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Darwin, Plants and Portugal Autor(Es): Paiva, Jorge Publicado Darwin, plants and Portugal Autor(es): Paiva, Jorge Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/31257 DOI: DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0342-1_4 Accessed : 30-Sep-2021 22:17:11 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. pombalina.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt A presente colecção reúne originais de cultura científica resultantes da investigação no Ana Leonor Pereira | João Rui Pita Pedro Ricardo Fonseca Ana Leonor Pereira One hundred and fifty years ago, more precisely on the 24th of November of 1859, Darwin âmbito da história das ciências e das técnicas, da história da farmácia, da história da Darwin, introduced a new paradigm in natural history with the publication of On the origin of species medicina e de outras dimensões das práticas científicas nas diferentes interfaces com a João Rui Pita by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. As Pedro Ricardo Fonseca epistemology has already acknowledged, the Darwinian theory of descent with modification or sociedade e os media. Colecção Evolution, (eds.) theory of natural selection took around twenty years to be formulated, roughly between 1837 and Ciências e Culturas assume a complexidade das relações históricas entre as práticas Ciências e Culturas 18 1859. The history of Darwinism and of evolution clearly illustrates the fertility of the theory of científicas, o poder político e as utopias sociais. Coimbra 2011 A própria ciência é considerada uma cultura e fonte de culturas como a ficção científica, Evolutionisms natural selection, in the field of the sciences of life and of man, as in the cultural field. Like almost o imaginário tecnológico e outras simbologias enraizadas nas práticas científicas e everywhere else across the globe, Portugal’s reception of Darwin began in the 1860’s, featuring fortemente comprometidas com os respectivos contextos históricos. surprising novelties, especially if we take into account the country’s level of development at the nd Em Ciências e Culturas o e não é apenas união; é relação conjuntiva, fonte de inovação pelo time. The meeting “Darwin, Darwinisms and evolution” took place in Coimbra between the 22 rd enlace de diferentes, como dois mundos abertos um ao outro em contínuo enamoramento. and the 23 of September 2009. This meeting’s main purpose was to provide a space of open discussion to all of those interested in the issue, both on the national and the international level. Ana Leonor Pereira - Doutorada em História da Cultura com a dissertação “Darwin em Portugal. Filosofia. História. Engenharia Social 1865-1914” (2 vols., 1998). É Professora da Faculdade de TÍTULOS PUBLICADOS Letras da Universidade de Coimbra e Investigadora do Grupo de História e Sociologia da Ciência do CEIS20 da mesma Universidade. Tem coordenado e participado em projectos de investigação nacionais e internacionais neste âmbito, alguns financiados pela FCT, FCG e Ministerio de Ciencia 7 - Marco Steinert Santos — Virchow: medicina, ciência e sociedade no seu tempo (2008) e Innovación (Espanha). É autora / co-autora de mais de 150 publicações sob a forma de livros, Darwin, Evolution, Evolutionisms capítulos de livros e artigos publicados em revistas científicas e obras colectivas em Portugal e 8 - Ana Isabel Silva — A Arte de Enfermeiro. Escola de Enfermagem Dr. Ângelo da Fonseca (2008) no estrangeiro e é autora / co-autora de centenas de comunicações e conferências apresentadas em reuniões nacionais e internacionais. Integra redes de investigação internacionais. Além das 9 - Sara Repolho — Sousa Martins: ciência e espiritualismo (2008) teses de mestrado e doutoramento orientadas, em 2011 é orientadora /co-orientadora de onze doutoramentos e pós doutoramentos dos quais nove financiados pela FCT. 10 - Aliete Cunha-Oliveira — Preservativo, Sida e Saúde Pública (2008) João Rui Pita - Doutorado em Farmácia com uma tese de história da farmácia (1995). É Profes- 11 - Jorge André — Ensinar e estudar Matemática em Engenharia (2008) sor da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra e Investigador do Grupo de História e Sociologia da Ciência do CEIS20 da mesma Universidade. Tem coordenado e participado em 12 - Bráulio de Almeida e Sousa — Psicoterapia Institucional: memória e actualidade (2008) 9 789892 601373 projectos de investigação nacionais e internacionais neste âmbito, sendo alguns deles financiados pela FCT, FCG e Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Espanha). É autor de livros, capítulos de livros 13 - Alírio Queirós — A Recepção de Freud em Portugal (2009) e artigos publicados em revistas científicas e obras colectivas em Portugal e no estrangeiro e é autor / co-autor de comunicações e conferências apresentadas em reuniões nacionais e inter- 14 - Augusto Moutinho Borges — Reais Hospitais Militares em Portugal (2009) nacionais.. Além de várias teses de mestrado e doutoramento orientadas, em 2011 é orientador / co-orientador de quinze doutoramentos e pós doutoramentos dos quais doze financiados pela FCT. 15 - João Rui Pita — A Escola de Farmácia de Coimbra (2009) Pedro Ricardo Fonseca - Licenciado em História pela Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de 16 - António Amorim da Costa — Ciência e Mito (2010) Coimbra. É Bolseiro de Doutoramento da FCT inscrito para doutoramento em História da Ciência, da Técnica e da Cultura Científica na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra. É Inves- 17 - António Piedade — Caminhos de Ciência (2011) tigador do Grupo de História e Sociologia da Ciência do CEIS20. O seu tema de doutoramento é “Darwin em Portugal (1910-1974)” sendo orientado pelos Profs Doutores Ana Leonor Pereira e João Rui Pita. É autor de vários trabalhos científicos sobre a temática da sua tese e tem apre- sentado os resultados da sua investigação em reuniõies científicas nacionais e internacionais. verificar medidas da capa/lombada com 10 mm Jorge Paiva Centro de Ecologia Funcional, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal darwIn, plantS and portugal Introduction Charles Darwin’s naturalist preparation started practically with his childhood education, roaming through the countryside, collecting insects, mineral shells and rocks. Still at a young age (16 years old), Darwin learned not only to observe and prepare plants as well as animals, when he went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. There he took the subject of Natural History taught by Robert Jameson and worked with the taxidermist John Edmonstone, a former slave, who taught him embalming. When, at the age of 18, he went to the University of Cambridge, the theoretical and practical preparation given to him by the professor of botany John Stevens Henslow, as well as the contacts he maintained throughout all his life with the botanists of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew, particularly with the respective Director, Joseph Dalton Hooker, were crucial for the botanical works he later developed. Darwin did not simply collect plants during the voyage. He also herborised in Great Britain, so much so, that the oldest specimens collected by him are from August 1831, in Barmouth, Wales (Great Britain). It is a collection deposited in the Herberium of Christ’s College [University of Cambridge (CGE)] During the five year voyage, Darwin collected more than 2600 specimens of plants mounted on 950 herbarium sheets, arquived in the Herbarium of the University of Cambridge (CGE), not counting those collected in Great Britain and the small collections arquived in other Herbariums (BM; COL; E-GL; FI-W; GL; GOET; IH; K; MANCH; MO; NY; OXF; P and U). Many of those specimens are type specimens of the various new species he collected. Darwin did not herborise in an indiscriminated manner, although he declares that he did so in the Galapagos (“On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life”;1859), for his notebooks are filled with botanical commentaries, as well as the books he published, some (seven) exclusively on plants. The books he wrote on plants were a result not only of his literary culture (reading and sharing of opinions he made, in writing and orally, with various botanists and collectors), as well as from observations and experiences he did at his propriety in Down (Kent, England). Thus, he selectively cultivated (Artificial Selection) around 54 varieties of gooseberries and many of bean plants, pea plants and cabbages; he carried out interesting experiences, particularly with insectivorous plants; wrote essays
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