. N?11 N? Married before 848: Hrolf Nefja.

1756. Judicaël, Duke11 de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Judicaël, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 839 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, Judicaël became Duke in 877 and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Bérenger, was born. Married before 856: N? N? Note - in 877 at Rennes, Bretagne, France: Judicaël was a direct descendant of Judicaël I, King of the Brittons (of Bretagne), venerated by them as nearly a saint. The Count of Rennes (capital city of Bretagne) became Duke de Bretagne in 877. Died: in 888 Judicaël was killed in action.

1757. N?11 N? Married before 856: Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne.

1758. Gurvand, Duke11 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Augé.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Gurvand, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 820 at Rennes, Bretagne, France Gurvand was Comte de Rennes in 851, and is is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Judicaël, was born. Married before 838: N? de Bretagne,, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? Died: in 877.

1759. N?11 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 824, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 838: Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne. Note - in 857: She was the heiress of Bretagne. Died: after 857.

1760. Boson, King11 de Provence (Rosamond, Page 259.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 215.) (Stuart, Page 241, Line 343-39.) (Abbott, Page 499.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). AKA: Boson II, King de Bourgogne Boson II became King of Lower Burgundy in 879. AKA: Boson II, Comte de Vienne Boson II became Count of Vienne in 870. AKA: Boson II, Count de Bourges. Born: before 854, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, Boson II is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he became Count. Note - between 0869 and 0882: In 869, Boson II's sister Richilde married Charles the Bald. In 871, he was made Count of Vienne, and became the Count of Bourges a year later. After arranging an exchange with Count Theudebert of Vermandois, Boson also acquired the Countship of Autun, so that his territory included most of Burgundy and Provence including the regions of the Lyonnais and Viennois. When Charles the Bald was crowned emperor in 875, he made Boson his dux et missus Italiae sacrique palatii archiminister. In other words, Boson ruled Italy for Charles, and once there took the opportunity to marry Ermengarde, daughter of Emperor Louis II. He was the King of Provence from 879 to 887, being elected at Montaille (near Vienne) on 15-Oct-879 the King of Burgundy. As soon as he was crowned, he consolidated his position, appointed the powerful bishop of Autun, Adalgar as his archchancellor, and made Geilo, Abbot of Tournus, the bishop of Langres. There was also some collusion between Boson and his Lotharingian countrymen who had rallied in support of Hugh, Lothar II's bastard, in his attempt to claim the right to rule Lotharingia. Boson's elevation and Hugh's pretentions had the effect of uniting all the Carolingians - Louis the Younger (Le Jeune), Charles the Fat (Le Gros), Louis III and Carloman - and their supporters against him. Hugh was dealt with quickly, but Boson presented a more serious obstacle to Charles Le Gros as well as to Carloman and Hugh the Abbot. Charles seized the Italian lands of Boso's mother-in-law Engelberge, kidnapped Engelberge herself, appropriated the temporal of the archbishopric of Besançon and occupied Lausanne. By 881, Boson had lost the Jura and transjurane region to Charles Le Gros. The county of Autun was conferred on Richard, Boson's brother, who supported Carloman from then on. In 882, Vienne was attacked by the Frankish army under Richard who captured Boson's wife and his daughter. Abandoned by the Pope, his brother and his chancellor who defected to Charles Le Gros, and forsaken by the bishops and counts, Boson died in historical obscurity. Married in 876 at France: Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: on 11 Jan 887 at Vienne, Isère, Dauphiné, France.

1761. Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of11 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Rosamond, Page 259.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-40.). Married Name: Ermengarde, Queen de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 852, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète. Married in 876 at France: Boson, King de Provence,, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: in 896.

1764. Bernard II, Count11 d'Auvergne (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Bernard, Count de Rodez. AKA: Bernard Plantevelue (Abbott, Page 302.). AKA: Bernard, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard, Count de Nevers Bernard became Comte de Nevers upon the death of Eudes de Troyes circa 870. The County passed to his son Guillaume (Abbott, Page 182.). Born: on 22 Mar 841 at Uzès, Poitou, France, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N?, The Manual of Dhuoda records the birth "XI Kal Apr", in the year following the death of Emperor Louis, at "Uzecia urbes" of the second child [Bernard] of Doda and her husband Bernard (Bondurand, Le manuel de Dhuoda, Introduction, 5, p. 52.). Married before 860 at France: Ermengarde de Mâcon,, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.). Died: on 16 Aug 886 at age 45 Bernard was killed. Some sources indicate this was on 22 June 885; others on 6 January 886.

1765. Ermengarde11 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). Married Name: d'Auvergne. Born: circa 845 at Mâcon, Maconnais, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when she died (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 860 at France: Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne,, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.).

1766. Boson, King11 de Provence (Rosamond, Page 259.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 215.) (Stuart, Page 241, Line 343-39.) (Abbott, Page 499.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). AKA: Boson II, King de Bourgogne Boson II became King of Lower Burgundy in 879. AKA: Boson II, Comte de Vienne Boson II became Count of Vienne in 870. AKA: Boson II, Count de Bourges. Born: before 854, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, Boson II is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he became Count. Note - between 0869 and 0882: In 869, Boson II's sister Richilde married Charles the Bald. In 871, he was made Count of Vienne, and became the Count of Bourges a year later. After arranging an exchange with Count Theudebert of Vermandois, Boson also acquired the Countship of Autun, so that his territory included most of Burgundy and Provence including the regions of the Lyonnais and Viennois. When Charles the Bald was crowned emperor in 875, he made Boson his dux et missus Italiae sacrique palatii archiminister. In other words, Boson ruled Italy for Charles, and once there took the opportunity to marry Ermengarde, daughter of Emperor Louis II. He was the King of Provence from 879 to 887, being elected at Montaille (near Vienne) on 15-Oct-879 the King of Burgundy. As soon as he was crowned, he consolidated his position, appointed the powerful bishop of Autun, Adalgar as his archchancellor, and made Geilo, Abbot of Tournus, the bishop of Langres. There was also some collusion between Boson and his Lotharingian countrymen who had rallied in support of Hugh, Lothar II's bastard, in his attempt to claim the right to rule Lotharingia. Boson's elevation and Hugh's pretentions had the effect of uniting all the Carolingians - Louis the Younger (Le Jeune), Charles the Fat (Le Gros), Louis III and Carloman - and their supporters against him. Hugh was dealt with quickly, but Boson presented a more serious obstacle to Charles Le Gros as well as to Carloman and Hugh the Abbot. Charles seized the Italian lands of Boso's mother-in-law Engelberge, kidnapped Engelberge herself, appropriated the temporal of the archbishopric of Besançon and occupied Lausanne. By 881, Boson had lost the Jura and transjurane region to Charles Le Gros. The county of Autun was conferred on Richard, Boson's brother, who supported Carloman from then on. In 882, Vienne was attacked by the Frankish army under Richard who captured Boson's wife and his daughter. Abandoned by the Pope, his brother and his chancellor who defected to Charles Le Gros, and forsaken by the bishops and counts, Boson died in historical obscurity. Married in 876 at France: Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: on 11 Jan 887 at Vienne, Isère, Dauphiné, France.

1767. Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of11 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Rosamond, Page 259.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-40.). Married Name: Ermengarde, Queen de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 852, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète. Married in 876 at France: Boson, King de Provence,, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: in 896.

1768. Boson, King11 de Provence (Rosamond, Page 259.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 215.) (Stuart, Page 241, Line 343-39.) (Abbott, Page 499.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). AKA: Boson II, King de Bourgogne Boson II became King of Lower Burgundy in 879. AKA: Boson II, Comte de Vienne Boson II became Count of Vienne in 870. AKA: Boson II, Count de Bourges. Born: before 854, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, Boson II is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he became Count. Note - between 0869 and 0882: In 869, Boson II's sister Richilde married Charles the Bald. In 871, he was made Count of Vienne, and became the Count of Bourges a year later. After arranging an exchange with Count Theudebert of Vermandois, Boson also acquired the Countship of Autun, so that his territory included most of Burgundy and Provence including the regions of the Lyonnais and Viennois. When Charles the Bald was crowned emperor in 875, he made Boson his dux et missus Italiae sacrique palatii archiminister. In other words, Boson ruled Italy for Charles, and once there took the opportunity to marry Ermengarde, daughter of Emperor Louis II. He was the King of Provence from 879 to 887, being elected at Montaille (near Vienne) on 15-Oct-879 the King of Burgundy. As soon as he was crowned, he consolidated his position, appointed the powerful bishop of Autun, Adalgar as his archchancellor, and made Geilo, Abbot of Tournus, the bishop of Langres. There was also some collusion between Boson and his Lotharingian countrymen who had rallied in support of Hugh, Lothar II's bastard, in his attempt to claim the right to rule Lotharingia. Boson's elevation and Hugh's pretentions had the effect of uniting all the Carolingians - Louis the Younger (Le Jeune), Charles the Fat (Le Gros), Louis III and Carloman - and their supporters against him. Hugh was dealt with quickly, but Boson presented a more serious obstacle to Charles Le Gros as well as to Carloman and Hugh the Abbot. Charles seized the Italian lands of Boso's mother-in-law Engelberge, kidnapped Engelberge herself, appropriated the temporal of the archbishopric of Besançon and occupied Lausanne. By 881, Boson had lost the Jura and transjurane region to Charles Le Gros. The county of Autun was conferred on Richard, Boson's brother, who supported Carloman from then on. In 882, Vienne was attacked by the Frankish army under Richard who captured Boson's wife and his daughter. Abandoned by the Pope, his brother and his chancellor who defected to Charles Le Gros, and forsaken by the bishops and counts, Boson died in historical obscurity. Married in 876 at France: Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: on 11 Jan 887 at Vienne, Isère, Dauphiné, France.

1769. Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of11 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Rosamond, Page 259.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-40.). Married Name: Ermengarde, Queen de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 852, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète. Married in 876 at France: Boson, King de Provence,, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: in 896.

1770. Léo VI, Empereur11 de l'Orient (Augé.). AKA: Leo VI, Emperor of the East. Also Known As: Léo "Le Philisophe." Note -: Léo VI was the Emperor of the Orient from 886 to 912. He was responsible for the legislative and administrative works of Basil I. He had to fight the Arabs and was beatten by the Bulgares. Born: on 1 Sep 866, son of Basil I, Empereur de l'Orient and Eudocia=Ingerina N? Married before 886: Zoe Tzautzina,, daughter of Stylianos Tzautzes and N? N? Died: on 12 May 912 at age 45.

1771. Zoe11 Tzautzina (Stuart, Page 187.). Married Name: de l'Orient. Born: before 871, daughter of Stylianos Tzautzes and N? N?, Zoe is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Anna was born. Married before 886: Léo VI, Empereur de l'Orient,, son of Basil I, Empereur de l'Orient and Eudocia=Ingerina N?

1772. Richard, Vicomte11 de Troyes (Stuart, Page 132, Line 173-38. ) (Stuart.). Born: before 853, son of Thierry I, Count d'Autun and Auda N?, Richard is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Garnier was born. Married before 868: N? N? Died: after 885 Richard was alive in the year 883 and also in 885.

1773. N?11 N? Married before 868: Richard, Vicomte de Troyes,, son of Thierry I, Count d'Autun and Auda N?

1774. Thibaud, Count11 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 214.) (Stuart, Page 133, Line 174-38.). AKA: Thibaud, Count de Provence. AKA: Thibaud, Count d'Arles. AKA: Theobald, Count de Vienne. Born: before 864, son of Hubert=Herbert, Duke de Bourgogne and N? N? Married circa 879: Berthe, Princess de Lorraine,, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Died: in 890.

1775. Berthe, Princess11 de Lorraine (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-38.) (Abbott, Page 499.). Married Name: de Toscane. Born: in 863 at France, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Married circa 879: Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne,, son of Hubert=Herbert, Duke de Bourgogne and N? N? Married between 0896 and 0898: Adalbert II, Margrave de Toscane,, son of Adalbert I, Count de Lucca and Rohaut=Rothieda de Spoleto. Died: on 8 Mar 925 at bur Lucca.

1776. Tertulle11 d'Auxerre (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-39.). AKA: Tertulle, Seneschal de Gâtinais. Born: before 826 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Hughes, Count d'Auxerre and N? N?, Tertulle is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Ingelger was born. Married before 844 at France: Pétronille de Bourgogne. Died: circa 877 at France (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.).

1777. Pétronille11 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: in 825 at France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 844 at France: Tertulle d'Auxerre,, son of Hughes, Count d'Auxerre and N? N?

1778. Fouques, Comte Palatine11 de Châtillon-sur-Indre. AKA: Fulco, Vicomte d'Anjou (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: before 829, son of Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris and N? N? AKA: Fulco, Fondateur de Bonneval (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). AKA: Fulco, Miles de Châteaudun (Ibid.). Married before 844: N? d'Amboise,, daughter of N?, Seigneur d'Amboise and N? de Nantes. Died: between 0859 and 0865 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.).

1779. N?11 d'Amboise (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 220, 223, 225.). AKA: N?, Dame d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.). Born: before 829, daughter of N?, Seigneur d'Amboise and N? de Nantes (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 844: Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre,, son of Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris and N? N? Married Name: de Châtillon-sur-Indre.

1780. Adalard, Seigneur11 de Loches (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224-225.). AKA: Adalard, Seigneur de La Haye (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224 - 225.). AKA: Adalard, Seigneur de Villentrois (Ibid.). Born: circa 825, son of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 855: N? N? AKA: Adalard, Vicomte d'Amboise (Ibid.). Died: after 864 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.).

1781. N?11 N? Married before 855: Adalard, Seigneur de Loches,, son of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris.

1784. Geoffrey?11 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-38.) (Stuart.). Died: at France. Born: before 836 at France, son of Bouchard d'Orléans and N? N? Married before 855: N? N?

1785. N?11 N? Married before 855: Geoffrey? d'Orléans,, son of Bouchard d'Orléans and N? N?

1790. Bernard II, Count11 d'Auvergne (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Bernard, Count de Rodez. AKA: Bernard Plantevelue (Abbott, Page 302.). AKA: Bernard, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard, Count de Nevers Bernard became Comte de Nevers upon the death of Eudes de Troyes circa 870. The County passed to his son Guillaume (Abbott, Page 182.). Born: on 22 Mar 841 at Uzès, Poitou, France, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N?, The Manual of Dhuoda records the birth "XI Kal Apr", in the year following the death of Emperor Louis, at "Uzecia urbes" of the second child [Bernard] of Doda and her husband Bernard (Bondurand, Le manuel de Dhuoda, Introduction, 5, p. 52.). Married before 860 at France: Ermengarde de Mâcon,, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.). Died: on 16 Aug 886 at age 45 Bernard was killed. Some sources indicate this was on 22 June 885; others on 6 January 886.

1791. Ermengarde11 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). Married Name: d'Auvergne. Born: circa 845 at Mâcon, Maconnais, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when she died (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 860 at France: Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne,, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.).

1824. Constantine I, King of11 Scotland (Stuart, Page 120, Line 165-38.). AKA: Constantin I, King of Alba (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I832.html as of 28 October 1998.). AKA: Constantin I, King of Picts (Ibid.). Born: circa 836, son of Kenneth I, King of Scots and N? N? Married before 862: N? N? AKA: Constantin I, King of Scots (Ibid.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 52.). Note - between 0862 and 0877 at Scotland: According to Internet sources, Contantine succeeded to the kingship upon his Uncle Donald I's death in 862. His reign was marked by Viking raids and expansion into Strathclyde. He was succeeded by his brother Aed. According to Stuart, Constantine was the King of Scotland 863-877. According to Ross, Constantine faced his first Norse attack in 864, when he had been King scarcely more than a year. It was made by Olaf The White from , one of Constantine's brothers in law. By 871, Olaf had ceased to be a threat, and may have been killed by Constantine. Constantine arranged, in 872, for the murder of Run, King of Strathclyde who married one of Constantine's own sisters, and it is possible that at this time, the Kingdom became more dependent on Scotia. In 875, Thorsten The Red, was also defeated and killed by Constantine (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 23.). Died: either 0876 or 0877 at Black Cave or Cove, near Crail, Forgan, , Scotland, According to Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners", Constantine was slain in battle with the Norsemen (the Danes) at Black Cove in 877. According to the Internet sources, Constantine I died in 876. Ross indicates that a sinister party known as the Black Strangers [Danes], had been driven from Dublin and had established themselves in Fife. From there they launched raids on Constantine, eventually slaying him in battle. Saint Constantin's Feast Day is 2 April (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I832.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 23.).

1825. N?11 N? Married before 862: Constantine I, King of Scotland,, son of Kenneth I, King of Scots and N? N?

1920. Elfred, King of11 Wessex (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-39.). AKA: Alfred, King of England. Also Known As: Alfred=Elfred "The Great." Born: in 849 at Wantage, Berkshire, England, son of Aethelwulf, King of England and Osburh of England (Stuart, Page 171. ). Married in 869: Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia,, daughter of Aethelred Mucil and Eadburh=Edburga of Mercia (Some sources indicate Elfred and Ealhswit were married in 868) (Stuart, Page 171. ) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Anjanette Lofgren [Prodigy ID# ASZR36A] under Subject "England", 7 March 1996 at 14:03 Hours.). Note - between 0871 and 0886: Elfred succeeded his brother, Aethelred as King of Wessex in April, 871 [even though Aethelred had children of his own]. He was almost constantly at war with the Danes from 876 [the first recorded event of his reign was a battle he fought against the whole Danish Army at Wilton, in 871] until his death. During 871, nine general engagements were fought against the Danish army in the kingdom South of the Thames, besides the expeditions which the King's brother Alfred and other earldormen and king's Thegns often rode on. That year, nine Danish earls were killed and one king. He fought major battles in Ashdown, Ethedun and Edington. Between 865 and 873, the kingdoms of Northumbria, East Anglia and Mercia had been destroyed in battle. Wessex alone retained its dynasty and territorial integrity. His capture of London in 886 led to general recognition of his leadership over all the English thought technically ruler of Wessex and Mercia only. Very educated, he translated into Anglo-Saxon the Pastoral Care of Pope Gregory I, Orosius' Seven Books of History Against the Pagans, Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy and part of St. Augustine of Hippo's Soliloquies. He was the Founder of Oxford University. By popular acclaim, he is said to have invented the Royal Navy, the Shires [and therefore, county Cricket] and the Church of England (Fisher, Pg. 216.). Died: on 26 Oct 899 at England Carr's "Dictionary of English Kings, Consorts, Pretenders, Usurpers, Un-Natural Claimants and Royal Athelings" indicates that Alfred died in 901 at age 52 of an inexplicit but persistent malady, and that for 1,200 years [!!!!], he has reigned First in Peace [only a warped British mind could conceive of one involved in at least 3 major battles and over 53 not-so-major armed conflicts as a peace-maker -- Americans would follow suit in the 20th. Century by naming a multiple warhead nuclear missile a "Peacemaker" -- as anything close to a peace monger], First in War, and first in the hearts of his Countrymen [presumably also for the next couple of hundred years as well.

