Notes from Lutheran Agendas 1523–1800
Allstedt [ca. 1524] (Allstedt, [n.d.]) s [11/23/95] - semiofficial
Müntzer, Thomas. Deutsch kirchen ampt. Vorordnet, aufzuheben den hinterlistigen deckel, unter welchem das liecht der welt vorhalten war, welchs jetzt widerümb erscheint, mit disen lobgesengen und götlichen psalmen, die do erbauen die zunemenden christenheit, nach gottis unwandelbaren willen, zum untergang aller prechtigen geperde der gottlosen. REPRINT: Smend 99–105; Sehling 1:472–97.
Notes from Sehling.
Consists entirely of propers in German for Matins (with Lauds) and Vespers for Advent, Christmas, Passiontide, Easter and Pentecost, all with musical notation (music not reprinted in Sehling).
Allstedt 1524a (Eilenburg, 1524) s [11/23/95] - semiofficial
Müntzer, Thomas. Ordnung und berechnunge des teutschen ampts zu Alstadt durch Tomam Müntzer, seelwarters im vorgangen osteren aufgericht. 1523. Alstedt 1524. Ordnung und rechenschaft des teutschen ampts zu Alstet durch die diener gottis neulich aufgericht. 1523.
Notes from Sehling.
The entire liturgy is in German. This order not only specifies the parts of the liturgy, but explains them as well in words suited to the laity. First the entire psalm (which one?) is sung, as at the beginnings of Christianity. Then the Gemeine Beicht, then the "Eingang des ampts" (i.e., Introit). Then the Kyrie, then Gloria, then is sung "Der herre sei mit euch." "Und mit deinem geist." Then Collect. (p. 504) Then Epistle, Gradual and Alleluia. In place of the Prose or Sequence is sung the psalm "Miserere mei deus" in the tonus peregrinus. Then the Gospel. Entire chapters are read for the Epistle and Gospel, and they are sung ("Darumb singen wir auch in dem geheim gotes die epistel und das evangelion auf unser sprach..."). Then on Sundays and holy days the Creed is sung. Then the sermon, after which is sung "Nu bitten wir den heilgen geist." Then the Benedictus. Then the Preface is sung, then the Sanctus. Then the Verba are sung (p. 506) to the tone of the Preface. Then after the Elevation the Vater Unser is sung to the same tone: "Darumb last uns alle bitten, wie uns Jesus Christus, der warhaftig son gotis, hat geleret, sagende: Vater unser...," the people responding "Amen." Then there is silence, during which the priest partitions the sacrament for the communicants ("unter welcher zeit der priester der communicanten halben das sacrament teilet") and sings "Durch alle ewigkeit der ewigkeit" (the end of the Vater Unser), and the people answer "Amen." Then "Der fride des herren sei alzeit mit euch," the people answering "Und mit deinem geist." Then the people sing "O lamb gottes, wilchs du weg nimpst die sunder der welt etc." three times, ending with "Erbarme dich unser" the first two times and with "Gib uns deinen fride" the last time. Then the sacrament is distributed under both kinds. After the communion are the Thanksgiving and the Blessing. (p. 506)
Justification for the mass in German follows, then orders for baptism, marriage, communion of the sick and burial. (p. 507) Allstedt 1524b (Allstedt, 1524) s [11/23/95] - semiofficial
Müntzer, Thomas. Deutsch evangelisch messe, etwan durch die bepstischen pfaffen im latein zu grossem nachtheil des christen glaubens vor ein opfer gehandelt und itzt vorordent in dieser ferlichen zeit zu entdecken den greuel aller abgötterei durch solche missbreuche der messen lange zeit getrieben. Thomas Münzer. Alstedt 1524. REPRINT: Sehling 1:497–504; {Thomas Müntzer: Deutsche evangelische Messe 1524,} edited by Siegfried Bräuer (Berlin: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 1988) (Wolfenbüttel: MW 72–4530).
Notes from Sehling.
The mass in German, not with "unworthy little songs," but with the music of the Latin retained and translated into German. Certain Gesenge, such as the "Et in terra" or the Patrem, may be sung or omitted as desired. (p. 498)
The book comprises orders for Advent, Christmas, Passiontide, Easter and Pentecost.
Advent: Ps. 42 is spoken with all the people before the common confession. For the confession the Priester says "O milder gott vater, ich bekenne dir und deinem zarten sohne, Jesu Christ...." The people respond "Got sei dir gnedig, lere dich von tag zu tage, alle seines willens und werks uns zu gute warnemen mit thun und lassen." The priest says: "Amen. O gott, wende dich zu uns wie ein getreuer unterweiser," the people answering "Auf das wir, dein volk, mügen in dir frölich sein." Priest: "O herr, nicht uns, nicht uns." People: "Sundern gib den preis deinem namen." Priest: "Last uns bitten: O herr, nimm von uns unser missethat, das wir mit rechtschaffenem gemüt deiner heiligen göttlichen kraft mügen gewertig sein im gezeugnis zukünftiger wort durch Jesum Christum, unsern herrn. Amen." Then the Introit (notated with music; Sehling does not reprint the music) with Psalm verse. Then "Kyrie leyson, Christe leyson, kyrie leyson, kyrie leyson. Preis sei gott in der höe. Und den menschen auf erden frid eins guten willens...." (p. 499) [Music notation ends.] Then the priest: "Der herr sei mit euch." People: "Und mit deinem geist." Priest: "Last uns bitten. O milder gott" [continues with the Collect], the people answering: "Amen." Then the Epistle. [Music notation begins.] Then Alleluia with versicle. [Music notation ends.] Then the priest reads the Gospel: "Der herr sei mit euch," the people answering: "Und mit deinem geist." Then: "Die evangelion beschreibet der heilge Lucas," the people answering "Ehre sei dir, lieber herre." The Gospel is read. [Music notation begins.] Then the Creed: "Ich gleube in einen gott .... Und eine heilige christliche kirche ... Amen." Then: "O herr, zu dir hab ich erhaben meine sele; o gott, mein gott, auf dich vorlass ich mich und werd nit zu schanden, das mich meine feinde nicht bespotten, durch alle ewigkeit der ewigkeit. Amen." Then: "Der herre sei mit euch." "Und mit deinem geiste." "Unser herzen in die höe." "Haben wir zu dem herren." "Wir sagen dank dem herren, unserem gotte." "Es ist wirdig und ist recht." "Warlich, es ist billich und recht und ist heilsam, das wir dir, herr, o heiliger vater" [etc., continuing with the Preface and Sanctus]. Then the Verba: "Einen tag zuvorn, do Jesus wolte leiden, nam er das brot in seine heiligen hende..." (p. 500) Then "Dorumb last uns alle bitten, wie uns Jesus Christus, der sohn gotes, hat geleret, sagende: Vater unser, der du bist in himmeln.... sondern erlöse uns von übel. Amen. Durch alle ewigkeit der ewigkeit. Amen." Then "Der fride des herren sei allzeit mit euch." "Und mit deinem geist." "O lamp gotes, wilchs do tregt die sunde der welt, erbarm dich unser. O lamp gotes, wilchs do tregt die sunde der welt, gib uns deinen fride." [Music notation ends.] Then: "O herr gott, steh hart bei uns, das wir von unsern greulichen lastern mügen abzichtung thun, nach dem wir uns durch den geist Christi, deines sohnes, mit dir unwiderruflich vorbunden haben durch dis heilige zeichen seines zarten fleischs und teuren blutes, der mit dir lebet und regiret in einigkeit des heiligen geistes etc." [Music notation begins.] "Last uns gesegnen den herren." "Gott sei ewiglich dank." (p. 501)
The masses for the other seasons are similar. One thing to note about this order is that the congregation has a number of responses assigned to it.
Altenburg 1705 (Altenburg, 1705) s [8/5/93] - official(?)
Agenda oder Kirchen-Ordnung, wie sich die Pfarrherren... im Fürstenthum Altenburg verhalten sollen. Cited in Graff 1:42. In the copy BerlinPS: Dr 16682 the pages of gathering `C" have been printed in the wrong order, reversing the position of C2 and C4 and creating the page sequence 17 22 23 20 21 18 19 24. Graff could not find this source.
{AGENDA,} | Oder | K\irchen=O\rdnung/ | Wie ôich Die | P\farrh\erren und S\eel= | ôorger in ihren A\embtern und | V\errichtungen/ | Jm | F\ürôtenthum A\ltenb\urg/ | verhalten ôollen. | [rule] | ALTENBURG/ | Bey Johann Gottfried Richtern/ F. S. Hof=Buchdr. | {Anno 1705.}
%Size: 144 @ 107 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2D^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 C2) %Pagination: 108 leaves: pp. {1–2} 3–216 (misnumbering 72 as 27)
%Fingerprint: 1705 04 - b1 A2 ele : b2 2D3 ôtliche %Preface: ... `Datum 19. Sept. Anno 1536. Justus Jonas, D. Georg Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Friedericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Our Father #2 (T4^b), Verba #1 (U1^a–U1^b)
The orders for service are neatly laid out in list fashion on pp. 109–118.
Saturday Vespers in cities when there are penitents: 3 boys kneel before the altar and sing "O du GOttes Lamm" &c. A penitential hymn is sung. (p. 109) The Prediger reads the exhortation to the penitents. "Schaffe in mir" is sung. The Litany is read by the Priester. "Verleih vns Frieden" is sung. The Priester says the Collect and Blessing. Several scholars intone "Benedicamus Domino," to which the entire choir responds "Deo dicamus gratias." Confession.
Vespers before festivals: a hymn related to the festival is sung, a piece is musiciret, the Priester reads the Gospel for the festival, a piece is musiciret, the Litany is read, another piece is musiciret, the collect and Blessing are said, "Mit dem Deo dicamus &c. musicalisch beschlossen." (p. 110)
Sundays and festivals in the early sermon: a hymn relating to the Gospel is sung, sermon, several verses from a hymn are sung, "oder nur auff der Orgel gespielet" [!], Collect and Blessing said, closed with "Mit GOtt sey uns gnädig" or several verses from another hymn.
Amts-Predigt or Communion: the Kyrie is musiciret, Prediger intones "Gloria in excelsis Deo," "Allein Gott in der Höh," Collect sung before the altar, Epistle is read, a Choral-Gesang related to the sermon, the Gospel is read, "Musiciret," (p. 111) the Glaube and immediately thereafter "HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" are sung, sermon (and on high feast days a brief festival hymn is sung before the Vater Unser); usual confession and absolution, general prayer and intercessions, thanksgivings, announcements, etc., with the Cantzel-Seegen; hymn "Schaffe in mir," communion, during which is either "musiciret" or "choraliter gesungen," Collect, Seegen, hymn "GOtt sey gelobet" or a festival hymn on festivals.
Afternoons: a hymn is sung, a part of the catechism is read by two boys (or on festivals the section from Barthol. Rosin's Fragstücke), "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" is sung (but on festivals is "musiciret") (p. 112), sermon (and on high festivals a brief festival hymn is sung before the Vater Unser), the assigned prayer (on festivals the festival prayer), intercessions, Vater Unser and Cantzel-Seegen, a Choral-Lied is sung (on festivals is musiciret), the collect, the Blessing, "Gott sey uns gnädig und barmhertzig" or another hymn is sung.
Mondays during the week, or in the weekly sermons: a hymn is sung, "HErr JESU Christ dich zu uns wend" is sung, sermon, the Litany with a prayer is read, intercessions and Cantzel-Seegen, a hymn is sung, collect and blessing, the hymn "GOtt sey uns gnädig und barmhertzig" is sung. (p. 113) On Tuesdays (or on another day when there is no Tuesday sermon) only one prayer is read after the sermon, and the Litany is sung by three boys kneeling before the altar.
Weekly prayer services: a hymn is sung, a chapter from the Bible is read from the pulpit with the assigned prayer, the Vater Unser is prayed kneeling, another hymn is sung, the collect is read, the blessing is said, "GOtt sey uns gnädig" is sung. (p. 114)
Saturday Vespers in the villages: a brief penitential hymn is sung, the exhortation to the penitents is read, "HErr sieh nicht an die Sünde mein" is sung, the collect and blessing are said. Then confession.
Sundays in the morning sermon: "Allein GOtt in der Höh" or "Jch ruff zu dir" is sung, "Der HErr sey mit euch" is chanted, collect and Epistle are read, a hymn is sung, the Gospel is read, the Glaube is sung (p. 115) (if time is short, for example if the Priester has to go to a Filiale, the Gospel and a hymn may be omitted), sermon, confession and absolution with assigned prayer and intercession, thanksgivings, announcements, etc. with the Vater Unser said and the Cantzel-Seegen spoken, a hymn or several verses pertaining to communion are sung (or if there is no communion, the collect is read), the blessing is said, "GOtt sey uns gnädig" or a verse from another hymn is sung. If there is Communion or a festival, the service begins with the Kyrie and Gloria in excelsis Deo "intoniret," otherwise as usual except that during communion several hymns are sung, and the service is closed with "GOtt sey gelobet."
Sunday afternoon (if there is a sermon): a hymn is sung (p. 116), two boys read a part of the catechism, "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" is sung, sermon, usual Kirchengebet, Vater Unser, closing with the words "Friede sey mit euch" or such from the pulpit, a hymn is sung, collect and blessing, "Gott sey uns gnädig." On high feasts a hymn is first sung, then Barthol. Rosini Fragstücken are read, then as above.
Vespers: if there is no sermon in the afternoon, the catechism examination is held instead (p. 117), for which a hymn is sung, a part of a chapter from the Bible is read with the preface and succeeding prayer, the examination is held, a boy says the usual catechism prayer with the Vater Unser, a hymn or several verses from a hymn are sung, the collect is sung and the blessing spoken, closing with the verse "Laá uns in deiner Liebe und Erkäntnüá nehmen."
Weekly sermons and prayer services: as in the cities. (p. 118)
Festivals: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (if in Holy Week or Easter week observed on Palm Sunday), Maundy Thursday (p. 146), Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (1 day only?), Trinity. Other festivals (half day?): St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis. The apostles' days may also be observed as half day festivals (p. 147), ditto with the Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene, Beheading of St. John the Baptist, St. Stephen and other incidents described in Scripture.
Communion: because there are so many rites and ceremonies in use at communion, it is to be observed as follows (p. 148): (1) after the consecration (before or during which the people come to the altar) the bexhortation is read; (2) then the Vater Unser and Verba are sung to the melody; (3) both species should be consecrated at the same time; (4) [the rest are not relevant, except that the service closes with the Collect and Blessing]. (p. 149–50) After this the people may sing "GOtt sey gelobet." (p. 156) Amberg 1544 s [9/30/95] - parish
Ordnung der kirchen, wie man dieselben zu Amberg im spital pflegt zu halten. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 13:282–84.
Notes from Sehling. Evidentally the hospital ("spital") chapel also had an attending congregation. A footnote in Sehling indicates that this order is quite traditional and that everything here mentioned or implied can be found in the "Ordo misse secundum morem ecclesie Ratisponensis" from the turn of the 15–16th century; this is reprinted in Anton Beck, {Kirchliche Studien und Quellen} (Amberg, 1903): 257–73.
When the Priester in his usual vestments goes before the altar, the Schulmeister sings the Latin "Veni, sancte" with the boys, then the priest [sings] a German collect with versicle for the grace of the Holy Spirit. [Footnote: this collect is certainly Luther's collect for Pentecost, found in the Brandenburg- Nürnberg KO of 1533 (Sehling 11:93). The versicle was sung before, not after, the collect. Luther used the versicle "Cor mundum crea in me, Deus, et spiritum rectum innova in vesceribus meis" from Ps. 51.] Then the choir sings the Introit for the mass of Holy Trinity [footnote: in the simpler churches of the Middle Ages the propers for Trinity rather than the propers for the day were generally sung (see Jungmann; also Bernh. Klaus, "Die Nürnberger Deutsche Messe 1524" in {Jahrbuch für Liturgik und Hymnologie} 1:9)] or otherwise the Introit d.t. and the Kyrie with the Et in terra, all in Latin, as heretofore. Then the Priester [sings] another collect at the altar and sings the Epistle in German. Then the choir sings the Alleluja with the Sequence, or a German psalm instead. (p. 282) Then the Priester sings the Gospel in German at the altar, then the choir sings the Nicene Creed or the Patrem in Latin, then the people sing Wir glauben in German. Then the Predicant mounts the pulpit and begins to sing "Komme, Hailiger Gaist," afterwards praying the Vater Unser, then the sermon, then the prayer for all sorts and conditions, then confession and absolution [footnote: This was not an innovation, but a carryover of the Anhange to the medieval sermon. It was not a formal prayer, but rather the setting together of several exhortations to prayer, to which each member of the congregation assents with a Vater Unser and Ave Maria]. Then another psalm follows, or the choir sings the German Litany. Then the Priester reads the exhortation to the communicants to those who were at confession the previous evening, then the choir sings the Sanctus up to (bis auf) the Agnus Dei, then the Priester sings the German Vater Unser, to which the choir responds "Amen." Then he sings the Verba, in this way consecrating the bread and wine. Then the choir and entire congregation sing "Jesus Cristus, unser Hailand," during which the communicants receive the sacrament in both forms. After the communion "Got sei gelobet" is sung, then the "Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi." Then a Collect or Pit (Bitte) and the Complent [footnote: complent = ad complendum = postcommunio = concluding prayer of the mass] with Blessing. (p. 283)
Amberg 1550 s [9/30/95] - parish
Kurzer und warhaftiger Bericht der kirchenordnung und ceremonien, wie si in S. Merteins kirchen alhie zu Amberg gehalten werden. 29. Nov. 1550. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 13:285–87.
Notes from Sehling. The order is descriptive, not prescriptive, in its form.
The traditional mass is observed, with vestments, candles, Gesenge and other decoration. First the Briester kneels at the altar and prays the Confiteor. During this the choir sings "Haec est dies" or "Veni, Sancte"; following this the Briester prays the Oremus and collect (see the 1544 order, which mentions a collect for the Holy Spirit with versicle). Then the choir sings the Introit d.t.f. Then Gloria and Et in terra, Dominus vobiscum and Oremus (p. 285), collect d.t. (if pure), and Epistle in Latin. Then the choir sings the Alleluja with a Sequence or motet. Then the Gospel and Credo with Patrem. Then the sermon, which begins with the Glaube or another German psalm or hymn d.f. Then the Offene Beicht and Gemein Gebete for all sorts and conditions. Then the choir sings the Offertory d.t. Then the Briester at the altar turns to the people and reads a German exhortation to the communicants. Then he sings the Preface, and the choir sings the Sanctus. Then he sings the Vater Unser and Verba Consecrationis, elevating both elements. Then the distribution, one element received at the left of the altar, the other at the right, during which the choir sings "Jesus Christus" or "Gott sei gelobet," and if there are many communicants, also the Litany; then the Agnus Dei and finally the Communion. Then the Briester does the postcommunion collect and Benediction. No one is allowed to commune without having first gone to confession and received private absolution with instruction toward the betterment of life ("unterricht und vermanung zur besserung des lebens").
Vespers and Matins are performed traditionally with their psalms, antiphons, chapters, responsories, hymns, versicles, lessons and Benedicamus, all sung in Latin. (p. 286)
The early service for workers and servants begins with the Briester singing the Deus in adjutorium [Ps. 70:2], the choir responding "Deus in adjuvandum," then one or two psalms in Latin (as in Vespers or Matins) until the people have gathered. Then the Briester reads in front of the altar an entire chapter from the Bible with a brief summary or explanation, then the Offene Beicht and the Gemeines Gebet with the Morgensegen [footnote: "wohl der Martin Luthers in seinem Kleinen Katechismus"], which the people repeat, ending with a collect and German psalm. (p. 287)
Amberg 1555–57 s [9/30/95] - official
Kirchenordnung eins erbern rats zu Amberg der lehr und kirchenceremonien halb, wie diselben hinfüro in iren kirchen ze halten, Got dem almechtigen zu lob und verhuetung allerlai spaltung und ergernus furgenomen, darinne sie sich dann anderen christlichen evangelischen und sonderlich der meckhelburgischen kirchen und ordnung verglichen. Manuscript dated 1555, with corrections dated 1557. REPRINT: Sehling 13:288–94.
Notes from Sehling.
All teaching is to be in accordance with the Augsburg Confession.
The content is essentially the same as in Amberg 1576 (the {Warhafter Bericht}; only differences are noted here. In Sehling the differences in the 1557 edition and the Bericht from the 1555 edition are noted in footnotes.
What the Bericht calls "Minister" this order calls "Priester" throughout. The 1557 edition also uses the term "Minister" in places.
Vespers: here the Magnificat is sung in Latin on a Feierabend and on other days at times in German; in the Bericht in Latin or German. (p. 288) The 1555 and 1557 editions instruct that Vespers is to be held every weekday (but without catechism instruction); this direction is not present in the Bericht.
Matins: in 1555 begins with the antiphon and one, two or three psalms, then the antiphon again; in 1557 and in the Bericht begins with the Deus in adjutorium and a psalm in Latin. (p. 289)
Mass: In 1557 and the Bericht the choir responds "Qui fecit celum et terram" "bedes lateinisch oder teutsch."
The 1555 order has the choir singing the Introit; 1557 and the Bericht add "or instead a German Gesang with the church."
1555 omits the versicle "Der Geist des Herrn sei mit uns allen. Amen." In its place the Priester sings "Dominus vobiscum" or "Der Herr sei mit euch," the choir responding "Et cum spiritu tuo" or "Und mit deinem geist." (p. 290)
In 1555 the priest reads the Epistle; in 1557 and the Bericht it is the deacon.
In 1555 after the Epistle the choir sings a sequence, the Litany or another spiritual Gesang. Then the priest sings the Gospel to the usual tone, then the Credo, the choir following with the Patrem in Latin or German. In 1557 the Epistle is read from the pulpit with the summary, and the choir sings the Glaube or on festivals the usual Gesang d.t., and the Gospel is omitted.
The instruction to sing the Preface in German or Latin if time permits, especially on festivals, is present in 1555 but lacking in 1557 and the Bericht.
The 1555 edition directs that the men receive the sacrament first, then the women, and that no one be allowed to receive unless he has been absolved. The 1557 edition makes clear that this absolution is a private one. The 1555 and 1557 editions also direct that the Consecrans (i.e., presiding minister) distribute the bread and the Minister (this word seems to be used for an assisting priest) the cup ("und soll der consecrans die gestalt des prots und der minister den kelch raichen"). The Bericht says only that "Jesus Christus" or other Gesenge are sung during the communion, ditto with the Agnus Dei in German or Latin. This rubric is also present in 1555 and 1557.
In 1555 the priest sings the Vater Unser and Verba "nach hergebrachtem gebrauch"; in 1557 the minister sings them "um besseres lauts und gehörs willen." (p. 291)
Midday sermon: as is customary, beginning with a German psalm. 1555 and 1557 further add that it last approximately forty-five minutes.
If there are no communicants: the direction to sing the Et in terra in German or Latin is omitted in 1555 but present in 1557 and the Bericht. In 1555 the choir is directed to sing the Patrem or Wir glauben; in 1557 "Erhalt uns Herr" or another hymn; in the Bericht the Litany, Benedictus or Te Deum in Latin or German or other hymns. The 1555 order directs that the Benedictus or Te Deum be sung on Wednesdays when there is a sermon, the Litany on Friday when there is a sermon, and "Erhalt uns, Herr" or "Verleih uns Friden" on other days when there is no sermon. On Feierabenden, Feiertegen and other appropriate occasions the organ is played and figural music is sung (1557 and the Bericht add "that is appropriate and not too long").
Festivals and holy days: Not named in 1557 and the Bericht; here they are. They include: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days) (p. 292), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity (all the foregoing with communion, as above, except that the Introit, Sequence and Preface d.t. are sung; also the old German hymns for Christmas (Puer natus, Ein kindelein so löbelich), Easter (Surrexit Christus hodie, Christ ist erstanden, Also heilig ist der tag) and Pentecost (Nun bitten wir) are sung by the choir at the beginning and by the preacher at the sermon. Other days observed are: all apostles' days, John the Baptist, Michaelis and Visitation. The following days, if observed, are moved to the next weekday with a sermon: Holy Innocents [Dec 28], Conversion of Paul [Jan 25], Mary Magdalene [Jul 22], Beheading of John [Aug 29], and the like. (p. 293)
The section on vestments is present only in 1555, not in 1557 or in the Bericht: mass vestments are worn when there are communicants, otherwise the Korrock. (p. 294)
Amberg 1576 (Leipzig, 1576) s [7/7/93] - semiofficial
Warhaffter Bericht... Amberg. Not really a church order, but a response to Daniel Tossanus's {Christliche erinnerung an einen Ersamen Rat vn[d] Gemeine der Churfürstlichen Pfaltz Stad Amberg} (1575), which criticises Amberg adherence to the 1556 order for the Pfalz. Summarizes the content of the Pfalz order.
Warhaffter Bericht/ | E\ines E\rbarn B\urg\er= | meiôters/ innern vnd euôôern Rahts/ der | Churfürôtlichen Pfaltz Stadt Amberg. | Das in jhrer angehörigen Kirchen vnnd | Schule/ die Chriôtliche/ reine Lehre/ nach inhalt Got= | tes Worts/ vnd der rechten waren Augôpurgiôchen Confeôsion | gefüret/ vnnd die hochwirdigen Sacramenta gereichet/ | auch alle andere {®actus Eccleôiaôtici¯} ver= | richtet werden. | Vnd | Welcher geôtalt ôie bey gedachter Lehre vnd | Kirchenordnung gelaôôen zu werden/ jeder zeit vnd noch | vnterthenigôt gebeten vnd bitten/ Sonôten aber alles ôchül= | digen gehorôams ôich verhalten haben/ | vnd noch erbieten. | Wider die vngegründte beôchüldigung | {®DANIELIS TOSSANI, &c.¯} | 2. Corinth. II. | GOtt vnd der Vater vnôers HERRN JHeôu | Christi/ welcher ôey gelobt in ewigkeit/ Weis/ das ich | nicht liege. | Gedruckt zu Leipzig/ durch Johan. | Beyer/ Jm Jar 1576.
%Size: 159 @ 100 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–F^4; $1–3 signed (–F3); B2 italic %Pagination: 24 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1576 04 - b1 A2 te)$aus$ : b2 F2 nôen %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none
Vespers on Saturday, Sunday and holy days: the Minister begins with "Deus in adiutorium," the choir responding; then the Schüler intone the antiphon, then the choir sings one, two or three psalms in Latin or German to the usual tones. Then the antiphon from the Sunday or feast, then a responsory or hymn "die da rein sindt" (this refers to doctrinal purity), with the versicle. Then the Minister reads a lesson from the Predigtstuhl with the summary, then the usual intercessions and Abendsegen, then the Magnificat is sung in Latin or German with an antiphon from the Sunday or feast, then the collect, the choir closing with the Benedicamus Domino or Erhalt uns Herr and Verleih uns frieden. After Vespers the Diaconi hear confession for those communing. On Sundays and festivals two boys recite a section of Luther's catechism after the lesson. Vespers is held on all weekdays the same way, except that the catechism is not recited. (f. B4^a)
Matins begins with the Deus in adiutorium, then a Psalm in Latin, then the Minister reads a lesson with the summary and the intercessions. Then the people sing a German psalm, then a collect and the blessing. On Sundays the lesson and summary are replaced with a section of the catechism, then a section from the Large Catechism with the explanation, then the Gospel for the Sunday, then a certain form of confession, then the intercessions, etc. On high feasts a sermon on the right use of Communion replaces the lesson, etc.
Ceremonies on holy days: the choir sings the Veni sancte, then the Minister sings the Adiutorium nostrum in nomine Domini, then the choir responds Qui fecit coelum & terram, both in Latin or German. Then a confession of sins (f. B4^b) and absolution by the Minister (no "I forgive"). Then the choir sings the Introit (or with the congregation sings a German hymn), then the Kyrie eleison, Gloria in excelsis (or Allein Gott in der Höh). Then the Minister sings "Der Geist des HERRN sey mit vns allen," the choir responding "Amen." Then the collect in German, the congregation responding "Amen." Then the Diacon reads the Epistle from the Cantzel with the summary. Then the choir sings the Glaube (or on festivals the assigned Gesang de tempore) in Latin or German. (f. C1^b) Then the sermon on the Gospel, then the people are exhorted to prayer, then the announcements, then the Exhortation with the prayer (see the Kirchenordnung) is read to the people, then the Sanctus in Latin or German. Then the Vater Unser and verba consecrationis are sung by the Minister, with the Elevation omitted. Then the communion, during which Jesus Christus, unser Heiland or other hymns are sung, ditto with the Agnus Dei in German or Latin. Then the Minister sings the Thanksgiving or Collect, then speaks the Benediction to the people.
Midday service on holy days: as is customary, begins with a German psalm.
When there are no communicants on holy days and weekdays: begins with the Veni Sancte, then one or two German psalms or Allein Gott in der Höh (f. C2^a) with the Et in terra in German or Latin, or other hymns. Then the Minister sings a German collect, and another Kirchendiener reads a lesson from an Epistle with the summary from the Predigtstuhl. Then the choir and people sing a German psalm, then the Kirchendiener reads a lesson from the Gospel from the Predigtstuhl, then the sermon, then the short or long prayer, then the Litany in German or the Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel or Te Deum laudamus in Latin or German, or another hymn. The service is closed with a collect and the Benediction.
Organ and figural music should not be too long: "AUch sol an Feierabenden, Feiertagen, vnd andern gebürenden zeiten, die Orgel vnd Figuriren der Gesenge, doch zimlicher weise, vnd nicht zu lang, gebraucht werden." (f. C2^b)
Andorff 1567 ([N.p.], 1567) s [7/8/93] - semiofficial
Kirchenagend, oder Form vnd Gestalt wie es mit den Sacramenten... gehalten wird, in der Kirchen der Augsburigschen Confession zu Andorff. Prepared by a group consisting of Franciscus Alardus, Dythmarus Timannus, Christianus Vuernerus, Iohannes Veliger, Balthasar Houwart and Theodoricus Noteman; reviewed by several theologians, including Spangenberg and Flacius Illyricus.
K\irch\enagend/ oder | F\orm vnd Geôtalt/ W\ie es mit den | Sacramenten vnd Ceremonien gehalten | wird/ in der Kirchen der Augôpur= | giôchen Confeôsion zu An- | dorff. | Durch die Ehrwirdigen Herrn vnd Pre= | dicanten daôelbôt geôtelt/ Welcher | Namen am Ende geôetzt | werden. | 1. Corinth. 14. | Laôôet alles ordenlich/ ehrlich vnd zur baw= | ung geôchehen/ | Denn Gott iôt nicht ein Gott der Vnord= | nung. | Anno 1567. || {stet:} An- | dorff.]
%Size: 148 @ 99 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–J^4 (J4+#`^2J2#"), é1; $1–3 signed (–A1 +H4 J4) %Pagination: 38 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1567 04 - b1 A2 d$erb : b2 J2 h$ne %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none Communion: after the service the congregation sings a German psalm (not too long) while the Minister prepares the table, and the communicants gather at the table, the men on one side and the women on the other. The Predicant gives an exhortation (E4^a), ending with a prayer (F4^b) and the Vater Unser. Then the Verba (G1^a) and the distribution, during which the congregation sings one or more of the hymns O Lamb Gottes vnschuldig, Jesus Christus vnser Heiland, Jch danck dem Herrn von gantzem hertzen, Jesaia dem Propheten das geschach, Gott sey gelobet, Vater vnser im Himelreich; the singing continues until all have communed. (G1^b) Then a prayer and the blessing. (G2^a)
Ceremonien bey den Predigten: the congregation may sing hymns with the Küster before the sermon, provided that no new hymns are introduced without the Predicant's prior approval (to safeguard the doctrine). Possible hymns:
Christmas: Christum wir sollen loben schon, Gelobt seistu Jesu Christ, Vom Himel hoch da kom ich her, Vom Himel kam der Engel schar, Ein Kindelein so löbelich, Der tag der ist so freudenreich, Jn dulci Jubilo, Ein Kind geborn zu Bethlehem, Was fürchstu Feind Herodes sehr, Herr Christ der einig Gottes Sohn (J2^a)
Lent: O Gott Vater in ewigkeit (to the tune of the Vater Unser), Christus der vns selig macht, O Jesu Christ dein Nam der ist, Da Jesus an dem Creutze stund, Nu frewet euch lieben Christen gemein
Easter: Christ ist erstanden, Christ lag in Todesbanden, Jesus Christus vnser Heiland, Frölich wöllen wir Halleluia singen
Ascension: Christ fuhr gen Himel
Pentecost: Kom heiliger Geist erfüll die hertzen, Kom heiliger Geist Herre Gott erfüll mit, Kom Gott schöpffer heiliger Geist, Nu bitten wir den heiligen Geist
Trinity: Gott der Vater won vns bey, Der du bist drey in einigkeit
Advent: Nu kom der Heiden Heiland, O Herr Gott Schöpffer aller ding
Additional for feasts: Herr Gott dich loben wir, Durch Adams Fall, Nu frewet euch lieben Christen gemein (J2^b), Kompt her zu mir, Ich ruff zu dir, Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ
Non-festival days: Dis sind die heiligen zehen Gebott, Mensch wiltu leben seliglich, Vater vnser im Himelreich, Erbarm dich mein o Herre Gott, O Herre Gott begnade mich, Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ, Aus tieffer not, Es wolt vns Gott gnedig sein
In time of need: Ach Gott von Himel sieh darein, Ein feste burg ist vnser Gott, Wo Gott der Herr nicht bey vns Helt, Wer Gott nicht mit vns diese zeit, Es spricht der vnweisen mund wol, Hilff Gott wie gehet das jmmer zu, An Wasserflussen Babylon
In all morning services the Glaube "Wir glauben all" is sung. (J3^a) When the Predicant mounts the Cantzel "Nun bitten wir" or "Kom heiliger Geist Herre Gott" is sung. After the sermon, if there are communicants, see above. If there are none, the Vater Unser or a penitential psalm is sung. Then "Erhalt uns Herr."
In the afternoon service the congregation sings before and after the sermon. It would be good if the Magnificat were sung slowly in German at all except high festivals, and "Christ der du bist tag vnd Liecht" sung after the sermon. Churches may also hold an early service at 5:00 or 6:00 in the summer and at 6:00 or 7:00 in the winter at which the catechism is preached upon. (J3^b) One may also sing the German Benedictus and the hymn "Jch dancke dir lieber Herre."
It would also be good if in Sunday morning services a chapter from the Old Testament were read, and in Sunday afternoon services a chapter from the New Testament, with Veit Dietrich's (or someone else's) summary. It is also recommended that all services close with a collect and that once or twice during the week the children be instructed in the catechism, and that every Sunday before or after the afternoon service the chief parts be read. Liturgical garments, choir robes, candles, the Latin Kyrie (!), Dominus vobiscum, preface, etc. are not used. (J4^a)
Andorff 1567 ([Schmalkalden], 1567) r [8/18/93]
Agenda. Christliche Kirchenordnung der Gemeine Gottes, so in Antdorff derwaren... Augsburgischen Confession zugethan.
%Preface: Cyriacus Spangenberg
The same as the other printing in 1567 but in octavo.
Anhalt 1548 s [11/15/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:554–55.
%Preface: By "herren Johannsen und herren Georgen coadjutoren in geistlichen sachen des stifts Merseburg thumprobst zu Magdeburg, geprudern, fursten zu Anhalt etc."
Notes from Sehling.
Saturdays: the Pfarher or Diacon begins Vespers with "Deus in adjutorium," then the psalms, as usual, then a chapter from the Bible first in Latin, then in German, then a responsory or Hymnus de tempore, or if these are not known a German psalm, then the Magnificat with antiphon and collect de tempore, closing with the Benedicamus. Confession is held after Vespers.
Matins begins with "Domine labia mea aperies," "Deus in adjutorium," the Invitatory with the Venite (especially on high feasts), then the psalms in their order (except for high feasts, which have proper psalms), then the Responsory, then the Te deum in Latin or German, a collect, and the recitation of the catechism. After Matins the sermon is held, as usual.
Mass: held in the usual mass vestments. The Priester first kneels before the altar and makes his confession, and the Minister speaks the absolution, during which is sung the Introit, Kyrie, then the Et in terra "nach gelegenheit der zeit" (i.e., at the appropriate times during the liturgical year), then the Collect preceded by the Salutation, then the Epistle (in Latin on high feasts, otherwise in German), then on high feasts the Alleluia and Sequence (or on other Sundays a German Gesang chosen by the Pastor), then the Gospel (in Latin or German, as above for the Epistle), then the "Credo in unum deum," then the Patrem (especially on high feasts), then the people sing "Wir gleuben," then the sermon, then a German psalm is sung while the people assemble in the Chor, the men on the right and the women on the left, and all kneel; then on high feasts the Priester sings the Preface and the Schüler the Sanctus, but on other Sundays and holy days Luther's exhortation is read to the communicants. Then the Priester sings the Oratio Dominica and the Verba. Then the communion as usual, the Deacon distributing the chalice wearing a Chorrock. During the communion on high feasts is sung the Agnus Dei and other Gesenge as time allows (p. 554), but on other days a German Gesang on the sacrament or the Litany is sung; finally the mass is ended with the Thanksgiving and Blessing.
On weekdays a brief Matins is sung. If there are communicants the Matins may be omitted and the entire mass held as above, "doch ferialiter ut vocant"; that is, with Introit for the Sunday or a German psalm, Kyrie, Gloria is omitted, Collect, Epistle "nach der ordnunge," a German Gesang, Gospel "nach der ordnunge," "Wir gleuben" (the brief form), sermon and the rest as above. (p. 555)
Anhalt 1568 s [11/15/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:568–70.
%Preface: By "Bernhart, fürste zu Anhalt, grave zu Aschcanien, herre zu Zerbst und Bernburg."
Notes from Sehling.
Vespers: (1) Deus in adiutorium; (2) psalms; (3) chapter from the Bible in German or Latin; (4) German Gesang; (5) sermon on Sundays and festivals, but not on Saturdays; (6) responsories and hymns de tempore; (7) Magnificat; (8) antiphon; (9) collect; (10) Benedicamus.
Matins on Sundays: (1) Domine labia mea aperies; (2) Deus in adiutorium; (p. 568) (3) psalms in the usual order, except on high feasts, which have their own psalms; (4) responsory; (5) Te deum; (6) Benedicamus; (7) collect; (8) "Nu bitten wir" or "Kom heiliger geist"; (9) sermon; (10) a German Gesang pro pace or another.
Weekday sermons are rung at 6:00; the ringing is not to be too long, so that the Gesenge can be started earlier and ended by 6:45 and the scholars back in school by 7:00. Order: (1) Domine labia mea aperies; (2) Deus in adiutorium; (3) Latin psalms; (4) antiphons begun; (5) Benedictus; (6) antiphons ended; (7) Benedicamus; (8) collect; (9) a brief German psalm; (10) sermon; (11) a brief German psalm.
Mass: since there are two kinds of masses, figural and choral, it would be good if a figural mass were sung one Sunday and a choral mass the next, alternating each Sunday. But if this keeps the scholars too much from their studies, it would be sufficient if a figural mass were done only every four weeks, but not less, "es were dann, das die herschaften hier weren ader bestellungen theten." Order: (1) Introit sung or played by the organ; (2) Kyrie and Gloria; (3) Et in terra, motet or German Gesang; (4) collect; (5) Epistle; (6) Sequence, motet or German Gesang, or omitted if pressed for time; (7) Gospel; the priest "Credo in unum deum"; (8) Wir glauben; (9) sermon; (10) a brief motet or "Sei lob und ehr mit hohem preis," sung or played on the organ; (11) Luther's exhortation with the prayer; (12) Vater Unser; (13) Verba; (14) distribution of communion; (15) Thanksgiving; (16) Benediction. If the mass is not figured, it is begun with "Veni sancte spiritus," then everything else as above; and when the Priester sings the Gospel he [also] sings the Credo in unum deum, then the Patrem is sung, then the German Glaube, then the sermon, then "Sei lob und ehr," then as above. On high feasts two days are sung figural and the third choral in Latin with the Sequence de tempore.
Holy days: apostles' days announced from the pulpit; also John the Baptist, Mary Magdalene (both as apostles' days), Purification, Annunciation, Michaelis (all three "solenne"). If Annunciation falls during Holy Week it is moved to "Palmabend." The Passion of Christ is sung three Sundays before Easter figuraliter, on Maundy Thursday in Latin, and on Good Friday in German, "mit underschietlicher teilung der personen"; that is, with different individuals singing the three parts.
Henceforth on all Sundays and festivals the sermon shall not last longer than an hour, and the weekday sermons not longer than forty-five minutes, including the prayer after the sermon. (p. 569)
Because the Elevation is practiced in some churches but not in others, it shall be done on high feasts but not on other days. Likewise on Sundays the Chorrock is used at all three sermons, but it is not worn during the week. (p. 570)
Anhalt 1645 (Zerbst, 1645) s [8/5/93] - official(?)
Ordnung, wie es in den Kirchen... des Fürstenthumbs Anhalt im Zerbster Antheil mit christlichen Handlungen gehalten werden solle. Cited in Graff 1:44. F. H1^b has the catchword `CLAU=." Graff: has several peculiarities left over from the pre-1644 Reformed era, including no exorcism, no music for the Vater Unser and words of institution, etc.; otherwise similar to the neighboring Saxon orders.
[Within a compartment: historical figures at the sides, one on the right with the name `Dante" inscribed, 170 @ 122 mm. enclosing 142 @ 93 mm.] O\rdnung/ | Wie es in den Kirchen/ der Vnge= | enderten Augôpurgiôchen Confeôôion zuge- | than/ des Fürôtenthumbs Anhalt/ im Zerbôter | Antheil/ mit Chriôtlichen Handelungen | gehalten werden | ôolle. | [Emblem between two ornamented vertical rules, 67 @ 45 mm.] | Zu Zerbôt/ | [rule] | Durch Andream Betzeln/ Gedruckt | Jm Jahr/ 1645.
%Size: 153 @ 108 mm., with borders (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: A–G^4 H1 (incomplete?); $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 25 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1645 04 - b1 A2 n$wi : b2 H $E %Preface: none %Music: none
Form for public exhortation in the preparatory Vespers (f. C2^a–E2^b).
Form for administration of the Holy Supper (f. E3^a–F2^b): exhortation, Vater Unser (spoken?), Verba (spoken?), distribution, Thanksgiving, Benediction.
Annaberg 1579 s [1/15/96] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Johannes Rautenstrauch, {Luther und die Pflege der kirchlichen Musik in Sachsen (14.–19. Jahrhundert)} (Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1907; reprint Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1970), 165–76. Not in Richter or Sehling.
Notes from Rautenstrauch.
Matins: held every Sunday at 5:00. In the high feasts (Christmas, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity and the like) the Triumphalia are sung before ("für"—see below in mass) the psalm: "puer natus, surrexit Christus figurate de tempore"). Then the Deus in adiutorium, then the antiphon and psalms. Then the Responsory, then the Prophets and Gospels are read, then the Te Deum sung choraliter in Latin, between which the Organist plays ("darzwischen der Organist schleget"), then the Collect and Benedicamus in Latin, and at Christmas is sung Ps. 110, likewise Ps. 128, at Pentecost Ps. 33, and at Easter Ps. 114. Otherwise after the Psalm only the Gospel is read and the Benedictus sung, closing with the Benedicamus. (p. 165) During Matins Confession is heard in the principal church until Ampt is rung. In the Spital a sermon on the Gospel is held every Sunday at 5:00.
Morning sermon and communion: the third bell is rung at 6:45, and the entire school comes into the Chor. On high feasts "Triumphalia carmina" are sung figurally, then the Introit figural or Choral (according to the feast and the day), then the Kyrie three times "mit abwechálung der Orgel." Then the Minister who consecrates sings "in ornatu" the Gloria, then the Et in terra is played and sung. Between its verses "Dies est laetitiae" is figured at Christmas, and "Der tag der ist so freudenreich" is sung by the people, then the German hymn "Christum wir sollen loben schon," then the Collect (in Latin on high feasts, otherwise in German), then "uff die Medta" a boy sings at Christmas the prophecy from Isaiah 9 and the Deacon sings the Epistle according to the music contained in the agenda. Then the Sequence "Grates nunc omnes" and a German hymn "Gelobet seist du Jesus Christ" at Christmas, "Victimae paschali" and "Christ ist erstanden" at Easter, and "Veni sancte spiritus" and "Nun bitten wir" at Pentecost. German hymns are sung before the Epistle and the Gospel (see list at the end) by the entire church, and the cantor is to post the hymn numbers on a board so that the people can sing along from Luther's hymnal ("Hierzu ist dem Cantori ein Verzeugnüs bei der Hand vor der Schulordnung angehenget, nach allen Sontagen, was für lobgesang alle Sonntag deutzsch aufs Evangelii hehrgerichtet, gesungen sollten werden, mit der gantzen kirchen aus dem gesangbüchlein Lutheri, je eins für der Epistel und eins für dem Evangelio.") After the German hymn an exhortation to confession is read, with a form of prayer read, and then every Sunday the Gospel is sung. On Palm Sunday and Good Friday in place of the Gospel the Passion from Matthew and John is read in German by the Superintendent and two deacons. After the Gospel is read by the Deacon, the person consecrating sings the Credo, then the choir sings the Patrem, or occasionally the organist plays it. Whenever there is a sermon the German Glaube is sung before the sermon. Then the sermon on the Gospel. Before the text is read the people are exhorted to prayer for the Holy Spirit, and a brief song of praise is sung. Then the Gospel and all texts are read aloud, then the sermon, lasting about an hour. (p. 166) Then the entire church is exhorted to pray for the needs of all Christendom. On Sundays the banns are announced, and the prayer for all sorts and conditions is read, and the Vater Unser is spoken silently while kneeling. Then there is singing or organ playing and the communion is prepared. On high feasts the Latin Preface is sung, then the German Heilig ist Gott, and the Minister sings the Vater Unser with the Words of the Testament in German, for which the communicants kneel. At the conclusion of the remembrance ("Zum beschluá des gedechtnis") the Kirchner signals [the event] by ringing a little bell. During the communion the Sanctus and appropriate motets are sung figurally on festivals, otherwise there is singing in German on the Abendmahl: "Gott sei gelobet" or "Jesus Christ unser Heiland," the organist playing between, the Frühampt closing with the Collect and singing.
Midday sermon: rung at 11:00. First the two German hymns sung at the early Ampt are sung again, then the Glaube, then the sermon, before which people pray with the Prediger, and he reads the six chief parts without the explanation. Then he takes a single section, commandment, etc. and explains it using the explanation of Luther, so that the entire catechism is covered in one year. After the sermon he exhorts the people to remain for the children's instruction, and the part of the catechism to be covered is sung. Then he sings ("vorsinget") the six chief parts, and the children repeat after him. Then two boys from each school stand and inquire of the other Luther's explanation. Then the Diacon goes around and questions the girls and boys on the part of the catechism for the day. Then "Erhalt uns Herr" and pro pace are sung, then the collect and blessing from in front of the altar.
Vespers: held at 2:00 on Sundays and weekdays without exception, beginning with the Deus in adiutorium (except on festivals the Triumphalia precede it). After the choir responds the boys chant a part of a psalm, and on high feasts Ps. 110 is figured at Christmas (p. 167), the Benedictus at Purification, "In exitu" at Easter, Ps. 68 or Ps. 47 at Ascension, and Ps. 33 or the like at Pentecost. The organ plays between following the Responsory and hymn ("Die Orgel wird zwischen gedultet folget das responsorium und hymnus.") In the winter the foregoing ("der eines") may occasionally (albeit rarely) be omitted. After this a boy reads the Gospel (or during the week a reading from the Old Testament) clearly so it can be understood. After the lesson if a funeral had been held at the midday sermon the catechism and Kinderlehr is held in the summer, and during all festivals on Sundays private confession is held ("alle Sonntag, in den Festen sitzt man beicht."). Then the Magnificat, which may be figured on festivals, otherwise it is sung to the Latin tone, and at Kinderlehr it is sung in German. Between this the organ is played, although the organist is not allowed to play secular music ("welt und bulerliedlein, gaáenhauer oder dergleichen leichtfertige gereusch"). On the 10th Sunday after Trinity the Diacon reads before the Magnificat the story of the destruction of Jerusalem from Bugenhagen's passion history ("aus D. Pommers Passionalbüchlein"), then closing with a collect and Benedicamus. Then each Sunday the Da pacem in Latin and German are sung kneeling, or occasionally the boys sing "O Herr Gott gieb uns deinen Fried," the choir kneeling and answering the last verse of Ps. 44 in German, all of this done three times, then the Collect pro pace, to which an "Amen" is sung. The traditional use has been to sing all Vespers collects in Latin from the Missal of Spangenberg. On the first, second and third days of Christmas, on Circumcision and Epiphany and on Purification, with young and old around the altar, the Magnificat has been since the time of D[r]. Pseudner sung alternating verses, so that after the organ the choir figures a verse, after or before which it sings a little Christmas piece ("Weihnachtstücklein"), and all the children in the lower Chor stand along with the entire church and sing a verse in German in the 6th Magnificat tone, then immediately singing a Christmas cradle song in honor of the Newborn, this happening with each verse of the Magnificat: ("Am Weihnachtsfest zur Vesper, wird am ersten, andern, dritten Christtage, item Circumcisionis vnd Trium Regum, desgleichen purificationis, mit jung vnd alten vmb den Altar, die sich heuffig zusammensetzen, von den Superintendenten, seid D. Pseudners Zeiten, gesungen im Magnificat ein Vers vmb den andern, also das nach der Orgel der Chor ein Versum figurirt vnd darauff oder zuvor ein Weihnachtstücklein sienget, so stehen denn auch auf alle Kinder im untern Chor mit der gantzen Kirchen, vnd singen den einen Vers deutzsch in magnificat 6. Toni so bald auch darauff ein Weihnacht-Wiegenliedlein zu ehren dem Neugebornen Kindlein, vnd geschieht bei allen Versen des Magnificat.") After the Collect and Benedicamus the Superintendent closes with three Christmas Gesänge and a brief exhortation to the youth to observe the festival in the fear of God with joy, rather than with dancing around the altar, with had previously been done superstitiously. In the Spital daily Vespers is also held with catechism instruction for the poor people.
Weekday sermons: MONDAY is council day, so there is no sermon, although weddings and funerals announced the previous Sunday may be held. (p. 168) When the new council goes to church the sermon is on the office of governance, before and after which the organ plays and figural music is sung, and the Collect and Benediction are read in Latin. On TUESDAY there is a sermon at 4:00 in the Knabschafft Capell, before which is sung two German Gesänge and the Glaube, and after which there is a brief Gesang, the Collect for the opening of the mine ("die Collect vmb aufnehmen des Bergwercks") and the blessing. On WEDNESDAY there is a sermon by the Superintendent at 7:00 in summer and winter in the principal church, before which the Litany is sung (except during Holy Week, when the Passion is sung). After the Collect is the Glaube, and the sermon is from Genesis or whatever other text the Priester chooses. Then is sung pro pace, then the Collect and Blessing. The Latin and German schools are to be present for the sermon. At midday Kinderlehr is held during the summer, and after the psalm or a German Lied is sung the six chief parts are spoken to the children, and they repeat them back, then the Diacon goes around to each child, quizzing the child on the part of the day with the explanation. Then a prayer, and after the Collect or Blessing they return to school, and the other children go home. On THURSDAY there is a sermon at 7:00 in the Spital for the poor people and parishoners there by the pastor, closing with a collect after the Gesang. On FRIDAY there is a sermon on an Epistle at 7:00 in the cloister, before which German Lieder and the Glaube are sung, closing with singing, the collect and the blessing. On SATURDAY at 4:00 in the morning a sermon is held in the miners' chapel ("Bergleut Capelle"), with organ playing and singing before the sermon, and the Epistle and Gospel read from the altar; and after the Glaube is the sermon, then a Gesang and collect "pro incrementis metallorum vnd der Seiger." At 2:00 Vespers is held in the principal church. First the Deus in adiutorium and a psalm are sung. On festivals there is figural music. Then the Responsory and hymn, between which the organ plays. After the hymn the Gospel for the following day is read, followed by the singing of the Magnificat, then the Collect in Latin and the Benedicamus. At Christmas the "Iudaea et Jerusalem" is sung in place of the Benedicamus, and otherwise a motet is frequently sung in its place. (p. 169)
Concerning ceremonies at communion: this section is not reprinted in Rautenstrauch. Only the beginnings of the sections on funerals and weddings are reprinted.
Order of Gesänge for principal feasts, and list of German hymns for the entire year:
Christmas: At FIRST VESPERS a psalm is sung in place of the responsory "in principio oder praeter rerum seriem" the hymn "Beatus author etc. Magnificat etc." At the end "Judaea et Jerusalem." At MATINS is sung "Puer natus in Bethlehem," a psalm, responsory, prophecy, Gospel, Te Deum, collect, Benedicamus. At MASS "Puer natus est in Bethlehem," Introit, "Puer natus," Kyrie Magne Deus. Between the Et in terra is sung a verse from "Dies est laetitiae" with the Chor singing figural and the same sung thereafter by the people, "Christum wir sollen loben schon," the collect. Then the prophecy from Isaiah and the Epistle. Then "Grates nunc omnes," three times, between which "Gelobet seistu Jesu Christ" is sung. If time permits "Gelobet seistu Jesu Christ" is sung again as the second German hymn with the people. After the Gospel the Patrem in Latin and German. If the Superintendent does not begin a German hymn with the people after the sermon a motet is sung. After the Preface the Sanctus is sung and motets d.f. (p. 170) At VESPERS "Puer natus," psalm, responsory, hymn, prophecy, Gospel, Magnificat (before each verse of which a German Christmas Lied is sung), and a motet d.f. in place of the Benedicamus.
Easter: At VESPERS nothing special is sung except the hymn "Vita sanctorum" and a motet in place of the Benedicamus. At MATINS "Surrexit Christus hodie" is sung, then psalm, responsory, Te Deum, Benedicamus. At MASS "Surrexit Christus hodie," "Salve festa dies," "Also heilig ist der Tag," Introit, Kyrie Paschale with the Et in terra, "Christ lag in Todes banden." After the Epistle the Prosa "Agnus redemit oves." Then "Christ ist erstanden" and the Patrem. After the sermon the usual order is held, as on Christmas. At VESPERS first the Kyrie Paschale, then the psalm "In exitu Israel," then the responsory or a motet in its place, then the hymn and Magnificat, and a motet in place of the Benedicamus.
Pentecost: At VESPERS first a psalm, then responsory, hymn, Magnificat, and a motet in place of the Benedicamus. At MASS "Spiritus sancti gratia," Introit, Spiritus Domini, Kyrie fons bonitatis, Et in terra, "Kom heiliger Geist," Collect, Epistle, Prosa "Veni sancte spiritus," "Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist." After the Gospel the Patrem, then the Glaube. After the Preface the Sanctus or motets d.f. are sung. VESPERS is held as on Saturday, except that "Spiritus sancti gratia" is sung at the beginning.
Trinity: as on ordinary festivals with the usual responsory, hymn, Introit and prosa. On Saturday and Sunday at Vespers a psalm is first sung, then the responsory, hymn, Magnificat, Benedicamus. On Sunday the Da pacem is sung after the Benedicamus. At Matins on Sunday a psalm is first sung, and after the Gospel the Benedictus, closing with the Benedicamus.
German hymns (before the Epistle and the Gospel):
Christmas: (1) Christum wir sollen loben schon; (2) Gelobet seistu Jesu Christ. Epiphany: (1) Herr Christ der einig Gottes Sohn; (2) Was fürchstu feind Hades [i.e., Herodes] sehr. (p. 171)
1. Dom. Epiph.: Die Weihnachtsgesäng. Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam.
2. post Epiph.: (1) Herr Christ der einig Gottes Sohn; (2) Wohl dem, der in Gottes Furcht steht.
3. post Epiph.: (1) Ich ruf zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; (2) Es wol uns Gott genedig sein.
4. post Epiph.: (1) Wer Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit; (2) Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns helt.
5. post Epiph.: (1) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl; (2) Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein.
Septuagesima: (1) Vater unser im Himmelreich; (2) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl.
Sexagesima: (1) Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein; (2) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl.
Estomihi: (1) Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein; (2) Durch Adams fall ist gantz verderbt.
Invocavit: (1) Nun freut euch liebe[n] Christen gemein; (2) Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott.
Reminiscere: (1) Vater unser im Himmelreich; (2) Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir.
Oculi: (1) Christ der du bist tag und liecht; (2) Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott.
Laetare: (1) Vater unser im Himmelreich; (2) Es wolt uns Gott genedig sein.
Annunciationis Mariae: (1) Herr Gott, dich loben wir; (2) Herr Christ, der einig Gottes Sohn. (p. 172)
Judica: (1) Christe der du bist tag vnd liecht; (2) Christus der uns selig macht.
Palmarum: (1) Wer Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit; (2) Christus der uns selig macht.
Viridium die: (1) Jesus Christus unser Heiland; (2) Gott sei gelobet vnd gebenedeiet.
Ostertag: (1) Christ lag in todesbanden; (2) Christ ist erstanden.
Quasimodogeniti und Misericordias Domini singet man die Ostergesänge wie am Ostertage.
Jubilate: (1) Fröhlich wollen wir Alleluja singen; (2) Christ lag in todes banden.
Vocem iucunditatis: (1) Christ lag in todes banden; (2) Vater unser im Himmelreich.
Festo ascensionis: (1) Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein; (2) Christ fuhr gen Himmel.
Exaudi: (1) Christ fuhr gen Himmmel; (2) Gott der Vater wohn uns bei.
Festo Pentecostes: (1) Kom Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott; (2) Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist.
Trinitatis: (1) Kom heiliger Geist, Herr Gott; (2) Gott der Vater wohn uns bei. 1. Trinit.: (1) Dies sind die heiligen zehn Gebot; (2) Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn.
2. Trinit.: (1) Es wolte uns Gott gnedig sein; (2) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl. (p. 173)
3. Trinit.: (1) Durch Adams fall ist gantz verderbt; (2) Es ist das Heil uns kommen her.
Joh. Bapt.: (1) Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam; (2) Gelobet sei d' Herr der Gott Israel.
4. Trin.: (1) Es wolt uns Gott genedig sein; (2) Vater unser im Himmelreich.
5. Trin.: (1) Dies sind die heiligen zehn Gebot; (2) Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ.
6. Trin.: (1) Dies sind die heiligen zehn Gebot; (2) Es ist das Heil uns kommen her.
7. Trin.: (1) Vater unser im Himmelreich; (2) Es wolt uns Gott genedig sein.
Visit. Mariae: (1) Herr Gott dich loben wir; (2) Meine Seel erhebt den Herrn.
Mariae Magd.: (1) Erbarm dich mein o Herre Gott; (2) Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ.
8. Trin.: (1) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl; (2) Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein.
In festo Annae: (1) Herr Gott dich loben wir; (2) Es wolt uns Gott genedig sein.
9. Trin.: (1) Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; (2) Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ.
10. Trin.: (1) Wer Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit; (2) An Wasserflüssen Babylons.
11. Trin.: (1) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl; (2) Ich ruf zu dir Herr Jesu Christ. (p. 174)
12. Trin.: (1) Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; (2) Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn.
13. Trin.: (1) Durch Adams fall ist ganz verderbt; (2) Es ist das Heil uns kommen her.
14. Trin.: (1) Erbarm dich mein o Herre Gott; (2) Ich ruf zu dir Herr Jesu Christ.
15. Trin.: (1) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl; (2) Vater unser im Himmelreich.
16. Trin.: (1) Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir; (2) Mitten wir im Leben sind.
17. Trin.: (1) Dies sind die heiligen zehn Gebot; (2) Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn.
18. Trin.: (1) Mensch wiltu leben seeliglich; (2) Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ.
19. Trin.: (1) Erbarm dich mein o Herre Gott; (2) Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ.
Festo Michaelis: (1) Herr Gott dich loben wir; (2) Nun lob mein Seel den Herrn.
20. Trin.: (1) Vater unser im Himmelreich; (2) Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein.
21. Trin.: (1) Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; (2) Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl. 22. Trin.: (1) Dies sind die heiligen zehn Gebot; (2) Vater unser im Himmelreich.
23. Trin.: (1) Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns helt; (2) Ein feste Burg. (p. 175)
24. Trin.: (1) Aus tiefer Not schrei ich; (2) Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ.
25. Trin.: (1) Erbarm dich mein, o Herre Gott; (2) Aus tiefer Not.
26. Trin.: (1) Es wird schier der letzte Tag herkommen; (2) Kombt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn.
1. Advent: (1) Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein; (2) Nun komm der Heiden Heiland.
2. Advent: (1) Es wird schier der letzte Tag herkommen; (2) Gott hat das Evangelium.
3. Advent: (1) Komt [!] her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn; (2) Nun komm der Heiden Heiland.
4. Advent: (1) Von Adam her so lange Zeit; (2) Nun komm der Heiden Heiland.
Aschersleben 1575 s [11/14/95] - official
Kirchen-Agenda, derer sich der rath mit dem ministerio verclichen, anno 1575. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:477–83.
Notes from Sehling.
Saturday Vespers: rung at 2:00, the boys having already gathered in the school; when the bell has rung they process into the church two by two. They sing "Veni sancte spiritus" kneeling, then is sung an antiphon and psalm d.t. Then the boys read a Latin and German lesson (from Sirach and Proverbs, lect. cont.), then the Responsory d.t. is sung "doch das post trinitatis eine variatio sei," and the organist plays between it; then the Hymnus d.t., although after Trinity there is also a variation to this; then the Magnificat in alternation with the organist, retaining the tone of the antiphon; Wöchner reads a Collect d.t.; Benedicamus.
Sunday Matins: begins at 6:00 winter and summer with the "Veni, sancte spiritus" as in Vespers, then the antiphon and psalm; then Epistle; then the Gospel in German and Latin read by boys from the third and fourth classes; then Responsory d.t.; then the second antiphon, then Benedictus, Te Deum or Athanasian Creed, alternating Sundays; Wöchner reads a collect; Benedicamus. After Matins the boys go into the school until the sermon is rung.
Hospital sermon: so that the people are not kept from the parish church, the sermon is to begin quite early, as soon as the boys in the parish church begin Matins. After the Gloria (p. 477) or another psalm d.t. the Epistle is read, then the "Wir glauben" is sung, then the Gospel is read from the pulpit and briefly explained. If there is no communion a psalm or "Erhalt uns, Herr" is sung, closing with a collect. Those who can should commune in the parish church, but those who are too weak may commune here.
Mass: after the bell is rung the Custer sings a German psalm d.t., then he rings the small bell so that the scholars in the school know to come in with the Praeceptores into the church, then the Introit d.t. is sung (after Trinity "ein abwechselung" can be done), then Kyrie d.t., Collect d.t., Epistle, Gospel, organ plays and cantor sings "Wir gleuben," one Sunday in German and the next in Latin (to which the Patrem also belongs), the third Sunday figured, and the fourth the Litany is sung, then the sermon and a brief Offene Beicht, then the communion (the exhortation is read before the Vater Unser and Verba are sung), then the usual collect and Blessing, then the cantor may sing something "de tempore pro gratiarum actione et pro necessitate."
Midday sermon: rung at 12:30 (except during harvest, when it is rung at 12:00). The Custos sings three German psalms before the sermon, the last being one of the chief parts of the catechism if the catechism is the sermon text, but it shall be the Vater Unser if the sermon text is the Epistle or Haustafel. Then the sermon, then the German Te Deum, then the boys recite before the altar a part of the catechism with Luther's explanation. Then Vespers: antiphon with psalm, then the boys read as on Saturday, then the German Magnificat is sung, then a collect pro tempore, ending with the Benedicamus.
Chief feasts Christmas, Easter and Pentecost: rung the prior evening at 1:00, Vespers begins with an antiphon, then the cantor sings a psalm figurally, then the boys read in Latin and German de festo, then the Hymnus d.f. is sung, then a brief sermon, with the Vater Unser preceding it from the pulpit, then the cantor sings a German Lied d.f., then the Magnificat with antiphon, then the Collect d.f., then Benedicamus. (p. 478)
Matins (on chief feasts): held at 5:00 winter and summer. First the Venite or Invitatorium is sung, then a psalm with antiphon, a boy reads the Epistle in Latin, then another psalm with antiphon, then a boy reads the Gospel in Latin, then another psalm with antiphon, then the Epistle and Gospel are read in German. This form is used only on the first day of the festival. Then the Responsory figural, then the Te Deum figural, then the Collect d.f., then the Benedicamus.
Mass (on chief feasts): as on Sunday except that the Gesänge and lessons are de festo, there the music is figural, and the Latin Preface is sung on the first day.
Afternoons (of chief feasts): rung at 12:15, begun with the Custos singing three psalms de festo, then the sermon, then Vespers de festo is figured, "auch soll man alhier guete actung haben, das ein delectus puerorum, die da lesen sollen, gehalten werde, und das man de festo lese etc." Besides the three chief feasts the following are also observed in this congregation: Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis. These festivals are observed as Sundays, except that the singing and sermons relate to the feast and [the liturgy] is figured. If Annunciation falls during Holy Week it is held on the morning of Palm Sunday, since the Palm Sunday gospel is also read during Advent. On the afternoons of Purification, John the Baptist and Visitation the canticles Nunc dimittis, Benedictus and Magnificat are sung (the appropriate one for each day). There is no afternoon sermon on Ascension, Michaelis and the Sunday before Margaretae on account of the annual market. On the Sunday following these festivals the Cantor sings the Sequence.
Apostles' days: observed in the morning only at 6:30 in summer and 7:30 in winter. If an apostle's day falls on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday the Diacon for that week holds the apostle's day sermon while the other deacon holds the usual sermon for the day. If it falls on Thursday or Friday the Pfarher holds the sermon and the Thursday sermon is omitted if the festival falls on Friday. If it falls on Saturday it is observed on Sunday afternoon. If St. James fall on a Friday or Saturday during the harvest it is observed on the following Sunday afternoon. The Gospels for Mary Magdalene and the Conversion of Paul are read on the next or prior Sunday afternoon at Vespers. (p. 479)
Vespers on the eve of an apostle's day: held as on Saturday, except that the Gesänge and collects are de festo.
Mass on an apostle's day: after it is rung the cantor sings the Introit, then the Kyrie for the apostle, then the German "Allein Gott," then the collect d.f., then the Epistle, German psalm pertaining to the festival is sung, Gospel, "Wir gleuben," sermon d.f., then if there are no communicants the Cantor closes the service with a motet d.f.
Vespers on an apostle's day: sung without organ as otherwise on weekdays, since no sermon is held.
Sermons during the week: held Tuesdays and Thursdays, beginning with an antiphon sung with the psalm, and the Cantor repeats the antiphon and then sings a German psalm de tempore, then the organist plays "Wir gleuben" and the cantor sings it, then the sermon, then the Cüster sings a brief German psalm. The Thursday sermon is omitted following the three chief priests and a "lection" held as usual.
Tuesday and Thursday Vespers: the Cantor sings a Hymnus or the Magnificat, a chapter from the New Testament is read with the summary of Dietrich, "Erhalt uns her" is sung, collect pro pace is read and the blessing is spoken.
Betetag on Friday morning: the responsory d.t. or the Tenebrae factae sung is sung, then a German psalm d.t. or the Vexilla regis in German, then the collect d.t. or de passion domini if the Tenebrae is sung, then the cantor sings "O lamb gottes unschuldig," then the Pfarherr reads the three symbols (one week) and the seventeen articles of Luther (the next week), with a brief exhortation to prayer, then the Cantor sings with the choir "Nim von uns her gott," then the boys begin the Litany, closing with the collect and blessing.
Monday, Wednesday and Saturday morning: when the bell has rung the cantor sings an antiphon and psalm, then a chapter from the Old Testament with the summary of Dietrich is read by the deacon for the week, then the exhortation to prayer of Petrus Plateanus is read (so praying for the sick), and a collect "pro pace, temproe et pro necessitate" is read.
Monday, Wednesday and Friday Vespers: if not a holy day, the catechism is held with the girls from the girls' school. First the Kuster sings a German psalm pertaining to the part of the catechism for the day; occasionally a psalm d.t. is sung. (p. 480) Then the deacon for the week goes to the altar and recites the five chief parts, without explanation. Then a girl chosen by the schoolmistress recites the "definitionem dei" in German, then another girl stands and asks another girl to recite a part of the catechism with Luther's explanation, then another chosen by the schoolmistress does the same thing with a section from the Haustafel. Then the deacon examines and instructs the children in the catechism. Then "Erhalt uns herr" is sung, then collect pro pace and the blessing. (p. 481)
Augsburg 1537 (Augsburg, 1537) s [7/8/93] - official
Bucer, Martin. Forma, wie von dem hailigen Tauff, vnd dem hailigen Sacrament des leibs vnd bluts Christi, vnd demnach vom etlichen Stand bey dem Einsegen der Eeleut, zureden sey, gestellt in die Kirch vnd Gemaind Christi der Statt Augspurg. Another copy is BerlinPS: 4º Dr 7222, about which the Berlin catalog says `7 Bogen, aber das letzte Blatt fehlt, auf welchem nach Feuerlein p. 292 steht: Augspurg, Melchior Kriegstein, also c. 1540." Contains only orders for baptism, communion and marriage. The communion order does not refer to the usual Sunday service. According to Sehling 12:26, the remainder of the order is handwritten, and that copy refers to the printed version at the appropriate points.
F\o#rma/ wie von dem hai= | ligen Tauff/ vnd dem hailigen | Sacrament des leibs vnd bl#ºts Ch#riôti/ vnd demnach | vom Elichen Stand bey dem Einôegen der Eele#üt/ | zureden ôey/ Geôtellt in die Kirch vnd | Gemaind Ch#riôti der Statt | Augôpurg. | {M. D. XXXVII.} %Size: 158 @ 108 mm. (a3^a) %Collation: 4º: a–c^4 d^6; $1–3 signed (–a1 +d4–5) %Pagination: 22 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1537 04 - b1 a2 iôt/d : b2 d5 uôts$/ %Preface: none %Music: none
Communion order begins with the exhortation, then the confession and absolution, the collect (preceded by the salutation (response not given) and followed by the Vater Unser) and the Words of Institution. The communion is concluded with the Thanksgiving, blessing and dismissal ("Geet hin, Der gaist deá Herrn glaite Eüch zum ewigen leben, Amen.")
There is no hint that anything is chanted, and the word "sprechen" is used throughout.
The above notes were taken from the printed copy of portions of the order. According to Sehling 12:26, the remainder of the order is handwritten, and that copy refers to the printed version at the appropriate points. See separate entry.
Augsburg 1537 s [5/31/95, 10/13/95] - official
Bucer, Martin. [Untitled]. Sehling 12:26 notes that this order omits the parts of the service printed in the same year (see notes for the printed order). REPRINT: Sehling 12:50–64.
Sehling 12:26 notes that this order omits the parts of the service printed in the same year (see notes for the printed order). Notes from Sehling.
Sermons on Sundays and holy days: once the congregation has gathered the Vorsinger begins to sing psalms until the bells have finished ringing. The last Gesang before the sermon is always "Kum, haliger Gaist" or "Nun bitten wir." The lesson previously read at the Kreuz- and Barfüáerkirchen "sol hinfurt absein, damit gleichhait allenthalben gehalten werde." The Prediger goes to the pulpit and after the usual intercessions for grace reads a text from the gospel: on Sundays no book shall be read to the people other than the four gospels. Then the Prediger explains the text, exhorting the people to true faith and a better life. (p. 56) The sermon shall contain both Law and Gospel. Then a public confession and exhortation to prayer, then the people are dismissed with the Blessing ("Demnach, als gesungen, solle das volk mit dem segen hingelassen werden"—I'm not sure what "als gesungen" refers to.) If there is a baptism or communion, the sermon is shortened and the following prayer includes a prayer for the occasion. Then the Prediger goes to the altar and says a Vater Unser out loud, then the Words of Institution, then distributes the sacrament, during which the church sings psalms and spiritual songs. [Footnote: according to Forster's report (reprinted in Germann 62—can't find a citation to this source) the principal hymn sung was Thomas Münzer's "Wir danksagen dir, Herr Gott der eeren, daá du uns alle tust erneren" to the tune of "Pange lingua"; this hymn did not reflect the Lutheran understanding of communion.] Then the Thanksgiving is spoken, and the people are dismissed with the Blessing. If there is a baptism the Prediger, after the people pray silently, reads from the pulpit the gospel lesson on the children that the Lord wanted. During this the assistant baptizes the child at the baptismal place [footnote: fonts were not yet standard equipment in churches except in Pfarrkirchen], then the Prediger says the Thanksgiving and dismisses the people with the Blessing. (p. 57)
Exhortation to the people (not read). Midday sermon on Sundays: held for the servants at 11:00 at four churches (named); on the gospel.
Sunday and holy day Vesper sermon: at two churches, on a psalm or epistle, with a psalm sung before and after the sermon, and including intercessory prayers. (p. 58)
Early prayer on weekdays: at three churches, with lesson from a gospel, about a third to a half chapter lect. cont., with a brief explication, not more than fifteen minutes; then exhortation to prayer, then give the people a "good while" to pray, then a collect based on the lesson, then the Blessing.
Weekday sermons: held Monday and Friday at two different churches, on any book of the Bible. To last three-quarters of an hour, with a psalm sung before and after the sermon and the prayer for all needs said.
Vesper lesson and prayer during the week: on Monday, Wednesday and Friday the Prediger, Helfer, scholars and whoever else understands Latin enters the church at 2:45. At 3:00 the Vespers begins: "erstlich umb gnad bitten," then a boy reads a Latin lesson, then the one holding the lesson explains it, also in Latin, pointing out the Hebrew or Greek constructions where necessary. When a quarter hour has passed the bell is rung so that those who do not understand Latin may gather. After a half hour total the explicator switches to German, summarizing in fifteen minutes what he has just said in Latin. Then the prayer, Gesang and Blessing. The same service is held on Tuesday and Thursday, but different books of the Bible are treated. On Saturdays Abentgepet is held in all parishes at a convenient time. A psalm is read ("furnemen"), with the briefest exhortation to faith and prayer, then the scholars sing the German Litany, then the people pray in silence, closing with a collect and the blessing. (p. 59)
Catechism instruction is held at 3:00 on the Monday, Wednesday and Friday before the Sunday on which communion is held; that is, four times per year. [Footnote: The catechism apparently used is "Ain anfengklicher Bericht der Christlichen Religion von den Dienern des Evangelions zu Augsburg für die Jugent aufs kürzest verfasset und beschrieben," by Bonifaz Wolfart (1533), although the lessons do not correspond; perhaps there was another Augsburg catechism as yet undiscovered?] (p. 60)
A footnote on p. 56 indicates that the pastor at Holy Cross church since 1531 was Wolfgang Musculus. The above order shows why Musculus was so shocked at the liturgy during his visit to Wittenberg!
Augsburg [1545] ([N.p., n.d.]) s [7/8/93] - official
Forma, wie von dem hailigen Tauff, vnd dem hailigen Sacrament des leibs vnd bluts Christi, vnd demnach vom etlichen Stand bey dem Einsegen der Eeleut, zureden sey, gestellt in die Kirch vnd Gemaind Christi der Statt Augspurg. The comma after `FORMA" on the title page is ornamented into a three-pointed star, and the two colons are actually double plus signs. Date from Sehling 12:27. The Wolfenbüttel systematic catalog and the Urbana catalog both give 1545 as the date for the copy 179 Theol., but this is clearly incorrect: there is no date in the book. Gives orders for baptism, communion, marriage and morning and afternoon service.
{FORMA,} | W\ie vom hailigen Tauff | vnnd dem H\. Sacrament | deôs leibs vnnd bl#ºts Ch#riôti: Vnnd dem | nach/ vom Eelichen Stand/ bey dem | Einôegnen der Eele#üt: zu reden ôey. | Geôtellt in die Kirch vnd Gemaind Ch#riôti/ | der Statt Augôpurg. | [type flower, point at the left and turned down, 16 @ 24 mm.]
%Size: 154 @ 108 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–G^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 28 leaves: ff. {I} II–XXVII {XXVIII}
%Fingerprint: 0000 04 - b1 A2 es$be : b2 G3 /$noch %Preface: none %Music: none
The order for communion is similar to, but not the same as, that for 1537: the exhortation and confession are changed and the absolution is no longer mentioned (as it was in 1537, although the text was not given) but is replaced with a "Trost" that is not, strictly speaking, an absolution. Then comes the salutation (without response?), collect and Vater Unser. Then the Words of Institution. (The comments on the communion mention the "body and blood of Christ.") Then the Thanksgiving, blessing and dismissal. (f. XIII^a–XVII^a)
Sunday morning "Vor der Predig" - the Diacon reads a chapter from the Old or New Testament. Then follows the confession and Trostspruch, then the prayers, then the Vater Unser and "Der Herr sey mit eüch allen: AMEN." (f. XXII^b–XXV^b) There is no mention of music in this order.
Sunday "Mittags Predig" - gives only the reading of the Ten Commandments and the Apostles' Creed. (f. XXVI^a–XXVII^b)
Augsburg [ca. 1550] ([N.p., n.d.]) s - official
Forma, wie von dem hailigen Tauff, vnd dem hailigen Sacrament des leibs vnd bluts Christi, vnd demnach vom etlichen Stand bey dem Einsegen der Eeleut, zureden sey, gestellt in die Kirch vnd Gemaind Christi der Statt Augspurg. Widerumb von newem getruckt. The comma following `FORMA" on the title page is stylized into a three-pointed star. Berlin catalog: `stimmt dem Inhalt nach vollst. mit der Ausgabe von Kriegstein, aber andere Schreibart: h{e}iliger Tau{ff}." Wolfenbüttel catalog date: [ca. 1550]. Note: the Berlin copy may well be another printing.
{FORMA,} | W\ie vom hailig\en Tauf | vnd dem H\. Sacrament | deôs Leibs vnd Bl#ºts Ch#riôti/ Vnd dem | nach/ vom Eelichen Stannd/ bey dem | Einôegen der Eeleut/ zu reden ôey. | Geôtellt in die Kirch vnd Gemaind Ch#riôti/ | der Statt Augôpurg. | [type flower, pointing upward and to the right, 17 @ 25 mm.]
%Size: 155 @ 108 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–G^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 28 leaves: ff. {I} II–XXVII {XXVIII}
%Fingerprint: 0000 04 - b1 A2 $be : b2 G3 lles$ %Preface: none %Music: none
The liturgical contents are identical to Wolfenbüttel: 179 Theol. [ca. 1545].
Augsburg 1555 (Augsburg, 1555) s [7/8/93] - official
Forma, wie von dem hailigen Tauff, vnd dem hailigen Sacrament des leibs vnd bluts Christi, vnd demnach vom etlichen Stand bey dem Einsegen der Eeleut, zureden sey, gestellt in die Kirch vnd Gemaind Christi der Statt Augspurg. Widerumb von newem getruckt. Getr. zu Augspurg, durch Philipp Vthart... Cited in Graff 1:54. The comma following `FORMA" on the title page is stylized into a three- pointed star. Berlin catalog: `Voran eine Ansprache an die Christen in Augsp., unterzeichnet von Joh. Meekhart, Joh. Hainr. Held, Leonhart Bechel, Georg Eckart u. 7 Andern." Graff does not cite all the editions of this KO. In general, the Augsburg orders were influenced by Straáburg and therefore quite sparse: they contain little liturgy and singing, beginning with reading of scripture, then confession, Trostspruch, intercessions and Vater Unser, hymn, sermon and the usual parts of the service.
{FORMA,} | Wie vom hailigen Tauf/ | vnnd dem hailigen Sacrament des Leibs | vnnd Bl#ºts Ch#riôti/ Deágleichen wie auch von | dem troôt der Krancken/ Vnd demnach | vom Ehlichen Stand bey dem Ein= | ôegen der Ehle#üt/ zureden ôey/ | widerumb von newem | getruckt. | Geôtellt in die Kirch vnd Gemain | Ch#riôti der Statt Augôpurg. | 1555. | Getruckt z#º Augôpurg/ durch Philipp | Vlhart/ inn der Kirchgaôôen/ | bey Sant Vlrich. | {Cum Gratia & Priuilegio.}
%Size: 166 @ 106 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–J^4 K^2 L^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 42 leaves: ff. [{3}] I–XXXVIII [{1}]
%Fingerprint: 1555 04 - b1 A2 and$v : b2 L3 ment$ %Preface: `Augspurg Anno domini Tausent, fünffhundert, fünffvndfünfftzig, den 27. tag des Monats Septembris. Ewr V.F.E.W. Willige getrewe Johann Meckhart | Johann Hainrich Held | Leonhart Bechel | M. Georg Eckhart | M. Jacob Rülichen | M. Wilhelmus Hauáman | Johann Ehinger | M. Johann Mätsperger | Wolffgangus Engelschalck | M. Georg Meckhart | Johann Faigle." %Music: none
The order for communion is the same as that of [ca. 1550], although the text differs in some places (for example, now the "trost der Absolution" is spoken of rather than simply the "trost," although there still is no real absolution).
The Mittags Predigt adds the words of baptism, the words of absolution and the Words of Institution after the Glaube, followed by the Vater Unser.
Augsburg 1718 ([Augsburg, 1718]) s [8/4/93] - semiofficial
Agenda Ecclesiastica. Oder: Forma der Handlung der H. Sacramenten, Ehe-Einsegnung, u. öffentlichen Gebet, Deren der Augspurgischen Confession zugethanen Kirchen, in... Augspurg. Revidiert und erneuert im J. Chr. 1718. Cited in Graff 1:54. Graff: changes were made from 1555/1619 in the marriage service. Concerning the addition of entrace hymn and creedal hymn to the service, see Seiler, Lit. Mag. 2:2 (1786): 126ff.
{AGENDA} | {ECCLESIASTICA.} | Oder: | {Forma} der Handlung der | H\. S\acramenten/ E\he=E\inôeg= | nung und öffentlich\\en Gebet/ | Deren der | A\ugôpurgiôch\\en Confeôôion | zugethanen Kirchen/ in der freyen Reichs=Stadt | A\ugôpurg. | {Revidie}rt und erneuert im Jahr Chriôti | 1718. | [rule] | Daôelbôt gedruckt bey Johann Jacob Lotter.
%Size: 156 @ 113 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^2, A–L^4 M^2; $1–3 signed (–)(1) %Pagination: 48 leaves: pp. [{4}] 1–92 %Fingerprint: 1718 04 - a1#=a2 )(2 t=$S - b1 A en : b2 M2 $hat$ %Preface: none %Music: none
Has only the texts for the services; no exact order is given.
Confession and absolution in the Vorbereitungs-Predigten (p. 14–17), ending with a silent Our Father.
Abendmahl (p. 17–28) - exhortation, confession and absolution (verkündigen, but from the command of Christ), Der Herr sey mit euch, collect, Our Father, Verba (all spoken), invitation to communion, Thanksgiving, Blessing, dismissal.
Prayers for use in the various services appear later in the book.
Baden 1556 (Tübingen, 1556) s [8/4/93] - official
Kirchenordnung. Wie die inn der Marggraueschafft Baden, Pfortzheimer theils, auch andern Marggraff Carlins zu Baden vn[d] Hochberg, Marggraueschafft... soll angericht vn[d] gehalten werden. Cited in Graff 1:60. Graff: reprinted from Württemberg 1553 (ed. of 1555).
[Acorn pointing up and to the right] Kircheno#rdnung. | Wie die inn der Marggraueôchafft Baden/ | Pfo#rtzheimer theils/ auch andern Marggraff | CARLJNS z#º Baden vn~ Hochberg/ Marggraueôchafft/ | Landtôchafften vn~ Herrôchafften ôoll ange= | richt vn~ gehalten werden. | [emblem with coat of arms, 106 @ 97 mm.] | Getruckt z#º T#übingen. | {M. D. LVI.} || [Colophon:] Getruckt z#º T#übinge~ | bei Vlrich Mo#rharts ôeligen Wit= | fraw/ Anno 1556. | :.
%Size: 150 @ 92 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A^6 B–R^4 S^2; $1–4 signed (–A1 S2) %Pagination: 72 leaves: pp. [{12}] I–CXXX [{2}]
%Fingerprint: 1556 04 - b1 A2 derli : b2 S rg %Preface: `WJr Karl von Gottes genaden, Marggraue zu Baden vn[d] Hochberg, Landtgraue zu Susemberg, Herr zu Rötteln, vnd Badenweiler, &c." ... `Geben inn vnser Statt Pfortzheim, den ersten Junij, Anno &c. im sechs vnd fünffzigisten." %Music: none
Reprints the Württemberg order of 1553.
Baden 1775 (Karlsruhe, 1775) s [8/4/93] - official
Kirchen-Agenda wie es in... Carl Friedrichs, Marggrafen zu Baaden und Hodaberg... Landen... gehalten werden solle. Cited in Graff 2:20. Graff: enlarged from 1686, for example in the prayers and marriage.
Kirchen=Agenda | wie es in | des Durchlauchtigôten Fürôten | und Herrn/ | HERRN | C\arl F\riedrichs/ | Marggrafen zu Baaden und Hoch= | berg/ Landgrafen zu Sauôenberg/ Grafen | zu Sponheim und Eberôtein/ Herrn zu Röteln/ | Badenweiler/ Lahr/ Mahlberg und Kehl #&c. #&c. | geôamten Fürôtenthumen und Landen | mit | Verkündigung des göttlichen Worts/ Admi= | niôtrirung und Austheilung der heiligen Sacra= | menten und andern Kirchen=Ceremonien | gehalten werden ôolle. | [ornamented rule] | CARLS=RUHE | in der Schmiederiôchen Buchhandlung. | 1775.
%Size: 161 @ 118 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: ):(^4, A–2T^4 2U^4(–2U4); $1–3 signed (–):(1) %Pagination: 175 leaves: pp. [{8}] {1} 2–166 151 168–182 181 184–273 276–280 291–292 283–289 390 291–339 [#=337] [{5}]
%Fingerprint: 1775 04 - a1 ):(2 $Orte : a2 ):(3 Herk - b1 A il : b2 2U3 $Jahr %Preface: `WJr Carl Friedrich, von GOttes Gnaden, Marggraf zu Baaden und Hochberg, Landgraf zu Sausenberg, Graf zu Sponheim und Eberstein, Herr zu Röteln, Badenweiler, Lahr, Mahlberg und Kehl &c. &c." ... `Gegeben Carls-Ruhe den 20. Jenner 1775." %Music: none
Gives texts only, not complete service orders.
Form of confession and absolution for Sundays and festivals after the hymn beginning the service (f. A1^a–E2^b). Uses "verkündigen" but with a proper absolution; there is a proper Trostspruch for each Sunday of the year (which is why this section occupies so many pages).
Abendmahl (f. K1^a–L2^b): the Pfarrer prepares the altar during the hymn. He reads an exhortation and a confession and absolution. Then a collect, Vater Unser, Verba. After the communion the Thanksgiving and Blessing.
Collects are given later in the book for the year and various occasions, including for use "nach der Morgen-Predigt," which shows that there must have been one!
Belzig 1529 s [11/23/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:527–28.
Notes from Sehling.
Belzig is in Saxony. The agenda is the result of the visitation of 1528–29.
Sundays and holy days in the parish church a service is held in place of Matins. It is rung at 6:00 in winter and 5:00 in summer. Three psalms and two or three lessons from the Bible are sung by the boys, closing with an antiphon and collect, then a German spiritual Lied is sung. At 7:00 when a nobleman is present in the palace several German Leisen may be sung in the chapel by the palace. At 8:00 in the parish church is a sermon on the Gospel, with mass held if there are communicants, and the Litany sung before the sermon if there are not, followed by Gesenge after the sermon. In the afternoon is the sermon on the Epistle, or at times on "ein artikel oder drei" from the catechism, before which are several psalms and lessons, and after which is sung the Magnificat with the usual versicles and collects (except for the "suffragia sanctorum"), and with the church singing a spiritual Lied.
During the week the Pfarrer reads a lesson from the Epistle on Tuesday and the Diacon reads it on Friday (and presumably preaches a sermon on it), with singing before and after, as above. Catechism sermons are held four times a year every day for at least two weeks, to which all are required to send their children and servants, under threat of law. (p. 527)
Bergedorf 1544 s [3/11/95] - parish
Johann Apin [superintendent in Bergedorf]. [Kirchenordnung]. Cited in Graff 1:46. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 2:76–78; Sehling 5:386–90.
Notes from Sehling.
Communion shall be held whenever there are one, two, three or more people desiring the sacrament. The pastor should continually exhort the people to commune. (p. 386)
Mass: the Pastor, wearing the usual mass vestments, first kneels at the altar and says his prayer to God. Then he stands and begins to sing a German psalm, or the Latin Introit of the Trinity or Holy Spirit if he has help from others who can sing. Then the Kyrie, then the Pastor sings the Gloria in Latin or German. Then "Alleine Gott" is begun, then the Prester reads the Collect in German to the usual tone; after the Amen is answered he reads the Epistle in German facing the people. Then a German psalm is sung. If the pastor has help he may occasionally sing a good Sequence. Then the Gospel is read from the pulpit, following a preceding prayer for enlightenment. After the sermon one or two commandments, petitions, articles or points from the catechism are read along with a brief exposition. After this the entire catechism is recited to the people. Or instead the complete form of confession may be read to the people so that they may better understand it. Then the people are exhorted to common prayer for all sorts and conditions. All this is done from the pulpit. Then the people sing the Vader Unse or the Glaube. Then the Pastor at the altar turns to the people and reads the German exhortation on the sacrament, as is done in Hamburg. On festivals if there is time the Pastor may sing the Preface and Sanctus in Latin or German after the exhortation. On ordinary Sundays the Vader unse is sung after the exhortation, and after the Amen is answered the Words of the Lord on his Body and Blood (formerly called the Verba Consecrationis) are sung in German as they are in the catechism. When there are few communicants and they can all gather at the altar, the pastor communes the people with the bread before the Words are read for the cup, with nothing sung or played on the organ during the distribution. If there are too many communicants to fit at the altar, the words for the cup are sung immediately after the words for the Body, and then the people sing "Jesus Christus" or "Gott sei gelaveth"; and if there is time, the Agnus Dei may be sung in German as "O lam gottes unschuldigh." After the communion the pastor reads the German Thanksgiving collect "in oherem tono," as in the hymnal and catechism. Then the Pastor turns to the people and sings the Benediction "in ohrem tono." Then the Da pacem is sung in German with the people. If these pieces of music are either too long or too short the pastors may decide which may be omitted or included. (p. 387) The German collects that are sung may be taken from the Nürnberg KO and hymnal, since they are all notated there.
Since people have to work during the week and cannot come to church, the catechism is explained for half to three-quarters of an hour on holy day afternoons. Or the Epistle may be treated instead, or the psalm that will be sung may be explained, or singing may be taught if the people are not yet able to sing. (p. 388)
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis. These days are observed and no others. The collection ("tidepfenningh") is taken four times per year: on Christmas, Easter, John the Baptist and Michaelis, the so-called "Virdagen" ("Diese dage schollen vierlich gehalden werden unde nene mehr. So de tidepfenningh up der affgesetteden feste etzliche wente anhero wehre gegeven, de schall nhu nhamals up den vehr jar tiden, alse winachten, paschen, Johannis unde Michaelis gegeven werden.") Where there are organs they may be used on the Virdagen to play the psalms and the above-mentioned Kirchengesänge, provided that the people sing the psalm entirely through first, and that the organ play only what has been sung ("Wahr ock orgelen in den kercken weren, die magh men woll an den virdagen gebruken, de psalme unde den vorgemelthen kercksangh darup spelen, doch also, dat dat volk de ganzen psalme thovoren singe, und up den orgelen allene, wat gesungen is, spele" - a second ms. has "wat gesungen is, na spele"). (p. 389)
Bischofswerda [ca. 1620] s [4/2/95] - parish
[Untitled]. Manuscript. Sehling leaves this source undated, but notes that the cantor referred to it in 1676 as very old (Sehling 2:104). The form of the service, the use of the organ and especially the mention of the Betstunde, which in this order does not yet appear as a separate service, would place it around 1620. . Referred to by the cantor is 1676 as being very old (Sehling 2:104). REPRINT: Sehling 2:106.
