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Morchella Exuberans – Ny Murkla För Sverige

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Morchella Exuberans – Ny Murkla För Sverige Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Volym 36 · nummer 3 · 2015 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift 1J@C%RV`:` 1R1$:`7 www.svampar.se 0VJ@7@QCQ$1@/ Sveriges Mykologiska Förening /VJ]%GC1HV`:`Q`1$1J:C:` 1@C:`IVR0:I]R Föreningen verkar för :J@J7 J1J$QH.IVR0VJ@ QH.JQ`RV%`Q]V1@ R VJ G?`V @?JJVRQI QI 0V`1$V 0:I]:` QH. 1J `VV8/VJ% @QIIV`IVR`7`:J%IIV` 0:I]:``QCC1J: %`VJ ]V`B`QH.?$:00V`1$V7@QCQ$1@:DV`VJ1J$8 R@7RR:0J: %`VJQH.:0:I]]CQH@J1J$QH.- 9 `%@ 1QJV` 1CC`V``: :`V`1JJ]BD7.VI1R: J: %]] `?R:JRV1@Q$QH.I:`@@V`%JRV`1:@ - 11180:I]:`8V8/VJV`.BCC$VJQI- :$:JRV:0$?CC:JRVC:$:` CVI@:] 1 D8/VJ ``:I ?CC IVR G1R`:$ R : @QJ :@ V` IVCC:J CQ@:C: 0:I]`V`VJ1J$:` QH. ``BJ/Q`V<: .Q` I1JJV`QJR8 0:I]1J `VV`:RV1C:JRV %JRV`C?: R:@QJ :@ %]]`?.BCCIVRI7@QCQ$1@:`V`- $:`1$`:JJC?JRV` R VJ :I0V`@:J IVR I7@QCQ$1@ `Q`@J1J$ QH. Redaktion 0V VJ@:]8 JVR:@ V`QH.:J0:`1$% $10:`V 1@:VCKQJ VRCVI@:]V`.BCCV$VJQI1J?J1J$:0IVRCVIR LH=: :J :0 VJ]B`V`VJ1J$VJG:J@$1`Q /JNLLHO//;< 5388-7733 =0:I]:`8V VRCVI:0 VJ` 7 [ 7`V`IVRCVII:`GQ::10V`1$V H=AQJVGQ`$ [ 7`V`IVRCVII:`GQ::% :J`V`0V`1$V G:`J: :`0V [ 7 `V` %RV`:JRVIVRCVII:`GQ::1 6: .:II:`01@ 0V`1$^6 _ VC8 [ 7 `V``=^=/_ =8H`QJVGQ`QI %GH`1]``QI:G`Q:R:`V1VCHQIV82:7IVJ Jan Nilsson `Q` ^46 _H:JGVI:RVG7H`VR1 H:`RG7 IVGV`$ 01Q%`1VG.Q]: 11180:I]:`8VQ` QQ%` :LL;J4< G:J@:HHQ%J7 =$8V 9:;<74 :9AL9D/74E4 Äldre nummer :00VJ@7@QCQ$1@/^ KNJE/KOJ<;<_`1JJ]BVJAEQI@:JGV ?CC: Sveriges Mykologiska Förening ``BJD8 9=V VJ@:] Previous issues Q` 0VJ@ 7@QCQ$1@ / ^KNJE/KOJ<;<_:`V:0:1C:GCVQJ:AE1 GVGQ`$%J10V`1 V H:JGVQ`RV`VR``QID8 :6 GVGQ`$ 11180:I]:`8V Omslagsbild 2:]V$=:6^C1Q].Q`%]1:H1J%_DQ H_ 8 I detta nummer nr 3 2015 *_77`J`7 SMF 2 Kompakt taggsvamp (Hydnellum compac- B`0]%]IG$ tum_ŽJB$`: :J@:`QIRVV@. Susanne Hernqvist %GVRJ1J$10V`1$.%$V L70VH@ Johan Nitare, Joakim Hemberg & Tor Erik Brandrund L1WYBB 12 &0^QCG1%`VH%C: %) WVG$0]%GG `%+G: Anders Bohlin Tina Nordberg 16 ,G%^:`HQQI:$CQGQ%I_1 ,-W $`?BRV? . ,7ZH.+ C:0:J[R 4? C:JR RVJ \VJ. Lennart Vessberg Johan Nitare 20 Q`H.VCC:V6%GV`:JT7%`V ,7^7]Q$%RR 0V`1$V `% 1QJ 1CCIQQ`50].C:0:` Sonja Kuoljok Mikael Jeppson %? V Mycena^.? Q`_ ,7I Q0Z7]X.'G Arne Aronsen & Ellen Larsson Mikael Jeppson 30 +]:$^:`HQRQJ:H`QHV:) RV :R0]`%,V Elna Hultqvist & Tommy Knutsson 36 >0.7]V1@:0]7`V – C:].QI7HVRVH1]1VJ.Hymeno- $: V`G%CC1:`R11 Mikael Jeppson & Anne Molia @%^.QRQ %]:CI: %) T%.:R0]VBVJ J:] Jan Svensson 46 JQH7GV$`:J%CQ:57GV:C `0R C1J$ Stig Jacobsson & Ellen Larsson +-1-R1 % Ove E. Eriksson 7HVJ::RHVJRVJ^]%RV`.?:_8 Akvarell av Erhard Ludwig. SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 36:3 (2015) 1 *_77`J`7 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift 36 (3): 2–11 2015 Kompakt taggsvamp (Hydnellum compactum) Žnågra tankar om dess ekologi och utbredning i Sverige och Norge KG`<J75KWJ_H7_,7B/4JW:`33 +,>j+q> Hydnellum compactumŽQIVJQ 7G%%.Z%]8 The hydnoid fungus Hydnellum compactum (Pers.: Fr.) Karst. is very rare and threatened throughout