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Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
9B Taxonomy to Genus
Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella -
Morchella Exuberans – Ny Murkla För Sverige
Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Volym 36 · nummer 3 · 2015 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift 1J@C%RV`:` 1R1$:`7 www.svampar.se 0VJ@7@QCQ$1@/ Sveriges Mykologiska Förening /VJ]%GC1HV`:`Q`1$1J:C:` 1@C:`IVR0:I]R Föreningen verkar för :J@J7 J1J$QH.IVR0VJ@ QH.JQ`RV%`Q]V1@ R VJ G?`V @?JJVRQI QI 0V`1$V 0:I]:` QH. 1J `VV8/VJ% @QIIV`IVR`7`:J%IIV` 0:I]:``QCC1J: %`VJ ]V`B`QH.?$:00V`1$V7@QCQ$1@:DV`VJ1J$8 R@7RR:0J: %`VJQH.:0:I]]CQH@J1J$QH.- 9 `%@ 1QJV` 1CC`V``: :`V`1JJ]BD7.VI1R: J: %]] `?R:JRV1@Q$QH.I:`@@V`%JRV`1:@ - 11180:I]:`8V8/VJV`.BCC$VJQI- :$:JRV:0$?CC:JRVC:$:` CVI@:] 1 D8/VJ ``:I ?CC IVR G1R`:$ R : @QJ :@ V` IVCC:J CQ@:C: 0:I]`V`VJ1J$:` QH. ``BJ/Q`V<: .Q` I1JJV`QJR8 0:I]1J `VV`:RV1C:JRV %JRV`C?: R:@QJ :@ %]]`?.BCCIVRI7@QCQ$1@:`V`- $:`1$`:JJC?JRV` R VJ :I0V`@:J IVR I7@QCQ$1@ `Q`@J1J$ QH. Redaktion 0V VJ@:]8 JVR:@ V`QH.:J0:`1$% $10:`V 1@:VCKQJ VRCVI@:]V`.BCCV$VJQI1J?J1J$:0IVRCVIR LH=: :J :0 VJ]B`V`VJ1J$VJG:J@$1`Q /JNLLHO//;< 5388-7733 =0:I]:`8V VRCVI:0 VJ` 7 [ 7`V`IVRCVII:`GQ::10V`1$V H=AQJVGQ`$ [ 7`V`IVRCVII:`GQ::% :J`V`0V`1$V G:`J: :`0V [ 7 `V` %RV`:JRVIVRCVII:`GQ::1 6: .:II:`01@ 0V`1$^6 _ VC8 [ 7 `V``=^=/_ =8H`QJVGQ`QI %GH`1]``QI:G`Q:R:`V1VCHQIV82:7IVJ Jan Nilsson `Q` ^46 _H:JGVI:RVG7H`VR1 H:`RG7 IVGV`$ 01Q%`1VG.Q]: 11180:I]:`8VQ` QQ%` :LL;J4< G:J@:HHQ%J7 =$8V 9:;<74 :9AL9D/74E4 Äldre nummer :00VJ@7@QCQ$1@/^ KNJE/KOJ<;<_`1JJ]BVJAEQI@:JGV ?CC: Sveriges Mykologiska Förening ``BJD8 9=V VJ@:] Previous issues Q` 0VJ@ 7@QCQ$1@ / ^KNJE/KOJ<;<_:`V:0:1C:GCVQJ:AE1 GVGQ`$%J10V`1 V H:JGVQ`RV`VR``QID8 :6 GVGQ`$ 11180:I]:`8V Omslagsbild 2:]V$=:6^C1Q].Q`%]1:H1J%_DQ H_ 8 I detta nummer nr 3 2015 *_77`J`7 SMF 2 Kompakt taggsvamp (Hydnellum compac- B`0]%]IG$ tum_ŽJB$`: :J@:`QIRVV@. -
Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two
(topsheet) Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113. Fieldiana, Botany H. Thorsten Lumbsch Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7881 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] Sabine M. Huhndorf Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7855 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] 1 (cover page) FIELDIANA Botany NEW SERIES NO 00 Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 H. Thorsten Lumbsch Sabine M. Huhndorf [Date] Publication 0000 PUBLISHED BY THE FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2 Table of Contents Abstract Part One. Outline of Ascomycota - 2009 Introduction Literature Cited Index to Ascomycota Subphylum Taphrinomycotina Class Neolectomycetes Class Pneumocystidomycetes Class Schizosaccharomycetes Class Taphrinomycetes Subphylum Saccharomycotina Class Saccharomycetes Subphylum Pezizomycotina Class Arthoniomycetes Class Dothideomycetes Subclass Dothideomycetidae Subclass Pleosporomycetidae Dothideomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Class Eurotiomycetes Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Class Geoglossomycetes Class Laboulbeniomycetes Class Lecanoromycetes Subclass Acarosporomycetidae Subclass Lecanoromycetidae Subclass Ostropomycetidae 3 Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis: orders, genera Class Leotiomycetes Leotiomycetes incertae sedis: families, genera Class Lichinomycetes Class Orbiliomycetes Class Pezizomycetes Class Sordariomycetes Subclass Hypocreomycetidae Subclass Sordariomycetidae Subclass Xylariomycetidae Sordariomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Pezizomycotina incertae sedis: orders, families Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 Introduction Literature Cited 4 Abstract Part One presents the current classification that includes all accepted genera and higher taxa above the generic level in the phylum Ascomycota. -
Jennifer Keighley.Pdf
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Harper Adams University Copyright and moral rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. HARPER ADAMS UNIVERSITY THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INTEGRATED CONTROL OF FAIRY RINGS ON GOLF COURSES JENNIFER MAY KEIGHLEY MSc BSc (Hons) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN SUPPORT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY JUNE 2017 ABSTRACT Fairy ring is a common turf disease found on golf courses, but is poorly understood in terms of its epidemiology and control. An online questionnaire was emailed to every golf course in the UK and Ireland (equating to 3,849 recipients) in order to gather information on incidence, distribution and severity of fairy ring. Greenkeepers reported that type-2 fairy ring, where growth of the turf is stimulated, occurred the most frequently and that the impact was predominantly aesthetic. Disease symptoms were at their worst in July and August and were considered more of a problem when occurring on putting greens than any other part of the golf course. -
