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Davor Marijan OLUJA KAZALO Davor Marijan OLUJA Nakladnik Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata, Zagreb Za nakladnika: dr. sc. Ante Nazor Urednik: dr. sc. Ante Nazor Autor dr. sc. Davor Marijan Priloge pripremio Mate Rupi} Recenzenti: dr. sc. Nikica Bari} dr. sc. Zdenko Radeli} sto`erni general u mirovini Anton Tus Lektorica: Julija Barun~i} Pletikosi} Izrada kazala: mr. sc. Ana Holjevac Tukovi} Prijepis dokumenata: Indira Alpeza Priprema za tisak: Kolumna d.o.o. Tisak ## Naklada 500 primjeraka Davor Marijan OLUJA Zagreb, rujan 2007. Hrvatski vojnik (gardist) SADR@AJ Rije~ urednika . .7 Oluja . .29 Kratice . .148 @ivotopis autora . .150 Prilozi (pripremio prof. Mate Rupi}) . .153 Kazalo imena . .424 Kazalo mjesta . .430 5 Knin (tvr|ava), 6. kolovoza 1995. (autor fotografije: Alem Had`iegri}) Vojno-redarstvena operacija “Oluja” zaslu`uje da, me|u ostalim, bude prezentirana ovakvim radom. To je najpotpuniji i najcjelovitiji prikaz “Oluje” koji sam do sada pro~itao. Iz recenzije sto`ernog generala Antona Tusa RIJE^ UREDNIKA na~aj oslobodila~ke vojno-redarstvene operacije Oluja za sudbinu Hrvatske izniman je. Pobjedonosnom Olujom Hrvatska je u kolovozu 1995. uspje{no privodila kraju jedno Zvrlo dramati~no razdoblje svoje povijesti, zapo~eto oru`anom pobunom Srba u Hrvatskoj i teroristi~kim djelovanjem srpskih ekstremista od kolovoza 1990., kao uvodom u otvorenu agresiju na Republiku Hrvatsku, koju su od srpnja 1991. izvr{ile Oru`ane snage SFRJ (JNA i Teritorijalne obrane Srbije, Crne Gore i BiH), odnosno Srbija i Crna gora te srpske paravojne, uglavnom pro~etni~ke, postrojbe. Slobodno se mo`e re}i da je o ishodu Oluje ovisio opstanak Hrvatske u me|unarodno priznatim granicama i da bi neuspjeh te operacije za teritorijalnu cjelovitost RH imao kobne i trajne posljedice. Danas, 12 godina nakon pobjede Hrvatske vojske i policije te{ko je i zamisliti svu dramati~nost odluke o pokretanju Oluje, s obzirom na to da Hrvatska vjerojatno nikad vi{e ne bi dobila priliku da okupirani teritorij vrati u svoj ustavno-pravni poredak. Iako hladna, znanstvena ra{~lamba mo`e pokazati da operacija Oluja zbog niza problema u njezinoj pripremi i izvo|enju nije bila tako besprijekorna kakvom je neki prikazuju, {to je i razumljivo s obzirom na okolnosti u kojima se provodila i na brojnost mobiliziranoga ljudstva, za ve}inu Hrvata i gra|ana ostalih narodnosti koje `ive u Hrvatskoj i smatraju je svojom domovinom, ona je veli~anstvena. Prije svega zbog njezina rezultata – osloba|anja okupiranoga teritorija Republike Hrvatske te spa{avanja od sigurne smrti tisu}e ljudi u Biha}u. To je razlog zbog kojeg ni primjedbe vojnih analiti~ara i povjesni~ara o nedostacima u provedbi Oluje ne mogu dovesti u pitanje njezin uspjeh. Posebice jer pri dono{enju kona~ne ocjene o razini uspje{nosti Oluje treba uzeti u obzir da je tako slo`enu operaciju izvela vojska koja je stvorena u kratkom roku i ustrojavana u ratnim uvjetima, nakon {to se 1991. Hrvatska obranila od agresije nadmo}nih srpskih snaga i potpune okupacije u cilju stvaranja tzv. Velike Srbije. Oluja je zapravo kruna hrvatskog Domovinskog rata i potvrda vojnog umije}a hrvatskih ~asnika, do~asnika i vojnika, odnosno njihove hrabrosti i odlu~nosti, te organiziranosti i sposobnosti za primjenu znanstvenih dostignu}a, ali i za improvizaciju. Neovisno o tome je li u~inak