Europe. In the Nordic countries it is only known from southern Norway and Sweden. It seems to be strongly thermophilous and is only found in temperate broad-leaved forests with Quercus or Fagus1JHC1I::CC71:`I1 5 VJHCQV Q%JRV6GQ%CRV`8/:% .Q`HQI]:`V .V R1]:V`JQ`Hydnellum compactum1 .VJ: %`:CR1Q`V1CVQ:@^Quer- cus petraea) and beech (:$%7C0:H:). It is supposed that the fungus from the early beginning R%`1J$]Q $C:H1:C^$8 .V; C:JQ`:V:CV`5H8 Ž7V:`:2_5.:1II1$`: VR to Sweden and Norway together with the sessile oak. Several thousands of years later, beech GVH:IV .VRQI1J: `VVR]VH1V1JQIVQ` .V1 V:JR1 ]`QG:GC7`V]C:HVRV1CVQ:@: the mycorrhizal partner of 8HQI]:H %I8 In Norway 8HQI]:H %I is only found with oak and is a typical macro-fungus belonging to the ”southern oak forest element”. It appears today as a `VC1H ]VH1V:JRHQ%CRGV%VR1JJ: %`VHQJV`0:::J1I]Q` :J QQC^: Q`_ of ancient woodland remnants with sessile oak. In beech forests, it seems to indicate a special GVVH.`Q`V VHQ7 VI1HQJQ`QCR `VV%JRV`VI1RQ]VJ`Q`V HQ51.1$. 1JQC::JR:JV6:Q`R1J:`1C71:`II1H`QRHC1I: V8/<R1H]Q]%C:Q`8HQI]:H %I :`V]`QG:GC7Q`$`V: 1J V`J:QJ:C1I]Q` :JHV`Q`HQJV`0:Q` .V]VH1V:JR1 ``:$IVJ VR .:G1 :/ `: V^QCQ%`].Q _VJ8 h ”ett mystiskt spöke” för många mykologer. En av Europas sällsyntaste korktaggsvampar är Vi som skrivit denna artikel har lite olika erfa- kompakt taggsvamp (Hydnellum compactum), renheter av svampen. I Norge är arten relativt som på norska kallas myk brunpigg. Såväl det väl känd sedan länge (TEB) medan vi i Sverige vetenskapliga som det svenska namnet anger (JN, JH) först under senare år haft turen att ett utmärkande karaktärsdrag hos denna sydliga följa denna svamp på några växtplatser i Ble- lövskogssvamp som är knuten till ek och bok. !ƽ [ - några nya växtplatser (mer om lokalerna nedan). ligen är kompakt och ofta liknar en oformlig Syftet med vår artikel här är att kort presentera träklump eller uppstickande hård trädrot. Det svampen i ord och bild och berätta om våra idéer [ kring svampens tänkbara krav på sin livsmiljö. av hur svampen ser ut och mycket lite är skrivet Det är vår förhoppning att detta kan bidra till \ # \ (2000): ”[ uppmärksammar den så att vi får bättre känne- dom om dess ekologi, utbredning och hotbild, ”. Detta är troligen en av förklaring- såväl i Norge som i Sverige. arna till att denna svamp under så lång tid varit 2 SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 36:3 (2015) *_77`J`7 Fig. 1. Hydnellum compactum (kompakt taggsvamp). Norge, Aust-Agder, Risør, Nordheia-Sjåvåg (Sandvann N), i Q``5V:JR1$57RV65Q `1@:`VV@@^V` V@@_5/4: DQ /4::JR`%R8 Fig. 2. Hydnellum compactum^@QI]:@ :$$0_0V`1$5:5JVRVG75=51JN=5 $:II:C$CV.VRGQ@@Q$IVR Q` 1JC:$:0VJ6VJGV`$5 0:I]VJ0?6V`.?`]B.B` `:I]:R I:`@1J01R VJGCQH@8N0V`:RVJ$`B:@:$`%JR`?`$VJQH.RVB``1J$C1@:=1``%@ @VV 1.:VJ J17 :8DQ VJ7 @1@ QH..7IVJ1V GC1`J:GG H1$:``G`%J VCCV`$%CG`%J $VJQI0? @V`V`:JRV.7`V`QI :0$V`G?`J VJ`?`$:RVR`Q]]:`DQ K<:`V8 SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 36:3(2015) 3 *_77`J`7 a b Fig. 3a–c. Hydnellum compactum (kom- pakt taggsvamp). Blekinge, Rödeby sn., =5 C?