The Root-Symbiotic Rhizoscyphus Ericae Aggregate and Hyaloscypha (Leotiomycetes) Are Congeneric: Phylogenetic and Experimental Evidence
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 92: 195–225 (2019). The root-symbiotic Rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate and Hyaloscypha (Leotiomycetes) are congeneric: Phylogenetic and experimental evidence J. Fehrer1*,3,M.Reblova1,3, V. Bambasova1, and M. Vohník1,2 1Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 2Department of Plant Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic *Correspondence: J. Fehrer, [email protected] 3These authors contributed equally to the paper. Abstract: Data mining for a phylogenetic study including the prominent ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoscyphus ericae revealed nearly identical ITS sequences of the bryophilous Hyaloscypha hepaticicola suggesting they are conspecific. Additional genetic markers and a broader taxonomic sampling furthermore suggested that the sexual Hyaloscypha and the asexual Meliniomyces may be congeneric. In order to further elucidate these issues, type strains of all species traditionally treated as members of the Rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate (REA) and related taxa were subjected to phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, and rpb2 markers to produce comparable datasets while an in vitro re-synthesis experiment was conducted to examine the root-symbiotic potential of H. hepaticicola in the Ericaceae. Phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that sterile root-associated Meliniomyces, sexual Hyaloscypha and Rhizoscyphus, based on R. ericae, are indeed congeneric. To this monophylum also belongs the phialidic dematiaceous hyphomycetes Cadophora finlandica and Chloridium paucisporum. We provide a taxonomic revision of the REA; Meliniomyces and Rhizoscyphus are reduced to synonymy under Hyaloscypha. Pseudaegerita, typified by P. corticalis, an asexual morph of H. spiralis which is a core member of Hyaloscypha, is also transferred to the synonymy of the latter genus. -
The Mycobiome of Symptomatic Wood of Prunus Trees in Germany
The mycobiome of symptomatic wood of Prunus trees in Germany Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I – Biowissenschaften – der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg vorgelegt von Herrn Steffen Bien Geb. am 29.07.1985 in Berlin Copyright notice Chapters 2 to 4 have been published in international journals. Only the publishers and the authors have the right for publishing and using the presented data. Any re-use of the presented data requires permissions from the publishers and the authors. Content III Content Summary .................................................................................................................. IV Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................. VI Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... VIII 1 General introduction ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Importance of fungal diseases of wood and the knowledge about the associated fungal diversity ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Host-fungus interactions in wood and wood diseases ....................................... 2 1.3 The genus Prunus ............................................................................................. 4 1.4 Diseases and fungal communities of Prunus wood .......................................... -
Spot of Helotialean Endophytes
