DOCSLIB.ORG

PRELOM Grizold FILM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PRELOM Grizold FILM SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE Editor: ANTON GRIZOLD Ljubljana, 2003 SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE Editor: ANTON GRIZOLD Editorial Assistant: IZTOK PREZELJ Security Studies Collection Published by: FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Head of the Publishing House: IVAN HVALA Copyright © FDV 2003, Ljubljana All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be photocopied or distributed. Published as a part of the “Fostering studies on peaceful conflict resolution in Southeastern Europe” project, spearheaded by NELI DIMC Language revision: MAJA CLAVETTE Cover design and typeset: B&V Co Printed by: LITTERA PICTA CIP – Publication Catalogue Record National and University Library, Ljubljana 355.02(497)(082) ediSECURITY and cooperation in Southeastern Europe / editor Anton Grizold. – Ljubljana : Faculty of Social Sciences, 2003. – (Security studies collection) ISBN 961-235-115-5 1. Grizold, Anton 123551232 CONTENTS ACRONYMS ...............................................................................5 INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR ..............................................9 I. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SECURITY SITUATION IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE HÅKAN WIBERG Peace, Security and Southeastern Europe ....................................21 RADOVAN VUKADINOVIĆ Security Issues in Southeastern Europe .......................................49 LJUBISA S. ADAMOVICH Economic Transition in Southeastern Europe...............................69 II. COUNTRY STUDIES ANTON GRIZOLD Slovenia and NATO: Experience from the Partnership for Peace Cooperation............................................................99 LJUBICA JELUŠIČ Defence Reforms in Slovenia 1991–2001 ....................................109 IZTOK PREZELJ Slovenian National Security and Southeastern Europe: Public Opinion Perspective ..................................................133 BOGOMIL FERFILA, PAUL PHILLIPS and BOB DONNORUMMO Socioeconomic Reforms in Slovenia and Southeastern Europe ....153 SINIŠA TATALOVIĆ The War in Croatia and Security in Southeastern Europe ............191 LIDIJA CEHULIĆ Transformation of Croatian Military ..........................................207 BILJANA VANKOVSKA Ten Years of Virtual Reality: Macedonian State-Building and Security Sector Reform..................................................227 4 III.OTHER SIGNIFICANT ISSUES RELATED TO PEACE AND SECURITY IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE ANTON GRIZOLD and IZTOK PREZELJ The Interorganizational Dimension of Security Cooperation: Pre-Dayton Crisis Management in Bosnia and Herzegovina....241 CHARLES F. CNUDDE Domestic Factors in U.S. Foreign Policy Decision Making: Implications for Strategic Issues in Central and Southeastern Europe ...........................................................265 KRISTINA PLAVŠAK Communicating Security and Cooperation in Southeastern Europe: Role of Public Opinion, Media and Communication ..............281 *** ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS.................................................297 5 THE ACRONYMS ABM Anti-Ballistic missile AKUF Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kriegsursachenforschung – Research Group on the Causes of Wars ALBA Multi-national Protection Force Mission in Albania ANP Annual National Program ARM Army of the Republic of Macedonia AVF All-Volunteer forces BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CAF Croatian Armed Forces CBMs Confidence Building Measures CDU, HDZ Croatian Democratic Union CE Council of Europe CEFTA Central European Free Trade Area CEI Central European Initiative CENCOOP Central European Nations’ Cooperation in Peace Support. CG Contact Group CINCSOUTH Commander-in-Chief of Southern Command CIS Commonwealth of Independent States COMAIRSOUTH Commander of Allied Air Forces in Southern Europe COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Cooperation COMNAVSOUTH Commander of Allied Naval Forces in Southern Europe COW Correlates of War CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CTF Combined Task Force EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Community ECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ECU European Union’s currency EMU European Monetary Union EU European Union EUCOM United States European Command EUROPOL European Law Enforcement Organisation FDI Foreign Direct Investment FRY, FR Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 6 GDP Gross Domestic Product GDR German Democratic Republic GSOSRH General Staff of the Republic of Croatia HDZ, CDU Croatian Democratic Union HIS Croatian Intelligence Service HKoV Croatian Infantry HRM Croatian Military Maritime Forces HVO Croatian Defence Council ICFY International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia ICJ International Court of Justice IDEA Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance IFOR Implementation Force IMF International Monetary Fund IPI International Press Institute ITF International Trust Foundation IUS Inter-University Seminar JNA, YPA Yugoslav Peoples’ Army KFOR Kosovo Force LDC Low-Developed Countries MAAK Movement for All-Macedonian Action – political party in Macedonia MAP Membership Action Plan MAPE Multi-national Advisory Police Element in Albania MLF Multi-national Land Force MOD Ministry of Defence MORH Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia MOU Memorandum of Understanding MP Member of Parliament NAC North Atlantic Council NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NCO Non-Commissioned Officer NGO Non-Governmental Organization NIS New Independent States OOTW Operation Other Than War OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe PARP Planning and Review Process PfP Partnership for Peace PIOOM Interdisciplinary Research Projects on Root Causes of Human Rights Violations (Netherlands) PR Public Relations SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander Europe SAF Slovenian Armed Forces SC UN Security Council SECI Southeastern Europe Cooperation Initiative 7 SEDM Southeastern European Ministerial SEE Southeastern Europe SEEMO Southeastern Europe Media Organisation SFOR Stabilization Force (in Bosnia and Herzegovina) SFRY, SFRJ, SFR Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SG UN Secretary-General SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIT Slovene tolars – Slovene national currency SJM Slovensko javno mnenje (Slovenian Public Opinion) SOFA Status of Forces Agreement SONS Headquarters for National Security (Croatia) SR UN Secretary-General Special Representative STANAVFORLANT Standing Naval Force Atlantic STANAVFORMED Standing Naval Force Mediterranean UN United Nations UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNMIK UN mission in Kosovo UNPA United Nations Protected Area UNPF United Nations Peacekeeping Forces UNPREDEP United Nations Preventive Deployment Force UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force UNS National Security Office (Croatia) UNTAET UN mission on East Timor UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Operation (Middle East) USSR Union of Socialist Soviet Republics WEU Western-European Union WTC World Trade Center WTO World Trade Organization WWII Second World War YNB Yugoslav National Bank YPA, JNA Yugoslav Peoples’ Army ZNG National Guard (Croatia) 8 9 INTRODUCTION I. The term Southeastern Europe contains various dimensions such as: geographical, historical, socio-political, cultural, military, etc. Today, most authors using this term emphasize the transitional situation of the countries in this region and focus their attention on the Balkan core and its near neighbourhood.1 Although for the time being there is no perceived military threat among the countries in the Southeastern European region, the Balkan core of the region is still facing specific political, economic, social, and defense challenges. The stability and security of the region core is influ- enced by many risk factors, among which the following is of the utmost importance: – ethnic tensions, intolerance and xenophobia could exacerbate extreme and violent nationalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). The most problematic area in BH is economy, which shows signs of progress, but is still well behind the expectations. Black market, organized crime, slow return of refugees, unemployment and disbelief in the upcoming improvements add to the complexity of the current situa- tion. – Serbia is in the middle of political struggles and it will take time to gain political stability after the removal of Milošević. – Kosovo as well as Vojvodina’s request for autonomy, at least on the same level as before 1989. – Sandžak (with Muslim minority), which already asked for certain autonomy or even a merger with BH. – Macedonia is in the process of gaining more stability, however, the relations with Albanian population will have to be established on the basis of equality while resolving the extremism and the idea of the Great Albania. 1 While some authors define Southeastern Europe more broadly with the following countries: Greece, Turkey, Albania, Bolgaria, Romania and 5 new countries on the ter- ritory of former Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, BH, FRY, Former Yugoslav Republic Macedonia), others include in this region less countries, such as: Bolgaria, Romania, Albania and 4 countries on the territory of former Yugoslavia (Croatia, BH, FRY, For- mer Yugoslav Republic Macedonia). See Ecohescu (1996: 50–52) for the former and Lenzi, Martin (eds) (1996: 23–24) for the latter case. 10 SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Civil-Military Relations in South Eastern Europe
    Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes Working Group on Crisis Management in South-East Europe CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE A SURVEY OF THE NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES AND OF THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO THE PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE STANDARDS Edited by Plamen Pantev 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I Foreword …… (Col. Gustav Gustenau) ………….……………… 5 II Introduction …… (Plamen Pantev) ….………………………… 7 III National Perspectives on Civil-Military Relations …………… 15 1. Civil-Military Relations in Albania: Phases of Evolution …… …… (Sabit Brokaj) …….…………………………………….. 15 2. Civil-Military Relations in Bulgaria: Aspects, Factors, Problems..(Plamen Pantev, Valeri Ratchev, Todor Tagarev).. 31 3. Development of Civil-Military Relations in Croatia ………… …… (Radovan Vukadinovic, Lidija Cehulic) .………….…… 63 4. From Civilian-Military to Civil-Military Relations in FRY …… (Dragan Simic) ..…….…………………….…………… 89 5. Breakthrough of Civil-Military Relations in Hungary ……… …… (Tibor Babos) ……….………………………………….111 6. Civil-Military Relations in Macedonia: Between Peace and War …… (Biljana Vankovska).……………..