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Bericht Über Unsere Sammelreisen 2000 Nach NW-Griechenland Für Die Flora Hellenica

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Bericht Über Unsere Sammelreisen 2000 Nach NW-Griechenland Für Die Flora Hellenica Bericht über unsere Sammelreisen 2000 nach NW-Griechenland für die Flora Hellenica Alopecurus rendlei von Dr. Rita Eisenblätter & Dr. Eckhard Willing Berlin, September 2000 1 1. Einleitung Hiermit möchten wir über unsere botanischen Sammelaktivitäten in Griechenland im Jahr 2000 informieren. In diesem Zeitraum konnten wir zwei Reisen durchführen: 15.4.-4.5.2000 Thesprotia, Ioannina, Trikala, Kardhitsa 16.7.-30.7.2000 Thesprotia, Ioannina, Grevena, Kozanis, Florina, Pella Wir haben uns diesmal in scheinbar gut besuchten Gebieten aufgehalten. Eine genaue Analyse unserer eigenen Unterlagen ergab aber, dass wir große Teile des Sammelgebietes bisher nur im Rahmen unserer eigenen Orchideenkartierung oder zu deutlich anderen Jahreszeiten besucht hatten. Wir haben uns also auf Gebiete konzentriert, die nach unseren Unterlagen bisher unzureichend betrachtet worden sind. Neben topographischen Gegebenheiten und Standorttypen haben wir uns bei der Fundortauswahl auch diesmal nach 10 x 10 km-UTM-Rasterfeldern gerichtet. Wie in den Vorjahren haben wir uns in jedem Rasterfeld bemüht, alle von uns erkannten blühenden oder fruchtenden Blütenpflanzen zu erfassen und mit Herbarbelegen zu dokumentieren. Am jeweils 2. Fundort und allen weiteren Fundorten innerhalb eines Rasterfeldes haben wir versucht, nur die bisher nicht erfaßten Arten zu sammeln. Diese Beschränkung erfolgte alleine aus Kapazitätsgründen der Trockenpressen. Von dieser Vorgehensweise abweichend haben wir erneut alle erkannten Arten erfaßt, wenn es uns aus wesentlichen Veränderungen der Topographie oder der Standorte sinnvoll und wichtig erschien. Für die Trocknung benutzten wir auch diesmal 5 Pressen, wie wir sie in "Phyton" 32 (1): 119-128; 1992 beschrieben haben. Wir sammelten täglich 220 bis 305 Pflanzen, gemittelt über die gesamten Reisen 288 (im April) bzw. 275 Pflanzen (im Juli/August) pro Tag. Wenn nicht trocken- schwierige Arten (z.B. Sedum, Valeriana) überrepräsentiert waren, waren nach 24 Stunden nur noch 5-10 (seltener bis zu 20) Pflanzen etwas feucht. Kurzfristige Probleme gab es dort, wo über Tag wegen Bauarbeiten der Strom für 5-7 Stunden abgestellt war. Bei normalen Stromverhältnissen führten auch sehr große, flächendeckende Pflanzen nicht zu Problemen bei der Trocknung. Dickköpfige Distelgewächse, dickstengelige Umbelliferen oder holziges Baummaterial beanspruchten die Wellpappen natürlich erheblich. Dennoch überstand ein Wellpappensatz die 23 Sammeltage. Um den Trocknungsprozeß bei stark beanspruchenden 2 Pflanzen und hohen Feuchtigkeitsgehalten nicht zu beinträchtigen, sollten stark verformte Wellpappen nach etwa 20 Tagen ausgewechselt werden. Dies wirkt sich auf die Materialkosten nur unerheblich aus, da eine Wellpappe des benutzten Formats nur etwa 0,20 - 0,25 DM kostet. Hinsichtlich der Trockentechnik sind in Ergänzung zu "Phyton" zwei Punkte zu erwähnen: Besonders bewährt haben sich Wellpappen, die auf der einen Seite eine graue, besonders saugfähige und auf der anderen Seite eine braune, besonders form- stabile Deckschicht besitzen. Diese Wellpappen haben sich besonders gegenüber dickstengeligen und verholzten Pflanzen als sehr stabil erwiesen. Zur Vermeidung von Wärmeverlusten