Notes from Sehling.
On Sundays the service proceeds as follows: (1) for the Introit, in Advent "Nun komm der heiden heiland"; Christmas "Puer natus in Bethlehem"; Lent "Christus, der uns"; Easter "Surrexit Christus"; Pentecost "Spiritus s. gratia"; Trinity "Gott der vater wohn"; (2) "präambuliret der organist"; (3) "Kyrie, choraliter und figuraliter per vices"; (4) the Diaconus sings "Gloria in excelsis deo." If the Kyrie had been sung choraliter the Allein Gott is sung; if figuraliter the Et in terra is sung; (5) Epistle; (6) "präambuliret der organist"; (7) if there is figural music, a motet comes here; if not, a German Lied is sung; (8) the catechism with the gospel is read; (9) "prämbuliret der organist"; (10) a motet is always sung here; (11) the Glaube; (12) sermon; (13) if there is figural music a Concerta is sung; if not, a German hymn; (14) the communion begins; (15) during the mass ("Unter der messe") a motet is sung when there is figural music or otherwise in unusual circumstances; if not, the German hymn is sung; (16) "präambuliret der organist"; (17) Blessing from the altar; (18) "Gott sei uns gnädig und barmherzig."
Midday: (1) Deus in adjutorium meum; (2) a Latin psalm choraliter; (3) "präambuliret der organist"; (4) "Es wolle gott uns gnädig sein"; (5) the boy reads the Gospel, or the catechism is prayed; (6) "präambuliret der organist"; (7) on high feasts a Concerta, on ordinary figural music days a motet, otherwise a German hymn; (8) the sermon; (9) "präambuliret der organist"; (10) the Betstunde; on high feasts it is replaced by a full-voiced Concerta.
Brandenburg 1540 (Berlin, 1540) s [7/9/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung im Churfürstenthum der Marcken zu Brandemburg, wie man sich beide mit der Leer und Ceremonien halten soll. Cited in Graff 1:27. The last leaf is an errata leaf containing corrections for all three parts. Each part begins a new series of signatures. Because the series of signatures and the errata leaf indicate that the three parts belong together, I have given a single collation for the entire book; but because the parts could conceivably have been issued (or reissued) separately as well, I have given a fingerprint for each part. Graff: based on the Visitation Instructions of 1528 and the Brandenburg- Nürnberg KO of 1533.
[Part 1:] K\irchen O\rdnung | im Churfurôtenthum der Marcken | zu Brandemburg/ wie man ôich | beide mit der Leer vnd Cere= | monien halten ôol. | [coat of arms, 78 @ 74 mm.] | Ged#ruckt zu Berlin im jar | M. D. XL. || [Part 2:] Catehiômus oder kin | der P#redig/ wie die in dem Chur= | furôtenthumb der Margken zu | B#randemburgk allenthalben | gep#redigt werden. | [coat of arms, 78 @ 74 mm.] | Ged#ruckt zu Berlin M.D.XL. || [Part 3:] V\on dem gebrauch | der Heiligen Hochwirdigen Sa= | cramenten/ Auch von den Cere= | monien ôo darbey gehalten/ vnd | andern Kirchen vbungen/ die in | Vnôerm Churfurôtenthum vnd | Landen abgethan/ oder | behalten werden ôollen. || [{stet:} Catehiômus] || [Colophon:] [Part 2:] Gedruckt zu Berlin durch Johan. Weis/ jm | Funffzehenhunderten vnd viertzigôten jar.
%Size: 147 @ 94 mm. (C2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–R^4, a^4(a3+1;a4+1) b–2f^4 2g^2 2h^4, ^2A–Y^4 Z^2, 3A^4(3A4+3B1); $1–3 signed (–A1 D2 M2 R2 a1 i2 q3 2e2 ^2A1 A3 G2 J3 K2–3 M2 P2 Y2 +a4); F3 signed G3, ^2L2 signed K2, ^2T1 signed S1 %Pagination: 277 leaves
%Fingerprint: [Part 1:] 1540 04 - b1 A2 fft$ : b2 R3 zu$l || [Part 2:] 1540 04 - b1 a2 nd$ : b2 2h3 n$an$ || [Part 3:] 0000 04 - b1 A2 gt : b2 3A3 $dem$ %Preface: by Joachim, Marggraff zu Brandemburg, undated and unsigned %Music: Verba (^2K2^a–^2K3^b), Our Father (^2K3^b–^2K4^b), Pax (^2K4^b), Litany (^2N3^b–^2P4^a) f. ^2J1^b - directs that communion be held daily in the cities and at least weekly in the villages; says that the "Pfarherrn vnd Prediger" in the cities should exhort the people to attend communion frequently. Directs that the "Verba consecrationis" be publicly sung or spoken ("gesungen oder gesprochen").
Order of the mass: the Priester with his Ministranten in the customary vestments go to the altar and speak the Confiteor. Then the usual Introit, the Kyrie (nach Gelegenheit), the Gloria in excelsis (with the Et in terra) is sung, the Dominus vobiscum and proper Collect are sung, then the Epistle (nach gelegenheit der zeit vnd Festa): all the foregoing including the Epistle are to be sung in Latin, followed by the Epistle read (gelesen) in German. Then a German Gesang is announced and sung by the people (f. ^2J3^b). Then is sung the Alleluia and Sequence (if there is one), or nach gelegenheit der zeit a Tract in Latin. Then the Gospel is sung in Latin, then read (vorgelesen mit heller Stym[m]) in German. Then the Priester sings the Credo in unum deum, then the Patrem (in Thumen und Stifften) or Wir glauben all is sung. Then the Priester sings the Dominus vobiscum and the Oremus. Then the Gesang is sung "den man hieuor pro Offertorio gehalten hat" (i.e., either an offertory or a German psalm—see next paragraph). Then the Priester sings the Preface in Latin, followed by the Latin Sanctus, during which the Preister prays the following prayer for the government in German (not copied). (f. ^2J4^a) Then the Verba Consecrationis are sung in German, and the Elevation follows (the tune for the Verba is essentially that given in Osnabrück 1652 [p. 4 of notes], but has a number of changes in the notes). The directions for the Elevation: after the host is consecrated: "Hic modica inclinatione, leua illud reuerenterin altum"; after the wine: "Leua Calicem in altum." After the Elevation in Thumen and Stifften a Latin Gesang is sung (such as the responsory Tua est potencia); in the Pfarren a German Gesang is sung, Es wolt vns Gott gnedig sein or Sey lob vnd danck mit hohem preis. Then the Pater Noster is sung in German (as in Nürnberg, 1639, p. 6 of notes). Then "Der frid des heren sey mit euch allen," with Amen responded. Then the Agnus Dei is sung in Latin. Then a prayer in Latin addressed to Christ. Then the exhortation to the communicants, which includes the Words of Institution. Then the responsory Discubuit Jhesus is sung in Latin, and if there are many communicants, so that the responsory doesn't last for the distribution, Gott sey gelobet or Jhesus Christus unser Heiland (which may be sung after the distribution if the responsory is sufficient). Then a collect. Then the Priest bows/kneels/prostrates himself (inclinet) and says: "Corpus tuum domine quod nos peccatores sumpsimus...." Nothing further is given. In villages where no one understands Latin the Epistle and Gospel are read only in German. The sermon comes after the Creed. In cities it is followed by the Offertory for the day; in villages it may be replaced by a German psalm. Then the Latin preface, etc. (f. ^2L3^b–^2L4^a)
In the daily mass when no communicants are present (f. ^2L4^a–^2M1^a): first the Introit d.t., the Kyrie, Gloria and Et in terra in Latin, then the Collect d.t. in Latin or German, then the Epistle in Latin (in Stifften u. Klöstern) or German (in Pfarkirchen u. Dörffern), then the Gradual (or in Pfarren a German psalm in place of the Gradual), then the Alleluia and Sequence (or Tract), then the Gospel (as with the Epistle, sung or read in Latin or German; note—the context makes it clear that it may be either sung or read even in German), then the Credo in unum deum, followed by the Patrem (in Stifften u. Klöstern) or the Glaube (in cities and villages), then the Predig on the Gospel, then may be sung either the German Litany (given on the following pages) or the Vater Unser "gesangsweis" or Mitten wir im leben sein or Es wolt vns Got gnedig sein, followed by Verleyhe vns frid gnediglich, with the Collect for peace, closing with the customary blessing. But in Stifften and Klöstern after the sermon the responsory Tua est potencia is sung, with the Collect pro pace, then the Benediction. With such an office the Priester does not wear a Casula, but rather a Korkappen (or in villages a simple Corrock). In the large cities where assistants (Ministranten) are used, they wear deacons' robes (Diacon röcken).
"Vom Chorgesange" (f. ^2M1^b): In Stifften and Klöstern, and in Pfarkirchen where customary, the usual offices ("Chorgesang"); that is, Metten, Prima, Tertia, Sexta, Nona, Vesper, Complet, are to be sung and read (gesungen vnd gelesen) in Latin, insofar as these are de tempore. The offices de Sanctis are to be done as corrected. Otherwise morning and evening services are to be held. In parishes that do not have daily offices but have other daily services with singing and reading, these may be retained after review by the Visitor.
The Litany is notated on f. ^2N3^b–^2P4^a.
Holy days: Christmas, Steven, John the Evangelist, New Year's or Circumcision, Three Kings, Purification of Mary, Matthias, Annunciation of Mary, Easter (3 days), Philip and James, Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, Corpus Christi, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul, Visitation, Mary Magdalene, James, Laurentius, Assumption of Mary, Bartholemew, Nativity of Mary, Matthew, Michaelis, Simon and Jude, All Saints, Martin, Katherine, Andrew, Thomas. (f. Y4^a)
See the article on this KO in JbLH 4:82–85.
Brandenburg 1572 (Frankfurt/Oder, 1572) s [7/12/93] - official
Die Augspurgische Confession... Der kleine Catechismus. Erklerung und kurtzer Auszzug aus den Postillen... D. Lutheri... Aus verordnunge... H. Johannen Georgen, Marggraffen zu Brandenburg... Neben einer allgemeinen Agenden oder Ordnung, nach welcher sich die Pfarrher und Kirchendiener zuvorhalten. Cited in Graff 1:27. There are additional title pages on ff. D1, G1 and 2G1, all with the same date. Graff: joined to the 1540 KO, but the catholicizing trends of the 1540 are removed.
D\ie A\ugôpurgisch\\e Confeôsion/ | aus dem Rechten Original/ welches Keyôer Carolo dem V. | auff dem Reichstage zu Augôpurg Anno 1530. vbergeben/ Der Kleine Cate= | chiômus. Erklerung vnd kurtzer Auázug aus den Poôtillen vnd Lehrôchrifften des thewren | Mans Gottes D. Lutheri/ daraus zuôehen/ wie derôelbe von fürnembôten Artickeln vnôerer | Chriôtlichen Religion gelehret/ Aus verordnunge des Durchlauchtigôten/ Hochgebornen Für= | ôten vnd Herrn/ Herrn Johanôen Georgen/ Marggraffen zu Brandenburg/ des Heiligen | Römiôchen Reichs ErtzCämmerers vnd Churfürôten/ in Preuôôen/ zu Stettin/ Pommern/ | der Caôôuben/ Wenden/ Auch in Schleôien zu Croôôen Hertzogen/ Burggraf= | fen zu Nürnbergk/ vnd Fürôten zu Rügen/ Vor die Kirchen in ôei= | ner Churfürôt. G. Landen/ Neben einer allgemeinen | Agenden oder Ordnung/ nach welcher ôich die | Pfarherr vnd Kirchendiener zuuorhal= | ten/ zuôamen gedruckt. | [engraving, 179 @ 137 mm.] | {Anno Salutis & Grati‘ M. D. LXXII.} || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu F\ranckfurt | an der Oder/ durch Johan Eichorn/ | nach Chriôti Geburt: | [rule] | {M. D. LXXII.}
%Size: 226 @ 136 mm. (A1^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s: ã^2 A–B^6 C^8 D–E^6 F^4 G–2L^6 2M^8; $1–4 signed (–D1 G1 J4 2G1 +C5) %Pagination: 214 leaves: ff. [{5}] 1–16 [{2}] 17–31 [{1}] 32–97 {98} 99–168 [{1}] 169–172 174–203 [{3}] (misnumbering 195 as 519, 199 as 599)
%Fingerprint: 1572 02 - b1 A $ : b2 2M4 eylands/$ %Preface: `Geben zu Cölln an der Sprew/ Mitwochs nach Jubilate. Anno 1572." %Music: Our Father (f. 2J4^a–2J4^b), Verba (f. 2J4^b–2J5^a), Pax (f. 2J5^b)
Order of the Mass is word for word the same as in 1540 with the following exceptions: (1) after the Epistle one of the appointed prayers (ff. 2H6^a–2J1^b) is read (vorsprechen) (instead of a hymn being sung) (f. 2H6^a). The Alleluia and Sequence (or Tract) follow as in the 1540 order. (2) A collect likewise is said between the Gospel and the Creed. (3) The positions of the Our Father and Verba are reversed; the Elevation is retained.
The entire section on the service without communion is omitted, including the section on what vestments are to be worn.
The section on the daily office (Chorgesang) is shortened, the part about saints' days being omitted, also the part about those parishes that do not have offices, but rather other daily devotions.
The Litany is not notated here.
The holy days are the same as in 1540, except that Corpus Christi is replaced with Coena Domini and the "Festum Gratiarum actionis loco Dedicationis templi" is added (this is a local Kirchweih festival).
A section on Holy Week is added, saying that the hymns and ceremonies in the old breviary should be retained and mentioning the following services: (1) Maundy Thursday, Coena and sermon; (2) Good Friday, the Passion read at 4:00 A.M. followed by sermon and communion; (3) Holy Saturday, sermon on the burial of Christ held for one hour after Vespers; (4) entire week, sermon held each day and the Litany sung.
Brandenburg 1573 (Tham i.d.N., 1573) s-
[Visitationsordnung].
No agenda.
Brandenburg 1614 (Frankfurt/Oder, 1614) s [8/13/93] - private Goltz, Joachim. Agenda das ist auáerlesene Kirchen-Ceremonien, welche in den Kirchen Augspurgischer Confeáion in ublichem Brauch sein... zusammen getragen, durch M. Joachimum Goltzium. The copy BerlinPS: an: Dr 13;726^a has a leaf containing an admonition to the communicants inserted after f. F1. Graff: originally only for Frankfurt/Oder, reprinted many times to 1697 and found widespread use. Based on the märkische KO, in later eds. also on Schraders Formularbuch. Graff saw the eds. of 1614 and 1697.
[Within an ornamented compartment, 170 @ 126 mm. enclosing 152 @ 109 mm.] {AGENDA} | Das iôt | Auáerleôene | K\irch\\en=Ceremonien | Welche in den Kirchen Augôpurgiôcher | Confeáion in vblichem Brauche ôein/ vnnd hin | vnd wieder gleich vnd vngleich | Bey Dem Sacrament der H. Tauffe/ Admini= | ôtration des HEÚRRN¿ CHRiôti Nachtmahl/ {Copulation} | Breutigams vnnd Braut/ Einôegnung der Sechswöchnerinnen/ | vnnd Chriôtlichen Begrebnuôôen gehalten werden/ | Collegiret vnd zuôammen getragen/ | Durch | {M. Joachimum Goltzium Se-} | {niorem} Dienern Göttliches W\ortts zu | F\ranckfurth an der Oder/ | Mit Churfürôtlichen Sächáiôchen vnd Brandeubnr= | giôchen Befreyungen auff zehen Jahr. | Gedruckt vnd Vorlegt | Bey Friederich Hartman Buchhändler vnd Drucker | in Franckfurth an der Oder. | [rule] | Jm Jahr {M. DC. XIIII.} || [{stet:} Brandeubnr=]
%Size: 161 @ 123 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–N^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 E3) %Pagination: 52 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1614 04 - b1 A2 ck : b2 N3 r$tre %Preface: none %Music: Latin Preface for Christmas (D3^a–E1^a), German Preface (E2^b–E3^b), Our Father #3 (E4^a–E4^b), Verba #4 (F1^a–F1^b)
Contains only the texts (and music) for the communion section of the liturgy; no other liturgical prescriptions.
Brandenburg 1679 (Leipzig, 1679) r [8/13/93]
Goltz, Joachim. Agenda das ist auáerlesene Kirchen-Ceremonien, welche in den Kirchen Augspurgischer Confeáion in ublichem Brauch sein... zusammen getragen, durch M. Joachimum Goltzium.
A reprint of the 1614 order.
Brandenburg 1697 (Frankfurt/Oder, 1697) r [8/13/93]
Goltz, Joachim. Agenda Das ist Ausserlesene Kirchen-Ceremonien... zusammengetragen Durch Joach. Goltzium... An vielen Orten verbessert.
A reprint of the 1614 order at least in its liturgical portions.
Brandenburg 1761 (Berlin, 1761) s- [Visitationsordnung].
No agenda. There is an extremely brief order (a couple of sentences) for use in the military, but I am ignoring this.
Brandenburg-Ansbach 1526 s [11/29/95] - official
Abschied vnnd maynung wes sich der Durchleüchtig Hochgeborn Fürst vnnd herr, Herr Casimir Marggraue zu Brandennburg. &c. von sein vnd seiner Fürstlichen gnaden mitregirenden bruders, Marggrauen Jörgen zu sampt jrer F. G. Lanndtschafft, auff negstgehaltem Landtag zu Onoltzbach biá auff ein zu künfftig Concilium, Nacional versamlung, oder seiner Fürstlichen Gnaden, weyttern beschayd, des abschieds halben, Jüngstgehaltens Reichstags zu Speyer, Jnn jrer Fürstlichenn Gnaden Land vnnd Fürstenthumb, zu halten vereynigt haben. REPRINT: Richter 1:50–55.
Notes from Richter.
Some places in the principality hold mass in German and others in Latin. To promote uniformity the mass is henceforth to be held in Latin until a Christian Council or national assembly makes a determination, or another decree is issued. But priests who read the Epistle and Gospel are to read them in German, and priests who sing them are to sing them in Latin, then he is to turn around at the altar and read them to the people in German. The Words of Consecration are to be read aloud in Latin. German psalms and Gesang may be used during the mass. (p. 51)
Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach 1533 s [11/24/95] - cloister
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:311–16.
Notes from Sehling.
Footnote on p. 312 defines "Mettin" as Matins and Lauds combined.
Consists solely of brief orders for the minor offices.
Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach 1538 s [10/26/95] - official
Figural und coral zu ziemlicher zeit in der kirchen zu singen und in den schulen anzurichten 1538. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:397–98.
Notes from Sehling.
"Von Gottes gnaden Georg, marggrave zu Brandenburg etc."
It has been reported to the Margrave that in many places the youth are being taught figural music to the exclusion of chant, so that the Gesenge ordered in the church order are seldom used, as it is so difficult to find one or more boys who can sing a Latin responsory; besides, the figural music tends to hinder the divine Word and the people's devotion. Is not saying that figural music, also the pure (from Scripture) introits, sequences, and other chants are not good; psalms and other things taken from Scripture are allowed, not only sung, but with Posaunen and other instruments ("So lassen wir auch soliche geseng als nemblich psalmen und ander ding, aus heiliger gotlichen schrift gezogen, und nit weltliche, zu unzucht raizende liedle, hie zu Onoltzbach als in unserm furstlichen anwesen (zu geburlicher zeit) nit allein singen, sonder denselben gesengen mit pusaunen und andern dergleichen instrumenten beistand tun...").
We must make certain, however, that none of this hinders God's Word or Christian devotion. And so figural music is not to be sung regularly (p. 397), but only at particular times and along with the German Christian chants ("neben dem teutschen cristlichen gesang das coral").
Figuralgesang is allowed, but it is not to be practiced or sung daily or regularly ("...dergleichen cristlichen figuralgesang, gotlichem wort gemes und nit entgegen, vleiáiglich anrichten und in den kirchen uben und singen, nachdem es doch nit pfleglich oder teglich, sonder allein in zeiten gebraucht werden soll."
Additionally, the Latin chant is to remain in use alongside the German Gesang.
[Footnote: The inhabitants of the area around Wunsiedel were known for their delight in singing. The possibility cannot be dismissed that this is at least one reason for the decline of the choir and the stronger participation of the congregation in singing in Wunsiedel.] The footnote is to the statement that in several of our cities young citizens are to be found who are versed in music and who could sing the Latin chant as well. (p. 398)
Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach 1548 s [10/26/95] - official
Mehrung der vorigen kirchenordnung, aufgerichtet in unseres gn. herrn margg. Georg Friederichs Fürstentum. 1548. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:325–31.
Notes from Sehling.
This is an Interim order and therefore not to be taken as representative of the Lutheran position. The Interim was instituted in this territory in 1548, and this order was approved (after the clergy had overwhelmingly rejected either a reintroduction of the pre-Reformation mass or a revision of the KO of 1533) and its use made mandatory, although it was never printed. It found use in Franken, and Nürnberg took it over nearly unaltered. Interim practices were partially removed in 1552–54 through the strong opposition of the clergy. (p. 291)
The ceremonies are to be sung in Latin to Gregorian chant (cantus Gregoriani), insofar as they are in accordance with Scripture, and the priest is to conduct the mass according to the old rite, from the Confiteor through the Ite missa est, as long as it is in accordance with Scripture, whether in the temporale or the sanctorale. Where there are Latin schools the Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra, Patrem, Sanctus, Agnus and Communion are to be done. But for certain sequences (see Note A below), the Gradual and the Offertory German psalms or other comparable Christian Geseng may be substituted. (p. 326) The Epistle and Gospel are to be sung from the altar, then read to the people in German, but the Words of Institution, the collects and the Pater Noster may be sung either in Latin or in German. The Benedicamus may be sung in place of the Ite missa.
Where there are no Latin schools or people who can sing Latin, the foregoing order is to be followed as much as possible with the (German) Gesenge (see Note B below). In villages with no Kirchendiener the Pfarher or Priester holding mass and preaching may read the Epistle and Gospel to the people solely in German.
Texts to be used in place of the major and minor canons (i.e., mass canon and offertory) are given below in Note C.
According to the old usage the priest is to elevate the sacrament in both forms and have a bell rung at the time ("...und darzu leuten oder klingen lassen."). He is also to wear the traditional alb and mass vestments. The candles on the altar are to remain lighted throughout the mass. For other official acts in the church (preaching, baptising, Vespers and Matins) the Pfarher or Caplon is to wear an ordinary Chorrock, so that their office can be distinguished from others.
Vespers is held according to the traditional use with Deus in adiutorium, then the usual psalms, antiphon, responsories, Magnificat, collects and Benedicamus. Christians should be steadfastly exhorted to confession. Everyone desiring communion is henceforth to report to appointed Kirchendiener either the prior evening or early in the morning to receive instruction, make confession and receive absolution. The catechism is held at Vesper time as has been the practice. (p. 327)
Matins is held in the parishes on the highest feasts according to the traditional practice with Christian gesenge and lessons [footnote: in Nürnberg during the Interim Matins was prescribed for Wednesday in Holy Week, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter Sunday, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity and Christmas].
Foundations and cloisters shall observe mass as above according to the old order (as long as it does not contradict Scripture) and the canonical hours of the Temporale and Sanctorale with everyone in attendance, unless that person has special permission to be absent.
Holy days: Sunday, Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Corpus Christi, the festivals of the Virgin Mary [footnote: Purification (Feb 2), Annunciation (March 25), Visitation (July 2), Assumption (Aug 15), Nativity (Sept 8) and Immaculate Conception (Dec 8)], apostles' days [footnote: Philip and James the Younger (May 1), Peter and Paul (June 29), James the Elder (July 25), Bartholomew (Aug 24), Matthew (Sept 21), Simon and Jude (Oct 28), Andrew (Nov 30), Thomas (Dec 21), John the Evangelist (Dec 27)], John the Baptist [June 24], Mary Magdalene [July 22], St. Stephen [Dec. 26], St. Lawrence [Aug 10], St. Martin [Nov 11], St. Michael [Sep 29] and All Saints [Nov 1].
Meat is not to be eaten on days of fasting or on Fridays or Saturdays. (p. 328)
Note A: the chief festivals have acceptable sequences: Christmas: Grates nunc omnes reddamus Domino Purification: Mit frid und freud ich fahr dahin [footnote: not really a sequence] Easter: Vicime paschali laudes De Trinitate: Benedicta semper sancta sit Trinitas De Spiritu Sancto: Veni, Sancte Spiritus OR Sancti Spiritus adsit nobis gratia On other Feirtagen und Festen, which have either impure or no sequences, the Gradual or Alleluia is sung. Where they are not pure, such as on saints' days, a psalm is sung: Ein feste burg ist unser Gott Wer Gott nit mit uns diese zeit Wol dem, der in Gottes forcht steht Aus tiefer not Mensch, wilt du leben seliglich The Gradual and Alleluia may be sung on alternate Sundays and a psalm on the other Sunday, for the sake of the people.
Note B: What is to be sung when a Latin mass is not possible: Nun freud euch, lieben Christen gemain Dis sind die heiligen zehen gebot Erbarm, dich mein, o Herr Gott (p. 329) Ich ruef zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns helt Act Gott, von himmel sieh darein Then two collects, one for spiritual concerns and the other for peace, good weather, etc., as in the church order. Then a chapter is read from an epistle in German, with added (angehengter) Epistle of the Feiertag or Fest. Then a psalm is sung with the people, namely: Es woll uns Gott gnedig sein Es spricht der unweisen mund wol Ein feste burg Wer Gott nit mit uns diese zeit Mensch, wilt du leben seliglich Aus tiefer not Then the preist reads a chapter from a gospel and Acts (lect. cont., also lect. cont. with the Epistle). The Gospel is not read here, since it would just have to be repeated from the pulpit. Then the Glaube is sung, then the sermon, then the communion, as follows: exhortation, Verba consecrationis are sung or read aloud so they can be understood, then the Vater Unser is read aloud so that the people can pray along, or sung "nach gelegenhait." In villages where the Pfarher has assistance (i.e., to sing) the German Sanctus, "Heiliger etc." (as given in Döber's 1525 order for Nürnberg) or "Jesaia dem propheten." Where there is no assistance the Vater Unser follows immediately. Where there is assistance the following are sung during the distribution, for as long as needed: O du lamm Gottes [footnote: = Christe, du Lamm Gottes], Jesus Christus unser Heiland, Gott sei gelobt. Then the Thanksgiving, as in the KO; then the priest says "Laát uns gebenedeien dem Herrn!" and the people answer "Gott sei gelobet." When there are no communicants the service is held through the sermon, then the Te Deum (Herr Gott, wir loben dich) or Gott der Vater wohn uns bei is sung, then a collect and Blessing.
Note C: Instead of the canons major and minor: when the sermon is ended the Schulmaister sings the appointed Latin offertory (since they are all taken from Scripture) or a responsory in Latin (p. 330), such as "Si bona suscepimus de manu Domini," "Tua est potentia," alternating (weeks?—"Eins umb das ander"). During this ("Aber unter solchem gesang...") the priest prays the following prayer for all the needs of Christendom. Then the exhortation to communion, and everything else in order. (p. 331)
Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1528 s [10/24/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:135–39.
Notes from Sehling.
Mass: Introit, Kyrie, Et in terra, Alleluia in Latin; Epistle, Gospel and Creed in German. In villages where Latin is not possible people may sing a German Christian Lied to begin the mass. Where the Introit, etc. is already sung in German it may remain. Each pastor is to submit any German Gesenge to the Visitor for approval.
Collects: collects in German may be substituted for those in Latin. Vestments: this is a "frei ding," and rules are not to be made.
The sermon may be done after the Creed, as is customary. Then the Preface in Latin, then Sanctus, Pater noster, Pax Domini in Latin, then a German exhortation ("exhortation"), then the Verba. Then the Agnus Dei, or where there are no scholars or others for the Latin Gesang, a good German Gesang. Then the distribution, during which the Verba are repeated in German to each individual. Then Thanksgiving collect in German. (p. 136) Then Aaronic Benediction, then Benedicamus Domino.
German Gesang: in villages where Latin Gesang is not possible the Pfarrer shall nevertheless speak or read (sprechen oder lesen) all the above; the congregation may sing a good German Gesang or something or other (ein gut teutsch gesang oder etliche singen), and the pastors should exhort the people to learn such Gesang. In parishes where previously (the Roman) mass was observed on holy days and weekdays the evangelical mass shall be observed, with everything sung and read, except that if there are no communicants the priest shall not be required to consecrate the body and blood of Christ, but he may do so for his own nourishment; this shall remain a free thing ("...allein mit der unterschied, so nit communicanten vorhanden sind, das alsdann der briester zu der consecration des leibs und bluts Christi ungedrungen sei, er woll es dann aus andacht und begird seiner selbs nieáung halben consecrieren. Das soll zu seinem willen und freisteen, dieweil sich doch zu solcher nieáung des leibs und bluts christi, niemant zu dringen gepurt, sonder sich, ein jeder wie der apostel spricht [1. Kor. 11,28], selbs brüfen soll. Und hat dennest das volk, sogleich also die consecration gemelts sacraments nit geschicht, ursach in die kirchen zu geen, das evangelion, epistel und andere christliche gesang und gebet zu hören und dabei guts zu betrachten, wie dann dergleichen gebrauch an anderen örten, da das evangelium angenummen, auch gehalten und darzu bei den bebstischen auf den groáen stiften auch dermaáen gehandelt wirt.")
Registering for communion: the people are to indicate before communing their faith and why they desire the sacrament (Auch soll man vleiáig darob halten, das sich die leut vor nennen, iren glauben und, warumb sie des sacraments begern, anzuzeigen.).
In villages early in the day a chapter is read, closing with a collect, usually on Wednesdays and Fridays, with a German psalm or other Lied sung as well. In cities and other large places on days when mass is not held there is a service: one or three psalms are sung, a chapter is read, closing with a common prayer. In places large enough to support it, one or two sermons lasting about a half hour are held.
The sacrament in one kind is to be allowed until through further teaching it has passed out of fashion. (p. 137)
Reservation of the sacrament is not allowed. (p. 138)
Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1533 (1533) s [7/9/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung, Jn meiner gnedigen herrn der Marggraven zu Brandenburg Und eins Erbern Rats der Stat Nürmberg Oberkeyt... Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:51. Graff classifies this as Brandenburg- Nürnberg (Ansbach-Bayreuth und Reichstadt Nürnberg). He mentions the succeeding editions but does not list them.
[within a compartment: at the top, a portrait within an ornamented circular frame; at the sides, two urns on pedestals; below, two mythological figures; 155 @ 120 mm. enclosing 100 @ 70 mm.] Kirchen O#rd= | nung. Jn meiner gne= | digen herrn der Marg= | grauen zu Brandenburg | Vnd eins Erbern Rats | der Stat N#ürmberg | Oberkeyt vnd gepie= | ten/ Wie man ôich | bayde mit der leer | vnd Ceremo= | nien halten | ôolle. | {M#.D#.XXXIII#.}
%Size: 159 @ 106 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–N^4 O^4(O4+1); $1–3 signed (–A1 +O4) %Pagination: 57 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1533 04 - b1 A2 $gebe : b2 O4 d$den$ %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none
Order of the mass: the Priester comes to the altar and does the Confiteor or whatever serves the purpose of his devotion, then reads the Introit. Where there are schools, the Schüler sing it occasionally in Latin. In villages where people are not available to perform the Latin Gesang, a German Gesang should be used. If the people cannot sing at all, the Pfarrherr should learn it. In places where it has been customary to sing the Introit in German, that practice may be continued.
The Kyrie follows and the Et in terra in Latin, which the Schüler or people sing in Latin or German, as is customary. Then the Priester turns to the people and speaks or sings Dominus vobiscun [{sic}] (f. M1^a) or Der Herr sey mit euch. Then follows one or more collects d.t. Because this is spoken (gesprochen) on behalf of the entire congregation, it should be done in German (f. M1^b). [Several pages of collects follow.] Then follows the Epistle in German (f. M4^b). Then the Alleluia with its verse may be read in Latin or a Gradual taken from Holy Scripture may be sung by the Schüler in Latin. Then the Gospel is read, then the Credo is sung by the Schüler in Latin or the Glaube by the people in German. On Fridays the usual sermon follows. After the sermon comes the Abentmal. It begins with the exhortation (which includes the Words of Institution), then "die Wort des Nachtmals, wo die Meá gesungen würdet, ungeferlich auff nachfolgende weyse, Oder so er die Meá liset, mit lautten verstendigen wortten lesen, damit die umbsteenden dieselben hören mögen." (f. N1^a) Then the Sanctus in Latin or German. Then "Oremus Preciptis salutaribus moniti, et diuina institutione formati audemus dicere. Pater noster &c. Darnach als bald. Pax domini sit semper vobiscum &c." Or in German: "Last vns beten. Vater vnser...." (f. N2^a) If the Pfarrer has no Diaconum, he serves the body to all before serving the cup; if there is a deacon, the deacon serves the cup to each after the latter receives the bread. During the distribution the Schüler sing the Agnus dei. Where there are no Schüler the congregation may sing it or whatever else that is scriptural, appropriate to the time and customary; and if there are enough people to last the time, not only a Communion should be sung, but other things as well (such as the responsory Discubuit), until the distribution is finished. After the distribution the Thanksgiving (collect) is said in German. (f. N2^b) Then "Benedicamus domino." "Deo gracias." Then the blessing (choice of four). (f. N3^a)
When there are no communicants: begins with one, two or three Psalms; on Sunday, the Symbolum Quicunq[ue] vult is sung in place of the last psalm. Then an antiphon from Scripture, then a chapter from an Epistle, then a Gesang in German or Latin that is short and in accordance with the Word of God (dem wort Gottes). Then a chapter ("Capitel") from a Gospel. Then the Te deum laudamus or a good hymn de tempore that is in accordance with Scripture. Then three German collects: the first on the pure word of God, the second for the secular government, the third at will. Then a sermon (f. N4^a), then the Benedicamus and a German blessing. For this service a Corrock is to be worn without a Meágewandt. (f. N4^b)
Vespers is held at the usual times according to the usual order, except that a German chapter is read instead of a Latin one. German hymns may also be used as well, provided that Latin does not disappear entirely from the service; for if it disappears from the service, it would also disappear from the schools. The Tagampt (either the communion or noncommunion service, depending on whether there are communicants) is to be held in Stifften and Klöstern as in the parishes. The Horas Canonicas are also to be held in the Stifften and Klöstern, observing that nothing contrary to God's word is sung or read. (f. N4^b)
Holy days (f. O4^a–O4^b): New Year's or the Circumcision of the Lord, Oberstag or Three Kings Epiphany, Purification, St. Mathias the Apostle (Zwelffpoten), Annunciation, Easter (2 days), SS. Philip and James the apostles, Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity, St. John the Baptist, SS. Peter and Paul, St. James the apostle, Assumption replaced by Visitation, St. Bartholomew, St. Matheus des Zwölffpoten, SS. Simon and Jude, St. Andrew, St. Thomas, Nativity (with the second day, St. Stephen).
Sehling classifies all orders past 1533 as Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach.
Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1534 (Magdeburg, 1534) s [7/9/93] - official
Brenz, J. De kerckenordeninge, wo me sick beide mit der lere unde Ceremonien holden schal. A translation of the 1533 Brandenburg-Nürnberg order into Low German. In the Berlin catalog this is mistakenly given as a Magdeburg order.
[within a compartment: various human and nonhuman figures, 124 @ 84 mm. enclosing 68 @ 54 mm.] De kercken | ordeninge/ wo me | ôick beide mit der lere | vnde Ceremonien | holden ôchal. | Mit dem Catechiô | mo vnde kinder lere. | Gedrücket tho Magde= | borch. M. D. xxxiiij. || [Colophon:] Gedrücket tho Magde: | borg by Michel Lotther. | [flower pointing down and to the right] %Size: 110 @ 71 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 8º: A–V^8; $1–5 signed (–A1); N3 signed N5 %Pagination: 160 leaves: ff. {1} 2–116 118 118–159 {160}
%Fingerprint: 1534 08 - b1 A2 aulu : b2 V5 ôende %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none
The service is exactly the same as in Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1533.
Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1564 (Nürnberg, 1564) s [7/10/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung Jn meiner gnedigen Herrn der Marggraven zu Brandenburg, Und eins Erbarn Raths der Stadt Nürnberg Oberkeyt. Cited in Bodemann V.
K\irchen O\#rdnung J\n | meiner gnedigen Herrn der Marg= | grauen zu B#randenburg/ Vnd eins Erbarn Raths | der Stadt Nürmberg Oberkeyt vnd Gebie= |ten/ wie man ôich bayde mit der Leh#r | vnd Ceremonien hal= | ten ôolle. | [ornament, 47 @ 85 mm.] | Auffs new yetzo/ dem alten Exemplar nach/ mit | ôonderm fleiá widerumb ged#ruckt. | Z\u N\ürnberg/ bey C\h#ri= | ôtoff Heuôsler. | 1.5.6.4.
%Size: 221 @ 139 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s: A–G^6 H–J^4 K^6 L^4; $1–4 signed (–A1 H4 J4 L4) %Pagination: 60 leaves: ff. [{2}] I–LVII [{1}] %Fingerprint: 1564 02 - b1 A2 hun$v : b2 L3 ider$ %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Verba (K1^a–K1^b), Our Father (K2^a–K2^b)
A reprint of the 1533 order, except that musical notation is given for the Einsetzungsworte (as in Nürnberg 1639, p. 6 of notes) and the Vater Unser (also as in Nürnberg 1639).
Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1592 (Nürmberg, 1592) s [7/10/93] - official
Kirchenordnung in meiner gnedigen Herrn der Marggrafen zu Brandenburg, Und eines Erbarn Raths der Stadt Nürmberg Oberkeit und Gebieten... 1533... Aufs neu... gedr.
K\irch\enord\nung | in meiner gnedigen H\er#rn | der Margg\rafen zu Brandenburg\/ Vnd | eins Erbarn Raths der Stadt Nürmberg | Oberkeit vnd Gebieten. | W\ie man ôich beide mit der Lehr vnd | Ceremonien halten ôolle. | {M. D. XXXIII.} | [triangular ornament, 51 @ 65 mm.] | Aufs neu/ ietzo dem alten E\xem= | plar nach/ mit ôonderm fleiá wider= | umb gedruckt: | Z\u Nürmberg/ durch Katharine | Gerlachin Erben. | 1592.
%Size: 224 @ 133 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s: A–G^6 H–J^4 K^6 L^4; $1–4 signed (–A1 H4 J4 L4) %Pagination: 60 leaves: ff. {1} 2–59 {60} %Fingerprint: 1592 02 - b1 A2 uch$ : b2 L3 uchen %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Verba (K1^a–K1^b), Our Father (K2^a–K2^b); these are not printed from the same plates as in the 1564 edition, although they occur on the same pages.
A reprint of the 1533 edition, with the musical notation the same as in the 1564 edition.
Brandis 1574 s [11/23/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:534.
Notes from Sehling.
Brandis is in Saxony. The agenda is from the visitation of 1574/75.
A sermon is held Sunday morning, with mass if there are communicants. In the afternoon a Latin psalm is sung, then a German Lied from the hymnal, then a boy reads a chapter from the Bible with the summary of Dietrich. Then a sermon on the catechism, then two boys recite Luther's Small Catechism in order, then there is a song and collect.
During the week there is a sermon on the Epistle on Thursday morning from Michaelis to Johannis, after which the Litany is sung, one week as set by Justus Jonas, the next week as set by Luther. Catechism is held on Tuesdays at 2:00 from Michaelis to Johannis and on Thursday at 12:00 from Johannis to Michaelis, after which the Litany is sung. The schoolmaster sings Latin Vespers with the boys on Saturdays. (p. 534) Braunschweig 1528 (Wittenberg, [1528]) s [7/12/93] - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Der Erbarn Stadt Brunswig Christ-like ordeninge... Cited in Graff 1:44. Some leaves are impressed notably off center, A3 for instance.
[within a compartment: various heavenly figures, 125 @ 87 mm. enclosing 65 @ 50 mm.] Der Erharn | Stadt Brunôwig Chriôt= | like ordeninge/ to de~nôte | dem hilgen Euangelio/ | Chriôtliker lŠue/ tucht/ fr##ede vn= | de eynicheit. Ock dar vnder v##ele | Chriôtlike lere vor de borge | re. Dorch Joannem Bu | genhagen Pomern~ | beôcreuen. | :. | 1.5.28. || [Colophon:] Gedruck to Wittenberch dorch | Joôeph Kluck
%Size: 118 @ 70 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 8º: A–R^8 S^4; $1–5 signed (–A1 A4 S4); J3 signed K3 %Pagination: 140 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1528 08 - b1 A2 inge$ : b2 S3 $de$ %Preface: headed `Joannes Bugenhagen Pomer dem lesere." %Music: Our Father (P6^b–P7^a), Verba (P7^b–P8^b), Christe du lam Gades (P8^b–Q1^a), Thanksgiving collect (Q1^a), German Benediction (Q1^b), German Creed (Q4^b–Q6^b), Glaube incipit (Q6^b)
Responsibilities of the Latin school cantor: to teach the children to sing (both the learned and the unlearned) in both German and Latin, and to teach figural as well as the common song, making sure that the children understand the notes and clefs (Voces, Claues). He is to direct a Schola of Tenor, Bass and Alto that sings figural music from time to time in the church and occasionally (perhaps once every six weeks) in other churches. It is sufficient to sing two or at most three figural pieces "n##euen den Orgelen" [Hd. "neben dem Orgeln"] (in addition to organ music? or with the organ?) so that it does not become tiring (f. D3^b). Other pieces in Latin or German may be sung d.t. (f. D4^a).
Concerning the custers and organists: organ playing is not unchristian as long as psalms and spiritual songs are played rather than sacrilegious songs (bolen l##ede) (f. H6^a).
Festivals: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (3 full days each); New Year's Day, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, [Hd.: Vnser frawen vber birg gang]. [The last two, if I understand correctly, are not set feasts but are celebrated as appropriate (?).] Ditto with Michaelis. (f. H6^b) The apostles' days, Mary Magdalene and Laurentius are moved to the Sunday following the date of the feast. The sermon should pertain nevertheless to the Sunday, with a few words pertaining to the minor festival at the end (f. H7^b).
Instructions for daily services with the scholars: Vespers and Matins are held every day. Only what is in accordance with Scripture may be sung. (f. J1^b)
Matins: held at St. Martin and St. Catharine each weekday. One of the boys shall help the cantor so that psalms may be sung in both choirs (this can't mean both churches, since there was a cantor at each; it probably refers to antiphonal singing). In the morning two boys at one place in the choir begin an antiphon, then two other boys at another place begin the proper psalm to the antiphon tone. This is sung in alternation verse by verse between the choirs in Latin with the Gloria Patri, ending with an octonarius from the psalm "Beati qui sunt integri in via etc." with the Gloria Patri, then the antiphon. The psalm should be enunciated clearly, and the next verse should not be started before the previous is ended. (f. J2^a) Shortly after the antiphon is sung a youth should make his way to the lectern to read a lesson from the Latin New Testament. The lesson is read with the tone used to read a lesson in the Matins but ended as though it was from a Prophet, that is, ending with sol sol sol la sol fa fa. "Jube Domine" or "Tu autem Domine" should not be said, but rather the reading should be prefaced with an announcement of the book and chapter: "Lectio sancti Euangelij secundum Mattheum, capite primo...." After the first boy is finished a second reads, and after the second a third, so that together they read a half or whole chapter, depending on how long the chapter is. Then a fourth youth reads the lesson in German, speaking it, not singing it, reading "nicht stamerende nicht hastich, nicht vnuorstendich, sonder bedütlick, beschedelick, distincte vnde f#yn vth dem[m] munde vorstentlick." (f. J2^b) Then the Cantor sings alone the first half verse of the Benedictus; it is sung through as usual with both choirs. After the antiphon the children fall to their knees and say "Kyrie eleison Christe eleison Kyrie eleison. Pater noster. De predicante spreke. Et ne nos. Ostende nobis Domine misericordiam tuam. Responsio, Et salutare tuum da nobis. Dominus vobiscum. Oremus cum Collecta. Rursum [{sic}], Dominus vobiscum. Dar vp singen twe kyndere Benedicamus." All this takes about a half hour. (f. J3^a)
Vespers: begins with the antiphon and psalm, as in the morning, but without the Octonarius. The four lessons are from the Old Testament. Then a hymn of Ambrose, Prudentius, etc. (f. J3^a). Then the Magnificat, sung the same was as the Benedictus. Then the Kyrie eleison, etc. On holy evenings and holy days the boys sing a psalm with a predicante (preacher). A responsory is sung between the lesson and hymn. After the Benedicamus the Nunc dimittis is sung slowly "mit eynnem[m] medio, doch sine tono" by both choirs in alternation, with the Gloria Patri. Then the hymn "Jesu redemptor seculi, verbum patris altissimi" "mit gelikem[m] sange, vnde mit eynner langen note edder pause wen eyn dimetrum vthe is, welck ock f#yn were in anderen hymnis to holden." [="mit gleichem gesang, vnd mit einer langen noten, oder pause, wenn ein dimetrum aus ist, welches auch fein were in andern Hymnis zu halten."] The boys leave after the Amen is sung. (f. J3^b)
On the evening before a Sunday catechism service the children read in turn the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Our Father, and sections on baptism and communion in Latin. Then a psalm is sung with the antiphon, then a responsory, with the small children coming together in the center of the choir and singing there verse and Gloria Patri. (f. J6^b). Then the Latin Te Deum is sung, and occasionally the organ may play, as with the Hymn and Magnificat in Vespers. Then the Kyrie eleison, Collect and Benedicamus. So that the children have time to go home before the mass, the organ must not play a long Te Deum, especially in winter. If the laity desire to go to church for this a sermon may be preached. A German Te Deum may be sung; when this occurs, the Latin one is sung before the sermon, or it may be omitted if there is pressure of time. If laity are present, a German psalm is sung after the lesson. (f. J7^a) Then the sermon follows. If there is a sermon, another German hymn is sung afterwards. Most of the people leave during this hymn. The children continue to sing the hymn and Magnificat, optionally with the organ. The responsory may be omitted because of length. (f. J8^a)
The psalm "Beati qui sunt integri" [Ps. 119] is to be divided so that it is sung completely through in three weeks. This can be done if two octonarii (with one Gloria Patri) are sung on the Sunday the psalm is begun. One is sung on the next two Sundays and on each weekday, so that by the fourth Sunday one is ready to begin again. (f. K1^a)
Order of the mass: first sing a German psalm. Then the Kyrie and Gloria in excelsis, at times in Latin. Then the Prester reads a German collect and the people answer Amen. Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Epistle. Then the children sing a Halleluia "sine caudis cum versu." Then a German song from Scripture. If there are no scholars the Halleluia is not done. On the three chief feasts the Latin sequence with the German "dar tusschen" (i.e., dazwischen) is sung after the Halleluia (see below). The Prester turns again to the people and reads the Gospel. (f. P5^b) Then the Prester turns to the altar and sings "Jck loue an eynen Got" and the people sing "Wy gelöuen al an eynen Got etc." Then the sermon on the Gospel. Then prayers for the government are bidden. When the Predicante leaves the pulpit, a German psalm or hymn (l##ed) is sung, during which those planning to commune assemble in the chancel, the women and girls on the left, the men and boys on the right. Then the Prester delivers the exhortation. Then he turns to the altar and, at the great festivals, does the proper preface, or on other Sundays if he desires, the Trinitarian preface. Then the Dominus vobiscum in Latin, then the choir sings a Latin Sanctus. (f. P6^a) The preface and Sanctus may remain even if there are no scholars, for "me wolde denne sus se gerne singen" (man will denn solches gerne singen). Then the Vater Unser, to the tone used at Osnabrück 1652 (p. 4 of notes); also copied on p. 11. Then the Words of Institution, again as in Osnabrück 1652 (see also p. 11). After the bread is consecrated the men and boys receive the Lord's body, then the women receive it, during which the people sing Jesus Christus vnse Heyland or Got sy gelauet vnde gebenedyet. (f. P8^a) Then the Prester consecrates the cup and the communicants receive it and go to their places, kneeling or standing until the final Benediction. When everyone has communed, the people sing the German Agnus Dei (see p. 11 of notes). (f. P8^b) Then the Thanksgiving is chanted (intro and final tones given, not copied). Then the Aaronic Benediction in German (f. Q1^a).
If there are no communicants: the usual service is conducted up to the sermon. After the sermon are sung the Preface, Sanctus, German Our Father, Christe du lam, a German collect for Sunday and the final blessing. (f. Q1^b)
The Scholemeystere is to make certain that the hymns are appropriate to the time. (f. Q1^b) From Christmas to Purification the Sequence "Grates nunc omnes" and the German hymn "Gelauet systu Jesu Christ" are sung: first one verse of Grates, then two of Gelobet, and likewise three times all together. Then the last Huic oportet with the last German verse. From Easter to Pentecost the Sequence "Victimae Paschali" is sung: after each verse a verse from "Christ lach in dodes banden" is sung. The hymn "Christ is vp gestanden" is sung at the beginning of the sermon. In Pentecost the Sequence "Veni sancte spiritus" is sung: after each two Latin verses a verse from the hymn "Nu bidde wy den hilgen geist" is sung. German hymns from the festivals or other hymns may be sung during Vespers in Advent, in Christmas to Purification, from Easter to Pentecost and in Pentecost by the laity when they are present and want to sing along; otherwise the scholars sing Latin hymns "wo man abends predigt": "Düdesche Hymnos in der Aduente, im[m] Wynachten bet vp Purificationis, vp paschen bet vp pynxten, im[m] pynxten, van dtn [{sic}] festen, edder sus an dere hymnos, mach me wol singen des hilgendages in der vesper, wen de leyen dar synt vnde willen mit singen, edder sus wor me des auendes prediget. Anders scholen de kyndere stedes latinische hymnos sengen." (f. Q2^a)
The Nicene Creed is set in German to the usual chant melody: GEFESGA | DAAAA.CA | GE.FGGGFAG etc. The German Glaube follows.
I don't see anything in my notes about Sunday catechism Matins (check this in Sehling). In Sehling it is noted that after the lesson the people and scholars sing a German hymn or psalm in alternation with each other: "Balde na den lectien scholen de leyen unde scholere ummeschicht singen eyn düdesch let edder eynen düdeschen psalm. Darup schal volgen de predige." (Sehling 6:1:403)
Braunschweig 1531 ([Nürnberg, 1531]) s- - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Der Erbarn Stadt Braunschwyg Christenliche Ordenung, zu dienst dem heiligen Euangelio Christlicher lieb, zucht, fride vnd eynigkeit... Durch Joan[n] Bugenhagen. Cited in Bodemann V.
A translation of the 1528 order into High German.
Braunschweig [ca. 1550] s [11/7/95] - official
Ordnung der ceremonien auf den dorfern der stadt Braunschweigk. Manuscript. See comments in the notes regarding dating. REPRINT: Sehling 6:1:473–75.
Notes from Sehling. A letter dated 17 November 1995 from Archivdirektor Dr. Manfred Garzmann of the Stadtarchiv Braunschweig states that this source cannot be dated exactly, but the style of writing and watermark indicate that it was written before 1580 (that is, in the first half of the 16th century); therefore, I have assigned it a date of [ca. 1550]. The amount of congregational participation indicated in the rubrics makes me doubt this early date, but I do not have enough evidence to date it later. The mention of "Christus, der Her, zum Jordan kam" as a catechism hymn also makes me doubt the early date, as the earliest other mention of this as a catechism hymn is in Braunschweig-Lüneburg 1564. I would certainly not base any conclusions regarding the introduction of congregational singing based on this document. Communion: (1) Pfarher sings with the Opfermann and the people "Kum heiliger Geist, Here Godt"; (2) Kyrie and Et in terra in German to Luther's setting; (3) Pfarher reads collect and Epistle; (4) Opfermann sings the Vater Unser with the people to Luther's setting; (5) Pfarher reads the five chief parts to the people; (6) Opfermann and people sing the Glaube and "Nhun pitten wir"; (7) Pfarher reads the Gospel from the pulpit and preaches the sermon; (8) Opfermann with the people sings the Sanctus "Esaie" in German; (9) Pfarher reads the exhortation to the communicants and sings the Vaterunser and Verba coene in German; (10) During the communion the Opfermann sings with the people "Jesus Christus" or "Godt sei gelobt" on alternating Sundays when there is communion; (11) Pfarher [reads] the collect and blessing; (12) Opfermann and people sing "Es wolt uná Godt genedig sein" or "Erhalt uns, Her" on alternating Fiertage.
Morning service without communion: (1) Opfermann sings with the people one of the following: "Auá tiefer Noit," "Erbarm dich mein," "Ach Godt vom himel," "Es spricht der unweysse," "Ein feste burg"; (2) Pfarher reads the collect and Epistle; (3) the people sing a catechism hymn: "Diá sind die heiligen zehen gepot," "Mensch wiltu leben," "Christus, der Her, zum Jordan kam"; (4) Pfarher reads the five chief parts to the people; (5) Opfermann sings the Glaube with the people; (6) Pfarher reads the Gospel from the pulpit and preaches the sermon; (7) the people sing the Vaterunser, or the Pfarher sings the Litany with the people (alternating Sundays); (8) Pfarher reads the collect and gives the blessing (p. 473); (9) Opfermann sings with the people "Es wolt uns Godt genedich sein" or "Erhalt uns, Her" on alternating Sundays. On the high feasts Christmas, Easter and Pentecost the hymns belonging to those days and printed in the German hymnal are sung in place of the other psalms.
Sunday and holy day afternoons: (1) Opfermann with the children and people sing the five chief parts of the catechism as set by Luther: the Vaterunser, the Glaube, the Ten Commandments, on baptism and on the sacrament of the altar; if this is too long, two may be sung one day and three the next; (2) Pfarher speaks the five chief parts and the children repeat after him, and he says the explanation to a part and the children repeat it; (3) the children are examined by the Pfarher and Opfermann, with the children pairing off two by two; (4) the Pfarher says, and the children repeat, the Benedicite, the Gratias, the morning and evening blessings and "auch die fragen, so er ihn zum selben mal aufgegeben hat" one or three more times; (5) the Opfermann and children sing "Es wolt uná Godt genedig sein" or "Erhalt uns, Her" on alternating days; (6) Pfarher says the collect and blessing. The Opfermann also holds catechism instruction on one day during the week with the children. This may be held in the Opfermann's house or the parsonage in winter when it is too cold in the church. When there is a holy day during the week catechism is held with both Pfarher and Opfermann on that afternoon. On Christmas, Easter and Pentecost the pastor holds catechism on the first day and the Opfermann the second and third days, so that catechism instruction is held all three days. (p. 474) The "Petfart" is held once during the week: Pfarher and Opfermann sing the Vater Unser with the people, then the Pfarher reads a chapter from a gospel (lect. cont.), he reads the five chief parts, the Litany is sung, and so it is not too long for the people, "einmal den halben und das ander mal den andern halben theil," concluding with the collect by the Pfarher. (p. 475)
I'm trying to get some clues on dating this source. I note that in the city of Braunschweig the Colloquium decided to eliminate the afternoon service in 1588 because of poor attendance (p. 344), but this doesn't necessarily hold for the surrounding villages. According to the notes on this source in Sehling, there are in the Stadtarchiv Braunschweig two similar orders for village services that go beyond what is contained in the 1528 KO. These are for the most part in agreement, although the younger has additions from the time of the Thirty Years War. The country clergy as well as the city were required to abide by the 1569 church order, but they were also allowed to retain ceremonies from the 1528 and 1563 orders. The version of the order in Sehling is the older one. (p. 347) It is from Stadtarchiv Braunschweig Akte B III 15 Nr. 2, fol. 290–293. (p. 473)
Braunschweig 1563 ([Braunschweig, 1563]) s [7/12/93] - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Der Erbarn Stadt Braunschweig Christlice Ordenung, zu dienst dem heiligen Evangelio... durch Johan Bugenhagen Pomer. beschrieben 1531. Cited in Graff 1:44. Wolfenbüttel: S 428.4º Helmst. (1) has the date M.D.XXXI. crossed out in manuscript on the title page and replaced with M.D.XXVIII. A translation of the 1528 order into High German.
D\er E\rbarn S\tadt | Braunôchweig Chriôtliche Orde= | nung/ zu dienôt dem heiligen Euangelio/ Chriôt= | licher lieb/ zucht/ friede vnd einigkeit/ | Auch darunter viel Chriôtli= | cher lehre für die | Bürger. | D\urch\\ J\ohan. B\ugenhagen | Pomer beôchrieben. | {M. D. XXXI.} | [Emblem: lion within a circular wreath, 50 @ 45 mm.]
%Size: 141 @ 99 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4 a–z^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 X3) %Pagination: 184 leaves
%Fingerprint: 0000 04 - b1 A2 Exem : b2 z3 r$O %Preface: `Datum Sonnabends nach Simonis & Iud‘, welcher war der XXX. Octobris, im funffzehenhundert vnd dreyvndsechzigsten Jare." The heading is `Vorrede des Raths zu Braunschweig." %Music: Our Father (r1^a–r1^b), Verba (r2^a–r3^a), Christe du Lamb Gottes (r3^a–r3^b), incipit and conclusion of Thanksgiving collect (r3^b–r4^a), German creed to a Gregorian tone (s4^a–t2^a), Glaube incipit (t2^a)
See p. 12 of the notes for the notation to the Our Father.
Braunschweig 1713 (Braunschweig, 1713) s- [7/13/93]
Aufgeweckte gute Gedancken.
A book of cantata texts.
Braunschweig-Lüneburg 1530 (Hamburg, 1530) s- [7/14/93]
Radtslach...
A monastery order, does not present an order of service.
Braunschweig-Lüneburg [1555] s [11/7/95] - cloister/parish
Reformatio coenobiorum ducatus Luneburgensis. Manuscript. A number of copies of this order exist, each one individualized for a different cloister. This version, found in the Staatsarchiv Hannover, is for the cloister at Isenhagen. REPRINT: Sehling 6:1:609–18.
Notes from Sehling.
The cloister is also the parish church (p. 610).
The mass is held every Sunday and holy day when there are communicants (p. 610). The Introit is sung, also Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra or Allein Gott (alternating Sundays), then a Collect, Epistle in German, and on Sundays "O adoranda trinitas" [footnote: stanza 8 of the sequence "Benedicta semper sancta sit trinitas," Wackernagel I:174], then the Gospel in German, then the Patrem or Glaube (alternating days), then the sermon and the common prayer. If there are communicants the exhortation is read, then the Vater Unser and Verba sung by the Priester, then the distribution, during which is sung the Sanctus and Agnus Dei or "Jesus Christus" (alternating Sundays), then the German collect "Wir danken dir" and Blessing. The usual preface may be sung on high feasts before the exhortation is read. If there are no communicants, after the sermon the Vater Unser and Verleihe uns friede are sung in German by the congregatino, closing with a German collect by the Priester. At Easter, Pentecost and Christmas the usual hymns are sung: Christ ist erstanden, Christ lag in Todesbanden, Nun bitten wir, Ein kindelein so lobelich, Dies est letitiae, In dulci jubilo, Puer natus, and the like. All women who are not incapacitated or who have official duties are required to attend the services. (p. 614)
Braunschweig-Lüneburg 1564 (Wittenberg, 1564) s [7/14/93] - official
Dess... Hochw. Fürsten... Herrn Christians... Kirchenordnung vnd Befehl: Wie es mit Christl. Lehre... Jn beiden S. F. G. Fürstenthümern, Braunschweig-Lüneb: Cellischen u. Grubenhagischen teilss... gehalten werden sol. Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:33.
K\irch\\enordnung\: | Wie es mit Chriôtlicher Lere/ reichung | der Sacrament/ Ordination der Diener des | Euangelij/ Ordentlichen Ceremo= | nien/ Viôitation/ Conôiôto= | rio vnd Schulen/ | Jm Hertzogthumb Lünenburg gehal= | ten wird. | [coat of arms, 90 @ 84 mm.] | Wittemberg. 1564. || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Wittemberg/ durch Geor= | gen Rhawen Erben. | 1564. %Size: 136 @ 97 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2A^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 2A3); B2 G1–2 Z1–3 2A1–2 italic %Pagination: 96 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1564 04 - b1 A2 en$g : b2 2A2 deita %Preface: from `Heinrich vnd Wilhelm, die Jüngern, Gebrüder Hertzogen zu Braunschweig vnd Lünenburg etc."; undated %Music: Collect (F1^a); Confession: Nim von vns HErr Gott (F1^b–F2^b); Latin `Tractus ex Psalmis" (F3^b–F4^b); Latin Credo (G1^a–G3^a); Our Father #1 (J4^a–J4^b); Verba #1 (J4^b–K1^b); Prefaces for non-festive use and for Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity (Y3^b–2A3^a)
Saturdays and holy day eves in the cities: Schüler sing 1–3 psalms with antiphon (f. E2^b), then a boy reads a lesson from the New Testament in Latin or German, then a responsory or hymn d.t., then the Magnificat in Latin or German, and where there are organs, alternating verses with the organ. Then the Priester reads a collect and the choir closes with the Benedicamus. Beicht follows. Confession may also be held on Saturday and Sunday mornings, if there are many to come, but they should be exhorted to come on Saturday if at all possible. (f. E3^a)
Sundays and holy days in the cities: Matins at 5:00, scholars sing 1–3 psalms, boy reads Epistle in Latin or German, Te deum is sung alternating Latin and German by Sundays, then the Benedictus, closing with a collect. Early Predigt is from 6:00–7:00, and may begin with a German psalm. (f. E3^b) Where there are schools the catechism is preached on. After the Predigt the Ten Commandments or the Vater Unser is sung by the people.
Mass or communion begins at 7:00. Mass vestments are to be worn if there are communicants present. (f. E4^a) First is an Introit d.t., then the Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra at times in Latin and at times in German. Then the Salutation, Collect, Epistle (G), Sequence or Alleluia "Lobet den HERrn" or "Nim HERRE Gott, von vns all vnser Sünde vnd Missethat" (F1^a). Then the Priester says "O allmechtiger Gott" or another Collect. Then a confession: "Nim von uns Herr," a collect and the Tractus "Domine non secundum peccata nostra" (f. F3^a) Then the Priester sings or reads the Gospel. Then the Patrem or Wir gleuben alle. If the Glaube is sung in German the organ does not play. (G1^a) Then the sermon. (G3^b) But before it the Vater Unser is said or "Nu bitten wir den heiligen Geist" is sung. At Christmas "Ein Kindelein so löbelich" is sung, and at Easter "Christ ist erstanden." After the sermon the people are exhorted to prayer (G4^a). Then the Preface and Sanctus (Latin by the choir or German Jesaia by the people). Then the exhortation to the sacrament follows (H2^b). Then the Vater Unser (f. J4^a) and Verba (f. J4^b). During communion is sung "Jesus Christus unser Heiland," "Gott sey gelobet," Sanctus, Agnus Dei, "Esaia dem Propheten" or another, "O Lamb Gottes," however many are needed. Then the Thanksgiving is sung. Then the Benediction. (f. K1^b)
Sunday and festival afternoons in the cities: at 1:00 is the catechism service. Begins with 1–2 German psalms or the Ten Commandments or the Vater Unser or Christ unser HErr zum Jordan kam, etc. (f. K2^b). Then the instruction (f. K3^a). For Vespers at 2:00 the Schüler sing 1–2 Latin psalms (Dixit Dominus, Confitebor, Beatus vir, Laudate pueri dominum, etc.), then a lesson, Ten Commandments, Glaube, Vater Unser in German. (f. K3^a) Then the hymn d.t. at times in Latin and at times in German. Then a Predigt on the Epistle. Then the Magnificat is sung at times in Latin and at times in German, then a Collect and Benedicamus. In villages for Vespers 1–2 German psalms are sung, followed by catechism instruction, then the Magnificat in German or the German Nunc dimittis, then closing with a Collect. (f. K3^b)
Notice: the city officials should make it clear that during the service there is to be no business of any sort conducted nor any walking around on church property (f. K4^a). Every Sunday in cities and villages before the early and afternoon services the entire German catechism is to be read to the people, also a brief form of confession (f. K4^b).
Festivals: Nativity (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday (Passionis, or leidens Christi), Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis (f. K4^b–L1^b). The service is as on Sundays, except that the Introit, Sequence and Preface d.t. are sung. Also the three hymns for Christmas (Ein Kindelein), Easter (Christ ist) and Pentecost (Nun bitten) are sung at the start of the sermon. The apostles' days are also observed one half day (L1^b).
Weekdays: services held every day in the large cities and at least Monday, Wednesday and Friday in the smaller ones. (f. L2^a) Time is 7:00 in the summer and 8:00 in the winter. The Schüler go "auff den Chor" and sing 1–2 Latin psalms. Then a German psalm, then the sermon, then a brief German psalm, then a collect. On Wednesdays or Fridays the Litany is sung after the sermon: the Prediger or Caplan singt vor and the entire church answers. At tims the "Nim von vns HERRE Gott" or the "Tractus, Domine non secundum peccata" may be sung (see above). (f. L2^b)
In the villages: Saturday afternoons and holy day eves at 2:00 is Vespers. The Pfarherr and Custos sing a psalm in German, then either "O lux beata" or "Christe qui lux" in German or a good hymn according to the time is sung, then the Magnificat in German, the Collect and the Benedicamus. Then confession. (f. L3^b)
A weekday Predigt is held in the villages either on Wednesday or on Friday, and the Litany is sung. (f. L4^a)
Order for Mass in the villages: the Pfarherr and Custos sing a German psalm if the Introit is too difficult. Then the German Kyrie and Allein Gott in der Höh. Then the Priester turns to the people and speaks or sings: Der HERR sey mit euch. The Custos answers: Vnd mit deinem Geiste. Then the Collect. (f. L4^b) Then he reads or sings the Epistle in German. Then a German psalm. Then he reads or sings the Gospel. Then the entire church sings Wir gleuben all. Then the sermon, at the beginning of which the entire catechism is read word for word, and the Gospel is read again. Then the prayers. (f. M1^a) Several times a year the people should be exhorted to remain for the rest of the service. Then the Pfarherr begins to sing a psalm from the pulpit. On high feasts a German preface may be sung. Then the exhortation. Then the Pfarherr sings the Vater Unser and Verba. Then Jesus Christus unser Heiland is sung during the communion. If necessary, also Gott sey gelobet, Ich dancke dem HERRN, O Lamb Gottes, Christe du Lamb Gottes. (f. M1^b) Then the Thanksgiving and Benediction. If there are no communicants, the Litany is sung after the sermon, followed by the Benediction. Finally is sung Erhalt vns HERR and Verleih uns Friede. (f. M2^a)
On Sunday afternoon in the villages is a catechism service, at which is sung "Dis sind die heiligen zehen Gebot" and "Vater unser im Himmelreich." (f. M2^b)
The prefaces for high feasts, with notation, are found at the end of the order.
Braunschweig-Lüneburg 1574 s [11/7/95] - cloister
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 6:1:619–23.
Notes from Sehling. The heading in Sehling is "Klosterordnung des Herzogs Wilhelm d. J. für das Fürstentum Lüneburg." Notes that many offices are sung in the cloister "in den sieben zeiten": Matins, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline. But these are done more out of habit than out of devotion. It is therefore order that Matins heretofore be observed at 4:00 in summer and at 5:00 in winter rather than at midnight, and that no more than three Latin and one German psalm and two lessons (one a half or third of a chapter from the New Testament), with the collect and whatever else is usual, be sung and read. On festivals four Latin and two German psalms and three lessons may be done, one a half or whole chapter from the New Testament. The German lessons are done lectio continua in the New Testament. (p. 620) After Matins Prime and Terce are sung, each with one Latin and one German psalm and collect. Sext and None are sung together in winter and summer at 8:00, and in each two Latin and one German psalm and collect are sung. Vespers and Compline are held at the usual time: in Vespers three psalms and a hymn, the Magnificat, collect and Benedicamus are sung, and in Compline a psalm, the hymn "Christe, der du bist tag und licht" in German and a collect. In all offices only what is Christian may be sung, and not anything that calls on dead saints.
On high feasts (Christmas, Easter and Pentecost) are sung the usual hymns: Ein kindelein, Gelobet seiest du, Von himmel hoch, In dulci jubilo, Puer natus, Dies est laetitiae, Christ ist erstanden, Christ lag in dodes banden, Khum heiliger Geist, and the like.
In the mass the "[Et] in terra" and Patrem (Wir glauben) are sung in German, with German psalms, the congregation singing along. ("In der mess sollen sie das: In terra etc. und Patrem, das ist: Wir glauben all an einen Gott, teutsch und teutsche psalmen der gemein helfen mitsingen, aber auáerhalb des weder feiertag noch wergtage messe singen.") A chapter from an epistle is read during meals. (p. 621)
Braunschweig-Lüneburg 1598 (1598) s [7/14/93] - official
Dess... Hochw. Fürsten... Herrn Christians... Kirchenordnung vnd Befehl: Wie es mit Christl. Lehre... Jn beiden S. F. G. Fürstenthümern, Braunschweig-Lüneb: Cellischen u. Grubenhagischen teilss... gehalten werden sol. Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:33.
K\irchenordnun~g: | Wie es mit Chriôtlicher Lere/ | reichung der Sacrament/ Ordination der Die= | ner des Euangelij/ Ordentlichen Ceremonien/ | Viôitation/ Conôiôtorio vnd | Schulen/ | Jm Hertzogthumb Lünenburgk | gehalten wird. | [coat of arms, 94 @ 85 mm.] | Vlôôen. 1598. || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Vlôôen/ bey | Michel Kröner. | 1598.
%Size: 135 @ 93 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2A^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); G1 G3 Z1–3 2A1–3 italic; X2 signed Y2, 2A3 signed A3 %Pagination: 96 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1598 04 - b1 A2 tige : b2 2A3 ne %Preface: as in 1564 %Music: Collect (F2^b); Confession: Nim von vns HErr Gott (F3^a–F4^a); Latin `Tractus ex Psalmis" (G1^a–G2^a); Latin Credo (G2^b–G4^b); Our Father #1 (K1^a); Verba #1 (K1^b–K2^a); Prefaces for non-festive use and for Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity (Y4^a–2A3^b)
A reprint of the 1564 edition.
Braunschweig-Lüneburg 1619 (Celle, 1619) s [7/16/93] - official Dess... Hochw. Fürsten... Herrn Christians... Kirchenordnung vnd Befehl: Wie es mit Christl. Lehre... Jn beiden S. F. G. Fürstenthümern, Braunschweig-Lüneb: Cellischen u. Grubenhagischen teilss... gehalten werden sol. Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:33. Bodemann: replaces Duke Wilhelm's orders of 1564 and 1598. Graff: much enlarged and reworked from the 1598 KO; for example, the order of the Sunday service makes a break after the sermon, with the communion service in a separate section.
%Size: 138 @ 96 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: (:)–2(:)^4 3(:)^2, A–3Z^4; $1–3 signed (–(:)1 3(:)2 C2 2N3 3R3); 2M2–3 2N1–2 2R2 2V1–2 2Y1–3 roman; Z3 2A2 2T2–3 2V3 2X2–3 3D2 3J2 3K2 3L3 3M3 3O3 3P2–3 3R2 3V2–3 3X2–3 with roman numerals; 2(:)2 signed 2(:) %Pagination: 286 leaves: pp. [{20}] 1–548 [{4}] (misnumbering 51 as 81, 122 as 322, 329 as 32, 335 as 325, 397 as 497, 527 as 526)
%Fingerprint: 1619 04 - a1 (:)3 racht$ : a2 3(:) llen/$zuve - b1 A t : b2 3Z3 n$mög %Preface: from `Christian, Erwöhlter Bischoff des Stiffts Minden, Hertzog zu Braunschweig, vnd Lüneburg, etc." and `Publicirt, den ersten Octobris, Jm Jahre nach Christi vnsers Erlösers, vnd Seligmachers Geburt, ein tausent, secháhundert, vnd Neuntzehenden." %Music: Collect (2C1^a), `Nim von vns Herr Gott" (2C1^b–2C2^b), `Tractus ex Psalmis: Domine non secundum peccata nostra" (2C3^b–2C4^b), Latin Credo (2D1^a–2D3^a), Latin Prefaces for ordinary use and for the six chief festivals (2M1^b–2N4^b), German Preface for ordinary use (2O1^a–2O3^b), Our Father (2Q1^a–2Q1^b), Verba (2Q2^a–2Q2^b)
The liturgical prescriptions are exactly as in 1564, but the communion office beginning with the Preface is now separated from the remainder of the service.
Braunschweig-Lüneburg 1643 (Lüneburg, 1643) r [7/16/93]
Dess... Hochw. Fürsten... Herrn Christians... Kirchenordnung vnd Befehl: Wie es mit Christl. Lehre... Jn beiden S. F. G. Fürstenthümern, Braunschweig-Lüneb: Cellischen u. Grubenhagischen teilss... gehalten werden sol. Wiederumb in Druck gegeben. Cited in Graff 1:33.
%Size: 158 @ 118 mm. ()(2)
%Fingerprint: 1643 04 - a1 )(2 n : a2 2)( nd$ - b1 A $ : b2 3K hor
A reprint of the 1619 order.
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1543 (Wittenberg, 1543) s [7/13/93] - official
Corvinus, Anton. Christlike Kerken-Ordeninge, im lande Brunschwig, Wulffenbüttels deles. Cited in Graff 1:44. The Wolfenbüttel catalog attributes this to Corvinus. Graff: by Bugenhagen and Corvinus; dependent on Braunschweig 1528 and Schleswig-Holstein 1542. A note in the Wolfenbüttel copy gives Antonius Corvinus as author.
Chriôtlike K\erken= | O\rdening\e/ im lan= | de B\runôchwig\/ | W\ulffenbüt= | tels deles. | [flower pointing down and to the left] | M. D. {XLIII.} | Wittemberg. || [Colophon:] G\edrückt tho W\it= | temberch\\: dorch\\ G\eorg\en R\haw. | M. D. {XLIII.}
%Size: 144 @ 91 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–X^4 Y^6; $1–3 signed (–A1 +Y4–5) %Pagination: 90 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1543 04 - b1 A2 bro : b2 Y4 edel$M %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: German Benedictus (M1^b–M3^b), Kyrie eleison (M3^b), Our Father (N3^b–N4^a), Verba (N4^b–O1^b), German Agnus dei (P2^a), Incipit and termination for German Thanksgiving collect (O2^b), Termination for German benediction (O2^b), German Sanctus (O4^a), `Verleih uns Frieden" (T1^a), German Magnificat (T2^a–T3^b), German Nunc dimittis (T3^b–T4^a)
Weekday services in the schools: begin at 8:00 or 9:00. Two of the children begin the antiphon, then the others in two choirs alternate verses, singing three psalms all together (or fewer, if the Pastor does not want to burden the children with long psalms). Then the children sing an Octonarius from the psalm Beati immaculati, then a Gloria patri and antiphon. Then the children in the cities read a lesson from the New Testament in Latin. (f. K4^a) Tone as in the 1528 order, with the same ending; three boys all together, followed by a fourth translating it. Then the Benedictus with antiphon. The children fall to their knees and say the Kyrie eleison and Pater Noster. Then a Predicante says "Ostende nobis Domine misericordiam tuam"; the choir answers "Et salutare tuum da nobis." "Dominus vobiscum" with a collect. The children sing "Benedicamus Domino," etc. (f. K4^b) Vespers (2:00 or 3:00 P.M.) - three or fewer psalms, in the tone of the antiphon, but without octonarius. Then a lesson from the Old Testament. Then a pure hymn, then the Magnificat with antiphon. Closing as in Matins. In holy day Vespers as on ordinary days, except that after the lesson the responsory for the holy day is sung with the verse and Gloria Patri. Then the hymn for the day (if it is pure), then two or three children sing the Latin Litany, then a collect and Benedicamus. The German Litany may be sung once a week after the sermon, so that the entire congregation may benefit. (f. L1^a)
In Sunday Matins the children first read quietly the Latin catechism verse by verse in two choirs. (C1^b) Then a Matins psalm is sung in Latin with an antiphon. Then the lesson, as usual. Then a responsory with the verse and Gloria Patri. Then a German psalm led by the Schoolmaster. Then the sermon on the catechism. Then the children sing (on alternate Sundays) the Te deum in Latin or the Quicunque vult with the antiphon Adesto Deus unus. Then the Prester reads a collect, then the Benedicamus.
In the Vespers for a Sunday or festival, after the hymn the entire church sings with the scholars the German Te Deum, verse by verse, as arranged by Dr. Luther. Then the sermon. Then the entire church sings the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis, then the collect and Benedicamus. The Kerckhere (pastor) may ask the Schoolmaster to shorten the singing if it would go so long as to hinder the sermon. (f. L3^b)
Order for Mass: first the Schoolmaster sings the German Benedictus with the children and the entire congregation (notation given, see p. 12 of notes). (f. M1^a) The organ should not be played for the Benedictus, so that the people become accustomed to the words of Holy Scripture. Then a German psalm or hymn is sung from the Holy Scripture, as in the hymnal of Dr. Luther. The Kyrie is done three times, without ("ane") the organ (see p. 12 of notes). For festivals the scholars may sing a figural Kyrie (f. M3^b), provided that the singing and organ playing does not last so long that the sermon is hindered. Two or at most three good pieces of figural music are enough, for the people must also have time to praise God with their own song, especially during the communion: "Twe gude stücke edder thom högesten dre, in figuratiuis, sind vp eine tidt genoch, dat dat volck ock rhum hebbe, Got mit sange tho lauende, besundergen vnder der Communion, alse Christus secht, Sülck doht tho myner gedechtnisse." During the psalm or hymn the Prester goes to the altar, kneels with the Cöster, and prays for himself, for the people, and for all Christendom, that is, Our Father, &c. The Cöster says Amen. "Domine non secundum peccata nostra &c." The Cöster: "Neq[ue] secundum iniquitates nostras &c." "Domine ne memineris &c." The Cöster: "Cito anticipent &c." "Adiuua nos Deus &c." The Cöster: "Et propicius esto &c." Then the Prester stands and goes to the altar (isn't he already there?) and prepares to sing and read.
After the Kyrie the Prester sings "Gloria in excelsis Deo." The scholars answer, singing "Et in terra pax, hominibus bona voluntas," nothing more. (Interesting change in the text: it isn't "bonae voluntatis"—I suspect this was done for theological reasons.) Then the entire church sings "Alleine Got in der höged sy ehr etc." all the way through. Then the scholars sing "vnd orgeln vordan" "Laudamus te, Benedicimus te, etc." Then "Dominus vobiscum" or "De Here sy mit jw." (f. M4^a) The Prester says "Lat vns beden" and reads the Collect in German, and the people answer Amen. Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Epistle in German, speaking it if he cannot sing it (but it is preferable to sing it): "...vnd lest de Epistel Düdescher sprake, so he nicht singen kan. Sus is id lustiger, dat men de Epistel düdesch singe, alse men de latinischen plag tho singen, Dar scholen sick de Prester gerna na vliten, so se könen." Then the children sing the Latin verse, but without the many notes that are placed on the end [i.e., the jubilus of the Alleluia]. Then the people sing with the scholars a German psalm according to Scripture. The Sequences and Proses are sung only in chief festival seasons: from Christmas to Purification, "Grates nunc omnes" with its German hymn "Gelauet systu" sung between it; from Easter to Pentecost "Victim‘ Pascali" with its German hymn "Christ lag in todes banden" sung between it; during Pentecost "Veni sancte Spiritus" with its German hymn "Nu bidden wy." (f. M4^b) Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Gospel in German. "Singen na der Latinischen wyse, is lustiger, Alse van der Epistel gesecht is." Then he turns again to the altar and sings "Credo in unum Deum." The scholars sing in Latin "Patrem omnipotentem, Domincaliter" to the end, then the congregation sings "Wy gelouen, al an einen Got." Then the sermon is delivered. Then the Prester prepares the bread and wine, and the communicants come to the altar, the men on the right and the women and girls on the left. Then the Prester turns to the people and reads an exhortation to the sacrament (f. N1^a). At times one may read Luther's paraphrase of the Our Father before the exhortation (f. N2^b). Then the Prester turns to the altar and sings the Our Father (as in Braunschweig 1528, p. 11 of notes). Then he consecrates the bread (likewise, p. 11 of notes). Then the people commune, the men first, during which the people sing "Jhesus Christus vnse Heiland" or "Got sy gelauet vnd gebenediet" or the psalm Confitebor in German. At times other hymns may be sung: "Nu frowet jw" and other psalms and hymns from the festivals. The communicants are not dismissed so that Christ's words may remain in their ears. Then the Prester consecrates the cup (same melody). (f. O1^a) Then the communicants receive the cup and return to their places, kneeling or standing (f. O1^b) through the final Benediction; meanwhile the singing continues until all have communed. If there are many communicants, both elements may be consecrated together, with the bread being distributed on one side and the wine on another, with a Predicante dressed in "gemeinen klederen" assisting. When all have returned to their seats, the congregation sings the German Agnus Dei (the usual notation given). (f. O2^a) Then the Collect is chanted: "Wy dancken dy almechtige Here Got...." Then the Prester turns around and blesses the people (Aaronic Benediction). (f. O2^b)
If there are no communicants, the service is the same through the sermon. After the sermon one or more hymns are sung, a Collect is read and the Benediction (without Mass vestments) is given. On holy days in the villages if there are no communicants the Kerckhere or Cöster sings the German Litany so that the people become accustomed to it. Then a German collect follows and the Benediction, and the people answer Amen. (f. O3^a)
On festivals in cities with schools a Latin Introit may be sung (according to Scripture), and the Prester may sing the Latin Preface for Christmas, Easter and Pentecost, and for other feasts the "Prefatio de sancta Trinitate" (which preface was written against the Arians). Other prefaces are unnecessary. After the Preface the entire church sings the German Sanctus (see notes. p. 12). (f. O3^b) This German Sanctus may be sung other times or always during the communion, along with other hymns. After the Sanctus the Latin Preface is sung, but the Exhortation may be omitted so that the service is not too long. Then the Our Father and the Verba are sung. (f. O4^b)
There are Schulmeister that have no musical ability and do not have good cantors with them. They think it is a wonderful thing to sing German words to Latin melodies or to sing a German preface with the Dominus vobiscum, etc. in German. Sometimes the change works, as when the entire congregation sings the German Magnificat to the tonus peregrinus. But the unlearned schoolmasters simply make word to word translations from the Latin and attempt to sing them to the Latin melodies. Cites Thomas Müntzer as an example: "Wedderumme vindet men nu ock etlike Euangelische Predicanten, vnd etlike Scholemeistere, de gantz vngeschickt sind thor Musica, welcke jo nicht Scholemeistere scholden syn (so se nicht gude Musicos Cantores by sick hebben) [f. P1^b] de gar nein vorstant hebben, wat wol edder öuel klinget, Desüluigen laten sick gedüncken, id sy kostel ding, allen guden latinischen sang düdesch mit der latinischen noten tho singende, richten also keckel Sanck an, Wenn se ere düdesche praefatio (welck doch nicht van nöden is) singen mit dem Dominus vobiscum, Sursum corda &c. düdesch. Etlick gesang mach vellichte wol geraden, als wenn wy dat düdesche Magnificat singen, im tono peregrino, welck doch de gantze Kercke eindrechtig mit singen kan, Dat meiste önerst geredt öuel, dar fülcke vngeschickede Sanckmeistere alles vth dem latinischen, van worden tho worden düdesch maken, vnd setten darup de latinischen langen noten, richten also an ein lang vordretlick, ha, ha, ha, he, he, he, etc. dat yd vnlustich is fülck hulent anthohörende, dar sick de Scholekindere mit den gesellen drengen thom boke, vnd nemand weth wat se singen, wo scholde denn dat volck mit singen? Thomas Müntzer vnder den vprörigen Buren, richtede allererst fülcke vnlustige kunst an, vnd leth düdesche Sanckboke drucken, makede düdesch, na syner lere, vnd na synem gevallen, vordüdeschede in synem Te Deum, Aperuisti credentibus, den vtherweleden, wente he mochte nicht lyden solck düdesch, Credentibus, den gelöuigen, Wente he wisede mit syner Ceren de Lüde vam gewissen, dat is, vam gelouen, vpt vngewisse, dat is, vp de Erwelinge edder Versehin[f. P2^a]ge Gades etc. Sülcke vnlustige Sanckmeistere laten sick gedüncken, yd sy vnrecht vnd sunde, etwat tho tyden Latin tho singende, Se holden, dat me ock dat Kyrie eleison mote düdesch maken, Tho left, werden se ock nicht lyden dat Amen vnd Hosianna, welcke spraken wy doch scholen eheren, dewile vns Got in den spraken de hilge Schrifft gegeuen hefft, Vnd men kan de Leyen in einem worde wol leren, wat Amen het vnd Hosianna vnd Kyrie eleison, dat yd nicht van nöden is, fülcke worde düdesch tho singende. Mit sülcker wyse mosten wy vpt nye Chor Scholere wedder meden, vnd laten dat volck in Gades laue stille swigen, Wy vorordenen ouerst, na CHRJstus beuehele (Sülck doht tho myner gedechtnisse) dat dat volck, wenn wy thosamende kamen, tho CHRistus Auentmale, singe vnd laue Got, vor syne vnvthsprecklike gnade in CHRJsto, mit Psalmen vnd geistliken Gesengen, dartho düdesch gemaket. Darumme, so etwas schal düdesch gemaket werden, so late men id maken, nicht fülcken koppen, vnuorstendigen vnd vnlustigen Meisteren, sunder den jennen, de sunderlich vorstand, vnd Gades gaue dar tho hebben, dat vnse Kercken im Nachtmale CHRisti lustich vnd frölick lauen mögen vnsen leuen Heren Jesum Christum, Amen." (f. P1^a–P2^a)
Other services: mornings on Sundays and festivals the catechism is preached on, then the Gospel is read. In the afternoon the Epistle is preached on; the scholars attend this. (f. P2^b) There are also catechism services on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday four times a year: the first two weeks in Advent, the first two weeks in Quadragesima, two weeks in Rogation and two weeks in the autumn. (f. P3^a)
Festivals: three chief festivals (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (if this should come during Holy Week it is observed on the Saturday before Palmarum), Ascension, Visitation (f. Q2^a), John the Baptist, Michaelis, Mary Magdalene (observed the following Sunday), St. Laurenz (observed the following Sunday). Days of apostles, martyrs and saints may be commemorated along with the Sunday Gospel (f. Q2^b).
Midday services at 11:00 prayers Pro Pace, for the peace, for the government and against the Turks are held. This is not a church service, but is observed wherever people are. People at home should sing Verleih uns Frieden (notation not copied). (f. S4^b–T1^a)
The German Magnificat and Nunc dimittis appear notated on f. T2^a–T4^a to the tones used in the ELKG (not copied).
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1567 (Wolfenbüttel, 1567) s-
Ein kurtz underricht...
Form to be used when distributing the communion.
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1569 (Wolfenbüttel, 1569) s [11/6/95] - official
Chemnitz, Martin and Jacob Andreae. Kirchenordnung unser, von Gottes genaden Julii, herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg etc. Wie es mit lehr und ceremonien unsers fürstenthumbs Braunschweig, Wulffenbütlischen theils, auch derselben kirchen anhangenden sachen und verrichtungen hinfurt (vermittelst göttlicher gnaden) gehalten werden sol. Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:34, 44. Graff: by Chemnitz and Andreae, dependent on the Württemberg KO of 1559 and in the liturigcal portions mostly on the Lüneburg KO of 1564; the last 25 collects are from the Agende of Herzog Heinrich, 1555 edition. On p. 44 Graff calls this the `Kalenberger KO." Bodemann: Göttingen, Hannover, Nordheim and Hameln retained their own agendas. Bodemann calls this the KO of Julius.
Notes from Sehling.
Saturdays and holy day eves in cities: in the cities Vespers is sung at the usual time, the scholars singing 1–3 psalms and an antiphon from the Sunday or festival. Then a boy reads a lesson from the New Testament or the Ten Commandments, Glaube and Vater Unser, at times in Latin and at times in German. Then a pure responsory or hymnus d.t. (p. 141), Magnificat (at times in Latin and at times in German) alternating verses with the organ if there is one, then Priester reads a collect, and the choir closes with the Benedicamus. Then confession; if there are many communicants, confession may also be held on Saturday morning after the sermon and on Sunday after the early sermon. But the people should be exhorted to come on Saturday evening so that the Kirchendiener are not overwhelmed.
Matins or Early Sermon on Sundays and holy days in cities: Matins is rung after 5:00 and the scholars sing 1–3 psalms with the antiphon for the day. Then a boy reads the Sunday Epistle in Latin or German. Then the Te Deum is sung alternating Sundays in Latin and German, then the Benedictus, closing with a collect by the priest or deacon. At 6:00 the early sermon is held until 7:00; before the sermon a German psalm from Luther's hymnal may be sung. In cities and where there are schools the catechism is the text for the sermon. After the early sermon the Ten Commandments or the Vater Unser etc. is sung by the people ("durch das Volk"). If there are no scholars the Matins may be omitted, but before the sermon one or two German psalms are sung.
Mass or Communion in cities: rung at 7:00 when the early service is ended. (p. 142) Mass vestments are to be worn, with fine cloths and candles on the altar. An Introit d.t. is sung, then the Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra at times in Latin and at times in German. Then the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sey mit euch." The people answer "Und mit deinem geist." Then he turns to the altar and sings a collect d.t.f., the people answering "Amen." Then he turns to the people and sings or reads the Epistle in German. Then a pure Sequence, Alleluia or Tract is sung, so that the scholars receive practice in Latin Gesang; or a psalm from Luther's hymnal is sung instead, with which the congregation sings along. Then the Priester reads the Gospel in German facing the people. Then the Patrem or Glaube is sung. When the Glaube is sung in German the organ is not played. (p. 143) Then the sermon: the Gospel is reread, and before the sermon the people are exhorted to prayer, a Vater Unser is said or sung: "Nu bitten wir den heiligen Geist." ("Darauf soll man ein Vater unser sprechen oder singen: Nu bitten wir den heiligen Geist.") At the end of the sermon is the Öffentliche Beicht and absolution. (p. 144) Then exhortation to prayer (p. 145) At times the Prediger should exhort the people that they are to remain in the church during the common prayer and communion. After the sermon the communicants assemble in the Chor. If there is time on festivals the festival preface is sung in the cities. Then the exhortation to the communicants. (p. 146) Then the Priester sings the Vater Unser and Verba. The Elevation is omitted. Towels are used for the communion. During the communion is sung "Jesus Christus unser heiland," "Gott sey gelobet," the Sanctus, the Agnus Dei, "Esaia dem propheten" or another hymn or "O lamb Gottes unschüldig," as many as are necessary to cover the time. After the communion the Thanksgiving collect is sung (p. 149), then the Benediction. If there are no communicants the Prediger should exhort the people to commune more frequently. After the sermon the Litany is sung, then the Preister reads a collect, then the Benediction, then "Erhalt uns, Herr" and "Verleihe uns Frieden" are sung.
