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NICHE ARCHITECTURE of Thalassina Anomala in the MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM of TANJUNG TIRAM VILLAGE SOUTH KONAWE REGENCY - SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

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NICHE ARCHITECTURE of Thalassina Anomala in the MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM of TANJUNG TIRAM VILLAGE SOUTH KONAWE REGENCY - SOUTHEAST SULAWESI AQUASAINS (Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Sumberdaya Perairan) (Vol 8 No. 2 Tahun 2020) NICHE ARCHITECTURE OF Thalassina anomala IN THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF TANJUNG TIRAM VILLAGE SOUTH KONAWE REGENCY - SOUTHEAST SULAWESI Muhammad Fajar Purnama1 · A. Ginong Pratikino2 · Abdullah2 · La Ode Alirman Afu2 · Muhammad Trial Fiar Erawan2 Ringkasan This research was conducted obtained at station 2 with 4.5 ind/m2 in October-December 2019 at Tanjung while the lowest density (1.5 ind/m2) Tiram Village, North Moramo Distri- was obtained at station 3 with combi- ct, South Konawe Regency. This study nation substrate. There is a very signi- aims to find out in detail the architectu- ficant correlation between the diame- re of the T. anomala mound in the ma- ter of the burrow and the carapace wi- ngrove ecosystem. Determination of the dth of T. anomala. 95% of the para- research station using a purposive sam- meters of the dune architecture have pling method based on the natural ha- a significant correlation, meaning that bitat of mud lobster in nature, name- there is only one parameter that do- ly the mangrove ecosystem. Observa- es not have a significant correlation ie tion of T. anomala niches was carried the relationship between the slope pa- out directly using the random sampling rameters of the dune slope (P> 0.05). method. The main parameters observed Among these parameters the height of in this research are niche architectu- the mound with the lower diameter of re. The results of measurements of mud the mound has a very significant cor- lobster niche architecture and enviro- relation (0.005 <0.01) and the height nmental parameters in nonparametric of the mound with a depth of burrow analysis using spearmen test, as well (0.026 <0.05). as the relationship between the diame- ter of the top of the mound and the wi- Keywords Mounds Architecture; dth of the mud lobster carapace. The Density; Distribution Pattern; Thalas- distribution pattern of T. anomala at sina anomala each station shows a random pattern. Received : 28 Februari 2020 The highest mud lobster density was Accepted : 17 Maret 2020 1)Department of Aquatic Resource Management, FPIK - UHO, Kendari PENDAHULUAN 2) Department of Marine Science, FPIK - UHO, Kendari E-mail: muhammadfajarpurna- Tanjung Tiram merupakan Desa pesi- [email protected] sir yang secara administratif terletak di 842 Muhammad Fajar Purnama1 et al. Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten pur mencerna bahan organik saat meng- Konawe Selatan. Desa Tanjung Tiram gali ke dalam tanah untuk mencari ma- memiliki kawasan hutan mangrove yang kanan. luas. Salah satu potensinya adalah ke- Kartika and Patria(2013); Purnama et al. hadiran lobster lumpur (Thalassina ano- (2017)menemukan bahwa liang sarang mala) sebagai fauna khas penyusun eko- lobster lumpur berbentuk seperti huruf sistem mangrove (Purnama et al., 2017) I, L dan Y. Sedangkan kelompok lain secara ilmiah berada di daerah terse- Thalassinidea dilaporkan memiliki je- but. Masyarakat lokal menyebutnya udang nis liang atau terowongan sarang me- kalajengking oleh karena struktur mor- nyerupai huruf U, Y,I (Kinoshita, 2002). fologi lobster lumpur (T. anomala) yang Sementara, liang T. anomala yang di- menyerupai kalajengking, sementara di temukan di Setiu, Terengganu, Mala- Jambi dikenal dengan sebutan udang ysia memiliki bentuk seperti huruf U ketak darat atau udang tanah (Kartika dan Y.Berdasarkan hasil observasi ben- and Patria, 2013), dan di Terengganu tuk liang dari Thalassina, Kinoshita(2002) Malaysia : ketam busut, udang ketak, menyimpulkan bahwa bentuk liang ter- lobster lumpur dan udang hantu (ghost sebut sangat terkait dengan aktivitas men- shrimps)(Hassan et al., 2015). T. ano- cari makan Thalassina. Lobster lum- mala termasuk dalam golongan crus- pur atau ketam busut membangun gun- tacea penggali (burrowing crustacean) dukan dan liangnya pada malam hari karena memiliki kebiasaan menggali ta- di daerah mangrove dan pada pagi hari nah untuk membuat liang (crabshole) di deaerah mangrove akan terlihat ba- pada dasar substrat di ekosistem ma- nyak gundukan baru yang bertebaran ngrove yang berfungsi sebagai relung (Hassan et al., 2015). (Gundukan (Mounds) : Sarang) (Ngoc- Ho and de Saint Laurent, 2009; Moh Peranan lobster lumpur di ekosistem ma- and Chong, 2009). ngrove antara lain : pemanfaatan daur nutrisi dari gundukan yang dihasilkan Relung (Sarang) lobster lumpur (T. ano- dari gundukan oleh vegetasi mangro- mala) terdiri atas gundukan (mounds) ve. Akibat gundukan yang dibuat oleh dan liang yang saling terhubung dan fauna ini dapat mengubah kondisi ling- tersusun oleh partikel pasir dan lum- kungan dari ekosistem tersebut. Ada- pur. Liang yang dibuat diperkirakan da- pun faktor abiotik seperti kelembapan pat mencapai kedalaman 2 meter bahk- tanah, pH, dan oksidasi asam pada ta- an lebih dengan arah liang vertikal atau nah merupakan beberapa dari faktor yang menuju perairan (Teo et al., 2008). Moh dapat mempengaruhi distribusi dan ke- et al.