umgeben wir die Pressen bis hinab zum Boden, also rings um den darunter umgekehrt stehenden Campinghocker, mit einem 180 cm langen und 60 cm hohen "Wickelrock" aus schwer entzündbaren Kunststofffolien. Dieser paßt sich der Pressenstärke gut an, vermeidet unnötige Wärmeabstrahlung und ermöglicht selbst bei windigem Wetter das Aufstellen der Presse außerhalb von geschlossenen Räumen, zum Beispiel auf dem Balkon (Natürlich nur bei trockenem Wetter oder unter einem Dach). Es hat sich als sehr sinnvoll erwiesen, die Herbarpressen jeweils am Morgen durchzusehen, die Fliesmappen zu entfernen und die Zeitungseinlagen um 180° zu drehen. Dies verbessert vor allem für großflächige Pflanzen den Trocknungs- prozeß. In disem Zusammenhang sollten auch Tissues, die zum Unterlegen bzw. Abdecken empfindlicher Blüten dienen, zum Beispiel bei Verbascum, Cistus und Helianthemum, entfernt werden. Der Zeitaufwand beträgt je nach Pflanzenauswahl 15-20 Minuten je Presse. Der Zeitaufwand für das Einlegen der Wellpappen zwischen die gefüllten Zeitungen und das Aufstellen der Pressen am Abend betrug für 5 Pressen 30 bis 45 Minuten. Alle Herbarbelege wurden von uns bestimmt - hoffentlich nicht allzu fehlerhaft - und zum Teil von Experten überprüft und revidiert. Nach Eingabe der Daten in unsere persönliche Griechenland- Data Base (Access-Datenbanken mit allen Fundort- und Artenangaben) werden alle Herbarbelege im Botanischen Museum Berlin-Dahlem deponiert und sind dort verfügbar. Mit der Reise im Jahr 2000 ergänzten wir unsere Sammlung ohne Berücksichtigung der Dubletten um ungefähr 8750 Pflanzen. Insgesamt umfaßt unser Herbar nunmehr 86.300 Pflanzen alleine aus Griechenland. Zur Feststellung der UTM-Gitternetzdaten und der Greenwich-Daten haben wir konsequent ein Satelliten-Navigations-Gerät benutzt. Mit Hilfe des in den drei Wochen mit einem einzigen Batteriesatz betriebenen 12-Kanal GPS Eagle Explorer konnten wir innerhalb kürzester Zeit den exakten Standort ermitteln. In einigen Fällen konnten dadurch eklatante Fehler der griechischen Straßenkarte ausgeglichen werden. Voraussetzung für eine möglichst genaue Messung ist, daß mindestens 3 Satelliten erfaßt werden konnten. In der Praxis wurden überwiegend 6 Satelliten erfaßt. An Fundorten mit hohen, dichten Bäumen oder direkt an Felswänden war es zum Teil notwendig den Meßstandpunkt um 10 oder 20 Meter zu verändern, um eine genügende Anzahl von Satelliten zu erfassen. Gegenüber den UTM- und Greenwich-Daten konnten Höhenangaben nur recht ungenau ermittelt werden. Bei 5 Satelliten und mehr wichen die gemessenen Höhen etwa 20-30 m von den Angaben des Thommen-Höhenmeßgerätes ab. Bei 3-4 Satelliten konnte die Abweichung bis 70 m betragen. Insgesamt, vor allem aber bei Aufenthalten in Bergmassiven hat sich das benutzte Gerät als ausgesprochen hilfreich und leicht handhabbar erwiesen. Die Frühjahrs-Sammelreise war leider wegen der zur Verfügung stehenden Ferien zeitlich sehr begrenzt. Alle Umstände, das Wetter, der allgemeine Zustand der Pflanzen und die noch eingeschränkte Beweidung waren für die Bearbeitung der ausgewählten Regionen ideal. Im Gegensatz hierzu waren Mitte Juli nahezu alle Regionen durch fast drei Monate Trockenheit so stark beeinträchtigt, dass eine einigermaßen repräsentative Aufnahme der Juli-August-Flora unmöglich war. Ausnahmen bldeten die landwirtschaftlichen Regionen, in denen dauerhaft künstlich bewässert wurde. Wegen der enormen Trockenheit haben wir die Reise vorzeitig beendet. 