Sundays and high festival afternoons in cities: boys and girls are to attend catechism instruction before Vespers. At 1:00 a small bell is rung, and the scholars read the catechism, beginning with 1–2 German psalms being sung, or the Ten Commandments, the Vater Unser or "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam," and the like. The other children and Gesinde in the church are to learn to sing along. Then the Prediger or Diacon quizzes the children, who learn Luther's catechism and explanation word for word. If the Prediger cannot hold catechism on Sunday, it may be held on a weekday. If on Sunday, Vespers is rung after the Kinderpredigt or otherwise at 2:00. The scholars sing 1–2 Latin psalms (in psalter order), then the lesson, Ten Commandments, Glaube and Vater Unser etc. in German. Then the Hymnus d.t. is sung at times in German and at times in Latin. Then the sermon on the Epistle for the day or another text from an epistle. (p. 150) Then the Magnificat is sung at times in German and at times in Latin, then a collect and Benedicamus. In villages catechism is held at 1:00, beginning with a psalm or two in German, then the catechism instruction. Then the Prediger may explain a part of the catechism to the adults. Then the Magnificat or Nunc dimittis may be sung in German, closing with a collect. The Pastores should exhort the people to attend church with their servants and children. In cities and villages before the early and afternoon Predigt the entire catechism is read distinctly, plus a brief form of confession.
Festivals or holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (p. 151), Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, Corpus Christi is abolished, John the Baptist, Visitation, Assumption is abolished, Michaelis (Te Deum is sung after the Epistle). Lessons, Gesenge, Predigten and communion as on ordinary Sundays, except that the Introit, Sequence and Preface d.t. (i.e., d.f.) are sung, as are the old German hymns for Christmas (Ein kindelein), Easter (Christ ist erstanden) and Pentecost (Nun bitten wir). The Prediger sings these hymns from the pulpit with the people. Apostles' days are also observed with morning sermons in cities and villages (half day observances). (p. 152)
Weekdays: in large cities a sermon is held daily, and in smaller cities at least two or three sermons are held (on Monday, Wednesday and Friday), in summer at 7:00 and in winter at 8:00, or at a convenient time. The scholars go to the Chor and sing one or two Latin psalms. Then a German psalm, then the sermon. The sermon with the Gesang and prayer is not to last more than an hour. After the sermon a brief German psalm is sung, then a collect. On Wednesday or Friday in cities and villages the Litany is sung. The lessons for the Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene and the Beheading of John may be moved to the following Sunday. During Lent the Passion is preached on during weekday sermons. (p. 153)
Saturdays and holy day eves in villages: the Custos rings for Vespers at 2:00. The Pfarherr and Custos sing a German psalm "fein verstendlich," then the hymn "O lux beata" or "Christe, qui lux es et dies" in German or a good Christian Gesenge related to the day, then the Magnificat in German and the collect and Benedicamus, then "Erhalt uns, Herr." Then confession.
A sermon is held in villages once a week on Wednesday or Friday, at which the Litany is sung. (p. 154) A catechism sermon is held on Friday. The Betglocken are rung in the evening, in the morning, and at midday.
Mass or communion in villages: the Pfarherr and Custos begin with a German psalm if the Introit is too difficult for them to sing. Then the German Kyrie and Allein Gott. Then the Priester turns to the people and says or sings "Der Herr sey mit euch," the Custos answering "Und mit deinem geiste." Then the Collect facing the altar. Then the Priester turns to the people and reads or sings the Epistle in German. Then a German psalm is sung, then the Pfarrherr reads or sings the Gospel, then he turns to the altar and sings "Wir gleuben all an einen Gott," and the entire church sings it. Then the sermon, before which the entire catechism is read word for word and after which the common prayer is said. Several times a year the people should be exhorted to remain for communion. After the sermon the Pfarherr begins to sing a German psalm from the pulpit. On high feasts a German Preface may be sung [from the pulpit?!]. Then the exhortation, as above. Then the Pfarherr sings the Vater Unser and Verba from the altar. Then "Jesus Christus" is sung, during which the people commune. If there are many communicants other hymns may also be sung, such as "Gott sey gelobet," "Ich danke dem Herrn" and lastly "O lamb Gottes unschüldig" or "Christe, du lamb Gottes." Then the Pfarherr speaks the collect "Wir danken dir." (p. 155) Then the Benediction. If there are no communicants the people should be exhorted to commune more frequently. After the sermon the Litany is sung, then the Blessing, "Erhalt uns, Herr" and "Verleihe uns fried." The Priester wears mass vestments for the mass, and candles are used on the altar.
Sunday and holy day afternoons in villages: "Diá sind die heiligen zehen gebott" or "Vater unser im himelreich" is sung at the catechism service. If such a service is not possible, every Sunday after the sermon and before communion and every Wednesday morning after the sermon a part of Luther's Small Catechism is read word for word. (p. 156)
Baptisms are preferably held in public services, generally immediately after morning or afternoon services before the people leave. It is an evil practice that some parents wait one, two, three or more weeks to have a child baptized, since the child is harmed through this and may die unbaptized, therefore the parents are to bring their children for baptism immediately. ("Nachdem auch bey etlichen ein böser brauch, das sie [die Eltern] allein umb des gefreá oder prachts willen die kindertaufe biá in die acht, vierzehen tage, dritt und mehr wochen verziehen, dardurch die kinder versaumpt und etwa ungetauft dahinsterben, sollen hinfuro die eltern ihre kinder unverzogenlich zur heiligen taufe befürdern und derhalben kein mangel an ihnen erscheinen lassen.") (p. 156)
At the end of the agenda is musical notation for the prefaces for ordinary Sundays, Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost and Trinity (notation not reprinted in Sehling) (p. 180–81).
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1615 (Helmstedt, 1615) s [1/26/93] - official
KirchenOrdnung, Vnnser, von Gottes Genaden, Julij, Hertzogen zu Braunschweig vnd Lüneburg, etc. Wie es mit Lehr vnd Ceremonien vnsers Fürstenthumbs Braunschweig, Wolffenbütlischen Theils... gehalten werden soll. Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:34, 44. Graff: nearly identical to the 1569 order.
KirchenOrdnung/ | Vnnôer/ von | Gottes Genaden/ | Julij/ Hertzogen zu | Braunôchweig vnd Lüneburg/ etc. Wie | es mit Lehr vnd Ceremonien vnôers Fürôten= | thumbs Braunôchweig/ Wolffenbütliôchen Theils/ Auch | derôelben Kirchen angangenden Sachen vnd Verrich= | tungen/ hinfort (vermittelôt Göttlicher | Gnaden) gehalten wer= | den soll. | [short ornamental rule] | Helmôtadt/ | Gedruckt durch Jacobum Lucium/ | in verlegung Melchior Behms/ | [rule] | Anno 1615. || [Colophon:] Helmôtadt/ | Gedruckt durch Jacobum Lucium/ in | verlegung Melchior Behmen/ Anno | [rule] | 1615.
%Size: 145 @ 116 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: a–b^4, A–3R^4 3S^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 3S2); P1 2K1–2L3 roman %Pagination: 250 leaves: pp. [{116}] 1–171 [172] 173–399 [{9}] (misnumbering 16 as 6, 356 as 653; number 372 set upside down) %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b engraved portrait of Herzog Julius of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, dated 1569, a2^a–b4^b preface, A1^a–N1^b Corpus doctrin‘, N2^a table of contents to Corpus doctrin‘, N2^b blank, N3^a–3R2^a Agenda, oder KirchenOrdnung, 3R2^b–3S2^a table of contents to Agenda, 3S2^b blank %Fingerprint: 1615 04 - a1 a2 /$D : a2 b3 rder - b1 A me : b2 3S en/$v %Preface: `Von Gottes Gnaden, Wir Julius, Hertzog zu Braunschweig vnd Lüneburgk, &c." ... `Datum Wolffenbüttel, Den ersten Tag Ianuarij, Anno &c. 1569." %Music: Collect (O3^a), Latin Credo (O3^b–P1^a), Our Father #1 (Q4^b–R1^a), Verba #1 (R1^a–R2^a), Prefaces for ordinary use and for the six chief festivals (2J3^b–2L3^a)
Order of service for the cities for `Sonnabendts, vnd andere heilige Abend, vnd Feyertage, nach Mittag" (p. 5): the Schüler sing one, two or three psalms, with the antiphon from the Sunday or festival day. (p. 5) A boy then reads a lesson from the New Testament `oder aber die Zehen Gebot, Glauben, vnd Vater vnser" sometimes in Latin, sometimes in German. Then the Responsorium or Hymnus de Tempore, then the Magnificat (sometimes Latin, sometimes German), `Vnd da Orgeln sind, ein Verá vmd den andern auff der Orgel geschlagen werden" (i.e., alternatim). Then the priest reads a collect, and the choir concludes with the Benedicamus Domino. After Vespers the priest hears the confession of those wanting to commune the next day. Other times are also mentioned when many are to commune. (p. 6)
Order of service for ordinary Sundays and holy days, "vor der Metten, oder Früe Predigt": bells ring at 5:00 (or at whatever time is customary in the city), then the Schüler sing one, two or three psalms, with the antiphon for the Sunday or holy day. (p. 6) Then a boy reads the Epistle for the Sunday in Latin or German. Then the Te deum is sung, one Sunday in Latin, the next in German. Then the Benedictus, and the priest or deacon closes with a collect. Then the Früe Predigt begins at 6:00 (lasting until 7:00). A German psalm from Luther's hymnal may be sung before the Predigt. In cities with schools, the sermon shall be on the catechism (read straight through from week to week), and the part to be preached on shall be read before the sermon. After the Predigt the people ("das Volck") sing the Ten Commandments or the Vater Unser. If there are no scholars, Matins may be omitted, but one or two German psalms are sung before the sermon.
"Von der Messe, oder Communion": at the conclusion of the first Predigt and Gesang, the bell for mass should be rung (at 7:00). (p. 7) [next come instructions for vestments, candles, etc.] Then follows "einen Introitum de tempore, darauff das Kyrie eleison, vnd Gloria in excelsis, Jtem, Et in terra pax, zu zeiten Lateinisch, zu zeiten Deutsch singen." Then the priest turns to the people and sings: "Der HERR sey mit euch." (p. 8) The people answer: "Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then the priest turns again to the altar and sings a collect "de Tempore oder Festo, oder die sich zu der Materie schicken" to the following tone (see notes, p. 7); the people respond "Amen." (p. 9) The priest turns again to the people and sings or reads the Epistle in German. After the Epistle a sequence or Alleluia, or tract, is sung (so that the Schüler learn the Latin hymns), or a German psalm from Luther's hymnal is sung, so that the people sing along. Then the priest sings or reads the Gospel in German to the people. The Patrem or "Wir glauben all an einen GOtt is also sung." The organ does not play during the German Creed: "Vnd wenn der Glaube Deudsch gesungen wird, so sol darunter nicht georgelt werden." (see notes, p. 7 for Creed) (p. 10) The sermon follows (ca. one hour), preceded by an exhortation ("vermahnen") to prayer; the preacher should summarize at the beginning and again at the end of the sermon. Then a Vater Unser is said or "Nun bitten wir" is sung: "Darauff soll man ein Vater vnser sprechen, Oder singen, Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist. [p. 15] Vmb die Weihnachten, Ein Kindelein so löbelich, &c. Vmd die Ostern, Christ ist erstanden, &c." (p. 14–15) Then the people are exhorted that they should take the sermon to heart. Then follows the public confession: "JCh armer Sünder, bekenne mich GOtt meinem Himlischen Vater, daá ich (leider) schwerlich vnd mannigfaltig gesündiget habe...." The absolution follows: (p. 15) (uses traditional formula). Then the people should be exhorted to prayer; the general prayer follows. (p. 16) There is a note that this prayer should not be used between the Gospel and the sermon. From time to time the preacher should remind the people that they are to remain in church for the prayer and the communion. At the end of the prayer those desiring to commune go to the chancel and kneel. On high feasts the proper Gregorian preface is sung (see Latin prefaces, p. 154–69, for Quotidiana and for the usual six feasts). The Sanctus (with Benedictus) follows the preface. The exhortation to communion follows (p. 19) Then the priest sings the Vater Unser and the Words of Institution (to the same tones as in Osnabrück 1652, book p. 4) (p. 28). The Elevation is omitted. Then the people commune under both forms. During the communion one or more of the following hymns is sung: Jesus Christus vnser Heyland, GOtt sey gelobet (p. 31), Esaia dem Propheten, Oder ein anders, Oder O Lamb GOttes vnschüldig. After the communion the following collect is sung: "WJr dancken dir Allmechtiger HERRE GOtt...," followed by the Benediction (Aaronic). If there are no communicants, the preacher exhorts the people to commune more frequently; after the sermon the litany is sung, then the priest reads a collect, then the Benediction, finally Erhalt uns Herr and Verleyhe vns Frieden gnediglich. (p. 33)
"An Sontagen vnd hohen Festen Nachmittags in Städten" - before Vespers the Kinderpredigt and catechism instruction is held; attendance for the children is required. At 1:00 the bells are rung. The Schüler read the catechism and sing one or two German psalms, or the Ten Commandments or the Vater Unser, or Christ vnser HERR zum Jordan kam, etc. The other children should learn to sing along. Then the preacher or deacon should question the children on the catechism, the answers to which they have memorized from Luther's Small Catechism. (p. 34) Note: if the preacher is unable to come on Sunday because of other duties, the catechism instruction may be held on a weekday. After the catechism lesson, or at two o'clock, the bell rings for Vespers. The Schüler sing one or two Latin psalms (in numerical order). There follows the lesson, the Ten Commandments, the Creed (Glauben) and the Our Father (German). Then the hymn de tempore is sung, sometimes Latin, sometimes German. The sermon follows on the Epistle for the Sunday or feast day (or another Epistle may be chosen). Then the Magnificat is sung, sometimes Latin, sometimes German, then a collect is read and the service is closed with the Benedicamus Domino. IN THE VILLAGES: Vespers is held at 1:00. A psalm or two is sung in German, and then the children are instructed in the catechism. Then a portion of the catechism is explained for the adults. Then the Magnificat or Nunc dimittis is sung in German, and a collect closes the service. (p. 35) In both cities and villages each Sunday before the early and afternoon Predigt the entire catechism and a brief form of confession (for instructional purposes) are read (p. 36).
Festival days to be observed: Nativity (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Presentation, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday (morning service), Good Friday (morning service), Easter (3 days), Ascension (p. 37), Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, (Corpus Christi is NOT observed, but the people should be warned how idolatrous its observance is), St. John the Baptist, Visitation, (Assumption NOT observed, warning given as with Corpus Christi), St. Michael (replaces Assumption). The service is held as on ordinary Sundays, except that the Introit, Sequence and Preface are sung. And the old hymns Ein Kindelein so löbelich (Nativity), Christ ist erstanden (Easter) (p. 38) and Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist (Pentecost) are sung from the pulpit (i.e., by congregation and pastor at the start of the sermon). Apostles days are also observed (morning services).
"An Wercktagen" - services held every day in the large cities; in the smaller cities two or three times per week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday). (p. 39) The service starts at 7:00 in the summer and at 8:00 in the winter (or at another customary time). The Schüler go to the chancel and sing one or two Latin psalms. Then a German psalm, the sermon, a brief German psalm and a collect follow. The entire service should last no more than an hour. Each Wednesday or Friday in both cities and villages a day of prayer (Gebet Tag) should be held at which the Litany is sung and God is called upon for every needful thing. The service is as above except that the Litany follows the sermon; the entire service should not last longer than an hour. (p. 40)
"Kirchen Ordnung auff den Dörffern" - Vespers is held each Saturday and holy day eve if there is to be a service the next day. The custos rings the bell at 2:00, and the pastor and custos sing a German psalm. Then O lux beata trinitas, (p. 42) Christe qui lux es et dies (German) or another good Christian hymn de tempore is sung, followed by the Magnificat (German), the collect (German), the Benedicamus Domino and Erhalt vns HERR bey deinem Wort. After Vespers the pastor hears the confession of those desiring to commune the following day. If the pastor does not live in the village, confession shall be held on Saturday morning. On Wednesdays or Fridays a service shall be held at which the litany is sung, and on Fridays a catechism service shall be held. (p. 43) Communion in the villages: the pastor or custos begins with a German psalm if the Introit is too difficult. Then the German Kyrie and Allein Gott in der höhe. Then the priest turns to the people and says or sings: "Der HERR sey mit euch." The custos answers "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then the priest reads the collect for the day facing the altar. Then he turns to the people and reads or sings the Epistle in German. Then a German psalm is sung, and then the pastor reads or sings the Gospel for the day. (p. 44) Then he turns to the altar and sings "Wir glauben all an einen GOtt"; the entire congregation sings along. Then follows the sermon, at the start of which the entire catechism is read, followed by the reading of the Gospel a second time. An exhortation to the people to remain for communion shall be given several times a year. After the sermon the pastor begins a psalm from the pulpit. On high feasts a German proper preface may be sung. Then follows the exhortation, as above (in the cities). Then the pastor sings the Vater Unser and the Words of Institution at the altar. Then "Jesus Christus vnser Heyland" is sung, during which the people commune. If there are many communicants, other hymns are added, such as Gott sey gelobet, Ich dancke dem Herrn, ending with O Lamb Gottes vnschüldig or Christe du Lamb Gottes. After the communion is ended, the pastor speaks the collect "Wir dancken dir Allmechtiger HERR Gott...," then he speaks the Benediction (Aaronic). (p. 45) If there are no communicants the litany is sung after the sermon, followed by the blessing. Then Erhalt vns HERR and Verleihe vns Frieden are sung.
"Nach Mittage am Sontage, vnd Feyrtagen auff den Dörffern" - If possible the catechism instruction shall be held on Sunday afternoon, during which is sung "Diá sind die heiligen zehen Gebot, &c. Jtem, Vater vnser im Himmelreich, &c." If this is not possible, on Sundays after the sermon (and before the communion) and on Wednesday mornings after the service (sermon?) a portion of Luther's Small Catechism shall be read. (p. 46) p. 112–52 - collects for the seasons and occasions to be read before the Epistle. Page 152 has the note that other collects pertaining to the Gospel may be used occasionally instead; such collects can be found in the Kinder Postillen of Veit Didrich. p. 206 - a special superintendent visitation is held at least twice per year. p. 223–27 - table of the districts of the general and special superintendents. The special superintendents are responsible for anywhere between 9 and 27 churches, the average being between 17 and 22. The five general superintendents are responsible for 107, 39, 48, 52 and 51 churches. A synod of general and special superintendents, theologians and others is held in Wolfenbüttel twice a year (p. 234).
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1651 (Wolfenbüttel, 1651) r [8/11/93]
Kirchen-Ordnung, Unser, Von Gottes Gnaden Augusti, Herzzogen zu Brunswieg und Lunäburg, &c. Wie es mit der Lehr, und den[n] Zeremonien unsers Fürstentuhm[b]s Brunswieg, Wolfenbütlischen und Tannenbergischen Teils... gehalten werden sol. Cited in Graff 1:34, 44. Graff: the edition of 1615 with a new title page.
Graff was correct: it is the edition of 1615 with a new title page. The page layout was retained.
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1657 (Wolfenbüttel, 1657) s [7/16/93] - official
Agenda oder: Erster Teyl der Kirchen-Ordnung, Unser von Gottes Gnaden Augusti, Herzogen zu Bruns- Wyk und Lunä-Burg. Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:44. Bodemann: replaces the KO of Duke Julius.
{AGENDA} | Oder: | Erster Teyl der | [row of flowers over the following line (excluding the initial letters `K" and `O")] | K\irch\\en=O\rdnung\/ | Unôer von Gottes Gnaden | {AUGUSTI,} | H\erzogen zu B\runs=W\yk | und Lunä-Burg. | W\y es mit den~ Ceremonien/ auch andern | nootwendigen Sachen und Verrichtungen in den~ Kir= | chen Unôerer Fürstentume Graf=Herrôchaften und | Landen zu halten. | [ornament: two men outside a circular frame, around which are the words `PAX ET CONCORDIA INVIDIAM PEDBVS [last word illegible]," 32 @ 47 mm.] | Gedrukt in Sr. Fürstl. Gn. Reôidenz und Vestung | Wolfen-Büttel/ | [rule] | Bey den~ Sternen/ {I}m Jaar/ 1657.
%Size: 155 @ 113 mm. (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: A–U^4 W–2L^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); F2 O2 R2 2J3 2K1–3 2L2–3 roman %Pagination: 140 leaves: pp. [{1–2}] 3–273 [{7}] (misnumbering 213–215 as 113–115)
%Fingerprint: 1657 04 - b1 A2 hoc : b2 2L3 kranke %Preface: `Von Gottes Gnaden, Wyr AUGUSTUS, Herzog zu Bruns-Wyk und Lunä-Burg, &c." ... `Wolfenbüttel, den 7. Januarii. Anno 1657." %Music: Collect (B3^b), Latin Credo incipit (B4^a), German Preface and Sanctus (D4^b–E2^a), Our Father #1 (E3^b–E4^a), Verba #1 (E4^a–F1^a), Prefaces for ordinary days and for the six chief festivals (2J2^b–2L1^a)
Vespers in cities: the choir enters at 2:00 and forms two choirs for antiphonal singing (alternating verses in the psalms—Psalm Gesengen). (f. A4^b) The choir begins with Veni sancte Spiritus or Kom heiliger Geist. Then the antiphon for the day, then either in unison or, if available, antiphonally, the choir sings 1–3 psalms of David. Then a boy reads a Latin lesson, then another reads the same in German. Then a responsory, then the Hymnus, both as corrected from the papal versions by Hermannum Bonnum and other devout men. Then the Magnificat at times in German and at times in Latin, and where there are organs "bey dem Hymno und Magnificat, ein Vers um den andern auf der Orgel gespilet, order zugleich darinnen figuraliter musiciret oder gesungen werden." Then the Pryster reads a German versicle, then the Collect pro pace or another d.t. Then the choir sings the Nunc dimittis at times in Latin and at times in German, closing with the Benedicamus. Then confession. (f. B1^a)
Vespers in villages: the Custos rings the bell at 2:00, and the Pastor, Custode and Schulkinder sing a Psalm of David in German, then the Hymnus, O lux beata Trinitas or Christe qui lux es & dies in German or a Gesang "nach Gelegenheit der Zeit." Then the Magnificat in German, a versicle and Collect pro pace in German or another d.t. Then the Benedicamus and Erhalt uns Herr. Then confession. In Filale where the Pastor does not live, the Custos leads the service. He and the children sing a German Psalm, the Magnificat in German, the Benedicamus and Erhalt uns Herr. (f. B1^b)
Early service on Sunday: Matins is rung at 4:00 or 4:30. The Cantor and Schüler sing 1–3 psalms with the antiphon. Then a German psalm is sung, then the Predigt, which should end by 6:00. Then a collect and the Benediction. (f. B2^a)
Hohe Messe (oder Communion, in der Alten-Kirchen Liturgia genennet): directs that because some people become disturbed when pastors celebrate communion without the proper vestments, the pastors should wear "Alben, Caseln und Mesgewand" when communicants are present. An altar cloth and candles are also used. The service is rung at 6:30 in the summer and 7:00 in the winter so that it can begin a half hour later. In the cities: the cantor with the other teachers and Schüler sings "O Vater almächtiger GOtt." The Pryster sings the Gloria, the congregation singing Allein Gott. (f. B3^a) The Pryster sings "Der HErr sey mit Euch," and the people answer "Und mit deinem Geist." Then a collect d.t. (music given) (f. B3^b) Then the Epistle, a German psalm or hymn d.t., The organ may accompany this slowly in counterpoint: "Und kan zu desto meerer Erwekkung der devotion bey dergleichen Gesängen der Organist auf der Orgel dy Gesänge fein langsam in Contrapuncto, wy es dy Musici nennen, mit musiciren." Then the Gospel, then the Pryster sings "Credo in unum Deum." Then Wir glauben is sung. Then comes the Predigt: the Prediger prays a brief collect, (f. B4^a) then exhorts the people to prayer, then the people sing Nun bitten wir (or at Christmas, Ein Kindelein; at Easter, Also heilig ist der Tag OR Christ ist erstanden; at Pentecost, Komm heiliger Geist), then the people kneel and pray the Our Father (silently?: "Alsbald darauf bäte er mit der Gemeine in der Stille, und zwaar dy gantze Gemeine mit ym kniend das Vater unser." Then the Gospel is read (again). Then the sermon. (f. B4^b) The sermon should not last longer than 45 minutes to an hour (f. C1^b). Then the people kneel while the Prediger reads the public confession "Ich armer Sünder bekenne GOtt meinem himlischen Vater, daá ich (leider) swärlich, und mannigfaltig gesündiget habe..." (f. N4^b). Then the absolution (uses "verkündigen") (f. D1^a). Then the Gemeine(s) Gebet. (f. D1^b) Then the people kneel and the Pryster speaks the Vater Unser. Then the people stand, and he says "Der Fride Gottes, welcher höher ist den alle Vernunft...." Then come announcements, if necessary. (f. D3^b)
Concerning the prayer to be read in place of the exhortation to the communicants: "Und weil an vilen Orten löblich hergebracht, daá entweder voor oder nach der pr‘fation dy Gemeine, und insonderheit dy jenige so zuum Sacrament gehen wollen, durch eine teutsche Ermanung zuur Andacht aufgemuntert werden. Wyr auch dafür halten, daá zu meerer Andacht dine, daá das jenige, wozu dy Gemeine ermanet wird, im Werk und effectu an ym selbst vylmeer geschähe, als daá man der Vermanung zu solchem Werk noch lange inh‘rire, So haben Wyr dero Behuuf eine Formulam eines Gebäts, so der Gemeine offentlich an Statt der Vermanung voorgeläsen werden solle, abfassen lassen...." After this the people communing go to the chancel and a psalm d.t. is sung. The Preface and Sanctus follow and may not be omitted. (f. D4^a) (see notes, p. 14 for the Sanctus) Either the Sanctus or the psalm "Heilig ist GOtt der Vater" may be done. Then a long prayer. (f. E2^a) Then the Pryster sings the Vater Unser and the Verba. (f. E3^b) The Elevation is not to be done (f. F1^a). Then the entire congregation sings "O Lam Gottes" or another hymn slowly and with devotion and without a prelude on the organ. If there is time, "Christus der uns selich macht" is sung, and if there is still time, "HErr JEsu Christ du höchstes Guut" and "JEsus Christus unser Heyland" or another appropriate hymn. After the communion the Pryster reads the 23rd Psalm to the congregation, then sings "Dankket dem HErren den er ist freundlich," and the people answer "Und seine Güte wäret ewiglich." (f. F1^b) Then the Thanksgiving collect is sung. Then the Benediction. Then the congregation sings "HErr nuun lässest du deinen Diner im Fride faren..." Choraliter, then "GOtt sey gelobet" all the way through. (f. F2^a)
If there are no communicants, after the sermon is the usual prayer, then on festivals is sung a psalm d.t. and on ordinary days the Litany. Then a Collect and Blessing. Then "Verley uns Friden" or "Sey Lob und Eer mit hohem Preis."
Communion in the villages: the Pfarrer, Custode and Schüler begin with a German psalm, then the German Kyrie "O Vater almächtiger Gott." Then the Pryster sings "Eere sey GOtt in der Höhe," the people then singing "Allein Gott." (f. f. F2^b) Then "Der Herr sey mit Euch." The Custos answers with the congregation: "Und mit deinem Geist." Then the Pryster says or sings the Collect d.t., then reads the Epistle from the Ev. Kirchen-Harmonie. Then a German psalm is sung. Then the Gospel is read from the Ev. Kirchen-Harmonie. Then he begins "Wyr gläuben alle an einen Gott," which the Custos and congregation sing to its close. Then the sermon, and several times a year the people should be exhorted to remain for communion. Then Beicht and Absolution and the common prayer with thanksgiving for the dead, as above. (f. F3^a) Then the communicants go to the Chor, and the Custos sings a psalm. Then the Preface in German, then "Heilig ist Gott." Then the Pryster reads the exhortation, sings or says the Vater Unser and Verba and distributes the communion, during which "O Lam Gottes" is sung. If there is time, "Christus der uns sälich macht" and "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" or another psalm is sung. After communion the Pryster reads the 23rd psalm, then sings or reads the collect "Wyr dankken dyr..." Then the Blessing, then "HErr nuun lässest du deinen Diner" or "Gott sey gelobet." If there are no communicants, [the service] continues as above for the cities. (f. F3^b)
Sunday and festival afternoons in the cities: bells rung at 1:00. The Cantor sings "Eile mich GOtt zu erretten," and the scholars respond "HErr eile mir zu helffen." "Schaffe in mir GOtt ein reines Herz," "Und gib mir einen neuen gewissen Geist." Then the antiphon and one or two German psalms d.t. from the Psalter of David. (f. F4^b) Then the hymn d.t. as translated into German by Luther, then the Magnificat with the antiphon d.t. in German. Then two boys recite a section from Luther's catechism with the explanation from the middle of the chancel. Then the congregation sings a German psalm de tempore or one associated with the Epistle. Then comes the sermon, before which the Epistle is read, and which should not last more than half an hour. Then the common prayer is read by the Pryster, then the Vater Unser, then the blessing. Then is sung the Ten Commandments, the Glaube, the Vater Unser, Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, Erbarm dich meiner O Herre Gott, or Jesus Christus unser Heiland, during which the children assemble in the chancel for instruction. (f. G1^a)
Sunday and festival afternoons in the villages: bells rung at 1:00, and the congregation sings 1–2 psalms, then the Magnificat in German, then two children recite the catechism as above, then the Epistle is read and elucidated, then the common prayer, the entire service up through the sermon to last not more than a half hour. Then a spiritual song pertaining to the catechism lesson is sung (f. G2^a). If there is no pastor in the village, a psalm is sung by the Custode, children and congregation, then he reads the Epistle and explanation by Johann Spangenberg, then the common prayer, then he reads the entire catechism without the explanation ("Auslegung"). Then a collect is read, and the congregation sings "Verley uns Friden." (f. G2^b)
Holy Week services: reading of the Passion from the Harmony on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday at 8:00 A.M. (one part each day) followed by a sermon. In villages, where there is only one Pastor, the reading is begun on Sunday afternoon and continued Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday at 5:00 A.M. before the people go to the fields. (f. 2A1^b) After the reading is sung a passion or penitential psalm, then a Collect and Blessing, but there is no sermon. On Palm Sunday morning the pastor should remind the congregation that they should attend these services. On Maundy Thursday a normal Sunday service is held, with communion, and confession the day before. On Friday the entire congregation is to fast until evening. (f. 2A2^a) At 7:00 A.M. is rung for service, which begins with the singing of the Vater Unser, then "O wyr armen Sünder unser Missetaat," then is read several verses from Isaiah 53, then the fifth and last installment of the Passion history, then the Glaube sung by the people in German, then Part 4, verses 40–47 of the Passion history is read, then the sermon (f. 2A2^b). Then the pastor reads a general confession while the people kneel (f. 2A3^a). Then the people sing a Passion hymn. Then the pastor reads the versicle and collect, then the Blessing. Each household should continue its Passion devotions until the bell is rung for the next service. At 1:00 is rung for service. First "Aus tyfer Nooth" is sung, then "Da Jesus an dem Creüzze stund," then the Pastor reads a lesson from 1 John, then a brief sermon (to last no more than a half hour to 45 minutes) (f. 2A4^b). Then the people kneel, and the confession, thanksgiving and prayer follow as in the last service. Then is sung "O Lam Gottes unschuldig," then the Collect and Blessing. (f. 2B1^a)
Buátage: held four times a year "Post Crux, post Cineres, post Spiritus, atq; Luci‘ | Sit tibi in angaria quarta sequens feria"; that is, after Ash Wednesday, after Pentecost, after the Tag des Creuzzes- Erfindung, and after Lucia. (f. 2B1^b) Devotional exercises are prescribed for the day before the service. At 7:00 A.M. on the day, the bells are rung for a quarter hour, and all members of the family except the very young are without exception to proceed to church (f. 2B2^a), no one remaining home except to care for the children or to watch the house. People living in Filiale come to the Pfarrkirche. The pastor says to the people "Christe du Lam GOttes...." Then Vater unser... Then they sing "Vater unser im Himmelreich." Then two of the following: Erbarm dich mein O HErre GOtt, O HErre GOtt begnade mich, Nim von uns HErr du getreuer GOtt, Dy swere Straf und groose Noot (to the Vater Unser melody), Aus tifer Noot schrey ich zu dir, O GOtt und HErr, wy grooá und swer, Wo GOtt der HErr nicht bey uns hält, Wer GOtt nicht mit uns dise Zeit, Ach GOtt vom Himmel sih darein." Then "Wyr gläuben all." Then the Pastor reads a lesson from Amos. A sermon ("Auslegung") should not last more than 45 minutes. (f. 2B3^a) Then the confession and absolution, during which the bells are rung with the people on their knees. (f. 2B3^b) Then the Vater Unser and the three last stanzas of "Sihe nicht an unser Sünde grooá." Then the Litany and "Erhalt uns Herr." Then the pastor prays aloud "Christe du Lam Gottes" and "Vater unser" and then the people sing "O Lam GOttes unschuldig." Then the Pastor reads the collect "HErr GOtt himlischer Vater, der du nicht Lust hast an der armen Sünder Toot..." Then the Blessing. The bell is rung again at 1:00 and the people go to church. The service is held as above, except that instead of the Litany is sung the hymn "Nim von uns HErr GOtt," in which the middle four stanzas are "voorgesungen" by boys on their knees in front of the altar, after which each stanza is repeated by the congregation, as is customary in this principality. (f. 2C1^a)
Rogation Day (Monday during the week "Vocem Jucunditatis"): rung at 7:00, begun with the Vater Unser sung, then "Erbarm dich mein O HErre GOtt," then the pastor reads Psalm 85 with everyone on his knees (f. 2C3^a), then the Glaube is sung, then verses from Psalm 104 (f. 2C3^b), then an exhortation to Thanksgiving (f. 2C4^a) with the prayer "Gott sey uns gnädig, und segne uns," then the people sing "Es wol uns GOtt gnädig seyn," then a Collect and Blessing.
Weekly Bet-Stunden: held Monday mornings. The entire congregation is to fall to its knees, wherever they are, when the bell is rung. Then the pastor prays "Christe du Lam GOttes" or "O JEsu Christe, Gottes Soon" and then "Vater Unser." Then the people stand up and sing (I assume only those in church) "Nim von uns HErr GOtt, alle unsere Sünde und Missetat" vorgesungen by the boys kneeling in front of the altar, with each stanza repeated by the congregation. Another penitential psalm is also sung. Then the pastor reads a psalm of David or a chapter from a Prophet, then he reads the Litany to the people (f. 2D2^b). Then another penitential psalm is sung, then people kneel and the pastor prays again "Christe du Lam GOttes" or "O JEsu Christe, GOttes Soon." Then is sung "Verley uns Friden." Then the Collect pro Pace, then the Blessing. Then the two last stanzas of the Vater Unser ("Von allem Ubel uns erlös") are sung. The entire service should not last longer than a half hour. (f. 2D3^a) p. 226ff. - the "Gemeine Gebät"; i.e., the collects used as the common prayer. These are propers.
Holy days: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Ephiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Holy Week, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis (f. Z3^b).
Observations about this order: (1) it is much more penitential than the preceding orders for Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel; (2) there is more concern about what devotional impression is being made on the people; and (3) the end of the services (especially the penitential services held weekly and four times a year) seems to drag on interminably.
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel(?) [1665?] ([1665?]) s-
This order is too incomplete to use. Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1683 (Wolfenbüttel, 1683) s [7/20/93] - occasional
[Not Kirchen-Andacht].
Allgemeine | K\irch\\en=A\ndach\\t/ | Beôtehend | Jn etzlichen Gebetern/ Bibli= | ôchen Texten/ Pôalmen/ und | Geôängen/ | Auf itzige groôôe Noht und Ge= | fahr gerichtet/ und in denen Kirchen des | Fürôtenthums Wolffenbüttel/ und in der | Graffôchafft Blanckenburg/ auch in de= | nen {Communion- }Berg=Städten aufm | Haartz zu gebrauchen verord= | net. | Welche umb mehrer Bequemligkeit | willen/ und zu erweck= und beförderung | ôo wol der öffentlichen als {privat Devotion} | und Andacht in gegenwertigen Format aufs neue | ôind gedrucket worden | Von Paul Weiôôen in | Wolffenbüttel/ | [rule] | Jm Jahr Chriôti 1683. || [{stet:} Gebetern]
%Size: 146 @ 73 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 8º: A–C^8; $1–5 signed (–A1 B1) %Pagination: 24 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1683 08 - b1 A2 u$w : b2 C5 er$
%Music: none
This extraordinary Bet-Stunde begins on f. A8^a and continues to the end of the book. It is to be held Tuesdays and Fridays from 3:00 to 4:00 P.M. The bells are rung a half hour and fifteen minutes ahead. The people kneel, and "Christe du Lam Gottes" and the Vater Unser are prayed aloud before the altar. Then one of the following hymns is sung in alternation ("Wechselweise"): Wend ab deinen Zorn lieber Gott mit Gnaden, Wenn wir in höchsten Nöhten seyn, Aus tieffer Noht, Wo GOTT der HERR nicht bey uns hält, Eine feste Burg ist unser GOtt. Then is read in alternation 2 Chr. 14, Isaiah 36–37, Psalms 79, 80, 85 and a very long collect. Then the following hymns are sung in alternation ("Wechselweise") from the Hannover hymnal: HErr straff uns nicht in deinem Zort (Melody: Aus tieffer Noth), Ach HERR mit deiner Hülf erschein (Melody: Wo GOtt der HErr nicht), Du Frieden-Fürst HErr Jesu Christ, HErr unser GOtt, las nicht zu Schanden (Melody: Wend ab deinen Zorn), TReuer Wächter Jsrael, des sich freuet unsre Seel (Melody: Singen wir aus Hertzen Grund). After the singing of the second hymn the Beht- Glocke is rung again, then with the people kneeling again is said "Christe du Lam Gottes" and the "Vater Unser." Then is sung "O Lamb GOttes unschuldig." Then a versicle and a collect. Then the Blessing and the singing of the stanza "Gott Vater Sohn und heilger Geist, der du zu allen Zeiten."
In this order, it is apparent that the term "wechselweise" means one hymn the first week, the next hymn the following week, and so on. This is made clear by the rubric "after the singing of the second hymn...."
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1709 (Braunschweig, 1709) s [7/20/93] - official
Erneuerte Kirchen-Ordnung Unser Von Gottes Gnaden Anthon Ulrichs Hertzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg. Th. 1.2. Cited in Bodemann V; Graff 1:44. The copy Wolfenbüttel S 393b.4º Helmst. has an extraneous leaf inserted after ^2O2. Bodemann: currently valid in the Braunschweig territories, if not actually in use (the Hildesheim order is used, although without official sanction). Graff: shows Pietist influence.
[Part 1:] E\rneuerte | K\irchen=O\rdnung | Unôer | V\on G\Ottes G\naden | A\nthon U\lrichs | H\ertzogen zu B\raunôchweig und | L\üneburg. | E\rôter T\heil. | [emblem, 62 @ 60 mm.] | [rule] | Braunôchweig/ | Gedruckt durch Johann Georg Zilligern/ Hochfürôtl. {privilegirt.} Hof=Buchdr. {1709.} || [Part 2:] E\rneuerte | K\irchen=O\rdnung | Unôer | Von GOttes Gnaden | A\nthon U\lrichs | H\ertzogen zu B\raunôchw. und L\üneb. | A\nder T\heil | oder | {AGENDA.} | [emblem, 60 @ 59 mm.] | [rule] | Braunôchweig/ | Gedruckt durch Johann Georg Zilligern/ Hochfürôtl. {privil.} Hof=Buchdr. {1709.} || [Part 3:] E\vangelia [initial letter `E" followed by a row of asterisks over the rest of the word] | und E\piôteln/ | Auf alle | S\onntage und fürnehmôte F\eôte | durchs gantze J\ahr. | [emblem, 60 @ 59 mm.] | [double rule with an ornament on each end] | Braunôchweig/ | Gedruckt durch Johann Georg Zilligern/ | Hochfürôtl. {privilegirt.} Hof=Buchdr. | 1709.
%Size: 162 @ 122 mm. (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: A–U^4, ^2A–B^4 ^éb^2 ^2C–Y^4 ^2Z^4(–Z4), ^2)(–3)(^4, a–2e^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 A3 M1 ^2A1 O1); second alphabetic series signed roman %Pagination: 297 leaves: pp. {1–6} 7–88 {89–90} 91–111 121–159 {160–61} 162–169 [#=160] {1–2} 3–16 *13 14* *15 16* 17–104 {105–106} 107–116 115–174 145–149 160 [#=186] 1–216 [{8}]
%Fingerprint: 1709 04 - 1b1 A2 $ric : 1b2 U3 ;$ - 2b1 A2 n$ : 2b2 Z ol - 2c1 )( ebe : 2c2 2)(2 beôetze - 3b1 a Oe : 3b2 2e3 e$n %Preface: `Von GOttes Gnaden Anthon Ulrich, Hertzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, &c." ... `Geben in Unser Stadt Braunschweig den 1. May 1709. Anthon Ulrich, L.S." %Music: Preface (^2B1^a–^2B1^b), Sanctus (^2B2^a), Our Father #1 (^2B3^b), Verba #1 (^2B3^b–^2B4^a)
Vespers (f. ^2A2^a–^2A2^b): rung at 1:00 or 2:00. Scholars and cantor assemble in the Chor. "Komm heiliger Geist, Herre Gott" and a hymnus de tempore are sung. A boy goes in front of the altar and reads the Epistle in German. The Magnificat is sung, then a Buá-Gesang. Then the Pastor intones "Schaffe in mire GOtt" or "HErr handele nicht mit uns" and sings the Collect for the Forgiveness of Sins, then the Blessing is spoken, then the Cantico Simeonis or a brief thanksgiving hymn, such as "Sey Lob und Preiá mit Ehren." Where organs are available, they are used in alternation.
Sunday early service (f. ^2A2^b): rung at 4:00 or 5:00, then a morning hymn, "HEr GOtt dich loben wir" [and/or?] a hymn related to the sermon is sung. Then the Pastor reads a section from Luther's catechism (or on festival eves the Epistle), then a prayer (see later in the book), then the Vater Unser with the people kneeling, then the Blessing. Then a brief hymn of praise, the collect, and finally "Der Nahme des HErrn sey gelobet" is sung.
Sunday main service (f. ^2A3^a–^2B1^a): bells rung first at 7:15 in the summer and 7:45 in the winter, then a second time fifteen minutes later, and the Cantor with his colleagues and scholars assemble in the Chor. "O Vater allmächtiger GOtt" is sung. Then the Pastor intones the "Gloria in excelsis Deo" before the altar. The congregation continues "Allein GOtt in der Höh" or "Ehr sey GOTT in der Höh." Then "Der HErr sey mit euch" is sung, with "und mit deinem Geist." Then the Priester [note: Pastor and Priester are used interchangably] sings a Collect d.t. or one of the Sunday collects appearing later in the book. Then he reads the Epistle. Then a German hymn related to the time or the sermon, then "Wir gläuben all an einen GOtt" or "Jch glaub an einen GOtt allein." Either "HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" or "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" may be sung immediately before the sermon. Then the sermon, which is not to last more than 45 minutes or at most an hour. Then with few words the Priester exhorts the congregation to prayer. Then the confession is read with the absolution ("verkündigen"). Then the gemeine Gebet (as prescribed), including the intercessions and thanksgivings; this prayer may not be altered without the prior permission of the Consistory. Then the congregation falls to its knees upon indication by the Pastor ("auf des Pastoris Anmahnen") and prays the Vater Unser. Then the announcements. Then the congregation is told to stand and receive the blessing, whereupon they receive the blessing. (f. ^2A4^b) If there are no communicants, a hymn is sung related to the sermon. Then the Pastor intones "Schaffe in mir GOtt ein reines Herz" or something else associated with the festival, then the Collect and "der Nahme des HErrn sey gelobet und gebenedeyet von nun an biá in Ewigkeit" are sung, then a brief hymn of praise.
Communion (f. ^2B1^a–^éb2^a): If there are communicants, "Allein zu dir HErr JEsu Christ" or "Sieh nicht an unser Sünde groá" is sung while the Prediger leaves the Cantzel. Then the Prediger [note: here the Prediger presides] goes in front of the altar and sings [the prefatory versicles and Preface] in alternation with the people. Then the entire congregation sings the Sanctus (as in the 1657 order). Then a long collect. Then the Priester sings the Vater Unser and the Verba. During the communion are sung Passion hymns or hymns relating to the communion. After communion the Priester or congregation reads Psalm 23. Then "Dancket dem HErrn denn Er ist freundlich." "Und seine Güte wäret ewiglich." Or "Lobe den HErrn meine Seele." "Und vergiá nicht was er dir guts gethan hat." Then the Priester sings the Thanksgiving collect. Then the Benediction. Then is sung "HErr nun lässest du..." or "GOtt sey gelobet."
Sunday afternoon service (f. ^éb1^a–^éb2^a): rung at 1:00. The Cantor sings "Komm heiliger Geist HErre GOtt" or a hymn of praise or, where usual, he intones "Eile mich GOTT zu erreten"; the choir answering "HERR eile mir zu helffen"; "Schaffe in mir GOTT ein reines Hertz"; "Und gib mir einen neuen gewissen Geist." Then a German hymn d.t., such as "Nun kommt der Heyden Heyland" or "Christum wir sollen loben schon." Then the Magnificat. Then two boys "vor dem Chor" recite a section from Luther's catechism with the explanation. Then a hymn related to the sermon is sung. Then the boys and girls go to the altar, and the pastor examines them in the catechism and explains a section of it. He may also summarize his sermon from the morning and ask the youth questions about it. Then "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" is sung. Then the sermon on the Epistle. Then a brief prayer, the Vater Unser (kneeling) and the Blessing. Then a hymn chosen by the Pastor, the Collect and "der Nahme des HErren..." are sung, and the service is closed with "Nun GOtt Lob es ist vollbracht." Timing: the hymns, with which the organ plays in alternation ("mit welchen die Orgel abgewechselt") should take a half hour; the catechism instruction and sermon together an hour and a quarter. In churches where there is only one pastor and in villages the service is rung at 1:00, two German psalms are sung, then the instruction is held, then a hymn, Collect and blessing. If the Schulmeister conducts the service, it consists of a psalm, reading of a section of the catechism, a sermon from Gesenius's {Epistel Postill}, a prayer, "GOtt gib Friede in...", the Collect pro pace, and "Verleih uns Frieden." If the Küster or Schulmeister leads the service, the Pastor should read the sermon through ahead of time and change or omit anything not appropriate to the congregation.
Holy days (f. ^éb2^a–^2C1^a): Christmas (3 days), Circumcision or New Year's Day, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (observed on Palm Sunday if it falls on the Sunday before Palm Sunday or on Easter or during Holy Week), Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis. Services are as on Sundays, except that for the 3 chief festivals the following are sung before the first Vater Unser auf der Cantzel: Ein Kindelein so löbelich OR Der Tag der ist so freudenreich (Christmas), Christ ist erstanden OR Also heilig ist der Tag (Easter), Nun bitten wir (Pentecost).
Four annual Buá-Tage (f. ^2C1^a–^2C2^b): changes from the 1657 order - (1) day is specified as Wednesday; (2) time for bells is changed to 8:00; (3) the list of hymns from which to choose two is not specified; (4) the lesson is assigned by the Consistory; (5) the congregation (apparently) sings the entire hymn "Sieh nicht," not only the last 3 stanzas; (6) either "Nun hilf uns Herr den Dienern dein" or "Christe, du lamb Gottes" is sung; (7) between "O Lamb Gottes unschuldig" and the Collect comes the Pastor intoning: "HErr handele nicht mit uns nach unsern Sünden" with the response "Und vergilt uns nicht nach unser Missethat." In the afternoon, the method of singing the hymn is not specified; it is sung however it is customary in each congregation. Rogation Day (Hagel-Feyer) (f. ^2C3^a–^2D1^b): as in 1657, except that following the prayer "Gott sey uns gnädig" comes the Vater Unser, and when the congregation stands, the Blessing. Then is sung "O Vater deine Sonne scheint." Then the Pastor goes to the altar and intones "Aller Augen warten auf dich Herr" with the response "Und du giebest ihnen ihre Speise zu seiner Zeit." Then a collect for good weather is sung. Then the "Nahme des HErrn" and finally the hymn "Es woll uns Gott gnädig seyn."
Holy Week services (f. ^2D2^b–^2D3^b): the services through Thursday are as in 1657, except that the Passion readings begin at 7:00 in the cities instead of at 8:00. On Friday the service is held at 7:00 or 7:30 and begins with the pastor and congregation praying "Christe du Lamm Gottes" and the Vater Unser while kneeling. Then "Vater unser im Himmelreich" is sung, then a Passion hymn, then the last installment of the Passion history is read. Then the Glaube is sung, then the sermon. Then the congregation kneels and the confession and absolution are said. Then a prayer of thanksgiving is read. Then the Vater Unser, the Blessing, and "O Traurigkeit O Hertzeleyd" is sung. Then the pastor prays with the congregation as at the beginning of the service. Then "O Lamm Gottes unschuldig" is sung, then the Collect and the "Nahme des HErrn."
The afternoon service begins at 1:00. It begins with the same prayers kneeling as in the early service. Then in the cities a Passion is sung [this is new!] and in the villages a Passion hymn. Isaiah 53 is read, then kneeling a thanksgiving for the suffering of Christ, then is sung "Da Jesus an den Creutze stund," still kneeling, and "Christe du Lamm Gottes" and the Vater Unser are prayed. Then "Last uns doch Christo danckbahr seyn" is sung, then the Collect and Blessing. Then "Nun ich dancke dir von Hertzen" is sung.
Weekday services (f. ^2D3^a): held Tuesdays and Thursdays in the cities, rung at 7:00 in the winter and 8:00 in the summer. Two German psalms are sung, then the sermon (until 8:00 or 9:00 only). Then the Litany is read (gelesen), then the Vater Unser is prayed with the congregation kneeling, then the Blessing, a hymn, the Collect and the "Nahme des HErrn." In the villages there is a sermon every Friday from Michaelis to Easter. The text is chosen by the pastor.
Weekly Bett-Stunden (f. ^2D3^a–^2D3^b): held in the cities Mondays in the summer at 7:00 and in the winter at daybreak; in the villages at whatever time does not keep the congregation from their work very long, either early in the morning or toward midday as people come home. When the bell is rung the pastor at the altar and the entire congregation, each in his place, prays "Christe du Lamm Gottes" or "O Jesu Christe Gottes Sohn, erbarm dich über uns" and then the Vater Unser. Then all stand and a morning hymn or other hymn is sung. Then the Pastor goes to the altar and reads a chapter ("Capitel") from the Bible. Then the appointed prayer kneeling and the Vater Unser. Then a penitential psalm is sung. Then as at the beginning "Christe du Lamm Gottes" or "Ach hilff uns HErr den Dienern dein" and the Vater Unser kneeling. Then "Verleyh uns Fried" is sung or another hymn if customary. Then the Collecta pro pace with the usual Blessing. Then the two last stanzas of the Vater Unser, Von allem Ubel uns erlöá or whatever has not been previously sung, and finally "Verleyh uns Friede." In the Friday Bett-Stunden as on Monday, except that the Litany is "gelesen" instead of the usual prayer.
Observations: the penitential nature of the 1657 order is gone from this one, as is the concern for the devotional effect upon the individual, but the ending of the services still drags on.
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel [ca. 1710] (Braunschweig, [ca. 1710]) r
Extract aus denen Agendis der Hochfürstl. Braunschw. Lüneb. erneuerten Kirchen-Ordnung. Date from Berlin and Wolfenbüttel catalogs.
An "altar book" extracted from the 1709 liturgy.
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1769 (Braunschweig, 1769) r [8/11/93]
Fürstl. Braunschweig-Lüneb. Kirchen-Ordnung. Theil 1.2. D. i. Erneuerte Kirchen-Ordnung weil. Herrn Herzogs Anton Ulrichs zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg. Cited in Graff 1:44. Graff: shows Pietist influence.
Reprints the 1709 order. According to the new preface, there is supposed to be a third part to the order in which new ordinances since the church order was enacted are printed, but I don't see one.
Bremen 1534
Cited in Graff 1:46.
It looks as though this may contain an agenda, but Richter doesn't reprint enough of it to be certain.
Breslau 1557 s [3/18/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 3:404–5.
Notes from Sehling.
Sunday early sermon is held for household employees, with mass if there are communicants. Then comes Matins, which is concluded with the Te Deum, after which the choristers sing the "horas de passione domini." Then the Introit d.t., the high mass being sung as always. The Elevation is retained, and the Sanctus and Agnus Dei are sung. The mass is closed with the Benedicamus or Ite missa est. (p. 404) No one is allowed to communion who has not been to private confession. Vespers is sung with five psalms, responsory, hymn, Magnificat, Capitula and collects, as always. After the collects and Benedicamus Vespers is concluded with the prayer against the Turks, Da pacem domine. Instructions follow for specific churches in the city. The services for festivals are similar except that the ceremonial is greater and more splendid, with "musica und pfeiffen de tempore." Weekdays "wen man zu chor leutet"; that is, when the Office is rung, the "horas de passione de domini" are first sung, then a mass if there are communicants; the choralists sing the "horas de passione domini" daily in their Chorrocken, as usual. (p. 405)
Buxtehude 1552 s [11/11/95] - official
Aepin, Johann. Angenamen kerkenordeninge eynes erbarn rades der statt Buxtehude, gestellet dorch den erwerdigen, hochgelarten Doctorem Johannem Epinum, superintendenten der statt Hamborch. Cited in Graff 1:33. Manuscript. Graff found this source in the Magistratsarchiv Buxtehude. See Peter 2:77. Graff: closely dependent on the Hamburg KO of 1539. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:68–91. Notes from Sehling.
Mass: Introit (if pure; if not, a German psalm is sung instead, such as "Kum, hilliger Geist," and on weekdays a German psalm is always sung). During the Introit the Preister [{sic}] goes before the altar and makes his confession. Then the Kyrie is sung "nach gelegenheit," then the Gloria and Et in terra, in Latin on high feasts, and in German or Latin on Sundays and other days. (p. 74) Then the Preister [sings] the Dominus vobiscum to the people and then the collect facing the altar. Then the usual Epistle in German is read before the altar to the people by the Prester "in ehren tono." [Footnote: See WA 19:56ff. for lectionary tones.] Then the Alleluja with versicle, but without cauda, then the Sequence or a German psalm in its place. Then the usual Gospel is read from the pulpit, then the sermon, then the choir and people sing "Wy geloven." All three verses of this are sung by the entire congregation without organ. During this the communicants gather in the Chor. Then the Preister reads the exhortation, then he sings the Latin Preface beginning with the Dominus vobiscum. The Preface may occasionally be omitted for the sake of time. Then the Sanctus is sung in Latin or German. Then the Preister sings the Vader unse, the choir answering "Amen," then he sings the Verba. During the communion one or more of the following is sung: "Jesus Christus," "Godt sy gelavet." While these are sung the men, then the women, commune. After the distribution the Agnus Dei is sung in Latin or German. (p. 75) Then the Preister [sings?] the Thanksgiving collect, the choir answering "Amen." Then he turns to the people and sings the Blessing, the choir answering "Amen." Then the choir alone without organ sings "Da pacem" or the German "Vorlene uns frede" or another psalm such as "Midden wy im levent sint." Candles are to be used on the altar.
Communion when there is no sermon: in extraordinary circumstances communion may be administered on days when there is no sermon. In this case, as with the sick in their homes, it is to be given before the high altar without additional ceremony.
Matins on Sundays and holy days: in winter and summer when the early sermon is done Matins is sung by the Scholmeistere and his scholars. Two boys from the schola chant an antiphon, and the schoolmaster or his Geselle begins the psalm, two or three psalms, depending on their length, being sung. They are sung slowly and distinctly alternating verses—one or two octonarii from Ps. 119 (given in the source as Ps. 118). Festivals having their own proper psalms are to use them instead. ("Twe jungen ut de schole scholen mit einer antiphen intoneren unde de scholmester edder synn geselle schall den psalm anheven, unde schole twe edder dre psalme, darna se lang sint, temlick langsam, fyn dudtlick, ordine, einen versch umb den andern, gesungen werden, ein edder twe octonarii ut dem hundertundachteinden psalm Beati immaculati in via. In den festen averst, de ohr sunderlike psalme hebben, scholen de psalmi beholden werden.") After the antiphon three lessons are read, two in Latin and one in German. The Latin lessons are read in the usual tone, and the German lesson in its tone ("in synem tono"). First the book and chapter is announced, as "Lectio evangelii secundum Lucam, capite." The lessons on Sundays and festivals are the Gospel for the day. It is first divided into two lessons and read in Latin, then read in German in its entirety. (p. 76) Between the lessons the usual responsories (if pure) are sung. If time is short the three lessons may be read with a single responsory. Then after the verse and Gloria Patri are sung by the children the Te Deum is sung in Latin or German, then "Kyrie eleyson, Pater noster, versus, collecta, Benedicamus."
Concerning Gesang in general: all Latin Gesenge in agreement with Scripture shall be sung in the mass, Matins and Vespers; but what does not agree with Scripture shall not be sung. The pastor shall make the determination.
Matins on weekdays: on every day when there is a sermon the scholars arrive a half hour early and sing Matins. First the entire catechism is sung in Latin, alternating choirs verse by verse. [Footnote: see Sunday Matins in Bugenhagen's KO for Hamburg, Sehling 5:523f.] Then 1–2 psalms, depending on their length, are sung; and two lessons are read, the first in Latin and the second in German. Then the Te Deum or Benedictus, then the Kyrie.
Vespers on Sundays and holy days: rung at 1:00. Two children intone [the antiphon], and the cantor begins the psalm: three psalms are sung, concluding with the antiphon. Then three lessons are [sung] as in Matins: two in Latin and one in German: the lessons comprise the Epistle for the day. Then a responsory is sung (p. 77), followed by a hymn. Then two boys intone, and the cantor begins the Magnificat. If there is time the Nunc dimittis is then sung with an antiphon, then Kyrie eleyson, Pater noster and collect.
Vespers on weekdays: so that the scholars are not kept from their studies, only two Latin psalms, a hymn and the Magnificat or Nunc dimittis with antiphon are sung, closing with the Kyrie, Pater noster and Benedicamus.
Orgelgesange: Time permitting, the organist plays in mass, Matins and Vespers, which the choir or congregation has begun to sing ("dat de chorr edder de ganze kercke vorher anhevet und singet"). The Schulmeister is to consult with the organist beforehand concerning the singing so that confusion may be avoided.
The Litany: sung after the catechism sermon in the weeks closest to Michaelis and every Friday between Septuagesima to Easter. Two boys kneeling at the high altar sing the German Litany, and the choir and people answer. When the Litany is ended and the Vader unse has been prayed in the silence the Preister sings "Unde vohre uns nicht in vorsokinge," and the choir answers "Sunder ehrlose uns van dem bosen"; then the Preister sings "De Here sy mit juw," the choir answering "Unde mit dynem geiste"; then the Preister sings the German verse "Here handele nicht mit uns na unsen sunden" or "Wy hebben gesundiget mit unsern vederen" or a similar verse, and the choir responds. Finally the Preister reads the German collect, to which the choir answers "Amen," as is printed in Luther's Litany. In times of need, the Litany is also sung on Sundays and holy days after the sermon and before communion. (p. 78)
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Annunciation, Michaelis, Easter (3 days). Maundy Thursday is not "fyerlich," but it is observed as a holy day with sermon and ceremonies if there are communicants. The lessons for Stephen, John the Evangelist, Holy Innocents, Matthias, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Andrew and Thomas are read on the nearest day with a sermon (I think I've interpreted this correctly), although Stephen and John are observed on the day they fall, since they are part of the Christmas observance. Other saints' days are not observed. If one of these festivals falls on a Sunday, the Sunday takes precedence. The Veertydefeste are Christmas, Easter and Michaelis [footnote: a fourth festival is missing; it could be St. John (June 24), which is mentioned in the Bergedorf KO, or Pentecost]; on these days each person gives the church his Tydepenning (regarding this, see Bugenhagen's Hamburg KO, Sehling 5:535f.). (p. 79)
Buxtehude 1565 s [11/11/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:92–129.
Consists of German prayers before and after the sermon for the church year, an order for ordination of a pastor, Kyries for the church year (not reprinted in Sehling), the Nicene Creed, the same in German, Latin prefaces (not reprinted in Sehling), exhortation to communicants, Vater Unser and Verba, Thanksgiving collect, marriage order, Latin versicles and collects for the church year (not reprinted in Sehling). Calenberg-Göttingen 1542 (Erfurt, 1542) s [7/13/93] - official
Corvinus, Anton. Christliche, Bestendige vnnd in der Schrifft vnd Heiligen Veteren wolgegrünte Verklerung vn[d] Erleuterung, der fürnemesten Artikel vnser waren Alten Christlichen Religion, Für Arme Einfeltige Pfarrherrn, Jnn den Druck gegeben — Catechismus odder Kinder lahr ausgelegt, Und... in besondere predigt gestellet... — Christliche Kirchen Ordnung, Ceremonien u. Gesenge... — Ordnung der Confirmation... [d. Herzogin Elisabeth]. Cited in Graff 1:34. Graff specifies the KO as Kalenberg- Göttingen, Graffschaft Spiegelberg, usw. After the death of Erich II in 1584 Kalenberg-Göttingen fell to Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel until 1634. The Wolfenbüttel catalog specifies the order as Braunschweig- Calenberg.
C\h\riôtliche Kirchen | Ordnung/ Ceremonien vnd Gesen | ge/ F\#ºr arme vngeôchickte Pfarr= | herrn geôtelt vnd in den Druck | gegeben. | [coat of arms, 100 @ 92 mm.] || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Erffurd durch | Melcher Sachôôen/ Jnn der | Archen NOE. | {ANNO. M. D. XLII.}
%Size: 147 @ 87 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4 a–r^4 s^2 t^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 A3 O3 d3 r2); i2–3 with arabic numerals %Pagination: 166 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1542 04 - b1 A2 ?$W : b2 t3 h$me %Preface: by `Elizabeth, Geborne Marggraffin zu Brandenburg, etc. Hertzogin zu Braunschweig vnd Leunenburg Widtwe" and dated `Münden etce. Jm Jar der minderzal. 42." %Music: Notation for the Introit, Kyrie, Et in terra, Epistle, Alleluia, Gospel, Glaube, Preface, Sanctus, Our Father, Verba, Agnus dei and a few proper hymns for the Holy Trinity mass (K1^b–P4^a), and for Advent (P4^b–V3^b), Christmas (V4^a–a4^a), Purification (a4^b–d4^a), Leiden Christi d4^b–h1^a), Easter (h1^b–l2^a), Ascension (l2^b–o3^b) and Pentecost (o4^a–s2^a)
Saturday and festival eve Vespers in the cities: begin with Deus in adiutorium ending with the Gloria patri, then the boys sing an antiphon de tempore and three psalms with devotion (f. A4^a), then a hymn de tempore (pure), then a versicle and antiphon and Magnificat in German or Latin. Then a chapter from the New Testament is read with the summary. Then a Collect and the Benedicamus. Confession for communicants. (f. A4^b)
Vespers in the villages: unlike in the cities, it has seldom been the case that Vespers has been sung. In places where singing cannot be done, the order is as follows (f. B2^b): after work (at 3:00 or 4:00 P.M.) the bells are rung. The Opfermann sings with the people one or three German psalms. Then the Pfarherr reads and preaches on the Catechism. Then the closing with the Da pacem domine sung. Then confession.
Sundays and festivals in the cities: Matins begins with Deus in adiutorium. Then the Invitatory and Venite, then three psalms with one or three antiphons (f. B3^a). Then a boy reads a lesson from the Old Testament or New Testament, then a responsory is sung. Three lessons and three responsories may be done at the discretion of the Pfarherr and Schulmeister. Then the Te deum in German, alternating verse by verse between choir and congregation. For this the Opfermann leaves the choir and directs the congregation. Then a chapter from the New Testament is read with the summary. Then the Benedictus with an antiphon is sung, then a Collect, Benedicamus and Da pacem domine in German or Latin. In villages no Matins is held, since the Pfarrherr has no help. (f. B3^b)
Order of the Mass: the choir sings the Introit slowly (f. B4^a), then the Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra (or Allein Gott instead of the Et in terra). Then the Collect and Epistle. And it would be good if the same Epistle were sung or read to the people in German. Then the choir sings the Halleluia (if pure; if not, a German psalm is sung with the congregation). Then the Sequence (Easter to Pentecost: Victime paschali; Pentecost to Trinity: Veni sancte spiritus; Trinity for as long as the Pfarherr desire, De sancta trinitate; Christmas to Purification: Grates nunc omnes); between each verse the common German hymn is sung (Easter: Christ ist erstanden; Pentecost: Nu bitten wir; Christmas: Gelobet seiestu; etc.). (f. B4^b) Then the Gospel is sung. Then "Credo in vnum Deum," the entire church answering Wir glauben. Then the sermon. (f. C1^a) Then an exhortation to prayer. Then the Vater Unser. Then the Apostles Creed in German (!) (apparently the congregation says only the Amen, which is capitalized). (f. C2^b) Then the Ten Commandments are read. Then the general confession (f. C3^a) and absolution (C3^b). Then the Pfarrherr goes to the altar and prepares for communion, during which a German psalm is sung. Then he sings the Preface, and the service continues as is printed in the accompanying order (see below). When there are no communicants, the service is done through the Patrem, the Preface being omitted. But a psalm or two is done after the sermon, and a Collect closes the service.
Mass in the villages: the order should be kept as closely as possible, but a psalm may be sung in place of the Introit, the Et in terra, the Halleluia and the Sequence. (f. C4^a)
Vespers on Sundays and festivals: as on Saturday, except that the lesson is different. (f. C4^b)
Weekday services: in the cities, there is singing every day, as follows (f. D2^b): after the Deus in adiutorium the Schulmeister sings the Veni sancte spiritus in German or Latin, then one or two psalms with a Christian antiphon. Then the Te Deum in German or Latin, according to whether there are many people in the church. Then a chapter from the New Testament is read with the summary, then a common prayer, then the Benedictus and an antiphon, then a Collect and the Benedicamus. On Wednesdays and Fridays a sermon replaces the lesson, and the Wittenberg Litany is sung after the sermon (f. D3^a). Special instructions for the year follow on the three subsequent pages.
Festivals observed with Abendmahl: Marian festivals (Annunciation, Purification, Visitation), all apostles' days, John the Baptist, Mary Magdalene, Michaelis, New Year's Day, Epiphany; also Christmas (3 days), Holy Innocents, Maundy Thursday (there is a service every day during Holy Week), Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days). (f. D4^a–E1^b).
Details of the music (f. K1^b–s2^a):
Heilige Dreyfaltigkeit: Introit (Gebenedeiet sey die Heilige Dreyfaltigkeit vnnd auch die vngeteilte einikeit...); Kyrie; Gloria; Epistle; Alleluia; Gospel; Glaube (Wir glauben all); Preface (the usual); Sanctus (Jesaia dem Propheten); Our Father (as in Nürnberg 1639, p. 6 of notes); Verba (new); Agnus dei (O lamb Gottes vnschuldig). NOTES: The Sequence in pure and may be sung in Latin. The Vater Unser is sung or said at the beginning of the sermon (and later, too!). After the sermon the choir sings "Es wolt vns Gott gnedig sein" or "Gott der Vater wone vnns bey." Then the Priester sings "Der HErre sey mit euch." The choir answers: "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then the offertory follows (but a German psalm is sung by the congregation in its place). The Agnus Dei follows the Thanksgiving after communion. After the Benediction comes "Lasset vns den HERREN preisen, Alleluia" with the choir answering "Dancket dem HERREN, Alleluia," then the Da pacem, Verley vns friden etc. with the Collect ("mit der Collecten").
Advent: Introit (HERRE ich erheb meine Seel zu dir); Kyrie; Gloria; Epistle; Gospel; Glaube (Wir glauben, not reprinted); Preface; Sanctus (Jesaia dem Propheten); Our Father (as for Trinity); Verba (as for Trinity); Agnus dei (Christe du lamb Gottes). NOTES: a German psalm replaces the offertory. The Priester prays a Collect for the government during the Sanctus. The Benediction seems to be the last thing in this service.
Christmas: Introit (Vns ist ein Kind geboren); Kyrie (the chant Kyrie on which Kyrie, God Father is based); Gloria; Epistle; Alleluia; Sequence (Danck sage[n] wir alle Got vnserm Herrn Christo); Gelobet seistu Jesu Christ; Glaube (Wir glauben, not reprinted); Preface; Sanctus (Jesaia, not reprinted); Our Father (as for Trinity); Verba (as for Trinity); Jesus Christus unser Heiland; Agnus dei (O lamb Gottes). NOTES: Gelobet seistu Jesu Christ is sung after the Sequence. "Ein Kindelein so löbelich" replaces the offertory. "Der tag der ist so freudenreich" is sung after the Collect following the Agnus Dei. A passage from Isaiah is read after the Benediction.
Liechtmessen (Purification): Introit (Herr Gott wir haben im mittel des tempels); Kyrie (as for Christmas) Gloria; Epistle (not notated); Mit fried vnd freud (sung before the Gradual); Gospel and Glaube not notated; Preface; Sanctus (Jesaia, not notated); Our Father (see Trinity); Verba (see Trinity); Agnus dei (Christe, du lam Gottes). NOTES: Before the Gradual "Mit Fried vnd freud" is sung.
Leiden Christi: Introit (Jm namen Jhesu sollen sich bigen alle knie der Himlischen jrdisch vnd der Hellisch); Kyrie (see Advent); Gloria (see Advent); Alleluia (!); Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott sung in place of the Sequence; Preface; Sanctus (Jesaia, not reprinted); Our Father (see Trinity); Verba (see Trinity); Agnus (O Lamb Gottes, not reprinted). NOTES: "Gott sey gelobet" is sung after the Sanctus. Not sure when this service occurs; it would seem to be Good Friday, but the order does not indicate a communion service for that day (see above).
Easter: Introit (Jch bin erstanden vnd bin nach bey dir Alleluia); Kyrie; Gloria; Alleluia; Sequence (Last vns Christen alle singen lob vnserm Osterlemlein, to the melody Victimae paschali; the words to the latter are written in by hand); German psalm sung in place of the Offertory; Preface; Sanctus (Jesaia, not reprinted); Our Father (see Trinity); Verba (see Trinity); Agnus (O Lamb Gottes).
Ascension: Introit; Kyrie; Gloria; Alleluia; Sequence (see Easter); Preface; Sanctus (Jesaia, not reprinted); Our Father (see Trinity); Verba (see Trinity); Agnus (O Lamb Gottes).
Pentecost: Introit; Kyrie; Gloria; Alleluia; German psalm sung in place of the Offertory; Preface; Sanctus (Jesaia, not reprinted); Our Father (see Trinity); Verba (see Trinity). f. 24^b–t3^a - special instructions for Matins on festivals.
Calenberg-Göttingen [1542] s [11/10/95] - cloister
Corvinus, Anton. Ordenungh vor die klosterleuth, in welcher sonderlich angezeigt wirth, was solche orden vor einen grunth in der heiligen schrift und fornembsten vetern haben, desgleichen, wie sich hinfuro solche leuthe in dem loblichen furstenthumb herzogen Erichs des jungern halten sollen. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 6:2:844–54.
Notes from Sehling.
Four sermons are held weekly in both men's and women's cloisters: two on Sunday and one each on Wednesday and Friday.
Matins rung at 4:30, begun at 5:00: "Deus in adiutorium" sung, then Venite, 3 psalms with their antiphons, 3 lessons with 3 responsories, then the Te Deum with the Benedictus and a collect. Lauds is not observed on weekdays, but on Sundays and festivals it is sung with the usual antiphon(s), Benedictus and collects, and with this Matins is closed.
Prime, Terce, Sext and None are sung at the usual time with the usual psalms, antiphons and collects. Ditto with Vespers and Compline.
The Salve Regina is contrary to Scripture and may not be sung, but the Salve, rex Christe may be sung in its place. The residents must coordinate the Daily Office schedule with the preachers so that the sermons are not displaced or hindered. (p. 851)
Mass: may be sung in Latin, as is customary, except that the Vater Unser and Verba should always be sung or read aloud in German. The residents should also learn to sing the German psalms and Lieder, so that the laity receive practice in those as well. (p. 852)
Calenberg-Göttingen 1544 ([Hannover, 1544]) s [7/14/93] - official
Corvinus, Anton. Christlike Kercken Ordeninge, Ceremonien unde Gesenge, Vor arme ungeschickede Parheren yn dem löffliken Förstendome Hertogen Ericks, gestelt... Mit einer Vorrede, Ant. Coruini. Cited in Graff 1:34. A translation of the 1542 order into Low German, but without the special instructions at the end for festivals.
[Within a compartment: various angelic beings playing musical instruments and performing other work, 154 @ 112 mm. enclosing 75 @ 57 mm.] [red flower pointing down and to the left] Chriôtlike | Kercken Ordenin= | ge/ Ceremonien vn= | de Geôenge/ Vor arme vn= | geôchickede Parheren yn dem | löffliken Förôtendome Her | togen Ericks/ geôtelt vn= | de yn den Druck gege= | uen. | Mit einer Vorrede/ | Ant. Coruini. || [Colophon:] Gedr#ºcket yn der löffli= | ken Stadt H\annouer | dorch H\enninck R#ºdem. | {M. D. XLIIII.}
%Size: 142 @ 90 mm. (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2F^4 2G^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 G3 2G2 +G–L4); gathering G signed H, 2E2 signed 2E3 %Pagination: 118 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1544 04 - b1 A2 an/$t : b2 2G de$bi %Preface: by `Elizabeth, Geborem Marckgraffin tho Brandenborch, etc. Hertoginne tho Brunswig vnde Lünenborch..." and dated `Münden, etc. Ym jare des ringern tals. xlij." Second preface to `Allen Parheren vnde Kerckendenern des löffliken Förstendomes Hertogen Ericks" by `Antonius Coruinus dessüluen Förstendomes Superintendens" and dated `Pattensen am Dinstage na Agnetis, Anno etc. xliiij.' %Music: same as for the 1542 order (f. M3^b–2G^1)
A translation of the 1542 order into Low German.
Coburg 1524 s [11/23/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:542–43.
Notes from Sehling. Coburg is in Saxony. This agenda was passed by the city council.
Early mass (Fruemess): not more than one in a day to be observed. First Introit, then Kyrie, Gloria, Collect, chapter from an epistle read to the people in German in place of the Epistle (lect. cont.), Gradual with Alleluia and Verse (but no Sequence), chapter from a gospel read to the people in German (lect. cont.), Creed, Offertory and Minor Canon omitted. Then "dominus vobiscum, sursum corda, gratias agamus, vere dignum etc." The choir sings the Sanctus, and the priest says "Qui pridie..." and elevates the bread. Then "Simili modo postquam coenavit etc.," elevating the chalice. At the end of the "Ossana" he begins to pray "Oremus: praeceptis salutaribus moniti, pater noster." Then the exhortation to the communicants: "Mein allerliebsten in gott etc." Then the Priester sings the Pax Domini, and the choir sings the Agnus Dei, "unter welchem der priester die leut bericht, so anderst communicanten vorhanden," then the Dominus with Collect (the "complend und benedicamus") with the Benediction. The following sentence is emphasized: "Doch solt hiemit in diesem vorschlag was ein jeder in canone minori und majori halten oder nit halten woll, kein gesetz sein gewissen zu beschweren gegeben sein." That is, each priest is free to decide whether to use or omit the Major and Minor Canons. (p. 542)
High mass: as stated, except that on holy days the Epistle and Gospel are read to the people in German from the pulpit, and on weekdays from the altar on a Pult.
Vespers: on evenings and holy days first the "Deus in adjutorium," an antiphon "von der historien," to which tone several psalms are sung, then the antiphon, then a chapter from the Old Testament is read in German by the Priester to the people from the pulpit or altar in place of the Chapter (lect. cont.), then a responsory is sung, then the versicle "Dirigamus," then a sermon ("vespertina oratio"), then the Magnificat with the antiphon "von der historien," then the Dominus vobiscum with Collect d.t. and Benedicamus. (p. 543)
Colberg 1586 (1586) s [3/6/95] - cloister
[Colbergische closter-ordeninge und ceremonien]. Manuscript. The order is for a women's cloister. REPRINT: Sehling 4:500–506.
Notes from Sehling.
Morning and afternoon when the women assemble they begin by singing "Nu bidde wi den hiligen geist" or "Ick danke di, lever herr." Then about three psalms. The Preacher (Pastor) or in his absence, the Koster, begins the singing and closes with a collect. A very long list follows of hymns (psalms) for every week of the church year. After the psalms a part of Luther's catechism is recited by a single person. Then a hymn is sung (list given according to season). Then the morning Benediction with three prayers, closing with the singing of "Si loff und ehr mit hogen preis." The German Litany may be read or sung "sangsweise" from time to time.
At four o'clock (summer) or three o'clock (winter) is sung "Nu bidde wi den hiligen geist" followed by three psalms, then the part of the catechism with the explanation that was done before noon, then the hymn d.t., then Benediction with three prayers, then the German Magnificat and "Herr, nu lestu dinen diener mit friede." If the Pastor or Koster reads a German collect, the service is closed with "Si loff und ehr mit hogen pris."
Corbey 1690 (Hildesheim, 1690) s [8/13/93]
Dess Hochwürdigsten... Herrn Christophori Erwöhlt u. bestättigten Abbten Dess... Stiffts Corbey, Erneuerte Kirchen-Ordnung.
Not sure whether this is Catholic or Protestant. Anyway, there is no agenda.
Danzig 1557 s [8/8/94] - official
[Kirchenordnung]. In Latin. One page only. REPRINT: Sehling 4:181.
Notes from Sehling.
Matins on Sundays and festivals: the Minister begins as usual, the choir responding with the invitatory or hymn, antiphon with psalms, concluding with the antiphon. The people sing a German hymn. Then the catechism is explained, then another German hymn. The choir sings the verse antiphon, Benedictus, antiphon, or, in place of the antiphon and Benedictus, the Te deum laudamus. The Minister prays the Collect, and the choir concludes with the Benedicamus.
Mass: as is customary in Latin, except for the Lord's Prayer, Preface and Words of Consecration.
Vespers on Sundays and festivals: the Minister begins as usual, the choir responding with the antiphon, psalms and repetition of the antiphon, then the people sing a German hymn, then the Minister begins a talk on the Epistle, then the people sing a German hymn, the choir sings a versicle, responsory, antiphon, Magnificat, antiphon, then the Minister [sings] a collect and the choir the Benedicamus.
Matins on weekdays: the Minister begins, the choir responds with the antiphon, psalms and antiphon, the Minister reads a chapter from the Old Testament (lectio continua) with the summary of Veit Dietrich (Viti Theodorici), the people sing a German hymn, the choir a versicle, hymn or responsory, antiphon, Nunc dimittis, the Minister a collect, and the choir the Benedicamus. On Friday the Litany is sung.
Vespers on weekdays: the Minister begins, the choir responds, antiphon, psalms, the Minister reads a lesson from the New Testament with the summary of Dietrich (lect. cont.), the choir sings the antiphon, Magnificat, antiphon, the Minister a collect, and the choir the Benedicamus. (p. 181)
Danzig 1567 s [8/8/94] - parish
Verzeichniss und ordnung, wie es mit predigt und anderem in der pfarrkirche zu St. Marien zu halten. Manuscript dated July 23, 1567. REPRINT: Sehling 4:186–87.
Notes from Sehling.
Holy days (listed on a sheet bound with the order, dated the same date): Easter, Pentecost, Christmas (3 days each), New Year's, Epiphany, Conversion of Paul, Purification (Lichtmess), Matthias, Annunciation, Mark, Philip and James, Ascension, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul, Visitation, James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Michael, Luke, Simon and Jude, Andrew and Thomas. The Litany is sung Tuesdays and Thursdays by the choir. From the order itself:
Matins, Mass and Vespers on whole holy days with singing, organ and other ceremonies, as has been the case. On Sundays the German Litany is sung by the Schüler between the Epistle and Gospel. Predigten are held on Tuesdays and Thursdays, with the Litany by the choir. On Monday, Wednesday and Friday the usual "lectiones und gesenge" are held (with examination of the youth). On the same three days Vespers is held at 2:00. The Wochner from among the Diaconis begins with Deus in adiutorium. The cantor with the Schüler answers with an antiphon, then the Schüler sing one or two psalms, then the Wochner reads a chapter from the New Testament with the summary of Dietrich. Then the Schüler sing the Magnificat or Benedictus or Domine Deus Abraham, sometimes in Latin, sometimes in German, or Erhalt uns Herr or the German Vater Unser is sung, then the Wochner reads a Collect, and the Schüler close with the Benedicamus; all should conclude within a half hour. (p. 187)
Danzig 1570 s [8/8/94] - official
[Kirchenordinanz]. Cited in Graff 1:25. Manuscript. Graff: contains only recommendations, but is based on the actual circumstances. The Danzig formulas are based on the agenda for Pommern of 1569; the Wittenberg (i.e., Mecklenburg) KO was also used. REPRINT: Sehling 4:188–90. Notes from Sehling.
Holy days and Sundays as usual, the Minister beginning Domine labia mea aperies, the choir responding with invitatory and Venite hymn, then antiphon and one or two psalms, then responsory d.t.f., then Benedictus or Te Deum in German, then Benedicamus. (Foregoing order of service in Latin)
Mass and Vespers as formerly done, except that on ordinary Sundays and holy days the Litany is sung in German by the people ("in grosser versammlung") between the Epistle and Gospel; because this takes time the organ playing and other Latin songs are omitted. In all parish churches on days when there is no sermon a brief "messmen" and Vesper are sung by the Schüler and the precepter. (p. 188)
Danzig 1572/1612 (Danzig, [1572/1612])
[For the Marienkirche]. Cited in Graff 1:25. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 4:197.
No agenda.
Danzig 1604 ([Danzig, 1604]) s- [8/10/93]
Eines Erbaren Raths der Stadt Dantzig Ordnung, wie es hinfort in allen ihren Dorffschafften mit folgenden Sachen sol gehalten werden.
Just a few leaves with ordinances for Sunday; no liturgy.
Danzig 1612 s [8/9/94] - official
Alte kirchenordnung der kirchen Sanct Marien, in der rechten stadt Dantzig, nach itzigen zustande, und wie es mit allen derselben kirchenofficianten, nach dem gefallenen babstthumb biss dahero gehalten worden und noch gehalten wird. Item schulordnung der schulen daselbst, wie sie die itzige kirchenväter vor sich gefunden, und in etzlichen puncten verbessert. Durch die dahie bestellten kirchenväter oder vorsteher aufs neue revidiret und artickelweise in eine gewisse ordnung gebracht. Im jahre 1612. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 4:197–218.
Notes from Sehling.
Article 32 is the Chorordnung. Indicates that the "Chor" is upstairs in the church or in front of the church at a higher elevation: "Mit den knaben in der schule soll des chors wegen solche ordnung gehalten werden, das diejenigen, so zum figuralgesang (wie mans nennet) täglich mit ihren praeceptoribus an feier- und sontagen vormittage zu bestimmter zeit aufs chor gehen und nach dem singen herunter in die kirche, da sie in ihren dazu verordneten stulen predigt hören und nach vollendung derselben wiederumb das ampt verwalten sollen, desgleichen soll es zur vesper vor und nach der predigt auch also gehalten werden."
The boys from classes 1, 2 and 3 with the Schulgesellen sing Matins Mondays and Fridays; on Tuesdays and Thursdays they sing the Litany. The boys from the first and second classes also sing for Saturday Vespers. (p. 211)
Danzig 1618 (Danzig, 1618) s [8/11/93] - semiofficial
Formul der christlichen Ceremonien, welche in den evangelischen Kirchen zu Dantzigk... gebreuchlich sein. Cited in Graff 1:25. Graff: author given as J. Walther; based on the 1570 KO (König, p. 22).
[Within a frame:] Formul | Der Chriôtlichen Ceremonien/ | W\elch\\e in den | Euangeliôchen Kir= | chen zu Dantzigk/ Bey verhand= | lung des Hochwürdigen Abend= | mals/ etc. gebreuchlich ôein. | Sampt einer Vorrede an den Chriôtli= | chen Leôer/ Darinnen ein kurtze vnterweiôung | zur Gottôeligkeit angezeiget/ vnd auff et= | liche Streitpunct kürtzlich geant= | wort wird. | Allen Einfeltigen vnnd Jungen Leuten | zum vnterricht geôtellet/ Wie ôie ôich ôelbôt | prüfen/ vnd zum würdigen gebrauch des heili= | gen Abendmals bereiten ôollen. | [device, 16 @ 36 mm.] | Gedruckt zu Dantzigk/ durch | Andream Hünefeldt/ Jm | Jahr 1618.
%Size: 125 @ 66 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 8º: A–O^8; $1–5 signed (–A1 B4 C4 K5) %Pagination: 112 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1618 08 - b1 A2 utu : b2 O5 ens %Preface: `M. JOHANNES WALTHERUS, Evangelischer Prediger, zu S. Johannis, in Dantzigk." ... `Geben zu Dantzigk, den 14. Februarij, Anno 1618." %Music: none
Gives mostly just liturgical texts. The Words of Institution are to be sung according to the Mecklenburg KO. After the communion the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der HERRE sey mit euch." The choir answers "Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then the Priester sings the Thanksgiving collect (f. D8^b), followed by "Der HErr sey mit euch" and the Benediction. (f. E1^a)
Danzig 1708 (Danzig, [1708]) s [8/11/93] - official
Verordnung E. E. Rahts Die Einrichtung der geistlichen Ampts-Geschäffte und Kirchen-Gebethe Bey der Evang.-Luth. Gemeine der Stadt Dantzig belangend. Cited in Graff 1:25. Graff: almost identical to 1618 but with emergency baptism, adult baptism, wedding of fallen couples added (Schnaase, p. 131).
V\erordn#ºng | E\. E\. R\ah\ts\ | D\ie | E\inrich\\tung | D\er geiôtlichen A\mpts=G\eôchäffte | und K\irchen=G\ebeth\e | Bey der Evangeliôch=Lutheriôchen Gemeine | der S\tadt D\antzig | belangend/ | {®publicirt Menôe Mart.¯ 1708.} | [rule] | DANTZJG/ | Gedruckt und verlegt durch E. Edl. Hochw. Rahts | und des {Gymnaôii} Buchdruckern/ | Johann=Zacharias Stollen.
%Size: 157 @ 117 mm. (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: A–N^4 O^4(O3+1); $1–3 signed (–A1,3 D3 E2 F3 G3 K2) %Pagination: 57 leaves: pp. {1–2} 3–112 [{2}]
%Fingerprint: 1708 04 - b1 A2 nd$b : b2 O3 gege %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none Form of public confession, for use in Vespers when there is communion the next day (p. 28–35).
Abendmahl: the Priest sings the Vater Unser, and the Chorus answers Amen! (p. 36). Then the exhortation, ending with a collect for the worthy reception of the sacrament (p. 38), and the Verba are sung. After the communion the Prediger sings "Dancket dem HErren, denn Er ist sehr freundlich, Halleluja." The Choir answers "Und seine Güte währet ewiglich; Halleluja." Then the Prediger sings "WJr dancken dir...." (p. 39) The choir sings Amen! Prediger: "Der HErr sey mit Euch." Chor: Und mit deinem Geiste." Prediger: "Der HErre, erhebe sein Angesicht über euch, und gebe euch seinen Frieden." Chor: "Amen." (p. 40) Note: this is the same truncated Benediction used in the 1618 order, where I thought it was a misprint. It is the only place I have seen this instead of the Aaronic Benediction.
Festivals: 3 high feasts (number of days is not specified, but I don't think it was just one), New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, Michaelis and Good Friday, also the official Buá- Danck-Fest und Beth-Tage: these are all observed as a Sunday. Half-day festivals are Maundy Thursday, Andrew, Thomas, Matthias (p. 49), Philip and James, John, Peter and Paul, Visitation, James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, with one sermon on each day. If Annunciation falls during Holy Week or Easter week, it is observed on Quasimodogeniti. (p. 50)
The Litany is read after the sermon on Sundays in the midday and Vesper sermons and in the weekly sermon. (p. 61)
Dessau 1532 s [11/15/95] - official
Hausmann, Nicolaus. [Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:540–43.
Notes from Sehling.
Weekday sermons held Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday with Matins; Monday, Wednesday and Friday after the psalms a German lesson from the Old or New Testament is read, then a Latin responsory or German Lidlein, then the German Benedictus (alternating choirs, or in unison with the people) ("...folgende das deuzsch benedictus, ein chor umb einen andern oder gar deuzsch mit dem gemeinen volk..."), then an antiphon, catechism, litany or "was sich reimen wirt und die zeit leidet," then collect and blessing. In Lent the German Litany is sung Monday, Wednesday and Friday. (p. 540) In Advent something Latin is done at Matins, such as the Sequence or the Hymnus. At 8:00 the hours are held every day, as previously, but on Friday at 9:00 "gesungen werden und complirt."
Sunday Matins: rung at 4:00 in summer (doesn't say what time in winter!). Vespers on Sundays and holy days is held with a German chapter read from St. Paul that otherwise is read as the Epistle for the day, then the Magnificat is sung and pro pace in German. (p. 541)
Confession is held after Vespers until 4:00 or 5:00.
Holy days: Christmas (3 days — "mit zweien tagen"), New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Corpus Christi, John the Baptist, Visitation, Mary Magdalene, Lawrence, Assumption, Nativity of Mary, Michaelis, All Saints, St. Martin, all apostles' days (morning only), Vigil of Easter, Vigil of Christmas. It would be good if the watch were held on Christmas and Easter Eve, as formerly. (p. 542)
Dresden 1574 s [11/24/95] - parish
Greyser, Daniel. [Untitled order for the Kreuzkirche]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:555–56.
Notes from Sehling. The author is pastor and superintendent in Dresden.
Saturday Vespers: "Deus in adjutorium etc." with response "Domine ad adjuvandum me festina etc." The boys begin the antiphon, then psalms, then antiphon repeated by all. Then chapter read in Latin from the Bible, then the same in German to the people. Then responsory, Hymnus, Magnificat with its antiphon. Then "Da pacem domine in diebus etc." Then "Verlei uns frieden" in German. Then the Benedicamus and "Deo gratias."
Matins: "Domine labia mea etc. Et os meum etc. Deus in adjutorium, etc. Domine ad adjuvandum. Invitatorium: venite excultemus [{sic}]." Then antiphon, psalm, antiphon repeated. Then chapter from the Bible or the Gospel for the day. Then the responsory and sermon on the catechism. Then "Erhalt uns Herr," "Danksagen wir alle" or "Verleihe uns frieden." Then the choir sings alternately the Te deum, the Benedictus [and] the Quicunque vult. Then collect and Benedicamus.