Brassicaceous roots as an unexpected diversity hot- spot of helotialean endophytes Jose G Macia-Vicente ( [email protected] ) Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-7270 Meike Piepenbring Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main Ondřej Koukol Charles University, Department of Botany Research Keywords: 7 new species, biogeography, Cadophora, dark septate endophytes, Ploettnerulaceae, symbiosis Posted Date: May 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-17858/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on August 11th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-020-00036-w. Page 1/43 Abstract A high number of fungal strains were isolated from roots of Brassicaceae species collected across western and southern Europe, resulting in an unexpectedly rich collection of Cadophora species. These isolates enable us to present a new and comprehensive view of the ecological, morphological, and phylogenetic traits of root-inhabiting members of this helotialean genus. We provide phylogenetic placement of all of our isolates based on a four-gene dataset, analyze their phenotypic traits in relation to their phylogenetic relationships, and infer the potential distribution ranges of the species by sequence comparisons with available databases. We consider seven well supported phylogenetic lineages as species new to science. Six further lineages probably also represent new species but remain undescribed due to the lack of diagnostic morphological characters. Our results show that Cadophora , as currently circumscribed, is paraphyletic and encompasses a broad spectrum of morphologies and lifestyles. -
18Th Symposium on Cryptogamic Botany Abstracts Book
18th SYMPOSIUM ON CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY rd th BARCELONA JULY 13 -16 2011 ABSTRACTS BOOK Organized by Facultat de Biologia Facultat de Farmàcia CRAI – Universitat de Barcelona INDEX I) Plenary Lectures 2 - 6 II) Bryology - Oral Communications 7 - 22 III) Bryology - Poster Communications 23 - 36 IV) Phycology - Oral Communications 37 - 52 V) Phycology - Poster Communications 53 - 76 VI) Lichenology - Oral Communications 77 - 93 VII) Lichenology - Poster Communications 94 - 113 VIII) Mycology - Oral Communications 114 - 124 IX) Mycology - Poster Communications 125 - 135 X) Pteridology - Oral Communications 136 - 139 XI) Pteridology - Poster Communications 140 - 142 XII) Author Index 143 - 146 18th Symposium on Cryptogamic Botany Abstracts Book Plenary Lectures www.ub.edu/sbcn2011 2 18th Symposium on Cryptogamic Botany Abstracts Book ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES SOBRE 45 AÑOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN CRIPTOGAMIA (1965-2010) EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA Xavier Llimona Facultat de Biologia. Universitat de Barcelona Se presentan los principales rasgos del desarrollo y diversificación de los estudios relacionados con las criptógamas en la Península Ibérica, distinguiendo distintas etapa, a veces solapadas: florística y corología, descripción de las comunidades (fitocenología), taxonomía y sistemática clásicas, bioindicación, fisiología y ecofisiología, bancos de datos, filogenia molecular, conservación y gestión de la biodiversidad, criptogamia exótica. En el fondo, subyace una disyuntiva en la actitud de cualquier investigador: 1. Una motivación basada en la curiosidad científica, que le lleva a formular preguntas y a buscar respuestas, sin atender a su posible dificultad y trascendencia práctica, 2. Un móvil práctico, en pos de un rendimiento, curricular o aplicado, de los resultados, que le lleva a seleccionar las preguntas susceptibles de conducir a respuestas originales y, a su vez, fáciles de conseguir, y con un amplio colectivo de potenciales “consumidores- citadores”. -
Inventaire Des Espèces De BASIDIOMYCOTA Du Gard Au 30 Octobre 2017, Après Consultation De 10 Publications Périodiques Et 22 Ouvrages De Mycologie*
Inventaire des espèces de BASIDIOMYCOTA du Gard au 30 octobre 2017, après consultation de 10 publications périodiques et 22 ouvrages de Mycologie* Cette liste permet de voir rapidement toutes les espèces de Basidiomycota signalées dans le Gard NB 1) Si les noms relevés dans les différentes publications apparaissent deux ou plusieurs fois de façon identique, on n’indiquera qu’une seule appellation de genre et d’espèce dans « Noms des genres et d’espèces actuels ». NB 2) Si, pour un nom de Genre et d’espèce actuel, les noms relevés dans les différentes publications ne sont pas identiques, on conservera les deux appellations et on caractérisera cette similitude en identifiant les cellules de la première colonne d’une même couleur. NB 3) Pour connaitre les bulletins, revues, ouvrages de mycologie d’où proviennent ces noms de genres et d’espèces ainsi que les lieux où ces espèces ont été récoltées, consulter « Répartition des espèces par arrondissement » et « Répartition des espèces par commune ». NB 4) Les noms de Genres et d’espèces écrits en vert sont tirés du Site « Species Fungorum » ; écrits en bleu, ils proviennent du Site « Index Fungorum » ; écrits en noir, ils ne proviennent ni de l’un ni de l’autre. *Voir la liste des publications périodiques et ouvrages de mycologie consultés A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z BASIDIOMYCOTA (256 Genres, 1029 espèces ou variétés) Noms de Genres et d’espèces actuels Noms utilisés dans les publications et (Commentaires) Abortiporus (Meruliaceae – Polyporales – Agaricomycetes) Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer (1944) Doedalea biennis Bull. -
