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Revista Papers 32 publicació de la lliga dels drets dels pobles núm. 32/2005 Monogràfic: ÀFRICA es la cooperación con Àfrica un camino para la paz? Jean Pierre Malé/ África, el continente incómodo / medicaments que no curen / lligams familiars en l’entorn urbà i rural de Costa d’Ivori / Costa d’Ivori: el teixit social es mobilitza malgrat el conflicte / la música del continent oblidat / una pinzellada al cinema africà actual LLIGA DELS DRETS SumariSumari DELS POBLES Des de la junta... 2 Isidre Carné Opinió Es la cooperación con África Des de la junta un camino para la paz? 3 Jean Pierre Malé Retalls de Premsa 6 Isabel Ruíz Història Àfrica, el continente incómodo 7 José Maria Perceval Cooperació Medicaments que no curen 12 Campanya medicaments que no curen Opinió Lligams familiars en l’entorn urbà La majoria de catalans tenen una imatge de l’À- i rural de Costa d’Ivori 14 frica associada a la conflictivitat: guerres, corrup- Maite Vila ció, fam, sida, mortalitat infantil, analfabetisme... Opinió És cert que els mitjans de comunicació contribuei- Costa d’Ivori: el teixit social es mobilitza malgrat el conflicte 16 xen força a transmetre aquesta visió exclusiva- N’Guessan Yao ment negativa, però les ONG també en som res- Música ponsables en part. Massa sovint hem accentuat, a fi La música del continent oblidat 18 i efecte de despertar les consciències dels nostres Carme Ferrer conciutadans, els trets més problemàtics. Ja va sent Cinema hora que rebutgem aquest clixé i presentem una Una pinzellada al cinema africà actual 20 Àfrica viva, rica en la seva diversitat lingüística, Isabel Ruíz cultural, social, econòmica, artística, musical, etc. Biblioteca Una Àfrica quotidiana, on els éssers humans tenen Bibliografia destacada 22 les mateixes preocupacions quotidianes que nosal- Activitats de la Lliga 23 tres (viure i sobreviure) i les mateixes il·lusions per esdevenir feliços. Una Àfrica urbana i rural in- Revista Papers certa, no sense contrastos, al segle XXI. Que vol ju- gar un paper protagonista i no ésser tan sols sub- Edita Lliga dels Drets dels Pobles Tiratge 1.500 exemplars sidiària. En aquesta tasca hem de cedir la veu als Data d’edició Abril de 2005 africans. Nosaltres, ho hem de reconèixer, no dei- Consell de Redacció Carme Ferrer, Rita Huybens, Neus Morgui, Albert Roig, Isabel Ruíz, xem de tenir, amb més o menys nivell i amb dife- Salvador Sort i Xavi Zulet. rents sensibilitats, una educació i una visió euro- Revista trimestral Disseny i Impressió Impremta Dit i fet cèntrica. Els membres de les ONG parlem massa Revisió lingüística Consorci per a la Normalització dels africans. Hem de passar a un segon terme i Lingüística que siguin els africans els veritables subjectes res- LLIGA DELS DRETS DEL POBLES ponsables i portaveus de la seves realitats. Ells ma- Adreça Carrer Sant Isidre, 140 (Ca l’Estruch) 08208 SABADELL teixos han de formar part de les ONG com a mem- Adreça Postal Apartat de Correus 2045 bres, i integrar progressivament els quadres dels 08200 SABADELL Telèfon i Fax 93 723 71 02 equips de coordinació i direcció. Així les ONG Web www.lligadelsdretsdelspobles.org també esdevindran una mirada blanca i una mi- Adreça electrònica [email protected] Horari d’atenció rada negra. al públic De dilluns a divendres de 17 a 21 h Disposem d’una biblioteca especialitzada en drets humans, desenvolupament, cultura de pau, política, pobles indígenes, món àrab i musulmà... on trobareu informació alternativa a la dominant. Podeu consultar el fons bibliogràfic al nostre amb el suport de: web. L’horari de consulta de la biblioteca és de dilluns a divendres de 17 a 21 h. La Lliga dels Drets dels Pobles no comparteix necessàriament l’opinió dels autors dels articles publicats en la revista. Respectem la llengua original en què s’han escrit els articles. La Lliga dels Drets dels Pobles agrairà la reproducció i divulga- Isidre Carné ció dels continguts d’aquesta sempre i quan se citi la font. Fotografia de portada: Pere Vidal 2 LLIGA DELS DRETS opinió DELS POBLES Nos tenemos que plantear hacer otra cooperación con África Es la cooperación actual con África un camino para la paz? África y la cooperación al desarrollo son dos elementos que aparecen a la opinión pública como prácticamente indisociables. África es el símbolo por excelencia de la cooperación al desarrollo y es vista como el conti- nente más pobre, necesitado, an- clado en tradiciones consideradas como obsoletas y el más castigado por las guerras o las hambrunas y en el cual aparece más legítima y menos discutible una intervención externa. A la inversa, la cooperación y el vo- lumen de ayuda que mueve apare- cen como vitales para la población africana e indispensables para sa- car este continente del subdesarro- llo. La cooperación se ve por tanto como la salvación de África, y el he- Florent Ouedraogo, de l’Association des Volontaires pour le Développement (AVD), cho de que esta