Mass: "Gelobet sei der herr gott Israel" with its antiphon. Then Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra, Dominus vobiscum, Collect, Epistle in Latin, Epistle in German to the people, Alleluia, Sequence or German Litany or another German song, Gospel in Latin, then the same in German to the people, "Credo patrem, wir glauben alle an einen gott," sermon, Preface, Vater Unser, Verba in German, Communion, during which is sung the Agnus Dei, Sanctus, "Gott sei gelobet," "Jesus Christus unser heiland," Post- communion, "Wir danken dir," Benediction.
Midday sermon: rung around 1:00, the organ plays the first verse of a German Gesang and the girls [!] and servants sing it throughout, plus the church sings throughout the hour from 1:00 until 2:00. ("Luditur in organis germanicae alicujus cantionis primus versus, puellae et famulae canunt totam cantionem germanicam, canit autem ecclesia, per totam illam horam ab undecima usque ad duodecimam.") Then the sermon on the Gospel, closing with "Danksagen wir alle."
Vespers: "Deus in adjutorium," "Domine ad adjuvandum," antiphon, psalms, Gospel for the day read to the people in German, responsory, Hymnus, Magnificat, catechism held with the girls and scholars, then "Verleihe uns frieden," "Herr nun lestu deinen diener," the antiphon "Salva nos domine vigilantes," "Vigila super nos aeterne salvator," or "Pacem tuam quaesumus domine." Then the Nunc dimittis, Mit Friede und Freude. Then the Collect and Benedicamus.
Weekdays: the Prediger holds a sermon on Tuesdays and Fridays, a Deacon holds it on Wednesdays, and the Pfarherr on Thursdays in the hospital. The text on Wednesday is the catechism and on Friday the Gospel for the following Sunday. (p. 555)
Matins on weekdays: held at about 7:00 with "Deus in adjutorium," "Domine ad adjuvandum," the hymn "Jam lucis orto sidere," antiphon, psalms, chapter from the Bible in Latin and German, antiphon, Benedictus, antiphon repeated, Collect, Benedicamus, Deo gratias.
Vespers on weekdays: "Deus in adjutorium," "Domine ad adjuvandum," antiphon, psalms, chapter from the Bible in Latin and German, responsory for the Sunday, Hymnus "O lux beata trinitas," "Te lucis ante terminum," "Lucis creator optime lucem dierum" or "Deus creator omnium polique rector." Then antiphon, Magnificat, Collect, Benedicamus, Deo gratias.
There is figural music every four weeks at Sunday mass, also at the festival of John and at weddings. Visitations of the sick, baptisms and weddings are conducted according to the order of Herzog Heinrich. (p. 556)
Eilenburg 1529 s [11/24/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:560.
Notes from Sehling. This agenda resulted from the visitation of 1529. It is for "Unser lieben frauen kirch ufm berge vor dem schloss."
Sundays and festivals in place of Matins the Diacon holds mass if there are communicants, in which the Pfarrer preaches on the Sunday or festival. In the afternoon Vespers is held with the hymn and lesson sung, with a sermon (on the catechism one Sunday, and on an Old Testament lesson or the Sunday Epistle the next), closing with the Magnificat, versicles and Collect, omitting the "suffragia sanctorum."
During the week sermons are held Monday and Tuesday by the deacon, Thursday and Friday by the Pfarrer, and Saturday by the other deacon or the Pfarrer, with Gesenge before and after the sermon. Catechism sermons are held four times a year for several days in succession. The German Litany is sung on Sunday, Wednesday and Friday. The deacon "ufm berge" preaches one day a week (normally Thursday) and on Sunday on the catechism. If the people want to hear other sermons they can go to church on other days in the city. (p. 560)
Eisfeld 1554 s [11/24/95] - official
Ordenung der kirchen ceremonien vor die pfarher auf den dorfern. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:562–63.
Notes from Sehling. Eisfeld is in Saxony. This agenda resulted from the visitation of 1554.
Sunday morning: a German psalm or spiritual Lied is sung from Luther's hymnal. Then the Epistle is read, then "Erhalt uns her" with the collect pro pace, then the Gospel and the German Patrem, then the sermon on the Gospel, at the conclusion of which the five chief parts are read without the explanation, then the German "Grates nunc omnes" or another brief spiritual Lied is sung, then the Vater Unser is sung, then the exhortation to the communicants, then the Verba for the bread, then distribution of the body, then Verba for the cup, then distribution of the cup. If there are two Ministri and many communicants, the Verba for both parts may be said together, and then the distribution. During the communion "Jesus Christus," "Got sei gelobet" or "Christe du lamb gottes" is sung. Then the Thanksgiving and Blessing.
Sunday afternoon: a catechism hymn from Luther's hymnal is sung, then the Prediger reads the chief parts from the pulpit, without explanation, then the sermon on the Small Catechism of Luther, closing with the common prayer. Then he examines the youth, so that they learn both the catechism and the explanation. Then he sings a psalm or the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in German, closing with the German collect.
If a Pfarher can hold only one sermon because he also has a Filiale to attend to, he should preach for a half hour on the Gospel and a half hour on the catechism, speaking the chief parts word for word without explanation (p. 562).
During the week the Pfarher preaches once on the catechism, with spiritual Lieder of Luther sung before and after the sermon, and the Litany also sung, closing with the collect. If another sermon is held during the week, it is on the Epistle, with songs as usual.
On Easter, Pentecost and Christmas the Gesenge for the festival are used from Luther's hymnal, with the collect. Where there are Latin schools, on Sundays and festivals a Latin Introit and Kyrie may be sung in the morning and a Latin psalm and pure antiphon in the afternoon, and after the sermon the [Latin] Magnificat.
Baptism, confession, visitation of the sick, weddings and burials are held as in the Thuringian agenda; but where the Nürnberg agenda of Dietrich is in use it may continue to be used. (p. 563)
Erbach 1753 - official
Kirchenordnung. Cited in Graff 2:16; see also the {Versuch einer Reformations- und Kirchen-Geschichte der Graffschaft Erbach und Herrschaft Breuberg,} edited by Johann Philipp Wilhelm Luck (Frankfurt/Main, 1772), [Wolfenbüttel: S 39.4º Helmst.], in which the entire liturgy is summarized in great detail.
From Luck, {Versuch}: communion offered once a month (specifically on the 1st Sunday in Advent, Lichtmeá, Palmtag, Easter, Pentecost, St. John or Peter and Paul or Visitation, Bartholomew, Michaelis, All Saints (p. 17).
Order of communion: first a hymn is sung, then the Pfarrer reads a Gebet and the Epistle, then another hymn is sung, then the Pfarrer reads the Gospel, then the Glaube is sung, then the sermon on the Gospel, then the confession and absolution, then the exhortation, then the Pfarrer sings the Vater Unser and Verba, then the distribution, then the Thanksgiving and Blessing (p. 17).
There is quite a bit more information here.
Erfurt 1525 (Erfurt, 1525) s [11/14/95] - semiofficial Teutsch kirchen Ampt von etlichen der furnemesten fest tagen, gantz Christlich zu singen und ynn der schrifft gegründet. Not at: BerlinPS: Dr 9198 (not found). REPRINT: Sehling 2:375–80.
Consists of German propers (Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Collect, Epistle, Alleluia, Sequence, Gospel, Offertory, Preface, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Communion, Thanksgiving collect, Benedicamus) for Easter, Pentecost, Trinity, Rorate, Christmas, Passion.
Feuchtwangen 1563 s [10/30/95] - parish
Verzeichnüs, wie es in beden kirchen alhie zue Feuchtwang gehalten würd. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:399–404.
Notes from Sehling. This order is included with the Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach orders.
I. Services in the Pfarrkirche
Early sermon and communion on Sundays: held in summer after 7:00, in winter at 8:00. The Schulmeister and scholars begin the communion held by a Diaconus with a Latin Introit, then the Kyrie, Et in terra, then a collect in German. Then another deacon reads a lesson from an epistle (lect. cont.) in German. Then the Litany is sung on account of the present death and war, closing with a prayer. Then a lesson from a gospel (lect. cont.). If the Litany is not sung, an alleluia or German psalm is sung in its place. Then a deacon reads the six parts of the catechism for the youth and simple. Then the Creed, alternating Sundays in Latin and German. Then "Kum Hailiger Geist." Then the sermon by the Pfarher. Then the exhortation to communicants. This lasts, when there are not many communicants, something over two hours until sometime between 9:00 and 10:00. If there are no communicants (which is very rare) the service is held in German throughout until just before the exhortation, which is replaced with the psalm "Es woll uns Gott genedig sein" or another, then closing with the Blessing. In this case the service lasts an hour and a half or longer.
Early sermon and communion on holy days: as on Sundays, except that in place of the catechism is a long prayer (space is left for this in the original), then the sermon, everything completed in an hour and a half or a bit more, so that the service is out by 9:00 when there are no communicants. (p. 399) When there are communicants, as on high feasts, the service lasts something over two hours, until 9:30 or 10:00.
Weekday morning sermons on Monday, Tuesday and Friday in the Pfarrkirche: begun about 7:15. A German psalm is sung, then the sermon, on Monday by a Deacon and on Friday by the Pfarherr. Closed with "Erhalt uns, Herr" and a German collect and blessing. If there is a wedding, the Monday sermon is held on Tuesday, and the wedding is held after the sermon. The psalm "Wol dem, der in Gottes forcht stehet" or another is sung, and the rest follows according to the KO. If there are weddings on both Monday and Tuesday, the sermon is held on Monday, and on Tuesday a sermon is held from the book of Sirach [footnote: probably chapter 26], then the wedding, closing with the Blessing.
Wednesdays is a sermon at the Stift by the Stiftprediger.
Thursdays: sermon by the Deacon in the Hospital early morning for the poor and weak, and nothing is sung at this. It is not held from Viti (June 15) to Michaelis, since no one would come on account of the work in the fields.
Midday sermon on Sundays, holy days and festivals: held in the Stift by the Stiftsprediger. Between Easter and Pentecost the children and youth assemble from 1:00 to 2:00 to be instructed and examined in the Small Catechism.
Vespers or Evening Sermon on Sundays: held at 3:00 in summer and at 2:00 in winter. The Schulmaister begins with a German psalm or the Magnificat in German [footnote: probably "Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren"]. Then the large [footnote: "Die Katechismuspredigten"] and small catechism in order are treated by the Prediger and a deacon, closing with the "Dank sagen wir" or "Nunc dimittis" in German and Blessing. Lasts about an hour.
Ditto on holy days and festivals: held at the same time on Christmas, Epiphany, Purification, Easter and Pentecost. Begun with a German psalm or Gesang d.f. Then a deacon holds a sermon on the Epistle or the text of the feast, closing with the Lobgesang "Dank sagen wir alle" or another German psalm. "Auáerhalb dieser fest wuret kain vesperpredigt oder catechismus gehalten."
Ditto on weekdays (Saturdays and holy day eves): confession is held in the morning and afternoon. (p. 400)
II. Services in the Stiftkirche
Matins on Sundays: held at 6:00 in summer and winter. The Matins of the Holy Spirit, the Holy Trinity and the Dedication of the Temple are sung alternating Sundays, with a Nocturne from the first Sunday after Trinity until Advent. From Advent to Trinity the historien d.t. [footnote: that is, Scripture readings not including the psalms] are held: first the psalm "Venite, exultemus Domino" [Ps. 95], then three psalms as appointed in the Historien. Then three lessons: one from the O.T, the second the Epistle for the Sunday, the third the Sunday Gospel with the responsories d.f. (two sung; the third is the Te Deum alternating verses, played by the organ and sung by the choir). Then three psalms—Dominus renavit [Ps. 93], Jubilate Deo omnis terra [Ps. 100] and Laudate Dominum de coelis [Ps. 148]—are sung with the Benedictus, also alternating verses sung and played, with a collect, then closing with the Da pacem, Domine and the collect for peace belonging to it. Lasts an hour and a quarter so that there is time to prepare for the sermon in the Pfarrkirche.
Matins on holy days and festivals (Feiertägen und Festen): also at 6:00, except at 5:00 on Christmas, Easter and Pentecost. In addition to the holy days and festivals specified in the church order, the following are also observed by singing their propers in the Stift: Conversion of Paul [Jan 25], Cathedrae Petri [Feb 22], Mark the Evangelist [Apr 25], Commemoration of Paul [Jun 30], Divisionis apostolorum [Jul 15], Mary Magdalene [Jul 22], Vincula Petri [Aug 1], Lawrence [Aug 10], Beheading of John the Baptist [Aug 29], Michaelis [Sep 29], Luke the Evangelist [Oct 18], All Saints [Nov 1], John the Evangelist [Dec 27] and Holy Innocents [Dec 28]. A Nocturn is sung with three psalms preceding, then three lessons from the epistles and gospels, then three responsories and three above-mentioned psalms (five psalms on the three highest festivals, according to the rubrics for these festivals), closing with the Benedictus and something d.f. played on the organ. Lasts over an hour or hour and a half, and two hours on the three high feasts.
Matins on weekdays: see the KO of July 25, 1535 [footnote: probably the 1533 order at Sehling 4:2]. (p. 401). Begins at 6:30 with three psalms or nocturns from the twelve psalms appointed for the day: Week 1, Day 1—Psalms 1–3; Week 2, Day 1—Psalms 4–6; Week 3, Day 1—Psalms 7–9, etc., so that the psalter is nearly completed in a month. With three lessons from the Old Testament (lect. cont. without Wednesday and Friday) ("mit dreien lectionibus aus dem alten testament"). The second and third lessons are from the epistles of Paul or "canonicis"; the third is from the gospels, with the three responsories and the three psalms appointed for the day. Closing with the Benedictus and a collect. Lasts about 45 minutes to an hour. Prime, Terce, Sext, None and Communion on Sundays, holy days and festivals: held at 8:00, but not held on these days because it interferes with services in the neighboring parish church.
Ditto on weekdays: held Monday through Saturday, with the four offices held on alternating days: one day Prime, the next Terce, and so on. Each is held with its three psalms. Then a brief chapter in Latin, a responsory or versicle and collect with the Da pacem, Domine and the collect assigned to it. Lasts a little over a half hour.
Early sermon: held on Wednesday at 7:15, with a German psalm before the sermon and the Litany afterward, on account of the present need [pestilence]. Lasts about an hour, after which is held one of the above offices.
Marriages for people living in the Stift: held in the parish church normally with figural and organ music.
Midday sermon on Sundays: at 11:30 summer and winter. The Schulmaister sings with the scholars in the church before the service "Nun bitten wir den Hailigen Geist" with its four stanzas. (p. 402) Then the sermon by the Prediger. Then "Erhalt uns, Herr" is sung and played on the organ alternating verses. Closes with a collect and the Blessing. Lasts an hour or a little more.
Midday sermon on holy days and festivals: held as on Sundays. But on the four feasts Christmas, Easter, Ascension and Pentecost the office of None is sung, during which something d.f. is figured and played on the organ, afterwards (after the sermon) with a hymn, sequence or something else d.f. figured and played on the organ, closing with a collect in German and the Blessing at around 1:00.
Vespers and Compline on Sundays: held at 4:00 in summer and at 3:00 in winter after Vespers in the parish church. Five psalms "de dominica Dixit Dominus Domino meo etc. [Ps. 110] cum ceteris vier psalmis oder die psalmen, wie sie die obgedachte festa de Sancto Spiritu, de Trinitate anzaigen und setzen [werden] gesungen." Then the Responsory and Hymns (if they exist for the day) and the Magnificat are sung and played on the organ alternating verse by verse ("versweis"), closing with a collect and the Benedicamus. The Compline (Completorium) follows immediately with four psalms (Psalms 4, 71, 91, 134), then the hymn "Te lucis ante terminum" or another d.t. and the Nunc dimittis are sung and played, then a collect and the Benedicamus. Then the Media vita is sung or [!] played, then finally closing with the collect for sins belonging to it. Vespers and Compline together take a good hour.
Vespers and Compline on holy days and festivals: Vespers held with its appointed five psalms, responsory and hymn d.f. played on the organ and sung, then Compline with its four psalms and hymn "Te lucis" or another hymn d.f., then on the four high festivals with the Gesang belonging to the feast: "Grates nunc omnes," "Christ ist erstanden," "Christ fuer gen himel" and "Nun bitten wir den Hailigen Gaist" sung and played alternating verses; on other days closing with the "Media vita" instead of the festival Gesang. Lasts an hour or longer.
Vespers and Compline on weekdays: five psalms are sung, then the Magnificat and a Vesper collect. At Compline four psalms are sung and the "Te lucis," "Nunc dimittis" and "Media vita," closing with the collect for sins.
For a long time these services have been seriously neglected and performed with a distinct lack of desire. A part, and sometimes the whole, even the German chapter from the New Testament in Terce and Sext and the chapter from the Old Testament at Vespers, has been omitted (p. 403), though these are specified in the order [footnote: probably the Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach Stiftsordnung of 1533], with no one appearing for the services at all. Therefore a reform is ordered. Signed by the Decanus, Stiftprediger, Pfarrer and two Caplans. (p. 404) Frankfurt/Main 1530 s [12/1/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 1:140–42.
Notes from Richter.
Communion: when the church has assembled a psalm is sung in German in a manner that the words can be understood (this was formerly called the Introit), then a prayer for grace and the Holy Spirit with a brief Gesang, as "Nun bitten wir," then a lesson in Latin and German, then the sermon, then the people are commended [to support] the Gemeine Casten, then the Ten Commandments are sung, during which the Altar or Table is prepared with bread and wine, then an exhortation to the communicants ("...dann wir handlen hier nicht schlecht Brot und Wein, sondern Christus [{sic}] Fleisch und Blut"), then the prayer for all sorts and conditions (which includes the paraphrase of the Vater Unser from the Deutsche Messe), then the Words of Christ facing the people, then the communion (the men on the right and the women on the left), during which the entire church sings psalms and other Gesäng[e] for as long as the communion lasts, closing with a Thanksgiving and Benediction. (p. 141)
The supper shall always be held on a Sunday (p. 141), but not necessarily every Sunday. When it is to be held it shall be announced beforehand from the pulpit, and the great bell shall be rung on that morning so that people are aware of it. No one shall be admitted to communion without having previously registered; places to register shall be publicized. (p. 142)
Frankfurt/Main 1554 (Frankfurt, 1554 ) s- [12/5/95] - Reformed
Liturgia sacra, seu ritus ministerii in ecclesia peregrinorum Francofordiae ad Moenum cet. Francofordiae 1554. REPRINT: Richter 2:149-60.
The order is in Latin. According to Richter, the rubrics for the services were essentially copied from the Geneva church order {Formes des prieres ecclesiastiques avec la maniere d'administrer les sacremens et celebrer le mariage et la visitation des malades} (Geneva, 1541). This order was used by the Reformed that fled England during Queen Mary's reign. (p. 149)
Frankfurt/Main 1565 (Frankfurt/Main, 1565) s [8/3/93] - [?]
Kirchenordnung, d. i. Form und weise, nach welcher die reyne Christliche Lere, Sacramenten und allerley nötige Ceremonien... auffs newe getruckt. Cited in Graff 1:45. The copy BerlinPS: 4º Dr 9360^a is bound with the 1565 Frankfurt printing of Veit Dietrich's {Agend Büchlein} and appears to have been printed by the same printer. . Graff: Essentially a reprint of the Mecklenburg order of 1552 with a few changes.
A\gend B\üch\\lein/ | Der Chriôtlichen Euangeliôchen Kir= | chen z#º Franckfurt am Mayn/ darinn die Gebet/ | vnd andere Ceremonien/ ôo bey der Predig Gottes Worts/ | vnd den heiligen Sacramenten daôelbôt gebreuchlich | ôind/ kürtzlich angezeigt werden/ | (begriffen ôind.) | [woodcut, preacher and worshipers with Jesus on the cross, 73 @ 56 mm.] | Getruckt z#º Franckfurt am Mayn/ Anno | {M. D. LXV.} || [Colophon:] Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn/ | durch Martin Lechler/ in verlegung | Sigmund Feyerabends vnd Si= | mon Hüters. | [device, 11 @ 16 mm.]
%Size: 138 @ 98 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: A–D^4 E^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 +B4) %Pagination: 18 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1565 04 - b1 A2 en$ôei : b2 E2 nr#ºffe %Preface: none %Music: none
Contains exhortation to communicants, general prayer, Thanksgiving after communion, Blessing, Verba, and similar parts of the baptismal order; also an order for use with the sick.
Gnandstein 1539 s [11/25/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:564.
Notes from Sehling. Gnandstein is in Saxony. This agenda resulted from the visitation of 1539.
Mass: held whenever there are communicants, but not held otherwise. A Latin or German Gesang is sung for the Introit by the Magister and Schuler, as usual, then the Kyrie three times, then the Gloria and Et in terra. Then the Epistle in German to the "accent und tono" as in Wittenberg, Torgau, Dres[d]en or Leipzig. Then a pure Sequence or spiritual Lied, then the Gospel in German to the tone and accent used in Wittenberg. THen the people sing the Apostles' Creed in German ("Wir gleuben all"), then the sermon on the Gospel, then the Pfarrer or Diacon reads the Vater Unser in German and the exhortation to the sacrament, then the Priester sings the Verba, then the people commune, the priest closing with the collect and Benediction. This form is to be used in villages [as well as in cities].
In other ceremonies, such as the "psalmodia frue morgens" and Vespers, the Pfarrer is to use the form contained in the Saxon visitation of 1538. The Small and Large Catechisms and the Litany are to be diligently practiced with the schoolboys and schoolgirls. (p. 564)
Goslar 1531/1651 s [12/2/95] - official
[Untitled]. Cited in Graff 1:35. Manuscript. Graff gives extensive notes concerning the sources. REPRINT: Richter 1:154–56.
Notes from Richter.
Vespers on Saturdays and festival eves: sung at 2:00 in the Marktkirche.
Holy days: Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Visitation, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, John the Baptist, Michaelis; apostles' days observed with a sermon in the morning. If an apostle's day falls on a Sunday the Gospel for the apostle is read in the morning, and the Gospel for the day is read in the afternoon. When a fine Sequence and Hymnus for the festival is available, such as "Grates nunc omnes" with the German, "Victimae paschali" likewise and "Veni Sancte Spiritus" likewise, it shall be sung. Matins is sung Sundays in the Marktkirche at 5:00 in the summer and at 6:00 in the winter, followed by a brief sermon for the Gesinde.
Mass is held in all parishes at 7:30, sung up until the Glaube. Then the sermon d.t. or d.f., then the exhortation of Luther is read to the people, then the Vater Unser and the Words of Communion, then the distribution. No one shall be admitted to communion unless he is able to recite the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Vater Unser, the Words of Baptism and the Words of Communion, and has given an account of his faith.
Catechism sermons are held in all parishes Sunday afternoons at 12:00, 1:00 or 2:00, depending on the church.
Sermons from the New Testament are held daily at 7:00 in the Marktkirche and twice a week at 6:00 in the other three parish churches. If on a weekday there is more than one person desiring communion, after the sermon the mass is sung or read; but if there is only one communicant it is not sung, but only the words are read ("...sondern man lese nur die Wort").
A sermon on communion is held on Maundy Thursday, and on the Passion on Good Friday. (p. 155)
Gotha 1682 (Meiningen, 1682) i - official
Fürstl. Sachsen Gothaische revidirte und wieder neu-aufgelegte Kirchen-Agenda. Cited in Graff 1:43. Graff: nearly identical to Gotha 1647. Used at: Göttingen: 8º Jus stat. II, 6352.
Fürstl. Sachsen Gothaische revidirte und wieder neu-aufgelegte Kirchen-AGENDA, Für die In Des Durchenlauchtigsten Fürsten und Herrn, Herrn Bernhards, Hertzogs zu Sachsen, Jülich, Cleve und Berg, Landgrafens in Thüringen, Marckgrafens zu Meissen, Gefürsteten Grafens zu Henneberg, Grafens zu der Marck und Ravensberg, Herrns zu Ravenstein, &c. Landen befindliche Pfarrer, Diaconos und Substitutos, Nach welcher sie sich bey öffentlichem Gottesdienste und sonst zu richten haben. || Gedruckt zu Meiningen, Durch Niclaus Hasserten, Fürstl. Sächs. Buchdr. Im Jahr 1682.
%Pagination: [8], 294 p.
The transcription of the title page is in brief form, not full. The following notes are incomplete, as I did not have enough time to finish with this agenda.
First lines of pages (for later identification): p. 7 - nung, deinem Namen diene, auf daá er p. 33 - zur Abgötterey un[d] falschem Gottesdienst, p. 76 - V. Auff das Fest Mari‘ Reinigung. p. 179 - met hin und esset, das ist mein Leib, der
Preface - because of the various ceremonies in use in the realm, the Synod of 18. August 1645 ordered a Kirchenagenda to be published. The territorial changes in 1660 and 1674 demanded revisions to it. The preface is not dated.
There is no particular mention of any required subscription. Included in this document are the three chief symbols, the six chief parts of the catechism, questions on high feast days by Bart. Rosini. p. 45–60 - the office of Communion. Begins with the exhortation to the communicants (there is a choice of exhortations). The first begins: "Ihr allerliebsten in CHristo JEsu, dieweil wir jetzt das Gnadenreiche Abendmahl unsers liebsten Heylandes begehen und halten wollen, darinnen ER uns seinen warhafftigen Leib zu einer Speiá, und sein eigen Blut zu einem Tranck, den Glauben damit zu stärcken, zu geben verheissen hat...." The Words of Institution are included in this exhortation. The second exhortation is Luther's: "ALlerliebsten Freunde in CHristo, Ihr wisset, daá unser HErr JEsus CHristus, aus unaussprechlicher Liebe, diá sein Abendmahl zu letzte hat eingesetzt...." The third begins: "LIeben Freunde CHristi, weil wir hie versamblet sind in dem Namen des HErrn, sein heiliges Testament zu empfahen..." and includes a paraphrase of the Vater Unser. The Vater Unser itself follows and is chanted [see music, p. 53]
During the distribution the usual Lutheran formula is used. There follows a choice of collects: "Pastor. So offt ihr von diesem Brot esset, und vondiesem Kelch trincket. Chorus. Sollet ihr des HErrn Tod verkündigen biá er kömmet. Oder: Pastor. Der HErr sey mit Euch. Chorus. Und mit deinem Geist. Laát uns dem HErrn dancken, und beten: Wir dancken Dir Allmächtiger HErre GOtt..." The Benediction follows. p. 70–112 - collects for Sundays and festival days.
Göttingen 1531 (Wittenberg, 1531)
Christlicke Ordeninge der Stadt Gottingen: Myth eyner vorrede D. Martini Luther. Cited in Graff 1:35. Graff: `nach der Ordenynge der loevelyken Stadt Brunswigk." Not at: BerlinPS: Dr 9416 (not found). REPRINT: Richter 1:142–44.
Richter does not reprint enough of the order to be useful. He reports concerning the communion only that it follows Braunschweig.
Grubenhagen 1538 s [11/10/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 6:2:1028–30.
Notes from Sehling.
Each morning at 4:00 or 5:00 four or five psalms are sung at Matins. Three lessons are read instead of the nine, alternating days from the Old and New Testaments, so that the entire Bible is read once or twice in a year. Then the Te Deum is sung devotionally. In place of Lauds are sung several psalms with the Benedictus, also antiphons, closing with the collect de tempore.
In place of Prime, Terce, Sext and None is sung Psalm 119 (Beati immaculati), several parts sung each day, with antiphons, chapters and collects.
On the high feasts Easter, Pentecost, Christmas and others, such as John the Baptist, Annunciation, and the like, the usual hymns, responsories and antiphons de tempore are sung. All improper Gesenge and ceremonies are abolished, likewise all collects that invoke the saints or the Blessed Virgin, and doctrinally pure responsories, collects and antiphons are substituted. (p. 1029)
At Vesper time on Sundays, festivals and all other days are sung or read in place of Vespers approximately five psalms with antiphons and hymns de tempore, closing with the Magnificat, antiphon and collect de tempore. Then in place of Compline the Compline psalms (Ps. 4 and others) are sung with the antiphons, hymns, and closing with the Nunc dimittis, antiphon and collect. (p. 1030)
Grubenhagen 1544 s [11/10/95] - official
Reformatio, das ist fürstliche braunschweigische kirchenordenung des durchleuchtigen hochgebornen fürsten und hern, hern Philips, herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburgk etc., Grubenhagischen theils, publicirt 1544. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 6:2:1031–39.
Notes from Sehling.
Albs and chasubles are worn for mass, with candles on the altar. The Epistle and Gospel are sung in German to the usual tones.
The Pfarherr and Opperman should teach the people the German hymns from the corrected edition of Luther's hymnal, "damit der ganze haufe [!] und die gemeine mit fleiá helfen singen, Gott loben und danken und seine gnade predigen, bekennen und rhümen, welchs der groste und vornembste gottesdinst ist."
Holy days: Christmas, Stephen, John the Evangelist, Holy Innocents [Dec 28], Easter (3 days), Pentecost (3 days), Michaelis. These are the four chief feasts on which the Vierzeitpenning is collected. Other festivals: Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Visitation, Ascension, John the Baptist. Half-day feasts: Andrew, Thomas, Matthias, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Philip and James, Peter and Paul (p. 1032), James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude.
Every week, either on Wednesday or Friday, and Sundays when there are no communicants, the Litany is sung, preceded by the reading of a chapter from the Bible. (p. 1033)
The Opperman conducts catechism instruction every Sunday afternoon for the children and lay people, and the pastor examines them at least four times per year. (p. 1034)
Parents should make certain that their charges sing only psalms and spiritual songs and not worldly songs. (p. 1036)
Grubenhagen 1581 ([Eisleben], 1581) s [7/14/93] - official
Cited in Graff 1:35. There is a second title page on f. J1: `AGENDA. Das ist. Kirchenordnung..." and a third on f. a1: `ENCHIRIDION. Der kleine Catechismus...." Graff: Anschluá an Sachsen 1580 u.: 2. Abdr. Magdeburg 1594; später die Lüneb. KO. The Wolfenbüttel catalog calls this Braunschweig- Grubenhagen.
[Following top half of initial letter are an ornament, a red acorn pointing up and to the left, and another ornament] D\ÚE\¿s D\urch\\lauch\\= | tigen/ Hochgebornen Fürôten vnd Her= | ren/ Herrn Wolffgangen/ Hertzogen | zu Braunôchweig vnd | Lüneburgk etc. | [red acorn pointing down and to the right] | Chriôtlich\\e O\rdnung\ | vnd Befehl. | W\es sich\\ P\redig\er | vnd Zuhörer in Seiner F. G. Lan= | de/ auff jüngôtgeôchehene {Visitation} | hinfüro verhalten | ôollen. | [red ornament] | {®ANNO¯} | [short rule] | {CI€. I€. XXCI.} || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Eisleben/ bey | Vrban Gaubiôch. %Size: 152 @ 103 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4 a–f^4 g^6; $1–3 signed (–A1 J1 P3 a1 +g4); B2 N1–3 Q1 R1 S2–3 T1 V1 V3 X1 Y2 roman %Pagination: 122 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1581 04 - 1b1 A2 ort/$ : 1b2 Z3 i$e - 2b1 a2 üm : 2b2 g4 eôu %Preface: from `Wolgang [{sic}] Hertzog zu Braunschweig vnd Lüneburgk" and dated `Montag nach Johannis Baptistae, Anno. M. D. LXXXI." %Music: Latin Prefaces for Christmas, Easter, Pentecost and Trinity (N1^a–O1^a), German Preface (O1^a–O4^a), Our Father and Verba (P1^b–P3^a)
Communion office: where there are schools, the usual prefaces (in Latin) may be used on the high feasts (f. N1^a). The exhortation follows. The Vater Unser and Verba are Gotha 1682 (p. 5 of notes). After communion come a Collect and the Benediction.
Hadeln [ca. 1542] s [3/11/95] - official
[Kirchenordnung]. Cited in Graff 1:34. The date 1542 is approximate, as determined by Sehling. The order is based on a prior one of 1526 or 1529, no longer extant. Graff: a reworking of an old KO from 1526, with influence from the Schleswig-Holstein KO of 1542. REPRINT: Sehling 5:465–76.
Notes from Sehling.
The sermon in mass is on the Gospel, after which the catechism is read and the prayers. A sermon on the catechism is held in all parish churches Sundays at 2:00. On Wednesday or Friday a sermon is held on the Epistle. On the Viertagen or holy days the sermon is on the Gospel. The Vier- and Fest-dage are: Christmas and St. John the Evangelist (some mss. add St. Stephen), Easter and Pentecost (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Ascension, Annunciation, Nativity of John the Baptist, St. Michael (2 services, except for Epiphany and John the Baptist (until 1599, when they received two services as well)). Apostles' days are observed with one service, also Visitation, Beheading of John, All Saints and Mary Magdalene. (p. 466)
On Wednesdays and Fridays sermons are held. On Fridays two or three boys sing the Litany after the sermon. On Saturday at 2:00 the Magister with the Gesellen comes into the Chore where the communicants have come for confession. The Pastor or a Predicante makes a brief exhortation, then after the Vespers he hears confession and profession of faith.
Sunday and holy day Matins: the scholars sing one or two psalms with antiphons (antiphonis), long or short, as time permits. In place of the lesson (lection) is sung the Epistle with the responsory, then the Gospel, then the Te Deum in Latin or German. During the singing of the Te Deum the priest puts on mass vestments. One or two candles burn on the altar until the mass is done. After the Collect of Matins has been sung the Prester kneels with the choir and sings "Veni sancte spiritus" in Latin or German. After the Collect the Prester remains sitting and begins the Confession in the same tone, the Cüster answering him. (p. 467) Then the absolution. (One ms. reads here "Nb. dat Confiteor mit des costers absolution ist gefallen.") Then a psalm is sung in place of (or before) the Introit ("vor dem Introitu") for the day, for the Trinity or of the Holy Spirit, or whatever is in accordance with Scripture. Then the Kyrie in Latin or German, Gloria in excelsis, Allein Gott, Collect, Epistle (sung by the Prester), Magister sings the Sequence or a German psalm, Prester sings the Gospel, Magister sings the Glaube with the choir, during which the Preacher mounts the pulpit. The Preacher exhorts the people briefly, then reads the text and preaches the sermon, which is not to last more than an hour. Then the Prediger exhorts the people to prayer and hearing the catechism and reads the Small Catechism to them, then prays for the prince, all preachers and all needful things. When he dismounts from the pulpit the Magister sings a psalm, then the Prester reads the exhortation to the communicants. Then the Preface in Latin (or German if there are no scholars), Sanctus (Preface and Sanctus done only on festivals). Then the Vader unse and Words of Institution. Then the Magister begins "O lamb gottes unschuldig" and "Jesus Christus" or "Gott si gelavet" during the communion. After the communion the Prester sings a collect, then he turns around and gives the Blessing (Aaronic). (p. 468)
Halberstadt 1591 s [10/5/93] - cathedral
[Gottesdienstordnung]. Manuscript. Original not seen; notes taken from G. Arndt, `Die Entwicklung der evangelischen Gottesdienstordnung im Bistum Halberstadt während des 16. Jahrhunderts," {Monatschrift für Gottesdienst und kirchliche Kunst} 18/7 (Juli 1913): 235–43. Arndt found this source in the Königl. Staatsarchiv in Magdeburg. Used at: Urbana: STX 783.05 MO.
Notes from Arndt.
The parish churches in Halberstadt became Lutheran in 1540 after the city paid 200,000 Gulden to Cardinal Albrecht, but the Catholic mass remained until 1591 in Stift and Kloster, when Duke Heinrich Julius introduced the Lutheran service. Arndt reprints the order from a manuscript in the Staatsarchiv Magdeburg. Order of service at the cathedral foundation:
Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext and None are sung on Sundays and festivals. At 7:00 mass is rung and the Introit is sung in choro. Then the organ begins the Kyrie, which is sung with the choir and organ nine times. When the organist has played the last Kyrie the priest sings the Gloria. Then the organ begins the Et in terra, alternating verse by verse with the choir. When the organist has played the last verse the Priester sings "Dominus uobiscum." The choir answers "Et cum spiritu tuo," followed by a Latin or German collect, to which the choir responds Amen. Then the deacon or subdeacon reads or sings the Epistle, then a choir member reads the German Epistle. Then the organist plays a piece in place of the Gradual, then the boys sing with the choir the Alleluia. Then the organ plays the sequence, to which the choir and organ respond with alternating verses. When the organ has played the last verse the deacon sings the Gospel in Latin, after which a choir member reads it in German. Then the Priester sings the Credo before the altar. The choir responds "Patrem omnipotentem," then the "Wir glauben" is sung. Then the sermon. Then a German psalm is sung. If there are communicants, the Priester sings "Dominus uobiscum," the choir responding "et cum spiritu tuo." "Sursum corda"; "habemus a domino." "Gratias agamus domino deo nostro"; "dignum et justum est." "Vere dignum et justum est. Nos tibi semper etc." After the Preface is sung the Priester sings the Vater Unser in German with whatever else belongs to it, then the choir sings the Sanctus, and further as ordered. If there are no communicants a German psalm is sung, then the Priester sings a German collect, to which the choir responds Amen. Then the Priester sings "Der Herr gesegne euch" etc.
Sunday after Vespers a German psalm is sung, then the sermon, then another German psalm is sung. Then the Priester sings a German collect and German Benediction.
Wochenpredig, when there is no festival: the Te deum is sung in German, then a German psalm, then the sermon, then three or two [!] boys sing the Litany before the altar, with the usual responses, or a German psalm is sung in its place, then a German collect and Benediction.
Between Christmas and Purification the sequence "quales unus omnes" is sung; from Septuagesima until Easter the Tract is sung in place of the Sequence; the Easter and Pentecost sequences are sung during that time; from Trinity to Advent the Trinity "vnd ander feste" sequence[s] are sung; in Advent there is no Sequence, but the Latin Patrem is sung after the Gospel with the German "Wir glauben."
Halle 1543 s [11/14/95] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung der christlichen Gemein zu Halle. Cited in Graff 1:30. Manuscript. Graff: dependent on Wittenberg 1533. REPRINT: Richter 2:14–21; Sehling 2:434–36.
Notes from Sehling.
Some details are given concerning the catechism service, but the rest (up until the mass order) concerns mainly the division of services among the churches in Halle. (p. 435)
Mass: held as in Wittenberg, Torgau and Leipzig, only that every second or third Sunday the Athanasian Creed is sung before the Introit. A pure Introit d.t. is sung, and at times the Kyrie in German or Latin, ditto the German Et in terra and the German Benedictus of Luther. The order should not be altered greatly or unusually, but a single form should be used. Something special may be sung on festivals with the consent of the Superintendent and Pfarher. When "Aus tiefer Not" or other German psalms are sung for the Introit, they should be ordered so that the congregation becomes familiar over time with the entire psalter, as is the case in Jena and other places. The Gospel and Epistle, which heretofore have been sung in Latin, may continue to be sung in Latin for the sake of the youth, but they may alternatively be sung in German, as in Wittenberg, especially when good melodies are available for the German and the Ministri have practiced them. The Latin prefaces are retained for the principal feasts, assuming they are in accordance with Scripture. The Sanctus from Isaiah and the Agnus Dei are sung as usual. (p. 436)
Halle 1573 s [11/14/95] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung der christlichen Gemein zu Hall in Sachsen. Cited in Graff 1:30. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 1:339–42; Sehling 2:436–43.
Notes from Sehling.
Sundays: early service at 4:00 in summer and at 5:00 in winter for the "Gesinde und Dienstboden." The sermon text is the catechism. At this service at least 15 or 16 scholars (taking turns throughout the entire student body) sing hymns and psalms before and after the sermon, as specified in the Choragenda. The early sermon is not to last more than 45 minutes, so that the singing and sermon together do not last more than an hour.
Communion or Ampt: held as is traditional, with ceremonies, candles, ornaments, etc., ending between 10:00 and 11:00. A brief exhoration may be delivered to the communicants. (p. 437) The good old hymns are to be used from Luther's hymnal, and the reading or singing of the Epistle and Gospel and Prefaces on high feasts are to be retained, so that the people and youth are edified with the German and Latin texts.
Midday sermon or Vespers on Sundays: rung at 1:00. The service is held to the usual order as in the Cantional. Catechism examination is held after Vespers. If this cannot be done on Sunday, it should be done on another day of the week at Vespers or at the midday service at which the Litany is sung. The entire service should take about an hour. Only Luther's catechism is to be used. Daily Matins: held at 4:00 in summer and at 5:00 in winter. The German psalter is sung in order, first one or more psalms (Matins for the six days is divided up among the three Cüster in the city). The lessons are done lect. cont., a half or whole chapter with the summary of Dietrich and a brief prayer, then a [canticle] is sung: Monday and Tuesday the Athanasian Creed (half each day), Wednesday the Te Deum, Thursday the Benedictus (all in German), Friday "Erhalt uns, Herr," Saturday the Benedictus. On Sundays a selection of scholars assists in the singing. On high feasts the entire school participates.
Weekday sermons: held at 5:00 in summer and at 6:00 in winter every day of the week but Wednesday (market day) at one church or another.
Daily Vesper sermons: held Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday, with texts from the Old Testament.
Saturday Vespers and confession: persons with communicable diseases are requested out of Christian love not to attend confession on Saturday evening and so mingle with the others, but rather to wait until Sunday morning until after the sermon or Matins.
Catechism sermons are held at three churches twice a year, four days per week, for four weeks, beginning in the week after Invocavit in Lent and Holy Cross Week in September. These sermons do not replace the usual morning sermons in other churches. (p. 439)
Gesänge in the church services are to be chosen according to the time, festival and sermon text. (p. 443)
Hamburg 1529 s [3/15/95] - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Der Erbaren Stadt Hamborg Christliche Ordeninge, tho denste dem Evangelio Christi, Christliker Leve, Tucht, Frede und Einicheit. Cited in Graff 1:45. Manuscript. Graff: very closely related to Braunschweig 1528.
Notes from Sehling. Parts of this text occur also in the Lübeck order of 1531, and for these parts the reader is referred from that order to this one. Changes in Lübeck 1531 from the Hamburg order are noted in the footnotes to the Hamburg order.
The organist plays for the Benedictus, antiphon and Benedicamus in the morning and for the Magnificat, antiphon and Benedicamus in the evening. Organ music may be cancelled at certain times of the year at the discretion of the superintendent, especially during the fourteen days of passion sermons. (p. 513)
Holy days: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (3 days each), New Year's Day, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis, all Sundays. Apostles' days, also Magdalene and Laurentius, are moved to the Sunday after the day, and their lesson is read at the end of the sermon. (p. 514)
The children shall sing Vespers and Matins every day. No antiphons, responsories, etc. shall be sung unless they are in accordance with Scripture. All singing in German and Latin shall be in accordance with Scripture. (p. 516) Matins is word for word the same as in Lübeck 1531 (spelling differences aside, also the "Benedicamus dominicale" is here called the more usual "Benedicamus domino"). (p. 522–23) Vespers is word for word the same until the section on holy day eves, which is as follows: after the lesson, before the Hymn is sung, a responsory is sung, and the unlearned children just learning to sing shall sing the the verse in the responsory with the Gloria Patri. The rest of the service is as in Lübeck: After the Benedicamus the Nunc dimittis is read slowly, "mit einem medio," but without a tone, by both choirs "de versche umme schicht mit dem gloria patri." Then the hymn "Jesu redemptor seculi verbum patris altissimi" is sung in unison and holding the last note of each phrase ("mit gelikem sange und mit einer langen note edder pause, wen ein dimetrum ut is, welck ock fin were in anderen hymnis to holdende").
On Sunday, when the first sermon is done and a German hymn has been sung the children shall be ready with their Pedagogus or Geselle in both choirs to read the Latin catechism sine tono. The Geselle first says: "Hec sunt precepta domini dei nostri." Then the children (individually?) recite the parts of the Latin catechism, without the explanation, with the Geselle introducing each section. The entire text is printed in this KO. (p. 523) When this has been read two boys begin the antiphon and two others the psalm with one or two octonariis, then the lesson is read, as above. After the lesson a responsory is sung, and the small children in the middle of the Chor sing the verse and Gloria Patri. Then the Te deum is sung in Latin. At certain times the organ may be played, as also at Vespers for the Hymn and Magnificat. After the Te Deum is the Kyrie, Collect and Benedicamus. Then the children go home before mass, so the organist may not play a long Te Deum, especially in winter. The people waiting to get into the church may enter for the sermon and hearing of God's Word. ("De leien, de up dusse tidt lust hebben in der karcken to sin, de mogen gaen in de karcken, dar me up de tidt prediket und horen gades wort.") (Lübeck 1531 has the variant that the people may meanwhile pray or read: ". . .in der karcken to sin, de mogen dewile beden eder lesen, unnüttes woschendes schöle se sick dar gerne entholden.") If they want to sing the Te Deum in German they may do that at the afternoon sermon. The Latin singing does not interfere with the people's opportunity to sing in German: they have enough opportunity when they sing before and after the sermon and most of the mass (does this mean that they are expected to sing along with the mass parts?). The paragraph reads in entirety: "De leien, de up dusse tidt lust hebben in der karcken to sin, de mogen gaen in de karcken, dar me up de tidt prediket und horen gades wort. Willen se gerne Te deum laudamus dudesch singen, alse se ock gerne scholen doen, so singen se des namiddages, wor me prediket, dar hebben se rumes genoch to singende. So doch, dat dat singent der predike wike. Sulcke latinsche senge werden den leien ohre dudesche senge nicht vorhinderen, wente se werden gesungen werden, wen de leien in der karcken mit prediken tohorende nicht to schaffende hebben. Se werden doch sus genoch dudesch to singende krigen. Wente vor allen sermonen und na allen sermonen scollen se singen und dat meiste van der missen."
When the children are used to singing the cantor shall teach them three responsories: one for first Vespers, one for the morning and one for second Vespers, so that the children learn more music. Antiphons, responsories and hymns shall be in accordance with the season and festivals and with Holy Scripture. Further instructions are given as to what lessons are to be read during which season. (p. 524) The psalm "Beati qui sunt integri in via" (Lübeck 1531 adds "edder beati immaculati in via") is divided in the morning so that it repeats every three weeks ("...schalme des morgens neven den anderen psalmen so vordelen, dat he ut kumpt umme de drudde weke"). It is done this way: two octonarii are sung the first Sunday (with one Gloria Patri), with one octonarius for each weekday and each of the succeeding two Sundays, so that after three weeks the psalm is finished and on the fourth Sunday the first two octonarii are sung again. (p. 525)
Mass: begins with a German psalm, or a Latin one on certain festivals: "Puer natus" from Christmas to Purification, "Salus populi ego sum" from Easter to Ascension, "Viri galilei" from then until Pentecost, "Spiritus domini" from Pentecost, "Ne timeas Sacharia" from St. John, "Benedicite domino" from St. Michael. Then the Kyrie and Gloria, which may be omitted at times. Then the Prester reads a German collect, and the people answer Amen. Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Epistle. Then the children sing the Halleluia sine caudis (without the jubilus), then a German psalm. Then the Predikante mounts the pulpit, exhorts that a Vater Unser be prayed, reads the Gospel and preaches (in Lübeck 1531 the Vater Unser and Gospel are reversed). Then announcements, then Glaube and confession (Bicht), then he exhorts prayer for all sorts and conditions. When the Predicante dismounts the Prester sings facing the altar "Ick love an einen godt," and the people and choir sing the entire Nicene Creed alternating verses to "Wi loven all in einen godt," during which the communicants (women and girls on the left, men and boys on the right) enter the Chor, and the Prester prepares the bread and wine. After the hymn the Prester turns to the people and delivers an exhortation on the sacrament (this is lacking in Lübeck). Then he turns again to the altar and sings the Preface, the proper preface on high feasts, otherwise the Trinitarian preface (against the Arians, as also the Nicene Creed was written) with the Dominus vobiscum, etc. Then the Chor sings a Latin Sanctus. (In Lübeck the exhortation to communicants comes after the Sanctus, and if time is pressing the Preface and Sanctus may be omitted.) Then the Vater Unser (p. 528) to "erlose uns van dem bosen," the people answering "Amen" (in Lübeck the direction is given to turn to the altar for this). Then the bread is consecrated, and the men, then the women, commune, and the people sing "Jesus Christus" or "Got si gelavet." Then the cup is consecrated, and the people receive the cup, and they either kneel or stand through the Benediction. During all this there is singing. If there are many communicants (more than 16) the bread and wine may be consecrated together, and in order to save time another priest in common vestment may distribute the bread while the presider ("misseholder") distributes the cup. When all have communed the German Agnus Dei is sung three times: "Christe, du lam gades, de du drechst..."). Then the Prester says "Lat uns beden. Wi danken di, allmechtige here godt...." Then he turns to the people and gives the Aaronic Benediction. If there are no communicants a psalm is sung after the sermon. If there are communicants on a weekday the Glaube is sung after the sermon and the Prester reads in mass vestments the exhortation to the sacrament, sings the Pater Noster, the Commandment of Christ and communes, during which there is singing. Then the collect and Benediction. Before the sermon nothing of the mass is sung. If two or three need to commune on a weekday on which there is no sermon (Lübeck adds "because of travel") this is done without singing and mass vestments, as when communing the sick, except that it is done in front of the altar.
It is the responsibility of the schoolmaster to make sure that the Gesenge are appropriate to the feast and in accordance with Scripture. (p. 529) From Christmas to Purification the sequence "Grates nunc omnes" is sung with "Gelavet sistu" within it: first Grates is sung, then two German verses, then a verse of Grates, then two more German verses, then a third verse of Grates, then two German verses, and "Huic oportet" with the last German verse. From Easter to Pentecost "Victime pascali" is sung with a verse "Christ lach in dodes banden" sung after each verse, and "Christ ist uperstanden" is sung in the usual fashion at the beginning of the sermon. In Pentecost "Veni sancte spiritus" is sung with one verse from the hymn "Nu bidde wi den hilligen geest" sung after every two Latin verses. The exhortation after the sermon is given here (with Creed, confession without absolution, and exhortation to prayer without actual prayer except the Vater Unser that ends it). (p. 530) An exhortation to communicants and the German Nicene Creed are also given. (p. 530–31)
Hamburg 1556 s [3/16/95] - official
Apin. [Kirchenordnung.]. Cited in Graff 1:45. Manuscript. Graff: written already in 1539. REPRINT: Richter 1:315–20; Sehling 5:543–56.
Notes from Sehling.
The organist plays every holy day and weekday before and after the sermon, also every first and second Vespers after the "chores ordinarii meldinge." The organist shall play the same music as what the choir is singing. He shall lead a moral life. (p. 547)
There is singing both mornings and afternoons on festivals and weekdays. Figural music is sung on the chief feasts in the Pfarrkirche as in others. (p. 551)
Saturdays and holy day eves: Vespers is rung at 2:00, two boys intone the antiphon, and either the succentor or one of the scholars begins the psalm. Three psalms are sung (at times four or five), and at times an antiphon is sung with each psalm, and occasionally they may be concluded with an antiphon ("...und to tiden bi einem idtliken psalme eine antiphen, underwilen mach men se mit einer antiphen concluderen."). The Ordinarius decides on the antiphon. Then the Kerkendenere reads a lesson in Latin from the Old Testament, with each pastor choosing the lessons to be read. On special feasts and occasionally on Saturday Vespers a responsory is sung, with four boys singing the versicle. Then the Hymn is sung (there are many good hymns for the Sundays after Trinity, also the odes of Prudentius, which can be sung well in four voice parts), which should not be omitted if at all possible. Two boys intone the Magnificat, and after this is sung the Nunc Dimittis is sung on festival vigils and occasionally on Saturdays (p. 551), beginning with an antiphon; then the choir sings (after the organ) "kyrieleison, pater noster, versus, collecta, benedicamus domino," as usual.
Matins on festivals and Sundays: as soon as the first sermon is finished two boys intone the antiphon and the succentor begins the psalm. Normally two or three psalms are sung. Two of the scholars sing the Gospel in the usual tone, divided into two lessons, then one reads the two lessons in German in the same tone in which the Latin lessons were sung. Between the lessons the responsory is sung, as is customary, especially on the chief feasts, then the Te Deum is sung (which may be sung occasionally in German), then Kyrieleison, Pater Noster, Benedicamus, as usual.
Mass: on weekdays begins with a German psalm such as "Kum hilliger geist" or another, which the choir sings with the people. The organist may play one or two somethings ("De organiste mag ein edder twe mal manck her spelen.") But on festivals the Latin Introit is sung, likewise occasionally on Sundays of Trinity and (unclear) ("dessgelicken underwilen ock up den sondagen de trinitate aut St. spiritus etc. gesungen werden"). While the Introit is sung the Prester goes to the altar in the traditional vestments, and then the Kyrie is sung, and according to the occasion of the festival and day the Gloria and Et in terra; the Et in terra shall at times be sung in German, and where there is not enough time to sing it the organist plays simply in equal notes what the choir has just sung ("eindrechtig und gelickförmich devsülven spelen"). Then the Collect in German by the Prester facing the altar, then the Epistle in German in the usual tone, with the Prester facing the people. Then the Alleluia with two boys singing the verse without jubilus. Then the Sequence, according to the feast and Sunday. At times the Alleluia and Sequence may be omitted and a German psalm sung in their place, with the organist playing where customary ("...dar de organiste schicklick mankher mag spelen, wo sünst gewonlick, edder na gelegenheit der tidt den gesank mit den orgeln besluten.") Then the Gospel in Latin or German in the usual tone from in front of the altar, then the Prester begins from in front of the altar "Wi gelöven etc.," the choir singing it with the people. Then the Prediger mounts the pulpit and after the prayer reads and preaches on the Gospel. After the sermon (sermone) is the exhortation to prayer for all sorts and conditions, then the Prediger begins the Vater Unser, the congregation singing it, and the organist plays after it has been sung ("...unde dat ganze volk singe, de organiste schall naher spelen, wenn idt utgesungen is."). Then the Prester reads the exhortation to the sacrament from in front of the altar, then the Preface is sung in Latin. The Preface may occasionally be shortened (vorkortet), provided that the Prester and Cantor are both aware of this. The Sanctus is then sung, pro ratione festorum et dominicarum, at times in German as "Jesaia dem propheten." Then the Prester reads the Vader unse, then choir responding "Amen." Then if there are many communicants (as on a Sunday or holy day) the Words of Consecration (verba consecrationis) are read, but on a weekday the bread is consecrated and distributed, then likewise with the cup. (p. 552) As the people commune "Jesus Christus," "Godt sie gelavet" or another hymn d.f. is sung, and the organist may play following it, with the choir singing all verses ("...doch also, dat de organiste stedes mank her spele, und dat de chore gelickwoll alle verse singe.") On festivals, when there are many communicants, and on Sundays the Agnus Dei is sung, at times in German as "Christe du lamme gades." After the communion is the Collect in German and the Benediction, to which the choir sings "Amen." Then the choir sings "Da pacem" or the German "Vorlene uns frede," or on festivals an appropriate Gesang.
Vespers on Vierdagen and Sundays: as vigil, except that the lessons are the Epistle for the day, two in Latin and one in German. The responsory is not required, although it may occasionally be sung. The hymns (hymni) may be sung at times in German. At times a good German psalm may be sung before the hymn, which the organist accompanies ("To tiden vor den hymnum ein gut düdesch psalm, also dat de organiste mit under spele"). After the Magnificat, which may also be sung at times in German to a single(?) (schickliken) tone, the Nunc Dimittis shall be sung in Latin or German (mit frede—lacking in some mss.), then closing with the Kyrieleison as above.
On the Gesange on weekdays: when there is a sermon at 8:00 Matins begins at 7:00, sung by the Diener ("van den denern") as on holy days, except somewhat shortened. The organist plays along, just as on Sundays. If there are communicants it is held with the mass, just as on Sundays. If there are no communicants, after the sermon the Prediger begins to sing a German psalm with the people. Then the Benedictus is intoned in the choir and sung with organ, at times also the Quicunque vult and at times the Litany in Latin or German with the Kyrieleison. If the children have been brought to church there shall not be lengthy singing, but the service is closed with the Benedictus and antiphon, or a responsory, or another Gesang. At Vespers the Magnificat or a Hymnus or another Gesang, at the Cantor's pleasure.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis. Maundy Thursday is not a holiday ("schall nicht fierlick sin"), but it is observed in the church with sermon and communion, as on other holy days. (p. 553) Feasts of apostles may be observed on their day if the pastor desires, but they do not displace a Sunday. These days are: Stephen (Dec 26 C), John the Evangelist (Dec 27 D), Holy Innocents (Dec 28 F), Matthias (Feb 25 F), Philip and James (May 1 B), Peter and Paul (Jun 29 F), Mary Magdalene (Jul 22 G), James (Jul 25 C), Lawrence (Aug 10 E), Bartholomew (Aug 24 F), Matthew (Sept 21 F), Simon and Jude (Oct 28 G), Andrew (Nov 30 E), Thomas (Dec 21 E) I don't know what the letters after the dates mean. (p. 554)
Hamburg 1628 (Hamburg, 1628) s- [9/10/93]
Kirchen Ceremonien, Das ist: Wie es by Anordnung der Bettstunden in Hamburg...
Gives only texts (and hymns) for the Betstunden.
Hamburg 1699 (Hamburg gedruckt bey Conrad Neumann, Eines Edlen und Hochweisen Raths Buchdrucker 1699.) i [3/3/94] - official
Abgefassete Ordnung, wie es sowohl mit denen Vespern an Sonn- und anderen Feyer-Tagen-Abend; Imgleichen mit dem Gottesdienst an Sonn- und anderen Feyer-Tagen allhier in Hamburg zu halten. Cited in Graff 1:46. Title is transcribed from Krüger, p. 265. Graff: the so-called `Vesperordnung." REPRINT: Kleseker 8:462ff.; Krüger 1933: 265–67 (summary).
Notes from Krüger.
[return if needed]
Hanau 1573 (Strassburg, 1573) s [8/12/93] - official
Kirchenordnung, Wie es mit der Lehr und Ceremonien, in der Graffschafft Hanau, und Herrschafft Lichtenberg, sol gehalten werden. Cited in Graff 1:36. Graff: according to the preface, was influenced by the Württemberg KO of 1553, also by the `Kölner Reformation," the church orders of Ottheinrich, Baden, Zweibrücken, Straáburg; for example, in the main service the confession and absolution (and in Hanau, also the retention) was placed before the Epistle.
Kircheno#rdnung/ | W\ie es mit der Leh#r vnd | Ceremonien/ in der Graffôchafft Ha= | naw/ vnd Her#rôchafft Lichtenberg/ | ôol gehalten werden. | [emblem with coat of arms and letters `G H G," 110 @ 100 mm.] | {®ANNO M. D. LXXIII.¯} || [Colophon:] Getruckt z#º Straáburg/ durch | Ch#riôtian M#üller. | {CK} | {®ANNO M. D. LXXIII.¯}
%Size: 145 @ 116 mm. ()(2^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4, A–K^4 L^2; $1–3 signed (–)(1,3 L2) %Pagination: 46 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–83 [{1}]
%Fingerprint: 1573 04 - a1#=a2 )(2 chgeb - b1 A ôô : b2 L e %Preface: `WJR Philips Graff zu Hanaw, vnd Herr zu Liechtenberg, etc." ... [undated] %Music: none
Sundays where there are Latin schools: the Schulmeyster sings a Latin antiphon with the scholars (from Christmas to Purification, "O admirabile commertium"; from Purification to Easter, "Viuo ego, dicit Dominus, nolo mortem peccatoris"; from Easter to Pentecost, "Alleluia, Resurrexit Dominus"; from Pentecost to Christmas, "Veni S. Spiritus." Then the Kyrie in German from the Straáburg Cantional. Then the confession, Trostspruch and absolution (uses "announce") (p. 1), which includes a retention: "Jetzgehörter loásprechung von Sünden, sollen sich allein die Buáfertigen vnd Gleubigen, von hertzen trösten, vnd festiglich glauben, jhre Sünd seien jhnen auch im Himmel verziehen. Aber die Vnbüáfertigen sollen wissen, das vnser Herr Christus befohlen hat, jhnen jhre Sünde zubehalten. Auá disem ernsthafften befehl vnsers Herren Jhesu Christi, verkündige ich allen Vnbuáfertigen, vnglaubigen, vn[d] gottlosen Menschen, Gottes zorn, vngnad, vnd die ewige verdamnuá, biá so lang sie sich bessern." Then the Epistle is read with a preceding brief summary. Then the Schulmeyster sings the Glaube in German, in the summer the long one with three stanzas, in the winter the short one, "Jch glaub in Gott Vater" (p. 4); or from Easter to Ascension "Christ ist erstanden" may be sung, from Ascension to Pentecost "Christ fur auff gehn Himmel," from Pentecost to Christmas "Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist," Christmas to Purification "Ein kindelein so löbenlich," or another appropriate hymn.
Then the sermon: first a Vater Unser is prayed, then the Pfarherr reads the Gospel (text), then an "Auálegung," general prayer (p. 5) and Vater Unser. Then the school and church sings a psalm, a prayer follows and the blessing.
In the villages without schools on Sundays and festivals: the Pfarherr sings a German psalm (p. 7), then confession, absolution and Epistle. Then he sings a brief hymn or the last stanza of the first hymn, then the sermon, as above, closing with the hymn, prayer and blessing.
Weekly sermon: a psalm is sung, then Vater Unser, sermon, hymn, prayer, blessing. "Zusatz vnd erinnerung auff den Kirchen Gesang" - the Pfarherr should make sure that the general prayer following the sermon relates to the sermon (a form is also given). (p. 8) Because many Pfarherr and Schulmeyster are not very learned, here are rules for singing: (1) what is sung in church should pertain to the liturgical season; (2) in villages one should not use many and various hymns, but few, and particularly the metrical settings of the parts of the catechism; (3) the sermon always closes with a hymn related to it; on Misericordias Domini is sung "Auá tieffer not," on Jubilate "Act Gott von Himel sihe darein," on Cantate "Ein feste Burg," on Trinity "Gott der Vater wohn vns bey," etc. (p. 9)
Catechism is held Sundays after breakfast, beginning with a hymn, then the Pfarherr reads the six chief parts (without explanation) (p. 10), then the examination. After an hour it closes with the prayer, hymn and blessing. (p. 14)
Nachtmal: held on Christmas, Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, Easter, Pentecost and on an ordinary Sunday before or after Michaelis. A Predigt is held the previous evening on the communion. (p. 35) For communion, after the Predigt and Gesang is the exhortation (p. 36), confession and absolution (p. 39), Vater Unser and Verba (p. 42), apparently spoken. Then the distribution, during which "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland" or "Gott sey gelobet," etc. is sung (p. 43). Then the Thanksgiving (p. 44) and Benediction (p. 45).
Hanau 1659 (Straáburg, 1659) s [9/15/93] - official
Hanauische vermehrte Kirchen unndt Schul-Ordnung. In 1.2.3. Theil verfasset. Cited in Graff 1:36. Note: check the citation "Ad legem et testimonium" in 1 Tim.: I can't make out the chapter number very well. Graff: a revision of the 1573 order, enlarged through sections of pastoral theology; moved closer to the Straáburg orders. See also the {Gebete und Formulare zu den verschiedenen kirchlichen Handlungen aus den beiden Hanauischen Kirchenordnungen, der reformirten von 1688 und der lutherischen von 1659} (Hanau, 1854) (BerlinPS: 4º Dr 9780).
[Engraved title page, with the tetragrammaton above, a statue on the left with the heading above [see notebook] and inscription below `{Exod.25.} | {SÚECVNDVM¿} | {EXEMPLAR} | {OSTENSVM} | {®Permane in is=¯} | {®tis. j. Tim. 4."¯} and the signature `{®Wolfg. Kilian ôculp.,"¯} and a statue on the right with the heading above [see notebook] and inscription below `{Ieôa. 8.} | {AÚD LEGEM¿} | {ET TESTI=} | {MONIVM.} | {®H‘c meditare¯} | {®j. Tim. 1.¯}:] Hanauiôche | vermehrte | Kirchen vnndt Schul= | Ordnung | Jn {I. II. III.} Theil verfaôôet | F#ür Alle getrewe eif= | erige wahr: Evangeliôche | Kirchendiener nicht allein | innerhalb, ôondern auch auôôerhalb | Hanauiôcher Herrôchafft, alôo | auáger#üôtet vnd verfaôôet. | Daá das Werck mag wol genennet | werden Auá {Num. 10.V.31.} | [Hebrew: see notebook] | {Nobis oculorum loco} | {®vel¯ Ductor noôter!} || [Printed title page:] Hanawiôche | Vermehrte | K\irch\\en- vnd S\ch\\ul= | O\rdnung/ | Jn {I. II. III.} Theil verfaôôet. | Mit beyôetzung Schrifftmäôôigen berichts: | 1. Von wichtigen Kirch-Ampts Sachen/ vnd Gewiôôensfragen. | 2. Abgefaôôten Verleôungs=formen/ auff allerley gemein vnd beôondere | Fälle. | 3. Einer beweglichen Vnterweiôung vnd Tröôtung/ beede für die Kran= | cke vnd Sterbende/ als auch für verurtheilte arme Sünder vnd | gefährlich=gebärende Frawen. | 4. Auch Einverleibung vieler andächtiger Geiôtreicher Gebett/ auff alle | Fälle vnd durchs gantze Jahr in der Kirchen zu brauchen. | Für getrewe/ eiferige/ wahr=Evangeliôche Kirchendiener | nicht allein innerhalb/ ôondern auch auôôerhalb Hanawiôcher | Herrôchafft/ alôo auágerüôtet vnd verfaôôet/ | Daá das Werck wol mag genennet werden | Auá {Num.10.V.31.} | [Hebrew: see notebook] | {Nobis oculorum loco. ®vel¯ Ductor noôter!} | Es iôt auch darinnen die Hanawiôche Eheordnung zu finden/ | Sampt einem auáführlichen Regiôter aller Materien | vnd denckwürdigen Sachen. | Jôt zu finden bey Joh. Chriôtoph Nageln | Jn Straáburg/ vnd | Gedruckt bey Johann Pickeln/ Jm Jahr Chriôti | [short rule] | {M. DC. LIX.}
%Size: 150 @ 98 mm. (a4^a) %Collation: 4º: (engraved t.p.), a–d^4, A–4F^4; $1–3 signed (–a1) %Pagination: 316 leaves: pp. [{32}] 1–552 1–30 [{18}] (misnumbering 232 as 233, 260 as 269, ^225 as 26)
%Fingerprint: 1659 04 - a1 a2 ir$ei : a2 d3 &$cu - 1b1 A e : 1b2 3Z3 ch$HEr - 2b1 4A /$die$ : 2b2 4F3 .$III.98.$ôe %Preface: `WJr Friderich Casimir, Grave zu Hanau, Rhieneck vnd Zweybrücken, Herr zu Müntzenberg, Liechtenberg, vnd Ochsenstein &c." ... `Datum Buchsweiler den 17. November, als man zahlt von Christi vnsers HErrn vnd Seeligmachers Geburt M. DC. LIX." %Music: none
The sermon is to last a half hour, but no more than 45 minutes (p. 3). The choice of Gesang is left to the Pfarrer's discretion. In villages a limited number of hymns should be used, especially those that pertain to the catechism. Where there are schools, there can be more variety. Where there are Latin schools, the scholars may sing in Saturday Vespers and during the preparation for the communion a Latin antiphon d.t.: O admirabile commercium (Christmas to Purification), Vivo ego, dicit Dominus, nolo mortem peccatoris (Purification to Easter), Alleluia, resurrexit Dominus (Easter to Pentecost), Veni Sancte Spiritus (Pentecost to Christmas) (p. 4). For the hymn that is usually sung following the assigned reading before the altar is sung Christ ist erstanden (Easter to Ascension), Christ fuhr gen Himmel (Ascension to Pentecost), Nun bitten wir (Pentecost to Christmas), and Ein Kindelein so löbelich (Christmas to Purification) or something d.t.
The precentor or schoolmaster is to conduct the congregation in singing: "Da der Choragus oder Vorsinger vnd Schulmeister in der Kirchen den Tact auff alle Syllaben (geschwind oder langsam, nach gestalt deá Chorals) in den Augen der gantzen Gemein geben solle, so wird eine schöne vnd bessere harmonia erfolgen." (p. 5)
Figural and organ music: (1) must not hinder the congregational singing or the remainder of the service; (2) may be done after the reading before the altar when the Pfarrer mounts the pulpit and when the service is completely finished (there may also be a brief prelude at the outset when the bells have finished ringing, and the organist may always accompany the singing); (3) should be rehearsed in the schools on Thursday and Saturday, as per long tradition, and not first practiced during the sermon to the detriment of the service. (p. 5)
Holy days: Sundays (3 kinds: ordinary, or hebdomadales; Eucharistic, on which communion is held; and catechism, the Sunday before communion is held on festivals, on which the catechism is the sermon text). Communion Sundays are Septuagesima or Sexagesima, Trinity 8 or 9, and the last or next-last Sunday after Trinity. Catechism Sundays are the last Sunday after the Epiphany, Palm Sunday, Exaudi, Trinity 7 or 8, the Sunday before the Sunday near Michaelis on which communion is held, the penultimate or antepenultimate Sunday after Trinity. (p. 6) Other major festivals: Christmas (2-1/2 days), Circumcision or New Year's, Epiphany, Good Friday, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity. Other minor festivals (half day): Maundy Thursday (half or whole), Purification, Annunciation (p. 8; see also table on p. 44), Visitation, Michaelis, John the Baptist, Conversion of Paul, Matthias, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Andrew, Thomas. There are also services on Saturday at vesper time and on Tuesday and Thursday in the early morning (except when the market is held on Thursday, in which case the service is moved to Wednesday or Friday). (p. 9)
Sunday Ampt-Predigt: the early service is begun with a hymn d.t., then confession and absolution, then Epistle (or Gospel or sermon text), ending with a collect, then another brief hymn, then the Prediger mounts the chancel and gives the greeting or blessing of St. Paul, then the Vater Unser is said "in der stille," then the sermon on the Gospel or other text, announcements, prayer for all sort and conditions, another hymn (p. 10), then collect, baptism (if any) and Benediction. On communion Sundays the prayers are kept as brief as possible (p. 11); after the opening hymn the Pfarrer mounts the pulpit immediately, preaches, does the announcements and prayers, then "Jesaia dem Propheten" or "Dancksagen wir alle" is sung, during which he prepares the communion. Then exhortation, confession and consecration, distribution, collect and Benediction, exhortation to the congregation to appear for the midday service. (p. 12)
Sunday afternoon: either sermon or catechism instruction (p. 13). Begins with a hymn, then reading of the six chief parts OR recitation of one part by the children (p. 24).
On the four communion festivals (Christmas, Circumcision, Easter, Pentecost; there is also Maundy Thursday) the following hymns are sung: Ein Kindelein so löbelich OR 2 or 3 stanzas of In dulci jubilo (Christmas), Christ ist erstanden (Easter), Komm heiliger Geist, Herre Gott (Pentecost), following by a Vater Unser. Special instructions are also given for other festivals. (p. 29)
Weekdays: as on the following Sunday, but the Litany and Vater Unser are done after the sermon.
Frü-Bettagen: every Tuesday at sunrise and monthly when observed in Straáburg (p. 31).
Vesper or Abend-Bettagen: held Saturdays at 3:00, 3:30 or 4:00, depending on the season. A hymn is sung, then a chapter from the Bible is read, then a prayer, hymn and Benediction. (p. 32)
Texts of the service on Sundays and festivals: begins with "Vnser Anfang sey im Namen GOttes deá Vatters...." Then confession (p. 45), Trost (p. 46) and absolution (p. 48), then Epistle (or Gospel), "Der HErr sey mit vns," then collect (p. 50), sermon and announcements, (p. 51), common prayers (p. 52), communion (if held), (I lose it after this). (p. 63)
Harlingerland 1574 s [11/12/95] - official
Deá wollgebornen und edlen herrn, herrn Erichs, graffen zur Hoya, Ritperch und Bruchhausen, herrn zue Esená, Stedeádorff und Wittmundt, vorklerter und publicirter kirchen- und disciplinordnung kurzer summarischer extract, in aller maáe, alá in den graff- und heerschaften Hoya, Rittpergk, Bruchhusen, Esená, Stedeádorff und Wittmundt mit ratt der theologen und rechtágelehrten beschloáen und in gemelten Seiner Gnaden graff- und herrschaften durchauá von den predigstühlen, rattheusern nach gelegenheit eineá jeden ohrtá publiciret, auch in kumpstigen visitationen eindrechtig und einhelling gehalten und derselben gestracká gehorsamet werden solle, 1574 etc. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:725–50.
Notes from Sehling. Not certain exactly where Harlingerland is in relation to Ostfriesland.
Holy days: concerning the Vier Zeiten (the four high feasts), Christmas, Easter and Pentecost are observed with the two following days; Michaelis is observed in place of Assumption. Other days: New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation (p. 735). If the Annunciation falls during Holy Week it is observed on the Thursday after Judica. Apostles' days observed are: Andrew, Thomas, Conversion of Paul, Matthias, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, Mary Magdalene, James, Bartholomew, Beheading of John, Matthew, Simon and June, All Saints. (p. 736)
Concerning Gesänge: the psalms in Luther's psalmbook are to be used most of the time. The festival Gesänge, Latin or German, are not to be discarded. Before the communion the Sanctus is to be sung in Latin and German, as found in Luther's psalmbook, and the Benedictus and the phrase "Et homo factus est" in the Athanasian Creed are sung by three boys kneeling, as is traditional. (p. 738) During the communion is sung "Jesuá Christuá, unser heyland," "Gott sey gelobet," "O lamb Gotteá," and "Heilig ist Gott der Vatter," "einá umb daá ander, im chor und nedden in der kirchen." In cities and villages in the early sermon spiritual psalms are sung before the sermon, and also the Te Deum or Benedictus in Latin or German; in the afternoon sermon in addition to the other psalms of David the Magnificat is sung. Vespers is sung on Saturdays and festival eves when the scholars are able to do so. Where there is an organ, the organist is to play spiritual pieces in accordance with Scripture. (p. 739)
Weekday services: in cities and towns sermons are held on Wednesdays and Fridays, but in villages only on Fridays. On Friday the Litany is sung, but this may be omitted in harvest time. (p. 740)
Hatzkerode [1534?] s [11/15/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:586–88.
Notes from Sehling. Hatzkerode is in the principality of Anhalt.
Vespers is to be held every Saturday and holy day eve, and for the sake of the school ("um der schule willen") it is begun with the usual psalms with an antiphon, responsory or hymn d.t. or d.f. in Latin; in place of the chapter a brief lesson from Paul or Jesus Sirach, or a psalm, is read in German by the Pfarher or Diacon facing the people, then the Magnificat with antiphon and collect d.f. or d.t., then the boys sing the Benedicamus, then the "Da pacem" three times, then "Vorleihe uns friden" with the versicle and German collect, and on great feasts the organ is used at Vespers. Then private confession.
In the morning Matins is held and lessons from the New Testament read. Then the early sermon, as usual.
"Zum hohen amt" (or mass): the choir sings "Veni sancte spiritus" either "Cor mundum" or "Deus qui corda" on high feasts and "Kom heiliger geist" on other days, with the German versicle and collect, then the Introit for the day (at times the one for Trinity "nach gefallen des pfarhers" if the proper Introit is too difficult for the boys; but they should eventually learn it, since it comes from Scripture). Then the Kyrie on the great feasts with the Gloria and Et in terra with organ and choir, and at Christmas according to tradition the verse "Dies est laeticie" may be sung with the Sequence in Latin and German sung within it. But on ordinary Sundays the Gloria and Et in terra are sung in Latin and German on alternating Sundays, and in winter the Et in terra may be omitted. Then the Salutation ("Der herr sei mit euch") with the collect in German facing the altar. Then the Diacon in the Chorrock reads the Epistle to the people from the Pult, always singing it in German to the usual tone. Then the choir sings the Alleluia d.f. or d.t., and on high feasts the Sequence with organ and choir (on Christmas "Grates nunc omnes" with "Gelobet seistu" and following verses sung by the people; on Easter "Victimae paschali" with "Christ ist erstanden"; on Pentecost "Veni sancte spiritus" and "Emitte celitus" with "Nu bitten wir"), on ordinary Sundays a German Lied or Psalm in place of the Sequence, and on "unser frauen fest" "Her Christ der einig gots son." Then the Diacon sings the Gospel to the people from the Pult, preceding it with the Salutation "Der herr sei mit euch," and beginning "Die nachvolgende worte des heiligen evangelii beschreibt der heilig evangelist N. am N. capitel wie das nue geschrieben stet. R. Chorus: Ehr und preis sei dir." If the deacon is hindered on account of the organ or is otherwise absent, then after the Pfar[rer] sings the collect and the choir has sung "Amen" he goes to the Pult and himself sings the Epistle and Gospel to the people. Then the Priester at the altar sings the Latin "Credo in unum deum," and the choir sings the Latin Patrem, and following this the people sing "Wir glauben," as it is found in Luther's hymnal. But until the people learn it, it may be done as usual at Hatzkerode. ("...und volgende das volk Wir glauben, wie es in d. Martini sangbüchlein stehet und in andern kirchen gesungen wirt. Mogen auch, ehe die leut das lernen, und sunst zuweilen den glauben singen, wie es alhir zu Hatzkerode gebreuchlich.") Then the Pfarher goes to the pulpit and prays or has sung the Vater Unser or whatever else is appropriate. On Sundays and holy days he always preaches on the Gospel. Announcements are also made at the sermon. (p. 586) Then a German Lied or the German Sanctus "Jesaia, dem propheten" is sung (the choice is the Pfarher's). During this a signal is given with the bell and the communicants enter the Chor, then men on the right and the women and girls on the left. Then the priest turns around and delivers the exhortation, as in the agenda. On great feasts the Preface d.f. is sung with the Sanctus in Latin in place of the exhortation. Then the priest sings the Vater Unser as in the agenda (this is always to be done and not omitted), during which the entire church kneels until the end of communion. Then he sings the Verba, consecrating the chalice immediately after the hosts. Then "Jesus Christus" is sung and the communicants go to the altar, receiving the body of the Lord from the Pfarher on the right side and the blood of the Lord from the Diacon (or Pfarher, if there is no deacon) on the left. Silk towels are used on both sides to catch particles that may fall on both sides of the altar. All remaining body and blood are to be consumed by the priest or communicants. On great feasts if there are enough communicants the Latin Agnus Dei may also be sung during communion. First the boys and men commune, then the girls and women. When everyone has communed and the priest has completed the "alleluga [{sic}] u.s.w." and the Gesang, he turns and sings the Salutation "Der Herr sei mit euch," then facing the altar he sings the Complende "Wir danken dir" or the like, then he turns again and sings the Benediction ("Der herr segne dich..."). Then the people sing "O du lamb gots" or "Got sei gelobt" or another [Gesang] chosen by the Pfar[her]. All [vestments] and "ornat" are to be used for the mass and not omitted without prior permission of the government. (p. 587)
Second Vespers: held at the same time as on Saturday, but the sermon text is the catechism, or on festivals the Epistle, the sermon lasting a half hour. After the sermon the Magnificat is sung in German "uf der orgel und dem volk oder der chor und volk umbenander," then the collect and Benediction, then the Da pacem as above.
During the week: something should be done every day in the church for the sake of the people ("der leute willen"): first the Schulmeister with the boys sings a psalm (or two, if short) cant. cont. with the antiphon, then the Schulmeister or Caplen [reads] a German lesson from the Bible (lect. cont.), then "Verleihe uns frieden."
At Vespers on weekdays the Chor sings a Hymnus d.t. (Advent: Veni redemptor gentium; Christmas: Corde natus; Lent: Christe qui lux; Easter: Ad cenam agni; Ascension: Jesu nostra redemptio; Pentecost: Veni creator; [post annum?]: Auffer immensam OR [Te lucis ante terminum?]) or something else, then two boys recite an article of the German catechism on account of the small children, and the older ones are exhorted, then the Da pacem.
The traditional Thursday sermon is retained. On Friday morning the Tenebre may be sung at the usual time with the [versicle?] "Proprio et unigenito filio" and the collect [word illegible, perhaps "Christe regnum tuum"], then a brief German lesson from the Passion, then the boys sing the German Litany, with the collect (p. 587), ending with the Blessing facing the people. All German lessons are read from the Pult facing the people and all collects facing the altar. (p. 598)
Henneberg 1582 (Schmalkalden, 1582) s [4/15/95] - official
Des durchlauchtigen hochgebornen fürsten und herrn, herrn Georg Ernsten, graven und herrn zu Henneberg, etc. kirchen ordnung, wie es in s. f. g. fürstlicher graf- und herrschaft, beide mit lehr und ceremonien, christlich, und gottes wort ebenmessig, gehalten werden sol. 1582. Cited in Graff 1:43.
Notes from Sehling.
Vespers on Saturdays and holy day eves: at 3:00 Vespers is rung. A psalm and the usual Hymnus in German is sung, then a lesson with summary from Dietrich, then the part of the catechism that will be the basis for the examination on the following Sunday is recited by the Pfarrherr or Deacon to the youth so that they will be better prepared. Then the sermon, "Erhalt uns herr" or "Verlei uns frieden," then Collect. (p. 306)
"Ampt der predigt, desgleichen die communion oder das abendmal Christi": the people should assemble at the church before the third bell has finished ringing and should remain there until the end of the service, the men standing or sitting on one side and the women on the other. First a "stück oder moteten" according to the time or otherwise is sung; then, where there is an organ, the same piece or another is played; or it may be played on the organ first and then sung figuraliter. Then a German Gesang or psalm d.t. or otherwise appropriate is sung with the entire congregation. Where there is no organ a piece d.t. or otherwise is figured, then it is sung in German as far as possible, or otherwise another Lied or psalm is sung. In outlying villages where there is neither cantor nor scholars that can sing figural music, the Schulmeister or Kirchner begins with a German psalm, which is sung by the entire congregation. Then the Epistle with a brief summary is read to the people. Then the Cantor sings "Wir gleuben" with the entire congregation. Then the sermon (spoken Vater Unser, Gospel read, sermon proper, which with the common prayer is not to last more than an hour). During the sermon a collection for the poor is taken on Sundays and high feasts ("Unter der predigt aber sol das klingelsecklein auf die sontag und hohe fest in der kirchen herumb getragen, den armen das almosen gesamlet und colligirt werden.") Then the prayer for all sorts and conditions. (p. 307) This prayer is given in its entirety on the following page, ending with a spoken Vater Unser and the spoken Benediction "Die gnade unsers herren Jesu Christi, die liebe gottes und die gemeinschaft des heiligen geistes sei mit euch allen, amen." If there are communicants the Cantor sings "Verlei uns frieden" or another verse, during which the Kirchendiener goes to the altar and reads the exhortation to the communicants (given here). Then he reads the Vater Unser and the Words of Institution (p. 308). Then the communicants come forward according to their rank, person and age and take the body, then go around the altar and take the blood, then return to their seats. During the communion is sung "Jesus Christ," "Gott sei gelobet," or "Esaia dem propheten" or other Gesenge, according to the number of communicants. If there are so few communicants that even one Gesang is too much, the singing stops as soon as the communion is done. Then the Kirchendiener sings the (Thanksgiving) Collect and Benediction. If there are no communicants, the Cantor begins a German psalm or other pure Christian Gesang after the sermon, without the organ playing anything, singing it with the choir and congregation, then the service is closed with a sung collect and Amen. The Prediger should from time to time exhort the people to receive communion. (p. 309)
Midday sermon on the four high feasts and Sundays: rung three times, then from Christmas to approximately Purification "Grates nunc omnes" and "Gelobet seistu" are sung; from Purification to Lent the German Nunc dimittis; during Lent until Easter "Christe der du bist tag und licht"; from Easter to Ascension "Also heilig ist der tag" or "Christ ist erstanden" or "Christ lag in todes banden"; from Ascension to Pentecost "Christ fuhr gen himel"; from Pentecost to Advent "vom heiligen geist"; during Advent until Christmas "Nu kom der heiden heiland," every Sunday afternoon with organ, if available, then the same is immediately figured. Then the Magnificat is sung by the cantor and choir with the entire congregation. If there is no organ but figuration is possible, the Cantor also figures the above Gesenge. If figural music is not possible these Gesenge are sung at the beginning, then the choir with congregation sings the German Magnificat. (Not quite certain of the German here.) Then the Predicant mounts the pulpit and exhorts the people to prayer, silently praying an Our Father. Then the sermon on the festival history or on ordinary Sundays the catechism: after the Magnificat the Prediger reads the six chief parts and explains the part that will be recited by the youth, all this to last about a half hour. Then a brief exhortation to prayer for all sorts and conditions (given here) and closing with the Vater Unser. (p. 310) After this the Prediger or Kirchendiener should exhort the listeners to remain for the catechism instruction and the end of the service and not to leave immediately after the sermon. Then he goes to the altar, and the Schulmeister sings with the Chor or the entire congregation the last verses of "Ein feste burg" ("Preis ehr und lob") [but these words are not in this hymn!], during which the youth gather in the middle of the church, the boys on the men's side and the girls on the women's side, and the recitation is held with four young people in the Chor. Then the entire congregation sings "Erhalt uns herr." When the three verses are ended two boys previously chosen by the Schulmeister or Cantor kneel devotionally and sing the "Verlei uns frieden gnediglich," the choir responding "Herr gott zu unsern zeiten"; the second time it is done differently, and the third time again "Verlei uns frieden gnediglich, Herr gott zu unsern zeiten" is sung out, the choir responding "Es ist doch ja kein ander nicht, etc." Then the Kirchendiener sings the collect and speaks ("sprechen") the Benediction. The service should be finished by 1:30.
Weekday sermons and Früe-gebeten: Wednesday morning is the usual sermon day in cities and villages. First the German Litany is sung without organ and figural music. Then the German "Kom heiliger geist, erfülle die herzen" is sung to the notes of the Latin "Veni sancte spiritus," during which the Prediger mounts the pulpit. At the conclusion of the sermon the Schulmeister or Cantor begins a Gesang, and the Prediger closes with a collect. (p. 311) On Fridays the sermon previously held at 8:00 is moved to the time of the Frügebet or Früpredigt (?); the reading of the chapter is omitted, but otherwise the service proceeds as in the Frügebet, with singing, preaching and common prayer, all finished within an hour. At the Frügebeten a long tone is rung with a single bell, and from Purification to about April 13th the Kirchendiener orders the singing, reading and common prayer so that the service is finished within a half hour and at the beginning of the day, so that the working men may get to work. From then to Laurentius the service is first rung at 3:15 so that the service is finished by 4:15. From then to Galli as above after Purification, ending the service with the beginning of the day. In winter, from Galli to Purification, the service is rung a little before 6:00 so that it is finished in a half hour. The service proceeds as follows: after the bell the Schulmeister or Kirchner sings a Christian Gesang in German d.t. or otherwise. In the case of a long hymn the last stanzas of praise or prayer are sung at the end of the service. After the hymn the Prediger reads a chapter from the Bible (half or full, according to its length) with a brief explanation, then the common prayer (given here), then closing with the remaining stanzas.
Holy days: the four chief feasts, namely, Christmas (2 days), Easter (2 days), Ascension (1 day), Pentecost (2 days)—all these have sermons both morning and afternoon. Likewise with Circumcision, Epiphany and Purification. The following are observed when they fall and have one sermon: all apostles' days, the Conversion of Paul, Annunciation, Thursday and Friday in Holy Week, John the Baptist, Visitation, Mary Magdalene, Michaelis. (p. 312) Vespers on the eve is rung at 1:00. The following morning the service is held as on the Sunday, except without organ. After the morning service is ended the people are to go to work. If an apostle's day or the like falls on a Wednesday it is to be observed in place of the regular weekly observance, but if it falls on a Sunday it is to be moved to the following Wednesday. If two such days fall within a week, the first is observed on the day upon which it falls and the second on the Wednesday of the following week. If such a festival falls after Wednesday it is observed on its day and the Wednesday sermon is not held. [So are both held if the festival falls before Wednesday?] There are additional rubrics about the six passion sermons during Lent, but these always replace the usual Sunday or weekday sermons, depending on the circumstances. (p. 313)
Following are versicles, responses and collects for the entire church year and numerous occasions (p. 317- 21). Those for the Advent season are:
"Ver. Bereitet den weg dem herrn, halleluja. Res. Machet seine steige richtig, halleluja. Last uns beten: Lieber herre gott, wecke uns auf, das wir bereit sein, wenn dein son kompt, ihn mit freuden zu empfahen, und dir mit reinem herzen zu dienen, durch denselbigen deinen son Jesum Christum unsern herren, amen." (p. 317)
Henneberg 1713 (Schleusingen, 1713) s [8/9/93] - official
Des Durchlauchtigen... Herrn Georg Ernsten, Graven zu Hennenberg, Kirchen-Ordnung. Cited in Graff 1:43. Graff: is dependent on Württemberg and belongs more with the south German orders.
Des | Durch\\lauch\\tigen/ Hoch\\gebohrnen Fürôten | und Herrn/ | H\E\R\R\N\ | G\eorg E\rnôten/ | G\rafen und H\errn zu H\en= | nenberg/ #&c. | K\irchen=O\rdnung/ | W\ie es in S\. F\. G\. F\ürôtlich\\er G\raf= | und H\errôch\\afft/ beyde mit Lehr und Ceremo= | nien/ Chriôtlich\\/ und G\Ottes W\ort | ebenmäáig/ gehalten werden | ôoll. | [rule] | Schleuôingen/ | Gedruckt und zu finden bey Georg Wilhelm Göbel/ des Fürôtl. | Gemeinôchafftl. {Gymnaôii} Buchdrucker. | 1713.
