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Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Bioturbation of Thalassina anomala and microhabitat in mangrove ecosystem at Sungai Reuleung Leupung Aceh Besar To cite this article: M Ali S et al 2020 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1460 012063 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 114.122.9.182 on 19/06/2020 at 14:35 AICMSTE 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1460 (2020) 012063 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012063 Bioturbation of Thalassina anomala and microhabitat in mangrove ecosystem at Sungai Reuleung Leupung Aceh Besar M Ali S1, Zulfikar1, M Saputri1 and J C Frias2 1Department of Biology Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2 College of Education, Central Bicol State University of Agriculture, Philippines E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The purposes of this study are to determine daily amount of land transported by the Thalassina anomala species in the mangrove ecosystem at Sungai Reuleung Leupung and determine the characteristics of bioturbation, the correlation between body size and the amount of soil transported by T. anomala and also to see the characteristics of microhabitat. The research was conducted from July 2017 until August 2017. The observation was carried out by dividing into five stations through survey methods with purposive sampling technique. The Pearson Correlation formula was applied to analyzing the effect of biosturbation activities on the environment. Environmental factors in Mud Lobster habitat are water temperature around 25°C- 31°C, air temperature 25°C-33°C, salinity around 17-22 ‰, and soil pH ranges from 5-7,2, and water pH ranges from 5-7,4. The results show that bioturbation activities were influenced by body size, soil density and the effect of microhabitat. The average of land transported by T. anomala was 163, 82 grams from a total of 95 excreted soils with a moderate correlation of 0,535. Based on the results, it can be revealed that the capacity of land transported by T. anomala has the potential to affect surface of the mangrove ecosystem. 1. Introduction Thalassina is typical genus of fauna that can find in mangrove ecosystems, which are classified in the Thalassinidae family, Decapoda order and Malacostraca class. There are seven known species of Mud Lobster worldwide. [1]. All of these species can be found in the Indo-Pacific region [2]. Seven main groups (with the ranks of sub- or infraorder) are generally recognized in Decapoda. They are Dendrobranchiata (e.g. penaeoid shrimps and allies), Caridea (caridean shrimps), Stenopodidea (stenopodid shrimps), lobsters (Macrura Reptantia), mud shrimps or ghost shrimps (Thalassinidea or Gebiidea + Axiidea), Anomura (hermit crabs and allies) and Brachyura (true crabs). The phylogenetic relationships amongst these groups within the Decapoda and even the monophyletic [3]. Mangrove ecosystem region is a unique area because it has a transition area between land and sea. The area of mangrove always has been effected by tide of sea. In the mangrove ecosystem, a wide variety of magrove vegetation can be found, and it is located at coastal area and muddy ramps in tropis and subtripis region. [4]. Mud Lobster (Thalassina spp) is known in Malay as Rama - Rama (pronounced "rame-rame"). These animals make cavities or passageways in the soil, transport the slurry to the surface, and form the mounds of mud above the ground [5]. They change the physical structure of the soil as a result. The mass of soil transfer and the mixing of soil carried by these organisms is called bioturbation [6]. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1 AICMSTE 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1460 (2020) 012063 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012063 Bioturbation or sediment excavation, can able to influence surface conditions in the ecosystem. That is caused by the amount of sediment below the surface and will be transported to the surface of sediment, so that will make chemical processes just occur in the inner layer [7]. The digging activity of Thalassina can be compared to the earthworms which improves soil porosity. The result was mixed of organic and inorganic materials, which makes some inorganic materials be absorbed by plants. In addition, bioturbation is a combination of both, which is digging a hole while consuming the substrate and then released back on the surface of the sediment. The different forms and effects of bioturbation on sediment chemistry produce bioturbation activities that must be considered in studying the conditions of sediments in the region. This also applies in the mangrove ecosystem area of Leupung District, Aceh Besar Regency is one of the living areas of various animals belonging to Invertebrates and Vertebrata [8], The place has abundant mud lobster biota, although there are a lot of sediment beneath the mangrove that mostly covered by plastic-type waste. Therefore, this study aims to identify the characteristics of Mud Lobster bioturbation and microhabitat in the mangrove ecosystem, Sungai Reuleung Leupung Sub- district, Aceh Besar Regency. 