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ISSN: 2640-7906 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojps LIFE SCIENCES

S Rajeshwari* and SP Sevarkodiyone Review Article Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous) Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India Medicinal properties of Abutilon Indicum Received: 20 June, 2018 Accepted: 04 July, 2018 Published: 05 July, 2018

*Corresponding author: S Rajeshwari, Department of Abstract Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autono- mous) Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu - 626 124, India, Abutilon indicum is a common Indian shrub, belonging to the family Malvaceae; Also known as Mallow E-mail: in english, Abutilon indicum is used as a medicinal plant. It has been extensively used as a traditional medicine as a laxative, emollient, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-infl ammatory and blood tonic agent and Keywords: Abutilon indicum; Medicinal; Plant also in the treatment of leprosy, urinary disease, jaundice, piles, relieving thirst, cleaning wounds and https://www.peertechz.com ulcers, vaginal infections, diarrhea, rheumatism, mumps, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, allergy, blood dysentery, some nervous and some ear problems. Various studies on the plant extract have been performed to confi rm the anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, analgesic, anti-infl ammatory, anti-cancer, hepato- protective, immuno-modulatory and larvicidal activities of the plant. This plant is often used as a medicinal plant and is considered invasive on certain tropical islands. In traditional medicine, A. indicum is used as a aphrodisiac, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, pulmonary and sedative (leaves). The bark is astringent and diuretic; laxative, expectorant and demulcent (seeds); laxative and tonic, anti-infl ammatory and anthelmintic (plant); analgesic (fi xed oil); diuretic and for leprosy (roots). The plant is very much used in Siddha medicines. In fact, the bark, root, leaves, fl owers and seeds are all used for medicinal purposes by Tamils. The leaves are also used to treat for pile complaints. The fl owers are traditionally used to increase semen in men. The phytochemical analysis showed the Presence of Alkaloid, Saponins, Amino acid, Flavonoids, Glycosides and steroids. This plant exhibits several potential pharmacological activities. A review on the various studies on the plant has been provided for the purpose of understanding its medicinal properties.

Introduction Distribution

Abutilon indicum, commonly called as “Thuthi” or “Kanghi” Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet family Malvaceae commonly in hindi, is a native plant of South Asia. Nature is a best friend called as ‘Country mallow’ (English), ‘Kanghi’ (Hindi) and of our pharmacy fi eld. Natural drugs are effective in action ‘Atibala’ (Sanskrit). It is a perennial shrub, softly tomentose and up to 3 m in height. The plant is found in India, Sri Lanka, without side effects. Abutilon indicum (Linn.) sweet (Malvaceae) topical regions of America an Malesia [3]. It is found as a weed commonly called ‘Country Mallow’ is a perennial plant up to in sub-Himalayan tracts, hills up to 1200 m and in hotter parts 3 m in height. Medicinal plants are the nature’s gift to human of India. beings to make disease free healthy life. It plays a vital role to preserve our health. India is one of the most medico- culturally Botanical description diverse countries in the world where the medicinal plant The leaves are ovate, acuminate, toothed, rarely subtrilobate sector is a part of time- honored tradition that is a respected and 1.9-2.5 cm long. The fl owers are yellow in color, peduncle even today. Here, the main traditional systems of medicine jointed above the middle. The petioles 3.8-7.5 cm long; stipules include Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha [1]. In India different 9 mm long; pedicels often 2.5-5 mm long, axillary solitary, parts of medicinal plants have been used for curing various jointed very near the top; calyx 12.8 mm long, divided in to diseases from ancient times. In this regard, one such plant is middle, lobes ovate, apiculate and corolla 2.5 cm diameter, Abutilon indicum. The Abutilon L. genus of the Malvaceae family yellow, opening in the evening. The fruits are capsule, densely comprises about 150 annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or even pubescent, with conspicuous and horizontally spreading beaks. small trees widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical The stems are stout, branched, 1-2 m tall, pubescent. The seeds countries of America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Some of the are 3-5 mm, reniform, tubercled or minutely stellate-hairy, plants belonging to the species are amongst much acclaimed black or dark brown [4,5]. Ayurvedic herbs and in the recent past there has been a renewed Synonyms: Rishyaprokta, Kankatika, Balika, Rishagadha, scientifi c interest in exploring the specie [2]. Bhuribala.