njegove postrojbe bio manji ili ve}i, svaki hrvatski vojnik i policajac koji je ~asno sudjelovao u Oluji zaslu`uje priznanje i zahvalnost ostalih gra|ana Hrvatske, koji su godinama ~ekali osloba|anje svoje domovine i zavr{etak rata. Ta sudbonosna operacija hrvatskih oru`anih snaga predmet je gotovo svakodnevnih rasprava ili komentara, no malo je radova o njoj koji su temeljeni na povijesnim izvorima, kao {to je studija Oluja dr. sc. Davora Marijana. U njoj su po prvi puta u hrvatskoj historiografiji, kronolo{ki po zbornim podru~jima Hrvatske vojske, kriti~ki prikazane priprema i tijek vojno- redarstvene operacije Oluja. Iako su u knjizi predo~eni relevantni dokumenti, upravo je nedostupnost izvora – uglavnom zbog nesre|enosti arhivskoga gradiva, ali i zbog toga {to je dio gradiva ostao kod privatnih imatelja, velik problem svima koji `ele pisati o toj operaciji. Neki mo`da ne}e biti zadovoljni prezentacijom njihove uloge u Oluji, neki neposredni 7 sudionici doga|aja mo`da }e uo~iti neke pogre{ne podatke u navedenim dokumentima, {to }e postaviti pitanje objektivnosti pojedinoga izvora, odnosno njegove cjelovitosti i to~nosti navedenih podataka. Zbog toga molimo sve koji }e imati argumentirane primjedbe na sadr`aj studije da ih dostave Centru, kako bi ih evidentirali i arhivirali, te u~inili dostupnim za neku novu prezentaciju. No, bez obzira na mogu}e nedostatke, ova studija odli~an je temelj za svaku daljnu raspravu o Oluji, tim vi{e jer je te{ko o~ekivati da se ve} prvim takvim radom mo`e odgovoriti na sva pitanja i probleme o tako slo`enom doga|aju kakav je bila spomenuta operacija. Ovom studijom javnost je dobila na uvid pregled Oluje iz perspektive povjesni~ara, temeljen na trenutno dostupnim povijesnim izvorima. Autor se u njoj ograni~io na prikaz sudjelovanja Zbornih podru~ja HV-a u Oluji i ne prikazuje djelovanje svake brigade pojedina~no. No, ostaje nada da }e ova studija potaknuti pisanje posebnih monografija o ulozi svakoga pojedinoga Zbornog podru~ja u Oluji, u kojima }e se detaljno prikazati anga`iranje svake brigade, odnosno svake bojne unutar brigade, kao i drugih postrojbi. Neke ve} postoje (primjerice, Jak{a Ragu`, Ratni put 151. samoborske brigade HV, Samobor, 2006.; Aleksandar Bo`i} – Damir Gor{eta, 153. velikogori~ka brigada HV, Velika Gorica, 2002.), a ve}inu tek treba napisati, da bi se potvrdio ili korigirao sadr`aj postoje}ih ra{~lambi. Upravo radi {to ve}e objektivnosti, studija je, odnosno njezini djelovi – pojedina Zborna podru~ja, dana na ~itanje cijenjenim zapovjednicima Hrvatske vojske, koji su svojim primjedbama pridonijeli kvaliteti i objektivnosti napisanoga, pru`aju}i u nekim slu~ajevima i druga~iji pogled na sadr`aj pojedinih izvora. Uvid u sadr`aj pisanog izvora i primjedbe neposrednih visokopozicioniranih sudionika doga|aja o kojem je rije~ posebno su bogatstvo ove studije. Time se, uz autorovu interpretaciju pisanoga izvora, `eljelo upozoriti i na mi{ljenja zapovjednika, kao neposrednih sudionika doga|aja, ~ije izjave imaju poseban zna~aj. ^itatelj tako mo`e dobiti potvrdu to~nosti pisanoga izvora, ali i uvjeriti se u neizbje`no razmimoila`enje sadr`aja pisanih izvora i memoarskoga gradiva, odnosno u ~injenicu da isti pisani izvor o nekom doga|aju njegovi neposredni sudionici ~esto razli~ito interpretiraju. Naime, izvje{}a su ~esto pisana automatizmom i uglavnom se bave rezultatima, a manje na~inom ili