%Size: 164 @ 122 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–3B^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); 2G2 signed 2F2 %Pagination: 192 leaves: pp. {1–3} 4–360 359–374 [#=376] [{8}] (misnumbering 58 as 85, 117 as 711)
%Fingerprint: 1713 04 - b1 A2 hen : b2 3B ugte# %Preface: `VOn GOttes Gnaden, Wir, Georg Ernst, Grafe und Herr zu Hennenberg, &c." ... [undated] || `Bedencken der Theologischen Facultät zu Wittenberg, über die Kirchen-AGENDA" ... `Datum Wittenberg den 25. April. Anno 79 ... POLYCARPVS LEISER ... Johannes Bugenhagius ... Joh. Schutz ... M. Martinus Heinricus" %Music: none
Saturdays and holy day eves: Vespers rung at 3:00, a psalm is sung and the usual hymn in German, then a lesson with summary by Dietrich, then a piece from the catechism, "Erhalt und Herr" or "Verleyh uns Frieden" with the Collect, then confession. (f. H3^b)
Abendmal: the men sit on one side of the church, the women on the other. After the third bell, first a piece or motet according to the time or otherwise is sung. Then where there are organs, the same piece or another is played. Or first the organ is played, then a figural piece is sung, then a German Gesang or Psalm d.t. is sung by the entire congregation. Where there is no organ, a piece d.t. or otherwise is figured, then the same piece (insofar as possible, otherwise another Lied or Psalm) is sung in German. In small villages with neither cantor nor scholars who can sing figural music, the Schulmeister or Kirchner sings a German psalm with the entire congregation. ("... soll erstlich ein Stück oder Moteten, nach Gelegenheit der Zeit oder sonst, gesungen; Darnach, wo eine Orgel verhanden, dasselbe oder ein anders geschlagen; Oder aber erstlich auf der Orgel geschlagen, und darnach Figuraliter gesungen, und nachmals ein deutscher Gesang oder Psalm, von der Zeit, oder wie sichs sonsten schicken wird, mit der gantzen Gemeine gesungen werden. Wo aber keine Orgel verhanden, soll, wie obberührt, ein Stück von der Zeit, oder sonst nach Gelegenheit, figurirt, und dann dasselbige deutsch, wofern es seyn kan, oder sonsten ein ander geistlich Lied oder Psalm, gesungen werden. [f. J4^a] Aber in den Flecken, do weden Cantor noch Schüler, so figuriren können, zugegen: Soll der Schulmeister oder Kirchner mit einem deutschen Psalm den Anfang machen, und mit der gantzen Gemeine zugleich singen.") (f. J3^b–J4^a = p. 70–71)
Then the Epistle with the summary, then the cantor sings the Symbolum (Wir gläuben) with the congregation. Then the Kirchen-Diener mounts the pulpit, prayer the Vater Unser and preaches the sermon on the Gospel (not more than an hour) (p. 71). During the sermon the collection for the poor is taken (passed around the congregation). Then the general prayer (actually an exhortation to prayer, with the form "Then let us pray also for ... that God might ..." without actually speaking directly to God. (p. 72) This closes with the Vater Unser (p. 75) and Cantzel-Blessing: "Die Gnade unsers HErrn JEsu Christi, die Liebe GOttes, und die Gemeinschafft des heiligen Geistes, sey mit euch allen, Amen." If there are communicants, the Cantor sings "Verleyh uns Frieden" or something similar, and the Kirchen- Diener reads the exhortation (p. 76), ending with the Vater Unser (p. 77) and Words of Institution (p. 78). Then the people come forward for the distribution (p. 79), during which is sung [text covered with repair material] or "Esaia dem Propheten" or some other hymn. The hymn stops when the distribution is finished. Then "WJr dancken dir" and the Benediction. (p. 80) If there are no communicants, when the Kirchen-Diener leaves the pulpit the cantor begins a German psalm or hymn "ohne einiges Orgel- schlagen oder Figuriren" and sings it with the choir and congregation, then the Collect is sung with the Amen, and so is the service closed. (p. 81).
Midday service on the four high festivals and Sundays: from Christmas to Purification the German "Grates nunc omnes" and "Gelobet seyst du" (p. 82) are sung; from then to Lent the German "Nunc dimittis"; from Lent to Easter "Christe der du bist Tag und Licht"; from Easter to Ascension "Also heilig ist der Tag" or "Christ ist erstanden" or "Christ lag in Todesbanden"; from Ascension to Pentecost "CHrist fuhr gen Himmel"; from Pentecost to Advent [what?]; in Advent "Nun komm der Heyden Heyland." Every Sunday afternoon the organ (where available) is played, then the same piece is sung figurally, then the Magnificat is sung by the cantor and choir with the entire congregation. Where there is no organ, but figural music is possible, the Cantor figures the above-named Gesang. If figural music is not possible, the above Gesang is sung, then the choir with the entire congregation sings the German Magnificat. ("... alle Sonntage nach Mittage auf der Orgel, wo die verhanden, geschlagen, und darauf eben dasselbe alsbalden figuriret, alsdann das Magnificat durch den Cantor und Chor mit der gantzen Gemeine gesungen werden. Wo aber keine Orgel, und man doch figuriren kan, soll der Cantor obberührte Gesänge, nach der Ordnung, figuriren. Im Fall aber auch zum figuriren nicht Gelegenheit, alsdenn eben diese vorermeldte Gesänge zum Anfang, und nachmals der Chor, zusambt der gantzen Gemeine, das deutsche Magnificat, wie auch hievor gemeldet, darauf singen.") Then the Praedicant mounts the chancel and prays the Vater Unser. (p. 83) Then he preaches, then the exhortation to prayer, then the six chief parts are read, then the common prayer (p. 84), then the Vater Unser (p. 87), then the Schulmeister with the choir or congregation sings the last stanza of "Eine feste Burg," during which the youth come to the middle of the church, and the catechism examination follows. Then the congregation sings "Erhalt uns, HERR." (p. 88) Then two boys chosen by the Schulmeister or Cantor kneel and sing "Verleyh uns Frieden gnädiglich," the choir answering "HErr GOtt zu unsern Zeiten, zum andern mal unterschiedlich, zum dritten mal aber wiederum: Verleyh uns Frieden gnädiglich, HErr GOtt zu unsern Zeiten; vorsingen, und dann der Chor nachfolgend: Es ist doch ja kein ander nicht, &c. antworten, und es also beschliessen." Then the Kirchen-Diener sings the Collect, and after the sung Amen, he speaks the Blessing. (p. 89)
Weekday services: sermon on Wednesday morning, without organ and figuriren, the German Litany (Luther's) is sung, then "Komm Heiliger Geist, erfülle die Hertzen" according to the music of the Latin "Veni sancte spiritus" is sung. Then the sermon. Then the Schulmeister or Cantor begins a hymn with the Chor and congregation, then [the service is] closed with a collect. There is also a Friday sermon at 8:00, which shall not last longer than an hour. (p. 91)
Festivals: four high feasts (2 services, morning and afternoon): Christmas, Easter, Ascension and Pentecost. Ditto with Circumcision, Epiphany and Purification. Also all apostles days, Conversion of Paul, Annunciation, Thursday and Friday of Holy Week, John the Baptist, Visitation, Mary Magdalene, Michaelis (one sermon each). Hessen 1526 s [12/1/95] - official
[Reformatio ecclesiarum Hassiae]. REPRINT: ed. by Heinrich Hermelink after the translation of Karl August Credner (Marburg, 1926) (BerlinPS: Dr 10391); Richter 1:56–69; Sehling 8:43–65.
Notes from Richter.
Matins: psalm "Venite exultemus" and 1–3 others to the tone in which Latin psalms are sung, and the "Venite exultemus" in the same tone. Then "in rythmo" "Christus Deus misereatur pro dilatatione Regni Christi" with the psalm "Salvum me fac Deus" "quoniam defecit sanctus, aut alius ex his, qui in rythmo positi sunt." Then the bishop reads a chapter from the Old Testament, with an interpretation (?), then the Benedictus is sung "et hoc tonis consuetis, tono quotiie iuxta ordinem mutato." Then "Dominus vobiscum" and the response "Et cum spiritu tuo," then "Oremus Pater noster," to which the church responds "Amen." Then the bishop says "Infunde nobis quaeso Domine Deus noster Spiritum tuum...," with the response "Amen." Then "Dominus vobiscum," "Et cum spiritu tuo"; "Benedicamus Domino," "Deo gratias." (p. 58)
Vespers: everything as in Matins except that the psalm "Venite, exultemus" is not sung, "et cantent psalmum rythmicum ab eo quem mane cantarunt"; the lesson is from the New Testament, and the Magnificat or Nunc dimittis is sung instead of the Benedictus. On festivals both are sung.
Festivals and commemorations: Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Presentation (i.e., Purification), Annunciation, "diei parasceves," Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Visitation. (p. 59) Also John the Baptist, days of apostles and evangelists, St. Stephen, Beheading of John, Conversion of Paul. (p. 60)
Hessen 1532 s [5/16/95] - official
Ordenung der Christlichen kirchen in furstenthumb zu Hessen. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 1:162–65; Sehling 8:75–79.
Notes from Sehling.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Annunciation, Purification, Visitation (full days); apostles' days, namely Mathie (Feb 24), Peter (Aug 1), Conversion of Paul (Jan 25), James (July 25), Andrew (Nov 30), Nativity of John the Baptist (Jun 24), Beheading of the same (Aug 29), Magdalene (Jul 22). The dates are given in footnotes, not in the text. (p. 75)
Matins on Sundays and holy days: as usual, with the Pfarher, Cappellaen or Schulmeister beginning in German or Latin "Domine, labia mea aperies" (Ps 51:17ff., BrevRom Dominica ad Laudes II), "Deus in adiutorium" (Ps. 69, BrevRom Feria quinta ad Completorium), or "Veni sancte spiritus" (Wackernagel I:281). Then the scholars sing "Komm heilger geist" or another, the entire congregation continuing until the end. Then a psalm is sung, then Vatter Unser or another spiritual song. Then the sermon or lesson. Then the Benedictus, then the Blessing from Numbers 6. The Gesang may be done either in Latin for the benefit of the Knaben und Schuler or in German for the benefit of the people. The choirs are divided so that the cantor can see both sides. (p. 76)
Hessen 1537 ([1537]) s- [8/11/93] Des Durchleuchtigen... Herren Philipsen Landtgrauen zu Hessen Ordnung, welcher masse hinfür die Visitatores, Pfarherr, und ire helffer Diacon und alle Kirchendiener verordnet, gehandthabt, und im fal, so irer einer oder mehr untüglich... gefunden, abgesetzt werden sollen.
No agenda.
Hessen 1566 (Marburg, 1566) s [8/12/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung: Wie sich die Pfarherrn und Seelsorger in jrem beruff mit leren und predigen... halten sollen. Cited in Graff 1:36. Graff: especially dependent on Kassel 1539, but also on the `Kölner Reformation," the agenda of Herzog Heinrich 1539, the Nürnburg Agendbüchlein and the Straáburg agenda.
K\irch\\en | Ordnung: | Wie ôich die P\farher#rn | vnd Seelôorger in jrem beruff mit | leren vnd predigen/ allerley Ceremonien vnd | guter Chriôtlicher Diôciplin vnnd | Kirchenzucht halten | ôollen: | F\ür die Kirchen inn dem F\ürôten= | thum~b H\eôôen: | Aus der Apoôteln/ jrer Nachfolger vnd anderen | alten Chriôtlicher reiner Lehrer ôchriff= | ten geôtellet. | Gedruckt zu Marpurgk: | [short rule] | [acorn pointing down and to the left] 1566 [acorn pointing up and to the right] || [Colophon:] Gedruckt z#º Marpurg durch | Andres Kolben/ vnd volendet | durch ôeine Erben: | Am {XVI.} tag des Wintermonats. | Jm jar nach der geburg Jheôu | Chriôti/ | [short rule] | [acorn pointing down and to the left] 1566. [acorn pointing up and to the right]
%Size: 140 @ 96 mm. (2B1^a) %Collation: 4º: AA–CC^4, a–z^4 A–2F^4; $1–3 signed (–AA1–2 2F3) %Pagination: 220 leaves: ff. [{12}] I–V {VI} VII {VIII} IX–CXXXVI 137–160 159 162–164 CLXV CLVI–CLXXXXVII [#=207] [{1}]
%Fingerprint: 1566 04 - a1 AA3 tturfft$ : a2 CC3 nd$auf - b1 a m : b2 2F2 ner$o %Preface: [Privilegivm:] `WJr Philips von Gotts gnaden Landgraue zu Hessen, Graue zu Catzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhan vnnd Nidda." ... `Secret Jnsigels, Der geben ist zu Cassel, den XXI. Octobris, M. D. LXVI." || [Preface:] `WJr Philips von Gottes gnaden Landtgraue zu Hessen, Graue zu Catzenelnbogen etc." ... `Geben zu Cassel vnder vnserm hierauff gedrucktem Secret Jnsigel, den 21. Octobris, Jm jar 1566." || [Preface by the Superintendent:] `Datum Cassel, Mitwochen nach Trinitatis, Anno Domini 1565." %Music: none
Festivals: Christmas (2 days), Circumcision or New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), John the Baptist, Visitation, all observed as Sundays (P2^a). Half-day festivals: apostles' days, Mary Magdalene, Michaelis, Conversion of Paul, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, third day of Christmas, Easter, Pentecost. Bettage held once a month and when needed. (f. P2^b)
Sundays in the cities: when the congregation has gathered, several psalms are sung (f. r2^a) Two psalms should be sung in the morning and one or two in the afternoon in order to be able to sing through the entire psalter in a year. (f. r3^b) Then confession (f. s1^a) and absolution (f. s4^a). Then the Kyrie with the Gloria in excelsis and Et in terra pax in German, then a Collect, Epistle (f. t1^a), Gospel (f. v1^b), Apostles' Creed sung by the congregation (f. v2^a), sermon (not longer than an hour), general prayer with Our Father (f. x1^a), confession and absolution, announcements, (f. x3^b), communion (see separate section), Thanksgiving (f. x4^b), exhortation to remember the poor (f. y1^a), blessing (f. y1^b). A collection is taken for the poor on the way out (collection boxes are by the doors). (f. y1^b) The above discussion is rambling and lengthy, and I may have missed something. See summary in next paragraph.
Summary of the morning service: one or two psalms sung, confession or psalm "Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott," Gloria in excelsis. Kyrie. Et in terra pax in German. Collect. Epistle. Sequence is sung "Benedicta sit semper sancta Trinitas" or "Grates nunc omnes" etc. Or another hymn may be sung. Then the Gospel, sermon, confession and absolution, announcements, thanksgiving (f. y2^a). Then communion and blessing. (f. y2^b)
Sunday afternoons: first service: a psalm or two is sung, then a lesson, sermon, prayer and thanksgiving, a brief psalm or "Dancksagen wir alle" may be sung by all, then blessing. (f. y3^a) Second service, catechism: a psalm is sung, then the hymn on the Ten Commandments, Creed, etc. Diener reads the catechism from the pulpit. (f. z1^b) Examination. (f. z2^a) A psalm is sung, and Benediction. (f. z3^b)
Sundays in the villages: a psalm or two is sung (f. z4^a), confession and absolution OR Psalm 51 sung in its place, Kyrie and Gloria, collect, Epistle, another psalm or sequence, Gospel, "Wir glauben" or Apostles' Creed, sermon on the Gospel, confession (f. A1^b), intercessions, exhortation to remember the poor, blessing.
Catechism in the villages is held as in the cities (f. A2^a).
Weekday services: are generally held every day, or two or three times a week (specific days not prescribed). A psalm or two is sung after "Veni sancte Spiritus." (f. A2^b) Then the Vater Unser, then the sermon, beginning with a hymn (f. A3^a). Vespers is held in some cities: a psalm or two is sung, then a lesson with teaching, then a psalm or "Dancksagen wir alle," not more than a half hour. Most cities replace Vespers with a catechism instruction once or twice a week, which is held as on Sunday (in which case Sunday catechism is not held). In the villages only one service is held on a weekday: one or two psalms are sung, then the Vater Unser is spoken or sung, then the lesson from the New Testament, sermon, thanksgiving and blessing. (f. A3^b) f. A4^a–B3^a - instructions for festivals.
Bettage: two penitential psalms are sung, then the Litany is read by the Diener or sung responsively with the congregation, then Daniel 9 is read (f. C3^b) as a confession, then sermon (f. C4^a), prayer and blessing (f. C4^b).
Abentmal: held on Sundays and on Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Visitation, also on the second day of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost and Maundy Thursday. (f. T1^a) In places where it is not held every Sunday its availability is announced to the congregation the previous week (f. V3^a). It is customary for those communing to come to church the previous evening for instruction (f. V3^b). In this service: after the sermon (or after the hymn, since in some places the sermon is omitted when communion is observed) the exhortation is read (f. V4^a). In some places the exhortation is occasionally omitted, its place being taken by private confession and absolution (f. X2^a). Then the Censura Ecclesiastica; that is, "das Christlich auffsehens der Eltesten, welchs mit grossen ernst verrichtet wirdt" in which the elders decide whether anyone should be kept from communion. (f. X2^a) Then a prayer for the communicants and the blessing (f. X4^a).
On the day of communion: after the sermon the exhortation is read, then the confession and absolution (f. Y1^b), then prayers (f. Y2^a), then an exhortation to remain through communion (f. Y4^a), then a brief hymn of praise is sung. For the following the Pfarherr is at the altar with the other Diener, elders (Eltesten) and officers (Kastendiener). He says "Erhebt ewer hertzen zu Gott vnserm Herrn, denn es ist billich vnd recht auch heilsam, das wir an allen orten, vnd zu aller zeit, dich Herr Him[m]lischer Vatter heiliger Gott anruffen, durch Jesum Christum vnsern Herrn: Amen." Then the Unser Vatter (f. Y4^b) Then "So höret nun mit auffrichtigem hertzen, vnd rechtem glauben die wort des Nachtmals..." followed by the Verba (f. Z1^a). Then the communion, first the men, then the women, during which the church sings "Gott sey gelobet" or "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland," etc. (f. Z1^b) Then the salutation and Thanksgiving (f. Z2^a). Then the Benediction (f. Z2^b).
Hessen 1574 (Marburg, 1574) s [8/11/93] - official
Agenda d. i. Kirchenordnung wie es im Fürstenthumb Hessen mit Verkündigung göttliches Worts... gehalten werden soll. Cited in Graff 1:36. Graff: dependent on the Kurpfalz KO (?).
[Part 1:] {AGENDA} | Das iôt: | K\irch\\enor= | dnung wie es im F\#ür= | ôtenthumb Heôôen mit verkündigung | Göttliches wo#rts/ reichung der heiligen Sacra= | mented vnd andern Ch#riôtlichen handlun= | gen vnd Ceremonien gehalten | werden ôoll. | 1. Corinth. 14. | Laôôet es alles züchtigklich vnd | o#rdentlich z#ºgehen. | Getruckt z#º M\arpurgk | durch Auguôtinum Colbium im Jah#r | [short rule] | [acorn pointing down and to the left] 1574. [acorn pointing up and to the right] || [Part 2 (f. 2A1^a):] O#rdnung vnnd E\efo#r= | mation Vnôer vonn Gotts gnaden | Wilhelms/ Ludwigs/ Philipôen vn~ Geo#rgens/ Geb#rüder/ Landtgrauen z#º Heôôen/ etc. Wie es | in vnôern Fürôtenthumben/ G#raff vnd Landt= | ôchafften/ nicht allein im Kirchen Regiment vo~ | vnôern Viôitatore vnd P#raedicanten/ mit der | Leh#r/ jrem Leben vnd wandel/ Viôitation der | Pfar#ren/ annehmunge vnd beurlaubung der | P#raedicanten/ übunge des Catechiômi vnd der= | gleichen: Sondern auch ôonôten in andern/ z#º | abôchaffung allerhand Aberglaubens/ Rotten | vn~ ergerlichen Lebens/ auch befö#rderu~g Ch#riôt= | licher Zucht vnd Erbarkeit/ vnd erhaltunge g#º | ter Policey dienlichen ôtücken/ als mit Chriôtal | len ôehern/ Zauberern/ Widderteuffern/ Kir= | meôôen/ Sontags tentzen/ Gottesleôterern vnd | Vollôauffern/ auch in etzlichen Ehefellen/ | vnd mit ôtraff der Vnzucht vnd Ehe= | b#r#ºchs/ gehalten wer= | den ôoll. || [Part 3 (f. 2J1^a):] C\h#riôtliche Teutôche Kir= | chengeôenge ôo inObberürten Agenden z#º ôin= | gen vero#rdnet/ vnd aber doch in gemei | nen Geôang büchern nicht z#ºfin= | den ôeindt. | [emblem with coat of arms, 93 @ 80 mm.] | [acorn pointing down and to the left] 1574. [acorn pointing up and to the right] || [Colophon:] [At the end of Part 1] Getruckt z#º M\arpurg | durch Auguôtinum Colbium im Jah#r | nach der geburt Chriôti vnôers Her#rn | vnd Seligmachers. | [acorn pointing down and to the left] 1574. [acorn pointing up and to the right]
%Size: 147 @ 94 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4, a–s^4, 2A–2R^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 s3 2J1); 2B3 signed 2A3 %Pagination: 232 leaves: ff. {1} 2–162 {162} [{2}] {1–3} 4–32 {33} 34–66 [{2}] (misnumbering 110 as 100, 123 as 122, ^239 as 38)
%Fingerprint: 1574 04 - 1b1 A2 euor$e : 1b2 s2 n/$da - 2b1 2A2 zeit$das$ : 2b2 2R3 geôchloôôe %Preface: `VOn Gottes gnaden Wir Wilhelm, Ludwig, Philips vnd Jörge gebrüder, Landgraue[n] zu Hessen, Grauen zu Catenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain vnd Nidda, &c." ... `Geben den Xx. tag Julij Anno 1573." %Music: Service music for the Holy Trinity (i.e., Sundays after Trinity): Introit, Kyrie with German Gloria, Sequences, Glaube `Jch glaub in Gott Vatter den Allmechtigen," German `Wir glauben all ahn einen Gott," German Nicene Creed, responsory `Lobet den Herren alle Heiden" (2J2^a–2O1^b); German Introit, Kyrie, Et in terra and Sequence for Christmas, Easter and Pentecost, and Introit for Ascension (2O1^b–2R2^b)
Festivals: Christmas (2 days), Circumcision (New Year's), Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity, all with singing, sermon and communion as on ordinary Sundays, except that the Introit, Sequence and other liturgical pieces d.t. are used in place of the normal items. Buátag is one Wednesday or Friday a month. During the week a sermon is held every morning (in some places) or two or three times a week (in others); preachers in the cities should preach at least two sermons per week, and in the villages at least one (f. B1^a–B1^b). During Holy Week sermons are held every day, or at least Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, with the Passion history read.
Language: all singing and reading is to be done in German (f. B2^a). This holds whenever the entire congregation is present. But Latin may be used in cities at the beginning of the service before the people have assembled and at Vespers when few people are there (f. B2^b). The singing before the sermon is not to last more than a half hour on festivals or more than a quarter hour on weekdays.
Communion: the Schüler sing "Komm heiliger geist" while kneeling. Then the Introit is sung (see music supplement), then the Kyrie and Et in terra, then the Epistle is read, then a Sequence (see music supplement, which contains the direction that the Sequence may be sung in either German or Latin) or a good German psalm is sung, then the Gospel is read, then the Glaube in German, either the word for word translation or Luther's version, or the German Nicene Creed may be sung instead; occasionally the German "Grates nunc omnes" or another brief song may be sung after the Gospel, after which the Nicene or Athanasian Creed is read from the altar. (f. B3^b) Then the sermon: a brief exhortation to prayer is read from the pulpit, then the congregation sings the Vatter vnser or another usual hymn d.t., such as "Ein kindelein so löbelich," "Christ ist erstanden," "Christ fuhr gehn Himmel," "Nuhn bitten wir den Heiligen Geist," etc. Then the text is read and the sermon is preached. (f. B4^a) Then the exhortation to communicants, the confession and absolution, the general prayer and announcements, all from the pulpit. The exhortation to give to the poor is not to be forgotten (it is not clear whether a collection is actually taken). The people should frequently be reminded to remain for the communion. (f. B4^b) Then "Lobet den Herren alle Heiden" or another brief hymn is sung, such as "Gott der Vatter wohn vns bey." Then the children are confirmed on the three high feasts. Then the communion, then the blessing, a hymn of praise, and the congregation is dismissed. (f. C1^a) f. D2^a–D4^a - form of confession and absolution to be used before the sermon when there are no communicants.
"Früh oder mittags Predigten" - a German psalm is sung at the beginning and a brief hymn of praise at the end.
Vesper or Kinder Predigten - several psalms are sung in Latin or German with the Magnificat before the sermon; after the sermon the children are heard, closing with "Erhalt vns Herr" or something similar.
Weekday mornings: before the sermon 1–2 German psalms are sung, closing the service with a brief hymn, such as "Danck sagen wir alle," "Erhalt vns Herr," "Gott der Vatter wohn vns bey," etc.
Saturday Vespers when there will be communion: several German or Latin psalms are sung with the Magnificat in German (or at times in Latin); an exhortation is read to the communicants. (f. D4^b)
In general, this form is to be followed in the cities. In the villages one should proceed with the sermon, prayer and distribution of the Abentmahl as outlined. The singing may be reduced, since there are not as many people available. (f. E1^a) Order for the monthly or special days of penitence: 1–2 psalms are sung, such as Psalm 51 and the Vatter vnser, until the congregation has assembled. Then the sermon (f. F4^b), exhortation to repentance, confession and absolution, prayers, exhortation to remember the poor (f. G1^a), blessing (pulpit Benediction); the Litany or "Erhalt vns Herr" with "Verleyhe vns frieden" is sung to close the service. (f. G1^b)
The footnotes in Sehling give text and music references in modern sources.
Hessen 1662 (Darmstadt, 1662) r [8/11/93]
Agenda das ist Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es im Fürstenthumb Hessen... gehalten werden soll... Auffs Newe wieder auffgel. Cited in Graff 1:49. Graff: a repeat of the 1574 agenda.
A reprint of the 1574 KO with (mostly) the same page layout.
Hessen 1724 (Darmstadt 172[4]) r [8/11/93]
Agenda, das ist: Kirchen Ordnung, wie es im Fürstenthum Hessen, mit Verkündigung Göttliches Worts,... gehalten werden soll... Gedruckt zu Marpurg... 1574. Jetzo aufs Neue wieder aufgelegt und gedruckt zu Darmstadt... 1662. Abermahls aufgelegt und gedruckt zu Darmstadt 1724.
A reprint of the 1574 KO with (mostly) the same page layout.
Hildesheim 1544 (Hannover, 1544) s [11/13/95] - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Christlike kerckenordeninge der löffliken stadt Hildenssem. Cited in Graff 1:35. Graff: closely related to Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1543.
%Preface: by Anton Corvinus
Notes from Sehling.
Ceremonies: on weekdays at 8:00 or 9:00 the children enter the church, and two of them begin the antiphon (p. 848). Then the others in two choirs sing three or fewer Matins psalms, alternating verses. Then they sing an octonarius from Beati immaculati. Then Gloria Patri. When Beati immaculati is finished, they may sing the Quicumque vult. Then the antiphon is sung again. Then one of the scholars reads in place of the chapter a lesson from the New Testament in Latin, beginning "Lectio sancti evangelii secundum N., capite N.," ending the reading as for a reading from the prophets. Then a second and third boy read likewise. Then a fourth boy reads in German what the others have read in Latin. Then the Benedictus is sung with its antiphon (if desired by the Kerckheren), then the children kneel and say "Kyrieleison, Christeleison, Kyrieleison. Pater noster etc." Then one of the children says: "Ostende nobis Domine misericordiam tuam," the entire choir answering "Et salutare tuum da nobis." Then "Dominus vobiscum" with a collect. Then the children sing "Benedicamus Domino." (p. 849) On weekdays at 2:00 or 3:00 Vespers is rung, and the boys sing three or fewer psalms with the antiphon. The octonarius is not sung. Then a lesson from the Old Testament with the introduction as above; that is, "Lectio libri Genesis capite primo." Then they sing a common ("gemenen") hymnus. Likewise the Magnificat with an antiphon, closing as in Matins.
Vespers on holy day eves: as on weekdays, except that after the lesson the responsory for the day is sung with the Gloria Patri. Then the hymn for the day, if pure. Then two or three children sing the Latin Litany. Then a collect and the Benedicamus. If the Parner is willing, the German Litany may be sung once during the week after the sermon, so that the entire church may answer.
Matins on Sundays and festivals: three psalms are sung before the sermon, then two octonarii with the antiphon. Then the children read the catechism "mit halver stemme." The schoolmaster begins "Haec sunt praecepta Domini Dei nostri," and the children answer "Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus. Non habebis deos alienos." Then the schoolmaster: "Hi sunt articuli fidei nostre," the children responding "Credo in Deum etc." (And so on through the catechism.) After this the children read, if desired, the lesson, then the responsory with the verses and Gloria Patri. (p. 850) Finally the Te Deum with a collect and the Benedicamus.
Vespers on Sundays and festivals: without the Litany, as on holy days. The sermon begins after the Hymnus. Then the entire church sings the German Magnificat and Nunc dimittis. Then a collect and the Benedicamus. If the singing is so long that it would hinder the sermon, the pastor may ask the schoolmaster to shorten it.
Communion on holy days: observed with vestments, candles, etc. (p. 851) A German psalm or Lied may be sung in place of the Introit, during which the Prester goes to the altar and kneels with the Oppermanne and prays for himself, the people and the needs of all Christendom: "Pater noster etc.," the Opperman saying "Amen"; then "Domine non secundum peccata nostra etc.," the Opperman responding "Neque secundum iniquitates nostras etc."; then "Domine ne memineris etc.," the Opperman responding "Cito anticipent nos etc."; then "Adiuva nos Deus etc.," the Opperman responding "Et propitius esto etc." Then the Prester stands and goes in front of the altar. After the Gesange is sung Kyrie etc., then the Prester sings "Gloria in excelsis Deo," the choir of scholars answering "Et in terra pax etc." Then the entire church sings "Allene Godt in der höge sy eer." (p. 852) Then the scholars with organ sing "Laudamus te. Benedicimus te" to its conclusion. The Prester reads the collect in German (it is not necessary to say "Dominus vobiscum"), the people answering "Amen." Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Epistle in German, if he cannot sing it. He may sing it in German if he is able. Then the children sing the Alleluia with the verse, but without the many notes on the end. Then a German psalm in place of the Gradual, or a Gradual with two verses. The sequences and proses are omitted except on high feasts, such as from Christmas to Purification, when "Grates nunc omnes" is sung with the German Gesang "Gelovet sistu, Jhesu Christ"; from Easter to Pentecost "Victimae paschali" with "Christ lach yn dodesbanden" (p. 853) and during Pentecost "Veni sancte Spiritus" with "Nu bidde wy den hilligen Geist." Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Gospel; it is more festive to sing it in the Latin manner, as with the Epistle. Then he turns again to the altar and sings "Credo in unum Deum," the scholars continuing "Patrem omnipotentem." Then the church sings "Wy gelöven all an einen Godt." Then the usual sermon. After this the Prester prepares the bread and wine according to the number of communicants. Then he turns to the people and reads the exhortation to the communicants. Then he turns to the altar and sings "Vader unse" and the Verba in German. (p. 854) The schoolmaster begins "Jhesus Christus, unse heiland" or another [hymn]. When the distribution is ended "Christe, du lam Goddes" is sung. If there are not many communicants the elements may be consecrated separately and distributed immediately after being consecrated. After the communion the Prester reads a Thanksgiving collect, to which the people answer "Amen." Then he blesses the people with the Benediction from Numbers 6. Then the schoolmaster begins a brief German psalm, or whatever he chooses, and the service is ended. During this the Prediger removes the mass vestments, kneels at the altar and thanks God. If there are no communicants there is no consecration, but the Prester may stand in a Chorhemd at a Pult and conclude the service, singing a Gesang or two and ending with the Benediction. During ("In") the high feasts; that is, Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, and Trinity a Latin Introit, Gloria and Alleluia with pure sequence are sung, also the Latin Preface, beginning "Dominus vobiscum etc. Sursum corda etc." (p. 855) Then the Sanctus. Then the Vater unse and Verba, which remain in German. Then the Agnus Dei if the pastor desires.
On German: the sermon, baptism and sacrament are in German. We desire at mass to sing German psalms and hymns with the entire church ("Wy willen ock, wenn wy des hilligen dages tosammendekomen tom aventmale unses Heren Jhesu Christi, mit der ganzen kercken düdesche psalmen unde geistlike lede singen, dem Heren Christo unde dem hemmelschen Vader ton eeren unde unsen geloven unde Goddes gnade to bekennen...." In other sermons it is enough that we sing a German psalm before and after the sermon. When the scholars are present, no one shall forbid their singing and reading in Latin, despising the language in which we have received the Scripture and learning neither Scripture nor art ("Wenn överst unse scholkinder allene to der kercken komen, to singen unde to lesen, wat vorordent ys, so schal se nemandes vorhindern, latinisch to lesen unde to singen, alse etlike grovianen ut erlogenem unde stumpem geiste hebben geropen unde gehandelt, dat me de sprake, dar wy de hillige schrift mede hebben gekregen, schöllen vorachten unde nene schrifte edder künste mer scholden leren.") [Footnote: this section is taken almost word for word from Wolfenbüttel 1543 (Sehling 6:1:59f.), but Wolfenbüttel goes further and criticises especially Thomas Müntzer. (note 3)] (p. 856)
Sermons: [footnote: this section is mostly copied from Wolfenbüttel 1543, although there are local accomodations] On Sunday and festival mornings the catechism is preached for the sake of the youth, and when the catechism sermon is done the Gospel is read, which will be preached on in the following high mass. In the afternoon the Epistle is preached on. During this the Prediger reads the entire catechism slowly so that the people will learn it. Once or twice during the week the Superintendent preaches on a lesson from Scripture; this is arranged so that there is a sermon at one church or another every day during the week. (p. 857) On high feasts or "veertiden"—Christmas, Easter, Pentecost and Michaelis—the sermon at First Vespers may last an hour, but that is not necessary on other festivals. (p. 858)
Special instructions for sermon topics for holy days follow (p. 858–59).
Holy days: Sundays (p. 859), the three great festivals of Christ (each 3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (if this falls during Holy Week it is observed on the Sunday before Palm Sunday), Ascension, Visitation, John the Baptist, Michaelis. Mary Magdalene is observed on the next following Sunday (on which the sequence "Laus tibi Christe" may be sung). Likewise St. Lawrence may be observed on the following Sunday. Days of apostles and saints of the Old and New Testaments may be observed in the usual weekday sermon. (p. 860)
Hof 1592 i [11/3/95] - parish
Widmann, Enoch. Ordo eorum, quae in omnibus sacris actibus ad S. Michaelis, quae Curiae parochialis ecclesia est, diebus tam festis quam profestis ad laudem Dei opt[imi] max[imi] et ad animos piorum in vero Dei cultu exuscitandos et retinendos religiose observantur. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:405–77.
Notes from Sehling. The author of the order, the Cantor in Hof (Enoch Widman or Widmann, 1551–1615), was a highly learned and energetic man who also wrote a history of the city. He favored the old liturgical orders. This order is not a new creation, but is put together from old orders going back to K. Löner (wrote the Nordling KO) and Nicolaus Medler (wrote the Naumburg KO—see Sehling 2:55ff.). An example is the commixtio (I assume of water and wine) held over from the Roman rite. All three of these orders place the Confiteor between the Introit and the Kyrie. The old liturgical order notwithstanding, this KO is consistent with the most modern contemporary church music. (p. 304)
See also Christian Geyer, {Die Nördlinger evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des 16. Jahrhunderts} (Munich, 1896). Most of the responsories in this order can be found in {Responsoria, quae annuatim in veteri ecclesia de tempore, festis et sanctis cantari solent} (Nürnberg, 1572 et al.). (p. 405) See also the Liederregister at the end of this volume of Sehling. There is quite a bit of musical notation in this order. Quite a lot of instruction concerning the figural singing and organ playing is given. Much of the order is given to detailing Sunday and festival propers, including the Introit, Kyrie, Gesang after the Epistle, after the sermon, and during the communion; also hymns before and after the sermon at Vespers.
This looks very interesting, and the Latin doesn't seem too difficult. I'm not going to take detailed notes on it now, but will return to it if the need arises.
Hohenlohe 1553 s [11/4/95] - official
Christliche kirchenordnung der graveschaft Hohennloe etc. 1553. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 15:1:53–81.
Notes from Sehling. Very conservative, but not an Interim order (Sehling, p. 54).
Mass: the Pfarrherr comes to the altar in his "ornat und kirchengewand" (i.e., mass vestments), kneels and prays the Confiteor in Latin. During this the Schulmaynster [{sic}] with the scholars sings the Latin Introit d.t. (if pure). (p. 68) Ditto the Kyrie. Then the Pfarher sings "Gloria in excelsis Deo" in Latin. The choir answers "Et in terra pax..." in Latin. Then "Dominus vobiscum" and "Et cum spiritu tuo." The Pfarherr sings the collect in Latin or German. Then the Epistle d.t. in Latin, or in German on account of the common people. Then the Chor sings the Alleluia, Gradual, Sequence (if pure), or a German psalm instead, such as "Es wolt uns Gott gnedig sein" or "Aus tiefer not" or another Gesang. Then the Gospel d.t. in Latin or German, then the Credo in unum Deum. Then the choir sings the Patrem in Latin, or the entire church sings "Wir glauben." Then the sermon. After the sermon and common prayer the exhortation to the communicants is read word for word. (p. 69) After the Pfarher exits the pulpit the choir sings "Ehr sey dem Vatter und dem Sohn." Then the Pfarherr sings "Per omnia secula seculorum." Then the Preface, and the choir sings the Sanctus in Latin or German. Then the consecration, as follows: "Ir auáerwelten Gottes und geliebten im Herren. Vernehment mit groáem vleyá, ernst und glaubigem hertzen die wort der einsatzung Jesu Christi, unsers lieben herren, welche uns die heyligen evangelisten sampt dem heyligen apostel Paulo eintrechtiglich beschreiben, wie ir ytzt horen werdet: [Verba follow]." The Verba may be sung "umb mehrer andacht willen des gemainen volks," as is the custom in other evangelical churches. Then the Pfarher sings the Pater noster. Then the Pax Domini. Then the choir sings the Agnus Dei. Then the Pfarherr addresses the people with a one-sentence exhortation. Then two men go to the altar with a silk towel and a small bench upon which the people kneel (p. 71), also the deacon (if there is one) with the chalice. Then the men commune, followed by the women. The Pfarher is not to consecrate more "particul" or wine than enough for the number of communicants who have registered; if more is needed, he is to consecrate more. During the communion the choir sings Ps. 111, "Ich dank dem Herren," "Jesus Christus, unser heyland," "Gott sey gelobet," "Discubuit," for as long as is needed. The Pfarherr is to consume all the leftovers and not allow them to remain and not reserve them. The Thanksgiving collect is read. (p. 72) Then follows the Communion [i.e., Postcommunion], the Collect and Benedicamus. Then the Blessing. Midday sermon on holy days and catechism: the Pfarherr or Diacon is to have a part of the catechism or another German psalm or hymn sung so that the young people learn the "geystliche lieder," then he reads the catechism to the youth. Then he takes one part and preaches on it. (p. 73) An examination of the youth is highly recommended.
Vespers: sung with Latin psalms and hymns on Saturday, Sunday and other festivals; for the sake of the lay people a chapter from the Old or New Testament may be read (lect. cont.) with the summary of Dietrich, then the Magnificat is sung in Latin or German, closing with a German collect (which is sung in the same way as the Latin collects) and the Benedicamus.
The Salve Regina is not to be sung, since it is contrary to God's word. If it cannot be abolished immediately, it may be sung with the altered words (they follow).
A sermon is held on Fridays, focusing on prayer and the passion of Christ. Then the pure Litany is sung where there are scholars (especially in times of need), then the Media vita or Tenebrae; where there are no scholars the Media vita is sung in German.
On Saturdays confession follows Vespers.
If there are no communicants on a Sunday or holy day, instead of the above order several Gesang may be sung with a German lesson from an epistle or a chapter from the New Testament with the summary, as above in Vespers, then the sermon, a German Gesang, collect, Benedicamus and Blessing.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany (p. 75), Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), the Marian holy days [footnote: Purification, Annunciation, Visitation, Assumption, Nativity and Conception], the apostles' days, John the Baptist, Mary Magdalene, Michaelis and All Saints.
The "sondern hohen festen" on which the Gospels for the feast are read are Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis, Advent, Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, etc. The three "hohen festen" are also mentioned. (p. 76)
The bells are rung morning and evening for an Ave Maria. (p. 81)
Hohenlohe 1558 s [11/5/95] - official
Bedencken, Wie man in vnsers gnedigen hern, Graue Eberharden von Hoenloe landt visitirn möcht. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 15:1:120–32.
Notes from Sehling.
Sermons: Kirchendiener in cities and villages are to hold two sermons every Sunday: the morning sermon on the Gospel and the afternoon sermon on the catechism. The sermon text may be read from the book, but the sermon itself may not be, except for the very old with the permission of the superintendent. The Kirchendiener is to make certain that all Kirchengesang pertain to the sermon, and he is to exhort the people to sing along. (p. 123)
Catechism: only Luther's catechism or another one previously in use in a locality is to be used. The Schulmaister or Pfarher sings with the church the part of the catechism being treated for the day. Then the Kirchendiener reads the six chief parts slowly and distinctly. Then the sermon, a brief Gesang, then the examination of the youth, then one part of the catechism is read slowly to the youth, and they repeat it.
Each Kirchendiener is to preach at least one sermon during the week, on Wednesday or Friday or another convenient day, and the Litany is sung or read after the sermon, closing with a prayer. (p. 124) The weekday service may be cancelled during planting and harvest. On Palm Sunday the passion is read, and on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday the two best excerpts from the passion are read. On the Sunday after Trinity the misuse of Corpus Christi is explained, and the same is done for All Saints and All Souls days.
Vespers when there are no communicants: it were good if Vespers were held every Saturday, even when there are no communicants. First the Schulmaister or Pfarher sings a German psalm with the congregation, such as "Auá tiefer not," "O Herr Gott, begnade mich" or "Ich ruff zu dir." Then the Pfarher reads a chapter from the Old or New Testament with the summary of Dietrich, then the German Magnificat is sung: "Mein seel erhebt den Herren mein" or "Es wölle uns Gott gnedig sein" or "Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem wort," closing with the common form of the long prayer [footnote: what is meant is the long form of the common prayer] and the blessing. (p. 125)
Vespers when there are communicants: First is sung the Glaube, Vatter Unser, the German Magnificat or "O Herr Got, begnade mich." Then the Pfarher gives "ain feine christliche lehr" on penitence, absolution or communion, closing with the common prayer. Then "Erhalt uns, Herr" or "Es wölle uns Gott" is sung, then the blessing and confession.
Reconsecration is done if there is not enough bread or wine, and the leftovers are to be consumed, not reserved. (p. 126)
Hohenlohe 1571 s [11/5/95] - official
Ordnung, welche allen pfarherrn ubergeben worden, damit allenthalben in der herschaft der ceremonien halb nach der Oringer kirchenordnung gleicheit gehalten werde. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 15:1:167–69.
Notes from Sehling.
Sundays when communion is held: a psalm is sung, then the prayer and words of the catechism are read (p. 167) in place of the Epistle, then the Glaube or "Nun bitten wir den H. Geist" is sung, then the Gospel is read and the sermon preached from the pulpit, then the Preface is read from the altar with the Offene Beicht and absolution, then the Vatter Unser, then the Verba are read facing the people [!], distribution, Thanksgiving and Blessing.
When communion is not held, after the sermon is the Offene Beicht and absolution, exhortation to prayer, prayer and Vater Unser, something is sung, closing with the collect and blessing.
On Fridays a psalm is sung, then a sermon, then an exhortation to penitence, then the Litany (read where it cannot be sung), prayer, Vatter Unser, blessing.
Vespers and confession: times detailed for confession (p. 168). Vespers at 3:00 or "halbe 3 uhren" begins with singing of a psalm, then a sermon on the communion, closing with a prayer and blessing, then confession. (p. 169) Hohenlohe 1578 (Nürnberg, 1578) s [11/5/95] - official
Kirchenordnung Wie es mit der Lehre vnd Ceremonien, in der löblichen Grafschafft Hohenloe &c. soll gehalten werden. 1578. Cited in Graff 1:58. Graff: on the basis of an older manuscript KO of 1553/1556 that followed mostly Brandenburg-Nürnberg, Hanau 1573 and Württemberg 1553.
Notes from Sehling.
Sundays and holy days: where there are schools, the Schulmeister with the scholars sings a German psalm related to the Gospel; if there are no schools the Pfarrer sings it with the congregation. But as in the city of Oeringew it has been the laudable custom that the Latin Schuldiener and scholars sing a figural piece every Sunday and holy day, this practice is retained and the German psalm is sung immediately thereafter. Then the Kirchendiener turns toward [!] the people and reads a collect so that it can be clearly heard by the people, then he reads the six chief parts of the catechism (the catechism reading is lacking in the 1688 edition), then a chapter from the New Testament (lect. cont.) with the summary of Dietrich. If the reading is too long it may be divided in half, or if there are many communicants or if there is other reason the summary may be omitted. Then the scholars and congregation sing the Glaube or "Nun bitten wir" or "Komm Heiliger Geist." Then the sermon (p. 262): on high feasts the old brief Geseng are sung, then on other than high feasts the Vatter Unser is prayed, then the Gospel is read, then the sermon proper, not to last more than 45 minutes or at most an hour, then the common prayer, then if there are no communicants (if there are communicants, they assemble at the altar—see below) the Offene Beicht is read with the absolution, then the announcements are read (p. 263), ending with the Vatter Unser. Then the scholars and church sing a psalm such as "Erhalt uns, Herr" (p. 264) or "Verleihe uns friden" or the like. On festivals a Gesang d.f. is sung. Then if there are communicants the communion is held (see below), otherwise the service is ended with a prayer and the blessing.
Weekday sermon: held in each parish at least once a week on Friday; the sermon is on the Sunday Epistle or, with the approval of the inspector, another text. Since there are several sermons during the week in cities, the Kirchendiener shall work together to select the texts. First a psalm is sung, then a chapter from the Old Testament with the summary of Dietrich is read, then "Nun bitten wir" or another brief Gesang is sung, then the sermon and Vatter Unser, then the German Litany is sung, closing with a prayer and the blessing. All of this is to be completed within an hour.
Additional comments on the Kirchengesang: since the psalms and spiritual Gesenge are not handled properly by many Pfarrer and Schulmeister, the following points are to be observed: first, the Gesang in the church is to relate to the liturgical season (p. 265); and second, especially in the villages many and various hymns are not to be used, but rather only a few, principally those of Dr. Luther and the catechism hymns. (p. 266)
Several pages of collects follow.
Vespers and confession: held every Saturday and Feyerabend in cities and villages. In the cities a Latin psalm with a pure antiphon is sung, then the Hymnus de tempore, then the Magnificat with a pure antiphon, then the German Gesang "Nun bitten wir." Then the Kirchendiener reads a chapter from the Old Testament (lect. cont.) with the summary of Dietrich. If there are communicants a sermon is delivered on communion, closing with a German Gesang, a collect and the blessing. In villages and where Latin singing is not possible the Pfarrer has a German psalm sung, then a chapter with the summary or the sermon if there are communicants, then Gesang, collect and blessing. Then confession—to be done privately if at all possible, not in a group, as in many places (p. 284). Communion: after the sermon and Gesang the Kirchendiener reads the exhortation to the people (follows). (p. 286) It includes the Words of Institution. Then the Offene Beicht and absolution, ending with the Vatter Unser. (p. 287) Then the Kirchendiener reads the Words of Communion "mit verstendlicher stimm." Then the people go and receive the body of Christ in one place and the blood of Christ at another, during which the church sings "Jesus Christus," "Gott sey gelobet" or "Als Jesus Christus, unser herr." Then Thanksgiving, (p. 288) and Blessing. (p. 289)
Holy days: New Year's or Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Matthias, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), (p. 295) Philip and James, Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul (since Visitation usually falls in the same week as Peter and Paul and the field work is too demanding to allow two holy days within one week, Visitation is moved to August 15), James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Andrew, Thomas, Christmas, Stephen, John the Evangelist. The Conversion of Paul and Michaelis are observed on the Sunday following the day. (p. 296)
Hohenlohe 1582 s [11/5/95] - official
[Verbesserung der kirchenordnung,] generalarticul, consistori-, synodi-, visitations-, examinations-, ordinations-, stipendiaten,- lateinische und deutsche schuel-, ehe- und andere dergleichen nutzliche und nottwendige ordnungen. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 15:1:437–508.
Notes from Sehling.
Vom Kirchengesang: during the visitation it was discovered that in virtually all parishes only the scholars sing and no one from the congregation sings along ("Wir haben auch aus der visitation befunden, das schier in allen pfarren nur die schueler allein und niemands von dem pfarrvolk mitsingen tue.") Because the hymns contain much good teaching and many useful things and therefore congregational singing is a worthy practice, the Pfarrherr are to exhort the people in their sermons how useful they can be, and that in each house the parents should send at least one child to school, and they should teach their children and servants not only the catechism but also to sing psalms. The people should pay attention to the schoolmaster and scholars when they sing and not sing too loudly or too high, nor in a disorderly fashion: "Darbey sollen auch sie die pfarrher das volk erinnern, das sie im singen aufeinander, sonderlichen aber uf den schuelmeister und schueler gute achtung geben und nit zu laut oder hoch, noch auch unordenlich singen, als wie sie uf dem veld schreyen, sonder hierin gebuerliche maá halten, darumb auch fur[p. 444]nemblich die schuelmeister achtung geben und ihre schueler auf solche maá weisen, das sie die meuler auch nit weit aufsperren oder zu stark schreien, sonder mit mittelmesiger stim singen sollen." It is further ordered that in all parishes, especially in cities, Sunday catechism is to be rung a quarter or half hour earlier and the extra time used to practice psalm singing with the children. The pastors and schoolmasters are to use the common, well-known and simple psalms and spiritual Lieder already known to the people until they become accustomed to the new Geseng ("Und damit sie solche soviel als der mehr begreifen, sollen die kirchendiener und schuelmeister sich befleisigen, das sie gemeine und wolbekante, leichte psalmen und geistliche lieder singen, die dem volk biáhero bekand gewesen, bis sie der newen geseng auch gewonen und mitlerzeit eines nach dem andern lernen kennen."). The young people are to learn to sing under threat of punishment (revoking permission for dances, etc.), and when the [young people] gather in the "kunkelstuben und vorsitz" (social gatherings) in the winter they are to sing only psalms and spiritual Lieder; (p. 444) a fine will be imposed on those violating this order. (p. 445)
Confession is held only in the church. The pastors shall stand, insofar as possible, in an open, unobstructed place, far enough from each other that they cannot hear each other's confessions, and those waiting to confess shall stand far enough away so that they also cannot hear. (p. 447) It was discovered in the visitation that only a small portion of the communicants actually attend the Vespers the previous evening. Some of them appear only afterwards to register. The pastors are to discourage this. (p. 449)
Since in rural parishes it is difficult for the Kirchendiener to attend all services since the Pfarrkirche may be quite distant, if a holy day falls during the week but not on a Friday, the Litany may be sung on the holy day and the usual service on Friday suspended if that is convenient for the scholars. This is not to be done in cities. (p. 450–51)
During the visitation it was discovered that the Friday sermon is poorly attended in cities and villages alike. Therefore the Kirchendiener are to exhort the people to attend faithfully, and especially the civic leaders, that they set a good example. (p. 451)
It has also been found that most people do not attend the entire service on Sunday, but the majority leaves immediately after the sermon. The Pfarrherr is to exhort the people to remain for the entire service. But for the sake of the laity, and especially in winter, he is also to shorten the singing and lessons, and the sermon should not last longer than a half hour or 45 minutes, so that those who have a long journey home can still return for the midday service. (p. 455)
From the Öhringen German school order (attached to this order): the German schoolmaster is responsible with his boys for the singing in the Sunday morning and afternoon services (and on holy days along with the Latin school, likewise for the evening service in the Spital every two weeks) and on Monday and Wednesday, either by himself or by providing a substitute. On Mondays and Wednesday the scholars are to stay only for the singing and the readings, and not more than fifteen boys at a time are to be used during the week, and a different set is to be used before and after the sermon to assist with the singing. The schoolmaster is to ensure that the psalms sung accord with the Gospel and the sermon. On Sundays he is to consult with the organist so that there will be no confusion. On Sunday before the Amptpredigt (main service), as soon as the figural music has ended, he shall sing "O Here Gott begnade mich" or "Eá ist das heil uns kommen her" or another psalm. After the prayer, catechism and chapter he sings "Kom Heiliger geist," "Nun bitten wir" or "Christi ist erstanden." After the sermon he sings "Sey lob und ehr mit hohem preiá" or something else that is brief. During the communion distribution he sings "Gott sey gelobet" and whatever else is appropriate. In the midday or catechism sermon he sings after the Latin Gesang and organ are done a section from the catechism such as "Diá sind die heiligen...," the Glaube or the Vatter Unser, then he sings "Nun bitten wir." After the sermon he sings another stanza or two. On the common holy days in place of the psalm he sings (p. 503): "Wir glauben," then "Nun bitten wir," and after the sermon one or two stanzas, or "Ich glaub in Gott Vater, den Allmechtigen." On Monday and Wednesday as soon as the bell has rung he enters the church with his boys and sings a psalm that isn't too long, such as "Ein feste burg," and then sings "Nun bitten wir." After the the sermon he sings the last stanza of the psalm sung earlier, or "Ehr sey dem Vatter." (p. 504)
From the Öhringen Latin school order: on Fridays at 8:00, as soon as the bell has rung, the Schuldiener goes with his boys (each one having a psalmbook) into the church, singing a psalm before the sermon (p. 507) and the Litany afterwards. On Mondays and Wednesday the German school is in charge of the Kirchengesang so that the Latin school may continue to hold classes. In winter when it is very cold, the lower classes may remain in the school during this and the Sunday sermon and practice the catechism with a teacher. At Saturday Vespers they enter the church with the procession when the bell has rung, and after the Kirchendiener has begun Vespers they sing the antiphon, psalm, hymn and Magnificat "nit obenhin perunisono, sondern langsam auádruckenlich und andechtig." The Schulmeister is to lead them in and out of the church. On Sunday and holy day mornings the Schuldiener and the scholars come into the church before the bell has finished ringing and, as soon as the bell has rung, they sing figural music, "auf welchen der organist auch gericht sein würd, darmit die gemein durch das figuralgsang und orgel am deutschen gsang und gemeinem gebett nit verhindert und sonderlich das landvolk mit dem actu nit zu lang aufgehalten werde." As soon as the sermon and common prayer is ended, the scholars are to stand up in two rows in the Chor so that the communicants are not hindered in moving into and out of the chancel. The boys are likewise to meet at the school and proceed into the church for the midday and catechism sermon and for the vesper sermon. Since either all or a part of the boys participate in funerals, they are to proceed two by two in order and assist in the singing. (p. 508)
Hohenlohe 1596 s- [11/5/95] - Reformed
Unser Wolffgangs, graven von Hohenloe etc. und herrn zu Langenburg etc., schuel- und gesangsordnung sambt andern angehengten vergleichungen und verbesserungen der kirchencaeremonien, wie wir solche bey allen und jeden unserer graveschaft kirchen und schuelen hinfürters ernstlich gehalten haben wöllen. Anno Christi 1596. REPRINT: Sehling 15:1:649–665.
The Calvinist Reformation was instituted in Hohenlohe beginning in 1587 (Sehling 15:642). This is therefore a Reformed order, and I have not taken notes on it.
Hoya 1573 s [12/5/95] - official
Kirchen Ordnung der Graff- und Herrschafften Hoya, Rittpergh, Bruchausen, Esentz, Steddeádorff und Wittmundt. REPRINT: Richter 2:353–57.
Notes from Richter.
The Sanctus is sung in Latin and German, with three boys kneeling (p. 355) at the Benedictus and at the words "Et homo factus est" in the Athanasian [!] Creed, as has traditionally been the practice. During the communion "Jesus Christus unser Heylandt," "Gott sey gelobet," "Lamb Gottes" and "Heillig ist Gott der Vatter" are sung both in the Chor and below in the church, and the Pastors should exhort the Kaspeláleute that they should sing along ("...Jm Chor vnd nodden in der Kirchen, vndt sollen die Pastoren die Kaspeláleute ermahnen, daá Sie mith singen, Gott loben, preisen, ehren vndt dancken helffen, Auch den Scholemeistern undt Kostern befehlen, daá Sie ohne fürwissen der Pastorn ihres gefallená die psalme nit singen, dazue noch das Kaspelsvolck nit gewehnet, noch sonsten, die so weltlicher lieder, gleiche weisse haben, Doran sich der Gemeine Man ergern möchte, Eá sollen auch alle vnd ieder Pastoren in ihren befohlen Kaspellen, gleiche Ceremonien halten, vndt dessen allezeidt mith unsern Hauptkirchen durchauá einig sein...."
In cities and towns where there is an early service, the psalter is sung before the sermon, likewise the Te Deum or Benedictus in Latin or German; and at the afternoon sermon the Magnificat is sung in addition to the other psalms of David.
Vespers is sung on evenings of high feasts and on Saturdays. The organists are to take their responsibility seriously and not play secular songs.
In cities and towns there is to be a sermon on Wednesdays and Fridays, and in villages on Fridays; on Fridays the Litany is sung (except during harvest). (p. 356)
Hoya 1581 (Leipzig, 1581) s [11/10/95] - official Kirchenordnung, wie es in religionssachen mit der seligmachenden lehr des heiligen göttlichen worts, christlicher administration der hochwirdigen sacramenten und allerley denselben anhengenden, auch sonst zu dem heiligen predigampt gehörigen, löblichen und heilsamen ceremonien in den graffschaften Hoya und Bruichausen einmütiglich gehalten werden sol. Darinne auch zu ende und sonst allerhand, eine gute disciplin betreffende, hochnötige artickel kürzlich verleibet befunden werden. Cited in Graff 1:33. Useful. Graff: from Lüneburg 1564, Calenberg 1569, Oldenburg 1573, Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1533, Herz. Heinrich 1539, Waldeck 1556.
Notes from Sehling.
Duties of the Küster: (1) ring the bell at the proper time; (2) service the altar and the Gesenge; (3) attend with the pastor to baptisms, burials and visiting the sick; make certain that there is fresh water in the baptismal font, and clean the font regularly; (4) if there is a clock tower, attend to it each morning and evening ("Da man uhrwerk hat, so vom küster gestellet werden, sol der küster dazu gedenken, das er das werk selbst abends und morgens regiere und weib und kinder davon lasse, wo nicht und es drüber verdürbe und unrecht gienge, sol er dafür antworten") (p. 1142); (5) keep the church clean; (6) drive from the church dogs that run around during services and bite each other; (7) keep grazing animals away from the churchyard; (8) No Küster shall be chosen who does not know the catechism from memory, who cannot write, and who cannot sing the customary Kirchengesenge in German and Latin; (9) when the pastor is ill and no substitute can be obtained, read to the people the five chief parts of the catechism with Luther's explanation, and examine the children in the catechism; (10) assist the pastor in admitting and excluding people from the sacrament; (11) the Küster shall be dismissed if he does not attend the Lord's Supper after being warned; (12) ring the prayer bell each morning, noon and evening (p. 1143); (13) dress as befits a servant of the church; (14) "Dieweil das krügen und brandweinschenken keinem kirchendiener geziemet, wollen wir hiemit berürte krügereyen des biers und gebranten weins unsern küstern verboten haben. Und so sie solche hantierung nicht gedechten zu unterlassen, sollen sie durch unsere consistorialen enturlaubet werden; (15) not set himself against the pastor. Duties of the organist: shall play only psalms and spiritual compositions, not secular songs, whether before or after the Predigt or before or after weddings. (p. 1144)
Vespers on Saturdays: rung at 1:00; if there are Latin scholars the schoolmaster and scholars enter the Chor and sing three Latin psalms with antiphon. Then a boy reads a Latin lesson from the New Testament to the prophecy tone, then another boy reads the same lesson in German. Then a responsory d.t. is sung, then the usual hymn is played and sung, then the Magnificat with an antiphon from the gospel. Then the collect is sung, then the Benedicamus. Then the Pastor seats himself in the Chor and waits for his penitents ("Beichtkinder"). (p. 1145)
Early sermon: in cities and villages where it is held, it is rung at 4:30. The Schulmeister goes to the Chor with the boys and sings one or two psalms, according to their length, with an antiphon d.t. (p. 1147) Then a boy reads a Latin lesson from the Old Testament, then another boys reads the same lesson in German. Then a responsory d.t. is sung, then the Benedictus played on the organ and sung. Then a German psalm. Then the sermon on the catechism. Then "Erhalt uns, Herr" or another psalm.
Sermon and mass: rung at 7:00. The Schulmeister, Küster and scholars go into the Chor. Where there is an organ, the organist begins to play "Herr Gott, wir loben dich." Where there is no organ it is sung. When that is finished the Pastor in his usual long Rock goes before the altar, puts on the mass vestments and sings the Introit. Then the organist plays the Kyrie, and the choir sings "Christe eleyson." After the Kyrie the Pastor sings "Ehre sey Gott in der höhe." Then "Allein Gott." Then the Pastor turns in front of the altar and sings "Der Herr sey mit euch," the choir answering "Und mit deinem geiste." Then he sings a German collect related to the Gospel or the festival (see the Kinderpostillen of Veit Dietrich following the gospels). Then the Epistle sung by the Pastor in German. Then a German psalm is sung in place of the Sequence. Then the Pastor sings the Gospel in German. Then he sings "Credo in unum Deum." If there are Latin scholars they sing the Latin Patrem, then the German "Wir glauben" is played [!] and sung. If there are no Latin scholars only the "Wir glauben" is sung. At the beginning of the sermon on high feasts the old songs "Christ ist erstanden," "Gelobet seystu" and "Nu bitten wir" are sung. On the day of Trinity and throughout the summer "O Vater unser, gnediger Gott [Wackernagel IV:1186] is sung." After the sermon the people are exhorted to prayer; the Pastor may use the form from Luther's Hauspostillen. Then a Vater Unser, and then "Erhalt uns, Herr" is sung. The sermon is begun at 8:00 and ends at 9:00. After the sermon the parts of the catechism are read to the people. When the Gesang after the sermon is finished, the Pastor reads the exhortation of Luther as found in Luther's psalm book. Then the Vater Unser and Verba (p. 1149) are sung. A short bench is to be placed at both places by the altar upon which the communicants can kneel. Altarleute should stand on both sides of the altar to guide the people. During the communion is sung "Jhesus Christus," "O lamb Gottes" and "Gott sey gelobet," alternating ("eins umb ander"). After the communion the Preister turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sey mit euch," the choir answering "Und mit deinem geiste." Then he reads the collect "Wir danken dir," the choir answering "Amen." Then he gives the Blessing, and "Es wol uns Gott genedig sein" is sung. But on festivals is sung the song for the day: "Gelobet seystu, Jhesu Christ" with the following verses on Christmas, the brief "Jhesus Christus, unser heyland, der den tod uberwand" on Easter and "Kom, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott" on Pentecost.
Sunday Vespers in cities and villages: rung at 1:00; the schoolmaster goes to the Chor with the boys, and they sing three psalms with an antiphon. Then a boy reads a Latin lesson from the New Testament, and another boy reads it in German. Then the organist plays a hymn. Then a German psalm is sung. Then the sermon. Then another German psalm is sung, then the Magnificat, collect and Benedicamus.
Afternoon in the villages: catechism sermon rung at 1:00, the pastor, Cüster and whatever schoolchildren are present go into the church and sing a catechism psalm found in the psalmbook ("Nu last uns Christen frölich sein," "Diá sind die heiligen zehen gebot," "Wir gleuben," "Vater unser im himelreich," "Christ, unser Herr, zum Jordan kam," "Jhesus Christus, unser heyland"; at times other fine Lutheran psalms are sung so that the people learn to sing them). (p. 1150) Then the Pastor mounts [the pulpit] and reads the parts of the catechism, and at times he explains a commandment. After the sermon he examines the boys and girls in the catechism. No form of catechism is allowed except Luther's, and all others are to be cut apart and discarded. After the examination is a prayer, then "Christ, der du bist der helle tag" or another psalm is sung, closing with the collect and blessing.
The pastors should diligently encourage the people to sing the even-numbered verses of psalms while the choir is silent; to this end a few boys may stand or sit with the congregation and help them to sing ("Die pastorn sollen mit fleis erhalten die psalmen, so vom Doctore Luthero gemacht und man von anfang des evangelii gehabt und gesungen, und dieselben fleissig treiben und grossen fleis dran wenden, das die leute in der kirchen stets den andern verá singen mögen und der chor so lang schweigen. Zu solcher beförderung kan man ein bar knaben unter dem volk stehen oder sitzen lassen, die da singen und sich die leute bey denselben also zum singen gewehnen.") Other Christian Gesenge may also be used if pure so long as the old hymns are not neglected.
The Vierzeitenfesten [Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, Michaelis]: the mass is done in Latin throughout, with Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, collect, Epistle, Sequence, Gospel, etc., although the usual German psalm for the festival (which the people sing as well) is sung. (p. 1151)
When there are no communicants on Sundays, festivals and apostles' days: run at 7:00, and the pastor, Schulmeister, Küster and boys (if available) go into the Chor and begin to sing "Herr Gott, wir loben dich." After this the Pastor puts on the Kirchenhabit, and the Introit and Kyrie are sung, then "Preis und lob sey dir, Gott in der höhe," then a collect with the Epistle. Then a psalm and the Gospel are sung. Then "Credo in unum Deum. Wir gleuben." Then the sermon, and thereafter the sermon prayer and the blessing, closing with "Es wolt uns Gott genedig sein."
Weekday sermons: held Wednesdays and Fridays in both cities and villages. On Wednesday it is rung at 6:00 in summer and at 7:00 in winter, and the Schulmeister goes into the Chor with the boys, and they sing an Octonarius (8 verses) from Ps. 119 ("Beati immaculati"), continuing with the next part of the psalm the following Wednesday, then an antiphon from the gospel. At times the Athanasian Creed may also be sung. On Fridays the service is rung at 7:00 in winter and at 6:00 in summer. "Domine, non secundum peccata nostra" is sung, followed by the Litany, then "Nim von uns, Herr, all unsere sünde und missethat." Then the collect and sermon, all within an hour. After the sermon and prayer the service is concluded with a psalm. (p. 1152)
Collects follow (not reprinted in Sehling), then the musical notation for collects, epistles, gospels, prefaces, etc. (p. 1152–56); Sehling reprints only the text.
The section on the girls' schools states that for sermons and catechism instruction the girls should take their psalmbooks with them into the church and join in the singing when the [congregation] sings. If any parents do not allow this, the Superintendent and inspectors are to expel [the girl] from school, after due warning. ("Es sollen auch solche megdlein ihre psalmbücher mit sich in die kirchen nemen und bringen, und wenn die kirchen singet, fein mit lauter stimme mitsingen. So ihnen aber ihre eltern (wie man denn unwissende, hoffertige leute findet) solches nicht gestadten und sie von der kirchen und singen zu solcher zeit wolten abhalten, denselben sollen sie durch die superintendenten und inspectorn aus der schulen nach beschehener vergeblicher vermanung wiederumb heimgeschickt, die eltern auch von unserm verordneten consistorio ernstlich angesehen werden.") (p. 1180)
Festivals and holy days: the four chief feasts are Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (each 3 days) and Michaelis in place of the Assumption. Other days observed are: New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday. If Annunciation falls during Holy Week it is moved to the Thursday after Judica. Also Andrew, Thomas, Conversion of Paul, Matthias, Peter and Paul, Philip and James, Mary Magdalene, James, Bartholomew, Beheading of John, Matthew, Simon and Jude, All Saints. (p. 1186)
Jever 1562 (Wittenberg, 1562) s [11/14/95] - official
Kerckenordeninge, wo ydt mit Christliker Lere, rekinge der Sacrament, Ordination der Dener des hilligen Evangelii, ordentliken Ceremonien yn den Kercken, Visitation unnde Scholen van der eddelen unde wolgebarn Maria, gebaren Dochter unde Frewchen tho Jheuer, Rustringen, Ostringen unnde Wangerlande etc. Underdanen schal geholden werden. Upt nye corrigert unde aversehen dorch M. Petrum Rodtbart. Cited in Graff 1:47.
Notes from Sehling.
Schools: a school shall be established in every parish so that the youth may be trained in godliness and that the traditional chants may be sung in the church on Sundays and holy days. ("Up dat men der jungen jöget, de dachlick hertowasset, de hövetstücke unde articul der christliken religion so vele beter unde bequemer also balde im anvange des duchtigen olders mach ynbilden, dorch welckere junge jöget, ock de christlike kercke unde dat gemene beste bedenet werd, de christlike religion ock up unse nakömlinge rein unde unbeflecket möge geervet werden, schal men allen flit vörwenden unde nene unkostinge sparen, dat men by allen kercken im lande eine schole möge uprichten, darinne de jöget van junk up de godtsalicheit lere unde yn fruchten Gades ertagen werde, dat se ock yn der kercken des Sondages unde anderen festdagen de gewöntliken lavesenge singen, dardorch Gades name geeret unde gepriset unde dersülvigen jungen jöget salicheit gesocht werd.")
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (p. 1235), Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days). On the foregoing festivals the festival hymns from Luther's hymnal are sung. Also observed are: all apostles's days; that is, Conversion of Paul, Matthias, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, James, Matthew, Bartholomew, Simon and Jude, Andrew and Thomas, John the Baptist, also Visitation, Mary Magdalent and Michaelis; these days are to be announced from the pulpit on the preceding Sunday. In the city of Jever and in the largest parishes sermons on Scripture are also held on Wednesday and Friday. In smaller parishes in which attendance would not justify holding sermons during the week the catechism is to be preached in its entirety twice per year [footnote: as in Luther's own catechism sermons begun in Wittenberg in 1523, which were held four times per year, four days per week for two weeks each]. (p. 1236)
Communion: after the sermon the Prediger reads the exhortation to the communicants (p. 1240), then the Preface is sung in Latin or German (see the Mecklenburg order), then the Sanctus in German or Latin. If time does not permit the Vader unse and Verba may follow the sermon immediately. Then the Vader unse is sung (p. 1241), then the Verba. The men commune first, then the women. During the communion is sung the Agnus Dei, "Jhesus Christus, unse heiland," "Godt sy gelavet." After the communion the Prester begins the Thanksgiving collect. Then the Benediction, and finally "Erhold uns, Here" or "Vörlen uns frede." (p. 1242)
Kassel 1539 (Erfurt, 1539) s [5/16/95] - official
Ordenung der Kirchenübung, Für die Kirchen zu Cassel. Cited in Graff 1:36. Graff: the service had previously followed Wittenberg fairly closely; this KO brought in the influence of Bucer in Straáburg. REPRINT: Richter 1:295–306; Sehling 8:113–30.
Notes from Sehling.
Communion is held every other Sunday in the Altenstatt (p. 114).
The scholars are brought into the church at the second bell, rung a half hour before the third bell. They sing Latin psalms and Gesänge for fifteen minutes, then a boy reads the Gospel for the Sunday, then the entire congregation sings the Creed and other spiritual songs up until the sermon. During the sermon the people should be exhorted to sing the Gesenge before and after the sermon. Only valued (bewerte) hymns are to be sung in the church. The scholars are not to be let out of the church after the singing, as has been heretofore the practice, but they are to remain for catechism and take part in the questions and answers. An exception is made for the very young and when it is too cold to remain in church.
Penitential Bettage are held once a month. (p. 128) After the sermon is a collect in German in which the prayer is summarized, then a hymn is sung and the Blessing. (p. 129)
Kempton 1553 s [10/13/95] - semiofficial Truber, Primus. Herrn Primus Trubers pastors und kuerchendieners zu Kempten einem ersamen rat daselbsten übergebene kuerchenordnung, weliche in den hauptpunkten und articuln lautet, wie hernach folget. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 12:175–77.
Notes from Sehling.
For baptism, communion, holy days, weddings, visitation of the sick, funerals all as in the Württemberg KO [of 1553].
Sundays and holy days when there are no communicants: the people come into the church and sing the Glaube or Vater Unser in German or a psalm. Then two or three scholars sing ("vorsingen") the German Litany (p. 175), and the other scholars and the people respond. Then the Helfer may hold a brief prayer and announce the holy days, weddings, etc.
Midday: as is traditional. The Prediger reads once a month to the people "wie sich alle stend — ein jeder in seinem beruof [!] — nach Gottes und seiner apostel befelch soll halten" as is printed in the Württemberg KO. Then "Komm, heiliger geist" is sung, then the sermon and closing.
Vespers: begins with a German or Latin psalm, then a chapter or lesson from the Old Testament is read to the people with the summary, then the catechism with the questions to the children. Then the Magnificat may be sung in German or Latin or another Christian Lied, then a brief prayer and blessing.
Weekdays: Tuesday and Thursday sermons as is customary. On Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays: first a psalm is sung, then intercessions for all sorts and conditions, then a chapter or lesson from an epistle is read and also one from the gospels with brief explications, closing with the prayer and blessing. VESPERS begins with a German or Latin psalm, then a chapter is read from the Old Testament with the summary, closing with a Gesang and "Verleih uns frieden," prayer and blessing. All lessons are lectio continua.
When there are communicants: communion should be observed more often [footnote: previously under the Memmingen KO it was observed four times per year]; those communing should come to Vespers the evening before, and instead of the chapter the teaching of Paul on communion is to be treated. And according to the practice of the early church and many current churches it is good for each person to be examined, instructed and absolved (p. 176), but because this would cause so much division here the following is observed instead: after Vespers all come to the chancel, including the Kirchendiener, Schulmeister, Zechmeister and other godfearing men whose conduct is known to all, and they count the number of communicants. If there are people there for whom it is not certain whether they understand the catechism, or that are in grievous sin, these together with the youth shall be examined by a Kirchendiener and either admitted or excluded for a time. Parents and heads of households are to send a child or a servant to a Kirchendiener one or two days before communion if they sense that he or she does not understand the catechism. When all have been counted and, where necessary, instructed, the Offene Beicht is said and the people are absolved. The following day communion is held according to the Württemberg KO. A signal may be given on the kleine Glocke on Sunday after the Litany so that all in the city, particularly those dealing with business or sleeping late or who otherwise don't want to spend a long time in church, know that the sermon is about to begin ("Item man mag dem mösmer mit dem gloggenleuten auch ain ordnung geben, sonderlich, wann ain leuch vorhanden, und am sontag nach der litanei, daá er leute mit ainer klainen gloggen, auf das jedermann in der stat kan wissen, wann man anfahe zu predigen, und das auch die, weliche mit geschäften beladen oder nicht fruer aufsteen oder sonst nit gern lang in der kuerchen und beim gottesdienst sein, dannocht zur rechter zeit zur predig kommen mögen.") (p. 177) Kleve, Mark 1687 (Kleve, 1687) s- [9/10/93]
Clev- und Märckische Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirchen-Ordnung. Cited in Graff 1:39. Graff: a Lutheran order, leans on the Reformed order of 1687; the model is the orders of Hessen.
No agenda.
Köln 1543 s [12/3/95] - official
Bucer, Martin and Philipp Melanchthon. Von Gottes genaden, vnser Hermans Ertzbischoffs zu Cöln, vnnd Churfürsten &c. einfaltigs bedencken, warauff ein Christliche, in dem wort Gottes gegrünte Reformation an Lehr, brauch der Heyligen Sacramenten vnd Ceremonien, Seelsorge, vnd anderem Kirchendienst, biá vff eines freyen, Christlichen, Gemeinen oder Nationals Concilij, oder des Reichs Teutscher Nation Stende, im Heyligen Geyst versamlet, verbesserung, bey denen so vnserer Seelsorge befolhen, anzurichten seye. Hier. VI. Also spricht &c. Act. X. So habe nun acht. REPRINT: Richter 2:30–54.
Notes from Richter. The Gospel is the sermon text on holy day mornings (p. 35). Catechism is to be held at least once a week, and preferably twice. In the cities two services with lessons, prayer and psalms are to be held daily. Morning prayer is held in villages three times a week. (p. 36)
Communion is held whenever there are communicants. Where there are clerics and scholars, while the people assemble they sing 1–3 psalms (p. 41) with a dominical antiphon, responsory and Hymnus (if pure), with the Magnificat and collect. When the people have arrived they sing a German psalm ("...solle das auch ein deutschen Psalmen fürsingen"), then the Pastor or Prediger reads a lesson on Holy Communion from the Gospels or an epistle of Paul. Then an exhortation is read to the communicants, with a Gemeine Beicht. Where there are clerics and scholars they sing an Introit from the Scripture in Latin. Then the Kyrie and Gloria. The Pastor should see to it that the people learn to sing the Kyrie and Gloria in German as well. Then the Collect in German is said or sung. Then the Epistle in German, then (where there are clerics) an Alleluia, Gradual or pure Sequence is sung in Latin. Then the Gospel in German, then the sermon and prayer for all sorts and conditions. (p. 42) Then the communicants assemble at the altar. Then "Der Herr sey mit euch," the people responding "Vnd mit deinem Geist." "Erheben euwer hertzen." "Wir erheben die zum Herren." "Last vns dancksagen dem Herren vnserem Gott." "Das ist recht vnd billich." Then the Preface (a common preface in German) and Sanctus (where there are clerics, they sing it in Latin and the people sing it in German, "eins vmb das ander, jedes drei mal, Als so die Clericken singen, Sanctus, das volck singe Heilig, aber das folgend, Dominus deus sebaoth. vnd das Benedictus, sol in teutsch von der gantzen gemein gesungen werden, vff diese weiá, Sanctus, heilig, Sanctus, heilig, Sanctus, heilig ist der Herr sebaoth, himel vnd erden ist vol deiner gute vnd herligkeit, Osanna, hilff O Herr, der du bist in der hohe, Gelobet sei, der da kompt jm namen des Herren, hilff Herr, der du bist in der hohe.") Then the Priester sings the Words of Holy Communion, and the people respond "Amen." (p. 43) When the people have spoken ("gesprochen") the word "Amen," the priest continues to sing "Vnser Vatter in dem Himel &c.," after which the people sing "Amen." Then "Der fried des Herrn, sei alwege, mit euch," the people responding "Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then the distribution, the men first, then the women. During this the Agnus Dei is sung in Latin and German "eins vmbs ander singen, wa man Clericken hat," and also the German "Got sei gelobet" and "Jesus Christus vnser Heilandt," for as long as needed. After the communion the Priester sings "Der Herr sei mit euch," the people responding "Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then "Last vns betten," followed by the Thanksgiving collect from Luther's Deutsche Messe. Then the Benediction. Where there are no clerics, as in villages, everything is to be sung and read in German, and the singing shortened so as to be most edifying to the people. (p. 44)
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (with Stephen and John), Circumcision, Epiphany, Conversion of Paul, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 [{sic}] days), Nativity of John the Baptist, Peter and Paul, Visitation, Michaelis. Apostles' days are observed only through the service, after which the people may return to work. (p. 49)
On holy days [including Sundays, I assume] where there are scholars and more than one Kirchendiener an early sermon on the catechism is to be held for the sake of the servants, with German psalms sung before and after the sermon. Where there are many clerics Matins may be sung; if lay members ("Volck") also attend, a lesson shall be read and an exhortation given to common prayer. Where there are scholars, they assemble in the church immediately before the Ampt and sing three psalms and the Te Deum and Benedictus in Latin, with a pure antiphon and responsory.
Likewise at Vesper time, before the people assemble, except that a pure Hymnus and the Magnificat are sung in place of the Te Deum and Benedictus. (p. 50) When the people have assembled a German psalm or two is sung, then the Magnificat. Then the catechism instruction, then a lesson from Scripture is read, a common prayer is held, and the people are dismissed with a Lobgesang and Blessing. Where it is the custom to sing a Lobgesang in the evening the "Christo vnserem Herren" is to be sung in German with a common prayer in place of the "Salue Regina" and other similar Gesenge.
Weekdays: in cities with enough people and Kirchendiener, at least two assemblies are held in the church daily, morning and evening, with a lesson and a brief explication, with German psalms before and after, and a common prayer. In the leading cities two assemblies are held in the morning, one very early for the working people. These services should in their entirety last not longer than an hour, and the very early service is shorter yet. Private masses are not sanctioned. In villages the pastors should hold one or two assemblies per week in winter and three in summer, with a lesson from Scripture and a common prayer.
Special days of prayer: held regularly once a month on Wednesday or Friday, and the entire congregation should attend, as on a holy day. Penitential lessons are read, then an exhortation to prayer, pardon for sins and grace, then the German Litany is sung. After the people have prayer for their own concerns the Pastor closes the common prayer with a collect. ("Darauff soll man die Teutsche Letaney singen, wie hernaher folget. Vnd nachdem auch das volck bey jm selb sein gebeth gethan, soll der Pastor das gemeine gebeth mit einer Collect beschliessenn, wie die nach der Letaney folgen.") (Does this mean that the people prayed their own petitions during the service?) In addition to this one day a month, the Litany is to be sung in cities and large communities once a week. (p. 51)
Kurland 1572 (Rostock, 1572) s [3/7/95] - official
Kirchenordnung, wie es mit der lehre göttliches worts, austheilung der heiligen hochwirdigen sacrament, christlichen ceremonien, ordentlicher ubung des waren gottesdiensts, in den kirchen des herzogthums Churland und Semigallien in Liefland, sol stetes vermittelst göttlicher hülf gehalten werden. Anno salutis 1570. Cited in Graff 1:64. First appeared in 1570. Graff: the Kurland orders follow mainly the Prussian KO, but also the Wittenberg (Mecklenburg) KO. REPRINT: Sehling 5:66–110.
Notes from Sehling. Saturday Vespers: first an antiphon or the psalm "Nun bitten wir." Then intoned, and by the entire school (if there is one) sung, is Ps. 110 (Dixit dominus domino meo; Der Herr sprach zu meinem herrn), Ps. 4 (Cum invocarem; Erhöre mich, wenn ich rufe), Ps. 113 (Laudate pueri; Lobet ihr knechte), and Ps. 121 (Levavi oculos; Ich hebe meine augen auf zu den bergen), also one or two others in German or not [i.e., in Polish?] may be sung if desired. Then a responsory d.t. or another chosen by the schoolmaster is sung. If there is no school, another psalm is sung in place of the responsory. Then a brief exhortation by the Pfarherr on confession and on the sacrament. Then the hymn d.t., as in the Riga KO. Then the Magnificat, Collect, and the children and congregation sing the Benedicamus. This order should be followed as much as possible, but at minimum the bells should be rung at Vesper time. (p. 83) The use of organ and music (musica) is arranged by the cantor. (p. 84)
Sunday Matins: done according to the Riga KO: only the two Wachskerzen are used on the altar and a third light on the pulpit, as in all the churches in the land. Begins with the antiphon "Veni sancte spiritus" in Latin or German ("Nun bitten wir"; "Komm heiliger Geist, herre gott"). Then several octonarien from Ps. 119; or the Ps. 1–3 intoned and sung in German. Then the lessons from the Old and New Testaments. Then the Te Deum in German, as in the Riga KO or the version of Luther ("Herr Gott, dich loben wir"). In smaller country churches that cannot maintain this order, at least the following should be done: antiphon, a psalm and the Te Deum in German or otherwise, a lesson or brief reading from the catechism, and then something else sung. In places where Sunday Vespers is not sung, "Kom gott, schöpfer, heiliger geist" or another hymn d.t. may replace the "Kom heiliger Geist"; for example, on Christmas "O admirabile commercium," "Die fasten uber media vita," also the responsory d.t. for the Te Deum, etc.
Mass: on Sundays and festivals begun with a Latin Introit d.t. or occasionally with a German psalm. Then the Kyrie if desired and Gloria in excelsis. (p. 87) Then the Et in terra in Latin or German, or the Allein gott. Then "Der herr sei mit euch," the choir and entire congregation answering. Then the Collect and Epistle. In country churches where the simple people may not get anything out of the Epistle the Pfarrherr may read a section of the catechism instead. Then the Sequence pro tempore with alleluia, or on ordinary Sundays a psalm, or occasionally the Litany, or for the sake of time the shorter litany "Nim von uns, lieber herr." Then turning again to the people, "Der herr sei mit euch," etc. Then the Gospel, then the Patrem in Latin or the Glaube "Ich gleub an gott vater allmechtigen" or "Wir gleuben."
The Predigt begins with an exhortation to prayer. Then the Prediger and entire congregation pray the Vater Unser silently ("in geheim"). In the non-German sermons the chief parts of the catechism are read, "und neben dem gebete den zuhörern docendi gratia für und nach der gratia für und nach der predigte fürgesprochen." On festivals hymns are chanted according to ancient custom: Gelobet seistu, Jesu Christ; Ein kindelein, so löbelich; Herr nu lestu deinen diener; Christ ist erstanden; Christ fur zu himmel; Nu bitten wir den heiligen Geist (on Pentecost and after for as long as desired); and on Trinity "Gott der vater wohne uns bei." Then the Gospel is clearly read and explained as briefly as possible, not taking more than an hour. After the conclusion of the sermon ("sermon") and Danksagung the Prediger once again exhorts to prayer for all sorts and conditions. Mornings on festivals and Sundays the sermon text is the Gospel, without exception. If there are no communicants, the people should be exhorted to commune more frequently, as in the Wittenberg KO (p. 88); then the Litany or another appropriate psalm is sung, then the Benediction.
The communion begins with the usual noted (sung) German Preface, since the Latin mass has been abolished in the churches of Riga and in the country. On the high feasts the Diener may use the following prefaces (notated in German), in which the versicles alternate between the Diener and the Chor. (p. 89) Then the consecration facing the people, when the sign is given with the little bell. Then the choir sings the Sanctus, Esaiae dem propheten. Then the Vater Unser to the usual tone. Then the Agnus Dei or "O lam gottes unschüldig." Then the "evangelische absolutio, benedictio et pacis annunciatio." Then the Priester communes, and everything else follows as in the Riga order. After the sacrament is administered the priest should not lick the chalice clean in the papistic manner, but should rinse it out with wine and let the last communicants drink what is left.
Sunday Vespers and afternoon sermon: rung at 1:30. An antiphon d.t. is sung first and normally "Nun bitten wir." Then is intoned Ps. 111 (Confitebor tibi domine, Ich danke dem Herrn von ganzem herzen), Ps. 112 (Beatus vir, Wol dem, der den herrn fürchtet), Isaiah 12 (Confitebor tibi domini, Ich danke dir herr, das du sehr zörnig), Ps. 114 (In exitu Israel, Do Israel aus Egypten). "Unter diesen psalmen" one may sing whatever and however long one wants. Occasionally, and especially on high feasts, the responsory is sung. Then the hymn, as in the Riga KO. Then the Magnificat "cuiuscunque toni." The the Deacon closes with a collect. Then the sermon on the catechism or the Epistle, which is not to last over an hour. Then a German psalm is sung, which closes the service. (p. 90) The non-Germans should learn especially to sing the catechism hymns: Dis sind die heiligen zehen gebot; Wir gleuben all einen gott [{sic}]; Vater unser im himmelreich; Christ, unser herr, zum Jordan kam; Jesus Christus unser heiland, Gott sei gelobet; and the Gloria Allein gott in der höhe.
Making the sign of the cross is highly commended: "Derhalben sol in den heusern wöchentlich durchaus gottes wort gelesen, gehöret und verhandlet werden, die gebet und lobpsalm fleissig gesungen, der catechismus ernstlich getrieben, und jedermann, sonderlich die jungen kinder, zum morgen und abentsegen gehalten werden, und dasselbig ohne verachtung des heiligen creuzes zeichens, welche ohne jenige superstition seind signa fidei, religionis et confessionis nostrae, der christen pannier und veldzeichen. Und derwegen in vitis patrum wird das zeichen des heiligen creuzes zum oftermal scutum fidei genennet, und inexpugnabilis murus credentium. Als denn der heremita Antonius ganz trotzlich wider den satan redet: Signum enim crucis et fides ad dominum inexpugnabilis nobis murus est."
Weekday sermons and communion: held on Wednesdays and Fridays, one day in German, the other not in German, with the sermon on the catechism. In the German service two lessons are read, one from the Old Testament and one from the New. In the non-German service only the catechism is used. If there are communicants, the entire communion order may be used, or one may sing simply the first two verses of "Gott sei gelobet," followed by the consecration, then the communion (during which "Gott sei gelobet" is sung). If there are no communicants a psalm is sung after the sermon. On Friday the Litany is sung, which two or three boys intone in front of the altar, and the scholars with the congregation respond. If the boys are not available, the Prediger begins it, then sings it through with the congregation. He then closes with a collect. (p. 91) On occasion the paraphrase of the Litany may be sung in the tone of the Vater Unser: "Gott vater in dem himelreich, Gott sohn, gott heiliger geist zugleich." In the country churches the Litany is sung either every Sunday or every other Sunday.
It would also be good if Christians fasted voluntarily especially during the Bettage. (p. 92)
Liegnitz And Brieg 1592 s [3/18/95] - official
[Untitled]. Cited in Graff 1:26. Manuscript. Graff: closely dependent on the Wittenberg KO. REPRINT: Sehling 3:444–48.
Notes from Sehling.
Holy days: the three Marian festivals (Annunciation, Visitation and Purification), also John the Baptist and Michaelis, are to be whole-day feasts. Apostles' days are observed with a single early sermon.
On high feasts early Matins begins with the "Venite exultemus domino" with two psalms with the responsory, the organist playing; then the versicle, followed by another piece on the organ; then the sermon, at the end of which the Capelan begins a brief German hymn familiar to the people (this he does every Sunday, not just on high feasts). When the evening [!] sermon is rung the organist begins the Te Deum, and the cantor answers with the scholars responsively. Then the Dominus vobiscum and a collect d.t., closing with the Benedicamus. Then the Officium with Introit, Kyrie, Gloria and Et in terra, Collect, Epistle in Latin, Alleluja and Prosa "hiernach von der cantorei," Gospel in Latin (in small villages in German), Nicene Creed "Credo in unum Deum," with the chorus responding with the Patrem, then "Wir glauben," then sermon, begun with a Gesang d.f., then Latin Preface, Vater Unser and Verba Coenae; during the communion the Cantorei from the school sings figurally something appropriate. In cities high feasts last three entire days, but in the villages only 2–1/2.
Vespers on high feasts: Christmas is begun with the "Verbum Caro factum est," to which the choir responds with "Et habitavit," then a psalm responsory and Hymnus, then the sermon, then the Magnificat "Resonet in Laudibus," closing with the Benedicamus. Easter is begun with the Kyrie Paschale (p. 445), then "in exitu: Israel de Eqypto etc." before the sermon and the Magnificat after it. Pentecost is begun with a psalm, responsory and Hymnus, then the sermon, then the Magnificat. Ordinary Sundays: one Sunday the cantor does figural music, the next Sunday choraliter, after the Epistle a German Gesang from Luther's hymnal, after the Gospel the Nicene or Athanasian Creed, one Sunday in Latin, the next Sunday the Athanasian Creed in German from the Triller Gesangbuch. The Predigt begins with a Gesang related to the sermon and with a Vater Unser. After the sermon the cantor sings a good German Gesang related to the sermon, during which the communicants proceed to the altar. In cities the Pfarr or Caplan one Sunday sings the Latin Preface, to which the Cantor and boys answer, the next Sunday he reads the Commonefaction in German, then Vater Unser and Verba Coenae. During the communion (except when there is figural music) the communion hymns of Luther are sung: "Jesus Christ," "Gott sei gelobet," "Esaiae dem propheten." Then the Benediction, then the Cantor sings "Verleih und frieden." Then the Collect for a graceful peace. But on high feasts whatever belongs to the feast is done.
Vespers on ordinary Sundays: begun with a Latin psalm and hymn, then the German Te Deum according to Luther, then the Preacher goes to the pulpit, and after the sermon the Magnificat, then "Herr, nun lässestu deinen diener," then a collect and the Benedicamus. Every other Sunday a psalm and Hymnus are figured, and after the sermon the Magnificat, closing with a collect and Benedicamus. During the sermon (as during Amt and Vesper) beer and wine may not be sold, dances may not be held and walks ("spaziergänge") may not be taken.
Catechism sermon: held as often as needed in the cities, every Sunday at Vespers in the villages.
Weekly sermon: begun and ended with a German Gesang, then a collect and prayer "Gib unsern fürsten" or "Si Deus pro nobis" sung. (p. 446)
Liegnitz And Brieg 1535 s [3/18/95] - official
Vergleichung des ausschusses und folgend aller diener des hl. evangelii dero Liegnitz- und Brigischen fürstentümer und derselben zugethanen weichbilder ob der spaltigen leher und brauch der hochwürdigen sacramente Aº 1535. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 3:436–39.
Notes from Sehling. Liegnitz and Brieg are in Schlesien.