Recentní Výskyt Lošáků V České Republice Bakalářská Práce
PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Recentní výskyt lošáků v České republice Bakalářská práce TADEÁŠ STODŮLKA Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Petr Hrouda, Ph.D. Ústav botaniky a zoologie Brno 2019 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Tadeáš Stodůlka Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Název práce: Recentní výskyt lošáků v České republice Studijní program: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Studijní obor: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Petr Hrouda, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Počet stran: 97 Klíčová slova: Bankeraceae, Bankera, Boletopsis, Hydnellum, Phellodon, Sarcodon, ekologie, fenologie, rozšíření Bibliographic Entry Author: Tadeáš Stodůlka Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology Recent occurrence of hydnaceous fungi in the Czech Title of Thesis: Republic Degree programme: Ecological and Evolutionary Biology Field of Study: Ecological and Evolutionary Biology Supervisor: Mgr. Petr Hrouda, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2018/2019 Number of Pages: 97 Keywords: Bankeraceae, Bankera, Boletopsis, Hydnellum, Phellodon, Sarcodon, ecology, phenology, distribution Abstrakt V bakalářské práci se věnuji recentnímu výskytu 34 druhů lošáků z rodů Bankera, Boletopsis, Hydnellum, Phellodon a Sarcodon v České republice. Tyto terestrické houby z čeledi Bankeraceae během druhé poloviny 20. století značně ustoupily v důsledku znečištění životního prostředí. Na základě revize sběrů lošáků v hlavních českých herbářích jsem sestavil souhrnný přehled nálezů těchto hub od roku 1991. Získané údaje jsem srovnal s přehledem nálezů sestaveným na začátku 90. let, tj. téměř před 30 lety. Ukazuje se, že se některé druhy vracejí do naší přírody, a dokonce se zde objevují i nové. Práce obsahuje přehled jednotlivých druhů lošáků s komentáři k jejich ekologii, fenologii a trendům výskytu od minulého století do současnosti, jakož i mapy aktuálního a historického rozšíření v České republice. -
Arboricolonus Simplex Gen. Et Sp. Nov. and Novelties in Cadophora, Minutiella and Proliferodiscus from Prunus Wood in Germany
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 63: 119–161 (2020) Novelties from Prunus wood in Germany 119 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.63.46836 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Arboricolonus simplex gen. et sp. nov. and novelties in Cadophora, Minutiella and Proliferodiscus from Prunus wood in Germany Steffen Bien1, Ulrike Damm1,2 1 Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany 2 International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany Corresponding author: Ulrike Damm ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Haelewaters | Received 25 September 2019 | Accepted 3 December 2019 | Published 2 March 2020 Citation: Bien S, Damm U (2020) Arboricolonus simplex gen. et sp. nov. and novelties in Cadophora, Minutiella and Proliferodiscus from Prunus wood in Germany. MycoKeys 63: 119–161. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.63.46836 Abstract During a survey on fungi associated with wood necroses of Prunus trees in Germany, strains belonging to the Leotiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes were detected by preliminary analyses of ITS sequences. Multi- locus phylogenetic analyses (LSU, ITS, TUB, EF-1α, depending on genus) of 31 of the 45 strains from Prunus and reference strains revealed several new taxa, including Arboricolonus gen. nov., a new genus in the Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) with a collophorina-like asexual morph. Seven Cadophora species (Heloti- ales, Leotiomycetes) were treated. The 29 strains from Prunus belonged to five species, of which C. luteo- olivacea and C. novi-eboraci were dominating; C. africana sp. nov., C. prunicola sp. nov. and C. ramosa sp. nov. were revealed as new species.