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Citation: Rajeshwari S, Sevarkodiyone SP (2018) Medicinal properties of Abutilon Indicum. Open J Plant Sci 3(1): 022-025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000011 Synonym(s): Sida indica L., in piles and in the treatment of cough. The Phyto chemical in- vestigation of A. indicum leaves showed the presence of amino Vernacular names of Abutilon Indicum acids, glu cose, fructose and galactose. From the roots, non– drying oil consisting of various fatty acids viz. linoleic, oleic, Hindi - Kanghi, Kakahi stearic, palmitic, lauric, myris tic, caprylic, capric and unusual English - Country mallow, Indian mallows fatty acid having C [6], carbon skeleton, sitosterol, and amyrin from unsaponifi able matter were yielded. Bengali - Petari Research on Abutilon Indicum Malayalam - Dabi, Uram Analgesic and anti-infl ammatory activity Guajarati - Khapat, Kansi, Dabli Anti diabetic activity Marathi - Mudra, Petari Anti oxidant potential Tamil -Tutti, Paniara, Hutti Major chemical comstituents Telugu -Tutturubenda Hescoses, nn-alkane mixtures, alkanols, B sitasterol, Scientifi c classifi cation Vanilllic, p-coumaric, acceic, fumaric and amino acids, alantaolactone, iso alantolactone etc. Kingdo: Plantae Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of A. Indicum Order: Malvales Investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of A. Family: Malvaceae indicum and A. muticum. Total antioxidant activity of both oils Genus: Abutilon was checked by ABTS, FRAP, DPPH and oleic acid peroxidation methods. These methods indicated the presence of both the Species: Abutilon Indicum slow reacting and fast reacting components in the seed oils of both the herbs. The seed oil of Abutilon indicum and Abutilon Common name: Abutilon, Indian mallow. muticum showed broad spectrum activity as they were active Habitat: Present in sub-Himalayan tract and hills up to against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The 1,200 m and hotter parts of India. fi ndings reveal seeds of Abutilon species, indigenous to Pakistan to be potentially valuable herb for oil production, delivery of Traditional applications drugs and cosmetic active ingredients [7].

It is useful in gout, tuberculosis, ulcers, bleed ing disorders, Analgesic activity of A. Indicum and worms. It can be used as Digestive, laxative, expec- torant, diuretic, astringent, analgesic, anti infl ammatory, Analgesic potential of various extracts of root of Abutilon anthelmintic, demulcent and aphrodisiac. Decoction used in indicum Linn was evaluated by [8]. They subjected the powdered toothache and tender gums. Demulcents of leaves are locally root (900 g) to successive solvent extraction with solvents in applied to boils and ulcers. Roots are prescribed in fever, chest increasing order of polarity viz. petroleum ether (60-80 C°), affection and urethrities. Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Figure 1 is methanol and ethanol by soxhlet apparatus for 72 hrs. They three meter in height. Traditionally, Root and bark are used extracted marc by cold maceration for 72 hrs to obtain water as aphrodisiac, anti diabetic, nervine tonic, and diuretic. Seeds soluble extract. Peripheral analgesic activity was studied using are used in urinary disorders. The seeds are used as a laxative acetic acid induced writhing method in Swiss albino mice (20- 30 g) while central analgesic activity was evaluated by tail fl ick method and tail immersion method. Results indicated that all the tested extracts except methanol extract exhibited signifi cant analgesic activity in both animals’ models. Petroleum ether extract showed higher analgesic activity. The activity may be related with central mechanism or due to peripheral analgesic mechanisms. Thus they authenticated the traditional use of A. Indicum.

Anti-infl ammatory activity of A. Indicum

Anti-infl ammatory action of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet leaves by HRBC membrane stabilization technique was investigated The ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts of the leaves were screened for anti-infl ammatory activity.

Figure 1: Abutilon indicum. They have taken the prevention of hypotonicity induced HRBC 023