1921. Ealhswit = Ethelswitha11 Sighelm of Mercia (Stuart, Page 174, Line 238-39.) (Stuart, Page 174.) (Ibid.). AKA: Walhswith, Queen of England. Born: circa 852 at Mercia, England, daughter of Aethelred Mucil and Eadburh=Edburga of Mercia (Stuart, Page 174. ). Married in 869: Elfred, King of Wessex,, son of Aethelwulf, King of England and Osburh of England (Some sources indicate Elfred and Ealhswit were married in 868) (Stuart, Page 171. ) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Anjanette Lofgren [Prodigy ID# ASZR36A] under Subject "England", 7 March 1996 at 14:03 Hours.). Died: either 904 or 5 Dec 905 at England (Stuart, Page 174.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., posted by Anjanette Lofgren [Prodigy ID# ASZR36A] under Subject "England", 7 March 1996 at 14:03 Hours.).

1922. Sigehelm, Earldorman of11 Kent (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-38.). Born: before 881 Sigehelm is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Eadgifu was born. Married before 896: N? N? Died: after 962 at England (Stuart, Page 171.).

1923. N?11 N? Married before 896: Sigehelm, Earldorman of Kent.

2000. Gebhard, Count11 de Wetterau (Stuart, Page 245, Line 351-38.). AKA: Gebhard, Count von Rhinegau. AKA: Gerhard, Count de Metzgau (Stuart, Page 79, Line 104-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "de Lorraine", 10 July 1995 at 13:24 Hours.). AKA: Gebhard, Duke de Lorraine. Born: before 888, son of Gebhard, Count von Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?, Gebhard is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son Eudes was born. Married before 905: Oda de Saxe,, daughter of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière. Married before 907: N? N? Died: on 29 Jun 910 Gebhard was slain in battle.

2001. N?11 N? Married before 907: Gebhard, Count de Wetterau,, son of Gebhard, Count von Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?

2002. Herbert I, Lord11 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Herbert I, Count de Vermandois. AKA: Herbert I, Count de Soissons. AKA: Herbert I, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Herbert I, Lord de Saint-Quentin. Born: circa 840 at Péronne, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?, Péronne was taken by Wellington in 1815 and by the Germans in January, 1871. It was occupied again by them from 24 September 1914 to 8 September 1918. Married before 880 at France: Béatrice de Morvois,, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Died: either 0890 or 0902 Herbert I was murdered [some sources say in 890, others claim it was in 902].

2003. Béatrice11 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-37.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 22 July 1994 at 00:09 Hours.). Married Name: de Péronne. Born: circa 862, daughter of Guérin I, Count de Morvois and Eve de Roussillon. Married before 880 at France: Herbert I, Lord de Péronne,, son of Pépin II, Lord de Péronne and N? N?

2008. Rudolphe I, King11 de Bourgogne (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-36.) (Abbott, Page 500.). Born: in 872, son of Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre and Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Note - between 0880 and 0911: Rodolphe I was King of the Transjurane Burgundy from the year 880 (8 years old) to 911. Married in 888: Willa de Vienne,, daughter of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy. Died: on 25 Oct 911.

2009. Willa11 de Vienne (Stuart, Page 241, Line 343-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:51 Hours.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Married Name: de Lombardie. Born: before 880, daughter of Boson, King de Provence and Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy, Willa is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Rodolphe II was born. Married in 888: Rudolphe I, King de Bourgogne,, son of Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre and Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Married in 912: Hughes, King de Lombardie,, son of Thibaud, Count de Bourgogne and Berthe, Princess de Lorraine (Willa was Hughes' first wife). Died: on 14 Jun 929.

2010. Burckhardt, Duke11 de Souabe (Stuart, Page 242, Line 345-38.) (Augé.). Born: circa 885, son of Berkhard, Count de Bar and N? N? Married before 911: Régelinde de Thurgovie,, daughter of Éberhard II, Count de Thurgovie and Gisèle de Nullenburg. Died: on 29 Apr 926 at Ivrea Burckhardt was slain in battle.

2011. Régelinde11 de Thurgovie (Stuart, Page 242, Line 345-38.). Married Name: de Souabe. Born: before 896, daughter of Éberhard II, Count de Thurgovie and Gisèle de Nullenburg, Régelinde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Berthe was born. Married before 911: Burckhardt, Duke de Souabe,, son of Berkhard, Count de Bar and N? N?

2012. Charles III, King11 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Rosamond, Page 308.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-37.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 387.). Also Known As: Charles "Le Simple." Born: on 17 Sep 879 at Clermont, Oise, France, son of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris. Note - between 0893 and 0929: Charles III was the posthumous son of Louis "Le Bègue", and was crowned King in 893 by Fouques, Archbishop of Reims, with the full support of Odon's brother Robert, Richard of Burgundy, William of the Auvergne and Herbert of Vermandois. Baldwin (Baudouin) of Flanders made his submission later. He was a rival of the effective King, the Count Eudes who, upon Odon's death in 898, recognized Charles' rights. With the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911), Charles gave Normandy to the Viking Chief Rollon making him first Duke of Normandy, and pacifying the Seine Vikings. That year, 911, Charles also became King of Lotharingia, which may have been related in part to the fact that his first wife, Frederuna who bore him 6 daughters, was Lotharingian. He revived the title Rex Francorum. In 919, when Charles fought the Magyars, none of the nobles except for Heriveus, the Archbishop of Reims sent him any troops for assistance. In 920, Robert led a revolt against Charles. Some Lotharingian nobles, led by Gilbert (Gislebert) son of Ragnar Longneck, declared their independence from Charles' authority. Gilbert invoked the aid of the new ruler of the East Franks, a Saxon known as Henry "the Fowler" ("l'Oiseleur"). Charles, after quelling the resistance of the Lotharingian Count Ricoin made a treaty with Henry at Bonn in 921. They met on equal terms as Rex Francorum Occidentalium (Charles) and Rex Francorum Orientalium (Henry). Charles was deposed in 922 by Herbert, Count of Vermandois upon the death of his main supporter, Richard of Burgundy. Charles and his favorite Hagano fled to hide in Lotharingia. During his absence, Robert was elected King and crowned by Walter, Archbishop of Sens under the nose of Heriveus who was on his deathbed (he died 3 days later). Charles met Robert in battle at Soissons on 15 June 923. Robert was killed, but the forces led by his son Hugh and by Herbert of Vermandois defeated the King's army and Charles retreated. On 13 July 923, a new King Ralph, the eldest son of Richard The of Burgundy was elected King and anointed in the Church of St. Médard at Soissons by Walter, Archbishop of Sens. Married between 0905 and 0929: N. concubines (Charles Le Simple had several concubines throughout his adulthood). Married in Apr 907: Frédérune de Lotharingie,, daughter of Dietrich, Count de Lotharingie and N? N? (Charles III Le Simple had 6 daughters with Frédérune, his first wife). Married in 917: Eadgifu=Ogive=Hadwige, Princess of England,, daughter of Edward I, King of England and Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent. Died: on 7 Oct 929 at Péronne, Somme, France, at age 50 Charles was murdered while in captivity at the Tower of Péronne on 7-Oct-929. Charles III is buried at Saint Fursy.

2013. Eadgifu=Ogive=Hadwige, Princess of11 England (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 192, Line 261-37.). Married Name: de France. Married Name: de Vermandois. Born: before 903, daughter of Edward I, King of England and Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent. Married in 917: Charles III, King de France,, son of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris. Married in 951: Herbert, Count de Vermandois,, son of Herbert II, Count de Vermandois and Hildebrante de Neustrie. Died: after 951.

2014. Henri I, Duke11 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 113.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-36.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407.). AKA: Henry I, King of Germany. AKA: Henry I, Emperor of the West. AKA: Henri "l'Oiseleur." Born: in 876 at Saxe, Germany, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière. Married in 909 at Germany: Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim,, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Note - between 0919 and 0936: Henri I became King of Germany upon the death of Conrad I de Saxe in 919. He was King of Germany: 919-936, and founded the Saxon dynasty. King Conrad I designated Henri as his successor in 918 because Henri, as Duke of Saxony, was the only prince strong enough to give order to the East Frankish territories (Germany). Elected King by the Saxons and the Franconians, he quickly forced the duchies of Bavaria and Swabia to acknowledge him. In 925, he seized Lotharingie from the West Franks (France), and won the submission of Bohemia. He defeated the Magyar (933 at Riade), the Slavs and the Danes (934). Married before 936: Hatheburg N? Died: on 2 Jul 936 at Memleben, Saxe, Germany. 2015. Mathilde, Countess11 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-36.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 894 at Memleben, Westphalia, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine. Married in 909 at Germany: Henri I, Duke de Saxe,, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 14 Mar 968 at Quedlinburg, Germany.

2016. Éberhard III, Count11 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 46, Line 65-38; Page 150, Line 202-39.). AKA: Éberhard III, Count von Nordgau. AKA: Ebberhard, Count of Hamelant. AKA: Eberhard III, Count von Ortengau. AKA: Eberhard III, Count von Argau. AKA: Eberhard III, Duke de Friesland. Note -: Eberhard III was captured by the Norsemen and ransomed by his mother Evesna. Born: before 866, son of Eberhard II, Count de Nordgau and Evesna=Evesa N?, Eberhard III was Count in the Nordgau in 881 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by that time. Married before 885: Aelinde N? Died: after 898 Eberhard III was murdered while in pursuit of Walcher, Count of Friesland, and son of Gerold de Fries.

2017. Aelinde11 N? (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.). Married Name: d'Alsace. Born: before 870. Married before 885: Éberhard III, Count d'Alsace,, son of Eberhard II, Count de Nordgau and Evesna=Evesa N?

2022. N?11 N? Married before 890: Ermentrude, Princess de France,, daughter of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris.

2023. Ermentrude, Princess11 de France. Born: circa 870, daughter of Louis II, King de France and Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris. Married before 890: N? N?

2044. Henri I, Duke11 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls, 79, 113.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-36.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 407.). AKA: Henry I, King of Germany. AKA: Henry I, Emperor of the West. AKA: Henri "l'Oiseleur." Born: in 876 at Saxe, Germany, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière. Married in 909 at Germany: Mathilde, Countess de Ringelheim,, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Note - between 0919 and 0936: Henri I became King of Germany upon the death of Conrad I de Saxe in 919. He was King of Germany: 919-936, and founded the Saxon dynasty. King Conrad I designated Henri as his successor in 918 because Henri, as Duke of Saxony, was the only prince strong enough to give order to the East Frankish territories (Germany). Elected King by the Saxons and the Franconians, he quickly forced the duchies of Bavaria and Swabia to acknowledge him. In 925, he seized Lotharingie from the West Franks (France), and won the submission of Bohemia. He defeated the Magyar (933 at Riade), the Slavs and the Danes (934). Married before 936: Hatheburg N? Died: on 2 Jul 936 at Memleben, Saxe, Germany.

2045. Mathilde, Countess11 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-36.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 894 at Memleben, Westphalia, daughter of Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim and Gisèle de Lorraine. Married in 909 at Germany: Henri I, Duke de Saxe,, son of Otton, Dux de Saxe and Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 14 Mar 968 at Quedlinburg, Germany.

--- 12th Generation ---

2112. Cixiliane, Vidâme12 de Narbonne (Stuart, Page 77, Line 101-38.) (Abbott, Page 393.). Born: before 785 at France, son of N? de Narbonne and N? N?, According to Abbot, Cixiliane was Vicomte or Vidâme de Narbonne from 802 to 849. He is presumed to have been at least 17 years of age by that time (Ibid.). Married before 814: N? N? Died: circa 849.

2113. N?12 N? Married before 814: Cixiliane, Vidâme de Narbonne,, son of N? de Narbonne and N? N?

2128. Childebrand II, Lord12 de Pérracy (Stuart, Page 132, Line 173-40.). Born: before 765, son of Nivelon, Lord de Pérracy and N? N?, Childebrand II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Berthe was born. Married before 780: Dune d'Autun,, daughter of Théodoric=Thiérri, Count de Toulouse and Aldane=Audé Martel. Died: circa 830.

2129. Dune12 d'Autun (Ibid.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.) (Ibid.). Married Name: de Pérracy. Born: before 765, daughter of Théodoric=Thiérri, Count de Toulouse and Aldane=Audé Martel, Dune is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Berthe was born. Married before 780: Childebrand II, Lord de Pérracy,, son of Nivelon, Lord de Pérracy and N? N?

2132. Richard, Count12 d'Amiens (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:58 Hours.). Born: before 796 at Lyonnais, France Richard was alive in the year 801, and 825, and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Beuve was born. Married before 813 at France: N? N? Died: in 825.

2133. N?12 N? Married before 813 at France: Richard, Count d'Amiens.

2134. Boson III, Count12 de Turin (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-41.) (Stuart, Page 133.). AKA: Boson, Count de Valois. Also Known As: Boson "Le Vieux." Born: before 799, son of Boson II, Count de Turin and N? N?, Boson III is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 813: N? N? Died: before 855.

2135. N?12 N? (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:51 Hours.). Married before 813: Boson III, Count de Turin,, son of Boson II, Count de Turin and N? N? 2160. Giselbert I, Count12 de Maasgau (Stuart, Page 153, Line 207-40.). Born: before 821 at Belgium, son of Gainfroi, Count de Sens and Theudelinde=Theidlindis de Blois, Giselbert I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Gilbert II was born. Married before 836: N? d'Hesbaye. Died: circa 842.

2161. N?12 d'Hesbaye (Ibid.). Born: before 821 She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Gilbert II was born. She was a sister of Échard, Count d'Hesbaye. Married before 836: Giselbert I, Count de Maasgau,, son of Gainfroi, Count de Sens and Theudelinde=Theidlindis de Blois.

2162. Lothaire I, Emperor of the12 West (Rosamond.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-42; Page 193, Line 263-40; Page 215, Line 302-40.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 369, Pages 371 - 379.). AKA: Lothaire I, King of Italy. AKA: Lothaire I, Emperor of the Occident. AKA: Lothaire, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 795, son of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Note - between 0817 and 0855: Lothaire I was King of Italy (817 - 855). He became Emperor of the Occident in 840. He was defeated at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye in 841 by the coalition of his brothers, Louis the German and Charles the Bald. At the Treaty of Verdun in 843, he was recognized Emperor. In 855, after dividing his kingdom among his sons, he retired at the convent of Prüm. Married on 15 Oct 821: Ermengarde de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: on 28 Sep 855 at Prüm, Germany, Upon the death of Lothar, the Treaty of Verdun begins to unravel. In accordance with custom, his Kingdom is divided among his three sons. Louis II, who inherits the imperial title, along with Italy gets Geneva, Lausanne and Sion. Lothar II gets Lorraine and gives the country his name as Lotharingia. Charles gets the Lyonnais and Provence. These issues are only provisional, since they wouldn't last long (Rosamond, Page 176.).

2163. Ermengarde12 de Tours (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-40.). Married Name: WEST. AKA: Ermengarde d'Orléans. Born: before 810 at France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Lothaire I. Married on 15 Oct 821: Lothaire I, Emperor of the West,, son of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Died: on 20 Mar 851.

2168. Liudolf, Dux12 de Saxe. AKA: Ludolph, Count von Herzfeld (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Born: in 816, son of Viguebert, Dux de Saxe and Simicille de Frisé, Liudolf'd parentage is in question with some sources asserting he was the son of Viguebert by Simicille while others claim he was the son of Bruno, by Oda. Married before 835: Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie,, daughter of Billung, Count de Turinge and Aeda N? Died: between 0866 and 0880 Liudolf is buried at Brunohaussen.

2169. Oda de Franconia, Princess12 d'Austrasie (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-38.) (Rosamond.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: in 806, daughter of Billung, Count de Turinge and Aeda N? (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Married before 835: Liudolf, Dux de Saxe,, son of Viguebert, Dux de Saxe and Simicille de Frisé. Died: either 0912 or 0913 According to Perro's sources, Oda was 107 years old when she died in 913 (Ibid.).

2170. Arnulf, Emperor of12 Germany (Augé.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-39.). AKA: Arnoul "Le Germanique." Born: in 850, son of Carloman, King de Bavière and Liutswind N? Married before 863: Oda de Bavière,, daughter of Theodore de Bavière and N? N? Married before 870: Winburg N? (She was one of three concubines). AKA: Arnoul, Duke de Carinthie. AKA: Arnoul, King de Lotharingie (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Arnoul, King de Bavière (Ibid.). AKA: Arnoul, King of Italy (Ibid.). AKA: Arnoul, Emperor of the Occident (Ibid.). Died: on 29 Nov 899 at Regensburg, Ratisbonne, Bavaria, Germany (von Redlich, Page 124.).

2171. Oda12 de Bavière (Augé.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-39.). Married Name: Oda of Germany. Born: before 848, daughter of Theodore de Bavière and N? N?, Oda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Hadwige was born. Married before 863: Arnulf, Emperor of Germany,, son of Carloman, King de Bavière and Liutswind N? Died: after 893.

2172. N.12 von Threkwitigau (Stuart, Page 240, Line 339-38.). Born: before 838, son of Walbert von Threkwitigau and Altburg de Saxe, He is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Théodoric was born. Married before 855: Mathilda von Ittergau,, daughter of Echbert, Count von Ittergau and Ida N?

2173. Mathilda12 von Ittergau. Married Name: von Threkwitigau. Born: before 834, daughter of Echbert, Count von Ittergau and Ida N? Married before 855: N. von Threkwitigau,, son of Walbert von Threkwitigau and Altburg de Saxe. Died: after 909 Mathilda was alive in the year 909.

2174. Lothaire=Lothar II, King12 de Lorraine (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.) (Castelot, Tome I, Page 384.) (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 827, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Married circa 855: Teutberge de Valois,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Note - between 0855 and 0869: Lothaire II was the King of Lorraine from 855 to 869. He married Teutberge de Valois whom he repudiated in favor of his concubine Walrade. From 858 until 869 he battled to get rid of his wife. This cost him the court of Rome, and an excommunication by the Church, for which he had to beg the pardon of the Pope. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence in 863, Lothar II would get the center of Charles' Kingdom (since Charles had no son). Divorced Teutberge de Valois: in 862. Married on 25 Dec 862: Waldrade d'Alsace (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: on 8 Aug 869 at Piacenza, Italy, Having no sons upon his death, Lothar II's lands reverted to his sole surviving brother Louis II.