Form of communion: Introit, Kyrie and Et in terra, German prayer d.t., Epistle in German, Gradual followed by Ten Commandments or Halleluja with Sequence, Gospel in German, Gesang "Komm heiliger Geist," sermon, Vater Unser, 1 Cor. 11 or John 6 may be read (on the communion), Glaube is sung, exhortation to confession and the sacrament, Preface (including Verba), Sanctus, Discubuit or Homo quidam fecit, communion distribution, "Gott sei gelobet," Thanksgiving, "Es woll uns gott gnädig sein" or another hymn. (p. 439)
Lindau 1573 s [11/13/95] - official
Agenda, Das ist, Ordnunge wie es mit den Ceremonien vnnd anderm, in der Pfarrkirchen zu Lindaw am Bodensee gehalten wird. 1573. Cited in Graff 1:55. Graff: influenced by Straáburg, Nürnberg, Wittenberg, and especially Württemberg. REPRINT: Richter 2:353, Sehling 12:203–17.
Notes from Sehling.
Communion: after the sermon the exhortation is read from the pulpit (follows) (p. 207). It contains a confession and absolution. Then the Kirchendiener reads from the altar an exhortation to prayer (follows) (p. 209) It contains Luther's paraphrase of the Vater Unser. Then the Kirchendiener turns to the altar and says aloud the Words of Institution. During the communion the organ plays and the scholars sing appropriate German psalms [footnote: the manuscript version has the choir singing "Gott sei gelobet" or "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland"]. Then the Thanksgiving is said from the pulpit. (p. 210)
Several prayers are given on the following pages.
Lindau 1784 (Lindau, 1784) - official
[Sembeck, Johann Gottlob Lorenz]. Neue Liturgie. Zum Gebrauch evangelischer Gemeinden besonders der Reichsstadt Lindau. Cited in Graff 2:18. Graff: Sembeck wrote a number of the prayers himself, was also dependent on Seiler for ordination, marriage, benediction, prayers, etc.; criticised because it contained so much old and dogmatic, such as the mention of the devil in baptism and the word "Rechtfertigung" in confession; Pratje (Lit. Arch. III, p. 238) wrote that this agenda clearly shows that the time has not yet come for a new agenda.
Neue | Liturgie. | [short double rule] | Zum Gebrauch evangeliôcher Gemeinden | beôonders | der Reichsôtadt Lindau. | [short rule] | [engraving, 68 @ 61 mm., of an altar; a book on top contains the words `Glaube, Hoffnung Liebe, werden bleiben. Paulus."] | [rule] | Lindau/ | verlegt von Carl Gottwalt Benjamin Fritzôch/ Buchhändler. | 1784.
%Size: 141 @ 88 mm. ():( 3^a) %Collation: 8º: ):(^6
%Preface: `Geschrieben Lindau den 26. Merz, 1784. M. Johann Gottlob Lorenz Sembeck. Frühprediger u. Consistorialis."
Very much a rationalistic book. Not enough time to complete the bibliography for this book.
Lippe [before 1533?] s [2/24/96] - official?
De dudesche misse. Manuscript. Used at: ILL: EYM (ILL code). REPRINT: Irmlind Capelle, "Eine bislang unbekannte niederdeutsche Messe," {Lippische Mitteilungen aus Geschichte und Landeskunde} 56 (1987): 153–98.
%Music: "Kum heylyge geist erfulle," Introit for Trinity, Kyrie, Gloria, Alleluia, "De heil de ys vns kamen," Credo incipit, Preface, Sanctus, Verba, Vater Unser, Agnus Dei, Benedicamus (all in German)
Capelle reprints the music as well as the text. Notes from Capelle.
Order for mass: priest reads the Confiteor (which is written, together with the "Absolutio," which is not a true absolution); while the priest reads the Confiteor the choir sings the Introit. (p. 155) Then the Introit: "Vth deper nodt schrye ik tho dy" or another psalm. At times the choir or people sing the antiphon "Veni sancte spiritus, Kum hillige geist" in place of ("vor") the Introit, and after the Introit [music to "Kum heylyge geist erfulle" is given]. (p. 156) Then the Collect. Then is sung [again?!] the Introit "Vth deper noth" or another psalm. [The music for the "Introitus" "Gebenedyet sy de hylge dreyualdicheit" is given.] (p. 157) Then the threefold Kyrie, then the Gloria "Prys sy Godt" (p. 159). Or at times the following Gloria is sung (words given to "Allene Gade in der hoge sy ere"). (p. 161) Then "Der here sy myt Iw," "Vnde myt dynem geiste" and the Collect. (p. 162) Then the Epistle. At times a chapter from an epistle is read facing the people. Then the Alleluia ("Ghebenedyet bystu here"). (p. 163) At times "Dat heyl de ys vns ghekamen" or another German Ledt is sung in place of the Alleluia (music given). (p. 164) Then the Gospel is read. At times a chapter from a Gospel may be read according to the time. Then the Credo "Wylouen all an eynen Godt." (p. 165) First "Ick gheloue yn eynen Godt" is sung, then "Wy ghelouen all yn eynen Godt." Then the Offertory, in place of which a "geistlick leidt, dat yn eyn psalme" is sung. Then the Preface (p. 166) (the entire notation is given). Then the Sanctus in German (p. 170). Then the Verba (p. 171) and Pater Noster (p. 174) in German. After the Amen comes "Dat ghesche dorch vnsen herren Jhesum Christum dynen sön welker myt dy, vnd dem hyllighen geiste eyn waer Godt leuet vnd herschet yn ewicheit Amen Durch alle ewicheit der ewicheit Amen De fryde des heren sy altydt my Iwe Vnd my dynem geiste." Then the Agnus Dei in German (to Gregorian chant, not "Christe, du Lamm Gottes"). (p. 177) In place of the Communion is sung a psalm or Geistlick Lauesanck. Afterwards the salutation and collect, then the Benedicamus and Benediction. (p. 178) The mass is followed by an order for confession: "Eyne christlike wise tho bichtende." (p. 179–80)
Lippe 1539 s [12/5/95] - official
Ambsterdam, Johann and Hadrian Buxschoten. Ghestalthe Artickel Reformation der kirchen Jn der Graveschup Lyppe &c. dorch de Vorordenten der Landtschup avergegeven Anno 1538. Nu myt flythe revisert und bewaghen tho Wyttenberg dorch Justum Jonas: Martinum Luther: Johanen Bugenhagen: und Philippum Melanchton: als ohre eghen handt under gheschreven vormeldet Jm Jare 1539. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 2:489–503.
Notes from Richter.
According to the title, this order was originally published in 1538 and revised in 1539 by Jonas, Luther, Bugenhagen and Melanchthon. The comments of the Wittenbergers are in part given in footnotes (there are only five footnotes).
Mass: Introit de tempore, for Trinity, or for the Holy Spirit; Kyrie; Gloria; Collect; Epistle; Gradual; Sequence for Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Pentecost, for Trinity or for the Holy Spirit ("Sequentias, Nativitate domini, Epiphanie, Pasche, Penthechoste, de trinitate et scto. spiritu); Gospel d.t.; Creed and other Gesenge in accordance with Scripture. Songs and collects to the saints and the Canon are not done. Private masses are no longer allowed. On the common festivals a mass is to be held if there are communicants, as previously, according to the old Canon, with the announcement of the death of Christ and the distribution of his body and blood, but without water being mixed with the wine. ("...wo in vortiden gebruicklich gewest, nha lude der oulden Canonen myt vorkundunge des dhodes Christi, und uthdeilungs des lives und blodes Christi, myt itlichen korten Ceremonien ahne water in den kellck...")
In cities and towns sermons are to be held Wednesdays and Fridays. Vespers is sung on Saturdays and holy day eves, and in the morning Matins is sung with three lessons (the first from Exodus 20 or from the Old Testament, the second the Epistle for the day, and the third the Gospel), with the Te Deum so that the congregation may be edified ("...de dridde dat Evangelion dair nha Te deum laudamus, up dat de gemeine goddes moge gebettert werden..."). On Sundays and holy days at Vespers one or two psalms are sung, with the Magnificat and Collect d.t. and several German hymns of praise ("lovesengenn"). (p. 494) The catechism is to be explained every Sunday and holy day. In the cities the youth are to be examined in the catechism once a week during the catechism sermon. (p. 499)
Lippe 1614 (Stadthagen, 1614) s [2/17/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung Unser Von Gottes gnade[n] Ernsts Graffen zu Holstein, Schaue[n]burg und Sternburg... Cited in Graff 1:47. Graff: modeled after Mecklenburg 1552. Classifies this as `Schaumburg-Lippe."
[Engraved, with ornamented text within a compartment] Kirchen Ordnung | Vnôer Von | Gottes gnade~ Ernôts | Graffen zu Holôtein Schcare~= | burg, rud Sternberg Hernn zu | Gehmen Wie es mit lehr vnd Ce= | remonien in vnôern Graffôchafften | vnd Landen Hinf#ühro mitt Gott= | licher Hilff gehalten wer= | den soll[*punctuation—see drawing in Notenheft] | 1. Corinth. 14 | Laôôet alles in der gemeinde | ehrlich vnd ordentlich zugehen. | [within bottom of compartment] Gedruckt zu Stadthagen | Jm Jahr 1614. || [{stet:} Schcare~= | burg, rud Sternberg Hernn]
%Size: 120 @ 96 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2L^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 146 leaves: pp. {1–3} 4–270 [{2}] %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–A3^b preface, A4^a–2L3^b text, 2L4^a–2L4^b blank %Fingerprint: 1614 04 - b1 A2 Evang : b2 2L3 /$auc %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none
The doctrinal sources are the 3 symbols, the catechism of Luther, the Augsburg Confession with its Apology and the Smalcald articles (p. 9).
Part 3 (p. 184–248): "Von Ordnung der Ceremonien, Lection, Fest- Feyer- Werck- vnd Bettagen." p. 194ff. - collects pro tempore to be read in the communion service before the Epistle. p. 228ff. - order for communion: when the morning Predigt has ended, those desiring to commune go to the altar, the men in one place and the women in another. Then the Pastor ("Pastor") sings or speaks the Vater Unser, then the Words of Institution. Then comes the distribution. (p. 230) After the communion comes the collect "WJr dancken dir Allmechtiger HERR Gott..." (p. 230) and the Benediction (p. 231).
The section title notwithstanding, there is no further instruction for the services. Lippe, Spiegelberg, Pormone 1571 (Lemgo, 1571)
Kirchen ordnung, Wie es mit der Reinen Lehre Göttliches Worts, Vnd Ausstheilung der Hochwirdigen Sacrament, Auch allerley Christlichen Ceremonien vnd zum Heiligen Predigampt notwendigen Sachen in den Grafschafften Lippe, Spiegelberg vnd Pyrmont soll eindrechtiglich gehalten werden. Cited in Graff 1:48. Graff classifies this as Lippe-Detmold. Follows Württemberg, Mecklenburg and the Kalenberg KO of 1569.
Richter summarizes the order but doesn't give enough details for the summary to be all that useful.
Lohr 1588 s [11/3/95] - official
[Untitled Vesper order]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:699.
Notes from Sehling.
Vespers held in summer at 3:00 and in winter somewhat earlier. Vigils or First Vespers (the terms are used) is held (so that the youth may receive practice in the psalms and chants used in all the churches) with Latin psalms, responsories, hymns, Magnificat, collects, versicles, Benedicamus, etc. according to the order of Lossius; the Latin psalms shall be explained in the school so that the scholars will understand them.
In Second Vespers one Latin and one German psalm is sung on account of the young and common people assembled for Kinderlehr, then a brief sermon on the catechism (as arranged by Veit Dietrich) [footnote: this doesn't exist! Probably meant are the catechism sermons from the 1533 Brandenburg-Nürnberg order—see pp. 206–79], then the catechism is recited by the scholars and the youth examined by the pastors. Then the Magnificat is sung with the Betgesang and Verlei uns fride, with a versicle and Benedicamus, as previously, closing with a collect d.t. and Blessing. (p. 699)
London 1565 (Heidelberg, 1565) s [8/6/93] - Reformed
Lasco, Johann von; rev. Martin Micron. Kirchenordnung, wie die unter dem christlichen König auá Engelland Edward dem VI. in... London in der niderlendischen Gemeine... geordnet... worden... durch... Johann von Lasco... in lateinischer Sprach weitleufftiger beschrieben, aber duch Martinum Mieronium in eine kurtze Sum[m] verf. und jezund verdeutschet. French ed. of 1556 (BerlinPS: Dr 12015); Italian ed. undated (BerlinPS: Dr 12020); Dutch ed. of 1563 (BerlinPS: Dr 12025); history of the church (Herborn 1608) (Berlin: see reference).
Kircheno#rdnung/ Wie die | vnter dem | Ch#riôtlichen | König auá Engelland/ | Edward dem {VI.} in der Statt | Londen/ in der Niderlendiôchen Ge= | meine Chriôti/ Durch Kön. Maieôt. man= | dat geordnet vnd gehalten worden/ mit | der Kirchendiener vnd Elteôten | bewilligung/ | Durch | Her#rn Johann von Laô= | co/ Freiher#ren in Polen/ Su= | perintendenten derôelbigen Kirchen | in Engelland in Lateiniôcher ôp#rach weit= | leufftiger beôchrieben/ Aber durch Mar= | tinum Micronium in eine kurtze Sum~ | verfaôôet/ Vnd jetzund | verdeutôchet. | Ged#ruckt in der Churf#ürôtlichen | Statt Heidelberg/ Durch Jo= | hannem Mayer. | 1565.
%Size: 115 @ 62 mm. (a3^a) %Collation: 8º: a^8 b^4, A–Q^8 R^4; $1–5 signed (–a1 b4 H3 R3–4) %Pagination: 144 leaves: ff. [{12}] 1–132 (misnumbering 69 as 59)
%Fingerprint: 1565 08 - a1 a2 u$he : a2 b3 rley$ge - b1 A e$ : b2 R2 rren$ %Preface: `EDWard der VI. durch GOttes gnade König in Engelland, Franckreich vnd Jrland" ... `Zu Leighes den 24. Junij, im vierdten Jhar vnsers Reichs." || [Translator's preface:] `Martinus Micronius" ... `anno 1554." %Music: none
This looks very much like a Reformed order, but there is no explicit subscription to any Reformed confession. The distribution formula is: "Nemet, esset, gedencket, vnd glaubet, daá der leib vnsers HErren Jesu Christi in den Tod, am stam[m]en des Creutzes gegeben sey, zur vergebung aller vnser sünden" (f. K3^a); that is, nicely ambiguous. The Ten Commandments use the Reformed numbering.
I am not taking further notes on this order unless there is evidence it was used by Lutherans.
I looked at this order again in Sehling in November 1995 and decided it is definitely Reformed.
London 1694 s- - parish
[für die Savoy-Kirche].
This is another copy of the 1718 order.
London 1718 (1718) s [8/6/93] - parish
Kirchen-Ordnung, der Christlichen und der ungeänderten Augspurgischen Confession Zugethanen Gemeinde in London.
K\irchen= | O\rdnung/ | Der Chriôtlichen und der ungeänderten | Augôpurgiôchen {Confeôôion} | Zugethanen | Gemeinde in {LÚONDON¿,} | Welche/ | Durch Göttliche Verleyhung/ | Jm 1694. Jahre/ | Am 19. Sonntage nach dem Feôt der Heiligen | Dreyfaltigkeit/ | {Solenniter} eingeweyhet und eingeôegnet | worden/ | Jn {St. Mary'^s Savoy.} | [rule] | {Ep. 1. Cor. 14. v. 33. 40.} | GOtt iôt nicht ein GOtt der Unordnung/ ôondern des | Friedens/ wie in allen Gemeinen der Heiligen. | Laôôet es alles ehrlich und ordentlich zugehen. | {Rom. 15. v. 33.} | Der GOtt des Friedens ôey mit euch allen! Amen. | [ornamented rule] | Gedruckt im Jahr 1718.
%Size: 135 @ 78 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 8º: A–G^8; $1–5 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 56 leaves: pp. {1–5} 6–48 {49} 50–112
%Fingerprint: 1718 08 - b1 A2 nd$ : b2 G5 en/$ %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none
Duties of the Küster: open and close the church for all services; choose the hymns after the pastor has informed him of what sort of hymns will match the text for the day, and announce the hymns to the congregation before singing so that they can look them up, keep a register of those baptised and married, deliver to the pastor after the sermon a list of those to be prayed for, report problems in the lives of the congregation's members to the Vorstand; he is paid by the Vorstand. (p. 39–40)
Sunday morning the congregation assembles at 10:00. The service begins with the reading by the Cüster of one (or if short, two) chapters from the Old Testament. Then he announces the hymns for the day. After a brief prelude on the organ (p. 49), a hymn of praise is sung, followed by the Glaube or a hymnus d.t., then the Prediger reads the Epistle, then "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" is sung, then the sermon, then a hymn related to the sermon is sung, then a Collect is read from the altar, then the Blessing, then a few verses from a hymn of praise. If there is communion, instead of the hymn after the sermon a penitential hymn is sung, such as "Allein zu dir HErr JEsu Christ," followed by the Communion, a brief Thanksgiving collect and the Blessing. The form, therefore, for the Sunday morning service for the 12th Sunday after Trinity is this (p. 50): " Custod. legit v. 9. Genes. 22. Hymn. Gepreiset seystu JEsu Christ. HErr, ich bekenne mit dem Mund. Epist. 2. Cor. 3. v. 4 sq. Liebster JEsu, wir sind hier. Nach der Predigt. O! Vater der Barmhertzigkeit. Nach vorgelesener Collecta und ausgesprochenen Segens, Wunsch zum Schluá. Sey Lob und Ehr mit hohem Preiá. Wäre aber an solchem Sonntage Communion zu halten, so singet man, Nach der Predigt. Allein zu dir HErr JEsu Christ. Und unter der Communion. Du Lebens-Brodt HErr JEsu Christ. Gott sey gelobet und gebenedeyet. Nach vorgesener Collecta und ausgesprochenen Segens-Worten zum Beschluá, entweder was aus vorgehendem Gesange übrig blieben, oder ein paar Verse aus einem andern Gesange."
Sunday afternoons the congregation assembles at 3:00. The Custos reads one (or two, if short) chapters from the New Testament (p. 51). Then he announces the hymns. After the organ preludes briefly, a hymn of praise is sung, then a Psalm is read before the altar or catechism instruction is held, then "HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" is sung, the sermon is preached, a hymn is sung related to the sermon, the Collect is read before the altar, the Blessing is spoken, "Nun GOtt Lob es ist vollbracht" is sung. So for the 12th Sunday after Trinity the order is as follows: "Custos legit v. 9. 2. Cor. 5. Hymn. Nun last uns GOtt dem HErren, &c. Leg. Psalm 32. oder Catechism Lehre. HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns &c. Dann wird gepredigt, hernach gesungen: Wir Menschen sind zu dem O! Gott. Dann lieset man die Collecta, und spricht den Segens-Wunsch über die Gemeine vor dem Altar, und singet zum Beschluá: Nun GOtt Lob es ist vollbracht." (p. 52)
Holy days: On Christmas, Easter and Pentecost the usual communion service is held, except that in place of "Liebster Jesu" and "HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" the customary festival hymns are sung. On the second festival day there is only a morning service, done as on Sunday. For the other festivals, namely New Year, Epiphany and Ascension the service is as on Sunday without communion, except that there is no afternoon service. Apostles' days and other days have their readings moved to the closest Sunday morning or afternoon. (p. 53) Other days observed are: January 30 (the beheading of King Charles), September 2 (anniversary of the London fire in 1666) and November 5 (anniversary of the failed coup when the papists tried to take over Parliament). Also Lenten services held Thursday mornings. (p. 54)
Löwenstein 1756 (Wertheim, 1756) s [8/6/93] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung und Agenda für die Hochfürstl. Löwenstein-Wertheimische Kirchen Augspurg. Confession.
K\irchen=Ord= | nung | und | {AGENDA} | für die | H\ochfürôtl. L\öwenôtein=W\ert= | heimiôche K\irchen A\ugôpurgiôcher | {Confeôôion.} | [rule] | Wertheim/ | gedruckt bey Johann Georg Rehr/ gemeinôchaftlichen | Hof= und Canzley=Buchdruckern. | {A. C. 1756.} %Size: 152 @ 115 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: ã1, A–L^4 M^2; $1–3 signed (–M2) %Pagination: 47 leaves: pp. [{2}] 1–90 [{2}] %Fingerprint: 1756 04 - b1 A o : b2 M kei %Preface: none %Music: none
Festivals: (1) whole days: Sundays, Christmas, St. Stephen, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Good Friday, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Friedens-Fest (June 16), Visitation, Michaelis; (2) half days: third Christmas day, Maundy Thursday, Easter Tuesday, Pentecost Tuesday (p. 2), apostles' days: Matthias (Feb. 24), Philip and James (May 1), John the Baptist (June 24), Peter and Paul (June 29), James (July 25), Bartholomew (August 24), Matthew (September 16), Simon and Jude (October 28), Andrew (November 30), Thomas (December 21).
Services: there is a morning sermon on Wednesdays or Fridays during Lent, even when there is another sermon during the week because of a festival. The first Wednesday or Friday of each month is a Buá- und Bet-Tag; in the morning is a sermon (if there is not a festival on that day already). Prayer services are held each Tuesday and Friday. (p. 3) The sermons are held from Easter to Michaelis at 8:00 and from Michaelis to Easter at 9:00. In the afternoon the church meetings are held at 1:00 from Easter to Michaelis and at 2:00 from Michaelis to Easter. The regular prayer services are held at 11:00 to 12:00 (or 12:00 to 1:00). There are two services on Sundays with sermon or catechism. Catechism instruction is held from Easter to Michaelis on all Sundays on which there is no communion (otherwise the morning service goes too long) in the villages. (p. 4)
Abendmahl is held every two or four weeks, according to the needs of the congregation. (p. 10) Confession is held the day before (p. 11). [The general absolution includes a powerful condemnation (p. 32–33)] In this service the day before communion the Pfarrer first delivers an exhortation (p. 64–68), then the Vater Unser and Benediction. Then he may deliver another Erbauungs-Rede, and he reads the confession and gives the absolution (p. 68). At the communion he reads the exhortation and prayer (p. 68–71), then the Vater Unser, then the Words of Institution (toward the people) (p. 71). After communion is a Thanksgiving collect and Blessing (p. 72).
No complete order of service is given.
Lübeck 1531 ([Lübeck], 1531) s [3/10/95] - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Der keiserliken Stadt Lübeck christlike Ordeninge tho denste dem hilgen Evangelio. Christliker leve, tucht, frede unde enicheit vor de jöget in einer guden Scholen tho lerene. Unde de Kerken denere und rechten armen Christlick tho vorsorgende. Dorch Jo. Bugen. Pom. beschreven. 1531. Cited in Graff 1:46. Graff: after the Hamburg and Braunschweig orders.
Notes from Sehling.
Matins and Vespers are held every day with the scholars.
Matins: two youths in a special place in the choir begin an antiphon in Latin, then two other youths in another special place in the choir begin a psalm in the tone of the antiphon, which is concluded by the two choirs singing antiphonally verse by verse, ending with the Gloria Patri. Then an octonarius from the psalm "Beati qui sunt integri in via," with the Gloria Patri, then the antiphon. Then a boy reads a Latin lesson from the New Testament from the lectern ("pulmete"), ending as with a prophecy reading; that is, sol, sol, sol, la, sol, fa, fa. The scholars may not say "Jube domine" or "Tu autem domine" (p. 347), but rather they begin with the title and chapter of the book; e.g., "Lectio sancti evangelii secundum Mattheum, capite primo secundo etc. Lectio epistole beati Pauli Apostoli ad Romanos capite duodecimo etc. Lectio actorum apostolorum, capite quinto. Und in der avend lectien. Lectio libri geneseos capite primt. In principio creavit deus." The lesson is divided among three boys so that one boy does not have to read the entire thing. Then a fourth boy reads the same lesson in German, but without chanting. Then the Cantor sings alone the first half verse of the Benedictus to the tone of the antiphon that is sung after the Benedictus. The Benedictus is sung further as usual by both choirs. Then the boys kneel and sing "kyrie eleyson, Christi eleyson, kyrie eleyson, pater noster. De predicante. Et ne nos. Ostende nobis domine misericordiam tuam. Et salutare tuam da nobis. Dominus vobiscum." Then prayer with collect. "Dominus vobiscum" again. Then two boys sing the Benedicamus dominicale. The entire service lasts about a half hour. The cantor rehearses an hour per day with the pupils.
Vespers begins with the antiphon and psalms, although without the octonarius. The four readings (actually two) are from the Old Testament. Then the hymn of the day ("de köstelen hymnos feriales") is sung, or another hymn of Ambrose, Prudentius, etc. in agreement with Scripture. Then the Magnificat, then Kyrie eleyson etc. On holy day eves Vespers is as follows: psalm with antiphon, responsory d.f. with Gloria Patri, hymn d.t. and four lessons, as above. Then the Magnificat with antiphon and the Kyrie eleison with a collect. After the Benedicamus the Nunc Dimittis is sung on a single tone (?) with the Gloria Patri ("Na dem benedicamus schal me lesen nunc dimittis lanksam mit einem medio, doch sine tono up beiden choren de versch ummeschichte mit dem gloria patri"). Then is sung the hymn of the Lord Christ: "Jesu redemptor seculi, verbum patris altissimi" in equal notes with fermatas at phrase endings ("mit gelikem sange und mit einer langen noten edder pausen, wenn ein dimetrum ut is, welk ock fin were in andern hymnis to holdende"). On Saturdays after the lesson is sung the Latin Litany, and nothing after the Benedicamus.
On Sunday morning when the first sermon is over and a German hymn is sung the children are to be ready with their Geselle, and they recite in both choirs in Latin the catechism ("...und lesen latinisch up beiden choren, lanksam, sine tono, ummeschicht, den catechismum, mit desser wise. De geselle schal ersten mit lanksamen unde middelmateschen stemmen spreken.") (p. 348) [At this point the reader is referred to the Hamburg KO of 1529, p. 523 for the remainder of the text up through the Nicene Creed.]
Sundays and festivals: In the early service a Capellan preaches on the catechism, and at the beginning of the sermon the entire catechism is read to the people. And before and after the sermon the Predicante begins to sing a German psalm or the hymn on the Ten Commandments to the people. After the psalm is done the scholars begin Matins, as above.
Mass: the Gospel is the sermon text, after which announcements are made. At the end the Predicante says "Leven fründe, biddet godt dörch christum ock vlitich umme tidtlicken frede und singet mit andacht iuwes herten: Vorlig uns frede etc." When the bells have finished ringing ("Wen dat dremal ute is") the Prester reads a versicle and collect in German at the alter. Then he begins the Glaube or Credo.
In the afternoon the Epistle is the sermon text, except that on certain festivals the festival story may serve as text. The sermon shall not last more than an hour. At St. Egidien the Te Deum is sung in German by the entire church before 12:00, then follows the sermon on the Epistle. Then prayers, then antiphon in Latin and the entire Vesper, as above. Likewise at St. Jacob, but at 1:00. Similar instructions for St. Peter (p. 350) and St. Mary, except that the Te Deum is sung after the sermon. Saturday Vespers at St. Mary's: when the lessons are done the Superattendente begins a German psalm, then the sermon by the Superattendente (or the Capellan, if the former is not there). Then the schoolchildren sing the Latin Litany. Then the Latin Media vita is sung, then a Latin collect and Benedicamus dominicale. In the other churches the Litany is sung after the lessons, since there is no sermon. But if this is a festival eve, the Litany is not sung, but rather the Magnificat with an antiphon and collects in Latin, also whatever else is proper to the particular festival. After Vespers is confession.
Weekdays: sermons held Mondays and Saturdays in all parish churches on the gospels of Matthew and Luke. Before and after the sermon is sung a German psalm, and nothing thereafter. Once a week the catechism is preached on (Tuesday through Friday, at a different church each day). Before and after the sermon a German psalm is sung, and nothing thereafter. On a second day in the week, again switching churches, a sermon is held on one of the other two gospels. Before the sermon a German psalm is sung. Afterward the children sing the German Litany, then is sung "Midden wi im levende." Then the Prester reads a German versicle and collect, then the children sing the Benedicamus dominicale. On Thursdays a psalm or hymn is sung with the people after the sermon. (p. 351)
Special catechism sermons: the catechism is preached on four times a year in special services on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday: in the first two weeks of Advent, in Lent (first two weeks?), in Holy Week and the following weeks (but not Ascension), and for two weeks after the harvest. The service is at 7:00, except in Advent, when it is at 8:00. Before and after the sermon a psalm is sung with the people. Special instructions follow for Lent and Holy Week, but there is very little concerning the music. (p. 352)
The section "Van den organisten" is exactly as in the Hamburg KO and is not reprinted here (p. 357).
The section on holy days is not reprinted from the Hamburg KO, except for a few minor changes. Since 1531 Trinity Sunday is also observed as a day of thanksgiving; the only change to the service is that "Godt de vader wanne uns bi" is sung before the Halleluia and Sequence. (p. 358)
Lübeck 1531 (Lübeck, 1531) s- [3/11/95]
Ordeninge der lubischen buten der stadt in erem gebede. Cited in Graff 1:46. REPRINT: Sehling 5:379; {Kirchen-Ordnung für das Lübeckische Landgebiet... von 1531}, edited by H. Carstens (Lübeck, 1843) (BerlinPS: 4º Dr 12130 || BerlinUL: 4º Dr 12130^a); {Lübeckische Kirchenordnung von Joh. Bugenhagen Pom. getreu nach dem Autograph von 1531} (Lübeck, 1877) (BerlinUL: 12136^a).
No agenda.
Lüneburg [1531] s- [11/7/95] - official
Rhegius, Urbanus. Christlyke ordenynghe van der scholen und kercken sacken der stadt Luneborch. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 6:1:633–49.
No agenda, only a list of holy days.
Lüneburg [1575] s [11/7/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 6:1:650–90. Notes from Sehling.
Saturdays: at 1:30 to 2:00 an exhortation is read to communicants with a form of confession (p. 657) and [private?] confession, during which from 2:00 to 3:00 Vespers is held, beginning with 1–3 psalms and an antiphon for the day, then a boy reads the Gospel in Latin, then a Responsory or Hymn de tempore is sung (if pure), then the Magnificat (alternating verses on the organ), at S. Johan a motet is sung, then the Benedictus. In great feasts such as Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, Ascension, etc. an antiphon and psalm are sung at Compline: "Qui habitat in adiutorio altissimi," "Ecce nunc benedicite Domino" from the hymnal of Lossius.
On Sunday mornings and chief feasts the bell is rung at 4:00. The Kuster begins a half hour thereafter[?] German psalms from Luther's hymnal with those who are already there, while the people gather. At 5:00 there is a sermon on the Gospel on the chief feasts, but on ordinary Sundays the catechism is read and a section is preached on. Then a German psalm is sung related to the Gospel and the time.
At 6:00 is Matins: the boys go to the choir, and on chief feasts the Venite is sung with the Invitatory "nach gelegenheit der zeit," with several psalms and the Te Deum.
At 7:00 is mass: the Introit is sung with the Kyrie d.t., during which (p. 658) the Kirchendiener holding mass goes in mass vestments to the altar, which has altar cloths and candles, and prepares for the mass. After the Kyrie is the Gloria, Et in terra, at times in Latin and at times in German. Then the Priester sings a German collect related to the Gospel, then the Epistle in German. Then a Sequence or Alleluia or a German psalm d.t. is sung, then the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sei mit euch," the choir and people answering "Und mit deinem Geiste." Then the Gospel is sung in German, then a motet—"Ein kindelein" on Christmas, "Christ ist erstanden" on Easter and "Nun bitten wir" on Pentecost and throughout the rest of the year. Then the sermon: the congregation is exhorted to prayer, the Gospel is read from the pulpit and the sermon preached, this to last about an hour until 9:00, at the end of which the people are again exhorted to prayer and that they should remain for the communion. Then "Wir gleuben" is sung, for which the organ is not played, then "nach gelegenheit der zeit" the Credo is sung, during [!] which the Diener goes to the altar and reads the exhortation to the communicants. Then the Priester sings the Preface d.t. at the altar, at times in German and at times in Latin (p. 659), then the Sanctus is sung, then the priest sings the Vater Unser and the Verba in German. Then the people commune, during which is sung one of "Jesus Christus," "Godt sey gelobet," "Agnus Dei" or "O lamb Gottes unschuldig," for as long as necessary. Reconsecration is ordered if the elements (the word is used!) do not suffice, and anything remaining is to be consumed by the priest or other communicants. After the communion the collect "Wir danken dir" is sung. Then the Benediction. Special instructions are given for specific churches.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision or New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Nativity of John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis, all with communion, except that the proper Introit, Sequence and Preface are sung, plus the old German hymns (p. 660): "Ein kindelein" at Christmas, "Christ ist erstanden" at Easter and "Nun bitten wir" at Pentecost. If these festivals fall on a Sunday the festivals lessons are read and the Sunday ones omitted. Further instructions are given regarding lessons in special cases. If the Annunciation falls during Holy Week it is observed on Palm Sunday. Apostles' days are also observed, plus the Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene, Nativity of Mary [Sep 8] and All Saints. It does not say that these are only half-day observances, and it does mention Vespers in the afternoon, but not a sermon. If one of these days falls on a Sunday it supersedes the Sunday observance, with the Gospel read in the morning and the Epistle in the afternoon. (p. 661) October 21 is observed for St. Ursula, the city having been protected from danger in 1371. Specific instructions are given for this service. (p. 662) Weekdays: a 45-minute sermon is held every weekday at a different church. German psalms are sung from Luther's hymnal before the sermon, and the German Litany, a collect and "Erhalt uns, Herr" or another psalm d.t. afterward. (p. 663)
Magdeburg 1554 (Magdeburg, 1554) s- [8/12/93]
Etliche Artickel zu notwendiger Kirchenordnung gehörig.
No agenda.
Magdeburg [1554] ([N.p., n.d.]) s- [8/12/93]
Ursach, grund und Erklerung der Magdenburgischen Kirchenordnung... durch die Prediger in... Magdenburg.
%Preface: dated 1. Nov. 1554
No agenda.
Magdeburg 1615 (Magdeburg, 1615) s [8/12/93] - semiofficial
Han, Philip. Kirchen Buch, darinnen die gewöhnlichen Ceremonien, neben etlichen Kurtzen Sermonen... verfasset sind, welche bey Christl. Kindtäuffen, Einsegnung, Copulation... in den Kirchen der Erzstiffts Magdeburgk und andern Christl. versamlungen üblichen seien. Jn Neun Tractätlein. Cited in Graff 1:30. The claim on the title page `Jtzo vffs new in Truck verordnet" notwithstanding, there is no evidence that this book had appeared previously, and the author dates his preface 1615; in addition, there is a reference on f. 3M3^a to the cathedral choir book published in 1613. Graff: the author names as his sources the Cantica sacra of 1613, the sächsische and Mansfelder KO's, Veit Dietrich, Goltz.
[Within an ornamented compartment, 175 @ 130 mm. enclosing 145 @ 94 mm.] K\irch\\enB\uch\\ | D. Philip. Hanen/ DomPredigers | zu Magdeburgk/ | Darinnen die gewöhnliche {Ceremo-} | {nien,} neben etlichen kurtzen {Sermonen} auá | Gottes Wort/ heilôamen {Conôilijs,} Bedencken vnd Er= | innerungen Herrn {D. Lutheri,} vnd anderer fürnemer/ reinen | {Theologen,} auch gemeine Gebet vnd {Collecten} | verfaôôet ôind: | Welche bey Chriôtlichen Kindtäuf= | fen/ Einôegnung der Sechswöchnerin/ Ehe= | licher {Copulation} Braut vnd Breutigam/ {Vocation,} | {Ordination} vnd {Introduction} newer Prediger/ Beicht/ {Ab-} | {solution} vnd {Communion} geôunder vnd Krancken/ auch hand= | lungen mit Gefangenen/ Beôeôôenen/ vnd endlich der ver= | ôtorbenen Begrebniôôen; | Jn den Kirchen deá Ertzôtiffts Magdeburgk/ | vnd andern Chriôtlichen verôamlungen üblichen ôein/ vnd | von Predigern/ in allerhand fällen/ nützlich zu | gebrauchen. | Jn Neun vnterôchiedliche Tractätlein abgetheilet/ deren | Regiôter/ oder {®Summa¯} vnd inhalt/ zu ende deá Buchs | zu finden. | Jtzo vffs new in Truck verordnet. | [ornamented rule] Zu Magdeburg Druckts [ornamented rule] | Andreas Betzel/ Jn Verlegung Ambroôij Kirchners/ | Jm Jahr/ {M. DC. XV.} %Size: 147 @ 99 mm. ():(3) %Collation: 4º: ):(^4, 2)(^4, a–k^4, A–5H^4; $1–3 signed (–):(1 3P2 3R3 5H3); ):(3 signed (:)3 %Pagination: 448 leaves: pp. [{16}] I–LXXX 1–42 31 44–63 49 65–498 469 500–515 561 517–520 519–549 540 551–566 565–600 701 602–608 590 610–611 146 613–634 639 636–638 637 640–788 [#=792] [{8}]
%Fingerprint: 1615 04 - 1a1 ):(2 tige : 1a2 2)(3 .$Hoch - 2a1 a nd : 2a2 k3 $vnn - b1 A n$ : b2 5H2 n$von$ôtum %Preface: ... `Datum Magdeburg, am Tage Mari‘ Geburt, Anno Christi 1615. Ew. HochEhrw. vnd Sn. Vntertheniger Diener am Wort des HERRN. Philip. Han D." %Music: Gloria incipits (3N1^b–3N2^a), Epistle and Gospel tones with examples in Latin and German (3N2^b–3P1^b), Credo incipit (3P1^b), Latin Prefaces for Advent, Christmas and Annunciation, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity and ordinary days (3P2^a–3R1^b), German Prefaces for Christmas, Easter and Pentecost (3R2^a–3S3^a), Verba #2 (3T1^a–3T1^b), Our Father #3 (3T2^a–3T3^b), antiphon for peace `Da pacem Domine" (5F2^a), antiphon `Domine rex deus Abraham" (5F3^a), 3 antiphons for Compline (5G1^a–5G2^a)
For Mass, Matins and Vespers in the cathedral the choirbook published in 1613 is used. The choir sings an Introit d.t., then the Kyrie d.t.; the Diacon sings the Gloria, then the choir sings the Et in terra. Then the Diacon sings a German collect d.t., then the Lector sings the Epistle in Latin, then a choir member reads the same in German. Then 2 boys from the choir sing the Alleluja and the choir sings the versicle. Then the choir sings the Sequence, Prose or Tract. (f. 3M3^a) Then the Lector sings the Gospel in Latin, and a choir member reads it in German to the people using the usual melody. Then the Nicene Creed (Patrem) is intoned by the Diacon, then the choir sings the Patrem up to the words "Et incarnatus est de Spiritu sancto, ex Maria virgine, Et homo factus est," which are sung by two boys slowly, and the rest is sung by the choir. Then the Glaube is introduced by a choir member or the choir, and the congregation sings it. Then the pulpit service: "Ein Kindelein," "Christ ist erstanden," "Christ fuhr," and "Nun bitten wir" are sung at the appropriate festivals in place of the Our Father, then the Gospel is read, then the sermon and general prayer, then the procession with the elements to the altar (f. 3M3^b), with incense, during which two boys sing "Da pacem Domine" and the organ is played. Then the Latin Preface is sung (f. 3M4^a) and the Latin Sanctus by the choir, then the Diacon sings the German Vater Unser and the Verba. (f. 3M4^b) During the distribution the choir sings "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland," and if there are many communicants, the Latin Agnus Dei or the same in German: "O Lamb Gottes vnschüldig." Then the collect "Wir dancken dir" and the Blessing. Then when the communicants have left the chancel, the choir sings one or two stanzas of "GOtt sey gelobet." (f. 3N1^a)
Magdeburg 1621 (Magdeburg, 1621) s [2/15/93] - private
Schrader, Johann. Formularbuch.
%Size: 142 @ 113 mm. (A3^a): all pages within a double-rule frame %Collation: [Vol. 1:] 4º: )(^4 A–2B^4; $1–3 signed (–)(1, T3, Z2, 2B3); F2, P2–P3, Q2, Y3 roman; )(3 signed (?)3, O2 signed O3 || [Vol. 2:] 4º: A^4–2A^4 [incomplete]; $1–3 signed (–A1, K2); A3, B3, C3, D3, H1–H3, I1–I3, K1, K3, L1, Q1, S2 roman || [Vol. 3:] A–3A^4; $1–3 signed (–A1, R3, 2R2); 2E1 ornamented gothic; 2F3 signed 2F2, 2V3 signed 2T3 %Pagination: [Vol. 1:] 104 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–64 75–81 77 73–104 405 106–107 408–409 110–111 412 113–121 422–423 124–128 429 130–136 173 138–184 285–293 264 295–297 [#=197] [{3}] || [Vol. 2:] 96 leaves [incomplete]: pp. [{2}] 1–49 80–103 98 105–108 110 110 111–118 19 120–134 235 136–143 143 145–180 18 182–203 124 205–220 [#=190] || [Vol. 3:] 188 leaves: pp. [{2}] 1–5 {6} 7–9 01 11–111 111 113–123 {124–125} 126–135 156 137–174 75 176–205 209 207–230 232 232–268 267 270–334 316 336–355 346 357–360 357 362–364 3 366–374 [#=374] %Contents: [Vol. 1:] )(1^a title, )(1^b-)(3^a preface, )(3^b-)(4^b dedicatory poems, A1^a–2B3^a text, 2B3^b colophon, 2B4^a–2B4^b blank || [Vol. 2:] A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–A2^b preface, A3^a–2A4^b text [incomplete] || [Vol. 3:] A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–A4^a prefaces, A4^b synoptic table of contents, B1^a–3A4^b text %Fingerprint: [Vol. 1:] 1621 04 - a1 )(2 /$vn : a2 (?)3 $im$ - b1 A Ot : b2 2B nge || [Vol. 2:] 1621 04 - b1 A2 /$v : b2 2A3 $ôinge || [Vol. 3:] 1621 04 - b1 A2 rü : b2 3A3 burt/$hil %Preface: `Datum Alvenschleben, den 19. Julij, A. 1619... JOHANNES SCHRADERUS, Pfarrer im Alten Dorff daselbst." %Music: In vol. 2: Latin and German Gloria incipits (C1^a–C1^b); Salutation (C2^a); 2 Latin Credo incipits (E4^b); 7 Latin Prefaces `Auá der Wittenbergischen Agenda" (G3^b–L1^a); Latin versicles with German Prefaces for the three chief festivals from Spangenberg's Missal (L1^a–M4^b); Our Father #3 `auá der Nürenbergischen Agenda"; Our Father #1 `Auá der Waldeckschen vnd Wittenbergischen Kirchen Ordnung"; Our Father #3 (variant) `Auá D. Philippi Galli Kirchen-Buch. Fol. 515"; Verba #3 `Auá der Nürenbergischen Agenda"; Verba #2 `Auá der Waldechschen Kirchen-Ordnung"; Verba #1 `Auá der Wittenbergischen Kirchen-Ordnung."
Volume 1 contains absolutions for private and public confessions, forms for excommunication and forms for receiving back into fellowship those who have been excommunicated. Volume 2 contains prayers for a minister to use before conducting a service, the communion service (f. C1^a–R3^b), occasional collects, forms for examining catechumens [the rest is missing in the copy]. Volume 3 contains forms and prayers for use with the sick, the grieving, the depressed, etc.
The forms are taken from various agendas. Not all sources are identified, but among those used are the Jena order of Herzog Johan Wilhelm, the Waldeck order, the Braunschweig order of Herzog Julius, the Gebetbuch of Avenarius, the Nürnberg Agendbüchlein, the Kirchenbuch of Philip Gall, the Wittenberg agenda, the Schwäbisch Hall order, the Mansfeld agenda, the Kranckenbüchlein of Georg Walther.
The forms for use with the sick are pretty entertaining. For example, on p. 12, the pastor greets the invalid with "Lieber Freundt, oder Nachbar etc. Wie gehets euch?" Assuming the person responds with "Ach ich bin Hertzlich kranck," the pastor then responds with a four-page oration in formal language on the origins of and means of overcoming illness. It starts: "Es ist nicht ohn, jhr seyd kranck gnug. Jch habe für meine Person auch ein groá Mittleyden mit euch, vnd komme deshalben zu euch, damit ich, als ewer verordneter Seelsorger, nach erforderung meines Ampts, mit euch reden, vnnd aus GOttes Wort etwas Trost wider ewre Schwachheit mittheilen möge. So lernet nun erstlich, wo her doch alle Kranckheiten, ja auch der Todt selbst, sich vervrsachen, nemblich, von der Sünden, vnd von dem Fall vnser ersten Eltern. Denn wo Adam vnd Eva GOttes Gebot nicht vbertreten hetten, so were kein Mensch kranck worden...."
The communion service in volume 2 seems to be essentially the one the author uses, but with various propers and other parts taken from various agendas. It begins with the singing of the Veni sancte Spiritus, with the Introit and the Kyrie. Then the Pfarrer or Diaconus sings the beginning of the Gloria (forms are given in Latin and German) (f. C1^a). Then the choir sings the rest in Latin or German (f. C1^b). Then the salutation: "Der Herr sey mit euch" (choir responding: "vnd mit deinem Geiste") OR "Der Friede deá HErren sey mit euch allen" (Choir: "Amen") (f. C2^a). Then the Versiculum and collect de tempore; for example, for Advent: "Bereitet dem HErren seine Wege." Choir: "Vnd machet richtig seine steige." "Last vnd Bethen. LJeber HERRE Gott, wecke vns auff, das wir bereit sein, wenn dein Sohn kömpt, jhn mit frewden zu empfahen, vnd dir mit reinem Hertzen zu dienen, durch denselben deinen Sohn, Jesum Christum, vnsern HERREN." Choir: "Amen" (f. C2^b). Then the Pfarrer or Diaconus reads the Epistle, or sings it, "as is usual in large cities." Notes that Johan Meiáner in Magdeburg published several years ago a lectionary noted. After the Epistle a psalm from Luther's Gesangbuch is sung choraliter, or a motet is sung figuraliter. Then the Gospel is read (or chanted). Then the Creed is introduced by the Pfarrer or Diaconus. (f. E4^a) The choir sings either the Latin Patrem or the German "Wir glauben all." Then comes the sermon, followed by the general prayer. In some places an exhortation to prayer precedes the general prayer (f. E4^b). Then a brief psalm is sung. In large cities the Pastores or Diaconi begin the communion with the Latin preface (a general form is given, followed by proper prefaces for the six chief feasts) (f. G3^a). The author notes that there are also prefaces for other festivals, but that he uses only those for the three chief festivals in a half-Latin, half-German form (versicles in Latin, text of the preface in German) (f. L1^a). Then follows the Sanctus in Latin or in German. Then the exhortation to the communicants is read. (f. N1^a) Then the Vater Unser is sung, with the chorus responding "Amen." Then follow the Words of Institution (in all the usual forms). The forms of the Vater Unser are on f. O4^b–P3^b; those of the Words of Institution are on f. P3^b–Q4^b. During the distribution "Jesus Christus unser Heyland" is sung (f. R1^a). After the communion the Pfarrer or Caplan reads a collect (f. R2^b). Then comes the Benediction (f. R3^a). Then "Gott sey gelobet" is sung. If no communicants are present, after the sermon a psalm is sung, such as "Es wolt vns Gott gnedig sein" or "Nu Lob mein Seel den HErren." And the Priester closes with a collect. (f. R3^b).
Magdeburg 1647 (Braunschweig, 1647) s [8/13/93]
Han, Philip. Consilia, sive Judicia Theologica et Requisita Ministerii, Artius Ecclesiae: Neu verbessert und vollständig Kirchen Buch D. Philip Hanen Dom Predigers zu Magdeburgk [... zum vierdten mahl gedruckt]. Cited in Graff 1:30.
The liturgical portions at least are a word for word reprint of the 1615 ed.
Magdeburg 1663 (Halle, 1663) s [12/30/92; 2/18/93] - official ErtzStifftische Magdeburgische Kirchen Agenda.
ErtzStifftiôche Magdeburgiôche | K\irchen | {AGENDA} | Auff gnädigôte Anordnung | Des | Hochwürdigôten/ Durchlauchtigôten | Hochgebornen Fürôten und Her#rn | Her#rn | {AUGUSTI,} | P\oôtulirten A\dminiôtratoris | des Primat= und ErtzStiffts Magdeburg/ | Hertzogens zu Sachôen/ Jülich/ Cleve und Berg/ Land= | graffens in Düringen/ Marggraffens zu Meiôôen/ O= | ber und Nieder Lauôitz/ Graffens zu der Marck/ | Ravensberg und Barby/ Her#rn zum | Ravenôtein/ #&c. | {Publiciret} | {Anno 1663.} | [ornamented rule] | Hall in Sachôen/ | Gedruckt bey Chriôtoff Salfelden/ || [{stet:} Salfelden/]
%Size: 145 @ 104 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–P^4 Q^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 M3 Q2) %Pagination: 62 leaves: pp. [{4}] 1–116 [{4}] (misnumbering 59 as 95) %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–A2^b preface, A3^a–P4^b text, Q1^a–Q2^b table of contents %Fingerprint: 1663 04 - b1 A2 iede : b2 P3 $alle - c1#=c2 Q or %Preface: `Von GOTTes Gnaden Wir AUGUSTUS, Postulirter Administrator des Primat- und Ertz- Stiffts Magdeburg, Hertzog zu Sachsen, Jülich, Cleve und Berg, Landgraff in Thüringen, Marggraff zu Meissen, Ober- und Nieder Lausitz, Graff zu der Marck, Ravensberg und Barby, Herr zu Ravenstein &c." ... `Gegeben Halle den 30. Junii/ im Jahr Christi 1663." %Music: none
Saturdays and holy day eves in the cities (Vespers): the Schüler sing one, two or three psalms with the antiphon from the next day, then a responsory or hymn or a German hymn is sung. Then a boy reads a lesson from the New Testament. Then the Magnificat is sung, occasionally in Latin, occasionally in German, with the antiphon from the Sunday or festival, closing with the collect and benedicamus. Then confession as usual.
Sunday Matins in the cities: the Schüler sing one, two or three psalms in German with the antiphon from the Sunday or festival, then (if there is no sermon) a lesson from the Old Testament or the assigned Gospel or something else from the Bible [is read] (p. 27), then the Benedictus in German or a well-known hymn de tempore, closing with a collect. If desired, the people may also sing the Te deum in German.
Predigt and Communion: after the bell is sung the Introit for the day or a German psalm or another hymn (in some places the Benedictus is in use at particular times), then the Kyrie, Gloria and Et in Terra in Latin (or Allein Gott in der Höh in place of the Et in terra), then the Dominus Vobiscum in German, then the Collect in German, then the Epistle in German, then a hymn de tempore (see list), then the Gospel for the day sung in German, then the Credo and Patrem in Latin, then the Glaube in German (Wir glauben all), then the Predigt on the Gospel, with a hymn during the festival time (Christmas: Ein Kindelein; Easter: Christ ist erstanden; Ascension: Christ fuhr gen Himmel (p. 28); Pentecost: Nun bitten wir; these hymns to be continued on the following Sundays [i.e., during the season]). After the sermon the public confession is spoken with the Absolution, then the common prayer with intercessions, closing with the Vater Unser and Benediction. Then either the paraphrase of the Vater Unser with the exhortation to the sacrament is read, or the Vater Unser is sung (whichever is customary in the place). But on festivals the German preface and German Sanctus are sung before the Vater Unser, and the paraphrase and exhortation are omitted. Then the Words of Institution in German. Then the people sing Jesus Christus unser Heiland, Esaia dem Propheten, Gott sey gelobet, Psalm 111: Ich dancke dem Herrn von gantzem Hertzen, O Lamb Gottes unschuldig—one or more of them, depending on the number of communicants. (p. 29) After the communion is sung the Dominus Vobiscum in German, with the Collect, then the Benediction. And when the communicants leave the altar and Chor (chancel), Christe du Lamb GOttes or GOtt sey gelobet is sung: "Den ersten und etwa die letzten versicul, so es unter der Communion nicht gesungen worden." If there are no communicants, as above, except that after the sermon the people sing a German psalm or spiritual song, closing with another collect and the Benediction.
Vespers in the cities: after the bell is sung as on Saturday. Then a section of Luther's catechism with the explanation is recited by two boys. The sermon follows based on this section or on the Epistle for the day. (p. 30)
Weekdays in the cities: if the boys are present, one may sing before the Predigt, as on Sunday at Matins, while the people assemble. When the boys have finished the sermon follows. After the sermon the people sing a German psalm or hymn (nach gelegenheit viel oder wenig), closing with the Collect and Benediction.
Saturdays in the villages: where there are no schools, the service begins at a convenient time Saturday evening, singing appropriate German psalms or spiritual songs ("deutsche Psalm oder geistliche Gesänge"), closing with the prayer. The foregoing is only if confession is to be held; if there is no confession, when the bell is rung each one at home or in the field says a devotional Vater Unser and prepares himself for the next day's service. During the assembly the Pfarrer hears confession.
Ampts Predigt and Communion in the villages: if there are communicants, the people sing a psalm or hymn in place of the Introit (p. 31), then the Priester reads a German collect, then the Epistle (to the people), also sung in German. Then a German psalm or hymn, then the Gospel for the day in German, then the people sing the Glaube, then the sermon, then the paraphrase of the Vater Unser with the exhortation is read, then the Words of Institution in German. During the communion the people sing Jesus Christus unser Heyland, Gott sey gelobet, or the German Sanctus Jesais dem Propheten. After communion the service is closed with a German collect and Benediction. If there are no communicants, see above for the cities.
Vespers in the villages: when it is desired to have Vespers, the people first sing a German psalm or two. Then a lesson, then the German Magnificat, then a collect with the Benediction. After the mittags Predigt the Priester holds a catechism examination. (p. 32)
Weekdays in the villages: as desired, but the Lenten services are not to be omitted.
Festivals: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision (p. 33), Epiphany, Baptism of Christ (Sunday after Circumcision), Purification, Annunciation (which may, if it falls during Holy Week or Easter, be observed in the early service on Palm Sunday, as is done in several places), Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity. Other festivals: St. John the Baptist (p. 34), Visitation, Michaelis. The apostles' days may be observed where it is customary (half a day), or they may be moved to the nearest Sunday afternoon or evening. Ditto with other festivals of the saints: Conversion of Paul, Maria Magdalene, Beheading of St. John, St. Stephen, etc. (p. 35)
Chapter 7 (p. 42–84): "Von Gesängen und Gebeten" - the music to these is found in the specially printed agenda (p. 42) (see Magdeburg, Halberstadt 1632). First are given prefaces for Christmas, Easter and Pentecost (p. 42–43), then a communion exhortation, then various collects (with collects for festivals in Latin), then the formula for public confession and absolution, then the Litany (with the rubric that it may be sung or spoken, p. 70). Finally there is a list of hymns de tempore (p. 75–84):
CHRISTMAS: Gelobet seystu Jesu Christ; Vom Himmel hoch; Vom Himmel kam der Engel schar; Der Tag der ist so freudenreich; In dulci jubilo; Ein Kind gebohrn zu Bethlehem; Christum wir sollen loben schon; Dancksagen wir alle. EASTER: Christ ist erstanden; Christ lag in Todesbanden; Also heilig ist der Tag; Erstanden ist der heilige Christ; Jesus Christus unser Heyland, der den Tod; Ich weiá, daá mein Erlöser lebt. PENTECOST: Kom heiliger Geist, Herr Gott; Kom Gott Schöpffer heiliger Geist; Nun bitten wir. ADVENT 1: Nun kom der Heyden Heyland; Herr Christ der einig GOttes Sohn; Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein. ADVENT 2: Ditto; Gott hat das Evangelium. ADVENT 3, 4: Ditto. CHRISTMAS TO PURIFICATION: use either Christmas or Epiphany hymns. EPIPHANY 1: Diá sind die heiligen Zehen Gebot; Mensch wiltu leben seliglich. EPIPHANY 2: Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; Vergebens ist all Müh und Kost; Wol dem der in Gottes furcht; Wo Gott zum Hauá nicht giebt. EPIPHANY 3: Erharm dich mein O Herre Gott; Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ. EPIPHANY 4: Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit; Eine feste Burg ist unser Gott; Wo Gott der Herr nicht bey uns helt. EPIPHANY 5: Ach Gott vom Himmel sih darein; Es spricht der unweisen Mund wol. SEPTUAGESIMA: Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein; Es wolt uns Gott genedig seyn; Es ist das Heil uns kommen her. SEXAGESIMA: Vater unser im Himmelreich; Es wolt uns Gott genedig seyn; Es spricht der unweisen Mund wol. ESTO MIHI: O Lamb Gottes unschuldig; Christe der du bist Tag und Liecht; Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott; Allein nach dir Herr Jesu Christ. LENT (general): Christe der du bist Tag und Liecht; any of the following: INVOCAVIT: Gott der Vater wohn uns bey; Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ. REMINISCERE: Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir; Eine feste Burg ist unser Gott; Gott der Vater wohn uns bey. OCULI: Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir; Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; Durch Adams fall ist. LAETARE: Vater unser im Himmelreich; Warumb betrübstu dich mein Hertz. JUDICA: Es spricht der unweisen Mund wol; Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein. PALMARUM: Nun freut euch lieben christen gemein; Herr Jesu Christ war Mensch und Gott; Allein Gott in der Höh sey Ehr. QUASIMODOGENITI: Easter hymns until Ascension, but also possible are Kompt her zu mir spricht Gottes Sohn; Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ. MISERICORDIAS DOMINI: Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt. JUBILATE: Kompt her zu mir spricht Gottes Sohn; Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; Mag ich Unglück nicht wiederstahn. CANTATE: Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein. ROGATIONUM: Vater unser im Himmelreich; Wenn wir in höchsten Nöthen seyn. EXAUDI: as on Ascension, also Kom Gott Schöpffer heiliger Geist; Eine feste Burg ist unser Gott. TRINITY 1 (i.e., DOMINICA 1. POST TRINITATIS): Es spricht der unweisen Mund wol; Weltlich Ehr und zeitlich Gut. TRINITY 2: Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein; Es ist das Heil uns kommen her; Es wolt uns Gott genädig seyn. TRINITY 3: Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott; Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir. TRINITY 4: Diá sind die heiligen Zehen Geboth; Mensch wiltu leben seliglich. TRINITY 5: Wo Gott zum Hauá nicht gibt sein Gunst; Vergebens ist all Müh und Kost; Vater unser im Himmelreich. TRINITY 6: as on Trinity 4, plus Es ist das Heil uns kommen her; Durch Adams fall ist gantz verderbt. TRINITY 7: Vater unser im Himmelreich; Warümb betrübstu dich mein Hertz; Wol dem der in Gottes furcht steht; Nun lob mein Seel den Herren. TRINITY 8: Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein; Von Gott wil ich nicht lassen; O Herre Gott, dein Göttlich Wort. TRINITY 9: Es spricht der unweisen Mund wol; Es wolt uns Gott genädig seyn. TRINITY 10: An Wasserflüssen Babylon; Nim von uns Herr du treuer Gott; Nim von uns Herr Gott all unser. TRINITY 11: Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir; Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott; Ich ruff dir Herr Jesu Christ [{sic}]; Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; Es ist das Heil uns kommen her. TRINITY 12: Durch Adams fall ist gantz; Nun lob mein Seel den Herren. TRINITY 13: Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott; Durch Adams fall ist. TRINITY 14: Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott; Nun lob mein Seel den Herrn; Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ. TRINITY 15: Warumb betrübstu dich mein Hertz; Vater unser im Himmelreich. TRINITY 16: Mitten wir im Leben sind; Ach lieben Christen seyn getrost; Wenn mein Stündlein verhanden ist. TRINITY 17: Wo Gott der Herr nicht bey uns helt; Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit. TRINITY 18: Diá sind die heiligen Zehen Gebot; Herr Christ der einige Gottes Sohn. TRINITY 19: Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir. TRINITY 20: Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein; same as Trinity 17. TRINITY 21: Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ. TRINITY 22: Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott; Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir. TRINITY 23: Wo Gott der Herr nicht bey uns helt; Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit. TRINITY 24: Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; Mitten wir im Leben sind. TRINITY 25: Gott hat das Evangelium; Gott der Vater wohn uns bey; Es ist gewiálich an der Zeit. NEW YEAR'S: as at Christmas, plus Helfft mit Gottes güte preisen; Das alte Jahr vergangen ist; Jesu nun sey gepreiset. TRIUM REGUM: Christmas hymns, also Was fürchstu Feind Herodes sehr. PURIFICATION: Christmas hymns, also Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin. ANNUNCIATION: Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein; Nu kom der Heyden Heiland; Herr Christ der einige Gottes Sohn. MAUNDY THURSDAY: Jesus Christus unser Heyland, der von uns; Gott sey gelobet und gebenedeyet; O Lamb Gottes unschuldig. GOOD FRIDAY: Christus der uns Selig macht; Da Jesus an dem Creutze stund; Hilff Gott, daá mirs gelinge; Herr Jesu Christ wahr Mensch und Gott; O Lamb Gottes unschuldig. ASCENSION: Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein; Christ fuhr gen Himmel; Nun freut euch Gottes Kinder all, der Herr fährt auff mit grossen Schall. TRINITATIS: Gott der Vater wohn uns bey; Kyrie Gott Vater in Ewigkeit; Der du bist drey in Einigkeit; Allein Gott in der Höh sey Ehr; Herr Gott dich loben wir; Es wolt uns Gott genädig seyn. JOHN THE BAPTIST: Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam; Gelobet sey der Herr der Gott Israel. VISITATION: Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein; Meine Seel erhebt den Herrn. MARY MAGDALENE: Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott. MICHAELIS: Herr Gott dich loben wir; Nun lob mein Seel den Herren; Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott. APOSTLES' DAYS: Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott; Erhalt uns Herr bey deinem Wort; Herr Gott dich loben wir; Kompt her zu mir spricht Gottes Sohn; Ich ruff zu dir Herr Jesu Christ; Es wolt uns Gott genädig seyn. CATECHISM — TEN COMMANDMENTS: Diá sind die heiligen Zehen Gebot; Mensch wiltu leben seliglich. CREED: Wir gläuben all an einen Gott; Es ist das Heil uns kommen her. VATER UNSER: Vater unser im Himmelreich; Sey Lob und Ehr mit hohen Preiá. BAPTISM: Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam; Durch Adams Fall ist gantz verderbt. CONFESSION AND OFFICE OF THE KEYS: Erbarm dich mein O Herre Gott; Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ. ABENDMAHL: Jesus Christus unser Heyland, der von uns; Ich dancke dem Herrn von gantzen hertzen.
Magdeburg 1667 (Magdeburg, 1667) s [8/12/93] - parish
Agenda, so zu Behueff der Primat-Ertzbischöfflichen Kirchen zu Magdeburg... in druck gegeben worden. Cited in Graff 1:30. Graff: based on Cantica sacra 1613, Hans Kirchenbuch and the Magdeburg KO.
{AGENDA} | So/ | Z\u beh\ueff der {Primat-}E\rtzbi= | ôchöfflichen Kirchen zu Magdeburg/ | Vff Verordnung | E\ines H\och\\ E\h\rwürdigen | DomCapituls hochgedachter Kir= | chen in Druck gegeben wor= | den. | [ornamented rule] | Magdeburg/ | Gedruckt bey Johann Müllern/ im Jahr {1667.}
%Size: 146 @ 105 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–T^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 S3 T3); L3 signed L4 %Pagination: 76 leaves: pp. [{2}] 1–148 [{2}] (misnumbering 114 as 112, 120–122 as 114–116) %Fingerprint: 1667 04 - b1 A2 enw : b2 T2 ch$da %Preface: ... `Magdeburg am 30. November. Anno 1667." %Music: Our Father #2 (E2^a–E2^b), Verba #1 (E2^b–E3^b)
Beichte on Saturdays and holy day eves: Vespers held at 1:00 in the Chor (chancel), beginning with several Latin hymns found in the choir books (f. C1^b), then the following penitential hymns are sung alternately ("wechselweise"): "Ach GOtt und Herr," "Erbarm dich mein," "Auá tiefer Noth" and "Allein zu dir." The Buágebeth is read, then the Latin Collect d.t. is sung, then the Benedicamus Domino and "Gott sey uns gnädig und barmhertzig." (f. C2^a)
Ampts Predigt and Communion: rung at 7:30, then the prelude on the organ, then the Introit, Kyrie, Gloria (Et in terra sung by choir), then the entire church sings "Allein GOtt in der Höh," then "Der HERR sey mit Euch" and Collect with the versicle on festivals, without versicle on ordinary Sundays (see chapter 5 for collects and versicles; the versicle precedes the collect). Then the Epistle in Latin, followed by a choir member reading it in German, the Halleluja intoned by the boys, which is omitted, along with the organ playing, during Lent. Then a German hymn is sung "mit einspielender Orgel" (f. C4^a) if there is no Music, then the Gospel in Latin and German, as above. Then every other Sunday ("einen Sontag umb den andern") there is figural music (except during Lent), then the Credo in unum Deum (intoned by the Diacon), and on the Sundays when the Instrumental-Music is not done the choir begins "Wir gläuben," joined by the congregation. Then the sermon. Before the text is read the usual hymns are sung on the festivals. (f. C4^b) Then the confession, with absolution and retention (f. D1^a), then the general prayer (f. D1^b), the prayer for the communicants (f. D3^b), and the intercessions and thanksgivings, closing with the Vater Unser and Benediction. Then a few boys intone the Da Pacem Domine, the choir finishing it. Then a German hymn, such as "Herr Jesu Christ du höchstes Gut," "Ach GOtt und HErr," "Auff meinen lieben GOTT" or "Wo sol ich fliehen hin" is sung (alternating hymns Sunday by Sunday) (f. D4^a), during which the altar is prepared. On festivals the Latin preface is sung, after which the Latin Sanctus is done by the choir and organ. On ordinary Sundays the exhortation is read (f. D4^b). Then the Vater Unser (f. E2^a) and Verba (f. E2^b) are sung. Then several boys intone "Heilig ist GOTT der HErre Zebaoth" three times, with the congregation concluding "Sein Ehr die gantze Welt erfüllet hat." (f. E3^b) During the distribution, if there is no figural music, the choir sings "JEsus Christus unser Heyland," which is also sung after figural music. Then the Thanksgiving (f. E4^a) and Benediction. Then the congregation sings "GOTT sey gelobet," and the service is closed with organ music, except during Lent (f. E4^b). If there are no communicants, on the third day of high feasts and the first Sunday in Advent "HErr GOtt dich loben wir" is sung before the Latin Preface; on other Sundays and festivals another German hymn, then closing with the Collect and Blessing.
Afternoon: rung at 12:30. Two Latin psalms and the Hymnus are sung by the choir, with the organ playing in alternation when there is no Music ("in welchen wechselsweise die Orgel fellet, wenn die Music nicht eingestellet ist"). Then the Fest- or Sontags-Glocke rings the sermon. Then the organ plays until the time for the sermon, and "Meine Seele erhebt den HErrn" is sung, then a German chapter from the Bible (on Trinity the Athanasian Creed instead, etc.) is read, then a hymn related to the Epistle or Catechism is sung. (f. F1^a) On high feasts and Sundays before this hymn is "wechselsweise figuraliter musiciret." Then the sermon, general prayer with the intercessions, Vater Unser and blessing. Then a German hymn is sung, closing with the Collect and Blessing and organ music.
Weekday services: rung at 7:30 on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday. Latin things are sung, the collect pro pace, several psalms (on Fridays Te Deum is sung before the collect). Then a German hymn and a collect, blessing and GOtt sey uns gnädig und barmhertzig.
Tuesday sermon: 7:30. Vater Unser im Himmelreich or Nim von uns Herr, collect, Glaube, sermon, confession, litany, prayers, Vater Unser, Benediction, Erhalt vns Herr, Collect, "Wenn wir in höchsten Nöthen" or "Ach bleib bey uns."
Thursdays 8:00 - organ music (when there is no Music), Nim von uns is sung by the choir, then the Litany in two choirs, then the Collect, Glaube is sung, sermon, confession etc., Vater Unser, Pulpit Benediction, hymn d.t., Collect, Blessing, organ music.
Buá and Bethtag - not copied.
Festivals: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Mauritius, Michaelis.
Magdeburg 1685 (Halle, 1685) s [9/7/93] - official
Chur Fürstl. Brandenb. im Hertzogth. Magdeburg publicirte Kirchen Ordnung.
%Size: 142 @ 101 mm. ()(3^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4, A–Z^4; $1–3 signed (–)(1 Q3 X3 Z3) %Pagination: 96 leaves: pp. [{8}] {1} 2–180 [{4}] (misnumbering 137 as 13, 161 as 160)
%Fingerprint: 1685 04 - a1 )(2 $zuw : a2 )(3 fart - b1 A r$ : b2 Z2 ohl %Preface: `WJR Friderich Wilhelm, von GOTTes Gnaden, Marggraff zu Brandenburg, des Heiligen Römischen Reichs Ertz-Cämmerer und ChurFürst, in Preussen, zu Magdeburg, Jülich, Cleve, Berge, Stettin, Pommern, der Cassuben und Wenden, auch in Schlesien, zu Crossen und Jägerndorff Hertzog, Burggraff zu Nürnberg, Fürst zu Halberstadt, Minden und Camin, Graff zu Hohenzollern, der Marck und Ravensberg, Herr zu Ravenstein und der Lande Lauenburg und Bütou. &c." ... `Gegeben zu Potsdam, den 13. Novembris, 1685. Friderich Wilhelm." %Music: none
A set of ordinances without agenda, but with some relevant information. Concerning Vespers on Sunday and festival eves in cities and villages, notes that Vespers are not held in a uniform fashion in cities and villages and orders that the Vespers be held as has been customary in each place, except that German hymns be sung, not Latin, and that in the cities "nicht figuriret, und musiciret" but only the organ be played. (p. 15)
Orders that people should come to church when the bell is rung and not wait until the singing is nearly done and the sermon is beginning, and that they should remain through the communion; and the Prediger should exhort the people that they are to join in the singing of the German hymns (p. 27).
The Gospel is read or sung from the altar, not the Cantzel. The figural and organ music should not take too much time, and only familiar and biblical texts in German should be used. The figural music shall remain ("nachbleiben") "nach der Predigt, vor und unter der Communion." (p. 28)
The organist should play what is about to be sung: "Auch soll der Organist das jenige auff der Orgel schlagen, was bey Versammlung der Gemeine gesunge[n] wird, insonderheit auch die Stücke, [p. 29] so georgelt und figuriret werden, zum Gottes Dienst, an den Sonn- Fest- und Feyer-Tagen beqvem seyn, und ihre gebührende gravität haben." (p. 28–29)
Magdeburg 1692 (Magdeburg and Zerbst, 1692) s [8/13/93]
Han, Philip. Consilia, sive Judicia Theologica et Requisita Ministerii, Artius Ecclesiae: Neu verbessert und vollständig Kirchen Buch D. Philip Hanen Dom Predigers zu Magdeburgk. Jetzo zum fünfften mal getruckt. Cited in Graff 1:30. Graff: enlarged by a 4th part containing the pericopes, passion history, destruction of Jerusalem, etc.
The liturgical portions, at least, are a word for word reprint of the 1615 ed. Magdeburg 1708 (Halle, 1708) r [8/13/93]
Chur Fürstl. Brandenb. im Hertzogth. Magdeburg publicirte Kirchen Ordnung.
A reprint of Magdeburg 1685 with the same page layout.
Magdeburg 1727 (Magdeburg, 1727) r [8/13/93]
Kirchen-Agenda des Hertzogthums Magdeburg.
Reprints the 1663 agenda.
Magdeburg 1739 (Magdeburg, 1739) r [9/7/93]
Revidirte und nach denen neuern Königl. Edicten, Mandaten u. Rescripten eingerich. u. vermehrte Kirchen Ordnung im Herzogthum Magdeburg wie auch in der Grafschaft Mansfeld.
An updated and greatly enlarged version of the 1685 order, but reprints the provisions concerning the service.
Magdeburg 1740 (Magdeburg, 1740) r [9/7/93] - official
Kirchen-Agenda des Hertzogthums Magdeburg, nebst denen von Sr. Maj. in Preussen verordneten Kirchen-Gebethen an Sonn- Fest- und Busstägen.
The service directions are reprinted from the 1663 agenda. There are some other changes, however: the list of apostles' and saints' festivals is omitted (they were optional half-day feasts in 1663), and the section "Von Gesängen und Gebethen" is now "Von Collecten und Gebethen." The list of de tempore hymns is retained intact.
Magdeburg, Halberstadt 1632 (Halle, 1632) s [12/28/92, 2/25/93] - official
Magdeburg: vnd Halberstadische Kirchen-Agenda. Cited in Graff 1:30. Manuscript entry in the imprint to Wolfenbüttel: S 406 Helmst. 4º (1): `Johannes Me#yer. Anno 1639." Graff: based on the kursächs. KO of 1580 and the Koburg KO of 1626; the KO was valid in Halberstadt until the new agenda of 1737, in Magdeburg until 1652 (KO) and 1663 (Agenda), which, however, were unified in 1685 and conformed almost exactly to the 1632 edition.
Magdeburg: vnd Halber= | ôtadiôche | K\I\R\C\H\E\N\= | {A\GENDA,} | Auff ôonderbaren gnädigôten Befehl | Des Durchlauchtigôten/ Groámäch= | tigôten Fürôten vnd Herrn/ | Herrn | G\ÚV\¿ôtav- A\ÚD\¿olphs/ | der Schweden/ Gothen vnd Wenden | Königs/ GroáFürôten zu Finland/ Hertzogen | zu Eheôten vnd Carelen/ Herrn über Jnger= | manLand/ #&c. | Verfaôôet | Jm Jahr Chriôti {M. DC. XXXII.} | [ornament, 13 @ 28 mm.] | Hall in Sachôen/ | Jn verlegung Melchior Oelôchlegels | Buchführers. || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Hall in Sachôen/ bey | Chriôtoff Salfeld/ Jm Jahr 1632.
%Size: 144 @ 109 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4, A–R^4 S^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 C2 S2); G2 N2 roman %Pagination: 76 leaves: pp. [{8}] {1} 2–140 %Contents: )(1^a title, )(1^b blank, )(2^a–)(3^a preface, )(3^b–)(4^b table of contents, A1^a–S2^b text %Fingerprint: 1632 04 - a1 )(2 t$sol : *a2 )(3 me - b1 A am : b2 S f %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Gloria incipits (F3^b–F4^a), Epistle tone with example (F4^a–G2^a), Gospel tone with example (G2^a–G4^b), Latin Credo incipit (H1^a), German Prefaces for Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (H1^a–J2^b), Our Father #2 (J3^b–J4^a), Verba #1 (J4^b–K1^a), tone for versicles and collects (K2^a)
The liturgical prescriptions, holy days and hymns de tempore are identical to those in Magdeburg 1663. This agenda, however, gives the music for the communion office (including Epistle and Gospel tones, prefaces for the three chief festivals, the Vater Unser and Words of Institution and collects). Both Vater Unser and Words of Institution are as in Osnabrück 1652 (p. 4 of notes).
Magdeburg, Halberstadt 1632 (Halle, 1632) s [10/28/92, 2/25/93] - occasional
Des | Durchlauchtigôten/ Groámächtigôten Fürôten | vnnd Herrn/ | Herrn/ | G\uôtaff A\dolphs/ der | Schweden/ Gothen vnd Wenden Königs/ | Gros Fürôten in Finland/ Hertzogen zu Ehôten | vnnd Careln/ Herrn vber Jnger= | manlandt/ etc. | Feôttages= vnnd Danckôagungs= | Ordnung/ | Auff bevorôtehenden Siebenden Tag des | Monats Septembris. | Vnd | Seiner Königlichen Mayeôt. Stathal= | ters in den Magdeburg: vnd Halberôtadti= | ôchen Landen/ | Des Durchlauchtigen/ Hochgebohrnen | Fürôten vnd Herrn/ Herrn Ludwigen/ Fürôten zu Anhalt/ | Graffen zu Aôcanien/ Herrn zu Bernburg | vnd Zerbôt/ etc. | Gnediges hierob Ertheiltes Mandat | vnd Befehlich. | [rule] | Gedruckt zu Hall bey Peter Schmie= | den/ Jm Jahr | {®M. DC. XXXII.¯}
%Size: 152 @ 108 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–B^4 C^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 C2) %Pagination: 10 leaves %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–C2^a text, C2^b blank %Fingerprint: 1632 04 - b1 A2 flantz : b2 C eu %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none
Thanksgiving service for victory against the Catholic army at Leipzig September 7 of the previous year. In the cities one should hold the services "auffs beste bestellet"; in other places "als mans schaffen kan." (f. A4^a)
Opening hymns: Vater unser im Himmelreich, then Kyrie with Gloria (morning); Gelobet sey der Herr der Gott Jsrael (afternoon). Then, either before or after the sermon (free choice): Allein Gott in der höh sey Ehr, Nu lob mein Seel den Herren, Gros ist der Herr, Gelobet sey der Herr täglich, Psalm 8 (f. A4^a), Psalm 136, Machet die Thore Weit, Ich habe meine Augen auff, Lobet den Herrn in seinem Heiligthumb, Wer Gott nicht mit vns diese Zeit, Herr Gott dich loben wir, Ein feste Burg ist vnser Gott. In the early service the Glaube is not omitted at the start of the sermon. At the end of the service, after the collect and blessing, shall be sung: Erhalt vns Herr bey deinem Wort (morning) and Gib Fried O frommer trewer Gott (afternoon). (f. A4^b)
Collects for the services are also given.
Mansfeld 1563 (Eisleben, 1563) s-
Manuale Aus der Kirchen Agenda. Darinnen Tauff, Einsegen und Trawbüchlein, zusammen gedruckt sind.
Gives services for baptism and wedding, and exhortations and prayers for communion, with the Vater Unser printed with wide line spacing so that notes may be drawn in (but there are none).
Mansfeld 1580 (Eisleben, 1580) s [7/20/93] - semiofficial
Kirchen Agenda... in der Graff, und Herrschafft Mansfeld auffs newe ubersehen. Cited in Graff 1:29. Graff: partly original, based partly on the Eisleben Manual of 1563 and partly on the sächs. KO of Herz. Heinrich of 1539. According to the preface, this edition was produced because the `Manuale, ein kurtz Handbüchlein" is no longer available; this edition contains items not in the other. Regarding the `semiofficial" status: there is no express requirement to use this order, but the preface implies that it is used in all the churches in Mansfeld, and a reference is made on f. 104^a to its not being required outside the Grafschaft.
K\irch\\en~ A\g\enda/ [following the initial `K" and extending over the remaining text on the line are two black rectangular ornaments, between which is a column of four red asterisks] | D\arinnen~ T\auff/ ein= | ôegen/ vnd Trawbüchlein/ Com= | munion/ ôampt den teglichen | Collecten/ welche in der | Kirchen gebraucht | werden. | [red acorn pointing down and to the left] | Für die Prediger in der Graff/ vnd | Herrôchafft Mansfeld. | J\tzunder auffs newe | vberôehen/ vnd mit vielen nützlichen/ | vnd nötigen Tractaten/ für junge vnd vn= | geübete Kirchendiener/ vermehret. | Welche alôo bey einander | nicht zu finden. | [acorn pointing down and to the right] | {M. D. LXXX.} || [Colophon:] Hiob 19. | Jch weis das mein Erlöôer lebet. | [woodcut portrait in a circular frame, 88 @ 90 mm., the frame containing the text `VRBANVS#.CAVBISCH#.ORTRAVIENSIS#.’TATIS#.SV’#.53" and the year `1580," with two digits on either side of the portrait] | Zu E\isleben~ in der A\l= | ten vnd Löblichen Graffôchafft Mans= | felt/ Gedruckt/ bey Vrban Gaubiôch/ wonhafftig | auff dem Graben/ Den fünfften May. | {®A¯}nno 1580.
%Size: 141 @ 99 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4 a–z^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 M3 N3 S3 z3); S2 signed S3, r3 signed q3 %Pagination: 184 leaves: ff. {1} 2–183 {184}
%Fingerprint: 1580 04 - b1 A2 diôc : b2 z2 er$ %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Our Father #2 (N4^a–N4^b), Verba #1 (N4^b–O1^b), Latin Gloria incipits (s4^a), German Prefaces for the three chief festivals (s4^a–v2^a), Verba #2 (v2^b–v3^a), German Litany (v3^b–y2^a)
The times and requirements of the various services are not given in this order. The reader is referred to Johan Spangenberg's Kirchenbuch for orders not in the present book (f. d3^b).
Communion: the order begins with an exhortation, which may be omitted in cities where the service would be too long because of the "Gesenge, vnd Orgeln." (f. N2^a) This exhortation is essentially a paraphrase of the Our Father (Luther's?). Then the Vater Unser and Verba are chanted (f. N4^a–O1^b). There is a collect at the close of the communion. Then the Blessing (f. O2^a).
"Von der vbung der Geistlichen Gesenge" - notes that many of the psalms of Luther and others have fallen into disuse. The reason is that they are rarely sung in church, or they are sung at the beginning of the service before people arrive. Another reason is that in the cities Latin hymns and figural music predominate (f. c3^a). The following pages contain lists of hymns from Luther's hymnal (by both Luther and others) arranged for the church year (see Sehling 2:235–40).
Holy days (f. e4^b–f1^b): full-day observances - Christmas (3 days), New Year's Day, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis; half-day observances - St. Andrew, St. Thomas, Conversion of Paul, Matthias, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, St. James, St. Laurentius, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude. If an apostle's day falls on a Saturday or Sunday, it is observed on the Sunday. If it falls during the week it may be observed either on that day or on the next day on which there is usually a service, whichever is customary in a given locality.
Mecklenburg 1545 ([N.p., 1540]) s [8/12/93] - official
Ordeninge der Misse, wo de vann denn Kerckheren unnde Seelsorgern ym lande tho Meckelnborch... schal geholden werden. Sehling surmises that the difference in dates between the title page and the colophon is because the printing was interrupted during the visitation of 1541–42 (5:131).
O\ÚR\¿deninge | der Miôôe/ wo de vann denn | K\erckheren vnnde S\eelôor= | gern ym lande tho Meckeln= | bo#rch/ jm F\ürôtendom M\en= | den/ S\werin R\oôtock vnnd | S\targharde ôchal ge= | holden wer= | den\. | [acorn pointing up and to the right] {®M. D, XL.¯} [acorn pointing down and to the left] || [{stet:} {®M. D, XL.¯}] || [Colophon:] Tho Roôtock by Ludowich Dyetz | ged#ruckt. Anno. 1545. | Am 16. Junij.
%Size: 140 @ 91 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Q^4 R^6(–R5) S^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 +R4) %Pagination: 73 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1540 04 - b1 A2 ôa : b2 S2 gen %Preface: none %Music: `Kyrie fons bonitatis" in Latin and German with Gloria incipits (B1^b–B3^b), Latin and German Credo incipits (F4^b), German and Latin Prefaces for ordinary use, Christmas, Epiphany, Annunciation, Good Friday, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity and apostles' days (G3^a–L4^a), Our Father #1 (N1^b–N2^a), Verba #1 (N2^b–N3^b), `Christe du Lam Gades" (N4^a), `Erholdt vns Her" (Q4^a–A4^b), `Letemur in Christo redemptore" (Q4^b–R2^a)
Saturdays at 2:00 Vespers is rung. The Kerckhere sings a psalm with the Koster with an antiphon, then a hymn "O lux beata" or another d.t., then Magnificat and collect, Benedicamus, "Erholdt vns Here" or "Da pacem domine." If other people are present, a German lesson is read before the Magnificat (f. A2^a). Afterward is confession. (f. A2^b) Mass on Sundays and festivals: confession (f. A3^a) and absolution (f. A3^b), then the Cantor or Scholmester sings the Introit (pure) in Latin, or a German psalm is sung such as "Erbarme dy myner O Here Godt." Introits for various festivals are listed (f. A3^a). In villages a German psalm is sung in place of the Introit. Then the Kyrie (in cities at times in Latin and at times in German). Then the German Kyrie "Ach Vader alder högeste Godt" is sung by the Kerckhere in the villages (to teach it to the people, so the entire church can sing it), and in the cities the choir sings it to the people (so they can learn it, apparently) (f. B1^a). Then in both cities and villages "Allene Gade jn der höge." In cities the German Et in terra may occasionally be sung. Then "De Here sy mit juw" and the collect. (f. B4^a) Then the Prester reads the Epistle in German without singing (f. E2^b). Then in cities the children may occasionally sing an Alleluia (without too many unnecessary notes). A list of Alleluias and sequences follows (f. F2^b). The item for Christmas is interesting: from Christmas to Purification the Sequence "Grates nu[n]e omnes" is sung as follows: where there are organs, "dar sta de Organiste, Grates, Darnha holde he stille, vnnde de Cantor vange an, Galauet systu. Dar na dath ander Versch, Des ewigen Vaders, vnde synge denn, Grates nune ommes [{sic}]. Darna sleyt wedder de Organiste, Grates. De Cantor. Den aller werlt kreys nu besloth. Dat ewyge licht. Grates nunc omnes, Noch thom drüdden mal sla de Organista, Grates. Darnha de Cantor. De söne des Vaders, He ys vp erden kamen arm, Grates, &c. Darna sleyt de Organista, Huic oporte. De Cantor. Dat hefft he alle vns gedan. Huic oportet. Jn den Ostern ock also, De Organista sta, Vicime, De Cantor höue an twe de ersten Versche, Christ lach jn dodes banden. Den dodt. Victime. De Orga[f. F3^b]nista, Agnus redemit. &c. Da Cantor, two düdesche Versche. Mors et vita. De Organista, Dic nobis Maria. De Cantor, two düdesche Versche, Angelicos testes. De Organiste, Credendu[m] est magis. De Cantor, Dat eine lateste düdesche Versch, Wy ethen vnde leuen woll. Scimus Christum surrexisse, &c." (f. F3^a–F3^b) In the villages a German psalm is sung, and in the cities it may be (list given). Then the Gospel is read (f. F4^a), slowly and clearly. Then the Credo is sung in German or Latin. Then the church sings "Wy gelonen." Then the sermon (f. F4^b): Vater Unser, Gospel, sermon (f. G1^a). In the cities when catechism will be held in the afternoon, the Pastor begins a brief psalm after the sermon, one that the people can sing (f. G1^b). In the villages the catechism is read to the people, then a catechism hymn is sung. Then in the cities he sings a Latin or German preface; in the villages a German one, except on festivals (f. S2^a). In the cities the Latin Sanctus is sung, at times "Esaia dem Propheten"; in the villages "Esaia" or "Hillich ys Godt de Vader" is sung. (f. L4^a) Then the exhortation is read (f. L4^b). Then the Vater Unser is sung and the Verba, with the Elevation (f. N1^a). Then "Jesus Christus" or "Godt sy gelauet" or "Ich danck" is sung.
Mecklenburg 1552 (Wittenberg, 1552) s [7/27/93] - official
Kirchenordnung: Wie es mit Christlicher Lere... Im Hertzogthumb zu Meckelnburg etc. gehalten wird. Cited in Graff 1:44. The copy Wolfenbüttel: Tk 51 has a title page and verso pasted onto the rest of the order; the original title page is evidently missing. This title page is evidently incorrect, as the title Sehling gives is "Kirchenordnung, so in unsern, Johan Albrechts, von gottes gnaden herzogen zu Meckelnburg, fürsten zu Wenden, graven zu Swerin, der lande Rostock und Stargard herrn, fürstenthumen und landen sol gehalten werden. Graff: dependent especially on the order of Herzog Heinrich of 1539 and on the Wittenberg Reformation. Very influential.
K\irch\\enordnung\: | W\ie es mit Chriôtlicher Lere/ | reichung der Sacrament/ Ordination der | Diener des Euangelij/ ordenlichen Ce= | remonien/ in den Kirchen/ Viôitati= | on/ Conôiôtorio vnd Schulen/ | J\m H\ertzogthumb zu M\eckeln= | burg etc. gehalten wird. | [coat of arms, 70 @ 70 mm.] | W\itteberg. | 1552. || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu W\itteberg/ | durch Hans Lufft. | Jm jar. 1552. %Size: 138 @ 91 mm. (A1^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4 a–l^4; $1–4 signed (–A1 l4) %Pagination: 136 leaves: ff. {1} 2–136
%Fingerprint: 1552 04 - b1 A2 fur$ : b2 l3 eibl %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Latin Credo (X1^b–X3^b), Our Father #1 (X4^b–Y1^a), Verba #1 (Y1^a–Y2^a), 7 Latin Prefaces (a3^b–c1^b)
Saturdays in cities with schools: Vespers rung at the usual time, then 1–3 psalms by the scholars with antiphon, then a pure responsory or hymn, then a boy reads a Latin lesson, another reads it in German, then the Magnificat is sung at times in Latin and at times in German, with antiphon, then the Priester reads a collect, and the Chor ends with the Benedicamus domino or "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verley vns friede." Then confession.
Sunday Matins: the scholars sing 1–3 psalms with the antiphon. (f. V3^b), then as above with the lessons, then the Benedictus is sung in Latin or German (occasionally the Te Deum in German or Latin), closing with the antiphon and collect.
Mass or Communion: Begun with the public confession and absolution (exactly as in Pfalz- Zweibrücken). Then the Chor sings the Introit, then the Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra or Allein Gott, then "Dominus uobiscum" or "Der Herr..." and the Chorus "Et cum spiritu tuo" or "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then the Priester reads the Collect in German, the people saying Amen. (f. X1^a) Then he reads the Epistle, then a Sequence or other spiritual song, then the Gospel, then "Credo in unum Deum" with the Chor singing "Patrem..." (f. X1^b) Then the congregation sings "Wir gleuben...." Then the sermon, before which the Gospel is read again. Then the exhortation to prayer and thanksgiving (f. X3^b) and that the people should remain in church during the communion. Then those going to communion assemble in the Chor. If there is time the Priester may sing the Preface in German or Latin, beginning with "Dominus uobiscum" or "Der HERR sey mit euch" (see music below, not copied). Then the Sanctus in Latin or "Esaia dem Propheten." (f. X4^a) Then the exhortation, if time permits. Then the Priester sings the Vater Unser and the Verba. (f. X4^b) The Elevation is omitted. During the distribution is sung "Jesus Christus unser Heiland," "Gott sey gelobet," "Agnus Dei," "Esaia dem Propheten," and if there is time Psalm 111: "Jch dancke" and other hymns, and at the end "Christe du lamb Gottes." Then the collect (f. Y2^a) and Benediction. Then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleih vns friede."
When there are no communicants: confession, prayer and absolution, as above. Then 1–2 German Psalms or "Allein Gott in der Höh" or another hymn. Then a collect, then Epistle (f. Y2^b), a Psalm, the Gospel, the Patrem, Wir glauben, the sermon, all as above. Then an exhortation to commune more frequently. (f. Y3^a) Then the Litany or psalms and other German hymns. Then a collect and Benediction. Then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleih vns fried." (f. Y3^b)
Sunday afternoons: at 1:00 the scholars sing 1–2 psalms, or the Ten Commandments, Vater Unser, Christ unser Herr zum Jordan, etc. Then catechism instruction. Then the Magnificat is sung. Then the Prediger speaks the parts of the catechism (without explanation, apparently). Then he explains the section for the day. Then exhortation to prayer. Then "Herr nu lest du deinen Diener," a collect and Benedicamus Domino. (f. Y4^a) In large cities there is another service with sermon on the Epistle at 3:00, with Gesang as in Vespers.