2. Research Methods Place and time research Research was conducted at the Mangrove Ecosystem Sungai Reuleung Leupung Subdistrict, of Aceh Besar regency last July 2017 until August 2017. Data obtained through survey methods with purposive sampling technique. Observations were carried out at five (5) stations, a purposive sampling was applied on each station which was divided into three (3) plots measuring 10 m x 10 m. Collected data includes the active number of Thalassina anomala nest mounds, mangrove tree species, tree diameter, under vegetation cover (grass, ferns or bushes), the heavy of volume soil, and groundwater salinity and pH. Soil specimen collection is done by taking the number of daily ground dug by T. anomala then weighed the dry weight of the soil. Morphometric measurements carried out on specimens found 95 nests. Distribution of microhabitat Mud Lobster in each plot was analyzed by descriptive and qualitative method. The Location can be seen in Figure 1. Figure 1. Research Location (The station are indicated by white boxes) 2 AICMSTE 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1460 (2020) 012063 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012063 Data Analysis The Pearson Correlation formula was applied to analyzing the effect of biosturbation activities on the environment. The following is the Pearson Correlation Formula (Product Moment) used to calculate the Correlation Coefficient: 푛∑푥푦−(∑푥)(∑푌) 푟 = (1) √{푛∑푋)2}{푛∑푦2−(∑푦)2}) Descriptions: n = Number of data pairs X and Y Σx = Total Amount of Variable X Σy = Total Amount of Variable Y Σx2 = Square of the Total Amount of Variables X Σy2 = Square of the Total Amount of Variables Y Σxy = Multiplication Results of the Total Number of Variables X and Y Variables Soil analysis is carried out to determine the amount of soil carried by T. anomala, such as by taking and weighing the amount of soil then dried in the sun to weigh the average dry weight of all soil samples taken from each nest contained in the mangrove ecosystem. The bioturbation and microhabitat characteristics were analyzed descriptively on all the factors that supported the bioturbation activity by T. anomala. 3. Result and Discussion The relationship of body size with the number of daily sludge being transported by Thalassina anomala From the calculation of the amount of land issued against 95 T. anomala nest in mangrove ecosystem of the Sungai Reuleung Leupung. Based on the Pearson Correlation Test, body size of species was found to affect the results of soil transported whereas the results showed that 0.535 was being correlated. The data of distrubution of nest Mud Lobster can be seen on Figure 2. st Ne f o r e b m Nu Figure 2. Nest Distribution of T. anomala in Mangrove Ecosystem Sungai Reuleung Leupung From a total of five (5) stations Mud Lobsters there are 95 nests being scattered randomly - evenly to Sungai Reuleung Mangrove ecosystem. Soil conditions and mangrove tree cover influenced the spreading. Tidal conditions also affect the contour of the land and this affects the location of every nest 3 AICMSTE 2019 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1460 (2020) 012063 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012063 T. anomala found in this study. The station I has 23 mounds of the nest of Thalassina. Station II has more than 19 nests. Station III, which has very low mangrove cover has 13 hives. Station IV has 18 hives and station V located close to the zoning in area tides had 22 nests randomly scattered. Characteristics of Environmental Conditions Characteristics of mangrove vegetation had significantly affected the T. anomala. the mangrove forest cover and data on biotic and abiotic information about its location can be seen in Table 1. Table 1. Characteristics of Habitat Mud Lobster Observation result Habitat conditions Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 Vegetation Soneratia sp Rhizophora Nypa Soneratia Nypa dominated and Nypa apiculata fruticans caseolaris fruticans fruticans Animal species Faunus ater Neritina Cerithium Plotia Neritodryas dominate Turrita corralium scabra clubia Temperature (oC) 29-33 25 -30 27-30 30-33 31-32 Salinity ‰ 17- 22 19-21 19-23 18-20 18-22 Soil pH 6.9 to 7 6.8 - 7.2 5-7 6.9 to 7 5 to 7.2 Water temperature 25 - 29 27 - 30 26 - 29 28-31 25-29 Water pH 6.5 to 6.6 6.3 to 7.2 6.5 to 7.4 6.4 to 6.6 6.4 to 6.6 Each station has the characteristics of vegetation and different tidal conditions.
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  • Muscles and Muscle Scars in Fossil Malacostracan Crustaceans T ⁎ Adiël A

    Muscles and Muscle Scars in Fossil Malacostracan Crustaceans T ⁎ Adiël A

    Earth-Science Reviews 194 (2019) 306–326 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Muscles and muscle scars in fossil malacostracan crustaceans T ⁎ Adiël A. Klompmakera,b,c, , Matúš Hyžnýd,e, Roger W. Portellb, Clément Jauvionf,g, Sylvain Charbonnierf, Shane S. Fussellc, Aaron T. Klierh, Raymond Tejerac, Sten L. Jakobseni a Department of Integrative Biology & Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA b Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA c Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA d Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina G1, Ilkovičova 6, SVK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia e Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria f Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P, UMR 7207), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France g Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 61 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France h Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA i Geomuseum Faxe, Østervej 2, DK-4640 Faxe, Denmark ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Exceptionally preserved specimens yield critical information about the soft-part anatomy and the evolution of Crustacea organisms through time. We compiled the first global dataset of exceptionally preserved muscles in malacos- Decapoda tracans consisting of 47 occurrences, including 18 new records, predominantly preserved in Mesozoic Konservat- Exceptional preservation Lagerstätten (> 70% of occurrences).