2175. Waldrade12 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.). Born: before 842 (Stuart.). Married on 25 Dec 862: Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: after 868 She was a nun when she died (Stuart.).

2176. Hughes, Count12 d'Auxerre (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-40; Page 243, Line 346-39.). AKA: Hughes, Count de Bourges. AKA: Hughes, Count de Nevers. Born: before 807 at France, son of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Hughes is presumed to have been at least 19 years of age by the time his son Étienne was born. Married before 825 at France: N? N? Died: after 853. 2177. N?12 N? Married before 825 at France: Hughes, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Married Name: d'Auxerre.

2180. Adalard, Sénéchal12 de Paris (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). AKA: Alard "Le Sénéchal" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: in 805, son of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 829: N? N? AKA: Adalard, Comte de Tours (Ibid.). Died: in 877 (Ibid.).

2181. N?12 N? Married before 829: Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris,, son of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? Married Name: de Paris.

2182. N?, Seigneur12 d'Amboise (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 220, 225.). AKA: N?, Sire d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.). Born: before 811 He is presumed to have been at least 18 years old by the time his daughter was born. Married before 829: N? de Nantes,, daughter of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris. AKA: N?, Vicomte d'Anjou He was a Vicomte in Anjou [not the Vicomte of Anjou] in 864 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.).

2183. N?12 de Nantes (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married Name: d'Amboise. Born: circa 815, daughter of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris (Ibid.). Married before 829: N?, Seigneur d'Amboise.

2184. Warnarius, Comte in12 de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:58 Hours.). AKA: Garnier, Comte de Nantes (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Born: circa 800, son of Lambert II, Count de Nantes and Rothilde de France (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.). Married before 815: N? de Paris,, daughter of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? Died: either 0852 or 0853 Warnarius was executed in 852 according to Settipani, in 853 according to Stuart.

2185. N?12 de Paris (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married Name: de Bretagne. Married Name: de Nantes. Born: between 0800 and 0805, daughter of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? (Ibid.). Married before 815: Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne,, son of Lambert II, Count de Nantes and Rothilde de France.

2192. Bouchard12 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-39.). Occupation: Bouchard was the Préfet of the Royal Hunt. Born: before 816 at France, son of Aubri, Count de Fézensac and Ingeltrude d'Orléans, Bouchard is presumed to have been at least 20 years old when he died. Married before 836: N? N? Died: in 836 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.).

2193. N?12 N? Married before 836: Bouchard d'Orléans,, son of Aubri, Count de Fézensac and Ingeltrude d'Orléans.

2204. Bernard I, Count12 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-39.) (Augé.). AKA: Bernard I, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard I, Duke de Septimanie. AKA: Bernard, Margrave de Septimanie. AKA: Bernard de Poitiers (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). AKA: Bernard I, Count de Barcelone. AKA: Bernard I, Comte d'Auvergne (Abbott, Page 442.). Born: circa 790 at Languedoc, France, son of Saint Guillaume, Count de Toulouse and Guiburge de Hornbach (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: Bernhard, Marquis de Gothie (Ibid.). Married on 24 Jun 824 at Aachen, Westphalia, Germany: Duodène=Liégarde N? Died: in 844 at Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen, Westphalia, Germany, He was executed.

2205. Duodène=Liégarde12 N? (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-39.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Married Name: de Poitiers. AKA: Dhuoda = Doda. Born: before 814 Duodène is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Bernard I. Married on 24 Jun 824 at Aachen, Westphalia, Germany: Bernard I, Count de Toulouse,, son of Saint Guillaume, Count de Toulouse and Guiburge de Hornbach. Died: after 2 Feb 843.

2206. Guérin=Bernard I, Count12 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: Bernhard, Comte d'Auvergne (Ibid.). Born: circa 815 at Mâcon, Saône-et- Loire, Bourgogne, France, son of Warin, Comte de Mâcon and Alba, Dame d'Autun (Ibid.). Married before 840 at France: Lieutgarde N? Died: in 868 (Ibid.).

2207. Lieutgarde12 N? Married Name: de Mâcon. Born: before 823. Married before 840 at France: Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon,, son of Warin, Comte de Mâcon and Alba, Dame d'Autun.

2208. Bernard, King of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 255.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-39.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). Born: in 797, son of Pépin Carloman, King de Lombardie and Berta de Toulouse (______, Personal Research. References, Encylcopedic Research.). Note - between 0810 and 0817: Bernard became King of Italy upon his father's death in 810. He, and after 817, his son Pippin, regularly convoked assemblies of the lay magnates and bishops of Lombardy. He was defeated by his Uncle Louis Le Debonnaire. The latter had him blinded. Married before 815: Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Died: on 17 Apr 818 at Milan, Italy, Bernard is buried in Milan.

2209. Kunigund=Cunigunde12 N? (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-39.). Married Name: Italy. Born: before 800 Kunigund is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Pépin II was born. Married before 815: Bernard, King of Italy,, son of Pépin Carloman, King de Lombardie and Berta de Toulouse. Died: on 15 Jun 835.

2214. Gérard12 de Roussillon. AKA: Gérard, Count de Paris. AKA: Girard II, Comte de Paris (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Girard II, Duke de Lyon (Ibid.). Born: before 811 at Ireland, son of Lisiard, Count de Fézensac and N? N?, Gérard's parentage is not certain among sources. Married before 847: Berthe de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: between 877 and Oct 878 (Ibid.).

2215. Berthe12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-39.). Married Name: de Roussillon. Born: before 815 at Tours, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Berthe is presumed to have been born before her father was 50 years of age. Married before 847: Gérard de Roussillon,, son of Lisiard, Count de Fézensac and N? N?

2216. Rutpert III, Count12 de Wormsgau (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-39.). Born: before 798, son of Robert II, Count de Wormsgau and Théodédrata N?, Rutpert III is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Waldrada. Married in 808: Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans,, daughter of Hadrian, Lord de Wormsgau and Waldrade=Waldrat de Hornbach. Died: circa 834 Rutpert III was alive in the year 834.

2217. Waldrada=Wiltrud12 d'Orléans (Ibid.). Married Name: de Wormsgau. Born: before 798, daughter of Hadrian, Lord de Wormsgau and Waldrade=Waldrat de Hornbach, Waldrada is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Rutpert III. Married in 808: Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau,, son of Robert II, Count de Wormsgau and Théodédrata N?

2218. Hughes, Count12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-41; Page 164, Line 224-38.). AKA: Hughes, Count de Bourges. Also Known As: Hughes "Le Méfiant." AKA: Hughes, Comte d'Alsace (Abbott, Page 538.). Born: circa 765 at France, son of Luitfride II, Count d'Alsace and Hiltrude N? Married before 807 at France: Aba N? Died: in Sep 836 at France.

2219. Aba12 N? (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-41.). Married Name: de Tours. Born: circa 779 at France. Married before 807 at France: Hughes, Count de Tours,, son of Luitfride II, Count d'Alsace and Hiltrude N? Died: after 837 at France Aba was alive in the year 837.

2224. Thierry I, Count12 d'Autun (Stuart, Page 132, Line 173-39.). AKA: Thierry I, Count de Chaumois. Born: circa 810 at France, son of Childebrand II, Lord de Pérracy and Dune d'Autun, Thierry I was alive in the year 817 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 845: Auda N? Occupation: before 880 Thierry I was the Chamberlain of Charles "Le Chauve." Died: between 0882 and 0883 Thierry I was alive in the year 879 (Ibid.).

2225. Auda12 N? Married Name: d'Autun. Born: before 838 Auda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Richard was born. Married before 845: Thierry I, Count d'Autun,, son of Childebrand II, Lord de Pérracy and Dune d'Autun.

2226. Beuve=Bouin, Comte12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-39; Page 241, Line 343-40.). AKA: Buwin, Count d'Autun. AKA: Budwine, Count de Metz. AKA: Buvinus, Abbé de Gorze. Born: before 814, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N?, Beuve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Richilde d'Arles,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Died: after 877 Beuve was alive in the year 877 as well as in 840.

2227. Richilde12 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-40.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 814, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N? Died: in 883.

2232. Richard, Count12 d'Amiens (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:58 Hours.). Born: before 796 at Lyonnais, France Richard was alive in the year 801, and 825, and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Beuve was born. Married before 813 at France: N? N? Died: in 825.

2233. N?12 N? Married before 813 at France: Richard, Count d'Amiens.

2234. Boson III, Count12 de Turin (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-41.) (Stuart, Page 133.). AKA: Boson, Count de Valois. Also Known As: Boson "Le Vieux." Born: before 799, son of Boson II, Count de Turin and N? N?, Boson III is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 813: N? N? Died: before 855.

2235. N?12 N? (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:51 Hours.). Married before 813: Boson III, Count de Turin,, son of Boson II, Count de Turin and N? N?

2236. Conrad I, Count12 d'Auxerre (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40.). AKA: Conrad I, Count de Linzgau. AKA: Conrad I, Count d'Aargau. AKA: Conrad I, Count d'Argengau. Occupation: Conrad I was the lay Abott of Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre. Born: circa 800 at Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre, France, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married before 825: Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: on 21 Sep 862.

2237. Adélaïde=Aélis12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40; Page 126, Line 169-38; Page 164, Line 224-37.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. AKA: Adélaïde d'Alsace. Married Name: de Blois. Born: before 810 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Married before 825: Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married circa 864: Robert, Count de Blois,, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). MaterAlter: before 865 Eudes, King de France/Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: on 15 Sep 866 Adélaïde was killed.

2328. Odoacer, Count12 de Flandre (Stuart, Page 172.). AKA: Odoacre, Comte de Boulogne (Abbott, Page 112.). Born: before 834, son of Enguérrand, Count de Flandre and N? N?, Odoacer is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Baudouin I was born. Married before 844: N? N? Died: in 864 at Belgium (Stuart, Page 172.).

2329. N?12 N? Married before 844: Odoacer, Count de Flandre,, son of Enguérrand, Count de Flandre and N? N?

2330. Charles II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (Rosamond, Page 180.) (Augé.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387.). AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve." AKA: Charles II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: on 13 Jun 823 at Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière, Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829. Note - between 0824 and 0875 at France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Débonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pépin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pépin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Châlon-sur-Saône, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhône, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude. Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambrésis, the Hainaut, the country of Mézières, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saône and the Rhône, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor. Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Noménoé proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pépin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Noménoé takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Noménoé ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendôme. Charles has Pépin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pépin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875). When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orléans,, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Married on 25 Nov 869 at Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine). Died: on 6 Oct 877 at Avrieux, Dauphiné, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Bègue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

2331. Ermentrude12 d'Orléans (Rosamond, Page 195.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.). Married Name: Ermentrude, Queen de France. Born: on 27 Sep 830 at France, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Charles II, King de France,, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Died: on 6 Oct 869 at Saint-Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France, at age 39.

2432. Eystein12 Ivarsson (Stuart, Page 28, Line 44-39; Page 123, Line 166-37.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 08 June 1995 at 18:26 Hours.). AKA: Eystein, Jarl in Hedemarken. AKA: Eystein Glumra, Comte des Hautes-Terres. Note -: Eistain Glumra, he was the Jarl of Hedemarken (the Uplands of Norway). E.S. [via Paul Theroff] indicates he was the earliest documentable ancestor of the Dukes of Normandy. AKA: Eystein "Le Bruyant." Born: circa 805, son of Ivar Oplaendinge and Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim. Married before 830: Aseda Rognvaldotter,, daughter of Rognvald Olafsson and N? N?

2433. Aseda12 Rognvaldotter (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-37.). AKA: Aseda Rognvaldsson. Married Name: Ivarsson. AKA: Ascrida Rognvaldsdottir. Born: circa 812 at Maer, Norway, daughter of Rognvald Olafsson and N? N? Married before 830: Eystein Ivarsson,, son of Ivar Oplaendinge and Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim. 2434. Hrolf12 Nefja (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-36.). Born: before 833 Hrolf is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Rognhild was born. Married before 848: N? N?

2435. N?12 N? Married before 848: Hrolf Nefja.

2436. Judicaël, Duke12 de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Judicaël, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 839 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne, Judicaël became Duke in 877 and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Bérenger, was born. Married before 856: N? N? Note - in 877 at Rennes, Bretagne, France: Judicaël was a direct descendant of Judicaël I, King of the Brittons (of Bretagne), venerated by them as nearly a saint. The Count of Rennes (capital city of Bretagne) became Duke de Bretagne in 877. Died: in 888 Judicaël was killed in action.

2437. N?12 N? Married before 856: Judicaël, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne and N? de Bretagne.

2438. Gurvand, Duke12 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Augé.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Gurvand, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 820 at Rennes, Bretagne, France Gurvand was Comte de Rennes in 851, and is is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Judicaël, was born. Married before 838: N? de Bretagne,, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? Died: in 877.

2439. N?12 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 824, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 838: Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne. Note - in 857: She was the heiress of Bretagne. Died: after 857.

2496. Borel12 d'Urgel. AKA: Borel, Comte de Barcelone. Born: circa 775. Married before 804: N? N? Died: circa 820.

2497. N?12 N? Married before 804: Borel d'Urgel. Married Name: d'Urgel.

2498. Bellon, Count12 de Carcassonne (Stuart, Page 38, Line 54-39; Page 209, Line 291-40.). AKA: Borrel I, Comte de Cerdagne (Abbott, Page 480.). Born: before 783 at France Bellon is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Gisclafred, was born. Bellon was Count in 811. Married before 800: Nimilde N? Died: after 812 Bellon was alive in the year 812.

2499. Nimilde12 N? Born: in 780. Married before 800: Bellon, Count de Carcassonne.

2500. Odoacer, Count12 de Flandre (Stuart, Page 172.). AKA: Odoacre, Comte de Boulogne (Abbott, Page 112.). Born: before 834, son of Enguérrand, Count de Flandre and N? N?, Odoacer is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Baudouin I was born. Married before 844: N? N? Died: in 864 at Belgium (Stuart, Page 172.).

2501. N?12 N? Married before 844: Odoacer, Count de Flandre,, son of Enguérrand, Count de Flandre and N? N?

2502. Charles II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (Rosamond, Page 180.) (Augé.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387.). AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve." AKA: Charles II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: on 13 Jun 823 at Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière, Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829. Note - between 0824 and 0875 at France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Débonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pépin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pépin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Châlon-sur-Saône, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhône, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude. Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambrésis, the Hainaut, the country of Mézières, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saône and the Rhône, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor. Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and Bordeaux (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Noménoé proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pépin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Noménoé takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Noménoé ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendôme. Charles has Pépin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pépin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875). When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orléans,, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Married on 25 Nov 869 at Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine). Died: on 6 Oct 877 at Avrieux, Dauphiné, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Bègue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

2503. Ermentrude12 d'Orléans (Rosamond, Page 195.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.). Married Name: Ermentrude, Queen de France. Born: on 27 Sep 830 at France, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Charles II, King de France,, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Died: on 6 Oct 869 at Saint-Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France, at age 39.

2504. Raimond I, Count12 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 85.) (Stuart, Page 231, Line 326-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 18 July 1994 at 01:11 Hours.). AKA: Raymond, Count de Rouergue (Abbott, Page 332.). AKA: Raimond I, Count de Quercy The Pays of Quercy took its name from the Cadurci Tribe. In the Merovingian Era, Cahors was under the effective control of its bishops. Following seven years of episcopate, the bishop Rusticus was put to death by the people in 680. King Dagobert severely punished those responsible and appointed as Bishop, his Treasurer Saint Didier, brother of the assassinated bishop. Didier constructed churches and fortified the town. His episcopate was a period of prosperity. The bishops exercised at Cahors all the regalian rights and minted money. Around 849, the Comté de Quercy, was accorded to Raimond as recompense for his aid to Charles II in the War against Pépin II (Abbott, Pages 331, 370.). Note -: Raymond I was also the Count of Quercy and of Rouergue, having succeeded his brother Frédelon. Raymond I was a kinsman of Archbishop Hinsmer of Reims. Count of Toulouse (852-865), Raimond I was a protégé of Charles Le Chauve. Born: circa 811 at France, son of Foucault, Marquis de Toulouse and Sénégonde d'Autun, Raimond I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Fulchérius was born. Married before 824: Berthe=Béatrix de Reims,, daughter of Rémy IV Rémigius, Comte de Reims and Arsinde de Ponthieu. Died: in 863.

2505. Berthe=Béatrix12 de Reims (André Roux: Scrolls, 85.) (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-36.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Born: before 810, daughter of Rémy IV Rémigius, Comte de Reims and Arsinde de Ponthieu, Berthe is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Fulchérius was born. Married before 824: Raimond I, Count de Toulouse,, son of Foucault, Marquis de Toulouse and Sénégonde d'Autun. Died: in 887 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24053, 8 December 2008.).

2506. Ermengaud, Comte12 d'Albi (Abbott, Page 377.). Born: before 799 Ermengaud was appointed Comte by Charlemagne [who died in 814], and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by that time. Abbott indicates Ermengaud was appointed in 778. Married before 834: N? N? Died: in 878.

2507. N?12 N? Married before 834: Ermengaud, Comte d'Albi.

2512. Raimond I, Count12 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 85.) (Stuart, Page 231, Line 326-36.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 18 July 1994 at 01:11 Hours.). AKA: Raymond, Count de Rouergue (Abbott, Page 332.). AKA: Raimond I, Count de Quercy The Pays of Quercy took its name from the Cadurci Tribe. In the Merovingian Era, Cahors was under the effective control of its bishops. Following seven years of episcopate, the bishop Rusticus was put to death by the people in 680. King Dagobert severely punished those responsible and appointed as Bishop, his Treasurer Saint Didier, brother of the assassinated bishop. Didier constructed churches and fortified the town. His episcopate was a period of prosperity. The bishops exercised at Cahors all the regalian rights and minted money. Around 849, the Comté de Quercy, was accorded to Raimond as recompense for his aid to Charles II in the War against Pépin II (Abbott, Pages 331, 370.). Note -: Raymond I was also the Count of Quercy and of Rouergue, having succeeded his brother Frédelon. Raymond I was a kinsman of Archbishop Hinsmer of Reims. Count of Toulouse (852-865), Raimond I was a protégé of Charles Le Chauve. Born: circa 811 at France, son of Foucault, Marquis de Toulouse and Sénégonde d'Autun, Raimond I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Fulchérius was born. Married before 824: Berthe=Béatrix de Reims,, daughter of Rémy IV Rémigius, Comte de Reims and Arsinde de Ponthieu. Died: in 863.