……………… 133 7. Civil-Military Relations in Romania: Objectives and Priorities …… (Claudiu Degeratu) ……….……………….. 157 8. Civil Military Relations in Slovenia: Aspects, Factors, Problems …… (Beno Arnejcic, Igor Vah) .………..………. 175 IV Analysis and Conclusions ……(Plamen Pantev) …………….. 205 V List of Abbreviations …………………………………………. 215 VI Authors’ List .………..……………………………...…………. 217 3 4 I Foreword The PfP Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes finds its roots in a proposal by US Secretary of Defence Cohen at the meeting of the Ministers of Defence of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council on 12 June 1998. The Consortium aims primarily at strengthening the institutional co-operation between the 44 Euro- Atlantic Partner Countries. In this way, a higher level of professionalism and efficiency can be reached in the fields of training and education of both soldiers and civil servants.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Manchesterhive.Com at 10/03/2021 06:43:37AM Via Free Access
    4 Contemporary accounts of Croatian national identity According to Benedict Anderson , ‘communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined’.1 This chapter investigates how the Croatian nation was imagined in the 1990s. It focuses on four sets of accounts that attempted to provide contemporary resonance to the abstract frames of national identity discussed in the previous chapter. These accounts attempted to either interpret what it meant to be Croatian in order to secure support for a political programme, or – as in the case of the dissident intellectuals – to challenge such accounts. However, they all attempted to give resonance to abstract ideas in the contemporary context. After a discussion of the so-called ‘Franjoist’ narrative offered by President Franjo Tuœman and his party, I will discuss alternative conceptions of identity that were articulated by opposition parties, dissident intellectuals and the Croatian diaspora. I argue that each of these ‘political entrepreneurs’ drew upon, and offered interpretations of, the historical statehood thesis in order to legitimise their programmes or to challenge the manifestos of others. The abstract frames discussed in the previous chapter therefore presented common frames of reference with which to seek legitimacy for political practices or to use to question that legitimacy. One of the central themes of this chapter is that different accounts of national identity (which draw upon a common stock of narrative or makes use of similar ‘frames’) inform political discourse and compete with each other. As Michael Billig argued: Different factions, whether classes, religions, genders or ethnicities, always struggle for the power to speak for the nation, and to present their particular voice as the voice of the national whole, defining the history of other sub-sections accordingly.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Presidents in Croatia and Serbia, 1990-2015
    The Role of Presidents in Croatia and Serbia, 1990-2015 By: Mislav Ilija Vulić Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Zsolt Enyedi CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary (2015) Abstract Both Croatia and Serbia introduced a semi-presidential system of government in 1990. In Croatia this choice was motivated by a need to have a decisive and efficient decision- making institution in light of the upcoming instability and war. In Serbia introduction of semi- presidentialism was motivated primarily by the need of Slobodan Milošević to be legitimized as a national leader. Croatian semi-presidentialism in 1990s was of a presidential- parliamentary subtype because the President had autonomous power to appoint and dismiss the Government. Serbian semi-presidentialism was of a premier-presidential subtype because the Government was accountable solely to the Assembly. In both countries tendencies towards authoritarianism emerged. The death of Franjo Tuđman and the resignation of Slobodan Milošević ended the authoritarian rule but the two countries diverged in how they dealt with the institutional framework of semi-presidentialism. In Croatia the Constitution was amended immediately after the change of government. In Serbia it remains the same even today with only minor alterations. The present system of government in Croatia can be characterized as parliamentary while system of government in Serbia can be characterized as semi-presidential. The key difference does not emerge from constitutional powers but from the fact that Croatian President is forbidden to be a member of the political party or its president, while in Serbia this possibility exists, and can be used to position the President as a central figure in the political system.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Situation in Croatia