Citation: Rajeshwari S, Sevarkodiyone SP (2018) Medicinal properties of Abutilon Indicum. Open J Plant Sci 3(1): 022-025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000011 membrane lysis as a measure of anti-infl ammatory activity. immunostimulatory activity on both the specifi c and non All Three fractions showed a biphasic effect on the membrane specifi c immune mechanisms. This activity was said to be stabilization. Their activities were found to be comparable attributed to the presence of fl avonoids (quercetin), alkaloids, to that of standard drug diclofenac sodium. However their tannins, saponin glycosides and phenolic compounds [13]. activities decreased with time. The extracts were supposed to be act either by inhibiting the lysosomal enzymes or by Larvicidal activity of A. Indicum stabilizing the lysosomal membrane [9]. Larvicidal activity of crude ethyl acetate, hexane, acetone, Anticancer activity of A. Indicum petroleum ether and methanol extracts of fi ve medicinal plants such as A. indicum, Aegle marmelos, Jatropha gossypifolia, The study medicinal plants namely Abutilon indicum and Euphorbia thymifolia and Solanum torvum were assayed for Blumea mollis were chosen to screen for potential anti-oxidant their toxicity against the early fourth-instar larvae of Culex proper ties and cytotoxic activity. The extract was also screened quinquefasciatus. The larval mortality was observed after 24h to assess the an tioxidant activity using FRAP, 1, 1-Diphenyl- exposure. All extracts demonstrated moderate larvicidal 2-picrylhydryzyl [DPPH] radical scavenging activity and Nitric effects. However, the maximum larval mortality was found Oxide radical inhibition estimated by the use of Griess Illosvoy in petroleum ether extract of A. indicum. In the present study, reaction with slight modifi cation. These extracts show anti- bioassay-guided fractionation of A. indicum led to the separation oxidant properties as well as inhibitory effect on cancer cells and identifi cation of a -sitosterol as a potential new mosquito with the increased concentration and duration [10]. larvicidal compound with LC50 value of 11.49, 3.58 and 26.67 ppm against Aedes aegypti L, Anopheles stephensi Liston and C. Hepatoprotective activity of A. Indicum quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), respectively. H NMR, C NMR and mass spectral data confi rmed the identifi cation A study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective of the active compound. -sitosterol has been recognized as activity of aqueous leaf extract of the plant against carbon the active ingredient of many medicinal plant extracts. All tetrachloride- and paracetamol- induced hepatotoxicity. The the crude extracts when screened for their larvicidal activities LD50 value of the extract was found to be higher than 4g/kg indicated toxicity against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. body weight when administered orally to rats. The study also This article reports the isolation and identifi cation of the showed that treatment of rats with carbon tetrachloride and -sitosterol as well as bioassay data for the crude extracts. paracetamol increased the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetate There are no reports of -sitosterol in the genus A. indicum and transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, alkaline their larvicidal activities are being evaluated for the fi rst time. phosphate, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin and decreased Results of this study demonstrated that the petroleum ether liver glutathione levels. Pretreatment with the extract decreased extract of A. indicum may be considered as a potent source and the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, serum -sitosterol as a new natural mosquito larvicidal agent [14]. glutamic pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphate, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin and increased liver glutathione Conclusion levels restoring normalcy. This effect was comparable to that of the standard silymarin. The mechanism of action of the The extensive survey literature reviewed that Abutilon extract was found to be due to interference with cytochrome indicum Linn, is an important medicinal plant with diverse P450 which blocked the production of free radicals. It has been pharmacological spectrum. Lot of pharmacological studies speculated that in case of paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, have been carried out with extract of the different parts of the hepatoprotective effect of the extract could be due to the plant. The present review summarizes some important promotion of glucuronidation [11]. pharmacological studies on hepatoprotective, wound healing, immunomodulatory, analgesic, an timalarial, antimicrobial, Immuno modulation activity A. Indicum hypoglycemic activity Abutilon indicum and phytochemical investigations and isolated principles from them, which can “Bala compound” is an Ayurvedic preparation which is be investigated further to achieve lead molecules in the search used to protect infants from common diseases by stimulating of novel herbal drugs. Due to medicinal properties there is their immune system. One of the major ingredients of this enormous scope for future research on Abutilon indicum and Ayurvedic preparation is A.indicum. A clinical study with this further clinical and pharmacological investigation should be compound has confi rmed that administration of the compound conducted to investigate unexploited potential of this plant. to neonates resulted in increase in antibody levels such as IgG, Abutilon indicum have many more pharmacological properties IgM and IgA after three and six months of administration [12]. like, the main chemical constituents are carbohydrates, The immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous steroids, glycosides, fl avonoids, tannins and Phenolic extract of leaves of A. indicum (200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) compounds. Hence this review article, effort has been taken to by heamagglutination antibody (HA) titre, delayed type collect and compile the details notes on Abutilon indicum which hypersensitivity (DTH), neutrophil adhesion test and carbon will be useful to the society to venture into a fi eld of alternative clearance test. Study revealed that extract showed a signifi cant systems of medicine. increase in both primary and secondary HA titre. It also showed signifi cantly potentiated DTH reaction and increase in Acknowledgement percentage neutophil adhesion test. The results of the study reported that both the extracts were found to have a signifi cant The authors thanks the Management, Principal and Head of

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Citation: Rajeshwari S, Sevarkodiyone SP (2018) Medicinal properties of Abutilon Indicum. Open J Plant Sci 3(1): 022-025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000011 the Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, 7. Kashmiri MA, Yasmin S, Ahmad M, Mohy-ud-Din A (2009) Acta Chim Slov 56. Sivakasi for providing facilities to carry out this research work. Link: https://tinyurl.com/ybeqeoqx References 8. Rajurkar R, Jain R, Matake N, Aswar P, Khadbadi SS (2009) Research J Pharm and Tech 2: 415-416 . Link: https://tinyurl.com/y84nudgl 1. Kotnis MS, Patel P, Menon SN, Sane RT (2004) Reneprotective effect of 9. Chandrashekhar VM, Nagappa AN, Channesh TS, Habbu PV, Rao KP (2004) Hemisdesmus indicus a Herbal Drug used in Gentomicin-Induced Renal Antidiar rhoeal activity of Abutilon indicum Linn leaf extract. J Natural Toxicity, Nephrology (Carlton) 3: 142-152. Link: https://tinyurl.com/ybvhmbbc Remedies 1: 12-16. Link: https://tinyurl.com/ycqbsyod

2. Sikorska M, Matlawska I (2008) Polyphenolic compounds from Abutilon 10. Porchezhian E, Ansari SH (2005) Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon grandifl orum leaves. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica – Drug Research, 65: 467- indicum on experimental liver damage in rats. Phytomedicine 12: 62–64. 471. Link: https://tinyurl.com/ya6lctod Link: https://tinyurl.com/ycybmh8c

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Copyright: © 2018 Rajeshwari S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Citation: Rajeshwari S, Sevarkodiyone SP (2018) Medicinal properties of Abutilon Indicum. Open J Plant Sci 3(1): 022-025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000011