2513. Berthe=Béatrix12 de Reims (André Roux: Scrolls, 85.) (Stuart, Page 232, Line 326-36.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Born: before 810, daughter of Rémy IV Rémigius, Comte de Reims and Arsinde de Ponthieu, Berthe is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Fulchérius was born. Married before 824: Raimond I, Count de Toulouse,, son of Foucault, Marquis de Toulouse and Sénégonde d'Autun. Died: in 887 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://genealogiequebec.info/testphp/info.php?no=24053, 8 December 2008.).

2514. Ermengaud, Comte12 d'Albi (Abbott, Page 377.). Born: before 799 Ermengaud was appointed Comte by Charlemagne [who died in 814], and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by that time. Abbott indicates Ermengaud was appointed in 778. Married before 834: N? N? Died: in 878.

2515. N?12 N? Married before 834: Ermengaud, Comte d'Albi.

2516. Sunier II, Comte12 de Roussillon (Abbott, Page 477.). AKA: Sunier II, Count de Rosellon (Stuart, Page 206, Line 284-38.). Born: circa 840, son of Suniario I, Count des Ampurias and N? N? AKA: Suniaire II, Co-Comte des Ampurias (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Married before 866 at France: Ermengarde de Roussillon. AKA: Suniario II, Count des Ampurias (Stuart, Page 206, Line 284-38.). Died: in 915 According to Stuart, Suniario II was alive in the year 915 (Abbott, Page 477.).

2517. Ermengarde12 de Roussillon (Stuart, Page 206, Line 284-38.) (Abbott, Page 477.). Married Name: des Ampurias. Married: Bencion, Comte des Ampurias,, son of Sunier II, Comte de Roussillon and Ermengarde de Roussillon. Born: before 851 at France Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 16 years of age by the time her son, Brencion, was born. Married before 866 at France: Sunier II, Comte de Roussillon,, son of Suniario I, Count des Ampurias and N? N?

2518. Miron I, Count12 de Roussillon. Born: before 847 at France, son of Sunier=Sunifred, Count d'Urgel and Ermessende de Carcassonne. Married before 862: Cixilona (--?--) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Died: in 896.

2519. Cixilona12 (--?--) (Ibid.). Born: before 847 (Ibid.). Married before 862: Miron I, Count de Roussillon,, son of Sunier=Sunifred, Count d'Urgel and Ermessende de Carcassonne (Ibid.). Married Name: de Roussillon (Ibid.).

2520. Semen12 de Gascogne (Ibid.) (Ibid.). AKA: Semen, Comte des Alavais (Ibid.). Born: before 814, son of Garcia I, Duke de Gascogne, Semen is presumend to have been at least 18 Years old by the time his son, Sanche III, was born (Ibid.). Married before 832: N? N? Died: in 865 (Ibid.).

2521. N?12 N? Married before 832: Semen de Gascogne,, son of Garcia I, Duke de Gascogne. Married Name: de Gascogne.

2522. Garcia, Comte12 de Bueil (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 816, son of Daton, Comte de Bueil and N? N?, Garcia is presumed to have been at least 18 years old when his daughter Quisilo, was born (Ibid.). Married before 834: N? N?

2523. N?12 N? Married before 834: Garcia, Comte de Bueil,, son of Daton, Comte de Bueil and N? N? Married Name: de Bueil.

2528. Aznar II, Comte12 de Comminges (Abbott, Page 347.). Born: before 854 at Gascogne, France, son of Garcie, Comte de Comminges and N? N?, Aznar II is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son, Loup Aznar, was born. Married before 871: N? N? Died: circa 905 (Ibid.).

2529. N?12 N? Married Name: de Comminges. Married before 871: Aznar II, Comte de Comminges,, son of Garcie, Comte de Comminges and N? N?

2536. Oliva II, Count12 de Carcassonne (Stuart, Page 209, Line 291-38.). Born: before 835 at France, son of Oliva I, Count de Carcassonne and Ermentrude N?, Oliva II is presumed to have been born before his father, Oliva II remarried. Married before 877: N? N? Died: in 879.

2537. N?12 N? Married before 877: Oliva II, Count de Carcassonne,, son of Oliva I, Count de Carcassonne and Ermentrude N?

2538. Bernard II, Count12 d'Auvergne (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Bernard, Count de Rodez. AKA: Bernard Plantevelue (Abbott, Page 302.). AKA: Bernard, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard, Count de Nevers Bernard became Comte de Nevers upon the death of Eudes de Troyes circa 870. The County passed to his son Guillaume (Abbott, Page 182.). Born: on 22 Mar 841 at Uzès, Poitou, France, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N?, The Manual of Dhuoda records the birth "XI Kal Apr", in the year following the death of Emperor Louis, at "Uzecia urbes" of the second child [Bernard] of Doda and her husband Bernard (Bondurand, Le manuel de Dhuoda, Introduction, 5, p. 52.). Married before 860 at France: Ermengarde de Mâcon,, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.). Died: on 16 Aug 886 at age 45 Bernard was killed. Some sources indicate this was on 22 June 885; others on 6 January 886.

2539. Ermengarde12 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). Married Name: d'Auvergne. Born: circa 845 at Mâcon, Maconnais, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when she died (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 860 at France: Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne,, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.).

2624. Charles II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (Rosamond, Page 180.) (Augé.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387.). AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve." AKA: Charles II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: on 13 Jun 823 at Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière, Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829. Note - between 0824 and 0875 at France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Débonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pépin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pépin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Châlon-sur-Saône, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhône, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude. Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambrésis, the Hainaut, the country of Mézières, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saône and the Rhône, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor. Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and Bordeaux (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Noménoé proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pépin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Noménoé takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Noménoé ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendôme. Charles has Pépin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pépin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875). When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orléans,, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Married on 25 Nov 869 at Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine). Died: on 6 Oct 877 at Avrieux, Dauphiné, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Bègue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

2625. Ermentrude12 d'Orléans (Rosamond, Page 195.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.). Married Name: Ermentrude, Queen de France. Born: on 27 Sep 830 at France, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Charles II, King de France,, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Died: on 6 Oct 869 at Saint-Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France, at age 39.

2626. Charles II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (Rosamond, Page 180.) (Augé.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387.). AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve." AKA: Charles II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: on 13 Jun 823 at Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière, Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829. Note - between 0824 and 0875 at France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Débonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pépin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pépin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Châlon-sur-Saône, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhône, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude. Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambrésis, the Hainaut, the country of Mézières, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saône and the Rhône, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor. Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and Bordeaux (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Noménoé proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pépin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Noménoé takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Noménoé ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendôme. Charles has Pépin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pépin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875). When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orléans,, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Married on 25 Nov 869 at Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine). Died: on 6 Oct 877 at Avrieux, Dauphiné, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Bègue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

2627. Richilde12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Hallam.) (Stuart, Page 243, Line 346-37.) (Abbott, Page 499.). Married Name: Richilde, Queen de France. AKA: Richilde de Metz. Born: before 829 at Lorraine, France, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Judith was born. Married on 25 Nov 869 at Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Charles II, King de France,, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière (The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine). Occupation: between 0870 and 0877 Richilde was crowned Queen of France in 870 and annointed by the Pope. In 877, she was crowned Empress by Pope Jean VIII in Tortone, Italy. Died: in 912.

2688. Bonifacio IV, Marquis12 de Toscane (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-37.). Born: before 889 at Italy, son of Adalbert I, Count de Lucca and Rohaut=Rothieda de Spoleto, Bonifacio IV was alive in the year 894. Married before 900: N? N? Died: after 900 Bonifacio IV was alive in the year 900.

2689. N?12 N? Married before 900: Bonifacio IV, Marquis de Toscane,, son of Adalbert I, Count de Lucca and Rohaut=Rothieda de Spoleto.

2698. Auprando, Count12 de Verticilio (Stuart, Page 71, Line 93-34.). Born: before 910 Auprando is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Railinda was born. Married before 925: N? N?

2699. N?12 N? Married before 925: Auprando, Count de Verticilio.

2720. Roger, Count12 du Maine. Born: before 866 at Maine, France, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans, Roger established himself in Le Mans, circa 886, at the expense of Count Gauzlin. Gauzlin, who had the support of the Robertide King Odo and his brother Robert, was a member of the powerful Rorgonide family which had ruled Maine for much of the Ninth Century (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.: Chapter 10: " 'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c.940/955-992) and the Origins of Angevin Overlordship in Maine", Page 191.). Married circa 886: Rothilde de Neustrie,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Richilde de Bourgogne. Died: after 31 Oct 900.

2721. Rothilde12 de Neustrie (Stuart, Page 249, Line 357-36.). Married Name: du Maine. Born: circa 871 at France, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Richilde de Bourgogne. Married circa 886: Roger, Count du Maine,, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Died: on 22 Mar 928.

2864. Hélie, Count12 de Montreuil (Stuart, Page 180, Line 244-39.). AKA: Helgard II, Comte de Ponthieu (Abbott, Page 125.). Born: before 877, son of Herlouin, Count de Montreuil and N? N? Married before 914: N? N? Died: in 926 (Ibid.). 2865. N?12 N? Married before 914: Hélie, Count de Montreuil,, son of Herlouin, Count de Montreuil and N? N?

2872. Pépin II, Lord12 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-38.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin Saint-Quentin took its name from the missionary Caius Quintinus, decapitated in 287 (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Pépin II, Prince of Italy. AKA: Pépin, Count de Vermandois. Born: in 817 at Saint Quentin, Vermandois, France, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Married before 840: N? N? Died: in 845.

2873. N?12 N? Married before 840: Pépin II, Lord de Péronne,, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N?

2874. Guérin I, Count12 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-38.). Born: before 844 Guérin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Eve de Roussillon,, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours.

2875. Eve12 de Roussillon (Ibid.). Married Name: de Morvois. Born: before 847 at France, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours, Eve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Guérin I, Count de Morvois.

2876. Robert, Count12 de Blois (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-38.). AKA: Rutpert IV, Count de Wormsgau. AKA: Ruppert IV, Marquis d'Anjou. AKA: Robert, Count de Paris. AKA: Robert, Count de Tours. AKA: Robert, Count d'Auxerre. AKA: Robert, Count de Nevers Robert became Comte de Nevers in 864, upon the death of Hughes de Bourges (Abbott, Page 182.). AKA: Robert, Count d'Anjou. Also Known As: Robert "Le Fort." Born: before 834 at Mainz, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Germany, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans. Occupation: between 0836 and 0866 Robert "Le Fort" was Lay Abbot of Tours 836-866. Married before 856: Agane de Laon. Married circa 864: Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). Note - before 865: Robert "Le Fort", who took part in the "Révolte des Grands" against Charles "Le Chauve", fought against the Normands and was mortally wounded by them while pursuing them. Died: on 15 Sep 866 at Brissarthe, Anjou, France, Robert Le Fort was killed by the viking-Normans. Gary Murray's sources indicate this happened 25 July 866 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de La Marche", 30 October 1997 at 16:46 Hours.).

2877. Adélaïde=Aélis12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40; Page 126, Line 169-38; Page 164, Line 224-37.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. AKA: Adélaïde d'Alsace. Married Name: de Blois. Born: before 810 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Married before 825: Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married circa 864: Robert, Count de Blois,, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). MaterAlter: before 865 Eudes, King de France/Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: on 15 Sep 866 Adélaïde was killed.

3072. Ivar12 Oplaendinge (Stuart, Page 28, Line 44-40.). Born: before 780, son of Halfdan "The Old" and N? N?, Ivar is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married. Married circa 790: Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim,, daughter of Eistein Glumra von Heidmark and Aseda Rognvaldsdatter. Died: after 805.

3073. Geva Eisteindatter of12 Throndheim (Stuart, Page 267, Line 386-40.). Born: before 780, daughter of Eistein Glumra von Heidmark and Aseda Rognvaldsdatter, She is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Ivar. Married circa 790: Ivar Oplaendinge,, son of Halfdan "The Old" and N? N?

3074. Rognvald12 Olafsson (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-38.). Born: circa 790 at Jutland, Norway, son of Olaf II Gudrodsson and N? N? Married before 812: N? N? Died: in 850.

3075. N?12 N? Married before 812: Rognvald Olafsson,, son of Olaf II Gudrodsson and N? N?

3080. Gurvand, Duke12 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Augé.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Gurvand, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 820 at Rennes, Bretagne, France Gurvand was Comte de Rennes in 851, and is is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Judicaël, was born. Married before 838: N? de Bretagne,, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? Died: in 877.

3081. N?12 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 824, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 838: Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne. Note - in 857: She was the heiress of Bretagne. Died: after 857.

3086. Érispoë, Duke12 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-40.). AKA: Érispoë, Comte de Rennes Érispoë received the County de Rennois from Charles II (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 805 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, son of Noménoé, King de Bretagne and Argentaël N?, Érispoë is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter was born. Érispoë became Duke de Bretagne in 851. Married before 823: N? N? Died: in Nov 857 Érispoë was murdered.

3087. N?12 N? Married before 823: Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Noménoé, King de Bretagne and Argentaël N?

3144. Gurvand, Duke12 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Augé.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Gurvand, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 820 at Rennes, Bretagne, France Gurvand was Comte de Rennes in 851, and is is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Judicaël, was born. Married before 838: N? de Bretagne,, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? Died: in 877.

3145. N?12 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 824, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 838: Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne. Note - in 857: She was the heiress of Bretagne. Died: after 857.

3150. Érispoë, Duke12 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-40.). AKA: Érispoë, Comte de Rennes Érispoë received the County de Rennois from Charles II (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 805 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, son of Noménoé, King de Bretagne and Argentaël N?, Érispoë is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter was born. Érispoë became Duke de Bretagne in 851. Married before 823: N? N? Died: in Nov 857 Érispoë was murdered.

3151. N?12 N? Married before 823: Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Noménoé, King de Bretagne and Argentaël N?

3168. Tertulle12 d'Auxerre (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-39.). AKA: Tertulle, Seneschal de Gâtinais. Born: before 826 at Angers, Anjou, France, son of Hughes, Count d'Auxerre and N? N?, Tertulle is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son Ingelger was born. Married before 844 at France: Pétronille de Bourgogne. Died: circa 877 at France (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.).

3169. Pétronille12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 147.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 212.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. Married Name: d'Anjou. Born: in 825 at France (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 844 at France: Tertulle d'Auxerre,, son of Hughes, Count d'Auxerre and N? N?

3170. Fouques, Comte Palatine12 de Châtillon-sur-Indre. AKA: Fulco, Vicomte d'Anjou (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: before 829, son of Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris and N? N? AKA: Fulco, Fondateur de Bonneval (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). AKA: Fulco, Miles de Châteaudun (Ibid.). Married before 844: N? d'Amboise,, daughter of N?, Seigneur d'Amboise and N? de Nantes. Died: between 0859 and 0865 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.).

3171. N?12 d'Amboise (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 220, 223, 225.). AKA: N?, Dame d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.). Born: before 829, daughter of N?, Seigneur d'Amboise and N? de Nantes (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 844: Fouques, Comte Palatine de Châtillon-sur-Indre,, son of Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris and N? N? Married Name: de Châtillon-sur-Indre.

3172. Adalard, Seigneur12 de Loches (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224-225.). AKA: Adalard, Seigneur de La Haye (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 224 - 225.). AKA: Adalard, Seigneur de Villentrois (Ibid.). Born: circa 825, son of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 855: N? N? AKA: Adalard, Vicomte d'Amboise (Ibid.). Died: after 864 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.).

3173. N?12 N? Married before 855: Adalard, Seigneur de Loches,, son of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris.

3176. Geoffrey?12 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-38.) (Stuart.). Died: at France. Born: before 836 at France, son of Bouchard d'Orléans and N? N? Married before 855: N? N?

3177. N?12 N? Married before 855: Geoffrey? d'Orléans,, son of Bouchard d'Orléans and N? N?

3182. Bernard II, Count12 d'Auvergne (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Bernard, Count de Rodez. AKA: Bernard Plantevelue (Abbott, Page 302.). AKA: Bernard, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard, Count de Nevers Bernard became Comte de Nevers upon the death of Eudes de Troyes circa 870. The County passed to his son Guillaume (Abbott, Page 182.). Born: on 22 Mar 841 at Uzès, Poitou, France, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N?, The Manual of Dhuoda records the birth "XI Kal Apr", in the year following the death of Emperor Louis, at "Uzecia urbes" of the second child [Bernard] of Doda and her husband Bernard (Bondurand, Le manuel de Dhuoda, Introduction, 5, p. 52.). Married before 860 at France: Ermengarde de Mâcon,, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.). Died: on 16 Aug 886 at age 45 Bernard was killed. Some sources indicate this was on 22 June 885; others on 6 January 886.

3183. Ermengarde12 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). Married Name: d'Auvergne. Born: circa 845 at Mâcon, Maconnais, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, daughter of Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon and Lieutgarde N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when she died (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 860 at France: Bernard II, Count d'Auvergne,, son of Bernard I, Count de Toulouse and Duodène=Liégarde N? (Bernard II obtained the county of Mâcon during the wars between the Carolingians and the Bosonids) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_ftn21.).

3328. Odoacer, Count12 de Flandre (Stuart, Page 172.). AKA: Odoacre, Comte de Boulogne (Abbott, Page 112.). Born: before 834, son of Enguérrand, Count de Flandre and N? N?, Odoacer is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Baudouin I was born. Married before 844: N? N? Died: in 864 at Belgium (Stuart, Page 172.).

3329. N?12 N? Married before 844: Odoacer, Count de Flandre,, son of Enguérrand, Count de Flandre and N? N?

3330. Charles II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (Rosamond, Page 180.) (Augé.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387.). AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve." AKA: Charles II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: on 13 Jun 823 at Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière, Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829. Note - between 0824 and 0875 at France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Débonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pépin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pépin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Châlon-sur-Saône, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhône, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude. Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambrésis, the Hainaut, the country of Mézières, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saône and the Rhône, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor. Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and Bordeaux (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Noménoé proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pépin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Noménoé takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Noménoé ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendôme. Charles has Pépin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pépin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875). When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orléans,, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Married on 25 Nov 869 at Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine). Died: on 6 Oct 877 at Avrieux, Dauphiné, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Bègue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

3331. Ermentrude12 d'Orléans (Rosamond, Page 195.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.). Married Name: Ermentrude, Queen de France. Born: on 27 Sep 830 at France, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Charles II, King de France,, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Died: on 6 Oct 869 at Saint-Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France, at age 39.