salvación se dilate Burkina Faso siempre en el tiempo parece no po- como fenómeno global y no desde por parte de las organizaciones que ner en cuestión la pertinencia de es- el punto de vista de cada proyecto o quieren canalizar esta solidaridad tas acciones sino que su volumen es acción concreta. La cooperación al hacia una transformación de las re- todavía insuficiente. desarrollo está enmarcada dentro laciones entre el Norte y el Sur, ya Así pues, África y la cooperación al de un contexto global de agresión al que descubrimos que somos actual- desarrollo se necesitan mutua- continente africano por parte de los mente prisioneros del marco geopo- mente. Se ve la cooperación como países ricos y está utilizada como lítico y del sistema de financiación un proceso justificado y necesario un mecanismo más de presión, pe- que condicionan las acciones de co- ya que se dirige, en el caso africano, netración cultural y puesta en de- operación. Ahora bien, el hecho de a los países “menos avanzados” del pendencia. Si bien esta crítica se di- tomar consciencia del marco en el planeta, contribuye a una mayor rige ante todo a la cooperación ofi- cual actuamos y de la manera en justicia internacional y alivia el su- cial, que sigue siendo el núcleo cen- que se nos hace trabajar en África, frimiento de las poblaciones más tral, la cooperación no guberna- debe llevarnos a plantearnos como vulnerables. Pero antes de adhe- mental está canalizada y orientada hacer otra cooperación, es decir rirse a esta formulación y de recla- a través de diferentes mecanismos como establecer con las sociedades mar un aumento cuantitativo de que la condicionan y hacen que no del Sur otro tipo de relaciones me- esta cooperación, es necesario exa- se libre del todo de esta crítica. nos condicionadas por los intereses minar su orientación, su contenido del Norte y por nuestros modelos y sus efectos. Esta toma de consciencia es dolo- occidentales. rosa por quienes buscamos la mejor Es importante analizar la coopera- manera de expresar nuestra solida- Para entender el significado real de ción, considerándola en su conjunto ridad con las sociedades africanas o la cooperación al desarrollo y la 3 opinió La cooperación actual está marcada por una agresión económica, una dominación poítica y un intento de sumisión cultural ayuda internacional, hemos de resi- tereses occidentales, mediante me- de un mercado libre y a través de tuar este mecanismo en su contexto canismos de participación en los mecanismos pacíficos de acumula- global. Hemos de considerar la coo- beneficios o de corrupción abierta o ción y de expoliación. El continente peración dentro del contexto geopo- disfrazada. africano se caracteriza así, por ser lítico y cultural en el cual se sitúa y un continente agredido i dominado interactúa. Este contexto está mar- Para dar mayor estabilidad a largo por los países y los intereses del cado por una agresión económica, plazo a este sistema de domina- Norte, pero que no manifiesta de una dominación política y un in- ción, los poderes occidentales pro- forma abierta o violenta su rechazo tento de sumisión cultural, por curan anclarlo en una dominación a esta situación. Al contrario, en los parte de los poderes occidentales, cultural. La imposición del modelo países africanos, la dominación oc- es decir por parte de los gobiernos social y cultural occidental -como cidental parece aceptada y tole- de los países ricos y de las firmas único modelo para el futuro- y la rada. Las guerras o luchas que transnacionales (recordamos que conversión de las elites intelectua- atraviesan el continente se inter- las riquezas naturales africanas es- les locales a la modernización al pretan más a partir de causas loca- tán en manos de firmas occidenta- estilo occidental son los instrumen- les que de injerencias internaciona- les y los mercados de materias pri- tos principales que permiten asen- les y las resistencias, cuando las mas están controlados y manipula- tar la dominación del Norte y hacer hay, parecen ser más resistencias dos desde el Norte). que esta dominación no necesite culturales difusas que enfrenta- aparentemente mecanismos de im- mientos abiertos con los países ri- La seguridad de las inversiones ex- posición violenta, si no es en situa- cos y sus representantes locales, tranjeras exigen a su vez un control ciones de crisis. De hecho, Occi- salvo situaciones puntuales. En político que se realiza, desde la dente está instalado en una especie cuanto a las formas de resistencia época de la descolonización, por vía de guerra invisible en el terreno política, si las hay, se puede decir indirecta, a través de los gobiernos económico, político y cultural y que no adoptan unas formas reco- locales que están generalmente li- ejerce una violencia estructural nocibles y homologables desde la gados económicamente con los in- que actúa de manera difusa, dentro perspectiva occidental.
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