Holy days: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday (f. Y4^b), Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, all with sermon and communion; also the Introit, Sequence and Preface de tempore are sung. The old German hymns are done as follows: Ein Kindelein (Christmas), Christ ist erstanden OR Also heilig ist der Tag (Easter), Nu bitten wir (Pentecost), sung by the Prediger at the start of the sermon with the people. Other festivals: apostles' days, St. John the Baptist, Visitation (f. Z1^a), Michaelis, with morning service with communion, if there are communicants. These are half-day observances, except for Michaelis, when there is also an afternoon service. Assumption is abolished.
Weekdays in the cities: services on Wednesday and Friday with sermon at 7:00 to 8:00 (not longer) (f. Z1^b). Before and after the sermon German hymns are sung, such as "Vater vnser," "Wo Gott der HERR nicht" and "Ein feste Burg," etc. After the sermon the Litany is sung. (f. Z2^a)
Saturdays in the villages: Vespers is rung at 2:00. If the Pfarherr lives in the village he comes to the church and sings with the Custos a German psalm. Then an antiphon, then the hymn "O Lux beata" in German or another hymn according to the time, then the German Magnificat, the collect and the Benedicamus, then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verley vns friede." (f. Z2^b) If men and women come to church (which the Pfarherr should encourage), a German lesson is read, and a German psalm is sung after the Magnificat. (f. Z3^a)
Mass or communion in the villages: exactly as in Pfalz-Zweibrücken 1563, except (1) the lessons are to be read "ohne Noten," so that the words can be understood; (2) the Pfarherr sings "Credo in unum Deum" before the congregation sings the Glaube; (3) after the sermon the Pfarherr begins a psalm, "Es woll vns Gott gnedig sein etc."; (4) the Words of Institution are sung (in the other order the method isn't specified).
Sunday and festival afternoons in the villages: exactly as in Pfalz-Zweibrücken 1563, except that there is no provision to move the confession to a spot after the sermon.
There is no provision for weekday services in the villages.
Mecklenburg 1554 (Wittenberg, 1554) r [7/27/93]
Kirchenordnung: Wie es mit Christlicher Lere... Im Hertzogthumb zu Meckelnburg etc. gehalten wird.
A reprint of the 1552 order with the same page layout.
Mecklenburg 1562 (Frankfurt, 1562) r [7/27/93]
Liber, continens Doctrinam, Administrationem Sacramentorum, Ritus Ecclesiasticos, formam Ordinationis, Consistorii, Visitationis, & Scholarum in ditione Illustr. Principum... D. Johannis Alberti & D. Hulderici, fratrum, Ducum Megapolensium... a Joh. Fredero in latinam linguam conueris.
A translation of the 1552 order into Latin.
Mecklenburg 1572 s [3/9/95] - cloister
Der durchleuchtigen hochgebornen fürsten und herren, herren Johannes Albrechten und herren Ulrichen, gebrüder, herzogen zu Mecklenburg, fürsten zu Wenden, graven zu Schwerin, der lande Rostock und Stargard herren reformation und ordnung der jungfrau clöster, wie es darin mit christlicher lehr, gebrauch des hochwürdigen sacraments, teglich gesungen und an andern christlichen ubungen soll gehalten werden. 1572. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 5:250–62.
Notes from Sehling.
Sermons are held three times a week in the nunnaries, and every day two "lectiones" are held: one at 6:00 A.M. (7:00 in winter) and the other at 2:00 P.M. (3:00 in winter). When they gather in the morning they first pray the Lord's Prayer, then "die Jungfrau" sings "Herr thue meine lippen uf. Ehre sei dem vater und dem sohne und dem heiligen geiste," the Chor responding "Dass mein mund dein lob verkündige. Wie er was im anfang und nun und zu ewigen zeiten." Then a fairly lengthy collect. (p. 257) Then "Lob sei dir herre," except from Easter to Trinity "Halleluja." Then instead of the Invitatory is sung Ps. 95 entire: "Kommet herzu, lass uns dem herrn frolocken und jauchzen...." Then the psalms for the day, which they pray or sing antiphonally seated in their pews across from each other, ending each psalm (and also the canticles ("Lobgesänge") Benedictus, Magnificat, Benedicite, Nunc dimittis) with the Gloria Patri (in German). Then the Jungfrau that began the prayer reads the chapter from the Old Testament assigned for the day. Then "Herr Gott, dich loben wir" is sung (throughout the year, except that during Lent the Benedicite "Gelobet seistu Herr, der Gott unser väter" is sung in place of the Te Deum). Then the second lesson from the New Testament. Then the Benedictus is sung "Gelobet set der herr, der gott Israel"; on the high feasts Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost and Trinity the Athanasian Creed is then sung in German. Then "Kyrie eleison" or "Herre erbarme dich" (3x). Then the Jungfrau leading the prayer speaks the Creed "Ich glaube in gott vater" and the "Vater Unser," the choir responding "Sondern erlöse uns von dem bösen." Then several versicles and responses, then "Verleih uns Frieden" (with the Jungfrau singing the first two lines and the Chor singing the last three), (p. 258) then a versicle, then salutation, then three collects (first d.t., second for peace, third for God's Word), then Benedicamus Domino or Danksagen wir alle.
Vespers: Begun with Vater Unser. Then the Jungfrau says in German (!) "Deus adjutorium meum intende, Gloria patri et filio et s. sancto," the choir responding "Domine ad adjuvandum me festina, Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper et in secula seculorum." Then the psalms, then the first lesson, then the Magnificat, then the second lesson, then the Nunc dimittis, all in German. Then the Kyrie, the Creed, the Ten Commandments, the Vater Unser, then "Ostende nobis domine misericordiam tuam..." with the other suffrages (in German, or in Latin if the women understand it), then three collects. The service should be in German, except that if the women understand Latin the Invitatory, suffrages, Magnificat and Benedictus may at times be in Latin. (p. 259)
A brief morning and afternoon order is also given for the cloister school. (p. 260–61)
Mecklenburg 1602 (Rostock, 1602) s [8/2/93] - official
Revidirte Kirchenordnung... im Hertzogthumb Meckelnburg. Cited in Graff 1:45.
{REVIDIRTE} | K\ÚJ¿rch\\enordnung: | W\ie es mit Chriôtlicher L\ehre/ reichung\ | der Sacrament/ Ordination der Diener des | Euangelij/ ordentlichen Ceremonien in | der Kirchen/ Viôitation/ Conôiôto= | rio vnd Schulen: | J\m H\ertzogthumb Meckeln= | burg/ etc. gehalten wirdt. | [coat of arms, 47 @ 49 mm.] | Roôtock durch Stephan Müllmann gedruckt. | [rule] | {®ANNO M. DCII.¯}
%Size: 142 @ 105 mm. ((:)3^a) %Collation: 4º in 8s: (:)^8 A–2M^8 2N^4; $1–5 signed (–(:)1 K4 2A5 2N4); 2E2 signed 2D2 %Pagination: 292 leaves: ff. [{8}] 1–280 [{4}] (misnumbering 30 as 31, 80 as 73, 224 as 222, 266 as 262)
%Fingerprint: 1602 04 - a1 (:)2 liche$ : a2 (:)5 ôsion - b1 A i : b2 2N1 atu %Preface: `Ulrich von Gottes gnaden Hertzog zu Meckelnburg, Fürst zu Wenden, Graff zu Schwerin, der Lande Rostock vnd Stargardt Herr, etc." ... [undated] %Music: Latin Credo (T8^a–V2^a), Our Father #1 (V3^b–V4^a), Verba #1 (V4^a–V5^a), 7 Latin Prefaces (Z8^b–2A8^b), 7 German Prefaces (2B1^a–2B7^b), German Preface for apostles' days (2B8^a–2B8^b), Latin and German Kyries (2N1^a–2N3^b), Latin and German Gloria incipits (2N4^a)
Saturdays and holy day eves where there are schools: rung at 1:00, the cantor and pupils enter the choir at 2:00 and sing "Veni Sancte Spiritus," then an antiphon and 1–3 psalms, pure responsory and hymn. A boy reads a lesson in Latin, another boy reads it in German. Then the Magnificat in German or Latin with an antiphon. Where there are organs, the organ plays "einen Verá vmb den andern." The Priester sings "Dominus vobiscum" and a collect d.t.; choir closes with "Benedicamus Domino" and "Da pacem Domine." (f. T6^b) Then confession.
Sunday: German psalms sung before the early service, then the Frühpredigt begun, lasting an hour, closing with a German psalm. A catechism lesson is covered. In some places the catechism service is held in the afternoon, but the five chief parts should still be read in the morning service. (f. T7^a)
Sunday Matins and Mass: the scholars sing "Veni sancte spiritus" and a psalm with antiphon, then a boy reads a lesson in Latin and another reads it in German, then the Benedictus is sung in German or Latin, and occasionally also the Te Deum, closing with the Benedicamus. Then the Chor sings the Introit and Kyrie. The Priester sings "Gloria...," the choir sings "Et in terra" or "Allein Gott." "Dominus vobiscum" or "Der HErr..." with answer. Then the collect, with the people answering Amen. (f. T7^b) Then the Priester reads the Epistle in German. Then a Sequence is sung or another spiritual song. Then the Gospel in German. Then "Credo in unum Deum" or "Jch glaube an einen GOtt." The Chor sings the Patrem. (f. T8^a) (usual chant to this is given) Then the entire church sings "Wir gleuben." Then the sermon on the Gospel, which is reread; the sermon lasts about an hour. (f. V2^a) Then the exhortation to thanksgiving and prayer. The Prediger also exhorts the people to remain in church for the communion. So that the service does not become wearisome, the organist should so time his playing so that the sermon can begin on the hour, "vnd zwischen den Psalmen, vnd andern gesengen vor vnd nach der Predigt, nicht zu lange geörgelt werde. Wie er den auch der Prediger anordnunge wegen der gesenge, billigen gehorsam leisten, vnd in schlagen allezeit sich der Psalmen, guten Choral gesangs, vnd Muteten befleissigen, vnd aller leichtfertigkeit, vnd Weltlicher Lieder enthalten sol, [f. V3^a] Damit der Gottesdienst nicht verunheiliget, sondern gezieret vnd vermeret, vnd die hertzen der Leute zu lobe vnd preise Gottes hiedurch erwecket werden mügen." (f. V2^b–V3^a) After the sermon a German psalm is sung d.f. or on the Gospel, during which those communing come to the altar and kneel, the men on one side and the women on the other. If there is time, the Priester sings the Preface in German or Latin, beginning with "Dominus vobiscum" or "Der HErr sey mit euch." Then the Sanctus in Latin or Esaia in German. If there is time, the Priester may read an exhortation. (f. V3^a). Then he sings the Vater Unser and Verba (f. V3^b). During the communion is sung "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland," "Gott sey gelobet," "Agnus Dei," "Esaia dem Propheten"; and if there are many communicants, "Jch dancke dem HErrn von gantzem hertzen" (f. V5^a) or other German hymns. The Litany may also be sung occasionally during communion, or "O Lamb Gottes," ending with "Christe du Lamb Gottes." Then "WJr dancken dir" (f. V5^b) and the Benediction. Then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleihe vns friede" or "Ehre sey dem Vater vnd dem Son."
Sundays and festivals when there are no communicants: "Veni Sancte Spiritus" or "Kom heiliger Geist" is sung, then 1–2 other German psalms, then the Kyrie and Gloria or "Allein Gott" or another spiritual song. Then the collect, Epistle, a Psalm, Gospel, Patrem, Wir gleuben (f. V6^a), sermon and prayers, as above, then an exhortation to commune more often (f. V6^b), then the Litany is sung or etzliche Psalmen and other German hymns, then the Priester reads a collect, then the Benediction. (f. V7^a) Then "Erhalt vnd Herr" and "Verleihe vns friede." Or "Ehr sey dem Vater vnd dem Son."
Sundays and high feasts in the cities in the afternoon: at 1:00 the scholars sing 1–2 psalms or the Ten Commandments or Vater Unser or Christ vnser Herr zum Jordan kam, etc. Then the catechism instruction. Then the Magnificat is sung. Then the Prediger reads the five chief parts. (f. V7^b) Then an explanation ("Erklerung") of one of them. Then the prayers at the end of the sermon. Then "HErr nu lest du deinen Diener" is sung, then a collect and the Benedicamus Domino. In large cities the Epistle is preached on at 3:00. The Gesang is done as in Vespers. (f. V8^a) Holy days: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (if it falls in Holy Week or Easter, it is observed on Palm Sunday), Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, all as on ordinary Sundays, except that the Introit, Sequence and Preface de tempore are sung. In Lent "Domine non secundum" may be sung instead of the Sequence. With a German Psalm: Erbarm dich mein, etc. "Ein Kindelein" (Xmas), "Christ ist erstanden," "Also heilig" (Easter), "Nu bitten wir" (Pentecost) are sung on those days by the Prediger with the people at the start of the sermon. (f. V8^b–X1^a) Other days: St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis (f. X1^b), apostles' days (half day only, observed as Bettage, with the Litany sung), Assumption is abolished. It is also not necessary to observe the other ancient Marien festivals, which are not recorded in Scripture. (f. X2^a)
Weekdays in cities: sermons at least on Wednesdays and Fridays at 7:00 (to 8:00 only) (f. X2^b). The lessons for scriptural festivals not otherwise observed (Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene, Beheading of St. John, etc.) may be read and preached on on the nearest day on which there is a sermon. German hymns are sung before and after the sermon, such as "Vater Unser," "Wo Gott der HErr," "Ein feste Burg," etc. After the sermon the Litany "nach gelegenheit der zeit" is sung. (f. X3^a) The regular weekly sermons should not be omitted even if holy days are observed on other days during the week.
Saturdays in the villages: rung at 2:00. If the Pfarherr lives in the village, he comes to church and sings a Psalm with the Custos in German. Then an antiphon and "O lux beata Trinitas" in German or another good hymn and the collect. Then the Benedicamus, Erhalt vns Herr and Verleih vns friede. (f. X3^b) If there are people in church (which the Pfarherr should encourage), a lesson from the Old or New Testament is read, then the Magnificat, then a Psalm in German. Then confession. (f. X4^a)
Mass or Communion in the villages: a German psalm is sung in place of the Introit. Then the German Kyrie, Allein Gott in der Höh, "Der HErr sey mit euch" (the Custus answers "Vnd mit deinem Geist"), Collect, Epistle in German (read, not sung, so that the church can understand the words) (f. X5^a), German psalm, Gospel (read, not sung), "Credo in unum DEum" or "Jch gleube an einen Gott" (sung, church sings "Wir gleuben"), sermon on the Gospel, common prayer, exhortation to remain for communion. After the sermon the Pfarherr begins to sing a psalm from the Cantzel: "Es wol vns Gott gnedig sein" or another appropriate [psalm]. Then the Pfarherr sings the Vater vnser and Verba at the altar, according to the melody above. The people commune during "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland" (f. X5^b), plus "Gott sey gelobet," "Jch dancke dem Herrn," and finally "O Lamb Gottes" or "Christ du Lamb Gottes" if needed. Then Wir dancken dir and Benediction. Then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleih vns friede." If there are no communicants, the service is the same through the sermon. After the sermon, only the Litany is sung. (f. X6^a)
Sunday and holy day afternoons in the villages: before and after the catechism instruction is sung "Diá sind die heiligen zehen Gebot," "Vater vnser" or whatever psalm pertains to the part of the catechism to be covered in the sermon. If an afternoon service cannot be held, the preacher reads a part of the catechism before or after the sermon Sunday mornings. (f. X6^b)
The pastors should exhort their listeners that they should sing along on the psalms: "So sollen auch die Pastores jre Zuhörer vermanen, das sie die Psalmen in der öffentlichen versamlung mit singen, Gott zu lob vnd ehren, vnd jnen selbst zu trost, erquickung, vnd besserung. Vnd dieweil an vielen örtern auff den Dörffern, die Leute weinig [{sic}], oder bey weilen wol gar keine Psalmen wissen vnd singen können, etliche aber auch wol des groben vnuerstandes sein, Als wenn nur allein dem Pastorn vnd Custer amptshalben zusingen gebüre, so sollen die Pastores sie recht hieuon vnterrichten, vnd mit fleiá dazu anhalten vnd gewenen, das sie etliche gewönliche Psalmen lernen vnd mitsingen, nach gelegenheit der zeit vnd Feste. (f. X7^b) A table of recommended psalms for the year follows on the next few pages.
Mecklenburg 1650 (Lüneburg, 1650) s [8/18/93] - official
Revidirte Kirchenordnung... Jm Hertzogthumb Mecklenburg. Cited in Graff 1:45.
[Engraved title page within a compartment: at the top a preaching scene, a coat of arms, a confession; at the sides, two portraits; below, communion, either confirmation or ordination, and baptism; 166 @ 122 mm. enclosing 77 @ 48 mm.] | {RÚEVIDIRTE¿} | Kirchenordnung | Wie es mit Chriôtlicher Lehre/ | Reichung de#r Sacrament/ | {Ordination} der Diener des | Euangelij/ Ordentlicher | {Ceremonien} in der | Kirchen/ {Viôitation} | {Conôiôtorio} u~d | Schulen: | Jm Hertzogthumb Mech= | lenburg {etc.} gehalten wirdt. | {LÚÜNEBURG¿}/ | {®Be#y Martin Lamprecht.¯} || [Printed title page on the following leaf] {REVIDIRTE} | K\irch\\en=O\rdnu\ng: | W\ie es mit Ch\riôtlich\\er L\eh\re/ | Reichung der Sacramenten/ Ordination der | Diener des Evangelij/ ordentlichen Ceremonien in | der Kirchen/ Viôitation/ Conôiôtorio | und Schulen: | Jm Hertzogthumb Mecklenburg/ etc. | gehalten wirdt. | [emblem, 42 @ 44 mm.] | Lüneburg/ | [rule] | Jn Verlegung Martin Lamprechts. | Jm Jahr J. DC. L.
%Size: 154 @ 115 mm. ()?(3^a) %Collation: 4º in 8s: ã1, )?(^4, 2)?(^4, A–2M^8 2N^4, ^2A–C^8, ^2D^2; $1–5 signed (–)?(1,3–4 2)?(3–4 B4 K4 M4 2N4 ^2A4–5 ^2B2,5 ^2C4–5 ^2D2; L3 )5 ^2A1–2 signed roman; V1 2A1–5 2N1–2 signed italic; T5 signed S5, V5 signed D5, 2N3 signed N3 %Pagination: 323 leaves: ff. [{9}] 1–284 [{26}] (misnumbering 24 as 10, 234 as 243, 240 as 204)
%Fingerprint: 1650 04 - a1 )?(2 $und$ : a2 2)?(2 ächtiglic - b1 A ri : b2 2N m$ - c1 A d$ : c2 D al %Preface: `Von Gottes Gnaden, Adolph Friederich Hertzog zu Mecklenburg, Fürst zu Wenden, Schwerihn und Ratzeburgk, auch Graff zu Schwerihn. Der Lande Rostock und Stargardt Herr" ... [undated] ... `Vlrich von GOttes Gnaden, Hertzog zu Mecklenburg, Fürst zu Wenden, Graff zu Schwerihn, der Lande Rostock und Stargardt Herr, &c." ... [undated] %Music: Latin Credo (T8^a–V2^a), Our Father #1 (V3^b–V4^a), Verba #1 (V4^a–V5^a), Latin Prefaces (Z8^b–2A8^b), German Prefaces (2B1^a–2B8^b), Latin and German Kyrie hymns (2N1^a–2N3^b), Latin and German Gloria incipits (2N4^a)
A reprint of the 1602 order with the same page layout.
Mecklenburg 1708 (Schwerin, 1708) s [8/4/93] - official
Erläuterung der Fürstl. Mecklenburgschen Kirchen-Ordnung wie derselben u.s.w. in dem gantzen Lande Mecklenburg und allen darinn befindlichen Kirchen und Schulen nachgelebet werden soll. Cited in Graff 1:45. See {Aufrichtige Erwegung} (1709) for an explanation of the changes made in the order. Graff: one definitely notices the new trends of the time in the ordinances of this order.
E\rläuterung/ | D\er F\ürôtl. M\ecklenburgôchen | K\irchen=O\rdnung/ | Wie derôelben/ | Jnôonderheit in nachgeôetzten {®Capitibus,¯} als: | {I.} | Von der L\ehre und C\atechiámus=U\bung. | {II.} | Von den öffentlichen K\irch=Z\eiten und | Gottesdienôt. | {III.} | Von {Specialer} V\erwaltung der P\rieôterli= | chen K\irchen=V\errichtungen. | {IV.} | Von K\irchen/ P\farren/ S\chulen/ A\r= | men=H\äuôern und K\irchen=Gütern/ | und | {V.} | Von B\eforderung Ch\riôtlicher {Devotion,} | und thätigen C\hriôtenthums. | Jn dem gantzen Lande Mecklenburg/ und allen dar= | inn befindlichen Kirchen und Schulen/ in geziemender | Gleichförmigkeit/ {ƒ dato Publicationis,} von Jedermän= | niglich {ôtrictŠ} nachgelebet werden ôoll. | [rule] | Schwerin/ gedruckt bey Johann Lembken/ Hoff=Buchdr. | {Anno 1708.}
%Size: 135 @ 116 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: ã1, A–K^4 L^2, a–d^4 e^4(ñe1); $1–3 signed (–L2 b1) %Pagination: 63 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1708 04 - 1b1 A M : 1b2 L $ - 2b1 a e : 2b2 e3 e %Preface: `VOn GOttes Gnaden, Friedrich Wilhelm, Hertzog zu Mecklenburg, Fürst zu Menden, Schwerin und Ratzeburg, auch Graff zu Schwerin, der Lande Rostock und Stargard HERR." ... `So geschehen und gegeben auff Unser Vestung Schwerin en 2. Januar. Anno 1708." %Music: none
Not an entirely new order, but rather a list of changes to the existing order. Pages from the church order are cited in the margins.
Saturday and festival eves: Vespers rung at 1:00 in cities and villages, rung again at 2:00 in the villages. In the cities the cantor or preceptor with the scholars holds the usual order at 1:00; but so that the congregation stays awake ("daá zur Auffmunterung der Gemeine") a Prediger reads the exhortation to confession (found on f. a1^a–a4^b — 8 pages long!) from a spot near the congregation, followed by a penitential collect, as is already the practice in Rostock, Güstrow and Grabow. He reads no further lesson or sermon, but rather a boy reads the Epistle and Gospel (f. B4^a) between the hymns and organ playing ("zwischen den Gesängen und Orgel-geläut"). If there are many in the congregation, the people living in the country should be allowed to go to confession before those living in the city, or they should be able to come on Saturday morning.
In the villages: the Pastor and Küster come to the church with the Dorff-Knaben after 1:00. If there are people desiring confession there, after the first hymn the exhortation to confession with the collect is read and a Beicht-Examen in the shortest form possible is held. (f. B4^b) At 2:00 the Küster rings the bell again, at which time confession and absolution are held, individually if possible (f. C1^a). The sign of the cross may be omitted in the absolution (f. C2^b).
Early sermons in the cities: held as always, but the singing should start at 5:00 if possible so that the sermon may begin at 5:30 (f. C3^b).
High mass: the time remains the same in the cities, but in the villages is held at 8:00 in the summer and 9:00 in the winter (f. C4^a). Latin hymns are not to be used at the beginning, but only German ones, in particular: "Komm heiliger Geist," "Herr GOtt dich loben wir" or a morning hymn. Then the Kyrie and so on as in the KO. The Gloria and Credo remain, since they are so familiar, although the Prediger should occasionally explain what they mean. Besides this, it is sufficient to sing "Der HErr sey mit Euch" and the response only once.
In the afternoon, "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" or "HErr JEsu CHrist dich zu uns wend" should be sung before or after the sermon (f. C4^b), "zu mehrer Erwekkung der Andacht, in der Gemeine" and the usual brief Fest-Gesänge intoned before the reading of the Gospel. The Vater Unser should be prayed by the Prediger "laut, langsahm und beweglich" with the people kneeling "zu Erweisung ihrer devotion und Demuht für dem Hohen GOtt." The people stand for all readings and for the Blessing. No "ordinaire" Predigt shall last more than an hour. (f. D1^a) After the sermon the general prayer (see Appendix B) is read and may not be omitted without good cause. The special intercessions follow (f. D1^b), before which the Prediger collects prayer requests from the congregation ("...soll die Gemeine kurtz ermahnet werden, Jhr Gebet und Vorbitte mit dem Prediger hertzlich und treulich zu vereinigen; wie denn auch darin eine andächtige und bewegliche Bet-ahrt von allen vernünfftigen Predigern zu observiren bleibet.") (f. D2^a). Then the confession and absolution (see Appendix C: quite conservative, with the pastor forgiving sins "an statt und auf Befehl meines HErrn JESU CHristi") (f. D2^b). During the singing of the Vater Unser and Verba those communing should kneel, although they may remain in the pew with the rest of the congregation if circumstances, such as advanced pregnancy, prevent them from kneeling. (f. D3^a) Before the consecration the Prediger reads the exhortation (see Appendix D) if there is time. On high feasts the German Prefaces may be sung. The congregation should not sing along with the consecration. The Mass vestments, because they are no longer available in most places, should for the sake of Christian liberty and better conformity not be worn. (f. D3^b) In the larger cities communion may be held on weekdays after the service, but in smaller cities and villages once a week should be sufficient, since the congregation is not so large (f. E1^a).
Sunday afternoons: the same in the cities; in Filiale villages catechism instruction is held alternating weeks with the principal church (f. E1^b). The service is opened as in the church order and closed with a Collect and Blessing, then either "Nun Gott lob! es ist vollbracht," "Nun dancket alle GOTT" or "Sey Lob und Ehr mit hohem Preiá" is sung. (f. E2^a)
Holy days: Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Oblation (i.e., Purification or Presentation), Conception (i.e., Annunciation), Passion (i.e., Good Friday), Easter, Ascension, (f. E3^a), Pentecost, Trinity; also Johannis-Tag, Visitation and Michaelis. Communion is held on all these days, except that communion is held only on the first day of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost (each is 3 days). Maundy Thursday is a half day. (f. E3^b) The Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene and the Beheading of St. John are not observed, although their lesson may be read on the nearest weekday in the cities and on the previous Sunday in the villages. (f. E4^a)
Weekdays in the cites: at least Wednesday and Friday at 7:00 (summer) or 8:00 (winter) in the larger cities, one hour only; in the smaller cities at least on Wednesday sermons are held. (f. E4^b) Bet-Stunden remain as usual, without sermon. The Litany is read from the pulpit in all places, and "an den grosen Buá-Tagen" it is sung in unison; the schoolchildren kneel at the final words "O du GOttes Lamm," although the Pastor remains standing. The Fast- Buá- and Bet-Tage remain on Fridays (f. F1^a) four times a year. They begin with the Pastor kneeling and praying "Nimm von uns HERR GOtt, all Unser Sünd" or "Christ du Lamm GOttes" before the altar (f. F1^b), and ending with the Buá-Collect and Blessing. In cities a sermon is held in the afternoon, and in villages a Bet-Stunde (f. F2^a).
Concerning singing in the church: "Wie das Gesänge in der Kirche in der Prediger Einrichtung ordentlich bleibet, so soll es auch von den Cantoribus und Vorsängern mit einer temperirten Langsamkeit geschehen, das Orgelwerck andächtiglich gesäáiget, und zu den Gesängen eingeschlagen, auch die concentus artificiosi nicht alzusehr verkünstelt, sondern zu mehrer Erbauung dahin eingerichtet werden, daá es verständlich sey. Die Zeit der Communion soll auch mehr mit andächtigen Gesängen, als mit auáschweiffenden Orgelrühren verbracht werden, und sollen die woleingerichtete Neue Kirchen-Gesänge mit den geistreichen Alten gebrauchet, und zu dem Ende theils von den Cantoribus, theils von den Küstern auff Taffeln angezeichnet werden, [f. K4^b] daá die Gemeine sie auffschlagen könne. So sollen auch die einmahl angefangene Gesänge nicht in der Mitte abgerisen, sondern vielmehr mit Zusammenhaltung der Andacht zu Ende gesungen werden." (f. K4^a–K4^b)
Fines (20 Reichsthaler) are instituted for making unnecessary noise and for coming and going during the service. (f. K4^b)
Graff says "one definitely notices the new trends of the time in the ordinances of this order," but this is far from rationalistic (look at the absolution, for instance).
Minden 1530 ([Lübeck], 1530)
Krage, Nicolaus. Christlike Ordeninge der Erlyken Stadt Mynden... dorch Nicolaum Mrazen [Mragen?]. Brandhorst 1991: influenced by Braunschweig 1528.
Richter does not reprint enough of this order to get a good feel for it.
Mölln 1531 s- [3/11/95]
Cited in Graff 1:31. Graff: based on Lübeck; the Lübeck KO was also used until 1683, when the city returned to Lauenburg. REPRINT: Richter 1:151–52; Sehling 5:381.
No agenda.
Nassau 1713 (Itzstein, 1713) s [9/14/93] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es mit der Christlichen Lehre, und Ceremonien, &c. in Unsern Ludewigs, Grafens zu Nassau, zu Sarbrücken und zu Sarwerden:... Grafe- und Herrschafften gehalten wird. Anfänglich gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mäyn... 1618 und nun zum vierdten mal neu auffgelegt. Cited in Graff 1:37. The Urbana copy has a leaf containing the benediction inserted between 2E1 and 2E2. The Urbana catalog classifies this with the Hessen orders.
K\irchen=O\rdnung/ | Wie es | M\it der C\hriôtlich\\en L\ehre/ | Und {CEREMONIEN, &c.} | J\n V\nôern/ | [ornamented rule extending over the lowercased portion of the next line] | L\u\dewigs\/ | G\rafens zu N\aôôau/ zu | S\arbrücken/ und zu S\arwerden: | H\errn zu L\ahr/ W\ieábaden und | J\etzôtein/ #&c. | G\rafe= und H\errôchafften gehalten wird. | Anfänglich gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mäyn/ | Bey Johann Nicolao Stoltzenbergern/ {Anno M. DC. XVIII.} | und nun zum vierdten mal neu auffgelegt. | Sammt angefügter | Fürôtl. Naôôau=Jtzôteiniôcher | {SYNODAL-}V\erordnung. | [rule] | Jtzôtein/ Druckts Erdmann Andreas Lyce/ Fürôtl. Hoff=Buchdr. | {Anno M.DCC.XIII.}
%Size: 152 @ 117 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2D^4 2E^2; $1–3 signed (–A1); E1, E3 signed D1, D3 %Pagination: 110 leaves: pp. [{1–12}] {1} 2–208 %Fingerprint: 1713 04 - b1 A2 ALm : b2 2E2 ng$de %Preface: `WJR LVDwig, Graffe zu Nassau, zu Sarbrücken, und zu Sarwerden, Herr zu Lahr Wieábaden und Jetzstein, &c." ... `Signatum Sarbrücken, den 23. Octobris, im Jahr nach der seeligmachenden Geburt unsers HERRN, ein tausend, sechs hundert, und siebenzehen." %Music: none Holy days: Christmas (2 days), Circumcision or New Year's, Epiphany, Purification (p. 3), Annunciation, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity. Half-day festivals: 3rd day of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost, Visitation, John the Baptist, Michaelis, apostles' days. (p. 4) Bettage are observed each month. In cities Vespers is held each Saturday. (p. 5)
All singing and prayers are to be in German, except that places with Latin schools may have Latin figural music performed before and after the sermon (p. 6) The service before the sermon on Sundays and festivals should last "anderthalb viertheil... Stund," and during the week a quarter hour ("ein viertheil Stund"). The people should be exhorted as often as the opportunity arises to learn the parts of the liturgy and hymns sung by the congregation ("die gebräuchlichen Kirchen-Gesang") and to sing along. In the service, for the Introit and entrance "Komm heiliger Geist" is sung; on Sundays and full festivals "Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist" is sung after the Epistle (this may be in alternation with the Glaube). There is a confession before the sermon. (p. 7) The catechism is treated in the midday sermon (p. 12). Sermons are held once or twice during the week, depending on how many Kirchendiener are available. Sunday and festival sermons should last 45 minutes, but not more than an hour, weekday sermons not more than 45 minutes, and catechism sermons not more than a half hour. (p. 13).
Saturday Vespers: at 2:00 or 3:00. Begun with a brief hymn, then a lesson (a chapter from the Bible with an explanation), the foregoing not to last more than a half hour, or at most 45 minutes, then "Verleih uns Frieden," a collect (p. 15), Vatter Unser and Benediction (p. 17).
Bettage: held monthly on Fridays. Begun with a penitential hymn or psalm or the Vatter Unser (hymn version) (p. 19), then sermon, exhortation to penitence and confession, Litany, prayer "HErr handele nicht mit uns nach unseren Sünden," Lord's Prayer and brief hymn. (p. 20)
Communion: on days when communion is offered there is a service the previous day at 2:00 or 3:00. After a hymn comes a discourse on penitence and communion (not more than half an hour), then confession (p. 117), prayer and blessing (p. 120). Those requiring individual instruction remain. The following day there is an exhortation and confession after the sermon (p. 121), then the Vatter Unser and Verba (p. 125). During the distribution the congregation may sing "Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein," "Als Jesus Christus unser Herr," "Jesus Christus unser Heyland," and finally "Gott sey gelobet und gebenedeyet." Then "WJr dancken dir" (p. 127), and the Benediction (p. 128).
Naumburg 1527 s [3/24/95] - parish
[Order for St. Wenzel in Naumburg]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:59–60.
Notes from Sehling.
Mass for Sundays and festivals: "Alma redemptoris mater" is sung, then Introit in Latin, Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra (as customary), Collect, Epistle in Latin, Alleluia or Gradual with Sequence d.t. or d.f., then the Prister sings the Gospel in Latin, then "Credo in unum deum" (p. 59), then the entire church sings "Wir gleuben." Then is sung "Nuhe bitten wir den heiligen geist." (Reference is given to Wackernagel III:28, st. 1. Then follows without explanation:) "Herre Christ, gottes son, durch deiner marter willen, so bedenk aller christenheit not, denn du uns lieber herr an dem creuze hast erlost. Kirieleis." (Apparently another stanza of Nun bitten wir? But it doesn't fit the meter!) Then the Prediger reads the Gospel from the pulpit and preaches the sermon, then he prays the Vater Unser, then the exhortation to prayer for all sorts and conditions, then while the people are kneeling the confession and absolution. Then the entire church sings the psalm "Deus misereatur nostri" in German as "Es wolt uns got genedig sein." Then "Dominus vobiscum" as usual, the choir answering "Et cum spiritu suo" [{sic}], then in place of the Offertory the entire church sings the psalm "De profundis clamavi" in German as "Aus tiefer not." During this the Prister proceeds to the altar, then the Chor begins to sing the Sanctus [entire Latin text is given, with Benedictus]. Then the entire church sings "Jesus Christus unser Heiland." After and during this ("Hirnach und under des") the Prister continues with the mass through the "Dominus vobiscum," with which and with the choir's answer "Et cum spiritu suo" the mass is ended. During the entire mass ("ampt der messen") the priest sings nothing in German, but everything in Latin. The German Gesenge and Psalmen are sung only on Sundays and holy days on which there is a sermon, but on other days the mass is held completely in Latin, as previously. Dated "Sonnabend den tag des lieben aposteln Sanct Thomas anno domini 1527." (p. 60)
Naumburg [1538] s [3/30/95] - official
Medler, Nicolaus. [Order for St. Wenzel in Naumburg]. Cited in O. Albrecht, `Bemerkungen zu Medlers Naumburger Kirchenordnung vom Jahre 1537," {Neue Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiet historisch- antiquarischer Forschungen} 19 (1898): 570–636. Manuscript, dated 1 May 1537, but actually 1538 (see Sehling 2:55). REPRINT: Dr. Köster, `Die Naumburger Kirchen- und Schulordnung von D. Nicolaus Medler aus dem Jahre 1537," {Neue Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiet historisch-antiquarischer Forschungen,} 19 (1898): 497–569, also appendix pp. 1–32; Sehling 2:61–90.
%Music: Komm heiliger Geist Herre Gott, "Kyrie summum" (Kyrie, Gott vater in ewigkeit), "Kyrie Paschale" (O Herre Gott vater in ewigkeitt), "Kyrie Magne Deus" (O vater almechtiger gott), Gloria, All ehr und Lob sol gottes sein, Nun bitten wir, Wir gleuben, Jesaia dem Propheten, Our Father #4, Verba #2, Jesus Christus unser Heiland, Gott sei gelobet, "De Sancta Trinitate introitus," Gott der Vater wohn vns bey
Notes from Köster: The title page shows Medler, superintendent in Naumburg, as author, with approval given to the order by Luther, Jonas and Melanchthon. (p. 497)
Notes from Sehling:
Early sermon on Feiertagen in place of mass: (1) a German psalm d.t. or "Kom heiliger Geist" and "Nun bitten wir" on alternating Sundays, (2) then a sermon to the domestic servants from the catechism of Luther, (3) then the German Te deum is sung or the Benedictus on alternating Fridays, (4) then the Priester reads the collect, concluding with the Benedicamus. On festivals (Festen) (1) a Latin psalm is sung with the antiphon d.f.; (2) then a responsory (on Christmas three lessons and three responsories: Isaiah 9 - Puer natus; Gospel of John; Liber generationis; (3) sermon d.f. (Christmas: Luke 2; Easter: last chapter of Mark; Pentecost: Acts 2); (4) German Te Deum is sung; (5) Collect and Benedicamus.
Tag Ampt with communion: (1) on alternating Sundays is sung "Kom heiliger geist," "Erbarm dich mein," "Aus tiefer noth"; on high festivals "singt man in mensuris" (Christmas: "Puer natus" or "Dies est laetitiae"; Palm Sunday: "Gloria, laus et honor"; Easter: "Salve festa dies"; Pentecost: Introitum de sancto spiritu; Trinitatis: Introitum de trinitate; Annunciation: "Haec est dies"); (2) Exhortation to common prayer, confession and absolution; (3) Kyrie in German "nach gelegenheit der zeit" threefold, as "Paschale Fons bonitatis Magnus deus"; (4) German Et in terra of Luther; (5) Collect d.t.; (6) Epistle; (7) German psalm d.t. or related to the Gospel; when there is mensural singing the cantor may replace the Et in terra and the psalm after the Epistle, and at times when there is a good Introit the Kom heiliger geist, with a Latin motet ("wenn man mensur singet, mag der cantor wol bisweilen vor das et in terra etc. item für dem psalm, so man nach der epistel singet, eine gute lateinische muteten und bisweilen, wan ein schöner introitus ist, denselben vor das Kom heiliger geist singen.") (p. 71) (8) Gospel; (9) Glaube in German, all three stanzas; (10) "Nun bitten wir," two stanzas; (11) sermon on the Gospel; (12) a brief psalm d.t., or "Vorleih uns frieden," "Es wolt uns got gnedig sein," the last three stanzas of "Nun bitten wir," and the other high feasts d.t., ditto "Behalt uns herr bei deinem wort," the last six stanzas of the Vater Unser if the first three were sung before the sermon; (13) exhortation to the communicants; (14) Sanctus from Isaiah; (15) Priester sings the Vater Unser; (16) then the words of communion; (17) then the choir sings "Jesus Christus" or "Gott sei gelobet" while the people commune, and if there are many communicants at times also a German Agnus Dei or the psalm "Danket dem herrn dan er ist freundlich" or "Mit fried und freud," or a verse or two from the Latin hymn "Pange lingua gloriosi corporis misterium"; (18) the Priester sings the collect; (19) ending with Blessing from Numbers 6.
Vespers: (1) the Te Deum in German is sung, or another hymn or psalm d.t.; (2) two boys read a chapter from Paul, one in German and the other in Latin; (3) a boy recites from memory the five chief parts of the catechism; (4) two stanzas of "Nun bitten wir" are sung; (5) the sermon, in alternating years on the catechism and the Sunday Epistles; (6) the Magnificat with its antiphon "Christus unser heiland" or another brief Gesang d.t. is sung "und haben zue diesem mal drei ton sextum, septimum et peregrinum"; (7) ending with the collects and Benedicamus. All Gesang is in German when the people are gathered, with choirs alternating; that is, with the school choir singing one stanza and the people the next (the people having their own cantor). If the organ is played there are three choirs, the organ always beginning, except in the Et in terra, when the boys begin, then the organ, then the Chor, then the people. When the girls also sing there are four choirs, and the three choirs sing all stanzas of the German Gesang, alternating, with the organist playing "ad tonum." ("Und solche gesang alle die deuzsch sein, wen das volk versamlet ist, werden ein chor umb den andern gesungen, also der schüler chor ein gesetz singet und anhebt, darnach das volk den andern chor helt, welches auch seinen eigenen cantorem hat. Wan man aber orgel schlegt, werden drei chor gehalten, und hebt die orgel alwegen an, ausgenommen zum et in terra heben die knaben an und darnach die orgel, darauf der chor und dan das volk. Wan aber auch die jungfrauen zu chor singen, so werden vier chor gehalten, und singen die drei chor alle gesetz der deuzschen geseng, einen vers umb den andern, und schlegt der organist ad tonum darein.")
Frue ampt on weekdays: first a German psalm is sung d.t. or d.f. as follows: Feria 2 - Ach gott vom himmel; Feria 3 - Es spricht der unweisen; Feria 4 - Wo gott zum haus; Feria 5 - Wo gott der herr; Feria 6 - Erbarm dich mein; Feria 7 - Ein feste burg. Then an entire chapter is read from the Old and New Testaments in biblical order and a point from the reading is briefly explained, and the people are exhorted to common prayer. Then the Gesang of Zechariah or the Da Pacem is sung in German (alternating days), or another brief Gesang d.t. (Christmas, Dank sagen wir alle; Easter, Jesus Christus unser Heiland; Pentecost, Nun bitten wir). Then the Collects and Benedicamus or the Blessing from Numbers 6.
Tagampt, when there is no sermon (Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday): (1) a psalm is sung with the antiphon; (2) two boys read a chapter or a part of one from the four gospels and Acts, one boy reading in Latin, the other in German. Then is sung: Benedictus (Monday); Quicunque vult (half on alternating Wednesdays); Nicene Creed (Friday); Te deum (Saturday) (p. 72). On Fridays the Litany may be sung if desired, but first is sung a psalm, either: "Erbarm dich mein," "Mitten wir im leben," "Gott der vater wohn uns bei," or "O gott vater due hast"; then the Litany and Collect. Every Friday at noon Tenebrae is sung with the Litany.
Tagampt, when there is a sermon (Tuesdays and Thursdays): first a psalm d.t. or one related to the sermon is sung. Then two stanzas of "Nun bitten wir." Then the sermon (on Tuesday from an epistle of Paul or Peter, on Thursday from the psalter). Then the hymn that had been sung on Sunday after the sermon or another appropriate hymn. Then the collects. On Tuesdays after the sermon, if there are no weddings, the Litany may be done.
Weddings (usually held on Tuesdays): [not copied]
Vespers: psalm with antiphon; responsory and hymn d.t. either alternatim or unison; two boys read a chapter from an epistle of Paul, one in Latin and the other in German; one of the boys recites a part of Luther's catechism with the explanation (the six parts are divided among the six weekdays); versicle d.t.; Magnificat with antiphon; Collect; then on Wednesdays and Saturdays the Da pacem in Latin with collect, vel contere domine. But when the Catechism is held (Monday and Friday in the summer), then (1) psalm with antiphon; (2) Vater Unser of Luther sung; (3) sermon on the catechism, as follows: first the children speak the Vater Unser out loud, then catechism questions and answers, then they say another part of the catechism; (4) then the Glaube, the Baptism or the Ten Commandments is sung with the sermon; (5) then the Collect and Benedicamus. (p. 73)
An extensive list of Latin psalms, hymns, responsories and sequences, together with German Gesenge and other propers, is given for the various occasions of the church year (p. 74–77). Examples for Pentecost and Trinity:
Vesper psalms (Ascension to Visitation): Exaltabo te domine (Ps. 29); Omnes gentes (Ps. 46); Exurgat deus et dissipentur (Ps. 67); Dominus regnavit, exultet terra (Ps. 96)
Vesper hymns: Pentecost - Veni creator spiritus; Trinity - O lux beata trinitas
Vesper responsories: Pentecost - Apparuerunt; Trinity - Summae trinitati
Sequences and proses: Pentecost - Veni sancte spiritus; Trinity - Benedicta semper, item dominicis diebus
Gesenge d.t.: Pentecost - the Introit or Kom heiliger geist. After the Epistle "Veni sancte spiritus" or "Nun bitten." After the sermon "Nun bitten wir," assuming that the prose had been sung earlier. At Vespers "Kom gott schopfer heiliger geist" before the sermon and Magnificat sexti toni after the sermon.
Hymns are given for each Sunday to be sung after the Epistle (non-festival Sundays only). Others may be substituted, or mensuraliter [my word] may be sung. Tones are given for the Magnificat: Christmas to Fastnacht (tone 6), Fastnacht to Easter (tone 7), Easter to Pentecost (pereg), Pentecost to Peter and Paul (tone 6), Peter and Paul to Bartholomew (tone 7), Bartholomew to Michaelis (pereg), Michaelis to Martini (tone 6), Martini to Christmas (tone 7).
Order "des hohen ampts" on Feiertage when communion is held (example given for Pentecost). The entire text is given for the order, including the propers. The music for this order is transcribed in Köster, Anhang (copied). The Pentecost service begins on p. 77 in Sehling. First the entire choir sings "Kom heiliger geist," all three stanzas. Then the Priester reads the Confiteor to the people and pronounces the absolution. (p. 77) Then the Kyrie, given in three forms, according to Albrecht depending on the liturgical season (Albrecht, p. 600): the "Kyrie sum[m]um," beginning "Kyrie got vater in ewigkeit" (Luther's Kyrie); the "Kyrie paschale," beginning "O herre gott, vater in ewigkeit" (I don't recognize the melody); and the "Kyrie magne deus," beginning "O vater almechtiger gott zu dir schreien wir in der noth" (I don't recognize the melody). Then the Priester sings the Gloria in excelsis (in German, unfamiliar melody), and then is sung the "Antiphona angelorum," "All ehr und lob sol gottes sein," which seems to be the original chant form of "Allein Gott in der höh." Then "Der herr sei mit euch," the choir answering "Und mit seinem geist." Then the Priester sings the Collect, the entire choir answering "Amen." (p. 78) Then the Priester reads the Epistle to the people. Then the choir sings "Nun bitten wir" (usual melody). Then the Priester reads the Gospel. Then the entire choir sings the Glaube (usual melody). (p. 79) Then the Priester enters the pulpit and exhorts the people to [prayer for] the Holy Spirit, and the people sing "Nun bitten wir" (two stanzas). Then the sermon, then an exhortation to prayer (written out), at the end of which a Vater Unser is spoken. After the Prediger has given the pulpit benediction the entire choir sings "Christ für zue himmel" (melody not given, but from the text it looks as though it uses the melody to "Christ ist erstanden"). While the entire choir sings, the communicants assemble in the Chor, and then the Priester reads an exhortation to them. (p. 80) Then the entire choir sings the Sanctus "Jesaia dem propheten" (usual melody). Then the Priester sings the Vater Unser (melody no. 4, the only occurrence of this melody I have found so far), the Chorus answering Amen. Then the Verba #2. The entire choir sings "Jesus Christ" and "Gott sei gelobet" until all the people have been "berichtet." (p. 81) Then the Priester sings to the people "Der herr sei mit euch," the people answering "Und mit deinem geist." Then the usual collect, the entire choir singing "Amen." Then the Aaronic Benediction, the choir answering "Amen." (p. 82)
Propers are then given for the second and third days of Pentecost and for Trinity. (p. 82–84) There is musical notation for the Trinity Introit. Then a school order follows.
Niemegk 1529 s [11/24/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:615–16.
Notes from Sehling. Niemegk is in Saxony. This agenda is from the visitation of 1529.
On Sundays and holy days in place of Matins several psalms are sung with versicle and collect in Latin, and two or three lessons are read from the Old and New Testaments by the boys.
About 8:00 mass is held if there are communicants. If there are none, the German Litany is sung "uber die ganz kirche," then the sermon on the Gospel, closing with several German Lieder.
In the afternoon the Gospel is also read, but the sermon text is the catechism. In cities several psalms are sung, with the Magnificat, versicles and collect (without the suffragia sanctorum), by the "altaristen coadiuvanten und die schueler." In villages a German Lied is sung before and after the sermon.
During the week the Pfarrer preaches on a Gospel or an Epistle on Tuesday or Thursday; on Friday is a sermon on the catechism.
The sacrament of the altar is given only in the parish church except in cases of emergency, but baptism is given in every church. (p. 616)
Nimbschen 1529 s [11/27/95] - cloister
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:616–18.
Notes from Sehling. Nimbschen is a women's cloister in Saxony. The order here resulted from the visitation of 1529; Justus Jonas was one of the visitors.
The women shall sing Matins, Prime, Terce, Sext, etc., and shall hold a mass if anyone there desires to commune. For this they sing a German Gesang in place of the Introit, then the Kyrie and Et in terra in Latin. The Epistle and Gospel are to be read in German, and the Glaube is sung in German after the Gospel. Then the sermon on the Gospel. Then the Vater Unser and Verba are read aloud in German, with the Elevation, then the distribution, during which "Jesus Christus unser heiland" is sung, closing with a collect.
At the hours a versicle and collect may be read, excluding the collects for the saints.
At Vespers, when three psalms are sung and then a chapter or two from the Old or New Testament is read, there may be a sermon lasting about an hour on a lesson from an epistle, closing with the Magnificat and a collect.
On weekdays in place of Matins three psalms are sung with a lesson, a chapter from the New Testament, closing with a versicle and collect d.t.
On Tuesday and Friday there is a sermon on a lesson from a gospel or epistle. On other days psalms are sung with a chapter or two from the New Testament read, around 7:00.
In the afternoon Vespers, or three psalms with hymnus and Magnificat, with versicles and collect d.t. in place of Vespers, is sung every day.
Catechism sermons are held three times a year (Christmas, Easter, Pentecost) for about 14 days. Catechism practice is held on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. (p. 617)
Nordheim 1539 (Wittenberg, 1539) s [11/10/95] - official
Corvinus, Anton. Kirchenordnung der löblichen stadt Northeim, durch den erbaren radt, gilden und gemein daselbs angenomen und gestellet durch D. Anto. Corvinum. Cited in Graff 1:34. Graff: dependent on Wittenberg.
Notes from Sehling.
Sundays, Wednesday and Fridays: Matins rung between 5:00 and 6:00, begun with 3 psalms, a lesson, a responsory and the Te Deum sung. On Sundays and holy days it is best to sing the Te Deum in German, alternating verses between choir and congregation. Then the Kapellan reads a chapter from the New Testament without explanation, closing with the Benedictus in German or Latin and a Christian collect. Two sermons are held on Sundays: one (on the Gospel) in the mass when the Patrem is sung, the other (normally on the Epistle) at 12:00. Vespers is held with several psalms, antiphons, hymn and the Magnificat, in German or Latin. After the Magnificat the Schulmeister practices the catechism with the youth for a quarter hour. (p. 924)
Mass: pure Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra, until the congregation has arrived ("Ja, warümb solte man einen reinen introitum, Kyrieeleyson, Gloria in excelsis und das Et in terra, bis die gemeine zusamemkeme, nicht singen und bleiben lassen?") Then the Collect sung in German, likewise the Epistle, then the choir may sing the Hallelujah and Sequence (if pure and time permits), or instead of the Hallelujah and Sequence a psalm with the entire congregation. Then the Gospel by the Priester in German or Latin. Then the Nicene Creed or Wir glauben is sung. Then the sermon on the Gospel, followed by the prayer for spiritual and temporal matters (p. 925). Then the Ten Commandments, the Glaube and a brief form of confession are read to the people with an evangelical absolution, "das solche dinge von idermenniglich wol gefasset, behalten und in einen brauch und gewonheit bey iderman gebracht werden." As he dismounts the pulpit the people sing "Allein Gott in der höhe sey ehre," during which he prepares the hosts and chalice. When the psalm is done, he reads the exhortation with a paraphrase of the Vater Unser, then holds the Abendessen in German. During the distribution it would be good to sing the Sanctus and "Jesus Christus, under heiland," or "Gott sey gelobet," for as long as needed. When this is finished the Agnus Dei is sung, closing with a German collect and the Blessing. It would also be good if finally the Da pacem were sung in Latin or German by the boys and schoolmaster. The mass may be shortened on weekdays when there are communicants.
Wednesdays and Fridays: sermon rung before 6:00 three times with the large bell. The Schulmeister sings with the boys two psalms in Latin with a brief Christian antiphon, then the Te Deum in German, during which the people assemble. The sermon follows the Te Deum. After the sermon a psalm of thanksgiving is sung, closing with a Christian collect. (p. 926)
Nördlingen 1522 s [10/13/95] - semiofficial
Kantz, Caspar. Von der Evangelischen Mesá. Mit schönen Christlichen Gebetten vor und nach der empfahung des Sacraments. Durch Caspar Kantz von Nördlingen. [1522]. REPRINT: Smend 73–78; Sehling 12:285–88.
Notes from Sehling.
First the Priester or another says the exhortation to the sacrament and grants a general absolution. Then he kneels and says "Nu laát uns beten; sprechend alle heimlich mit mir: Kumm, Heiliger Geist, erfülle die herzen deiner [p. 286] gläubigen..." (p. 285–86) Then the Preface and Sanctus in German, then the "evangelisch meá" begins with a prayer containing the Words of Institution: "O allergütigister Vater, barmherziger, ewiger Gott, hilf, das dises brot und der wein uns werde und sei der warhaftig leib uns das unschuldig blut deines allerliebsten Suns, unsers Herren Jesu Christi, [footnote: the prayer up to this point is from the conclusion of the mass prayer Quam oblationem] welcher an dem tag vor seinem leiden nam das brot in seine heiligen hende, sah auf gen himmel zu dir, seinem allmechtigen Vater, saget dank, segnet und brach das brot und gab es seinen jüngern sprechende: Nemet hin und essent! Das ist mein leib, der für euch geben wirt. Desgleichen nach dem obentmal, nam er den kelch in sein heilige hend, danket, segnet und gab in seinen jüngern und sprach: Nement hin und trinkent alle daraus! (etc.)" Then the Vater Unser, Agnus Dei in German (p. 286), prayer for reception of the sacrament, then the Priester takes a host, shows it to the people, and says "Secht, allerliebsten, das ist warlich der heilig leichnam unsers Herren Jesu Christi, der für euch gelitten hat den bittern tod. Nement hin und essent in, das er euch speis, neer und beware in das ewig leben! Amen. Der frid sei mit euch allen!" Then all receive the body. Then he says something similar for the blood, and all receive it. Then he kneels and says "O Herr, nu laá im frid deine diener..." The (German) Te Deum may be said as well. (p. 287) The order concludes here. (p. 288)
Nördlingen 1538 s [10/13/95] - official
Kantz, Kaspar. Der statt Nordling neu fürgenommne reformation und kirchenordnung auf den fünfzehenden tag Maii anno 1538. Cited in Graff 1:52. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 1:286–87; Sehling 12:307–309.
Notes from Sehling. Sung Matins in Latin and communion are held every Sunday and holy day. Matins is held as is traditional. Afterward the sermon lasts forty-five minutes to an hour. Then the usual exhortation to prayer for all sorts and conditions, which used to be placed in the middle of the mass, is now held here. (p. 307) Then the sung mass ("Ampt") itself begins, with all the traditional ceremonies. At the end of the Ampt the communion under both kinds begins.
Midday service: the Epistle and Gospel are read to the youth, plus a section of the catechism, with sermon.
Vespers: not more than three psalms are sung, then the Magnificat with antiphons and collect, thus ending. Then the Predicant reads a psalm from the pulpit and explains it. At the end of Vespers and before the sermon the bell is rung so that the common person who does not understand Latin can come in.
Weekdays: a sermon is held every day at 7:00, beginning with psalms sung for fifteen minutes.
Daily Vespers: sung every day (p. 308), following which "um ainen friden gepeten werden soll," except on Saturday, when a sermon is preached.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (2 days each), New Year's, Epiphany, Ascension, all apostles' days, Annunciation, Purification, Assumption [!] on August 15, John the Baptist, St. George [footnote: patron saint of the Stadtkirche, observed in this diocese on April 24, not as elsewhere on April 23]. No mention made of Visitation. (p. 309)
Nördlingen 1544 s [11/13/95] - official
Löner, Kaspar. [Untitled]. Cited in Graff 1:52. Manuscript. Graff: the Schwäbisch Hall order was used in its preparation and perhaps also the Württemberg order. REPRINT: Sehling 12:310–16.
Notes from Sehling.
Holy days: Sundays, apostles' days, the three Marian feasts given in the 1538 order and John the Baptist are to be observed and not abolished as in other places. Communion is always available.
Confession is heard in three places on Saturdays and festival eves after or before Vespers: in the sacristy, at the high altar and at the altar behind it. Individual absolution is available to all who want it; others should stand before the high altar (p. 310), the men and boys on the right and the women and girls on the left, and they should be very briefly instructed, exhorted and then absolved, and this is the minimal necessity.
Sundays and festivals: early service at 5:00 in summer and 6:00 in winter for the servants. A brief exhortation is given to them after a psalm, closing with a prayer in place of Matins. A sermon and communion service is held afterwards in the Emmeramskirche or Karmeliterkloster, also in the hospital. The high Tagampt, formerly called the Meá, is held from 7:00 to 9:00 in the summer and from 8:00 to 10:00 in the winter. The Pfarrer comes before the altar in mass vestments, prays the Confiteor and receives absolution from another Mitdiener. On high feasts two choirs, one the scholars and the other the people, sing "umb einander" "Kum, hailiger Geist," all three stanzas. On other festivals and on Sundays "Nun bitten wir" is sung, all stanzas. Then the Celebrant turns to the people (p. 311) and speaks the Confiteor or Offene Beicht to the people and then the absolution. Then the choir begins the Kyrie in German, the people sing the Christe eleison, and the choir sings the Kyrie eleison. The Celebrant sings the Gloria, and until the new organ is installed the two choirs sing the Et in terra in German as set by Luther [footnote: "All ehr und lob soll Gottes sein"], alternating verses. Then the Celebrant turns to the people and sings "Der Herre sei mit euch," the choir answering "Und mit deinem gaist," and the Celebrant sings the Collect. The Epistle is read by a Helfer or the Prediger either from the altar or from a Pult erected for it. Then the two choirs, until the organ is complete, sing a German psalm or other Lied d.t. or for the needs of the church. The Gospel is read by a Diacon, then the entire church sings the Glaube in German. Then the entire church sings the first stanza of "Nun bitten wir," then the sermon. Then the choir sings a brief German hymn until the Celebrant has prepared the hosts and chalice and the communicants have arrived at the altar. Instructions are given as to how the people are to be arranged so that communion can take place at the high altar and/or the altar in front of the chancel and so that the communicants can stand in between the two choirs (this shows that the congregation does not take the part of one choir throughout the service). The Celebrant reads a brief exhortation, and the choir sings the Sanctus "Jesaje" of Luther. Then the Celebrant sings the Vater Unser, and the choir answers "Amen." Then he sings the Verba. (p. 312) The men commune first, then the women. One priest distributes the host or body of the Lord at the right side, and then the communicants walk around behind the altar and receive the chalice or blood of the Lord at the left side. Two people hold the towels on each side. During the communion the choir and the church sing "Jesus Christus unser Heiland," ending with "Gott sei gelobet." After the communion the Celebrant turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sei mit euch," the choir and people answering "Und mit deinem gaist!" Then he reads the Collect and blesses the people, the choir and people singing "Amen."
Sunday and festival afternoons: the Prediger holds a sermon in the Pfarrkirche at 11:00 in summer and 12:00 in winter. Vespers is held at 3:00, sung in German up to the Magnificat, before which the catechism instruction is held.
Weekdays: sermons held every day, in summer at 5:00 and in winter at 6:00. Before and after the sermon German hymns or psalms are sung, as is customary.
Tagambt: held every day at 8:30 in summer and 9:30 in winter. The cantor or other teacher goes with several boys into the church and sings several Latin Gesenge, and two boys read, one in Latin and the other in German. Then the old Pfarrer or the Altaristen reads a Latin collect, and the boys conclude with "Amen."
Vespers: held every day at 3:00 in Latin. Sung by the scholars, and reading in Latin and German by the scholars. The above-mentioned priest concludes with a collect, and two boys sing the Benedicamus. (p. 313)
Catechism instruction: held every Friday from 2:00 to 3:00 according to Löner's catechism. (p. 314)
Nördlingen 1555 s [10/14/95] - parish
Runtzler, Melchior. Ordnung der ceremonien in der pfarkirchen zu Sant Georgen der statt Nordlingen, gestelt durch M. Caspar Löhner, daselbst superintendens, im 1544. und jetzo wider ubersehen und mit der württembergischen kirchen und anderer, so von diser herkomen, zum bequemsten verglichen durch Melchior Runtzler, magister, der orts superintendens. Anno 1555. Cited in Graff 1:52. Manuscript. Graff: somewhat dependent on Württemberg. REPRINT: Sehling 12:317–29.
Notes from Sehling.
Sundays and holy days with communion [footnote: this section is nearly identical to Naumburg, Sehling 2:71f., 77f.]: Latin Introit (if pure); "Kom, Hailiger Gaist" of Luther, "Erbarm dich main, o Herre Gott," and "Aus tiefer not" sung on alternating Sundays; Diacon reads the exhortation to common prayer, confession and absolution; Kyrie in German three times (Kyrie paschale from Easter to Pentecost, Kyrie fons bonitatis from Pentecost to Christmas, Kyrie Magne Deus from Christmas to Easter) (p. 318); Gloria in German and Et in terra of Luther (in Advent the Gloria and Et in terra are omitted on account of the long Gesang after the Epistle); Collect d.t. as in Luther's hymnal; Epistle read from the pulpit and not sung in Latin from the altar; German psalm d.t. or related to the Gospel, especially from Luther's hymnal; Gospel d.t.f., like the Epistle; Patrem in Latin to the usual tone when the psalm after the Epistle is brief or "in vier wochen ainmal und hernach, welches der priester vor dem altar anhebet, teutsch Wir glauben, alle drei gesetz"; "Nun bitten wir," begun from the pulpit, first stanza with the Vater Unser at the beginning of the sermon on the Gospel; brief psalm d.t. or last stanza of "Nun bitten wir," "Erhalt uns, Herr," "Es wölt uns Gott genedig sein," "Wer Gott nicht mit uns dise zeit"; priest sings Vater Unser in front of the altar [footnote: music found in the Löner GB of 1545]; Sanctus from Isaiah in German, during which the people gather in the chancel; exhortation to the communicants; Verba sung and distribution; choir sings "Jesus Christus, unser Hailand," "Gott sei gelobet," and if there are many communicants, "Ich danke dem Herrn von ganzem herzen"; Versicle with the two usual collects, as in Luther's hymnal; Blessing from Numbers 6.
Midday service: the catechism section for the day is sung in Luther's setting; two boys recite from memory the chief articles of the catechism (without explanation), then the section for the day with explanation; the people sing "Nun bitten wir," two or four verses; sermon; brief psalm d.t.; Diacon closes with the versicle, collect and blessing.
Vespers when there is a catechism sermon: "Deus in adjutorium meum" sung from Advent to Christmas [and] the German hymn "Nun kom, der haiden Hailand," from Invocavit to Easter "Christe, der du bist tag und licht," etc.; after the sermon the Magnificat in German is sung to Tone 6 (except on Annunciation, which is held as given below). (p. 319)
Vespers when there is no catechism sermon: Luther's Te Deum in German is sung, otherwise a Hymnus or psalm d.t.; Diacon reads a chapter from the Old Testament with the summary of Dietrich—if there is a burial the chapter and sermon are held at the cemetery ("auf dem berge")—"Sonst lest man das capitel umb kurz willen auáen"; "Nun bitten wir" or "Kom, du herzlicher tröster" is sung; sermon on the Epistle, to last about a half hour; Magnificat in German with antiphon "Christ unser Hailand," as in Luther's hymnal, and the Benedictus with its antiphon "Gelobet sei der Herr," alternating Sundays, using Tones 5, 6, 7 and the Tonus Peregrinus; collect and Benedicamus. When there are people there all German Gesänge are sung "ain chor umb den andern"; that is, the scholars begin and sing a verse, then the people form the other choir, and they also have their own cantor. If there is an organ, three choirs are formed, the organ always beginning, except for the German Et in terra, for which the boys start and then the organ, then the choir, then the people. When the girls also sing "zu chor," which we would like to institute eventually, God willing, four choirs are formed, and the three choirs sing all verses of the German Gesenge, alternating verses, and the organ plays "ad tonum darein." The organ may remain silent during Lent until Easter, except on the festival of the Annunciation.
Pages 320–29 have lists of propers for the church year: service variations for the principal feasts, psalms to be sung after the Epistle, Magnificat tones, Holy Week propers, orders for weekday services; psalms, hymns, responsories and sequences for the year (all copied).
Nördlingen 1579 s [11/14/95] - official
[Untitled]. Cited in Graff 1:52. Manuscript. Graff: depends on Mecklenburg and Lüneburg, often on the Württemberg as well. REPRINT: Sehling 12:335–93. Notes from Sehling.
Vespers and confession held. (p. 363)
Communion available on all Sundays and holy days. Order for high feasts: Introit played by the organist and sung figuraliter by the scholars. Then the exhortation to prayer, and confession and absolution from the pulpit (p. 365). Then the collect d.t. facing the people ("gegen dem volk"), then the Epistle from the pulpit, then the organist plays a motet and the choir sings, then an article of the Apostles' Creed with Luther's explanation is read according to the festival, then the organist begins the German Patrem (Wir glauben), then the choir and people sing, each taking a verse; then the sermon (including the Gospel) lasting about an hour (before the sermon the Prediger exhorts the people to prayer for the Holy Spirit, then is sung "Ein kindelein," "Christ ist erstanden" or "Kom, Heiliger Geist" as appropriate, then a Vater Unser is said) (p. 366), then an exhortation to prayer (p. 367) and the Litany (p. 368), then the organist plays and the people sing in German "Grates nunc omnes" (at Christmas), "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland" (at Easter) or "Nun bitten wir" (at Pentecost), during which the communicants assemble at the altar; then the Kürchendiener sings the Vater Unser, then he reads the exhortation to communicants, (p. 369), then sings the Verba; then the distribution, during which the organist plays and the choir and congregation sing alternating verses of "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland," "Gott sei gelobet," "Esaia dem propheten" and "Ich dank dem Herrn von ganzem herzen"; if there are many communicants a figural piece may be sung; after communion is the versicle "So oft irvon disem brot esset und von disem kelch trinket" (Chorus responds:) "Solt ir des Herrn tod, bis er kommet, verkündigen!" Then the collect "Wir danken dir," the choir responding "Amen" (p. 370) (alternate versicle and collect given), then the Benediction, to which the choir responds "Amen."
Kürchengesang in general: is to be sung in German. The scholars may occasionally sing a pure Latin text for their practice, but the majority of Gesang is to be in German. The Kürchendiener are to exhort the people to learn the assigned Gesang, not to accomplish the Gottesdienst, but that God's Word be better internalized: "Und sollen die kürchendiener das volk ermanen, das sie die verordneten gesang lernen und mit gemeinem kürchengesang unsern Herrn Gott helfen loben und preisen, doch nit diser meinung, als soll hiemit der recht gottesdienst allerding volnbracht sein, sondern das meniglich durch das gesang Gottes worts, so darinnen verfaát, erinnere und daraus an rechter erkanntnus Gottes, an glauben, liebe, gedult und an allen andern tugenten gebessert werde." (p. 371)
The clergy are to wear a Chorrock [footnote: "= Superpelliceum, ein weiáes, hemdartiges, bis zu den Knien reichendes Gewand mit weiten Ärmeln, das bei Amtshandlungen auáer der Messe getragen wird und auch vom Mesner, Kreuzträger u. ä. getragen werden darf"] for all liturgical functions.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (2 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity, Purification, Annunciation, all apostles' days, John the Baptist, Michaelis (observed on the preceding or following Sunday). The following Gospels are read during the week in which they fall: Conversion of Paul, Visitation, Mary Magdalene, Beheading of John. (p. 372)
Vespers on the three chief feasts: rung at 2:30. The Kürchendiener begins with "Deus in adjutorium," the choir responding figurally with "Domine, ad adjuvandum" and a psalm de festo "in contrapunct." Then the organist plays the Hymnus or Responsory d.t. The chapter for the feast is read from Scripture with the summary. (p. 373) Then the Magnificat, collect and blessing, then confession.
Matins on the three chief feasts (only in the Pfarrkirche): rung at 5:30 in summer and 6:30 in winter. The organist plays "Der Tag der ist so freudenreich," "Christum wir sollen loben schon" or "Gelobet seiest du" (Christmas), "Christ lag in todes banden" (Easter) or "Komm, Heiliger Geist" (Pentecost), and the choir and the people sing alternating verses. Then the sermon, after which is sung the German "Grates nunc omnes," "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland" (last three verses), or "Nun piten wir den Heiligen Geist," whichever is appropriate. Then the versicle with the collect d.t. and blessing.
Hohe Ampt on the three chief feasts: already described above.
Midday sermon on the three chief feasts: the people sing Lieder d.f. as described in Matins; in the sermon the [catechism] article for the day is explained to the young people; after the sermon is sung again as in Matins, closing with collect and blessing.
Vespers on the chief feasts: as on the eve, except that the Epistle for the day is the text.
Vespers on ordinary Saturdays and holy day eves: rung at 3:00. The scholars sing a German psalm chosen by the people who will commune ("Darnach singen die schueler ein teutschen psalmen umb des volks willen, welches sich, das nachtmal zu empfahen, anzeuget.") Then a chapter from the German Bible is read with the summary. Then the scholars sing "Erhalt uns, Herr," and the Kürchendiener closes with the collect and blessing. Then confession.
Sundays and holy days: the organist begins to play the Introit, and the choir and congregation sing alternating verses of "Kom, Heiliger Geist," "Aus tüefer not" or "Erbarm dich mein, o Herre Gott"; from Christmas to Purification the Gesang is "Der tag der ist so freudenreich"; from Easter to Pentecost it is "Frölich wöllen wir haleluia singen." Then the exhortation to the people, as on high feasts. (p. 374) Then the collect, Epistle, German psalm (if the psalm is long the sung Introit is omitted and only the organ plays; ditto in winter because of the cold), then a section of Luther's catechism read (lect. cont.), the "Wir glauben," sermon and communion as on high feasts, except that "Nun bitten wir" is sung at the beginning of the sermon. Special instructions are given for when an apostle's day falls on a Wednesday or a Saturday.
Midday service (except Wednesdays and Saturdays, when there is no sermon): rung an hour after communion. A Lied is sung on the catechism (but on the chief feasts the Lied d.f. is sung), then sermon on the catechism with questions and answers for the youth, then "Erhalt uns, Herr," "Es wölle uns Gott" or "Wer Gott nicht mit uns" is sung, then collect and blessing.
Vesper and Kinderlehr: held at 2:30. The organist begins to play the Lied appropriate to the season (they are listed) (p. 375). If a sermon on the Epistle has already been held the sermon is omitted. (The German of the foregoing sentence is tricky, and I may well have misunderstood it: "Würd die gewonlich sonntägig epistel durch des carmeliterclosters prediger uf ein halbe stund ungeferlich geprediget und ausgelegt, es were dann sach, das sich ein ainfeliche leucht begebe und die ganze proceá gebraucht würde. Solle alsdann die vesperpredig underlassen werden.") Then the organist plays and the choir and the young people sing alternating verses of the German Magnificat sexti toni or the German Benedictus septimi toni (alternating Sundays) with the German antiphon "Christ unser Heiland, ewiger Gott, Marien sohn, preis sei dir in ewigkeit!" Then the collect and blessing. Vespers on holy days is held as on weekdays (see below).
Weekday sermons held on Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. Thursdays is sung a German psalm from Luther's hymnal pertaining to the Gospel or Epistle for the Sunday or to the sermon or d.t.; after the sermon "Erhalt uns, Herr," "Es wöll uns Gott" or "Were Gott nicht mit uns" is sung, then the collect and blessing. On Friday "Wir glauben" or a Lied d.f. is sung, then the sermon, Litany, collect and blessing. If there are communicants the scholars then sing a penitential psalm such as "Aus tüefer not," "Erbarm dich mein" or "Ich ruef zu dir." Then the chaper is read with the summary, and the communion is held as on high feasts, but without organ. Ampt and Vespers when there is no sermon: held at 8:00 or 9:00, depending on the season. (p. 376) The scholars sing a Latin psalm with antiphon d.f. or d.t.; a chapter is read to the people (lect. cont.) with the summary; something is sung (Monday: Quicunque vult, first half; Tuesday if there is no wedding: Quicunque vult, second half; Wednesday: Benedictus; Thursday: Nicene Creed, begun by the Kürchendiener; Saturday: Te Deum in summer, Da pacem or "Contere, Domine, fortitudinem inimicorum ecclesiae tuae" in winter). If there is a pure prose or sequence for the day, it may be sung in place of the symbol above. VESPERS is held year round at 3:00. First the psalm with antiphon, then a responsory or hymn, a chapter from the Bible, versicle and Magnificat with antiphon, collect and Benedicamus. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: The Tagampt begins with the Introit for the Sunday (once only with the verse and Gloria), then the Kyrie, collect, chapter with summary of Dietrich, "Was weiter zu singen, ist auch droben vermeldt" (exceptions given). At Vespers the Latin psalter is sung in continuous order, then an antiphon, hymn or responsory, then a chapter with the summary, then the Magnificat, and a pure Latin collect. (p. 377)
Pages 377–81 are a "Verzaichnus der lateinischen gesang, so in der wochen in dem ambt und vesper zu singen." Pages 381–86 are a list of German versicles and collects for the church year. Pages 386–87 list the psalms to be sung after the Epistle for the entire church year. Pages 387–88 contain the order of service for the January 7 anniversary of the protection of the city against treason in 1440.
Nördlingen 1676 ([N.p.], 1676) s [2/6/93] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung... In dess H. Reichs Statt Nordlingen. Cited in Graff 1:52. BerlinPS: Dr 13220 has a photocopied final page inserted with the Aaronic benediction. Graff: some altered from 1650, for example in the list of hymns and in the service in the villages.
[Within a frame] | K\irchen=O\rdnung/ | W\ie es mit der L\ehr | und C\eremonien bey dem | offentlichen Gottes=Dienôt/ | Jn deá H. Reichs Statt | N\ördlingen/ | Biáhero gehalten worden/ und hinfüro/ mit ver= | leihung Göttlicher Gnade/ gehalten | werden ôolle. | [ornament enclosed within a double rule (46 @ 46 mm.): bird with shield bearing letter `N"] | daôelbôst zum andern mahl getruckt durch | Friederich Schultes. | [rule] | M. DC. LXXVI.
%Size: 150 @ 112 mm. (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: A^4(A1+1) B4–O^4 P^4(P2+1, P3+1) Q^4–Z^4, 2A^4–2C^4; $1–3 signed (–A1; C2 M3 N2 roman) %Pagination: 107 leaves: pp. {1–2} [{2}] 3–5 {6} 7–116 [{2}] 117–118 [{2}] 119–207 [{1}] %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, é1^a Senate decree of 7. December 1703 concerning the marriage order, é1^b blank, A2^a–P2^b text, 2é1^a music, 2é1^b blank, P3^a–P3^b text 3é1^a music, 3é1^b blank, P4^a–2C1^b text, 2C2^a–2C4^a list of pastors in Nördlingen and table of contents, 2C4^b blank %Fingerprint: 1676 04 - b1 A2 mö : b2 2C3 ten/$ %Preface: `DEmnach Wir Burgermeister und Rath dieser deá H. Reichs Statt Nördlingen..." ... `Decretum in Senatu, Montags den 25. Novembris, ANNO 1650." %Music: Our Father #3 (after P2), Verba #2 (after P3) p. 4 - the preface mentions subscription to the Augsburg Confession and the Formula of Concord.
Chapter 1 (p. 7-23): "Von der Lehre Göttliches Worts in den ordentlichen Predigten"
Sunday Morgen-Predigt: in the parish churches (as opposed to the hospital and Carmelite chapels) begins at 7:00 in the summer and 8:00 in the winter. The items are numbered in the book. (1) First the organist plays and the congregation sings what has been chosen by the Pfarrer according to the time and theme (p. 7). (2) Then the Vigil or Diacon goes to the Cantzel and reads the exhortation, confession and absolution (p. 8–9). (3) The deacon who is presiding at the communion that day sings the collect before the altar (collect is specified according to season). (4) The Vigil reads the Epistle for the day from the Cantzel. (5) A German psalm is sung. (6) The Vigil reads the appointed selection from Luther's catechism. (p. 10) (7) The Organist plays the German Patrem ("Wir glauben all an einen Gott"), and the choir and people sing stanzas 2 and 3. (8) During the preceding the Pfarrer goes to the Cantzel "und vermahnet abermal zum Gebett und Gesang." (9) "Singet die Gemein widerumb ein Gesätz". (10) The Pfarrer says the Vatter Unser with a clear voice, the Gospel is read, and the sermon follows. After the sermon come the exhortation to prayer and the various prayers with the Vatter Unser, ending with the following from the Cantzel: "DJe Gnade unsers HErrn JEsu Christi, die Liebe GOttes, samt der Gemeinschafft deá Heiligen Geistes, sey und bleibe mit uns allen, zu allen Zeiten, Amen!" (p. 11) (11) Then "wieder georgelt und gesungen", followed by the communion as described below in chapter 7.
Sunday Mittags-Predigt: (1) from Michaelis to Easter begins at 12:15; from Easter to Michaelis at 11:15. (2) A catechism or other hymn is sung according to the time and sermon topic. (3) Two boys appointed by the schoolmaster recite a portion from the catechism. (p. 12) (4) Exhortation to prayer and hymn, then the Vater Unser and sermon ("Folget die Vermahnung zum Gebett und Gesang: darauff das Vatter unser und die Predigt" - not sure if a hymn is sung: yes it is! see p. 21 below). (5) General prayer spoken and Fürbitt for the sick. (6) Der Actus (i.e., "DJe Gnade unsers HErrn JEsu Christi...), the hymn, the collect (either the one sung at the early service with the Epistle or another appropriate to the theme), and the blessing.
Evening service: held only in the Hauptkirche; the Epistle is preached on for half an hour: the first bell is rung at 2:30 and the second at 2:45. Follows the order of the midday service, except that the organ is not used and there is no catechism recitation. (p. 13)
Festivals: on the following festivals three services (morning, midday, evening) are held: first Sunday in Advent, Christmas, New Year's Day, Palm Sunday, Easter, Pentecost, Trinity, St. Michael's (observed on the preceding or following Sunday). (p. 14) On the following two services (morning, midday) are held: St. Stephen, Oberstag, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Ascension, Purification of Mary, St. John the Baptist, St. Andrew, St. Thomas, St. John the Evangelist, St. Matthias, SS. Philip and James, SS. Peter and Paul, St. James, St. Bartholomew, St. Matthew, SS. Simon and Jude (p. 15). One service is held on the following: Festum Gratiarum Actionis, pro divina patri‘ Anno salutis 1440. conservatione (observed January 7) (p. 16), Maundy Thursday (p. 17). The festival services have their own special instructions, but anything affecting the music is left for chapters 3 and 4 below. Also mentioned are the Harvest festival and the Tuesday and Thursday passion histories (i.e., Lenten services) held from the Thursday after Esto mihi to Good Friday (p. 18–21).
Catechism services during Lent: held on the Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays after Laetare (total 10 days) at 2:30. Begins with a hymn, then a recitation from the catechism by the boys; the remainder of the service is as on Sunday at midday (except that the hymn before the Vatter Unser is omitted). (p. 21)
Weekday services (Thursdays and Fridays): bells rung at 6:30 and 7:00 from Easter to Michaelis and at 7:00 and 7:15 from Michaelis to Easter. A German hymn is sung, then the sermon, followed by the general prayer on Thursday and the Litany on Friday, with the Vatter Unser, also hymn, collect and blessing to close the service. (p. 22)
Weddings: Afftermon- oder Dienstag the first bell is rung at 7:30, the second as soon as the first is finished ringing. Then a German Psalm is sung (if there is no figural music). Then the sermon, followed by the general prayer, then the hymn, then the blessing. See chapter 7. (p. 22–23)
Funerals: at 2:00 from Michaelis to Easter and at 2:30 from Easter to Michaelis (but on Thursdays at 12:00, ditto on other days if a child has died). (p. 23)
Chapter 2 (p. 13–28): "Von dem Ampt und Vesper, auch Wochentlicher Bett-Stund"
Tag-Ampt and Vesper: bells are rung for the former at 9:00, for the latter at 3:00. A German Psalm is sung (as listed in the next chapter). Then a chapter from the German Bible is read, as appointed, with Veit Dieterich's summary. Then the general "gemeine" prayer, then "[man] singet," then the collect and blessing. On certain days private confession is held; on certain days the office and Vespers are not held. (p. 24)
Saturday (also on the vigils of the Holy Apostles and St. John the Baptist): Vespers held at the usual time. Organist plays "pro introitu, und nach verlesenem Capitul." Hymn, chapter, prayer, etc. as usual, except that before the end of the service the penitents are publicly absolved. (p. 25)
The eve of other festivals: (1) bell rings at 2:30 and 2:45. (2) "Pro introitu wird georgelt und musicirt." (3) The appointed chapter from Scripture with the summary is read. (4) Common ("gemeine") prayer spoken. (5) "Folget das Magnificat in figuris." [(6)] "Die Collecta, mit dem Segen." (7) Penitents instructed and absolved. (p. 25)
Weekly Haupt-Bettstund: (1) bells rung at 2:45. (2) Buá- oder Bett-Psalm "der auff das Capitel, so abzulesen" is sung. (3) usual Buá-Gebett is spoken. (4) Closed with a hymn, collect and blessing. (p. 25) Pages 26–28 contain a list of chapters and hymns to be sung before and after the reading. Twenty-six different selections are given, as follows:
Ach GOTT vom Himmel sieh darein Mag ich Unglück nicht widerstahn Allein zu dir HERR JEsu Christ Gib Fried zu unser Zeit O HERR Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir Wenn wir in höchsten Nöthen seyn An Wasserflüssen Babylon Erhalt uns HERR bey deinem Wort Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wol Es wöll uns GOTT genädig seyn Jn dich hab ich gehoffen HERR Wär GOTT nicht mit uns diese Zeit GOTT hat das Evangelium Die liebe Sonne kan Ein feste Burg ist unser GOTT Nun welche hie ihr Hoffnung gar Jch ruff zu dir HERR JEsu Christ Ew'ger GOTT, wir bitten dich Ach GOTT und HERR, wie groá Ach GOTT, wie lang vergissest mein Wo GOTT der HERR nicht bey uns hält Die Feind sind all in deiner Erbarm dich mein O HErre GOTT Verzage nicht O Häufflein klein Unser Vatter im Himmelreich Von allem Ubel uns erlöá Ein veste Burg ist unser GOTT Mag ich Unglück nicht widerstahn O HErre GOTT begnade mich O Vatter aller Frommen Ach GOTT vom Himmel sieh Gib Fried zu unser Zeit O HErr Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir Wenn wir in höchsten Nöthen seyn An Wasserflüssen Babylon Wär GOTT nicht mit uns diese Zeit Allein zu dir HERR JEsu Christ Von allem Ubel uns erlöá Wo GOTT der HERR nicht bey uns Die Feind seind all in deiner Jch ruff zu dir HERR JEsu Christ Es woll uns GOTT genädig seyn Jn dich hab ich gehoffet HERR Erhalt uns HERR bey deinem Wort GOTT hat das Evangelium Die leibe Sonne kan nicht mehr Vatter unser im Himmelreich Von allem Uben uns erlöá Ach GOTT wie lang vergissest mein Ew'ger GOTT wir bitten dich Ach GOTT und HERR, wie groá Nun welche hie ihr Hoffnung gar
Chapter 3 (p. 29–37): "Von dem Gesang, der Musica figurata, und Orgel"
Sunday Morgen-Predigt: (1) the organist plays and then the choir and congregation sing the opening stanzas of a German Psalm or hymn ("Teutschen Psalm oder Geistliches Lied") pertaining to the time and Gospel (except that after Christmas and Easter the hymns pertain to the season: Der Tag der ist so freudenreich, Gelobet seyst Du JEsu Christ, Vom Himmel hoch (after Christmas); Christ lag in Todes Banden, JEsus Christus unser Heyland (after Easter). (2) After the spoken absolution, the organist preludes ("pr‘ambulirt") before the collect. (3) When the Epistle is read, the remainder of the hymn used to open the service is sung. (4) After the catechism, the organist plays the first stanza of "Wir glauben all"; the congregation sings the other two. (5) Before the Vatter Unser is sung: Ein Kindelein so löbelich (Christmas to Purification) (p. 29), Nun bitten wir den H. Geist (Purification to Easter), Christ ist erstanden von der Marter (Easter to Pentecost), GOTT der Vatter wohn uns bey (Trinity to Trinity III), Nun bitten wir den H. Geist (Trinity III to Christmas). (6) "Nach der Predigt wird georgelt, und nach belieben ein Concert musicirt. NB. 1. Allhie hat man sich in alle Weg der Kürtze zu befleissen, wie dan auch sonst ins gemein dahin gesehen werden soll, daá die Musica figurata und das Orgeln, weder das Gemeine Gesang der gantzen Kirchen, noch den übrigen Gottesdienst verhindere, und zu lang auffhalte. 2. Sollen die Stuk [{sic}], so man figuriren will, zuvor und ehe man zur Kirchen kom[m]t, nicht aber mit verabsaumung deá Gottesdiensts, erst unter wehrender Predigt, von den Musicis und Schulern (da es von nöthen) probirt werden." (7) "Unter der Communion werden folgende Psalmen, GOTT sey gelobet, und gebenedeyet, &c. JEsus Christus unser Heyland, &c. Jesaja dem Propheten das geschah, &c. Es ist das Heyl uns kommen her, &c. alternis vicibus, von dem Choro und Vorsinger gesungen. Zuweilen mag auch musicirt werden, doch daá der Choral Gesang nicht gar hindan gesetzt werde." (p. 30) Midday service: organ not used. A hymn related to the sermon or another hymn is sung to open the service. "Vor dem Vatter unser wird es mit dem Vers wie in der Morgen-Predigt gehalten: Nach vollendter Predigt (davon in vorhergehendem . I. Num. 5. gedacht worden,) die letzten vers, oder das Gloria, deá zu erst angefangenen Gesangs." (p. 31)
Evening service: "wird georgelt, und ein Teutscher Psalm, auff die Zeit und Epistel gerichtet, gesungen. After the sermon "schlägt der Organist anfangs allein, darnach das {Gloria} zu dem Gesang der Gemeine." (p. 31)
Festival days, morning service: (1) "{pro introitu, figurirt}. (2) after the Epistle the appointed hymn musicirt, then continued by the congregation. (3) after the Vatter Unser the first stanza of the Glaube played by the organ, the second figured, the third sung in choraliter. (4) before the Vatter Unser the following Vers (first hymn is after Epistle, second is before Vatter Unser):
Advent 1: Nun kom[m] der Heyden; Nun bitten wir *Christmas: Der Tag so ist; Ein Kindelein so *Circumcision: Ach mein hertzliebes; Ein Kindelein *Epiphany: Ein Kind geboren zu; Ein Kindelein *Grat. actionis: Wo Gott der HErr; Ein Kindelein Purification: Mit Fried und Freud; Ein Kindelein Annunciation: Mein Seel erheb; Nun bitten wir Palm Sunday: Als J. Christus unser; Nun bitten wir Viridium: Christus der uns; Nun bitten wir Good Friday: (acc. to the passion history used) (p. 31) +*Easter: Christ lag in Todes; Christ ist erstanden +*Ascension: Auff diesen Tag; Christ fuhr +*Pentecost: Kom[m] Gott Schöpfer; Komm H. Geist +*Trinity & Domin. I: Allein Gott in der; GOtt der Vatter Domin. 10. Trin: An Wasserflüáen Babyl.; Nun bitten wir Michaelis: Nun lob mein Seel; Nun bitten wir Ernd-Predigt: Es wöll uns Gott; Nun bitten wir
Note: the organ is silent "bey dem figuriren und sonsten" on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday. On festivals indicated with a plus (+) it has long been the custom to have the Kyrie figured after the spoken absolution. On festivals marked with an asterisk (*) the organ accompanies the hymn before the Vatter Unser.
(5) After the sermon "singt man ein Stuck in die Orgel" (on the Dank-Fest the {Congregati sunt} of Händel is customarily used). On St. Stephen's Day, Easter and Pentecost Mondays, St. John the Baptist and the other apostles' days the organ and singing are used as on Sundays; on the last-named festivals (which?) "O HErre GOTT dein Göttlich Wort" is sung before the sermon. During the distribution is musicirt.
Festival days, midday service: as on Sundays.
Festival days, evening service: on high festivals: "wird allezeit ein Stuck vor, und dann eines nach der Predigt figurirt." (p. 32)
Lenten services: Tempore Quadragesimali: "zum Eingang derselben, wie auch bey verhandlung deá 1. 2. und 3. Actus, wird gesungen: Herr JEsu christ waar Mensch und GOtt &c. (soll abgetheilt, und allezeit in zwo Predigten absolvirt werden,) Da JEsus an dem Creutze stund." Thursdays after Laetare: "bey dem 4. Act. fangt man an den grössern Passion, O Mensch bewein dein Sünde groá: Nach diesen, wie auch den miteinfallenden Freytags-Predigten, wird allezeit gesungen, O Lamb GOttes unschuldig."
Catechism services: in Lent, zum Eingang "Christe der du bist Tag und Licht." In the following services the hymn corresponds to the catechism portion read, until the Monday after Palm Sunday, when the Passion ("O Mensch bewein dein Sünde groá") is begun again. After the sermon in all cases is sung "O Lamb GOttes unschuldig."
Weekday services: on Thursdays a hymn is sung corresponding to the time and the sermon. On Fridays "Wir glauben all an einen GOtt" or another hymn related to the sermon is sung, after which a brief Psalm de tempore or Gloria is sung.