3 Fundortliste Frühjahr 2000 In den folgenden Fundortlisten haben wir die Daten, wie sie auf den Herbaretiketten erscheinen, um die Nummern der jeweils gesammelten Belege ergänzt. Fundort Herbarbelege Fundort- Nr. Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, SW Igoumenitsa, 15.4.2000 77.539-77.608 The 226 Schuttfluren, felsige Phrygana, 10 m DJ 37.61.51, 39°29'14"N, 20°15'42"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 2,0 km SW Igoumenitsa, 15.4.2000 77.609-77.646 The 227 Felswand mit Phrygana, 15 m DJ 37.51.50, 39°29'11"N, 20°14'59"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 3,2 km SSW Igoumenitsa, 15.4.2000 77.647-77.665 The 228 Krautfluren, Felshänge, Macchie, Bach, 10 m DJ 37.31.86, 39°29'32"N, 20°13'50"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 3,0 km NW Igoumenitsa, 16.4.2000 77.666-77.735 229 Affodillfluren, Ölbaumhain, Ruderalfluren, Straßenrand, 30 m DJ 37.55.42, 39°31'26"N, 20°14'51"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 3,5 km NW Igoumenitsa, 16.4.2000 77.736-77.746 The 230 Küstensumpfwiesen, Wassergraben, 0 m DJ 37.47.54, 39°32'40"N, 20°14'18"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 4,8 km NW Igoumenitsa, 16.4.2000 77.747-77.765 The 231 Krautige Felswand an Straße, 10 m DJ 37.47.66, 39°32'46"N, 20°14'19"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 8,0 NW Igoumenitsa, 16.4.2000 77.766-77.810 The 232 Ölbaumhain, Phlomis-Phrygana, 40 m DJ 38.50.04, 39°34'18"N, 20°14'37"E Thesprotias, Ep. Filiaton, 1,6 km SSO Smertos, 16.4.2000 77.811-77.839 The 233 Frühjahrsnasse Affodillfluren, 20 m DJ 38.52.82, 39°35'14"N, 20°14'28"E Thesprotias, Ep. Filiaton, 1,7 km SSW Smertos, 16.4.2000 77.840-77.861 The 234 Frühjahrsnasse Ranunkelwiesen, 10 m DJ 38.44.01, 39°36'17"N, 20°13'52"E Thesprotias, Ep. Filiaton, SO Sajiadha, 16.4.2000 77.862-77.887 The 235 Phlomis-Affodillfluren mit Kiefern, 10 m DJ 38.15.29, 39°37'13"N, 20°11'54"E Thesprotias, Ep. Filiaton, Hafen Sajiadha, 16.4.2000 77.888-77.937 The 236 Küste, Krautfluren, 0 m DJ 28.96.75, 39°37'31"N, 20°10'53"E Thesprotias, Ep. Filiaton, 4,7 km NW Sajiadha, 16.4.2000 77.938-77.966 The 237 Buschwald, Phlomis, Felsenbucht, 40 m DJ 28.68.41, 39°38'24"N, 20°08'34"E 4 Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 3,8 km SW Igoumenitsa, 17.4.2000 77.967-78.015 The 238 Felskante mit Baumresten und Phrygana, 70 m DJ 36.49.38, 39°28'33"N, 20°14'10"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 3,8 km SW Igoumenitsa, 17.4.2000 78.016-78.069 The 239 Ölbaumhain, ruderalige Krautfluren, 50 m DJ 36.58.57, 39°27'55"N, 20°15'02"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 0,8 km NW Plataria, 17.4.2000 78.070-78.105 The 240 Mauer, Ölbaumhain, Krautfluren, 40 m SDJ 36.77.37, 39°27'24"N, 20°16'20"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, Plataria, 17.4.2000 78.106-78.129 The 241 Kiesstrand, 0-2 m DJ 36.76.68, 39°26'57"N, 20°16'31"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, SO Plataria,17.4.2000 78.130-78.138 The 242 Ölbaumhain, krautig, 30 m DJ 36.87.22, 39°27'08"N, 20°16'55"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, SO Plataria, 17.4.2000 78.139-78.147 The 243 Affodillfluren, frühjahsrnass, 30 m DJ 36.85.89, 39°26'25"N, 20°17'23"E Thesprotias, Ep. Thyamidhos, 4,6 km SO Plataria, 17.4.2000 78.148-78.197 The 244 Sekundärmacchie, krautige Wiesen, 50 m DJ 46.04.54, 39°25'39"N, 20°18'31"E Thesprotias, Ep.
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