3332. Aethelwulf, King of12 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-40.). AKA: Aethelwulf, King of Kent. AKA: Aethelwulf, King of Wessex. Born: circa 806 at Wessex, England, son of Egbert, King of England and Redburga=Raedburh N? (Stuart, Page 171.). Married circa 839: Osburh of England,, daughter of Olac, Princerna Regis of England and N? N? (Aethelwulf visited Rome in 839, and Osburh was his first wife). Annulled he and Osburh of England: in 853 (an unknown value). Married on 1 Oct 856 at Wessex, England: Judith, Princess de France,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 171.). Died: on 13 Jan 858 at England (Ibid.).

3333. Osburh of12 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-40.). Born: circa 810 at Wessex, England, daughter of Olac, Princerna Regis of England and N? N? (Stuart, Page 171.). Married circa 839: Aethelwulf, King of England,, son of Egbert, King of England and Redburga=Raedburh N? (Aethelwulf visited Rome in 839, and Osburh was his first wife). Annulled she and Aethelwulf, King of England: in 853 (an unknown value). Died: after 876 (Stuart, Page 171.). 3334. Aethelred12 Mucil (Stuart, Page 174, Line 238-40.). AKA: Aethelred, Earldorman of Gainsborough. Born: before 837 at England Aethelred is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Ealhswith was born. Married before 852: Eadburh=Edburga of Mercia.

3335. Eadburh=Edburga of12 Mercia (Stuart, Page 174.). Born: before 837 at Mercia, England Eadburh is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ealhswith was born. Married before 852: Aethelred Mucil.

3336. Pépin II, Lord12 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-38.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin Saint-Quentin took its name from the missionary Caius Quintinus, decapitated in 287 (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Pépin II, Prince of Italy. AKA: Pépin, Count de Vermandois. Born: in 817 at Saint Quentin, Vermandois, France, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Married before 840: N? N? Died: in 845.

3337. N?12 N? Married before 840: Pépin II, Lord de Péronne,, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N?

3338. Guérin I, Count12 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-38.). Born: before 844 Guérin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Eve de Roussillon,, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours.

3339. Eve12 de Roussillon (Ibid.). Married Name: de Morvois. Born: before 847 at France, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours, Eve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Guérin I, Count de Morvois.

3340. Robert, Count12 de Blois (André Roux: Scrolls, 79.) (Augé, Page 676.) (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-38.). AKA: Rutpert IV, Count de Wormsgau. AKA: Ruppert IV, Marquis d'Anjou. AKA: Robert, Count de Paris. AKA: Robert, Count de Tours. AKA: Robert, Count d'Auxerre. AKA: Robert, Count de Nevers Robert became Comte de Nevers in 864, upon the death of Hughes de Bourges (Abbott, Page 182.). AKA: Robert, Count d'Anjou. Also Known As: Robert "Le Fort." Born: before 834 at Mainz, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Germany, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans. Occupation: between 0836 and 0866 Robert "Le Fort" was Lay Abbot of Tours 836-866. Married before 856: Agane de Laon. Married circa 864: Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). Note - before 865: Robert "Le Fort", who took part in the "Révolte des Grands" against Charles "Le Chauve", fought against the Normands and was mortally wounded by them while pursuing them. Died: on 15 Sep 866 at Brissarthe, Anjou, France, Robert Le Fort was killed by the viking-Normans. Gary Murray's sources indicate this happened 25 July 866 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de La Marche", 30 October 1997 at 16:46 Hours.).

3341. Adélaïde=Aélis12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40; Page 126, Line 169-38; Page 164, Line 224-37.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. AKA: Adélaïde d'Alsace. Married Name: de Blois. Born: before 810 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Married before 825: Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married circa 864: Robert, Count de Blois,, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). MaterAlter: before 865 Eudes, King de France/Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: on 15 Sep 866 Adélaïde was killed.

3360. Hunroch, Margrave12 de Friuli (Stuart, Page 235, Line 332-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:54 Hours.). AKA: Unrouch, Count de Ternois Unrouch was Comte de Ternois around 839 (Abbott, Page 288.). Born: before 780 at Italy, son of Bérenger de Friuli and N? N?, Hunroch is presumed to have been born before his father was 50 years of age. Married before 816: Engeltrude de Paris,, daughter of Bègue, Count de Paris and Alpis=Aupaïs de Paris. Died: circa 853.

3361. Engeltrude12 de Paris (Stuart, Page 196, Line 269-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:54 Hours.). Married Name: de Friuli. Born: before 802 at France, daughter of Bègue, Count de Paris and Alpis=Aupaïs de Paris, Engeltrude is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 816: Hunroch, Margrave de Friuli,, son of Bérenger de Friuli and N? N? Died: after 853 at France (Stuart, Page 196.).

3368. Hunroch, Margrave12 de Friuli (Stuart, Page 235, Line 332-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:54 Hours.). AKA: Unrouch, Count de Ternois Unrouch was Comte de Ternois around 839 (Abbott, Page 288.). Born: before 780 at Italy, son of Bérenger de Friuli and N? N?, Hunroch is presumed to have been born before his father was 50 years of age. Married before 816: Engeltrude de Paris,, daughter of Bègue, Count de Paris and Alpis=Aupaïs de Paris. Died: circa 853.

3369. Engeltrude12 de Paris (Stuart, Page 196, Line 269-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:54 Hours.). Married Name: de Friuli. Born: before 802 at France, daughter of Bègue, Count de Paris and Alpis=Aupaïs de Paris, Engeltrude is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 816: Hunroch, Margrave de Friuli,, son of Bérenger de Friuli and N? N? Died: after 853 at France (Stuart, Page 196.).

3370. Louis I, King12 de France (Rosamond, Page 106, 116.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-40.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 369.). Also Known As: Louis "Le Pieux." Also Known As: Louis "Le Débonnaire." Born: in Aug 778 at Chasseneuil, Lot-en-Garonne, Aquitaine, France, son of Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau. Note - between 0781 and 0800: In 781, at age 2, Louis I, "Le Pieux", was crowned and anointed King of Aquitaine by Pope Hadrian I, at the same time as his older brother Pépin was made King of Italy. Louis, whose twin brother had died at birth, was the third of Charlemagne's sons by his wife Hildegard. The Diviso Regni of 806 indicates that Louis was to have Aquitaine as an independent Kingdom upon his father's death. Aquitaine was in effect a March; for much of Louis' reign as sub-king he and his officials were occupied in quelling Gascon revolts and launching offensives into Spain. Unrest had never completely died out in the Pyrenées since the annexation of Aquitaine in 768, and more especially after the disastrous ambush of the Frankish vanguard in Roncesvalles in 778. In about 788, Chorso, Duke of Toulouse was captured by a Gascon named Adélric, and then released after being forced to swear an oath of allegiance to the Gascon or Basque leader. In 793, the Sarracens invaded Septimania, burned the suburbs of Narbonne and marched on Carcassonne, but in 795 Bahlul-ben- Machluc sued with Louis for peace. In 800, he successfully laid siege to Barcelona and subsequently captured Tortosa, Huesca and Pamplona and formed links with the Kingdom of the Asturias. Baptized: on 15 Apr 781 (On 15 April 781, Louis was baptized by Pope Hadrian I in Rome. The next day, Easter Sunday, he was confirmed in his title of King of Aquitaine). Married in 794: Ermengarde d'Esbay,, daughter of Enguéran=Ingram, Count d'Esbay and N? N? Note - between 0800 and 0837: Louis I established in Nouaillé (a cell of St. Hilaire of Poitiers), Gellone and St. Martin-de-Tours. After the death of his brothers Pépin and Charles in 810 and 811 respectively, Louis was crowned at Aachen on 13 September 813, Emperor and heir to all of Charlemagne's lands, by Charlemagne himself without any assistance nor even the presence of the Pope. All sources, Frankish as well as papal, refer to Louis as emperor from then on. Charlemagne died 5 months later. All of Louis' sisters were required to quit the palace and retire to their own estates. His cousins, the offsprings of Bernard (Pépin III's half brother) were exhiled: Louis forced Count Wala to become a monk at Corbie; Adalhard was exhiled to Noirmoutier to be held there in custody by the Abbot; Bernhard returned to Lérin and Gundrada had to retreat to St. Radegund's convent of Sainte Croix in Poitiers. Only Theodrada was left unmolested as abbess of Notre Dame at Soissons. Louis I was also known as Louis, "Le Pieux". On 27 February 814, upon learning of the death of his father, and at the age of 36 years, he left Doué-la-Fontaine, in Anjou, to go to Aix-la-Chapelle. This new emperor, enterred this capital, and poised himself in front of the tomb of Charlemagne. So oversome with grief, his forehead touched the stone floor of the church. Hence the name "Le Pieux". Since he was kind, relative to his times, he was also known as "Le Débonnaire". For himself, he preferred to adopt the title "by divine Providence, Emperor Augustus". When Pope Leo died in May of 816, Stephen IV was elected Pope, and crowned Louis the Emperor on Sunday 5 October by placing a crown on his head during mass at Rheims. He also secured the release of some Roman exhiles in Francia. This crowning was among the first attempts to integrate the Papacy into the institutional framework of the Empire. Louis, 'lest he be led astray in satisfying the natural desires of the body' married Ermengarde, daughter of Count Ingramn. Charlemagne established Doué-la-Fontaine, Chasseneuil (Louis' birthplace), Angéac and Ébreuil as royal residences to maintain Louis and his household. At an assembly in Aachen in July 817, Louis made provisions for his sons' inheritance through the "Ordinatio Imperii". In his preface he states that the unity of the empire preserved for Louis by God should not be destroyed by men. Lothar was given the title of emperor, and as co-ruler with his father at once made heir to the empire, and appointed King of Italy in the event of his father's death. Bernard, then King of Italy was not mentioned, but the implication is that Bernard would be subordinate to Lothar should Louis die. Pépin was made King of Aquitaine (plus , Toulouse, Carcassonne, Autun, Avallon and Nevers) and Louis, The German, was made King of Bavaria (plus Carinthia, Bohemia, the lands of the Avars and Slavs and the royal manors of Lauterhofen and Ingolstadt). Pépin and Louis were to meet on an annual basis with Lothar to consult and together find "measures to take in the interest of perpetual peace". They could neither start a war nor marry without the approval of their elder brother. Lothar even had the right to de-throne them after three warnings. That same year, 817, Stephen IV obtains his political independence, thus severing the tie between Rome and the Frank Empire as conceived by Charlemagne. The arrangement was neat and all contingencies covered except for the one which took place. After his first wife's (Ermengarde) death, Louis, in 819, married the beautiful Bavarian Judith, daughter of Comte Welf of Bavaria. On 13 June 823 she gave birth to a son. He was called Charles. In September, 824, forgetting his nickname "Le Débonnaire", Louis totally ravages the Bretagne which was rebelling. In 829, at the General Assembly convoked in Worms (Wurm), Louis announces that he is forging a Duchy for his son, Charles, and gives him Alamania, Alsace, Rhetia, and part of Burgundy. The Co-Emperor Lothar, disagrees and has his name removed from imperial decrees and diplomas. Toward the end of 829, the political scene gets very complicated with allegations that Judith had intimate rapports with Bernard, Count of Barcelone, and ultimately desiring the death of the three sons of Hirmingarde. In Mai of 830, in Compiègne, Lothar and Pépin of Aquitaine lead a revolt. Louis is forced to cede on every point of contention. The apanage of the young Charles is eliminated, Judith is locked up in Poitiers at the Monastery of Sainte-Radegonde. In 831, the bishops would note how she had a talent for converting men's hearts and souls, and would allow her to rejoin her husband. In 832, Pépin and Louis revolt against their father. On 24 June 833, the Army of Louis Le Pieux faces those of the rebels. The field of battle in Rothfeld would be named the Field of the Lie (Lügenfeld). The Emperor and his sons begin negotiations. The night of 29 to 30 June, it is clear that the supporters of Louis would be influenced by his three sons. On the morning of 30 June, Louis would have to surrender. It would not be until 1 October that Louis would be deposed by the Assembly led by Agobard, Archbishop of Lyon and Eblon, Archbishop of Reims. On 7 October, Judith is sent to the Monastery of Tortone, Bernard to Prüm, and Louis to the Monastery of Saint-Médard-de-Soissons, where in public ceremony, he is forced to lay down his sword, stripped of royal vestments, he is made to don the coarse cloth of a penitent. In 834, Louis and Pépin, tired of being under the control of their brother Lothar, decide to free their father. On 28 February, they succeed in freeing their father and in August in Blois, Lothar swears to Louis Le Pieux, that he would never leave Italy except by his direct command. Throughout 834, the Normands -- Danes, Swedes and Norwegians -- resume their raids. On 28 February 835, the General Assembly proclaims that Louis was innocent of all previous accusations thus clearing the way for him to be re-established as Emperor on the Throne at Saint- Stephen of Metz. In 837, thanks to the intercessions of Judith, Charles "Le Chauve", receives a Kingdom composed of Frisia, between the Seine, the Meuse and the sea and in September 838, he receives the crown at Quierzy-sur-Oise. In 838, Marseille is devastated by the Sarrasins. On 30 May 839, the Empire is divided in half, with Lothar taking the East, and Charles' lands extend through Provence, Lyon, Toul and Geneva and all the lands of the West. Louis "the German", gets to keep only Bavaria. Married in 819: Judith de Bavière,, daughter of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes (Louis married Judith upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin). Died: on 22 Jun 840 at Ingelheim, Germany, at age 61 In 840, while attempting to keep Louis "the German" in line, Louis "Le Pieux" is taken ill in Salz. Feeling near death, he sends Lothar his sword and the crown on the condition that he would be loyal to Judith and abide by the lands division agreed to in Worms in 839. He died on an island, near Ingelheim on 22 June.

3371. Judith12 de Bavière (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-40.) (Rosamond, Page 136.). Married Name: de France. Born: circa 800 at Altdorf, Bavaria, daughter of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married in 819: Louis I, King de France,, son of Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau (Louis married Judith upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin). Died: on 19 Apr 843 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France.

3372. Maurin, Pfalzgrave12 de Parma (Stuart, Page 197, Line 269-38.). Note -: He was a salic Frank who held lands in Parma, Reggio and Piacenza (Stuart, Page 197.). Born: before 825 at Italy Maurin is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Suppo II was born. Married before 840: N? N? Died: circa 844.

3373. N?12 N? Married before 840: Maurin, Pfalzgrave de Parma.

3376. Boson III, Count12 de Turin (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-41.) (Stuart, Page 133.). AKA: Boson, Count de Valois. Also Known As: Boson "Le Vieux." Born: before 799, son of Boson II, Count de Turin and N? N?, Boson III is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 813: N? N? Died: before 855.

3377. N?12 N? (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:51 Hours.). Married before 813: Boson III, Count de Turin,, son of Boson II, Count de Turin and N? N?

3380. Lothaire I, Emperor of the12 West (Rosamond.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-42; Page 193, Line 263-40; Page 215, Line 302-40.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 369, Pages 371 - 379.). AKA: Lothaire I, King of Italy. AKA: Lothaire I, Emperor of the Occident. AKA: Lothaire, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 795, son of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Note - between 0817 and 0855: Lothaire I was King of Italy (817 - 855). He became Emperor of the Occident in 840. He was defeated at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye in 841 by the coalition of his brothers, Louis the German and Charles the Bald. At the Treaty of Verdun in 843, he was recognized Emperor. In 855, after dividing his kingdom among his sons, he retired at the convent of Prüm. Married on 15 Oct 821: Ermengarde de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: on 28 Sep 855 at Prüm, Germany, Upon the death of Lothar, the Treaty of Verdun begins to unravel. In accordance with custom, his Kingdom is divided among his three sons. Louis II, who inherits the imperial title, along with Italy gets Geneva, Lausanne and Sion. Lothar II gets Lorraine and gives the country his name as Lotharingia. Charles gets the Lyonnais and Provence. These issues are only provisional, since they wouldn't last long (Rosamond, Page 176.).

3381. Ermengarde12 de Tours (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-40.). Married Name: WEST. AKA: Ermengarde d'Orléans. Born: before 810 at France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Lothaire I. Married on 15 Oct 821: Lothaire I, Emperor of the West,, son of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Died: on 20 Mar 851.

3384. Conrad I, Count12 d'Auxerre (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40.). AKA: Conrad I, Count de Linzgau. AKA: Conrad I, Count d'Aargau. AKA: Conrad I, Count d'Argengau. Occupation: Conrad I was the lay Abott of Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre. Born: circa 800 at Saint-Germain-d'Auxerre, France, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married before 825: Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: on 21 Sep 862.

3385. Adélaïde=Aélis12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 214, Line 300-40; Page 126, Line 169-38; Page 164, Line 224-37.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. AKA: Adélaïde d'Alsace. Married Name: de Blois. Born: before 810 at Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Married before 825: Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married circa 864: Robert, Count de Blois,, son of Rutpert III, Count de Wormsgau and Waldrada=Wiltrud d'Orléans (Adélaïde was Conrad's widow when she married Robert as his second wife). MaterAlter: before 865 Eudes, King de France/Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Died: on 15 Sep 866 Adélaïde was killed.

3388. Beuve=Bouin, Comte12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-39; Page 241, Line 343-40.). AKA: Buwin, Count d'Autun. AKA: Budwine, Count de Metz. AKA: Buvinus, Abbé de Gorze. Born: before 814, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N?, Beuve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Richilde d'Arles,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Died: after 877 Beuve was alive in the year 877 as well as in 840.

3389. Richilde12 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-40.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 814, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N? Died: in 883.

3390. Louis II, King of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.) (Rosamond, Page 180.). AKA: Louis II, Emperor of the West. Also Known As: Louis "Le Jeune." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 825, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Note - between 0844 and 0875: Louis II was crowned King of the Lombards (Italy) by Pope Sergius II in 844 and remained King until his death in 875. He became Emperor of the Occident on Easter Sunday in 850. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence, Louis II's Kingdom is enhanced by Provence and the Northern part of Charles' Kingdom. When his remaing brother, Lothar II dies in 869, leaving no male heir, Louis II would have gotten the remaining lands, but his rights were strongly contested by his uncles Charles le Chauve and Louis le Germanique. In Italy, he fought with some success in alliance with the Papacy against the Sarracens from whom he took Bari. His daughter, Ermengarde, became Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson. Married in 851: Engelberge de Spolète,, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N? Died: on 8 Dec 875 at Brescia, Italy, Some sources indicate that Louis II died on 12 August 875. He deeded his Kingdom to Louis le Germanique's son, Carloman.