(2015) menyatakan bahwa spesi- limpahan vegetasi terutama untuk ka- es lobster lumpur ditemukan cukup ja- wasan mangrove yang akan direhabili- uh meliang dibawah substrat dasar per- tasi (Ashton and Macintosh, 2002). airan memperlihatkan toleransi yang be- Secara ekologis kehadiran fauna dari sar terhadap salinitas perairan. family Thalassinidae ini merupakan kom- Gundukan terbentuk dari hasil penya- ponen makrofauna yang cukup penting ringan lumpur (mud filtered) yang di- karena aktivitas tersebut dapat meng- gali dari permukaan substrat menggu- embalikan fungsi hara (Daur hara) pa- nakan sepasang pereopod, lobster lum- da sedimentasi lahan (Kartika and Pa- Niche Architecture of Tahlassina anomala South Konawe 843 tria, 2013). Bahkan di beberapa tem- kukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Fa- pat dijadikan sebagai indicator lahan kultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Uni- dengan konsentrasimineral pirit (FeS2) versitas Halu Oleo. yang teroksidasi dan menghasilkan asam Pengukuran dan pengamatan variabel- sulfat (tanah sulfat masam) (Ashton and variabel penelitian dilakukan secara lang- Macintosh, 2002; Teo et al., 2008). sung di lapangan kemudian dilanjutk- Saat ini penelitian dan informasi ilmi- an dengan analisis di laboratorium. Pe- ah lainnya mengenai keberadaan spesi- nentuan stasiun penelitian menggunak- es lobster lumpur di Sulawesi Tengga- an metode purposive random sampling ra khususnya Kabupaten Konawe Se- yaitu interpretasi stasiun penelitian di- latan hanya dilakukan oleh Purnama et al. tentukan berdasarkan lokasi atau dae- (2017) mengenai spesies lobster lum- rah yang memiliki keberadaan relung pur pada ekosistem mangrove, untuk (mounds) lobster lumpur yang ada di- itu penelitian ini menjadi penting un- setiap stasiun pengamatan. Selanjutnya tuk dilaksanakan, untuk mendeskripsik- dibuat kuadrat plot dengan ukuran 10 an karakteristik relung, kepadatan, dan x 10 m2 dan jarak antara kuadrat plot pola distribusi gundukan yang diben- terdekat 10 m. pada setiap titik sam- tuk oleh lobster lumpur pada ekosis- pling dilakukan perhitungan jumlah li- tem mangrove perairan Desa Tanjung ang atau gundukan yang dibuat lobster Tiram. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan lumpur dan dilakukan pengukuran ter- mampu memberikan informasi ekolo- hadap arsitektur gundukan berupa dia- gis lobster lumpur terutama yang ber- meter bagian atas gundukan, diameter kaitan dengan karakteristik relung dan dasar gundukan, tinggi gundukan, ke- peranan sarang (nest) lobster lumpur dalaman liang, kemiringan gundukan terhadap kehidupan (interaksi timbal ba- dan liang serta arah liang menggunak- lik) biota akuatik lainnya yang ada di an beberapa peralatan berikut, antara ekosistem mangrove Desa Tanjung Ti- lain jangka sorong (mm), busur dera- ram Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabu- jat, kompas dan petak kuadrat 100 m2 paten Konawe Selatan - Sulawesi Teng- (Purnama et al., 2017). gara. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan ber- samaan pengambilan sampel lobster lum- MATERI DAN METODE pur di masing-masing stasiun peneliti- an. Parameter kualitas air yang diukur Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama ti- pada penelitian ini adalah suhu, kece- ga bulan (Periode Oktober – Desember rahan, kecepatan arus dan pH air, pH 2019). Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua ta- substrat, kelembapan liang, oksigen ter- hap yaitu pengambilan sampel lapang larut (DO), total padatan tersuspensi (TSS), (Parameter Fisika - Kimia) dan anali- dan total organik terlarut air (TOM). sis Laboratorium (Parameter Fisika - Pengambilan sampel substrat (Pipa Pa- Kimia). Penelitian lapang dilaksanak- ralone ¾ inchi) digunakan untuk meng- an di Desa Tanjung Tiram Kecamatan analisis bahan organik (BO) substrat dan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Se- fraksi/tekstur sedimen serta beberapa latan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, se- alat dan bahan kimia yang diperlukan dangkan analisis kualitas perairan dila- untuk analisis laboratorium. Pengukur- 844 Muhammad Fajar Purnama1 et al. an dan pengamatan dilakukan secara Tabel 1 Kepadatan dan Pola Distribusi lobster lumpur langsung di lapangan menggunakan be- pada Setiap Stasiun Kepadatan Indeks Morisita berapa alat ukur, antara lain pH indika- Stasiun Pola penyebaran (Ind/m2) (Id) tor, termometer raksa, hygrometer, so- 1 2,9 1,00 Acak il tester, stopwatch, layangan arus dan 2 4,5 1,00 Acak secchi disc GPS Garmin 60, tongkat 3 1,5 1,00 Acak berskala, kamera digital, sekop, jang- ka sorong (mm), kertas label, plastik da ketiga stasiun penelitian memben- sampel, meteran (transek), petak kua- tuk pola penyebaran acak dikarenak- 2 drat 10 x 10 m dan ember plastik ber- an nilai Id (Indeks morisita) yang
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