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AGARICA Mykologisk tidsskrift utgitt av Norges sopp- og nyttevekstforbund - A mycological journal published by Agariplantus norvegicus Tidsskriftet AGARICA publiserer original-artikler med hovedfokus på mykofloristikk og taksonomi og tar dessuten sikte på å formidle god populær- vitenskap. Ulike typer manus mottas, herunder regulære artikler, mindre kommentarer (notes), oversiktsartikler (reviews) eller populariserte utgaver av mer omfattende forskningsartikler. AGARICA publiserer norsk-, svensk-, dansk- og engelskspråklige bidrag. Tidsskriftet har ingen regulær reviewprosess, men bidragene gjennom- gås av medlemmer av Redaksjonskomiteen. I utgangspunktet utkommer et årlig nummer av AGARICA (men ved større tilstrømning av artikler utkommer to). Redaksjonskomiteen består av: Håvard Kauserud (redaktør), [email protected] Even W Hanssen, [email protected] Gro Gulden, [email protected] Gry Alfredsen, [email protected] Roy Kristiansen, [email protected] Ønsker du å abonnere på AGARICA gå til www.agarica.no eller kontakt Norges sopp- og nyttevekstforbund. Norges sopp- og nyttevekstforbund Pb 61 Blindern, 0313 Oslo www.soppognyttevekster.no Tlf: 22 15 17 60 E-post: [email protected] Forsidebilde: Disciseda bovista. Foto/Photo: John Bjarne Jordal. Kjære leser, Vi i redaksjonen er glade for endelig å kunne presentere 2007-utgaven av Agarica. Volum 27 inneholder svært variert mykologisk lesestoff, inkludert flere nyregistreringer for Norge. Kanskje det mest spektakulære blant disse er funnet av buksoppen Disciseda bovista (med mulig norsk navn ’stor skålrøyksopp’) i Gudbrandsdalen høsten 2007. Noe som videre bør være av interesse for mange er Klaus Høiland’s oversikt over stilksporesoppenes (basidiomycetenes) nye system. Som en følge av DNA-analyser har svært mye endret seg fra den tradisjonelle klassifikasjonen. Videre bør Tor Erik Brandrud’s oversikt over rødlistearter knytta til edellauvskog være informativ lesning for biologer med interesse for bevaringsbiologi. Vi i redaksjonen takker alle som har bidratt med stoff til Volum 27 og minner om at vi tar løpende i mot stoff til nye utgivelser. Håvard Kauserud (Redaktør) AGARICA 2007 Vol. 27 1 Disciseda bovista (Klotzsch) Henn. - en steppeart ny for Norge John Bjarne Jordal 1, Geir Gaarder2, Mikael Jeppson3 og Wenche Eli Johansen4 16610 Øksendal, E-post: [email protected] 2Miljøfaglig Utredning, 6630 Tingvoll, E-post: [email protected] 3Lilla Håjumsgatan 4, S-461 35 Trollhättan, Sverige, E-post: [email protected] 4Wenche Eli Johansen, 6400 Molde, E-post: [email protected] English title: Disciseda bovista (Klotzsch) Dette er mye lenger nord enn andre kjente Henn. - a steppe fungus new to Norway funn i Skandinavia (Sør-Sverige, Danmark). Artens økologi og utbredelse kommenteres i Jordal JB, Gaarder G, Jeppson M, Johansen, lys av det nye funnet. Forekomsten er en støtte WE, 2007. Disciseda bovista (Klotzsch) til den oppfatning at deler av tørrengene i Henn. - en steppeart ny for Norge. Gudbrandsdalen har steppelignende trekk. Agarica 27, 2-8. INNLEDNING NØKKELORD Slekta Disciseda Czern. hører til Disciseda bovista, kontinentale tørrenger, røyksoppfamilien Lycoperdaceae og har to Norge, utbredelse arter i Skandinavia, D. bovista (Klotzsch) Henn. og D. candida (Schwein.) Lloyd KEY WORDS (Ulvinen 1997). Av disse er bare D. candida Disciseda bovista, xerophytic grasslands, kjent fra Norge fra tidligere, nærmere bestemt Norway, distribution fra Hovedøya i Oslofjorden hvor den er funnet flere ganger i perioden 1950-1981 (Eckblad ABSTRACT 1955, Norsk soppdatabase 2007). Nylig (våren 2006) ble det også gjort nye funn på tre Disciseda bovista is a Gasteromycete growing nærliggende lokaliteter på Gressholmen (M. in dry, sandy, sunlit and usually steppe-like Jeppson upublisert). habitats. It was discovered in the autumn 2007 Det er få som har studert buksopper for the first time in Norway, in Vågå (Gasteromycetes) i Norge etter Finn-Egil municipality in the county of Oppland. This is Eckblad, og derfor er det relativt begrenset far away from other known localities in kunnskap om denne gruppa i landet vårt. Scandinavia (southern Sweden, Denmark). Helga 31.08.-02.09.2007 ble det arrangert et The ecology and distribution of the species is kurs om buksopper i Vågå (Oppland), med discussed. The occurrence in Vågå supports Mikael Jeppson som kursleder. Etter kurset the view that parts of the xerophytic pastures stoppet tre av deltakerne på en potensielt in Gudbrandsdalen have steppe-like features. interessant lokalitet (Snerle) øst for Vågåmo. Her ble Disciseda bovista funnet for første SAMMENDRAG gang i Norge. I denne artikkelen presenteres Disciseda bovista er en buksopp knyttet til funnet og arten i et større perspektiv. Vi tørre, sandige, solrike, og oftest steppeaktige ønsker også å sette fokus på artens habitat, habitater. Denne arten ble høsten 2007 funnet meget tørre enger og beitemarker i kultur- for første gang i Norge, i en meget tørr landskapet og stimulere til videre ettersøk av beitemark i Vågå kommune, Oppland fylke. 