3391. Engelberge12 de Spolète (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.). AKA: Engelberge d'Alsace. Married Name: Italy. Born: before 837, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N?, Engelberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermengarde was born. Married in 851: Louis II, King of Italy,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours.

3404. Charles II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (Rosamond, Page 180.) (Augé.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387.). AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve." AKA: Charles II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: on 13 Jun 823 at Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière, Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829. Note - between 0824 and 0875 at France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Débonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pépin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pépin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Châlon-sur-Saône, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhône, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude. Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambrésis, the Hainaut, the country of Mézières, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saône and the Rhône, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor. Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and Bordeaux (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Noménoé proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pépin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Noménoé takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Noménoé ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendôme. Charles has Pépin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Médard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pépin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875). When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orléans,, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Married on 25 Nov 869 at Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine). Died: on 6 Oct 877 at Avrieux, Dauphiné, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Bègue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

3405. Ermentrude12 d'Orléans (Rosamond, Page 195.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.). Married Name: Ermentrude, Queen de France. Born: on 27 Sep 830 at France, daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orléans and Ingeltrude de Paris. Married on 13 Dec 842 at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Charles II, King de France,, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Bavière (Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead). Died: on 6 Oct 869 at Saint-Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France, at age 39.

3406. Adalhard, Count12 de Paris (Rosamond.). Born: before 840, son of Éberhard, Count de Paris and N? N?, Adalhard is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Adélaïde was born. Married before 855: N? N?

3407. N?12 N? Married before 855: Adalhard, Count de Paris,, son of Éberhard, Count de Paris and N? N?

3408. Eberhard II, Count12 de Nordgau (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-40.). AKA: Wichman, Count of Hamelant. AKA: Eberhard II, Count of Hamelant Eberhard was Count 846-884 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.). Born: before 831, son of Meginhard I, Count of Hamelant and N? N?, Eberhard II was Count in the year 846 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by that time. Married before 865: Evesna=Evesa N? Died: after 884 Eberhard II was alive in the year 884.

3409. Evesna=Evesa12 N? (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-40.). Married Name: de Nordgau. Born: before 850 Evesna is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Eberhard III was born. Evesna was a Saxon. Married before 865: Eberhard II, Count de Nordgau,, son of Meginhard I, Count of Hamelant and N? N?

3422. Louis II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-38.) (Augé.) (Rosamond, Page 258.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 387.). AKA: Louis II, King d'Aquitaine. Also Known As: Louis "Le Bègue." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in Nov 846 at Compiègne, Oise, Ile-de-France, France, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Married in 862: Ansgarde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Hardouin, Count de Bourgogne (She was given in marriage to Louis by her brother, Odon, often confused with Odon, Count of Troyes, an older man and one of Louis' detractors) (Rosamond, Page 185.). Note - between 0867 and 0879: Louis II was the King of Aquitaine from 867 to 879 and became King of France in 877, crowned at Compiègne by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims on 8 October. If the children and grandchildren of Charlemagne had an easy time ascending to the throne by virtue of their parentage, the same is not true for Louis. Louis had to be elected by the Greats - the nobles whose power had been growing steadily - and they conceded only after having received countships and additional powers. Moreover, Louis had to accept the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Hughes, Marquis of Neustria who also received the countship of Tours. He died 16 months later while making preparations to reprimand Bernard, Duke of Septimanie. Upon his death, nobles, looking to enhance their own power saw the kingdom partitioned between Louis III and Carloman, who were both crowned and anointed at Ferrières in September 879 by Ansegis, Archbishop of Sens. Louis III's portion comprised Francia and Neustria, and Carloman ruled Burgundy, Aquitaine and Gothia. Married between 0868 and 0869: Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris,, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N? Died: on 11 Apr 879 at France at age 32 Louis II died sooner than expected after having divided his kingdom between his two sons, Louis III and Carloman. To the older son went Francia and Neustria; and to the younger went Bourgogne, Aquitaine and the Marche of Spain. This creation of two kingdoms is highly disputed because the two sons are not viewed by some as legitimate because Charles le Chauve had not officially recognized Louis marriage to Ansgarde. Louis was not favored, and on 15 October 879, Provence and Bourgogne recognize Richilde's (Charles le Chauve's widow) brother, Bozon. Moreover, Louis, son of Louis le Germanique, also lays claim to the throne of France. Thus, to make matters rather complicated there exists three kings of France at this time.

3423. Adélaïde=Adelheid12 de Paris (Rosamond.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 245, Line 350-38.) (Augé.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 855, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermentrude was born. Married between 0868 and 0869: Louis II, King de France,, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Died: after 10 Nov 901.

3424. Udo, Count12 de Nieder-Lhangau (Stuart, Page 245, Line 351-40.). Born: before 817 Udo was alive in the year 822, and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Gebhard was born. Died: after 824 Udo was alive in the year 824. Married before 832: N? N?

3425. N?12 N? Married before 832: Udo, Count de Nieder-Lhangau.

3432. Bernard, King of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 255.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-39.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). Born: in 797, son of Pépin Carloman, King de Lombardie and Berta de Toulouse (______, Personal Research. References, Encylcopedic Research.). Note - between 0810 and 0817: Bernard became King of Italy upon his father's death in 810. He, and after 817, his son Pippin, regularly convoked assemblies of the lay magnates and bishops of Lombardy. He was defeated by his Uncle Louis Le Debonnaire. The latter had him blinded. Married before 815: Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Died: on 17 Apr 818 at Milan, Italy, Bernard is buried in Milan.

3433. Kunigund=Cunigunde12 N? (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-39.). Married Name: Italy. Born: before 800 Kunigund is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Pépin II was born. Married before 815: Bernard, King of Italy,, son of Pépin Carloman, King de Lombardie and Berta de Toulouse. Died: on 15 Jun 835.

3438. Gérard12 de Roussillon. AKA: Gérard, Count de Paris. AKA: Girard II, Comte de Paris (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Girard II, Duke de Lyon (Ibid.). Born: before 811 at Ireland, son of Lisiard, Count de Fézensac and N? N?, Gérard's parentage is not certain among sources. Married before 847: Berthe de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: between 877 and Oct 878 (Ibid.).

3439. Berthe12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-39.). Married Name: de Roussillon. Born: before 815 at Tours, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Berthe is presumed to have been born before her father was 50 years of age. Married before 847: Gérard de Roussillon,, son of Lisiard, Count de Fézensac and N? N?

3456. Robert II, Count12 de Wormsgau (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-40.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 May 1994 at 22:25 Hours.). AKA: Rutpert II, Lord von Dienheim. Occupation: Rutpert II was Count in the Wormsgau and in the Oberrheinsgau. Born: before 783, son of Thuringbert=Turincbertus de Wormsgau and N? N?, Rutpert II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Rutpert III was born. Married before 798: Théodédrata N? (Théodédrata was Rutpert II's first wife). Died: on 12 Jul 807 Some sources claim Rutpert II died on 22 July 0807.

3457. Théodédrata12 N? (Stuart, Page 126, Line 169-40.). Married Name: de Wormsgau. Born: before 783 Théodédrata is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Rutpert III was born. Died: after 789 Théodédrata was alive in the year 789. Married before 798: Robert II, Count de Wormsgau,, son of Thuringbert=Turincbertus de Wormsgau and N? N? (Théodédrata was Rutpert II's first wife).

3458. Hadrian, Lord12 de Wormsgau (Stuart, Page 238, Line 336-42.). Born: before 772, son of Gerold I, Duke d'Allemanie and Imma d'Allemanie, Hadrian was alive in the year 788 and is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Odon, was born. Married before 789: Waldrade=Waldrat de Hornbach,, daughter of Lambert, Count de Hornbach and N? N? Died: before 15 Feb 824.

3459. Waldrade=Waldrat12 de Hornbach. Married Name: de Wormsgau. Born: before 773, daughter of Lambert, Count de Hornbach and N? N? Married before 789: Hadrian, Lord de Wormsgau,, son of Gerold I, Duke d'Allemanie and Imma d'Allemanie. Died: after 15 Feb 824.

3460. Luitfride II, Count12 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 164, Line 224-39.). Born: before 750 at France, son of Luitfride I, Duke d'Alsace and Edith N?, Luitfride II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Hughes was born. Married before 764: Hiltrude N? Died: in 802.

3461. Hiltrude12 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Alsace. Born: before 750 Hiltrude is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Hughes was born. Married before 764: Luitfride II, Count d'Alsace,, son of Luitfride I, Duke d'Alsace and Edith N?

3464. Bernard, King of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 255.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-39.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). Born: in 797, son of Pépin Carloman, King de Lombardie and Berta de Toulouse (______, Personal Research. References, Encylcopedic Research.). Note - between 0810 and 0817: Bernard became King of Italy upon his father's death in 810. He, and after 817, his son Pippin, regularly convoked assemblies of the lay magnates and bishops of Lombardy. He was defeated by his Uncle Louis Le Debonnaire. The latter had him blinded. Married before 815: Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Died: on 17 Apr 818 at Milan, Italy, Bernard is buried in Milan.

3465. Kunigund=Cunigunde12 N? (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-39.). Married Name: Italy. Born: before 800 Kunigund is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Pépin II was born. Married before 815: Bernard, King of Italy,, son of Pépin Carloman, King de Lombardie and Berta de Toulouse. Died: on 15 Jun 835. 3470. Gérard12 de Roussillon. AKA: Gérard, Count de Paris. AKA: Girard II, Comte de Paris (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Girard II, Duke de Lyon (Ibid.). Born: before 811 at Ireland, son of Lisiard, Count de Fézensac and N? N?, Gérard's parentage is not certain among sources. Married before 847: Berthe de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: between 877 and Oct 878 (Ibid.).

3471. Berthe12 de Tours (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-39.). Married Name: de Roussillon. Born: before 815 at Tours, Touraine, France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Berthe is presumed to have been born before her father was 50 years of age. Married before 847: Gérard de Roussillon,, son of Lisiard, Count de Fézensac and N? N?

3472. Viguebert, Dux12 de Saxe (Rosamond.). Born: in 786 at Runnymead Plain, England, son of Vuitichind, King de Saxe and Suaterne de Bohème. Married before 815: Simicille de Frisé. Died: in 840.

3473. Simicille12 de Frisé. Married Name: de Saxe. Born: before 801 Simicille is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Liudolf was born. Married before 815: Viguebert, Dux de Saxe,, son of Vuitichind, King de Saxe and Suaterne de Bohème.

3474. Billung, Count12 de Turinge (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-38.). AKA: Billung, Count of Thuringia. Born: before 807 Billung is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Oda was born. Married before 825: Aeda N?

3475. Aeda12 N? Married Name: de Turinge. Note -: Aeda was heiress of some Frankish nobility. Born: before 810 Aeda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Oda was born. Married before 825: Billung, Count de Turinge.

3476. Carloman, King12 de Bavière (Encyclopedia.) (Augé.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-40.). AKA: Carloman, King of Italy. Born: either 0828 or 0830 at Bavaria, son of Louis II, King of Germany and Emma de Bavière. Married before 847: N? von Nordgau,, daughter of Ernst, Margrave von Nordgau and N? N? Married before 849: Liutswind N?,, daughter of Ernest, Count N? and N? N? (Liutswind was King Carloman's second wife). Occupation: between 28 Aug 876 and 879 Carloman became King of Bavaria in 876 and then became King of Italy. AKA: Carloman, King of Italy (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 29 Sep 880.

3477. Liutswind12 N? (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-40.). Married Name: de Bavière. Born: before 840, daughter of Ernest, Count N? and N? N? Married before 849: Carloman, King de Bavière,, son of Louis II, King of Germany and Emma de Bavière (Liutswind was King Carloman's second wife).

3478. Theodore12 de Bavière (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Kenneth Roberts posted on 11 July 1995 at 00:15 Hours.). Born: circa 800. Married before 847: N? N?

3479. N?12 N? Married before 847: Theodore de Bavière.

3480. Walbert12 von Threkwitigau (Stuart, Page 240, Line 339-39.). Born: before 819, son of Wicibert, Count de Westphalie and Ordrad N?, Walbertis presumed to have been at least 18 years old by the time his son was born. Walbertis' name is first documented on a charter in 834. Married before 837: Altburg de Saxe,, daughter of Immed I, Count de Saxe and N? N? Died: between 0872 and 0891.

3481. Altburg12 de Saxe (Ibid.). Married Name: von Threkwitigau. Born: before 823, daughter of Immed I, Count de Saxe and N? N?, Altburg is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son was born. Married before 837: Walbert von Threkwitigau,, son of Wicibert, Count de Westphalie and Ordrad N?

3482. Echbert, Count12 von Ittergau (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-39.). Also Known As: Echbert "The Loyal." Born: before 768 Echbert is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time he, as a Saxon nobleman, was conquered by Charlemagne. Note - in 793: Echbert was a Saxon nobleman conquered by Charlemagne in 793. Married before 833: Ida N?,, daughter of Dietrich, Count N? and N? N? Died: after 834 Echbert was alive in the year 834.

3483. Ida12 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: von Ittergau. Born: before 819, daughter of Dietrich, Count N? and N? N?, Ida is presumed to have been at least 15 years old by the time her daughter, Mathilde, was born. Married before 833: Echbert, Count von Ittergau. Died: after 21 Nov 838.

3484. Lothaire I, Emperor of the12 West (Rosamond.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-42; Page 193, Line 263-40; Page 215, Line 302-40.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 369, Pages 371 - 379.). AKA: Lothaire I, King of Italy. AKA: Lothaire I, Emperor of the Occident. AKA: Lothaire, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 795, son of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Note - between 0817 and 0855: Lothaire I was King of Italy (817 - 855). He became Emperor of the Occident in 840. He was defeated at Fontenoy-en-Puisaye in 841 by the coalition of his brothers, Louis the German and Charles the Bald. At the Treaty of Verdun in 843, he was recognized Emperor. In 855, after dividing his kingdom among his sons, he retired at the convent of Prüm. Married on 15 Oct 821: Ermengarde de Tours,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Died: on 28 Sep 855 at Prüm, Germany, Upon the death of Lothar, the Treaty of Verdun begins to unravel. In accordance with custom, his Kingdom is divided among his three sons. Louis II, who inherits the imperial title, along with Italy gets Geneva, Lausanne and Sion. Lothar II gets Lorraine and gives the country his name as Lotharingia. Charles gets the Lyonnais and Provence. These issues are only provisional, since they wouldn't last long (Rosamond, Page 176.).

3485. Ermengarde12 de Tours (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-40.). Married Name: WEST. AKA: Ermengarde d'Orléans. Born: before 810 at France, daughter of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Lothaire I. Married on 15 Oct 821: Lothaire I, Emperor of the West,, son of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Died: on 20 Mar 851. 3488. Gérard I, Count12 d'Auvergne (Stuart, Page 118, Line 163-39.) (Rosamond.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 442.). AKA: Gérard, Comte de Poitiers (Abbott, Pages 303, 402.). Born: before 795 at France, son of Théodoric=Thiérri, Count de Toulouse and Aldane=Audé Martel, Gérard is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Ranulf I was born. Abbott indicates that Gérard was the brother of Guillaume - so then he would be the son of Thierry. Married before 809 at France: Hildegarde=Mathilde de France,, daughter of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Note - between 0839 and 0841 at Auvergne, France: Gérard was Comte d'Auvergne 849-851 (Abbott, Page 442.). Died: on 25 Jun 841 at Fontenoy, Tournai, Belgium, Gérard was slain in battle.

3489. Hildegarde=Mathilde12 de France (Stuart, Page 246, Line 352-40.) (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Augé.). Married Name: d'Auvergne. Born: in 803, daughter of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Married before 809 at France: Gérard I, Count d'Auvergne,, son of Théodoric=Thiérri, Count de Toulouse and Aldane=Audé Martel. Died: in 841.

3490. Rorgo, Count12 du Maine (Encyclopedia.) (Stuart, Page 118, Line 163-38.) (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., Robert Carver [ID #MNDY85D], 27 June 1995 at 13:22 Hours citing Pierre Riché's "The Carolingians", University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993, P. 193.). AKA: Roricon, Comte du Maine Roricon was Comte du Maine in 839 (Abbott, Page 130.). AKA: Rorick II, Count de Bretagne. Born: before 807 at France, son of Gauzelin, Count de Neustrie and Aldetrude N?, Rorgo is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Louis was born. Significant-Other: Rotrude de France before 824 -. PaterAlter before 825 Rorgo, Count du Maine/Louis, Abbé de Saint-Denis (an unknown value). Married before 833: Bilihildis N? Died: circa 841 (Ibid.).

3491. Bilihildis12 N? (Stuart, Page 118, Line 163-38.). Married Name: du Maine. Born: before 818 Bilihildis is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter was born. Married before 833: Rorgo, Count du Maine,, son of Gauzelin, Count de Neustrie and Aldetrude N?

3504. Ivar12 Oplaendinge (Stuart, Page 28, Line 44-40.). Born: before 780, son of Halfdan "The Old" and N? N?, Ivar is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married. Married circa 790: Geva Eisteindatter of Throndheim,, daughter of Eistein Glumra von Heidmark and Aseda Rognvaldsdatter. Died: after 805.

3505. Geva Eisteindatter of12 Throndheim (Stuart, Page 267, Line 386-40.). Born: before 780, daughter of Eistein Glumra von Heidmark and Aseda Rognvaldsdatter, She is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Ivar. Married circa 790: Ivar Oplaendinge,, son of Halfdan "The Old" and N? N?

3506. Rognvald12 Olafsson (Stuart, Page 123, Line 166-38.). Born: circa 790 at Jutland, Norway, son of Olaf II Gudrodsson and N? N? Married before 812: N? N? Died: in 850.

3507. N?12 N? Married before 812: Rognvald Olafsson,, son of Olaf II Gudrodsson and N? N?

3512. Gurvand, Duke12 de Bretagne (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.) (Augé.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:08 Hours, E.S., Band II, Tafel 75.). AKA: Gurvand, Comte de Rennes (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 820 at Rennes, Bretagne, France Gurvand was Comte de Rennes in 851, and is is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Judicaël, was born. Married before 838: N? de Bretagne,, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N? Died: in 877.

3513. N?12 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 166.). Married Name: de Rennes. Born: before 824, daughter of Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne and N? N?, She is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Bérenger was born. Married before 838: Gurvand, Duke de Bretagne. Note - in 857: She was the heiress of Bretagne. Died: after 857.