    105th CONGRESS Printed for the use of the 1st Session Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Current Situation in Croatia March 21, 1997 Briefing of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (OSCE) The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki process, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada. Since then, its membership has expanded to 55, reflecting the breakup of the Soviet Union, Czechoslova- kia, and Yugoslavia. (The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, has been suspended since 1992, leaving the number of countries fully participating at 54.) As of Janu- ary 1, 1995, the formal name of the Helsinki process was changed to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The OSCE is engaged in standard setting in fields including military security, economic and environmental cooperation, and human rights and humanitarian concerns. In addition, it undertakes a variety of preventive diplomacy initiatives designed to prevent, manage and resolve conflict within and among the participating States. The OSCE has its main office in Vienna, Austria, where weekly meetings of permanent representatives are held. In addition, specialized seminars and meetings are convened in various locations and periodic consultations among Senior Officials, Ministers and Heads of State or Government are held. ABOUT THE COMMISSION (CSCE) The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also known as the Helsinki Commission, is a U.S. Government agency created in 1976 to monitor and encour- age compliance with the agreements of the OSCE.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of Croatian National Identity
    bellamy [22.5].jkt 21/8/03 4:43 pm Page 1 Europeinchange E K T C The formation of Croatian national identity ✭ This volume assesses the formation of Croatian national identity in the 1990s. It develops a novel framework that calls both primordialist and modernist approaches to nationalism and national identity into question before applying that framework to Croatia. In doing so it not only provides a new way of thinking about how national identity is formed and why it is so important but also closely examines 1990s Croatia in a unique way. An explanation of how Croatian national identity was formed in an abstract way by a historical narrative that traces centuries of yearning for a national state is given. The book goes on to show how the government, opposition parties, dissident intellectuals and diaspora change change groups offered alternative accounts of this narrative in order to The formation legitimise contemporary political programmes based on different visions of national identity. It then looks at how these debates were in manifested in social activities as diverse as football and religion, in of Croatian economics and language. ✭ This volume marks an important contribution to both the way we national identity bellamy study nationalism and national identity and our understanding of post-Yugoslav politics and society. A centuries-old dream ✭ ✭ Alex J. Bellamy is lecturer in Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Queensland alex j. bellamy Europe Europe THE FORMATION OF CROATIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY MUP_Bellamy_00_Prelims 1 9/3/03, 9:16 EUROPE IN CHANGE : T C E K already published Committee governance in the European Union ⁽⁾ Theory and reform in the European Union, 2nd edition .
    [Show full text]
  • The Shifting Political Scene in Croatia
    CHANGE IN THE OFFING: THE SHIFTING POLITICAL SCENE IN CROATIA ICG Balkans Report N°50 Zagreb-Sarajevo, 14 December 1998 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ I I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1 II. A WARTIME AGENDA...................................................................................... 2 III. SHIFT TO THE RIGHT...................................................................................... 5 A. THE INTOLERANT HDZ................................................................................... 5 B. INTRA-HDZ DIVISIONS ................................................................................... 6 C. THE BATTLE FOR THE DEFENCE MINISTRY ....................................................... 7 D. MANIPULATION OF THE INTELLIGENCE SERVICES .............................................. 9 E. THE RIGHT TRIUMPHANT .............................................................................. 11 IV. CHANGE IN THE OFFING.............................................................................. 12 A. THE OPPOSITION RESURGENT...................................................................... 12 B. SOCIAL DISCONTENT ................................................................................... 14 C. WORN-OUT HDZ MODERATES ..................................................................... 15 D. OPPOSITION APPROACH..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Međunarodne Studije, God
    Međunarodne studije, god. 13, br. 2, 2013, str. 9- 1 Međunarodne studije god. 13, br. 3-4, 2013 Neorealizam (recenzija: Čehulić Vukadinović, Luša) 2 Monika Begović UKD 327 ISSN 1332-4756 MEĐUNARODNE STUDIJE Časopis za međunarodne odnose,vanjsku politiku i diplomaciju God. 13, br 3-4/2013. Godišnje izlaze četiri broja časopisa Naklada / 200 primjeraka Časopis ima inozemne recenzije Prilozi objavljeni u časopisu referiraju se u CSA/ Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, Sociological Abstract Social Services Abstracts Nakladnici Centar za međunarodne studije Hrvatske udruge za međunarodne studije, Zagreb Visoka škola međunarodnih odnosa i diplomacije Dag Hammarskjöld, Zagreb Euroavangarde d.o.o. Zagreb Uredništvo Goran Bandov, Luka Brkić, Lidija Čehulić Vukadinović, Jadranka Dujić Frlan, Gordan Grlić Radman, Drago Lovrić, Mladen Nakić, Jadranka Polović, Ivo Šlaus, Radovan Vukadinović Glavni i odgovorni urednik Radovan Vukadinović Izvršni urednici Jadranka Dujić Frlan Luka Brkić Lektura i korektura Iva Čupić Tajnik Kristijan Kotarski Klasifikacija članaka prema UDK Blaženka Peradenić-Kotur Tehnički urednik / prijelom Tiskara Zelina d.d. Međunarodno izdavačko vijeće Dr. Nadia Arbatova, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow Dr. Theodore Columbis, ELIAMEP, Athens /Dr. John Groom, Kent University, Canterbury Dr. Charles Chudde, University of Boston Dr. Anton Grizold, Fakultet za družbene vede, Ljubljana Dr. Shi Ze, Institute for International Relations, Beijing Dr. Lidija Georgieva, University St. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje Dr. Dragan Simić, Fakultet političih nauka , Beograd Dr. Dragan Vukčević, UDG, Podgorica / Dr. Stefano Piloto, University of Trieste Dr. Peter Stania, International Institute for Peace, Vienna Međunarodne studije, god. 13, br. 2, 2013, str. 9- 3 međunarodne studije god. 13, br. 3-4, 2013 Neorealizam (recenzija: Čehulić Vukadinović, Luša) 4 Monika Begović Međunarodne studije, god.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Tourism Action Plan (Pdf)
    SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ACTION PLAN D.T2.2.3. Public Institution Nature Park Version 3 Medvednica (PP09) 6 2019 Client: Public Institution Nature Park Medvednica Bliznec 70, 10 000 Zagreb Title: Sustainable Tourism Action Plan, ‘’Central Europe Eco- Tourism: tools for nature protection (CEETO)“ Work order/document: RN/2019/001 Creator: VITA PROJEKT d.o.o. Zagreb Head creator: Ivana Šarić, mag. biol. Expert team: Domagoj Vranješ, mag. ing. prosp. arch., univ. spec. oecoing. Ivana Tomašević, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Mihaela Meštrović, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Katarina Dujmović, mag. soc. Goran Lončar, mag. oecol., mag. geogr. Josip Biondić, mag. ing. oecoing. External expert: prof. dr. sc. Ivan Martinić, mag. ing. silv. Expert team PI NPM: PhD Marina Popijač Tajana Ban Ćurić, mag. geol. Andrea Kostelić, mag. geogr. Kristina Vugrek Petljak, mag. biol. Marija Kulić, mag. geogr. Document version: Version 3 Creation date: June 2019 Responsible person: Domagoj Vranješ mag. ing. prosp. arch., univ. spec. oecoing. L.S. CEETO - Central Europe Eco-Tourism: tools for nature protection Page 1 Table of contents 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA ....................................................................................... 6 2. VALUES OF THE NATURE PARK MEDVEDNICA ................................................................... 8 2.1. Biodiversity ....................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Ecological Network .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Report to the Croatian Government on the Visit to Croatia Carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture A
    CPT/Inf (2018) 44 Report to the Croatian Government on the visit to Croatia carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 14 to 22 March 2017 The Croatian Government has requested the publication of this report and of its response. The Government’s response is set out in document CPT/Inf (2018) 45. Strasbourg, 2 October 2018 - 2 - CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 4 I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 9 A. The visit, the report and follow-up.......................................................................................... 9 B. Consultations held by the delegation and co-operation encountered .................................. 9 C. National preventive mechanism ............................................................................................ 11 II. FACTS FOUND DURING THE VISIT AND ACTION PROPOSED .............................. 12 A. Law enforcement agencies ..................................................................................................... 12 1. Preliminary remarks ........................................................................................................ 12 2. Ill-treatment ..................................................................................................................... 12 3. Safeguards
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Tuđman's Foreign Policy
    Međunarodne studije, god. 13, br. 3-4, 2013, str. 55-79 55 Pregledni znanstveni članak UDK: 327(497.5)”1991/2000” Evaluating Tuđman’s Foreign Policy (Un)successful Protection of National Interest; From Defender to Despot1 Bojana Klepač Pogrmilović* Summary The majority of Croatian foreign policy creators and certain scholars evaluate Croatian foreign policy as very successful, especially when compared to do- mestic policy. Furthermore, the first Croatian president Franjo Tuđman – the main creator of Croatian foreign policy during the 1991-2000 period – is of- ten invoked as a supreme defender of Croatian national interests. This article challenges such positions by setting up a normative framework, which states that Croatian national interest was (is) to become a functional Europeanized parliamentary democracy, based on values, norms and principles formulated in acquis communautaire. Through simplified normativism, the article evalu- ates four main points: “respect for sovereignty”, “peace”, “market economy” and “rule of law” in which the Croatian foreign policy, whose main creator was Franjo Tuđman, largely contributed to the alienation of Croatia from its vital national interest. The final part of the article evaluates Tuđman’s thought that focuses mainly on the position of small peoples within multinational en- tities, democracy, Croatia and the EU etc. One of the main reasons of a failed democratic transition is found in Tuđman’s perception that Croatia became a democratic state just by formally adopting a democratic Constitution. Key words: Franjo Tuđman, national interests, Croatian foreign policy, Euro- peanization, (de)Tuđmanization Introduction On the “historical day for Croatia”, when its “return to Europe” was finally about to happen, there were “two Croats”.