obja{njenjima razloga zbog kojih su postignuti rezultati takvi kakvi jesu, tako da mogu pru`iti nepotpunu sliku nekog doga|aja. Zato je, radi objektivnog prikaza doga|aja, razgovor s neposrednim sudionicima po`eljan, da bi se obrazlo`ilo za{to je ne{to odra|eno tako kako je, a ne onako kako je bilo zami{ljeno u planovima. Dakako, u toj pri~i uvijek postoji opasnost da sugovornik bude previ{e subjektivan, uostalom kao i autori raznih izvje{}a i drugih pisanih dokumenata, a na povjesni~arima i drugim znanstvenicima je da to procijene. Osim toga, postoji i “korektiv javnosti”, pa je vrlo va`no da se sadr`aj izvora (pisanih i usmenih) {to je prije mogu}e objavi, ili da se o istoj temi napravi {to je mogu}e ve}i broj razgovora s neposrednim sudionicima doga|aja. U svakom slu~aju, po`eljno je da ~itatelj na jednom mjestu dobije sadr`aj ili interpretaciju povijesnog izvora i obja{njenje neposrednih sudionika doga|aja o kojem je rije~ u izvoru, jer se time pove}ava mogu}nost njegova realnijeg i objektivnijeg zaklju~ivanja. Zato zbog spremnosti na pomo} u ure|ivanju ove knjige treba zahvaliti generalima i zapovjednicima Hrvatske vojske i specijalnih postrojbi MUP-a RH, kao i udrugama hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata, ~ije su korisne primjedbe pomogle {to objektivnijem prikazu onog dijela Oluje u kojem su neposredno sudjelovali. Njihova imena navedena su u bilje{kama, uz njihove osvrte na tekst ili navedene izvore. Posebice treba 8 zahvaliti recenzentima knjige, generalu Antonu Tusu te dr.sc. Zdenku Radeli}u i dr.sc. Nikici Bari}u. Uz spomenutu znanstvenu studiju, knjiga je oboga}ena Prilozima dokumenata o va`nim politi~kim i vojnim doga|ajima uo~i Oluje, koji su utjecali na njezino pokretanje (proces pripajanja Srbiji i ujedinjenja tzv. Republike Srpske Krajine1 i Republike Srpske, odnosno Srba iz Hrvatske i BiH u jedinstvenu dr`avu te Biha}ka kriza), te o njezinim posljedicama (odlazak Srba s okupiranog podru~ja), koje je odabrao i za tisak pripremio vi{i arhivist Mate Rupi}, pro~elnik Odjela za arhivsko gradivo Hrvatskog memorijalno-dokumentacijskog centra Domovinskog rata. Navedene teme, odnosno odabrani i kronolo{ki slo`eni dokumenti u njima, trebali bi pomo}i u tra`enju odgovora na pitanje za{to se diplomacijom i mirnim putem nije moglo rije{iti pitanje okupiranoga teritorija Republike Hrvatske, za{to se Oluja vi{e nije mogla odga|ati, te za{to su tvrdnje da je hrvatsko vodstvo protjeralo Srbe iz tzv. Krajine i provelo etni~ko ~i{}enje povijesno neutemeljene. Da bi se upozorilo da pokretanje Oluje nije bio iznenadni hir hrvatskoga vodstva, ve} posljedica dugotrajnoga procesa neuspje{nih pregovora s vodstvom pobunjenih Srba o mirnoj reintegraciji okupiranoga hrvatskog teritorija i nedjelotvornih poteza me|unarodne zajednice, odnosno da bi se naglasilo da se problem pokretanja Oluje ne mo`e ograni~iti samo na doga|aje iz srpnja i kolovoza 1995., dokumenti u Prilozima ove knjige obuhva}aju raspon od 1991. do 1995. godine. A s obzirom na to da o namjerama vodstva pobunjenih Srba iz Hrvatske da se pripoje Srbiji i da zajedno sa Srbima iz BiH stvore jedinstvenu srpsku dr`avu, najbolje svjedo~e dokumenti nastali djelovanjem njihovih ili njima savezni~kih (“beogradskih”) politi~kih i vojnih institucija, prire|iva~ Priloga se u odabiru dokumenata ograni~io na izvore srpske provenijencije.
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