3518. Érispoë, Duke12 de Bretagne (Stuart, Page 275, Line 405-40.). AKA: Érispoë, Comte de Rennes Érispoë received the County de Rennois from Charles II (Abbott, Page 272.). Born: before 805 at Rennes, Bretagne, France, son of Noménoé, King de Bretagne and Argentaël N?, Érispoë is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter was born. Érispoë became Duke de Bretagne in 851. Married before 823: N? N? Died: in Nov 857 Érispoë was murdered.

3519. N?12 N? Married before 823: Érispoë, Duke de Bretagne,, son of Noménoé, King de Bretagne and Argentaël N?

3520. Beuve=Bouin, Comte12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-39; Page 241, Line 343-40.). AKA: Buwin, Count d'Autun. AKA: Budwine, Count de Metz. AKA: Buvinus, Abbé de Gorze. Born: before 814, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N?, Beuve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Richilde d'Arles,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Died: after 877 Beuve was alive in the year 877 as well as in 840.

3521. Richilde12 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-40.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 814, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N? Died: in 883.

3522. Louis II, King of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.) (Rosamond, Page 180.). AKA: Louis II, Emperor of the West. Also Known As: Louis "Le Jeune." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 825, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Note - between 0844 and 0875: Louis II was crowned King of the Lombards (Italy) by Pope Sergius II in 844 and remained King until his death in 875. He became Emperor of the Occident on Easter Sunday in 850. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence, Louis II's Kingdom is enhanced by Provence and the Northern part of Charles' Kingdom. When his remaing brother, Lothar II dies in 869, leaving no male heir, Louis II would have gotten the remaining lands, but his rights were strongly contested by his uncles Charles le Chauve and Louis le Germanique. In Italy, he fought with some success in alliance with the Papacy against the Sarracens from whom he took Bari. His daughter, Ermengarde, became Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson. Married in 851: Engelberge de Spolète,, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N? Died: on 8 Dec 875 at Brescia, Italy, Some sources indicate that Louis II died on 12 August 875. He deeded his Kingdom to Louis le Germanique's son, Carloman. 3523. Engelberge12 de Spolète (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.). AKA: Engelberge d'Alsace. Married Name: Italy. Born: before 837, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N?, Engelberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermengarde was born. Married in 851: Louis II, King of Italy,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours.

3528. Bernard I, Count12 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-39.) (Augé.). AKA: Bernard I, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard I, Duke de Septimanie. AKA: Bernard, Margrave de Septimanie. AKA: Bernard de Poitiers (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). AKA: Bernard I, Count de Barcelone. AKA: Bernard I, Comte d'Auvergne (Abbott, Page 442.). Born: circa 790 at Languedoc, France, son of Saint Guillaume, Count de Toulouse and Guiburge de Hornbach (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: Bernhard, Marquis de Gothie (Ibid.). Married on 24 Jun 824 at Aachen, Westphalia, Germany: Duodène=Liégarde N? Died: in 844 at Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen, Westphalia, Germany, He was executed.

3529. Duodène=Liégarde12 N? (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-39.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Married Name: de Poitiers. AKA: Dhuoda = Doda. Born: before 814 Duodène is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Bernard I. Married on 24 Jun 824 at Aachen, Westphalia, Germany: Bernard I, Count de Toulouse,, son of Saint Guillaume, Count de Toulouse and Guiburge de Hornbach. Died: after 2 Feb 843.

3530. Guérin=Bernard I, Count12 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: Bernhard, Comte d'Auvergne (Ibid.). Born: circa 815 at Mâcon, Saône-et- Loire, Bourgogne, France, son of Warin, Comte de Mâcon and Alba, Dame d'Autun (Ibid.). Married before 840 at France: Lieutgarde N? Died: in 868 (Ibid.).

3531. Lieutgarde12 N? Married Name: de Mâcon. Born: before 823. Married before 840 at France: Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon,, son of Warin, Comte de Mâcon and Alba, Dame d'Autun.

3532. Beuve=Bouin, Comte12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-39; Page 241, Line 343-40.). AKA: Buwin, Count d'Autun. AKA: Budwine, Count de Metz. AKA: Buvinus, Abbé de Gorze. Born: before 814, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N?, Beuve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Richilde d'Arles,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Died: after 877 Beuve was alive in the year 877 as well as in 840.

3533. Richilde12 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-40.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 814, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N? Died: in 883.

3534. Louis II, King of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.) (Rosamond, Page 180.). AKA: Louis II, Emperor of the West. Also Known As: Louis "Le Jeune." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 825, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Note - between 0844 and 0875: Louis II was crowned King of the Lombards (Italy) by Pope Sergius II in 844 and remained King until his death in 875. He became Emperor of the Occident on Easter Sunday in 850. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence, Louis II's Kingdom is enhanced by Provence and the Northern part of Charles' Kingdom. When his remaing brother, Lothar II dies in 869, leaving no male heir, Louis II would have gotten the remaining lands, but his rights were strongly contested by his uncles Charles le Chauve and Louis le Germanique. In Italy, he fought with some success in alliance with the Papacy against the Sarracens from whom he took Bari. His daughter, Ermengarde, became Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson. Married in 851: Engelberge de Spolète,, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N? Died: on 8 Dec 875 at Brescia, Italy, Some sources indicate that Louis II died on 12 August 875. He deeded his Kingdom to Louis le Germanique's son, Carloman.

3535. Engelberge12 de Spolète (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.). AKA: Engelberge d'Alsace. Married Name: Italy. Born: before 837, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N?, Engelberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermengarde was born. Married in 851: Louis II, King of Italy,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours.

3536. Beuve=Bouin, Comte12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 194, 215.) (Stuart, Page 153, Line 206-39; Page 241, Line 343-40.). AKA: Buwin, Count d'Autun. AKA: Budwine, Count de Metz. AKA: Buvinus, Abbé de Gorze. Born: before 814, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N?, Beuve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Richilde d'Arles,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Died: after 877 Beuve was alive in the year 877 as well as in 840.

3537. Richilde12 d'Arles (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 84, Line 112-40.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Born: before 814, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Richilde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Richilde was born. Married before 828: Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne,, son of Richard, Count d'Amiens and N? N? Died: in 883.

3538. Louis II, King of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.) (Rosamond, Page 180.). AKA: Louis II, Emperor of the West. Also Known As: Louis "Le Jeune." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 825, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Note - between 0844 and 0875: Louis II was crowned King of the Lombards (Italy) by Pope Sergius II in 844 and remained King until his death in 875. He became Emperor of the Occident on Easter Sunday in 850. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence, Louis II's Kingdom is enhanced by Provence and the Northern part of Charles' Kingdom. When his remaing brother, Lothar II dies in 869, leaving no male heir, Louis II would have gotten the remaining lands, but his rights were strongly contested by his uncles Charles le Chauve and Louis le Germanique. In Italy, he fought with some success in alliance with the Papacy against the Sarracens from whom he took Bari. His daughter, Ermengarde, became Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson. Married in 851: Engelberge de Spolète,, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N? Died: on 8 Dec 875 at Brescia, Italy, Some sources indicate that Louis II died on 12 August 875. He deeded his Kingdom to Louis le Germanique's son, Carloman.

3539. Engelberge12 de Spolète (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-41.). AKA: Engelberge d'Alsace. Married Name: Italy. Born: before 837, daughter of Erchanger, Count d'Alsace and N? N?, Engelberge is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermengarde was born. Married in 851: Louis II, King of Italy,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours.

3540. Basil I, Empereur12 de l'Orient (Stuart, Page 187.). Also Known As: Basil "Le Macédonien." Born: in 827, son of Konstantinos, Empereur de l'Orient and Pancalo N? Married before 866: Eudocia=Ingerina N? Died: on 29 Aug 889.

3541. Eudocia=Ingerina12 N? (Ibid.). Married Name: de l'Orient. Born: before 851 Eudocia is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Léo VI was born. Married before 866: Basil I, Empereur de l'Orient,, son of Konstantinos, Empereur de l'Orient and Pancalo N? Died: after 866.

3542. Stylianos12 Tzautzes. Born: before 856, son of Tzautzes, Stratego of Macedonia and N? N?, Stylianos is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Zoe was born. Married before 871: N? N? Died: in Dec 899.

3543. N?12 N? Married before 871: Stylianos Tzautzes,, son of Tzautzes, Stratego of Macedonia and N? N?

3544. Thierry I, Count12 d'Autun (Stuart, Page 132, Line 173-39.). AKA: Thierry I, Count de Chaumois. Born: circa 810 at France, son of Childebrand II, Lord de Pérracy and Dune d'Autun, Thierry I was alive in the year 817 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Married before 845: Auda N? Occupation: before 880 Thierry I was the Chamberlain of Charles "Le Chauve." Died: between 0882 and 0883 Thierry I was alive in the year 879 (Ibid.).

3545. Auda12 N? Married Name: d'Autun. Born: before 838 Auda is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Richard was born. Married before 845: Thierry I, Count d'Autun,, son of Childebrand II, Lord de Pérracy and Dune d'Autun.

3548. Hubert=Herbert, Duke12 de Bourgogne (André Roux: Scrolls, 214.) (Stuart, Page 133, Line 174-39.). AKA: Herbert, Marquis de Bourgogne Herbert was the Marquis of the Transjuranian Burgundy. Occupation: Herbert was the Lay Abbott of Saint-Maurice. Born: before 849 at France, son of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?, Herbert is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Thibaud was born. Married before 864: N? N? Died: in 864 at Orbe, Vaud, Switzerland, Herbert was slain.

3549. N?12 N? Married before 864: Hubert=Herbert, Duke de Bourgogne,, son of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N?

3550. Lothaire=Lothar II, King12 de Lorraine (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.) (Castelot, Tome I, Page 384.) (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 827, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours. Married circa 855: Teutberge de Valois,, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin and N? N? Note - between 0855 and 0869: Lothaire II was the King of Lorraine from 855 to 869. He married Teutberge de Valois whom he repudiated in favor of his concubine Walrade. From 858 until 869 he battled to get rid of his wife. This cost him the court of Rome, and an excommunication by the Church, for which he had to beg the pardon of the Pope. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence in 863, Lothar II would get the center of Charles' Kingdom (since Charles had no son). Divorced Teutberge de Valois: in 862. Married on 25 Dec 862: Waldrade d'Alsace (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: on 8 Aug 869 at Piacenza, Italy, Having no sons upon his death, Lothar II's lands reverted to his sole surviving brother Louis II.

3551. Waldrade12 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 193, Line 263-39.). Born: before 842 (Stuart.). Married on 25 Dec 862: Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine,, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours (Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died). Died: after 868 She was a nun when she died (Stuart.).

3552. Hughes, Count12 d'Auxerre (Stuart, Page 124, Line 167-40; Page 243, Line 346-39.). AKA: Hughes, Count de Bourges. AKA: Hughes, Count de Nevers. Born: before 807 at France, son of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N?, Hughes is presumed to have been at least 19 years of age by the time his son Étienne was born. Married before 825 at France: N? N? Died: after 853.

3553. N?12 N? Married before 825 at France: Hughes, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Hughes, Count de Tours and Aba N? Married Name: d'Auxerre.

3556. Adalard, Sénéchal12 de Paris (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). AKA: Alard "Le Sénéchal" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties.). Born: in 805, son of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married before 829: N? N? AKA: Adalard, Comte de Tours (Ibid.). Died: in 877 (Ibid.).

3557. N?12 N? Married before 829: Adalard, Sénéchal de Paris,, son of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? Married Name: de Paris.

3558. N?, Seigneur12 d'Amboise (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 220, 225.). AKA: N?, Sire d'Orléans (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 220.). Born: before 811 He is presumed to have been at least 18 years old by the time his daughter was born. Married before 829: N? de Nantes,, daughter of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris. AKA: N?, Vicomte d'Anjou He was a Vicomte in Anjou [not the Vicomte of Anjou] in 864 (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 244.).

3559. N?12 de Nantes (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married Name: d'Amboise. Born: circa 815, daughter of Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne and N? de Paris (Ibid.). Married before 829: N?, Seigneur d'Amboise.

3560. Warnarius, Comte in12 de Bretagne (Paul Theroff, posts, "9th/10th Centy.Kings" posted on 14 February 1994 at 19:58 Hours.). AKA: Garnier, Comte de Nantes (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Born: circa 800, son of Lambert II, Count de Nantes and Rothilde de France (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Pages 225, 244.). Married before 815: N? de Paris,, daughter of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? Died: either 0852 or 0853 Warnarius was executed in 852 according to Settipani, in 853 according to Stuart.

3561. N?12 de Paris (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 225.). Married Name: de Bretagne. Married Name: de Nantes. Born: between 0800 and 0805, daughter of Liétaud, Count de Paris and Grimeut N? (Ibid.). Married before 815: Warnarius, Comte in de Bretagne,, son of Lambert II, Count de Nantes and Rothilde de France.

3568. Bouchard12 d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 37, Line 53-39.). Occupation: Bouchard was the Préfet of the Royal Hunt. Born: before 816 at France, son of Aubri, Count de Fézensac and Ingeltrude d'Orléans, Bouchard is presumed to have been at least 20 years old when he died. Married before 836: N? N? Died: in 836 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 1., Citing NEHGR 99:34-37.).

3569. N?12 N? Married before 836: Bouchard d'Orléans,, son of Aubri, Count de Fézensac and Ingeltrude d'Orléans.

3580. Bernard I, Count12 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-39.) (Augé.). AKA: Bernard I, Count d'Autun. AKA: Bernard I, Duke de Septimanie. AKA: Bernard, Margrave de Septimanie. AKA: Bernard de Poitiers (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.). AKA: Bernard I, Count de Barcelone. AKA: Bernard I, Comte d'Auvergne (Abbott, Page 442.). Born: circa 790 at Languedoc, France, son of Saint Guillaume, Count de Toulouse and Guiburge de Hornbach (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: Bernhard, Marquis de Gothie (Ibid.). Married on 24 Jun 824 at Aachen, Westphalia, Germany: Duodène=Liégarde N? Died: in 844 at Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen, Westphalia, Germany, He was executed.

3581. Duodène=Liégarde12 N? (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-39.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Married Name: de Poitiers. AKA: Dhuoda = Doda. Born: before 814 Duodène is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Bernard I. Married on 24 Jun 824 at Aachen, Westphalia, Germany: Bernard I, Count de Toulouse,, son of Saint Guillaume, Count de Toulouse and Guiburge de Hornbach. Died: after 2 Feb 843.

3582. Guérin=Bernard I, Count12 de Mâcon (André Roux: Scrolls, 128.) (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: Bernhard, Comte d'Auvergne (Ibid.). Born: circa 815 at Mâcon, Saône-et- Loire, Bourgogne, France, son of Warin, Comte de Mâcon and Alba, Dame d'Autun (Ibid.). Married before 840 at France: Lieutgarde N? Died: in 868 (Ibid.).

3583. Lieutgarde12 N? Married Name: de Mâcon. Born: before 823. Married before 840 at France: Guérin=Bernard I, Count de Mâcon,, son of Warin, Comte de Mâcon and Alba, Dame d'Autun.

3648. Kenneth I, King of12 Scots (Stuart, Page 120, Line 165-39.) (Encyclopedia.) (Leana Randall, Prodigy Post, 07 February 1995 at 12:01 Hours.). AKA: Ceneath III, King of the Picts. AKA: Cinead I Mac Alpin. AKA: Kenneth MacAilpine, King of Alba (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I833.html as of 28 October 1998.). Born: circa 810 at Scotland, son of Alpin, King of and N? N? Married before 836: N? N? AKA: Kenneth I, King of Dalriada (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Note - between 841 and 6 Feb 858 at Scotland: Kenneth I was King of Scotland 843-858, he also ruled in Dalriada 841-859, and elected King of the Picts in 844. There was no formal papal blessing upon the coronation of a Scottish King until Pope John XXII recognized David II in 1329. Kenneth I unified the Picts and the Scots. Some sources indicate that Kenneth, having destroyed the Kingdom of the Picts, became King of all Scotland [Alba] in 838. Within a year after the death of his cousins in 839, it appears that Kenneth seized the Kingship of Dal Riata. There is little record of the subsequent 8 years, but it appears that Kenneth followed in the footsteps of his cousins, and made a bid for the kingship of the Picts. He was resisted, ineffectually, by a short-lived dynasty bearing Pictish names. Later legends suggest that Kenneth achieved his success through treachery - slaying his Pictish guests at a feast. Whatever his means, Kenneth defeated his last Pictish rival by 848, and in the following year, he celebrated his victory by building a church dedicated to St. Columba in his new Pcitish lands. It is recorded that Kenneth raided England no fewer than six times. He was succeeded by his brother, Donald I. Some sources also indicate that Kenneth ruled over the Scots alone in Dalriada for two to eight years before overthrowing the Picts [ruling from 836 to 843]. Kenneth I united the Picts and the Scots and formed a kingdom in central Scotland. Eventually, this kingdom expanded to include Strathclyde and Lothian which were originally part of Northumbria. He removed the fatal Marble Stone from Argyle to Scone or Fort Trvist, the old palace of the Pict kings. He transferred the seat of the Pict bishop from Abernethy or Saint-Andrews. This Celtic monarchy lasted until Macbeth's reign ended in 1057, and Malcolm III who had been educated in England and had an English wife came to the throne (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I833.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Stewart Ross, Monarchs of Scotland, Page 19.). Died: in 858 at , Perth, Scotland, Kenneth died on Tuesday of the Ides of February 858, though some Scot sources indicate he died in 854 and is buried in Icilmkill (Internet, http://www.ed.ac.uk/~gar/Family/links/I833.html as of 28 October 1998.) (Dickinson, Scotland to 1603, Page 52.).

3649. N?12 N? Married before 836: Kenneth I, King of Scots,, son of Alpin, King of Kintyre and N? N?

3840. Aethelwulf, King of12 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-40.). AKA: Aethelwulf, King of Kent. AKA: Aethelwulf, King of Wessex. Born: circa 806 at Wessex, England, son of Egbert, King of England and Redburga=Raedburh N? (Stuart, Page 171.). Married circa 839: Osburh of England,, daughter of Olac, Princerna Regis of England and N? N? (Aethelwulf visited Rome in 839, and Osburh was his first wife). Annulled he and Osburh of England: in 853 (an unknown value). Married on 1 Oct 856 at Wessex, England: Judith, Princess de France,, daughter of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans (Stuart, Page 171.). Died: on 13 Jan 858 at England (Ibid.).