    [Show full text]
  • Croatia's Captured Places
    CROATIA’S CAPTURED PLACES Research report Case Studies on the Quality of Local Governance in Croatia CROATIA’S CAPTURED PLACES Research report Case Studies on the Quality of Local Governance in Croatia Authors: Dražen Hoffmann, Nives Miošić-Lisjak, Duje Prkut, Dragan Zelić - GONG Paul Stubbs, PhD - The Institute of Economics, Zagreb Berto Šalaj, PhD - Faculty of Political Science, Zagreb University Siniša Zrinščak, PhD - Faculty of Law, Zagreb University Zagreb, February 2017. Publisher: GONG For the publisher: Jelena Berković Reviewers: Tea Škokić, PhD, Institute for Ethnology and Folklore Research, Zagreb Eric Gordy, PhD, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London Photography author: Jadran Boban ISBN: 978-953-7960-06-3 Table of Contents 0. Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 9 2. Key Concepts 12 2.1 Local State 13 2.2 State Capture 14 2.3 Informal practices 15 2.4 Power networks 16 3. Methodology 18 4. Local State Capture in Croatian Practice 24 4.1 Elements of the Institutional and Legal Frameworks 25 The County of Istria 27 1. Political Context in the County of Istria 28 2. Formal Mechanism of Local State Capture in the County of Istria 30 3. Informal Mechanisms of Local State Capture in the County of Istria 36 4. Ensuring Voter Support in the County of Istria 39 5. Factors Contributing to IDS’ Continuous Governance in the County of Istria 41 The City of Zagreb 48 1. Political Context in the City of Zagreb 49 2. Formal Mechanisms of Local State Capture in the City of Zagreb 51 3. Informal Mechanisms of Local State Capture in the City of Zagreb 60 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Crisis of the Croatian Second Republic (1990-1999): Transition to Totalitarianism Or to Democracy?
    Lalović, D., Crisis of the Croatian ..., Politička misao, Vol. XXXVII, (2000), No. 5, pp. 47–60 47 Izvorni znanstveni članak 32(497.5)“199” Crisis of the Croatian Second Republic (1990-1999): * Transition to Totalitarianism or to Democracy? DRAGUTIN LALOVIĆ Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb Summary Three sets of problems are set forth in detail. These sets outline the most significant totalitarian features of Croatian political and social life between 1990- 1999. The first set is the ideological project of national sovereignty, defined by the political program of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ). The second set relates to the systemic position of the HDZ’s president as head of state. The third deals with the HDZ’s policy towards the neighbouring state of Bosnia and Herze- govina. This analysis shows that the central problem of Croatian political circum- stances lay in the inability of HDZ to structure the public and political space as a state, and the social field as a civil society. Thus, the HDZ is the source of totali- tarian tendencies in the Croatian state. However, these were not the dominant features of the Croatian political and social order, since HDZ was not ideologi- cally and politically powerful enough to shape the Croatian state and society in its own image. The Croatian Second Republic did not become a totalitarian commu- nity, but an authoritarian state with marked totalitarian features, but also with an increasingly more pronounced democratic and liberal potential. The Croatian First Republic existed within the Yugoslav federation until the first competitive multiparty elections (that is from 1944 to 1990).
    [Show full text]