$V1J01R Q`: VJGCQH@ H i gammal gles hedekskog med inslag av bok, DQ K<:`V8 ^G0 kan ge upphov till gulbruna vätskedroppar eller Kompakt taggsvamp - \\$673*+8 Hydnellum compactum (Pers.:Fr.) Karst. kan också bli uttorkad, mörkt grå, hård och rut- $%& *+ !$6937+% En marklevande, relativt liten taggsvamp som är tätt och kompakt, ljust grått (i snitt) eller / 13 ; gång större. Fruktkropparna kommer ensamma syns i den övre uppsvällda delen (dvs hatten) eller i sammanväxta gyttringar eller ringar. Hat- ofta en zonering med några mörkare grå linjer !!3! 3 $<+%# ovansidan vanligen välvd, senare ibland plan. 3 !! Ytan är först ljust gråaktig eller gulvit, slät eller övergående i hymeniet med korta brunaktiga sämskskinnsartad, senare ljust gråaktigt brun- taggar. Svampen smakar först brännande skarpt, 3 [ vilket sedan övergår i en mycket besk eftersmak. [ 4 !! Förväxlingsarter: I litteraturen anges ibland att 5 [ arten är snarlik raggtaggsvamp ( ), SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 36:3 (2015) *_77`J`7 något som vi anser är direkt vilseledande. Ragg- eller (dropptagg- taggsvamp är en mycket större art som är mörkt svamp, blå taggsvamp) har blivit felbestämda. !$ Det är inte omöjligt att de historiska samman- tvättsvamp) och en hattovansida som är kraftigt blandningar som gjordes av Elias Fries kan kom- raggluden redan hos unga exemplar med långa ma att medföra namnmässiga (nomenklatoriska) ”tovade” gulbruna hårtofsar. Även om kompakt konsekvenser för arten, men vi har i vår uppsats taggsvamp någon gång kan få korta gråbruna valt att bibehålla namnet Hydnellum compac- [!3 # tum så som namnet tolkats av Maas Geesteranus likheter i övrigt. Raggtaggsvampen är dessutom $&M1/+ knuten till mossig äldre granskog på kalkrik U W $&M1/+ ! - mark, vilket gör att arterna knappast bör kunna pakt taggsvamp och raggtaggsvamp i en egen förväxlas. sektion inom släktet Hydnellum under namnet Kompakt taggsvamp har förr i tiden samman- . Denna sektion kännetecknas av blandats med olika barrskogsarter. Detta skedde ljust fruktkött, avsaknad av orangebruna färger, redan under 1800-talet av Elias Fries och Petter att hyferna saknar söljor vid septa och att frukt- 9?%&@<&$A##- kropparna smakar brännande skarpt. Hydnel- 3#&*C6+ lum compactum#!X8 arten levande (”v. v.”) och att den förekommer: arterna är närmare besläktade eller ej är oklart, P9!L!!P3 varför en sådan sektionsindelning troligen är speciellt i tallskog och bland ljung (hed). Senare \% ! $&M*C+ % närmare släktskapsförhållanden, håller nu mate- ursprungliga uppgifter och skriver ”barrskog (bl. rial av olika taggsvampar på att undersökas vad ljung)”. Även i senare tid har uppgivits barrskog Z93!! som livsmiljö, vilket troligen beror på att andra till mer korrekt systematik. klumpformigt växta Hydnellum-arter, t ex H. D @`Q]]:0@QI]:@ :$$0^Hydnellum compactum= ]B0?$%]]IVR$7`:RVQH.@JVC1$: .::JC:$80:I]VJ1JJV.BCCV`VJG?`J VJ`?`$:R@ QI@:J$V0? @VR`Q]]:`]B.:VJQ0:J1R:VCCV` `Q E:@:J$V:0 `7H@1`Q`I::` DQ K<:`V8 SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 36:3(2015) 5 *_77`J`7 a b D ?6 V`01R=1:V`V`@QI]:@ :$$0:I]^Hydnellum compactum).
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