3841. Osburh of12 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-40.). Born: circa 810 at Wessex, England, daughter of Olac, Princerna Regis of England and N? N? (Stuart, Page 171.). Married circa 839: Aethelwulf, King of England,, son of Egbert, King of England and Redburga=Raedburh N? (Aethelwulf visited Rome in 839, and Osburh was his first wife). Annulled she and Aethelwulf, King of England: in 853 (an unknown value). Died: after 876 (Stuart, Page 171.).

3842. Aethelred12 Mucil (Stuart, Page 174, Line 238-40.). AKA: Aethelred, Earldorman of Gainsborough. Born: before 837 at England Aethelred is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Ealhswith was born. Married before 852: Eadburh=Edburga of Mercia.

3843. Eadburh=Edburga of12 Mercia (Stuart, Page 174.). Born: before 837 at Mercia, England Eadburh is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ealhswith was born. Married before 852: Aethelred Mucil.

4000. Gebhard, Count12 von Nieder-Lhangau (Stuart, Page 245, Line 351-39.). Born: before 832, son of Udo, Count de Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?, Gebhard was alive in the year 832. Married before 873: N? N? Died: after 879 Gebhard was alive in the year 879.

4001. N?12 N? Married before 873: Gebhard, Count von Nieder-Lhangau,, son of Udo, Count de Nieder-Lhangau and N? N?

4004. Pépin II, Lord12 de Péronne (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 192, 255.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 168, Line 231-38.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 424.). AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Senlis. AKA: Pépin, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin Saint-Quentin took its name from the missionary Caius Quintinus, decapitated in 287 (Abbott, Page 127.). AKA: Pépin II, Prince of Italy. AKA: Pépin, Count de Vermandois. Born: in 817 at Saint Quentin, Vermandois, France, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N? Married before 840: N? N? Died: in 845.

4005. N?12 N? Married before 840: Pépin II, Lord de Péronne,, son of Bernard, King of Italy and Kunigund=Cunigunde N?

4006. Guérin I, Count12 de Morvois (Stuart, Page 194, Line 264-38.). Born: before 844 Guérin I is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Eve de Roussillon,, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours.

4007. Eve12 de Roussillon (Ibid.). Married Name: de Morvois. Born: before 847 at France, daughter of Gérard de Roussillon and Berthe de Tours, Eve is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Béatrice was born. Married before 862: Guérin I, Count de Morvois.

4016. Conrad II, Count12 d'Auxerre (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-37; Page 214, Line 300-39.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.). AKA: Conrad II, Count de Paris. AKA: Conrad II, Margrave de Bourgogne. Occupation: Conrad II was the Count of Paris and Margrave of Transjurane Burgundy. He was also the Lay Abbott of Saint Moritz. Born: in 825 at France, son of Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours. Married before 870: Waldrade=Vaudrie d'Alsace. Died: between 0872 and 0876 at Auvergne, France.

4017. Waldrade=Vaudrie12 d'Alsace (Stuart, Page 133, Line 175-37; Page 214, Line 300-39.). Married Name: d'Auxerre. Born: before 811 Waldrade is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ide was born. Vaudrie is thought to have been an Alsacian Étichonid. Married before 870: Conrad II, Count d'Auxerre,, son of Conrad I, Count d'Auxerre and Adélaïde=Aélis de Tours.

4018. Boson, King12 de Provence (Rosamond, Page 259.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 215.) (Stuart, Page 241, Line 343-39.) (Abbott, Page 499.) (Keats- Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 227.). AKA: Boson II, King de Bourgogne Boson II became King of Lower Burgundy in 879. AKA: Boson II, Comte de Vienne Boson II became Count of Vienne in 870. AKA: Boson II, Count de Bourges. Born: before 854, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles, Boson II is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he became Count. Note - between 0869 and 0882: In 869, Boson II's sister Richilde married Charles the Bald. In 871, he was made Count of Vienne, and became the Count of Bourges a year later. After arranging an exchange with Count Theudebert of Vermandois, Boson also acquired the Countship of Autun, so that his territory included most of Burgundy and Provence including the regions of the Lyonnais and Viennois. When Charles the Bald was crowned emperor in 875, he made Boson his dux et missus Italiae sacrique palatii archiminister. In other words, Boson ruled Italy for Charles, and once there took the opportunity to marry Ermengarde, daughter of Emperor Louis II. He was the King of Provence from 879 to 887, being elected at Montaille (near Vienne) on 15-Oct-879 the King of Burgundy. As soon as he was crowned, he consolidated his position, appointed the powerful bishop of Autun, Adalgar as his archchancellor, and made Geilo, Abbot of Tournus, the bishop of Langres. There was also some collusion between Boson and his Lotharingian countrymen who had rallied in support of Hugh, Lothar II's bastard, in his attempt to claim the right to rule Lotharingia. Boson's elevation and Hugh's pretentions had the effect of uniting all the Carolingians - Louis the Younger (Le Jeune), Charles the Fat (Le Gros), Louis III and Carloman - and their supporters against him. Hugh was dealt with quickly, but Boson presented a more serious obstacle to Charles Le Gros as well as to Carloman and Hugh the Abbot. Charles seized the Italian lands of Boso's mother-in-law Engelberge, kidnapped Engelberge herself, appropriated the temporal of the archbishopric of Besançon and occupied Lausanne. By 881, Boson had lost the Jura and transjurane region to Charles Le Gros. The county of Autun was conferred on Richard, Boson's brother, who supported Carloman from then on. In 882, Vienne was attacked by the Frankish army under Richard who captured Boson's wife and his daughter. Abandoned by the Pope, his brother and his chancellor who defected to Charles Le Gros, and forsaken by the bishops and counts, Boson died in historical obscurity. Married in 876 at France: Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of Italy,, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: on 11 Jan 887 at Vienne, Isère, Dauphiné, France. 4019. Ermengarde=Trungard, Princess of12 Italy (André Roux: Scrolls, 194.) (Rosamond, Page 259.) (Stuart, Page 14, Line 25-40.). Married Name: Ermengarde, Queen de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in 852, daughter of Louis II, King of Italy and Engelberge de Spolète. Married in 876 at France: Boson, King de Provence,, son of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles (Ermengarde would become Queen of Provence through her marriage with Boson). Died: in 896.

4020. Berkhard, Count12 de Bar (Stuart, Page 242, Line 345-39.). AKA: Berkhard, Marquis of both Rhaetias. AKA: Berkhard, Count de Bertoldbar. Born: circa 865, son of Adalbert II, Count de Thurgovie and Judith de Friuli, Berkhard is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Burckhardt was born. Married before 885: N? N? Died: in 911 Berkhard was slain.

4021. N?12 N? Married before 885: Berkhard, Count de Bar,, son of Adalbert II, Count de Thurgovie and Judith de Friuli.

4022. Éberhard II, Count12 de Thurgovie (Stuart, Page 75, Line 98-34.). AKA: Éberhard II, Count von Zurichgau. Born: circa 890, son of Adalbert III, Count von Zurichgau and N? N? Married before 896: Gisèle de Nullenburg. Died: circa 929.

4023. Gisèle12 de Nullenburg (Ibid.). Married Name: de Thurgovie. Born: before 881 Gisèle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Régelinde was born. Married before 896: Éberhard II, Count de Thurgovie,, son of Adalbert III, Count von Zurichgau and N? N?

4024. Louis II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-38.) (Augé.) (Rosamond, Page 258.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 387.). AKA: Louis II, King d'Aquitaine. Also Known As: Louis "Le Bègue." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in Nov 846 at Compiègne, Oise, Ile-de-France, France, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Married in 862: Ansgarde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Hardouin, Count de Bourgogne (She was given in marriage to Louis by her brother, Odon, often confused with Odon, Count of Troyes, an older man and one of Louis' detractors) (Rosamond, Page 185.). Note - between 0867 and 0879: Louis II was the King of Aquitaine from 867 to 879 and became King of France in 877, crowned at Compiègne by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims on 8 October. If the children and grandchildren of Charlemagne had an easy time ascending to the throne by virtue of their parentage, the same is not true for Louis. Louis had to be elected by the Greats - the nobles whose power had been growing steadily - and they conceded only after having received countships and additional powers. Moreover, Louis had to accept the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Hughes, Marquis of Neustria who also received the countship of Tours. He died 16 months later while making preparations to reprimand Bernard, Duke of Septimanie. Upon his death, nobles, looking to enhance their own power saw the kingdom partitioned between Louis III and Carloman, who were both crowned and anointed at Ferrières in September 879 by Ansegis, Archbishop of Sens. Louis III's portion comprised Francia and Neustria, and Carloman ruled Burgundy, Aquitaine and Gothia. Married between 0868 and 0869: Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris,, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N? Died: on 11 Apr 879 at France at age 32 Louis II died sooner than expected after having divided his kingdom between his two sons, Louis III and Carloman. To the older son went Francia and Neustria; and to the younger went Bourgogne, Aquitaine and the Marche of Spain. This creation of two kingdoms is highly disputed because the two sons are not viewed by some as legitimate because Charles le Chauve had not officially recognized Louis marriage to Ansgarde. Louis was not favored, and on 15 October 879, Provence and Bourgogne recognize Richilde's (Charles le Chauve's widow) brother, Bozon. Moreover, Louis, son of Louis le Germanique, also lays claim to the throne of France. Thus, to make matters rather complicated there exists three kings of France at this time.

4025. Adélaïde=Adelheid12 de Paris (Rosamond.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 245, Line 350-38.) (Augé.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 855, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermentrude was born. Married between 0868 and 0869: Louis II, King de France,, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Died: after 10 Nov 901.

4026. Edward I, King of12 England (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-38.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.). Also Known As: Edward "The Elder." AKA: Édouard "L'Ancien" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 875 at Wessex, England, son of Elfred, King of Wessex and Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia. Significant-Other: Elfleda de Bernicie before 894 at England - She was a beautiful shepherdess who, after having dreamed that the moon shone from her womb, led Edward the Elder to have her conceive Athelstan. Note - between 0899 and 0924: Edward the Elder was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 899 to 925. He was a Bretwala (king of Kings). AKA: Edward I, King of d'Estanglie Anglia (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Essex (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Sussex (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of de Mercie Mercia (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Wessex (Ibid.). AKA: Edward I, King of Kent (Ibid.). Married in 919 at Berkshire, England: Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent,, daughter of Sigehelm, Earldorman of Kent and N? N? (Eadgifu was Edward I's third wife). Died: in Jul 924 at Farndon-on-Dee, Ferrington, Farrington, Berkshire, England.

4027. Eadgifu=Edgiva of12 Kent (Stuart, Page 171, Line 233-38.) (Stuart, Page 171.). Married Name: Eadgifu of England. Born: circa 896 at Kent, England, daughter of Sigehelm, Earldorman of Kent and N? N? Married in 919 at Berkshire, England: Edward I, King of England,, son of Elfred, King of Wessex and Ealhswit = Ethelswitha Sighelm of Mercia (Eadgifu was Edward I's third wife). Died: on 25 Aug 968 at England.

4028. Otton, Dux12 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Rosamond.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-37.) (von Redlich, Page 63.). AKA: Otto von Erlauchten. Also Known As: Otton "Le Grand." Born: in 835, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Married in 869: Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière,, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière. AKA: Otton, Count in de Turinge Otton was Count in South Thuringia (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 13 Nov 912. Buried: on 30 Nov 912.

4029. Hadwige=Hathui, Princess12 de Bavière (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 May 1994 at 22:25 Hours.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 863, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière, At age 13, Hadwige would be assumed to have her first child, which also assumes her father was 13 when she was born. There are divergent views as to Hedwige's parentage. Weis' "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" [6th. Ed., 1988, Line 141 (42)] shows Arnulf as her father. Other sources [E.S., 1980's Edition, via Paul Theroff] indicate Hadwige's father as Heinrich, Margrave of the Northern Mark. PaterAlter circa 863 Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière/Henri, Duke d'Austrasie (an unknown value). Married in 869: Otton, Dux de Saxe,, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Died: on 24 Dec 903 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). 4030. Théodoric, Count12 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-37.). AKA: Dietrich II, Count de Saxe. Note -: Théodoric was Count of the Saxon Hamalant. Born: before 856, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau, Théodoric is presumed to have been at least 17 years old by the time his daughter,, Amalrada, was born. Married before 870: Reginhilde de Friesland,, daughter of Godefrid, King of Haithabu and Gisela N? Married in 882: Gisèle de Lorraine,, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Died: on 8 Feb 917.

4031. Gisèle12 de Lorraine (Ibid.). Married Name: de Ringelheim. Born: between 0863 and 0865, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Married in 882: Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim,, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau. Died: before 26 Oct 907.

4032. Eberhard II, Count12 de Nordgau (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-40.). AKA: Wichman, Count of Hamelant. AKA: Eberhard II, Count of Hamelant Eberhard was Count 846-884 (Genealogy BB of Prodigy Svcs., by Gary Murray [Prodigy ID# SJJA18A] under Subject "de Lorraine", 31 October 1997 at 14:29 Hours.). Born: before 831, son of Meginhard I, Count of Hamelant and N? N?, Eberhard II was Count in the year 846 and is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by that time. Married before 865: Evesna=Evesa N? Died: after 884 Eberhard II was alive in the year 884.

4033. Evesna=Evesa12 N? (Stuart, Page 150, Line 202-40.). Married Name: de Nordgau. Born: before 850 Evesna is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Eberhard III was born. Evesna was a Saxon. Married before 865: Eberhard II, Count de Nordgau,, son of Meginhard I, Count of Hamelant and N? N?

4046. Louis II, King12 de France (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-38.) (Augé.) (Rosamond, Page 258.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Page 387.). AKA: Louis II, King d'Aquitaine. Also Known As: Louis "Le Bègue." AKA: Louis II, King de Provence (Abbott, Page 499.). Born: in Nov 846 at Compiègne, Oise, Ile-de-France, France, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Married in 862: Ansgarde de Bourgogne,, daughter of Hardouin, Count de Bourgogne (She was given in marriage to Louis by her brother, Odon, often confused with Odon, Count of Troyes, an older man and one of Louis' detractors) (Rosamond, Page 185.). Note - between 0867 and 0879: Louis II was the King of Aquitaine from 867 to 879 and became King of France in 877, crowned at Compiègne by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims on 8 October. If the children and grandchildren of Charlemagne had an easy time ascending to the throne by virtue of their parentage, the same is not true for Louis. Louis had to be elected by the Greats - the nobles whose power had been growing steadily - and they conceded only after having received countships and additional powers. Moreover, Louis had to accept the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Hughes, Marquis of Neustria who also received the countship of Tours. He died 16 months later while making preparations to reprimand Bernard, Duke of Septimanie. Upon his death, nobles, looking to enhance their own power saw the kingdom partitioned between Louis III and Carloman, who were both crowned and anointed at Ferrières in September 879 by Ansegis, Archbishop of Sens. Louis III's portion comprised Francia and Neustria, and Carloman ruled Burgundy, Aquitaine and Gothia. Married between 0868 and 0869: Adélaïde=Adelheid de Paris,, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N? Died: on 11 Apr 879 at France at age 32 Louis II died sooner than expected after having divided his kingdom between his two sons, Louis III and Carloman. To the older son went Francia and Neustria; and to the younger went Bourgogne, Aquitaine and the Marche of Spain. This creation of two kingdoms is highly disputed because the two sons are not viewed by some as legitimate because Charles le Chauve had not officially recognized Louis marriage to Ansgarde. Louis was not favored, and on 15 October 879, Provence and Bourgogne recognize Richilde's (Charles le Chauve's widow) brother, Bozon. Moreover, Louis, son of Louis le Germanique, also lays claim to the throne of France. Thus, to make matters rather complicated there exists three kings of France at this time.

4047. Adélaïde=Adelheid12 de Paris (Rosamond.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 245, Line 350-38.) (Augé.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 855, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris and N? N?, Adélaïde is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter Ermentrude was born. Married between 0868 and 0869: Louis II, King de France,, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orléans. Died: after 10 Nov 901.

4088. Otton, Dux12 de Saxe (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Rosamond.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 69, Line 92-37.) (von Redlich, Page 63.). AKA: Otto von Erlauchten. Also Known As: Otton "Le Grand." Born: in 835, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Married in 869: Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière,, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière. AKA: Otton, Count in de Turinge Otton was Count in South Thuringia (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.). Died: on 13 Nov 912. Buried: on 30 Nov 912.

4089. Hadwige=Hathui, Princess12 de Bavière (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Augé.) (Stuart, Page 131, Line 172-38.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 May 1994 at 22:25 Hours.). Married Name: de Saxe. Born: circa 863, daughter of Arnulf, Emperor of Germany and Oda de Bavière, At age 13, Hadwige would be assumed to have her first child, which also assumes her father was 13 when she was born. There are divergent views as to Hedwige's parentage. Weis' "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" [6th. Ed., 1988, Line 141 (42)] shows Arnulf as her father. Other sources [E.S., 1980's Edition, via Paul Theroff] indicate Hadwige's father as Heinrich, Margrave of the Northern Mark. PaterAlter circa 863 Hadwige=Hathui, Princess de Bavière/Henri, Duke d'Austrasie (an unknown value). Married in 869: Otton, Dux de Saxe,, son of Liudolf, Dux de Saxe and Oda de Franconia, Princess d'Austrasie. Died: on 24 Dec 903 (Perro, Ancient, Royal, Colonial Ancestry, Page 28 [2-Feb-95 @ 15:06 Hrs], Citing A.G. Moriarty: "The Ancestry of King Edward III, The Plantagenets"; F. Weiss & W.L. Sheppard "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists:, 5th. Ed.).

4090. Théodoric, Count12 de Ringelheim (André Roux: Scrolls, 113.) (Stuart, Page 239, Line 338-37.). AKA: Dietrich II, Count de Saxe. Note -: Théodoric was Count of the Saxon Hamalant. Born: before 856, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau, Théodoric is presumed to have been at least 17 years old by the time his daughter,, Amalrada, was born. Married before 870: Reginhilde de Friesland,, daughter of Godefrid, King of Haithabu and Gisela N? Married in 882: Gisèle de Lorraine,, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Died: on 8 Feb 917.

4091. Gisèle12 de Lorraine (Ibid.). Married Name: de Ringelheim. Born: between 0863 and 0865, daughter of Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine and Waldrade d'Alsace. Married in 882: Théodoric, Count de Ringelheim,, son of N. von Threkwitigau and Mathilda von Ittergau. Died: before 26 Oct 907.

Printed on: 2 Nov 2016 Prepared by: Michael J.M. Raffin, Ph.D. USA [email protected] http://Doc5thMech.com

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