2 AGARICA 2007 Vol. 27 Jordal JB, Gaarder G, Jeppson M, Johansen WE Figur 1. Disciseda bovista på voksestedet på Snerle i Vågå kommune, Oppland fylke 02.09.2007. Disciseda bovista at the finding place Snerle in Vågå municipality, Oppland county 02.09.2007. Foto/Photo: John Bjarne Jordal. både denne og andre arter med lignende tunge, fastsittende skåla medføre at de snur habitatkrav. seg og blir liggende opp ned (jfr. Kers 1975, Jeppson 1996). Det var en åpning i Funndata og beskrivelse endoperidiet hvor sporene kan unnslippe. Disciseda bovista; Oppland fylke, Vågå Flere andre og mindre åpninger på enkelte av kommune, Snerle, på blottlagt jord i meget fruktlegemene har vi ingen god forklaring på, tørr, middels bratt, sørvendt beitemark med men det kan skyldes en eller annen påvirkning tråkkskader, 02.09.2007, NP 1270 5746, 420 fra dyr. Endoperidiet var noe læraktig og m o.h., leg. Geir Gaarder, Wenche Johansen lysegrått. Gleba var ved modning olivenbrun og John Bjarne Jordal, det. Mikael Jeppson og til brun. Kapillitietrådene var ca. 4 µm tykke, John Bjarne Jordal. Materialet vil bli sendt til de var skjøre og brukket i biter som ofte målte O (Botanisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo). 50-150 µm. Sporene var runde og piggete, de Arten er avbildet på voksestedet (Fig. 1), og målte 5,5-7,5 µm eksklusive pigger, og var lokaliteten vises på Fig. 2. dermed større enn diameteren på kapillitie- Det ble funnet fire fruktlegemer som trådene (dette er en klar forskjell fra D. målte ca. 15-25 mm i diameter (D. candida er candida, som har runde, tilnærmet glatte jevnt over mindre, 7-23 mm, Ulvinen 1997). sporer som måler 4-5 µm, og ikke er De var runde til svakt ovale, men noe nevneverdig større enn diameteren på flattrykte (se Fig. 1). De lå i en "skål" som kapillitietrådene). Mange hadde en tydelig stammer fra exoperidiet på øvre halvdel av sterigmerest, maksimalt 4 µm (dette skiller fruktlegemet, blandet med jord. Når også mot D. candida som bare har en minimal fruktlegemene løsner fra underlaget, vil den sterigmerest). AGARICA 2007 Vol. 27 3 Jordal JB, Gaarder G, Jeppson M, Johansen WE Figur 2. Oversiktsbilde over den meget tørre beitemarka hvor Disciseda bovista ble funnet. View of the very dry pasture where Disciseda bovista was found. Foto/Photo: John Bjarne Jordal. steder å være sjelden. Viktige bestander finnes Utbredelse og forekomst på steppene i Ungarn (Jeppson 2004, jfr. Kart over skandinavisk utbredelse er Hollós 1903). I Tyskland foreligger presentert i Fig. 3. Vårt funn er det første i utbredelseskart hvor arten angis fra ca. 30 Norge. I Sverige har arten noen nyere funn i områder/småruter, særlig i sentrale og sørlige sørlige landsdeler på Øland, Gotland og i deler (Krieglsteiner 1991). Dette er dermed Skåne, og dessuten foreligger eldre også et område med viktige populasjoner (jf. opplysninger om funn fra Uppland (1912- Rauschert 1958). Arten anses å ha en 1938, anses utgått) (Andersson 1950, Nitare verdensvid utbredelse, idet den også er kjent og Sunhede 1997, Jeppson 2000, Hanson og fra Nord- og Sør-Amerika, Sør-Afrika, Jeppson 2005, Artportalen 2007, Australia, New Zealand og deler av Asia ArtDatabanken 2007). I Danmark foreligger (Andersson 1950, Sarasini 2005). tre funn fra årene 1956, 1977-78 og 1993 Funnet i Vågå er langt utenfor det (Danish Mycological Society 2007; det nyeste området i Skandinavia der Disciseda bovista fra 1993 ble gjort i tørr beitemark i Nord- var forventet å dukke opp. 420 m o.h. er også Jylland, Petersen 1994). I Europa forøvrig den høyestliggende lokaliteten i Skandinavia. foreligger funn fra Polen, Tyskland, Latvia, Imidlertid er arten funnet 1200 m o.h. i Nederland, Kroatia, Østerrike, Italia og Sveits Kaukasus i Russland (Hollós 1903), og ifølge (se henvisning til rødlister i neste avsnitt), og Fries (1909) skal den også være funnet i 5000 dessuten Frankrike, Spania, Ungarn, Slovakia, meters høyde i Argentina, Sør-Amerika. Det Tsjekkia, Romania og Russland (Andersson kan derfor tenkes at vintertemperaturene er 1950, Jeppson 1987, 2004, Martín Esteban mindre viktige, mens mange kilder påpeker 1988, Kreisel 2000), men den synes de fleste viktigheten av et varmt og tørt sommerklima. 4 AGARICA 2007 Vol. 27 Jordal JB, Gaarder G, Jeppson M, Johansen WE trionalis) (NT - nær truet), og det var mye granmose (Abietinella abietina) i bunnskiktet. I nærheten fantes også ullurt (Logfia arvensis) (NT - nær truet). Floraen ellers i disse tørrengene i øvre Gudbrandsdalen er grundig
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