Weddings: before the sermon: Wo GOTT zum Hauá nicht gibt sein Gunst. After the sermon: Wol dem der in Gotts-Furchten steht. (p. 33) "Wann figurirt wird, singt [p. 34] man ein Stuck pro introitu, das andere nach der Predigt, das dritte nach vollendeter Copulation, und schlägt der Organist unter dem hinauá gehen." (p. 33–34)
Funerals: "I. Bey Gemeinen Leichen wird (1.) von dem Hauá auá, bey wehrender Procession, von den Schul-Knaben welche die Ordnung trifft, Choraliter gesungen: Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin. HErr JEsu Christ war Mensch und GOTT. Auá tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir. (2.) Jn der Kirchen: Wann mein Stündlein vorhanden ist. Mitten wir im Leben sind. Nun laát uns den Leib begraben. HErr GOTT mein Jammer hat ein End. Christus ist mein Leben. II. Bey den funeribus generalibus und Vornemer Personen Leichen, führet man den gantzen Chorum scholasticum auff, und wird so wol vor dem Sterbhauá, und unter der Procession, als auch in der Kirchen, musiciret. III. Bey den Leichen deren Personen, welche wochentlich zu Unterhaltung der armen Schuler und Beneficianten ein freywillige Christliche Beysteuer thun, soll auch hinfüro von dem Cantore figuriret werden. Stukk, so bey den Leichen zu figuriren. Ecco quomodo moritur justus. Jam moesta quiesce &c. Allein nach dir HErr. HERR JEsu Christ ich weiá gar wol. Hertzlich lieb hab ich. Jch weiá daá mein Erlöser lebt. Mein Trost und Hilff=Zyon spricht: der HERR, &c." (p. 34)
Ampt and Vesper hymns are arranged in three-week cycles. The first two hymns indicated below are for Tag-Ampt, the last two for Vespers (p. 35–36).
Week 1:
Monday: Wie schön leuchtet; 2 last stanzas - Wo GOtt der HErr; Die Feind sind all Tuesday: Ein feste Burg; Wär Gott nicht mit - Gib Fried zu unser Zeit; O Vatter aller From[m] Wednesday: Der HErr ist mein; Wol dem Menschen - Es spricht der Unweisen; Erhalt uns HErr Thursday: Nun frewt euch; Gen Himmel zu - [Bettstund] Friday: Der HErr sprach in; 2 last stanzas - Nun lob mein Seel; Lobet den HErrn Saturday: Vatter unser im; Von allem Ubel - Ach GOtt und HErr; 2 last stanzas
Week 2:
Monday: Ach Gott vom Himmel; Das Silber - GOtt ist so gut dem; 2 last stanzas Tuesday: Es ist das Heyl; Sey Lob und Ehr - An Wasser-Flüssen; Ewiger GOtt Wednesday: HErr Gott der du ers.; 2 last stanzas - GOtt der Vatter; Allein Gott in der Thursday: Kompt her zu mir; 2 last stanzas - [Bettstund] Friday: Jch ruff zu dir; Nun welche hie - Lobet den HErrn; Mag ich Unglük Saturday: Auá tieffer Noth; Gloria - Erbarm dich mein; Rein leiblich Week 3:
Monday: Durch Adams Fall; Wer hofft in GOtt - Wer in dem Schutz; 2 last stanzas Tuesday: Diá sind die H. 10. Geb; Die Gebott all uns - Jn dich hab ich gehoffet; O HErr wer wird Wednesday: Nun fih wie fein und; Wo Gott zum Hauá - HErr Christ der Einig; Wan[n] wir in höchsten Thursday: Warumb betrübstu; O HErre Gott dein - [Bettstund] Friday: Komm H. Geist; O HErr wie lang - Mein Seel erhebt den; Es woll uns GOtt Saturday: Allein zu dir HErr; Gloria - O HErre Gott begnade; last stanza
In all Saturday Vespers the organist plays "pro introitu, wie auch nach verlesnem Capitul, für dem Teütschen Psalmen, so choraliter gesungen wird. 2. An den H. Abenden vor dem Advent, Christtag, Neuen Jahrstag, Epiphan. Dankfest, Purificationis & Annunciationis Mari‘, Palmarum, Paschatos, Ascensionis Christi, Pentecostes, SS. Trinitatis und Micha‰lis, wird erstlich georgelt, und ein Stuk musicirt de tempore. 2. Nach dem Capitel ein Magnificat figurirt. 3. Auf die Festtag selbst, [p. 37] wann in der Vesper kein Predigt gehalten wird, (als am Oberstag, Purificationis & Annunciationis Mari‘, Jtem Ascensionis Christi,) schlägt der Organist pro introitu: drauff wird ein Stuk in die Orgel, und nach verlesenem Capitel ein Magnificat gesungen. Nota benŠ. An den beyden ersten Festen wird auch zuletzt das Congratulamini figurirt." (p. 36–37)
Bett-Stund: "...falls ein Fest, an deme Abends nicht geprediget wird, an einem Donnerstag fürfiele, schlägt der Organist, und wird vor und nach dem verlesen, vollständig musicirt. So die Gedächtnuá eines Apostels auf solchen Tag fällt, wird alsdann so wol vor, als hernach, die Orgel geschlagen." (p. 37) Chapter 6 (p. 114–19): "Von der Vorbereitung zum heiligen Abendmahl, und desselben Administration"
Abendmahl offered every Sunday and holy day (with some exceptions) (p. 114). Regarding young people at communion: "Wann auch junge Knaben und Töchter das erste mal zum heiligen Abendmal gehen wollen, sollen sie zuvor einem Kirchendiener durch die Eltern, oder die, so an deren Statt sind, fürgestellet werden, daá sie nicht allein befraget, wie sie in ihrem Christenthum gegründet; Sondern auch desto ernstlicher vermahnet werden können, wie sie sich fürthin, in allem ihrem Wandel sollen verhalten, damit sie diá Geheim[p. 116]nuá nicht mit Unverstand, zum Aergernuá der Kirchen, und zum Nachtheil ihrer Seligkeit empfahen." (p. 115–16)
Order of service: during the "musiciren" those desiring to commune assemble at the altar. The Kirchendiener acting as celebrant sings the Vatter Unser (see notes, p. 7 and 10). Then the organist "pr‘ambulirt" and the celebrant ("Celebrante") reads the exhortation (p. 116) and a collect (p. 117–18). Then the Words of Institution are sung (see notes, p. 10). After the distribution there is a collect and the blessing: "Der HErr segne dich, und behüte dich! Der HErr lasse sein Angesicht leuchten über dir, und sey dir gnädig! Der HERR hebe sein Angesicht über dich, und gebe dir Frieden." (p. 119)
Chapter 9 (p. 139–94): "Anhang der Kirchen-Agenden" - the first part is "Die erneuerte Ordnung den Gottesdienst auff dem Land, Nördlingischen Gebiets, betreffend, Anno 1669. abgefaát."
Sunday Bettstund: held before the Kinder-Lehr. The service begins as on Thursday, with a hymn, then a chapter from the Bible with the summary, then a prayer (which follows) (p. 144), then the examination of the catechumens, a hymn, collect and blessing.
Thursday Bettstund: Bells rung twice, then "gesungen," the Morgen-Gebett (follows) with Vatter Unser, then the chapter or psalm is read (p. 148), then the Litany ("Kyrie Eleison, HErr GOtt Vatter im Himmel erbarm dich über uns &c. Vatter unser &c."). Then the exhortation to the congregation, the collect and blessing. (p. 149) Vespers on Sundays and holy days: held at 4:00 or 3:30 in the summer, at 3:00 in the winter. Opens with bells (twice) and a hymn. Then a collect, exhortation to the congregation, Vatter Unser, then "kurz gesungen," a collect, blessing and an exhortation.
Nördlingen 1676 (Nördlingen, 1676) s- [2/9/93]
Kutscher, Wenceslas. Nördlingische Kirchen-Andachten, oder schöne, andächtige und Himmeldurchdringende Gebet, welche in offentlicher Kirchen-Versammlung der Christlichen Gemeind deá Heil. Reichs Statt Nördlingen, pflegen gebetet und gen Himmel geschicket zu werden, nach dero Kirchen-Ordnung auf hohen Befehl zusam[m]en getragen, und also eingerichtet von Wenceslao Kutschera.
The standard devotional book for use in church.
Nürnberg 1524a s [10/24/95] - cloister
Volprecht, Wolfgang. [Die teutsch meá]. Cited in Bernhard Klaus, "Die Nürnberger Deutsche Messe 1524," {Jahrbuch für Liturgik und Hymnologie} 1 (1955): 1–46. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:39–43.
Notes from Sehling.
Wolfgang Volprecht was prior of the Augustinian monastery, but laity attended services there as well, and in March 1524 over 4000 people received communion under both kinds. See Sehling, p. 18.
Summary of mass order: Confiteor, Introit, Kyrie eleyson "semper dicitur," Gloria "semper dicitur," Collect "una tantum dicitur," Epistle, Gradual, Alleluia, Credo "semper dicitur," during which the chalice is prepared, Offertorium omitted ("nunquam dicitur, quia Christus semel pro peccatis nostris oblatus est."), Preface "non alia dicitur," Elevation, Sanctus, Preceptis salutaribus (i.e., introductory words for the Our Father), Pater noster, Pax Domini, Agnus Dei, distribution, Communion, Complenda, Benediction and Ite missa est, Benedicamus Domino with response "Deo gratias," exhortation to the people planning to commune.
Detailed order: Briester speaks the Offene Beicht in place of the Confiteor ("Ich armer, elender, sündiger maensch bekenn mich Gott meinem himlischen Vater und meinem Herren Jesu Christo meinem seligmacher, euch brüder und schwester und der ganzen christlichen versamlung, das ich leider oft und dick wieder Gott, meinen Herrn, gesündigt hab mit unglauben und miátrauen..."). (p. 39) It ends with "So bitten wir verzeihung unser sund in seinen namen. Absolutio, das Misereatur: Mein lieber bruder und schwester, Gott hat sich unser erbarmet und hat uns verzihen alle unser sund und will uns geben das ewig leben. Amen." "Ein meá von der heiligen Trivaltigkeit" follows: Introit with Verse, Gloria Patri and repeat of the Introit (antiphon). Then Kyrie (9-fold), Gloria, "Der Herr sei mit euch," "Und mit deinem gaist," "Last uns bitten!" with Collect. Then Epistle, Gradual, Verse (with Alleluia), Gospel (p. 40), Credo (a literal German rendering of the Latin prose text), Preface with preceding versicles, with Verba within the prayer ("Warlich ist es billich und recht. Das ist ziemlich und hailwertig, das wir allwegen und allzeit danksagen, du heiliger Herr, allmechtiger Vater, ewiger Gott, durch Christum unsern Herrn, welcher in der nacht, da er verraten ward, hat er genummen das brot, dank gesagt Gott seinem himlischen Vater, das brochen und geben seinen jungern sprechende: "Kommet und esset! Das ist mein leib, der fur euch dargeben wird. Das tut zu meiner gedechtnus! Deshalben gleichen nahm er auch den kelch..."). Then Sanctus and Benedictus, Vater Unser, "Der frid des Herren...," "O du lemlein Gottes, welches du weg nimbst die sund der welt...," (p. 41), collect (several possibilities given), Communion: "Wir loben Gott der himmel und bekennen vor allermeniglich lebendigen, das er mit uns gehandelt hat nach seiner barmherzigkeit," Salutation and Collect, Salutation (again) and Benediction, then "Last uns den Herrn lob und dank sagen!" with response "Gott sei gedankt." (p. 42) "Volget hernach ein gute, hailsame vermanung zum volk, ob etlich zu Gottes disch wollten gein, vor oder unter der mess, sich westen darnach zu richten. Wol zu merken." [Footnote says that this exhortation was probably not connected with the foregoing mass—the source of this order is an 18th-century copy.] (p. 43)
Nürnberg 1524b s [11/24/95] - parish
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:46–50.
Notes from Sehling.
This is the order for the introduction of the evangelical mass in the Nürnberg parish church, held June 5, 1524 (Second Sunday after Trinity). (p. 18) The entire text for this mass, including the propers, is given.
Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra, Collect, Epistle in German, Gradual with Alleluia, Gospel in German, (p. 46), Credo, Offertory and Minor Canon omitted (?) ("Symbulo finito, offertorio ac canone minore omissis incipit"), Preface, Sanctus, Verba in Latin with Elevation after each element is consecrated, Conclusion of the Sanctus with Osanna [and Benedictus] [footnote: the consecration is done quietly while the Gloria [!] and Benedictus are sung. The Verba were not sung aloud until sometime in the first quarter of 1525.] Then the Pater noster, then the exhortation to the sacrament (p. 47), which includes the Words of Institution. Then Pax Domini. Communion under both kinds, the officiant distributing the bread (panem) and the ministers the cup. During the communion the choir sings the Agnus Dei and the Communion. Then the Prayer and Complenda (i.e., Postcommunion). Then three psalms are sung (beginning the Predigtgottesdienst) with antiphon, chapter from epistle read, collect for the day (p. 49), Benedicamus, priest mounts the pulpit, Lord's Prayer, Ave Maria ("salutationem angelicam") [footnote: the Ave Maria was used in Nürnberg until 1547)], Creed and Ten Commandments, sermon.
Vespers: Deus in adiutorium meum, antiphon with psalms (cant. cont.), chapter read, responsory, Magnificat with antiphon, Compline is omitted, Dominus vobiscum and prayer, Benedicamus. (p. 50)
Nürnberg 1525a (Nürnberg, 1525) s [11/24/95] - Spital
Döber, Andreas. Uon der evangelischen meá, wie sie zu Nürnberg im Newen Spital, durch Andream Döber, gehalten würdt, caplan doselbst.
Notes from Sehling.
First is confession of sins and absolution (actually a Trostspruch) with the people. (p. 51) The priest takes a psalm (or part of one, if long) to begin the mass. The author prefers Ps. 103: "Lobe oder danke dem Herren, meine seele." The Priester should exhort the people concerning the devil's teaching. The Introit (Ps. 103) is given with the Gloria patri. Then the Kyrie in German, the Gloria and Et in terra in German (prose), Salutation and Collect, Romans chapter 5 read as Epistle, after which the priest prepares the chalice and bread; then Gradual, Alleluia. Then the priest asks the Ministranten whether anyone has registered for communion. Then he makes the preparations. Then he turns to the people and reads the Gospel from John 6. (p. 52) Then he says "Das sein die wort des heiligen evangelii, da durch uns Got wöl verzeihen all unser sünd," and the people respond "Amen." Then he begins the Glaube (long [Nicene] or short [Apostles']). Then the Preface with preceding versicles (the people taking the choir's part). The Verba begin with the relative pronoun but do not address God. (p. 53) The Elevation is apparently retained, if it is meant by the phrase "Und zeigts dem volk." Then the priest speaks the Sanctus in German (prose). Then the Vater Unser, Salutation, Agnus Dei, all in German, then the exhortation to communicants, then prayer: "O Herr Jesu Christe, du ewigs wort des Vaters, du Heiland der welt, du warer, lebendiger Got und mensch, erlöse uns durch deinen heiligen fronleichnam und rosenfarbes blut von allen sünden! Hilf, das wir erfüllen deine gebot zu allen zeiten und von dir nicht gescheiden werden in ewigkeit! Amen!" [footnote: prayer slightly altered from the Roman Mass]. Then he communes the people. Then he speaks the Nunc dimittis in German. Then Salutation, Collect (p. 54), Salutation, Benedicamus, Benediction, all in German. A common prayer for the government follows to be spoken on holy days after the Preface or before the Sanctus when there are many in attendance. (p. 55)
The word "sprechen" is used throughout, and there is no clue that anything is sung, which might lead one to conclude that indeed nothing was sung. But a separate publication, issued in the same year, contains the music for the mass (see Nürnberg 1525b). But see Butler's dissertation, which indicates that this order was used among the bedridden and was therefore indeed spoken without any music whatsoever. (Butler 1970:182)
Nürnberg 1525b ([1525]) s [10/24/95] - Spital
Form vnd ordnung, eyner Christlichen Meá, so zu Nürmberg im Newen Spital, im brauch ist. REPRINT: Sehling 11:56–57.
Notes from Sehling.
Confiteor (i.e., Offene Beicht), Introit: Nun bitten wir den Heilgen Geist, 4 verses (with notation) [footnote: in the 1526 printing Ps. 129 "Aus tiefer not" is indicated, without notation], Kyrie and Gloria (with notation), priest sings Salutation and Collect, chapter from epistle, then in place of the Halleluja "Es ist das Heil"—14 verses with notation for the first verse [footnote: the 1526 printing has the Ten Commandments, "Dies sind" in its place], then a chapter from a gospel, then the priest is silent and the choir begins the Credo (Wir glauben, with notation) (p. 56), then the Preface with preceding versicles, Qui pridie (i.e., Verba, likely in Latin, according to the footnote) with Elevation, choir sings the Sanctus. Then the Priester sings the Pater noster, beginning "Oremus praeceptis salutaribus etc." Then the Priester or Ministrant reads the exhortation to the people. Then the Priester turns to the people and sings "Pax Domini sit semper vobiscum," the Chorus responding "Et cum spiritu tuo!" Then the choir begins the Agnus Dei while the people commune. Notation follows (not given in Sehling) for the Sanctus and Agnus Dei. In place of the Communion the choir sings a psalm or other Lied. The priest concludes the mass with a collect and the Benedicamus Domino. Then "Es woll uns Gott genädig sein," 3 verses. (p. 57)
Nürnberg 1543 (Nürnberg, 1543) s [8/18/93] - private
[Dietrich, Vitus]. Agend Büchlein für die Pfar-Herren auff dem Land. Cited in Graff 1:52. Graff mentions but does not list the various editions of this source.
[Within a compartment: columns on pedestals with an arch, 146 @ 108 mm. enclosing 68 @ 53 mm.] A\gend | Büchlein | f#ür die Pfar= | Herren auff | dem Land. | 15 [red flower] 43 || [Colophon:] Ged#ruckt zu Nürnberg/ durch Johan~ vom | Berg/ vn~ Vlrich Neuber/ Anno 1543. | {vigeôimo tertio die Ianuarij.}
%Size: 146 @ 101 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: a–y^4; $1–3 signed (–a1 e3); a2 signed 2 %Pagination: 88 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1543 04 - b1 a2 n. : b2 y3 llet/$a %Preface: none %Music: Verba #3 (e3^a–e3^b), Our Father #3 (e4^a–e4^b)
Order of the mass in villages with schools: when the Priester comes to the altar, he may say the Confiteor or whatever serves his devotion, then he reads the Introit (from Scripture). Then the scholars sing the Introit in German, but where there are no schools and therefore no people that can sing the Latin, a German hymn is sung. If the people cannot even do that, the Pfarherr should teach them. (f. b4^a). Where the Introit has been commonly sung in German it shall remain so. Then he reads the Kyrie and Et in terra in Latin, and the Schüler or people, whichever is customary, sing it in Latin or German. Then the Priester turns to the people and speaks or sings "Dominus vobiscum" or "Der Herr sey mit euch." Then one or more collects in German. (f. b4^b) Then the Epistle. (f. d4^b) Then he may read an Alleluia with its verse in Latin or a Gradual from Scripture, or the scholars may sing it in Latin. Then the Gospel, then he begins the Credo, which the scholars sing in Latin where it is the custom, otherwise the people sing the Glaube. In small villages two or three scholars sing the Litany in German after the Epistle from the altar, and the rest of the choir and people answer, then the Da pacem with Collect, as above [where?]. But because the Gospel is explained in the sermon, the reading of the Gospel is always replaced with the parts of the Christian faith, namely, the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Our Father, the Institution of Baptism, the Keys and the Lord's Supper; then the Creed is begun, in German or Latin, so that both may be practiced. ("Weyl aber das Euangelion on das in der Predigt dem volck erzelet würdt, so sollen allweg an stat des Euangelij die stück Christlichens glaubens, die Zehen Gebot, der Glaub, das Vater vnser, die eynsetung der Tauff, Schlussel, vnnd Abentmal gelesen werden auff der Cantzel, vnnd dann anfahen das Credo, ye Teutsch ye Latinisch, auff das bedes geübet werde.") Then on festivals the usual sermon follows. After the sermon is the Abentmal. (f. e1^a)
Order of communion: first the exhortation, then the Priester sings or reads the Verba, then the Sanctus follows in Latin or German, then the Vater Unser [is sung], then "Der frid des Herren sey mit euch allen." "Amen." (f. e1^b–e4^b) Then the distribution, during which the Schüler sing "Agnus dei, &c." If there are no scholars, the people may sing something appropriate to the time. If there are many people, not only a communion is sung, but also something else, such as the responsory "Discubuit." Then the Thanksgiving in German. (f. f1^a) Then the Blessing. (f. f2^a)
Order of the mass where there are no schools: on festivals, the people sing a German psalm chosen by the Pfarrherr, then in place of the Epistle the Pfarrherr reads the exhortation to prayer for alle Stend, with the Vater Unser, Glaube, Ten Commandments, baptism, keys, communion, as follows (f. f2^b). Then the Gospel and sermon from the pulpit (f. g2^b). Then communion as above, except that the Vater Unser is sung or said after the exhortation, then the Verba are sung or said. During the distribution "Gott sey gelobet," "Jesus Christus unser Heyland" or another hymn is sung. Then the Collect and Blessing. (g3^a) If there are no communicants, after the sermon "Es wölle vns Gott genedig sein" or "Gott der Vater wone vns bey" and a collect are sung, then the Blessing. (f. g3^b) Weekdays: a service should be held at least once a week (no particular day): the Litany is prayed or sung (the people can quickly learn the responses to what the Pfarrherr sings). (f. g4^b) Then a Collect de pace or d.t. Then the sermon is read, then the Blessing, the entire service to last about a half hour. (f. h1^a)
Vespers: a German psalm is sung, then a chapter is read from the Old Testament, then a sermon on the catechism (or catechism examination). It would be even better if the people could learn to sing the Magnificat or Nunc dimittis in German. Then a Collect and the Blessing. (f. h1^b)
Festivals: New Year's or Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification (f. s3^b), Matthias, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), Philip and James, Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul, James, Assumption (not because it is scriptural, but on account of the people: the Visitation is to be treated on this day), Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Andrew, Thomas, Christmas, St. Stephen (f. s4^a).
Nürnberg 1545 (Nürnberg, 1545) s [8/18/93] - private
Dietrich, Vitus. Agend Büchlein für die Pfar-Herren auff dem Land. The red type is printed slightly too low on the title page and is so superimposed on the black type.
[Within a compartment: columns on pedestals with an arch, 146 @ 108 mm. enclosing 70 @ 53 mm.] A\gend | Büchlein für die | Pfarrherrn auff | dem Land. Durch | Vitum Dietrich. | {M. D. XLV.} || [Colophon:] Ged#ruckt zu Nürnberg/ durch Johan vom | Berg/ vnnd Vlrich Neuber/ wonhafft auff | dem Newenbaw/ bey der Kalckhütten. | 1545.
%Size: 145 @ 99 mm. (ã3^a) %Collation: 4º: ã^4, ^ãA^4, a–2F^4; $1–3 signed (–ã1,3 g3 h3 m3 F3) %Pagination: 124 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1545 04 - a1 ã2 ic : a2 ^ãA3 er$werd - b1 a m : b2 F2 züchtig %Preface: ... `Vitus Dietrich, Prediger in der Sebalder Pfarrkirch zu Nürmberg." %Music: Verba #3 (e2^b–e3^b), Our Father #3 (e3^b–e4^a), German Pax vobiscum (e4^b), Hymn `Als Jesus Christus vnser Herr" (f1^a), Litany (h2^b–h4^b)
Changes from the 1543 edition:
Order of mass where there are schools: the part about teaching the congregation to sing is omitted, and some of the text is changed for purposes of clarification. It is noted that the choir answers "Amen" to "Dominus vobiscum" (before the collect!). (f. b4^a) After the Epistle the Priester may read whatever is most serviceable to his office, or the scholars may sing an Alleluia and Gradual from Scripture or a German psalm. (f. d4^b) During the distribution the scholars sing the Agnus Dei, or the entire church sings "Als Jesus Christus vnser Herr" (to the Genevan tune). (f. f1^a)
The rest of the services and the list of festivals are the same as in 1543.
Nürnberg 1569 (Nürnberg, 1569) r Dietrich, Vitus. Agend Büchlein für die Pfar-Herren auff dem Land.
A reprint of the 1545 edition.
Nürnberg 1586 (Nürnberg, 1586) s [8/11/93] - private
Dietrich, Vitus. Agend Büchlein für die Pfar-Herren auff dem Land. Graff: editions after 1585 do not have the sections on dogma and pastoral theology.
[Within an ornamented compartment, 161 @ 124 mm. enclosing 128 @ 102 mm.] A\gend | B\üch\lein\/ für die | Pfarrherren auff | dem Land. | [emblem: angels displaying crest, 50 @ 77 mm.] | Nürmberg. | [short rule] | {M. D. LXXXVI.} || [Colophon:] Ged#ruckt zu Nürmberg/ durch | Nicolaum Kno#rrn. 1586.
%Size: 151 @ 99 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: a–y^4; $1–3 signed (–a1 e3 h3 k1 n3) %Pagination: 88 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1586 04 - b1 a2 ran : b2 y3 tellet %Preface: none %Music: Verba #3 (e3^a–e3^b), Our Father #3 (e4^a–e4^b)
Differences from the 1569 edition: f. f1^a - in places where there are no Schüler, in 1569 "Als Jhesus Christus vnser Herr" to the Genevan tune was sung during the distribution. In 1586 the congregation may sing whatever is appropriate. In addition, the 1569 order simply said that if there were many communicants the responsory "Discubuit" may be sung; the 1586 order clarifies this by saying the if there are so many communicants that singing a Communio (from Scripture) is not sufficient, this responsory may be sung.
The music to the Litany does not appear in this edition.
Except for these changes the text in the liturgical sections is repeated word for word.
Nürnberg 1639 (Nürnberg, 1639) s - semiofficial
Agend-Büchlein, für die Nürnbergische Kirchendiener, in der Stadt vnd auff dem Land. Cited in Graff 1:52.
{AGEND-} | Büchlein/ | Für die Nürnbergiôche Kirchendie= | ner/ in der Stadt vnd auff | dem Land. | [coat of arms, 52 @ 55 mm.] | Nürnberg/ | [rule] | {M. DC. XXXIX.} || [Colophon:] Gedruckt bey Jeremia Dümlern
%Size: 140 @ 100 mm. (B2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2D^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); 2C1–3, 2D1–2 roman %Pagination: 108 leaves: pp. [{4}] 211 [{1}] %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–A2^b table of contents, A3^a–Dd4^a text, Dd4^b blank %Fingerprint: 1639 04 - b1 A2 ten$ : b2 Bb2 f$den$si %Preface: none %Music: Verba #3 (O4^b–P1^b), Our Father #3 (P1^b–P2^b), Kyries and Gloria incipits for various times of the year (2B3^b–2C4^a), Credo incipits (2C4^a), Benedicamus chants for various times of the year (2C4^b–2D3^a)
Early service in the cities: Gesang, Collecten, Epistel (gelesen), Alleluja or Buápsalm, Evangelium (gelesen), Credo or Glaub (gesungen), Vermahnung an die Communicanten, Wort der Einsetzung (gesungen) with Vatter Unser, Distribution ("Actu"), during which German psalms pertaining to the Communion are sung, (p. 1) Collect, Segen, Vatter Unser (gesungen), Capitel sampt den Summarien, Verkündigung der Feyertäg in der Wochen, Gebet für alle Stände, 6 chief parts (read), Vermahnung für arme Leut, Braut Zettel (gelesen), Vatter Unser, Litaney (gesungen), Gesang: Erhalt vns HErr, Collect and Benedicamus, Gesang vor der Predig, Predig, Gebet nach der Predig, Gesang.
Tagampt (late service) in the cities: same as early service.
Vespers in the cities: "wir[d] erstlich intonirt," Psalm (gesungen), Vermahnung zum Gebet, ein Capitel gelesen, Responsorium oder Hymnus, Magnificat, sampt der Verhör der Catechismusschüler, Predigt, Gesang nach der Predigt, Collect (vor dem Altar), sampt dem Segen. (p. 2)
Early service in the country: Psalm (gesungen), Epistel (gelesen), nachmal gesungen, Evangelium sampt der Auálegung Pancratii (gelesen), Vermahnung, Verba Coen‘ (gesungen) and the Vatter vnser, Actus [distribution] gehalten, Collect (gesungen), Segen (gesprochen).
Tagampt in the country: Psalm (gesungen), sampt einer Collect, Epistel (gelesen) mit der Auálegung Pancratii, nochmal gesungen [i.e., another Psalm], Vermahnung sampt den sechs Hauptstücken (gelesen), Glaub (gesungen), Predigt, Gebet vnnd Gesang, followed by the Segen and Gebet if there are no communicants, otherwise the usual exhortation is read and the service is continued as in the cities.
Vespers in the country: erstlich gesungen, sechs Hauptstück ohne Auálegung vor dem Altar gelesen, Predigt, (p. 3) Kinderlehr, Gesang, Collect, Segen.
In the villages where there is no afternoon sermon: erstlich gesungen, Lection auá den Fragstücklein mit kurtzer Erklarung (read), Kinderlehr, endlich gesungen, Collect, Segen. (p. 4)
The tones for the Words of Institution, Our Father and Pax are on p. 108–12 (see music notes, p. 6). p. 189–91 - festivals: New Year's (or Circumcision), Epiphany, Purification, Matthias, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), SS. Philip and James, Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity, St. John the Baptist, SS. Peter and Paul, St. James, Visitation (observed on August 15), Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude. Andrew, Thomas, Christmas and St. Stephen. p. 194–209 - musical notation for Kyrie, Gloria intonation and Benedicamus Domino for high festivals.
Nürnberg 1664 (Nürnberg, 1664) s [2/22/93] - parish
Officium sacrum, quod in AEde D. Sebaldi Norimbergensium primariƒ, singulis anni diebus exhiberi solet... Ordo officii sacri, S. AEdi Laurentian‘ consuetus. Cited in Graff 1:52.
%Size: 108 @ 48 mm. (a3^a) %Collation: 8º: a^1^2, A–N^1^2; $1–7 signed (–a1 A7); A1 A3 A5 A6 H3 I3 K1 K2 K4 K6 L2 L6 italic; I7 signed H7 %Pagination: 168 leaves: pp. [{24}] 1–310 [{2}] (misnumbering 198 as 108, 206 as 106, 254 as 354) %Contents: a1^a title, a1^b blank, a2^a–a12^b preface, A1^a–N11^b text, N12^a–N12^b index of hymns %Fingerprint: 1664 08 - a1 a2 ,$e : a2 a7 $l‘ - b1 A le : b2 N7 $ple %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: none
Order at St. Sebald.
Saturday Vespers: (1) discantist‘ intonant: Deus in adjutorium meum intende. (2) Respondetur a Choro: Domine ad adjuvandum me festina! Gloria Patri... (p. 1) (3) Germanica Cantio. (4) Habetur Concio. (5) Germanica Cantio. (6) Septimanarius canit: Der HErr sey mit Uns allen. (7) Respondetur: Amen. (8) Septimanarius Collectam canit. (9) Respondetur: Amen. (10) Discantist‘ ad altare canunt: Benedicamus Domino. (11) Respondetur: Deo dicamus gratias. NOTE: During Advent and Easter, in place of the German hymn no. 5 above: (1) Organista modulatur. (2) Canitur Responsorii Versiculus. (3) Organista modulatur. (4) Canitur: Gloria Patri &c. (5) Discantist‘ ad altare procedunt, & Versiculum, qui te tempore est, flexis genibus, canum. (p. 2) (6) Septimanarius Antiphon‘ partem pr‘cantat. (7) Organista modulatur super Magnificat. Unius antem Versus loco Organista modulatur, alter … Choro canitur. Hoc finito, (8) Septimanarius canit, ut num. 6. pag. 2. NOTES: From Advent I to Epiphany and Easter to Exaudi inclusive the organ plays, the rest being done choraliter ("Organon pulsatur, & reliqua Choraliter tractantur.") Also: "Si incidant Feri‘ vel Festum solemne, die pr‘cedente in Officio Vespertino, & in ipsis Feriis vel Festo, loco Choralis alis habetur Musica Figuralis. Sed Officium Matutinum in Festis vel Feriis semper Choraliter decantatur." (p. 3)
Sunday Matins: (1) Introitus. (2) Kyrie. (3) Septimanarius canit: Gloria in excelsis Deo. (4) Respondetur … Choro: et in terra pax... (p. 4) (5) Septimanarius: Der Herr sey mit uns allen. (6) Resp.: Amen. (7) Septimanarius Collectam canit. (8) Resp.: Amen. (p. 5) (9) Epistle (read by Diaconus). (10) Tract, Hallelujah or Sequence, or German hymn by the congregation. (11) Deacon reads the Gospel. (12) Septimanarius inchoat Symbolum Nicenum. (13) Chorus: Patrem omnipotentem... (p. 6) Occasionally "Wir glauben all" may be sung by the congregation. (14) Exhortation to the Communion is read. (15) Diaconus sings the Words of Institution: Unser Herr Jesus etc. (16) Chorus: Sanctus... (p. 8) (17) Diaconus chants the Lord's Prayer in German. (18) Resp.: Amen. (19) Diaconus: Der Fried des HERren sey mit Euch allen. (20) Resp.: Amen. (21) During the distribution the congregation sings German hymns according to the number of communicants. (22) Deacon sings: Der Herr sey mit Uns allen. (23) Resp.: Amen. (24) Diaconus: Collectam canit. (25) Resp.: Amen. (p. 9) (26) Diaconi canunt: Benedicamus Domino [Hallelujah]. (27) Respondetur: DEO discamus gratias [Hallelujah]. (28) Diaconus benedictionem Populo annunciat.
Officium ante concionem: (1) Finito Officio Matutine, canitur … Choro: Vater Unser im Him[m]elreich. (2) Deacon reads a chapter from the Old Testament cui subjunguntur Capita Catechismi. (3) Litania, & Cantio: Erhalt uns Herr. (4) Septimanarius: Der Herr sey mit Uns allen. (5) Resp.: Amen. (6) Diaconus Collectam canit. (7) Resp.: Amen. (8) Diaconus: Benedicamus Domino. (p. 10) (9) Resp.: Deo dicamus gratias. (10) Cantio: Nun bitten wir den H. Geist or another hymn de tempore. (11) Hebetur Concio. (12) Germanica Cantio. OFFICIUM POST CONCIONEM: Convenit cum Officio Matutino usq[ue], ad num. 14. ubi, post Symbolum Nicenum, omissis intermediis, finitur iis, qu‘ habentur num. 22 & seqq. pag. 9. NOTE: From Advent I to Purification and Easter to Exaudi the following is observed: (1) Organista modulatur. (2) Canitur Introitus Versiculus. (3) Organista modulatur. (4) Canitur Introitus, usq[ue] ad versiculum. (5) Organista modulatur. (p. 11) (6) Chorus: Kyrie eleison. (7) Organista modulatur, loco Christe eleison. (8) Chorus: Kyrie eleison. (9) Septimanarius canit: Gloria in excelsis DEO. (10) Organista modulatur super Missa, & canit Chorus Versiculum, alternis vicibus. Similiter, Die Natali & Resurrectionis Domini, quando Tractus canitur, pars prior omittitur, & ejus vice Organista modulatur. Vespers: (1) Diaconus: DEus in adjutorium, &c. (2) Resp.: Domine ad adjuvandum, &c. (3) Diaconus pr‘cantat Antiphon‘ partem. (p. 12) (4) Psalmi alicujus 4. 5, aut 6. Versiculi, secondum Exemplar Romanum vulgata versionis, alternatim canuntur. (5) Antiphona cantur, cujus partem Diaconus pr‘cantaverat. (6) Diaconus Caput legit ex Vet. Testamento. (7) Finito capite, respondetur … Choro: DEO gratias. (8) Responsorium, aut quid de tempore canitur. (9) Discantist‘ procedentes ad altare, Versiculum de tempore canunt. (10) Diaconus Antiphonam intonat. (11) Discantist‘ intonant: Magnificat. (12) Respondet plenus Chorus: Anima mea Dominum... (p. 13–14) (13) Antiphona canitur, qu‘ … Diacono pr‘cantata fuerat. (14) Diaconus: Der HERR sey mit Uns allen. (15) Resp.: Amen. (16) Diaconus Collectam canit. (17) Resp.: Amen. (18) Discantist‘ ad altare canunt: Benedicamus Domino. (19) Resp.: Deo dicamus gratias. (20) Habetur Concio. (21) Germanica Cantio. (p. 15)
Monday Matins: (1) Septimanarius: Deus in adjutorium &c. (2) Respondent reliqui Diaconi: Domine... (3) Sept.: Antiphon‘ partem pr‘cantat. (4) Diaconi Psalmum... canunt. (5) Canunt Antiphonam, … Septimanario pr‘cantatam. (6) Epistle read. (7) Tract or Hallelujah. (8) Gospel. (9) Several verses from a German hymn. (10) Septim: Der HErr sey mit Uns allen. (p. 16) (11) Other diaconi respond: Amen. (12) Sept: Collectam canit. (13) Resp.: Amen. (14) Septim: Benedicamus Domino. (15) Resp.: Deo dicamus gratias.
Monday ad concionem: (1) German hymn. (2) Concio held. (3) German hymn. (4) Diaconus: Gott gib Fried in deinem Lande. (5) Resp.: Glück und Heil zu allem Stande. (6) Diaconus: chants collect. (7) Resp.: Amen. (8) Diaconus Benedictionem dicit.
Monday officium chori (chorus diaconorum): (1) Sept: Deus in adjutorium... (p. 17) (2) Other diaconi respond: Domine... (3) Sept: Antiphon‘ partim pr‘cantat. (4) Other deacons sing a psalm in alternatim according to the Latin Vulgate. (5) They sing the antiphon, led off by the Sept. (6) Lesson from the Old Testament. The Schüler enter the church with the rector and cantor. (7) Diaconi sing: Deo gratias. (8) Sept.: Der Herr sey mit Uns allen. (9) Resp.: Amen. (10) Sept. Collectam canit. (11) Resp.: Amen. (12) Sept.: Benedicamus Domino. (13) Resp. Diaconi: DEO dicamus gratias. (p. 18) (chorus scholasticorum): (1) Diaconus: Deus in adjutorium &c. (2) Resp.: Domine ad adjuvandum &c. (3) Diaconus Antiphonam intonat. (4) Psalmi alicujus 4. vel 6. Versiculi canuntur. (5) Antiphona canitur, quam Diaconus intonavit. (6) Caput ex Epistolis Apostolorum legitur. (7) Tractus sive Hallelujah. (8) Caput ex Evangelistis legitur. (9) Cantio: Erhalt uns HErr bey deinem Wort. (10) Diaconus: Der HERR sey mit Uns allen. (11) Resp.: Amen. (12) Diaconus Collectam canit. (13) Resp.: Amen. (14) Diaconus: Benedicamus Domino. (p. 19) (15) Resp.: Deo dicamus gratias.
Monday Vespers: similar to Sunday, "nisi quod Collect‘ num. 16. pr‘mittatur Cantio Erhalt uns HErr, &c. omissis Concione & Cantione num. 20. & seq."
Tuesday Matins and Chori: see Monday.
Tuesday Vespers: as Sunday, but (22) Diaconus: Der HERR sey mit Uns allen. (23) Resp.: Amen. (24) Diaconus Collectam canit. Wednesday Officium precum: as in Matins on Monday (p. 20), except that in place of the sermon a chapter is read from the Old Testament, and Preces public‘ is held.
Wednesday Officium Chori: as on Monday.
Wednesday Vespers: as on Sunday, except (20) Pr‘legitur qu‘dam Exegesis Catechismi minoris, ex Libb. Normalibus. (21) Canitur Litania. (22) Cantio: Erhalt uns HErr bey deinem Wort. (23) Canitur Collecta. There are additional notes to this service detailing exceptions at certain times of the year. (p. 21)
Thursday services: as on Monday.
Friday Matins, Precum and Vespers: see p. 20, omitting the exegesis of the catechism and the litany.
Friday Officium Chori: as on Monday, except that at the conclusion is sung the responsory "Tenebr‘ fact‘ sunt..." (p. 23)
Saturday Matins and Chori: see Monday. (p. 24)
The rest of the book (except for the service at St. Lorenz) consists of propers and hymns for the year.
Services at St. Lorenz:
Saturday Vespers: (1) Minister: Deus in adjutorium meum intende! (2) Chorus Scholasticorum: Domine ad adjuvandum me festina! Gloria, &c. (3) Minister Eccl. pr‘it prima verba Antiphon‘, ad pr‘sens tempus destinat‘. (4) Scholastici, per duos choros alternatim, Psalmum aliquem, vel (p. 217) totum, vel sectionem ejus canunt, juxta tonum, qui est Antiphon‘, quam pr‘cinebat Minister. (5) Gloria Patri, then the antiphon again. (6) A German penitential hymn follows. (7) Hanc excipit Concio. (8) Confession and absolution, & post Or. Dominicam additur Benedictio e suggestu. (9) Tunc clausula Germanic‘ alicujus Cantionis decantatur. (10) Minister Ecclesi‘, qui ordinarie solet esse Hebdomadarius, Collectam canit. (11) Resp. Scholastici: Amen. (12) Ante & post Concionem, audiuntur Confitentes, si adfuerint. (p. 218) There are further instructions (with a completely new order) for festivals and other occasions, which I can look at again if I want.
Sunday Matins (with communion): Items 1 through 20 as at St. Sebald, but before the German hymns (item 21) the Scholastici sing: Agnus Dei, qui tollis... (p. 221) From Advent to Purification and from Easter to Trinity, the following form is used: (1) Accedentibus ad S. Altare tribus Ministris, Organoedus incipit pr‘ludere. (2) Chorus canit versiculum ad presens festum ordinatum. (3) Organoedus modulatur. (4) Chorus canit Introitum. Quoties Organa pulsantur, Versiculus ante Introitum decantatur: in cateris ab Introitu sit initium. (5) Organa pulsantur. (6) Sequitur, Kyrie Eleison. (7) Organa interveniunt. (8) Additur, Christe Eleison. (9) Organa denu• audiuntur. (10) Additur, Kyrie Eleison. (11) Minister canit: Gloria in Excelsis Deo. (12) Organista modulatur. (p. 222) (13) Chorus canit verba: Gratias agimus Tibi, usque J.C. altissime. (supra p. 4. n. 4.) (14) Organista modulatur. (15) Chorus addit: Quoniam Tu solus, usq[ue], Jesu Christe (supra p. 5. ibid.) (16) Minister Collectam canit. (17) Legitur pars aliqua ex Epistolis Apostolorum, vel lectio aliqua infesto solennis. (18) Pulsantur organa. (19) Chorus decantat vel Hallelujah, vel Tractum, vel Sequentia. (20) Legitur pars aliqua ex Evangelistus, vel Evangelium in festo solenne. (21) Minister, qui ad Altare stat, pr‘cinit verba: Credo in unum DEum. (22) Chorus Symbolum persequitur. (vid. supra p. 6. n. 13) (23) Legitur Exhortatio ad Communicantes. (24) Canuntur verba Coen‘. (p. 223) (25) Organa pulsantur. (26) Canit Chorus: Sanctus. (27) Iterum pulsantur Organa. (28) Canit Chorus: Pleni sunt coeli & terra gloriƒ tuƒ. (29) Terti—m pulsantur Organa. (30) Addit Chorus: Benedictus, qui venit in nomine Domini. (31) Minister decantat Or. Dominicam. (32) Chorus addit, Amen. (33) minister, conversa facie ad populum, canit: Der Fried des HErren sey mit euch allen! (34) Chorus addit: Amen! (35) Organista modulatur. (36) Chorus canit: Agnus DEI, &c. ut p. 221. (37) Organista modulatur. (38) Chorus canit: Agnus DEI, &c. (p. 224) (39) Organistƒ iterum modulatur. (40) Chorus addit: Agnus DEI, &c. da nobis Pacem. (41) Organista pr‘it tonum Germanic‘ Cantionis. (42) Chorus addit Cantionem ipsam, & h‘c continuantur usa, ad finem. (43) Quando Sacramenti communio facta est omnibus, descendentibus duobus Ministris ex Altari, Septimanarius DEO gratias acturus Collectam canit. (44) Stantes duo Ministri ante Altare canunt: Benedicamus Domino. [In Septuagesima, & … Festo Paschatis usq[ue] Trinitatis, additur Hallelujah.] (45) Chorus Resp.: DEO dicamus gratias. (46) Additƒ benedictione … septimanario, Missa est. (p. 225)
There are also services for Concio, Vespers and the remainder of the week; I have not copied these.
On second thought, the Vespers for Sunday is sufficiently different from St. Sebald to outline: (1) Discantista pr‘cinunt: DEus in adjutorium, &c. (2) Chorus figuraliter respondet: Domine ad adjuvandu[m], &c. (3) Discantist‘ prima verba Antiphon‘ alicujus canunt. (4) Organista modulatur. (5) Chorus canit figuraliter. (6) Legitur Capitulum Š V. T. cum Summario. (p. 227) (7) Organa pulsantur. (8) Sequitur Canticum Deipar‘, quod figuraliter canitur. (9) Collecta decantatur. (10) Discantist‘ in acie Chori canunt: Benedicamus, &c. (11) Chorus figuraliter Resp. DEO dicamus, &c. (12) Concio habetur, post quam Benedictio populo annunciatur Š suggestu. (13) Germanic‘ Cantionis parte aliquƒ decantatƒ, finis est. There is a slightly different order for Advent to Purification (no mention of Easter). (p. 228)
Nürnberg 1755 (Nürnberg, 1755) s [8/11/93] - official
Agend-Büchlein, für die Nürnbergische Kirchendiener.
{AGEND-} | B\üchlein/ | für die | N\ürnbergiôche K\irchendiener | in der | S\tadt und auf dem L\ande. | [crest, 56 @ 64 mm.] | N\ürnberg/ 1755. | [double rule] | Gedruckt bey Joh. Joôeph Fleiôchmann, Raths= und Canzley=Buchdrucker.
%Size: 153 @ 114 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A^4(A1+é^2) B–R^4 S^2; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 72 leaves: pp. {1–2} [{4}] 3–140 [#=144]
%Fingerprint: 1755 04 - b1 A2 end : b2 R3 s$ %Preface: ... `Decretum in Senatu den 29. Nov. 1754" %Music: Verba #3 (L4^b–M1^b), Our Father #3 (M1^b–M2^b), Kyries and Gloria incipits for various times of the year (Q2^b–R2^b), Credo incipits (R2^b), Benedicamus chants for various times of the year (R3^a–S1^b)
Liturgical prescriptions the same as 1639, with the following exceptions:
After the description of Sunday Vespers in the cities a paragraph is inserted describing the situation on festivals that fall on a weekday: after the early Frühmesse (Matins) two hymns, the Vater Unser and a hymn d.t., are sung (p. 4), then the exhortation to prayer is read from the pulpit, then the Vater Unser is prayed, a chapter is read, "Erhalt uns Herr," a Collect and another hymn are sung, and the sermon is preached. Then another hymn is sung, and in the churches where it is customary Tagampt is held. In Vespers "wird musicirt," the exhortation to prayer read, the Vater Unser prayed, another chapter is read, the Magnificat is musicirt, closing with the Collect (p. 5).
Good Friday is added to the list of holy days (p. 120). An explanation is given as to why Visitation is moved to August 15 (Assumption), as it was in the 1639 order: SS. Peter and Paul falls in the same week as Visitation should, and that would be too many holy days in one week, and the farmers should not be kept from their work, so Visitiation is observed on the day of Assumption.
Oberlausitz 1696 (Budissin [Bautzen], 1696) s [7/15/97] - official
Die evangelische Kirchen-Agenda auff sonderbahre Verordnung der gesambten Stände des Marggrafenthumbs Ober-Lausitz... in die Wendische Sprache übsers. Cited in Graff 1:26. Parallel texts in Wendish and German, with Wendish on odd pages and German on even. Graff: used the kursächsische KO, translated into Wendish from Duke Heinrich 1539, KO. 1580; Schraders Formularbuch, et al.: Evang. Kirchenagende... in die wendische Sprache übersetzet, Bautzen.
Die | E\vang\eliôch\e | K\irch\en= | {AGENDA,} | Auff ôonderbahre Verordnung | D\er geôambten S\tände des M\arg= | graffthumbs Ober=Lausitz/ von Land | und Städten/ | in | Die Wendiôche Sprache überôetzet/ | und nunmehr | zum gemeinen Gebrauch | D\er E\vangeliôchen O\ber-L\auôitzi= | ôchen Kirchen | in | offentlichen Druck gegeben. | [rule] | BUDJSSJN/ | Jn Verlegung Johann Wiliôch/ | druckts Andreas Richter/ An. 1696.
%Size: [not measured from the facsimile reprint] %Collation: 4º: A^4 ^2A–S^4 (–S4); $1–2 signed (–A1–2 ^2A1 +A3 ^2A3 B3 D–F3) %Pagination: 75 leaves: pp. [{8}] {1–3} 4–61 {62} 63–142
%Fingerprint: 1696 04 - b1 A3 en/ : b2 S2 twoje %Preface: `Budiáin, den 1. Novembr. 1695. M. Paulus Pr‘torius, Archi-Diaconus an der Evangelischen Haupt- und Pfarr-Kirchen zu S. Petri, in Budiáin. Tobias Zschuderly, Pfarr zu Lohse. Johann Christoph. Crüger, Pfarr zu Milckel. Georgius Matth‘i, Pfarr zu Colm. Micha‰l Rätze, Diacon. bey S. Micha‰lis in Budiáin." %Music: none
Bibliographical information and notes from the facsimile reprint by Riotte. The notes are from the German text. Page numbers are those of the original book.
The administration of Holy Communion: Vater Unser, Words of Institution (p. 74), distribution formula (p. 76), Thanksgiving versicles ("Dancket dem HErrn, denn Er ist freundlich, Halleluja: Und seine Güte währet ewiglich, Halleluia") and collect, then the Benediction. (p. 78)
Versicles and collects for Sundays and festivals (p. 80–141).
Oberösterreich 1617 (Tübingen, 1617) s [2/16/93] - private
Christliche Kirchen-Agenda so bey öffentlichem Gottesdienst der Gemeinden Augspurgischer Confession nutzlich gebraucht worden kan. Cited in Graff 1:65. The Wolfenbüttel catalog classifies this as a Tübingen order, but Graff says it is from Österreich ober der Enns. Graff: generally related to the Oberdt. orders, but in many respects is also close to the north German orders; for example, weekly communion, the presence of three renunciation questions in the baptismal rite.
%Size: 147 @ 91 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2X^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); 2A3 2B1 2B3 roman %Pagination: 176 leaves: pp. [{2}] 1–340 [{10}] %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–B2^b judgments from the theology faculties at Wittenberg and Tübingen, B3^a–2V3^b text, 2V4^a–2X3^b table of contents, 2X4^a colophon, 2X4^b blank %Fingerprint: 1617 04 - b1 A2 elitiôc : b2 2X3 .$Vm %Preface: `Vorrede Der Theologischen Facultät bey der Churfürstlichen Vniversitet Wittenberg" ... `Wittenberg am ersten Sonntag nach Epiphani‘ Anno Christi 1617. Decanus, Senior, vnd Doctores der Theologischen Facultät zu Wittenberg." || `Vorrede Decani vnd Professorum der Theologischen Facultet zu Tübingen" ... `Geben zu Tübingen, Sontags Reminiscere, Anni 1617. Decanus vnd Professores der Theologischen Facultet daselbsten." %Music: none
Subscription to the confessions, including the Formula, is expected (p. 14).
Chapter 12 (p. 146–57): "Von dem heiligen Abendmal vnsers HErrn Jesu Christi"
While the Kirchendiener prepares the elements the hymn "Dancksagen wir alle" or another brief hymn should be sung. Then comes the exhortation. (p. 146) Then a brief prayer and the Vatter Unser (p. 151). Then the Words of Institution are spoken in a clear voice (p. 152). Then comes the distribution (p. 154), during which the congregation sings "Gott sey gelobet" or "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" or another appropriate hymn (p. 155). Then comes the Thanksgiving and Aaronic Benediction (p. 155–57). p. 193–200 - directory of festivals, with Epistles and Gospels. Festivals are: Andre‘, Nicolai, Thom‘, Christ Abend, Christtag, S. Stephans Tag, S. Johannis deá Evangelisten, New Jahrs-Tag, Epiphani‘ oder Drey König-Tag, Pauli Bekehrung, Reinigung Mari‘ oder Liechtmeá, Matthi‘, Mari‘ verkündigung, Grünen Donnerstag, Car Freytag, Oster Abend, Oster Montag, Oster Erichstag, Georgij, Philippi vnd Jacobi, Himmelfahrt Christi, Pfingstabend, Pfingst Montag, Pfingst Erichstag, Fronleichnamstag [!], Johannis deá Täuffers, Petri vnd Pauli, Mari‘ heimsuchung, Mari‘ Magdalen‘, Jacobi, Laurentij, Mari‘ Himmelfahrt, Bartholomei, Mari‘ Geburg, Matthei, Michaelis, Simonis vnd Jud‘, Allerheiligen, Martini, Catharin‘.
Chapter 21 (p. 200–10): "Von der Sontags Früepredigt, vnd verrichtung deá Gottesdiensts bey derselbigen" - When the bells have ended there is a "Figural vnd Choral Gesang, auff die Zeit vnd vorhabendes Evangelium... nach gelegenheit jeder Kirchen vnd Orts." Then comes a Vermahnung, Beicht, Absolution and Gebet (p. 200). Then a piece of the Catechism relating to communion is read (p. 203–204). Then another ("widerumb") Figural and Choral Gesang, "auff die Zeit vnd vorhabendes Evangelium sich schickende, nach Gelegenheit jeder Kirchen vnd Orts verrichtet." (p. 204) Then the Prediger goes to the Cantzel and, after the usual Eingang and Vatter Unser, reads the Gospel and preaches the sermon. Then come announcements and introduction of the newly married, then the prayer (p. 205) and Vatter Unser. If there is communion, the hymn "Danck sagen wir alle" or another brief hymn is sung, then the service continues as above under "Communion." (p. 209) If there is no communion, an appropriate hymn is sung, followed by the Aaronic Benediction (p. 210). Chapter 22 (p. 211–16): "Von der Sontags Nachmittag- oder Abendpredigt..." - First a hymn related to the catechism text to be read, then the usual Eingang and Vatter Unser, then the reading of the catechism text with a sermon on it. Then the prayers and the Vatter Unser, concluding with the usual Voto and Clausula. Then two children recite the catechism lesson. Then a collect and the Vatter Unser, the usual Voto and Clausula, and a hymn (a Gloria or other appropriate hymn), then the Blessing.
Chapter 23 (p. 216–19): "Von der Christlichen hohen Fest..." - after the bells comes figural and choral Gesang (nach gelegenheit jeder Kirchen vnd Orts), then the usual Eingang and Vatter Unser, the Gospel and sermon. Then the exhortation to prayer, the prayer, Vatter Unser, the usual Voto and Clausula auff das Vatter Vnser, hymn, blessing. If there is communion (which is held on Christmas, New Year's Day, Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost and Trinity), the service is continued after the sermon as on a communion Sunday. (p. 217) Hymns at the start of the sermon: Christmas: Ein Kindelein so löbelich (p. 217); Easter: Christ ist erstanden; Ascension: Christ fuhr gen Himmel; Pentecost: Kom heiliger Geist HErre.
Chapter 25 (p. 220–22): "Von der Erichstags oder Dienstags Predigt..." - opens with a hymn on the text, then the usual Eingang and Vatter Unser, lesson and sermon, exhortation to prayer, prayer, Vatter Unser, hymn (p. 221), blessing.
Chapter 26 (p. 222–31): "Von der Pfintztags oder Donners Tags Predigt..." - same as on Tuesday, except that the Litany follows the sermon instead of a prayer, collect, Vatter Unser, hymn, blessing. (p. 222) The Litany is printed in full, without music.
Chapter 27 (p. 232–39): "von den Früe Gebeten..." - held on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday. First comes a hymn based on the reading, then the usual Eingang. (p. 232) A chapter from the Bible is read with summary (either improvised or read) (the Bible is read in order from beginning to end). Then the exhortation to thanksgiving, (p. 233) a prayer with Vatter Unser, then a Gloria, Verleih uns Frieden or something else appropriate is sung (p. 238), then the Blessing (p. 239).
Chapter 28 (p. 240–43): "Von Jährlicher Erklärung deá Passions" - 6 services: Thursday after Laetare, Sunday Judica (afternoon or evening service), Tuesday after Judica, Thursday after Judica, Good Friday, Easter Eve (p. 241). Order of service: "Gesang vor der Predigt: Eingang: Vatter Vnser: Verlesung deá Texts: Auálegung desselbigen: Vnd nach der Predigt mit einem Gebet de Textu, vnd vom Leiden Christi: Fürbit: Vatter Vnser: Gesang vnd Seegen" (p. 242), except that on Thursday the Litany replaces the Gebet de Textu, and on Good Friday communion is held (p. 243).
Oels 1664 (Oels, 1664) s [8/6/93] - official
Agenda, oder Ordnung derer evangelischen Kirchen im Oelánischen Fürstenthum. Cited in Graff 1:27. Graff found this source in Berlin. Graff: expanded from the 1592 ed.
{AGENDA,} | Oder | O\R\D\N\U\N\G\ | D\erer E\vang\eliôch\en K\irchen | im Oelániôchen Fürôtenthum und zugeh#örigen | Weichbildern/ | Auff gnädigen Befehl J. F. G. Hertzog Carls | zu Münôterberg/ dieôes Nahmens des Anderen/ erôtlich | geôtellt und zuôammenbracht/ und der Ehrwürdigen Prie= | ôterôchafft übergeben | {Ao.} 1593: | Numehro aber auff gnädige Verordnung | J\. F\. G\. H\ertzog {SYLVII} | zu Würtenberg und Teck/ auch in Schleôien zur Oelô= | ôen/ #&c. {revidiret} und zum Druck befödert | {Ao.} 1664. | [ornamented rule] | Gedruckt in der Fürôtl. Reôidentz Stadt Oelá/ bey | Johann Seyfferten. || [{stet:} Numehro] %Size: 158 @ 114 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: A–B^4 ^éC^2 C–K^4 L^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 ^éC2 L2); C2 signed E2 %Pagination: 44 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1664 04 - b1 A2 chôt : b2 L t$ %Preface: `VOn Gottes Gnaden Wir Carll, Hertzog zu Münsterberg in Schlesien zur Oeláen, Grafe zu Glatz, &c." ... `Geben zur Oelssen unter Unserm ufgedrucktem Fürstlichen Secret, den 3. May der wenigern Zahl im Drey und Neuntzigsten Jahre. Carll, Hertzog zu Münsterberg." || ... `Geschrieben aufm Pfarrhofe zur Oláen, den 15 Septembris, im Jahr der lezten Zeit 1592. Melchior Eccardus Pastor & Superintendens." %Music: Our Father #2 (^éC1^a–^éC1^b), Verba #1 (^éC1^b–éC2^b)
After the sermon is a confession and absolution, prayers and announcements (f. B2^a–B4^a) Then the exhortation to the communicants (f. B4^a). Then the Verba and Vater Unser are sung (f. ^éC1^a). Then the Prayer of Humble Access and Words of Institution, and distribution (f. C1^a). Then the Thanksgiving and Benediction (f. C1^b).
Oels 1664 (Oels, 1664) s [8/6/93] - visitation
Nothwendige Kirchen-Constitution.
Nothwendige | K\irch\en={Conôtitution,} | welche | für die ôämtlichen Evangeliôchen Gemeinden | Oelániôchen F#ºrôtenthumá/ | auf die in ôelbigem {Anno} 1662 und 63 gehaltene | und glücklich verbrachte | {Viôitation,} | Der Durchlauchtige/ Hochgebohrne Fürôt | und Herr/ Herr | {SYLVIUS,} | H\ertzog zu W\#ürtemberg\ und | Teck/ auch in Schleôien zur Oeláen/ Graf | zu Montbelgart/ Herr zu Heiden= | heim/ Sternberg und Medzibor/ | Durch gewiôôe darzu {®deputirte¯} und beôchriebene S. Fürôtl. | Sn. {Conôiôtorial}= und Land= Räthe/ auch Pfarrer und {Seniores,} | in unterôchiedenen {Puncten} und {Articuln} verfaôôen laôôen/ | {Anno 1664.} | [ornamented rule] | OELS/ | Gedruckt bey Johann Seyffart.
%Size: 156 @ 110 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: ã^2, A–F^4; $1–3 signed (–B3) %Pagination: 26 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1664 04 - b1 A u : b2 F3 men %Preface: `VOn Gottes gnaden, wir Elisabeth Maria, verwittibte Hertzogen zu Württemberg und Teck, gebohrne Hertzogin in Schlesien zu Münsterberg und Oels, Gräfin zu Montbellgarth und Glatz, Fraw zu Haydenheimb, Sternberg uud [{sic}] Medtzibohr &c." ... `So geschehen zur Oelá den 20. Decembr. Anno 1664." %Music: none
Instructions from the results of the visitations in the preceding two years.
Many churches do not use the agenda of 1593, or use it only partially, or use a foreign agenda. Everyone is now required to use the revised agenda being published. (f. B2^b)
Festivals: there is great variety in how festivals are observed. Festivals are to be observed in the cities with 2 or 3 sermons and communion; that is, New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation and Michaelis. The apostles' days may be moved to the Sunday if they fall on Saturday or Monday, except in those few places where they are always observed on their own day. (f. B3^a) The Beheading of St. John, which is rarely observed, is to be henceforth observed as a half-day festival. Buá- and Bettage, which in many places are not observed at all, are to be reinstituted (f. B3^b).
Weekly prayer services are not observed in many places, and where they are observed there is no conformity in the day. They are henceforth to be observed in all places on either Wednesday or Friday (f. C1^a)
Directions regarding communion: (1) no Preface is to be used but what is in the agenda; (2) the Vater Unser and Words of Institution are not to be separated by the hymn "Wir gläuben und bekennen frei" as has been the case in some places; (f. C3^b) (6) [3–5 have no bearing on the music] "Wir gläuben und bekennen frei" is sung during the distribution. (f. C4^a)
Oettingen 1707 (Oettingen, 1707) s [2/16/93] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es biáhero... in denen Fürstl. Oettingischen Kirchen gehalten worden ist...
K\irchen= | O\rdnung/ | Wie es biáhero | mit der L\ehr und {CEREMONIEN} | Jn denen | F\ürôtl. O\ettingiôch\\en | K\irchen | gehalten worden iôt/ | Und ins künfftige noch gehalten werden | ôoll. | [ornamented rule] | OETTJNGEN/ | Druckts Stephan Rolck/ Hochf. Hoff=Buchd. | Anno 1707.
%Size: 149 @ 103 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4 2)(^2, A–3X^4 3Y^2; $1–3 signed (–A3 B3 D1 K1 R1 U2 Z3 2P1 3R2 3T2) %Pagination: 276 leaves: pp. [{12}] {1–2} 1–24 {25–26} 27–46 {47–48} 49–72 {73–74} 75–86 {87–88} 89–95 69 97–124 145 126–128 {129–130} 131–154 {155–156} 157–180 {181–182} 183–263 864 265–271 872 273–275 876 277–296 {297–298} 299–320 331–347 248 349–361 262 363–367 268 369–370 571 372–508 {509–510} 511–524 {525–526} 527–541 242 525 544–546 [#=536] [{4}] %Contents: )(1^a title, )(1^b blank, )(2^a–)(4^b official authorization, 2)(1^a–2)(2^b preface, A1^a half title, A1^b blank, A2^a–C4^b text, D1^a half title, D1^b blank, D2^a–F3^b text, F4^a half title, F4^b blank, G1^a–J4^b text, K1^a half title, K1^b blank, K2^a–L3^b text, L4^a half title, L4^b blank, M1^a–Q4^b text, R1^a half title, R1^b blank, R2^a–U1^b text, U2^a half title, U2^b blank, U3^a–Z2^b text, Z3^a half title, Z3^b blank, Z4^a–2O4^b text, 2P1^a half title, 2P1^b blank, 2P2^a–3R1^b text, 3R2^a half title, 3R2^b blank, 3R3^a–3T1^b text, 3T2^a half title, 3T2^b blank, 3T3^a–3X4^b text, 3Y1^a–3Y2^b table of contents %Fingerprint: 1707 04 - a1 )(2 chri : a2 2)(2 eitlich - b1 A2 $Er : b2 3Y2 d$Faôt= %Preface: `Von GOttes Gnaden Wir Albrecht Ernst, deá Heil. Röm. Reichs Fürst zu Oettingen, &c. Der Röm. Kayserl. Mäjestät, wie auch des Löbl. Schwäb. Cräises General-Feld-Marschall Lieutenant, und Obrister über ein Regiment Dragoner." ... `Oettingen, den 27. Jener 1706." %Music: none
The royal authorization mentions the unaltered Augsburg Confession and the Formula of Concord. Their subscription is required on p. 4.
"Ordnung der Predigten" (p. 5–24)
Sunday morning (numbers in original): (1) first bell rung at 7:00, the second at 7:30, the third at 8:00 or 8:15 (p. 5). (2) The service is begun with a hymn related to the Gospel or the sermon. Only the old hymns are to be used. In the court and city a piece is musicirt thereafter. (3) Beicht, Absolution and Bann, then the Epistle. (4) The congregation sings from the royal Oettingen hymnal two hymns: HErr JEsu CHrist dich zu uns wendt, Liebster JEsu wir seynd hier, or Komm H. Geist mit deiner Gnad, "wechselweiá, da unter dem letzten Gesetz." (p. 6) (5) The Pfarrer goes to the Canzel and briefly introduces the Gospel, then reads it and explains it. (p. 7) (6) After the sermon the general prayer is said slowly and with devotion and marriages are announced, also the sick and communicants are included in the prayer. (p. 8) The Vatter Unser is said softly as before the sermon, the holy days are announced, and the service is ended with the Seegen. Then "Nun dancket alle GOtt" is sung, during which the Kirchen- Diener prepares the communion. (p. 9)
Sunday afternoon: Predigt on the Epistle is held at 2:30 (in certain places, at 1:00). In the country (except for Harburg) there is no afternoon Predigt. (1) The Predigt begins after the hymn. (2) After the Predigt the Gebet as in the morning. (3) The sick are included in the prayer. (4) Close with Vatter Unser and Friede GOttes &c. (p. 10) (5) A Lied related to the sermon or a stanza from a well-known Lied is sung. (6) The usual Collect and Blessing is spoken. (p. 11)
Feast days: Observed are Christmas (with St. Stephen's and St. John's days), New Year with Obersttag, Easter (3 days in the city, 2 in the country), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days in the city, 2 in the country), Liechtmeá (Purification), Annunciation, all apostles' days, St. John the Baptist (p. 12). The service is held as usual.
Wochenpredigten: In the cities held on Tuesday and Friday at 8:00. The Kirchendiener goes to the Canzel during the first hymn and gives his Rede with a brief introduction (or the service may be begun with a confession and absolution). After the sermon the usual prayer is done on Tuesday but the Litany on Friday. Otherwise the service is held as on Sunday afternoon. In the country a service is held Fridays from Michaelis to Easter. (p. 15).
Monthly Buá-Predigten: held the first Friday of each month (unless a holy day comes on Thursday or Saturday, in which case the service is held the following week) (p. 21). A Buá-Lied is announced by the Kirchendiener and sung by the choir and congregation. After the confession and absolution a penitential psalm is read. Then "O GOTT du höchster Gnaden hort" is sung. After the sermon comes the Litany, the prayer for the sick, the Vatter Unser and Friede Gottes, and finally a Buá-Lied, the collect and the Seegen. (p. 22)
Annual Buá- Fast- und Bettag und folgender Danck-Fest: Buátag is on All Saints, the Dankfest on the following Sunday. For Buátag, 3 bells, at 7:00, 7:30 and 8:00. Opens with hymn without organ, then the Beicht Absolution und Bann, then a penitential reading (p. 23). Then the Buá-text is explained. After the sermon the Betstunden Gebet with the Vatter Unser, during which the Bet-Glocken are rung. The service is continued as in the monthly Buátagen, except that communion is held. At 2:00 a Predigt is held. On the Danckfest, a specially appointed text is used in place of the gospel. After the sermon "HErr GOtt dich loben wir" or (where a country congregation isn't able to sing it) "Nun lob mein Seel dem HErren," during which all the bells are rung. The remainder of the service is held as on an ordinary Sunday. (p. 24)
"Ordnung der Kinder-Lehren, Betstunden und Beicht-Vespern" (p. 25–46)
Kinderlehren (catechism): held every Sunday throughout the year. First "Nun bitten wir" is sung, then a brief discourse from the Altar or Predigt-Stuhl. (p. 28) Then the small children are instructed and examined by the schoolmaster, the older children and adults by the pastor. Then a prayer, the Vatter Unser, Friede GOttes, a stanza related to the lesson and the Blessing. (p. 29)
Confirmation: instruction is held daily from noon to 1:00 from Septuagesima to Palm Sunday (p. 30).
Betstunden: held Monday to Saturday evenings (or Friday if there is Beicht-Vesper on Saturday) in the city and Monday, Thursday and Friday in the country (in winter the Friday service is omitted). A hymn is sung. Following are the trinitarian invocation, the Beicht, Absolution and Bann, then a chapter from the Bible with the summary. Then the general prayer with prayers for the sick, (p. 38) and the Vatter Unser (which the children speak kneeling). Then the Friede GOttes, the collect and the blessing. (p. 39) Times of the service: cities, winter at 3:00, summer at 4:00; villages 10:00. (p. 40)
Beicht-Vesper: held the day before communion (which is every Sunday and holy day plus Maundy Thursday and Good Friday in the cities; in the country on high feasts and every two, four or six weeks). A penitential hymn is sung. The confessional prayer and the Friede Gottes are read at the altar. The usual Gesez "O Vatter aller frommen" is sung. The collect for Beicht-Vesper and the Vatter Unser are read, followed by the blessing. Those desiring confession remain after the service. (p. 41) p. 42–43 - Regarding required confession and absolution: "1. OB zwar die Beicht und Privat Absolution an ihm selbst ein frey Ding, demnach aus keinem Papistischen Zwang geschehen soll, so ist sie doch vom Anfang der Reformation biá hieher, so wol von wegen der Christlichen Zucht insgemein, als besonders um der unverständigen Willen, und wegen derer, die Trostes bedürfftig sind, bey unsern Kirchen behalten worden, und soll noch ferner in ihrer Ubung bleiben. 2. Daher soll niemand zum Hochwürdigen Sacrament des Leibs und Bluts des HErrn Christi zugelassen werden, er habe sich dann zuvor bey seinem ordentlichen Seelsorger in der [p. 43] Beicht angezeigt, und die Privat Absolution gesucht."
Oettingen 1773 (Oettingen, 1773) s [8/11/93]
Kyrchen-Ordnung... in denen Evangelischen Oettingischen Kyrchen. 2 Aufl.
A reprint (with very minor changes) of the 1707 order.
Oettingen 1774 (Oettingen, 1774) s [8/11/93] - official
Der Oettingischen Kyrchen-Ordnung anderer Theil, welcher die Herrschaftlichen Edikte, Jnhäsive u. Konsistorialverordnungen enthält. Not a complete church order, but rather a summary of changes made by the consistory to the official church order.
[Within an ornamented compartment, 168 @ 134 mm. enclosing 130 @ 109 mm.] Der Oettingiôchen | K\yrchen= | O\rdnung | anderer Theil/ | welcher | die Herrôchaftlichen Edikte/ Jnhäôive | und Konôiôtorialverordnungen | enthält. | [rule] | Oettingen/ | gedruckt bey Johann Heinrich Lohôe/ | Hochfürôtl. Hofbuchdrucker 1774.
%Size: 140 @ 102 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4, A–2B^4; $1–3 signed (–)(1 A1 C3 E1,3 F2 O2 U1 Y1) %Pagination: 104 leaves: pp. [{8}] {1–3} 4–16 {17–19} 20–32 {33–35} 36 {37–39} 40–42 {43–45} 46–78 {79–81} 82–86 {87–89} 90–106 {107–109} 110–152 {153–155} 156–168 {169–171} 172–198 [{2}]
%Fingerprint: 1774 08 - a1 )(2 $ied : a2 )(3 icht - b1 A2 im$ : b2 2B3 ichten %Preface: `Hier tritt auch der andere Theil unserer Oettingis. Kyrchenordnung, ebenfalls unter der Aufsicht und Direktion des Hochfürstl. Oettingis. gemeinschaftlichen Konsistoriums, ans Licht." ... ` Geschrieben Oettingen den 10ten Junius 1774." %Music: none p. 4 - In 1735 sleeping ("Schlafen und Schwätzen") during church services was prohibited. First, the clergyman ("Geistliche") should issue a warning to the people. If this is not enough, someone is to be installed to watch for sleepers and warn them. Repeat offenders will have their names read from the pulpit the week following their offense. p. 8 - in 1714 it was ordered that the Litany be prayed in the Friday sermon.
Öhringen 1556 s [11/5/95] - foundation chapel
Verzeichnus, wie es in den stiftskirchen mit singen und lesen soll gehalten werden etc. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 15:1:103–104.
Notes from Sehling.
Mass: held in Latin or German as in the Brandenburg order. But if it is desired that the "Wort der Wandlung" be sung in Latin at present, they are notated here. The music for the Vatter Unser and the Pax Domini etc. is found in the mass books. (p. 103)
Oldenburg 1573 (Jena, 1573) s [7/22/93] - official
Kirchenordnung... in der Graffschafft Oldenburg. Cited in Graff 1:47. Graff: models were the Mecklenburg order of 1552, the Kalenburg order of 1569 and the Württemberg order.
Kirchenordnung/ | W\ie es mit der R\einen | Lere Göttliches Worts/ vnd austeilung | der Hochwirdigen Sacrament/ auch al= | lerley Chriôtlichen Ceremonien/ Vnd zum | Heiligen Predigambt notwendigen Sa= | chen/ auch in Schulen/ in der | Löblichen Graffôchafft | Oldenburg etc. | Sol eintrechtiglich gehalten | werden. | [emblem, 50 @ 43 mm.] | Gedruckt zu Jhena durch Donatum | Richtzenhan Anno 1573.
%Size: 148 @ 101 mm. (B2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–3A^4 3B^2; $1–4 signed (–A1 A4 B4 N4 2D2 3B2) %Pagination: 190 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1573 04 - b1 A2 n/$v : b2 3B1 cht$au %Preface: `WJR Johann Graff vnd Herr zu Oldenburg vnd Delmenhorst, etc. Vnd wir Antonius Graff vnnd Herr zu Oldenburg vnnd Delmenhorst etc. Gebrüdere" ... `Geben zu Oldenburg, Anno 1573. Den 13. Julij." %Music: Latin Gloria incipits (2C1^b), sample collect (2C2^a), Latin Credo incipits (2C2^b), Our Father #1 (2C4^b), Our Father #3 (2D1^a), Verba #2 (2D1^a–2D1^b), Verba #3 (2D2^a), Verba #5 (2D2^b), Verba #6 (2D3^a)
Saturday and holy day afternoons: Vespers sung at the usual time. The scholars sing 1–3 psalms with antiphon. Then a boy reads a lesson from the New Testament or Ten Commandments, Glaube or Vater Unser at times in Latin and at times in German. Then a responsory and hymn de tempore (pure) (f. 2B2^a), then the Magnificat with antiphon. Then the Priester reads a Collect, then the Chor closes with the Benedicamus Domino. Where there are organs, the organist plays a Motete after the psalms, then the lesson is read, after which the organist begins to play the responsory or hymn (which the organist and Schulmeister should arrange between them), "vn[d] als den[n] in dem Magnificat ein vers vmb den andern schlagen vnd singen." It would help if there were a pure Cantional in all churches and schools, such as the one of Johann Spange[n]berg, or Lucas Lossius, with the German hymnal of Martin Luther. After Vespers is confession. (f. 2B2^b)
Matins on Sundays: not omitted in any place with schools. (f. 2B4^a) At 5:00 in summer and 6:00 in winter the scholars begin to sing 1–2 psalms with the antiphon. Then a boy reads the Epistle in Latin or German. Then the Te Deum is sung, one Sunday in Latin, the other in German with the people; or it is alternated so that one verse is sung by the choir and the next by the people. Then the Benedictus, and the Priester or Diacon closes with a collect.
Early service on Sundays: begins after Matins. A German psalm from Luther's hymnal may be sung. In cities with schools the catechism is preached on at this service. After the sermon the Ten Commandments or Vater Unser or a hymn related to the sermon is sung by the people. (f. 2B4^b) Portions may be omitted in winter for the sake of available light. Where there are no schools Matins may be omitted, although before the sermon if possible 1–2 German psalms or the German "Herrgott dich loben wir" or the German Benedictus can be sung by the people.
Mass or Communion: begins at 7:00 in summer and 8:00 in winter. The Schüler sing the Introit d.t. Then the Kyrie. Then "Gloria in excelsis Deo." (f. 2C1^a) Then the scholars sing the Et in terra "zu zeiten Lateinisch für sich selbst, zu zeiten deutsch, mit dem volck, oder auch vmbgewechselt singen" (see Matins, above). If done in this last fashion, the Opperman or Cüster takes several scholars to assist the congregation in singing its part, so that it becomes used to the words and the melody. Then the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sey mit euch." Then the scholars, or also with the congregation, answer "Vnd mit deinem geist." (f. 2C1^b) Then the Priester turns to the altar and sings a Collect; the Schüler or people answer "Amen." Then the Priester sings or reads the Epistle in German. (f. 2C2^a) Then a Sequence or Alleluia is sung, so that the Schüler receive practice in Latin, or a German psalm is sung from Luther's hymnal by the congregation. Then the Priester sings or reads the Gospel in German. Then he sings the Credo, to which the scholars sing the Latin Patrem from the cantionale of Lossius. Then the people sing the Glaube in German. If time is short the Patrem may be omitted. Then the sermon, in which the Gospel is reread. (f. 2C2^b) It lasts about an hour. Then the exhortation to prayer, then the Vater Unser is said or "Nun bitten wir" is sung. At Christmas "Ein Kindelein" is sung; at Easter "Christ ist erstanden," etc. (f. C3^a) All this is considered part of the sermon. Then the paraphrase of the Vater Unser is read if there is time, with the exhortation to the sacrament, or the Latin Preface is sung. Then the Latin Sanctus. (f. 2C3^b) Then the Vater Unser is sung in German (f. 2C4^b), then the Verba (f. 2D1^a). During the communion is sung "Jhesus Christus vnser heiland," "Gott sey gelobet," Agnus Dei in German or Latin, "Esaia dem Propheten," "Jch dancke dem Herrn," etc., according to whether there are many or few communicants. (f. 2D4^a) At the conclusion "Christe du Lamb Gottes" is sung, and the Priester reads the collect "WJr dancken dir." Then the Benediction, and "Erhalt vns Herr, Verleih uns Friden" is sung. (f. 2E1^a) If there are no communicants, the Litany or several psalms and hymns are sung after the sermon. Then the Priester reads a collect, then the Benediction and "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleih uns fried." (f. 2E1^b)
Sunday and festival afternoons in the cities: at 1:00 catechism is rung. The scholars sing a psalm or two, or the Ten Commandments, etc. Then the instruction. Then "Herr nun lest du deinen Diener" is sung, then a Collect and Benedicamus Domino. In large cities another sermon is held at 3:00 (held as Vespers, above). (f. 2E2^a)
Festivals: Christmas (3 days, incl. St. Stephen and St. John), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday (morning only), Good Friday, Easter (3 days) (f. 2E3^a), Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity (Corpus Christi is abolished), St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis (held in place of Assumption). Communion is held on all these days. (f. 2E3^b) The Prediger sings the usual festival hymns at the beginning of the sermon with the people. Half-day festivals with sermon: Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene, Beheading of St. John, apostles' days.
The collection for the poor is taken by two men with baskets on long sticks with a small bell attached (according to ancient Christian custom) during the rereading of the Gospel during the sermon (f. 2E4^a)
Weekdays in the cities: sermons are held Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 7:00 in the summer and 8:00 in the winter (or whenever convenient). (f. 2E4^b) The scholars sing a Latin psalm or two, then a German psalm. After the Predigt a brief German psalm is sung, then a collect. The Litany is sung on Fridays *before* the sermon, with four or five boys with good voices constituting the first choir and the rest of the church the second. Buápredigt is held on the first Friday of each month (f. 2F1^a). Catechism examination is held Thursdays at 1:00 [apparently the service on Sunday was for instruction]. (f. 2F1^b)
The court service is briefly described. (f. 2F2^a)
Saturdays and festival eves in the villages: Vespers rung at 2:00. If the Pfarrherr lives in the village, he comes and sings a German psalm with the Custos. Then an antiphon, the hymnus "O lux beata" in German or another good hymn d.t.f., then the Magnificat in German and the Collect and Benedicamus, then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleihe vns friede." If there are people in the church (which the Pfarrherr should encourage), a German lesson is read, then the Magnificat and a German psalm are sung. Then confession. (f. 2J4^a)
Matins on Sundays and festivals in the villages: none in winter. In summer a German psalm is sung (fl. 2J4^b), then the Pfarrherr reads a chapter from the Bible with the summary of Dietrich. Then the congregation sings another psalm dealing with the article of the catechism that will be preached on. Then the sermon on the catechism, a half hour. Then common prayers and a hymn of thanks. On high festivals Matins should be held as closely as possible to what is done in the cities, "nach gelegenheit eines jeden orts."
Mass in the villages: rung at 8:00 and 9:00. The Pfarrherr and Custos sing the German or Latin Kyrie until the congregation has assembled. On high festivals a hymn d.f. is sung before the Introit. (f. 2K1^a) Then "Allein Gott." Then "Der HErr sey mit euch"; the Chor answering "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then a German collect, Epistle, psalm, Gospel, "Wir gleuben," sermon (as in the cities), general prayer and paraphrase of the Vater Unser or another exhortation to communion, psalm of thanks (such as "Dancksagen wir alle") (f. 2K1^b). Then the Vater Unser; on high feasts a German preface may be sung before the Vater Unser. Then the exhortation to communicants, Words of Institution, distribution (during which "Jhesus Christus" or another hymn is sung), then the Collect and Benediction and psalm of thanks. If there are no communicants, an exhortation to commune more frequently is given, then a collect and a hymn.
Afternoons in the villages: on high feasts, as in the cities, if possible. (f. 2K2^a) Otherwise at 1:00 the Pfarrherr and Küster come to church and a German catechism psalm is sung with the children. Then the five chief parts of Luther's catechism are read, then the instruction and a psalm. (f. 2K3^a)
Oschatz 1539 s [11/27/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:622–25. Notes from Sehling. Oschatz is in Saxony. This order resulted from the visitation of 1539.
The liturgical section is identical to that of Gnandstein 1539, except that "in dem accent und ton wie zu Wittenberg, Torgau, Dresden oder Leipzig üblich" is replaced with "wie zu Wittenberg oder Torgau üblich." The sentence specifying a pure sequence or spiritual Lied, then the reading of the Gospel is lacking in Oschatz: it says only "Nach dem evangelium singt das volk...." (p. 624)
Osnabrück 1543 ([N.p.], 1543) s [11/11/95] - official
Bonn, Hermann. Christliche kerkenordenunge der stadt Oáenbrugk. Anno Domini 1543. Cited in Graff 1:35.
Notes from Sehling.
The scholars receive catechism instruction on Saturday morning in German or Latin, according to their ages. At 12:00 a responsory for the Sunday or festival is sung, also the Latin hymn and whatever else is to be sung. The smallest children bring their German psalmbooks and learn to sing the German psalms well. ("De klenesten kinder scholen ere düdeschen sankböke hebben und lehren de düdesche psalmen recht und wol singen.") Following this, from 1:00 to 2:00, the Gospel is explained. (p. 255)
The schoolchildren are divided into three parts: the rector serves with one part in the choir at St. Catherine, the second Geselle serves at St. Mary's, and the third at the Augustinian church. Sundays and festivals after the early sermon is sung an antiphon, 2–3 psalms in Latin, two Latin lessons (the Epistle and Gospel to the prophecy tone) and one German lesson (the Gospel, read to the people). Then a responsory is sung with the Latin Te Deum. Then the Introit of the Mass (or occasionally a German psalm in its place). On weekdays at 9:00, when the children leave school, the Gesellen in the other two churches with their children sing first an antiphon, then 2–3 Latin psalms, then the lessons from the Old Testament, the third being in German, then the Benedictus, then a Latin collect de tempore with the Benedicamus and Da pacem, Domine. On Mondays at 4:00 is sung in the two churches 1–3 psalms, then two lessons in Latin from the New Testament, then a lesson in German, then the Latin Magnificat with antiphon, then "Da pacem, Domine." The Latin psalms and lessons are done lectio (cantu) continuo. On Wednesday only Matins is sung, since the scholars have the afternoon free. At times the German or Latin Litany is sung in the morning or at Vespers. (p. 256)
Concerning organists: each parish church (kerspelskercken) should have a good organist, so that the choir singing is made easier, especially on festivals and Sundays, when there are many communicants. The organist shall play for Saturday Vespers, the Te Deum on Sunday morning, likewise in the Mass, and the Hymnus and Magnificat at Vespers.
Order for mass: Introit d.t. or a German psalm, Kyrie (p. 257), Gloria, then "Allein Gott," then the Latin Gloria continued ("Gloria in excelsis, darup gesungen Allene Gott in der höhe sy ehr, darna dat latineschen Gloria in excelsis, verfolget bet tom ende."), Collect in Latin or German, Epistle in German, Alleluia, Sequence on festivals (or the German Vater Unser or another psalm in its place), then the Gospel is read from the pulpit and explained, then the Pastor reads the catechism, then exhortation to prayer, then "Verlene uns frede" is sung, then the Pastor from in front of the altar begins "Credo in Deum" [{sic}], then "Wy geloven" is sung, and occasionally the Latin Patrem for the sake of the children. Then the Preface is sung in Latin with the Sanctus. Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the exhortation to the communicants. Then he turns to the altar and sings the Vader unse and Verba. Then the schoolmaster begins "Jesus Christus, unse heiland," during which the people commune. If there are many communicants "Discubuit Jesus" with the verse "Edite et bibite" may be sung. After communion the Agnus Dei is sung in Latin on festivals, otherwise the German "O lam Gades unschüldig." Albs and mass vestments are used for the service, also candles on the altar. (p. 258)
Holy days: Since sermons are held five days a week in addition to Sunday, special holy days are not observed, lest the people waste their time off. The only festival observance is the hearing of God's preached word and the praying and thanking of God for his grace in Christ. Apostles' days are observed only until noon. In the morning a sermon on the catechism is held for the servants. From 8:00 to 9:00 a sermon is held on the Gospel. The following days are observed in their entirety; that is, with morning and afternoon sermons and mass ("misse") and Vespers sung: Christmas, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, John the Baptist, Visitation, New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation. Assumption is not observed, since it is not from Scripture. Mary Magdalene is observed only in the morning. Michaelis is a Vertidefest with sermons in the morning and afternoon. A Thanksgiving service is also held, with the German Te Deum sung. (p. 259)
Osnabrück 1543 s [11/11/95] - official
Bonn, Hermann. Kerckenordnunge vor de landkercken des stifts Osenbrugge, uffgerichtet und verordnet a r[everendissi]mo et ill[ustrissi]mo d[omino], d[omino] Francisco, episcopo Monast[eriensi], Osnab[rugensi] et Paderbor[nensi], comite a Waldeck, durch M. Herm. Bonnum, superint[endentem] Lubec[ensem]. Cited in Graff 1:35. Manuscript. Graff: is an excerpt from the Osnabrück (Stadt) KO of 1543. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:222–26.
Notes from Sehling.
Holy days: Sundays observed in their entirety; apostles' days only in the morning. Easter, Pentecost, Christmas, Ascension, New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation and John the Baptist are observed in their entirety, also Visitation. Mary Magdalene is observed only in the morning. Assumption is not observed. (p. 223) Michaelis is observed in its entirety.
Mass for the parish churches in Osnabrück: Introit d.t. or a German psalm such as the Ten Commandments or the like, then Kyrie, Gloria, Allein Gott, collect in Latin or German, Epistle in German, Alleluia, Sequence on festivals (or the German Vader unse or another psalm in its place), Gospel read from the pulpit, sermon, catechism read from the pulpit, exhortation to prayer,, "Verlehne uns frede" sung. Then the Prester begins "Credo in unum Deum" from in front of the altar, then "Wii geloven" is sung. Then the Preface is sung with the Sanctus. Then the Prester reads the exhortation to the communicants, then he turns to the altar and sings the Vader unse and Verba. Then "Jesus Christus" is sung, during which the people commune. If there are many communicants other German psalms may be sung. Then "O lam Gades unschuldig," and on festivals the Agnus Dei in Latin. After communion the collect is sung in German: "De Here sy mit ju etc. Wy danken di, almechtige Here Godt etc." (p. 224) Then the Benediction. Albs and mass vestments are worn, and candles and lights are used on the altar. These are not used in communing the sick or for baptisms. (p. 225)
Osnabrück 1543 s- [11/11/95] - special
Ordinatio Magistri Hermanni Bonni. Exercitium quotidianum in sacris scripturis et psalmis cantandis pro ecclesiis collegiatis, ubi praedicatur evangelium, als dar is Quakenbrugge und anders mer. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:229–31. This order of service is for a special occasion and so does not apply to my research.
Osnabrück 1618 (Osnabrück, 1618) s [11/11/95] - official
Agenda, das ist: Kirchenordnung, wie es in den evangelischen kirchen der statt Oánabrück mit verkündigunge göttliches worts, reichung der h. sacramenten und anderen christlichen handelungen und ceremonien sol gehalten werden. Cited in Graff 1:35. Graff: the 1543 agenda in Hochdeutsch.
Notes from Sehling.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, Michaelis, all with three sermons; New Year's, Epiphany, Ascension, Easter Monday, Pentecost Monday, St. Stephen, all with two sermons; John the Evangelist, Purification, Matthias, March 11 (penitential day in remembrance of the great fire in 1613), Easter Tuesday, Pentecost Tuesday, Annunciation, Philip and James, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul, Visitation, James, Bartholomew (serves as Erntedankfest, unlike the 1543 order, which uses Michaelis for this), Matthew, Simon and Jude, Andrew, all with one sermon. (p. 267) Sermons are also held at St. Mary's on Tuesday and Friday and at St. Catharine on Monday and Thursday. The usual Bettag is held at a time convenient for each locality.
Sundays and holy days when there is communion: Kyrie, Gloria, Allein Gott, "Der Herr sey mit euch," the choir answering "Und mit deinem geist," "Lasset uns beten" followed by the Collect d.t. or a common collect, then Epistle, psalm sung, sermon, Credo or another psalm is sung, then on Michaelis and other high feasts the Preface is sung (prefaces given for Michaelis, Christmas, Easter and Pentecost) (p. 268), then the Sanctus is sung or played on the organ, then the exhortation to the communicants (p. 269), Vater Unser, Verba (both sung), distribution, "Der Herr sey mit euch" with response "Und mit deinem geist," then "Lasset uns Gott danken: Wir danken dir..." with response "Amen," then Benediction. Collects for the church year follow. (p. 270)
Osnabrück 1652 (Rinteln, 1652) s [aa] - official
Agenda das ist: Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es in den evangelischen Kirchen der Stadt Oánabrück... sol gehalten werden. Cited in Graff 1:35. Graff: almost identical to the 1618 agenda, but somewhat enlarged through an order for emergency baptism and several new prayers.
[Within a compartment] {®AGENDA¯} | Das iôt: | K\irch\\en= | O\rdnung/ | W\ie es in den Evangeliôchen | Kirchen der Stadt Oánabrück/ mit Verkün= | digunge Göttliches Worts/ Reichung der Heiligen | Sacramenten vnd anderen Chriôtlichen Han= | delungen vnd Ceremonien/ ôol gehal= | ten werden. | [ornament] | Gedruckt zu Rinteln bey Petro Lucio/ der Vniverôität | beôtaltem Buchdrucker daôelbôt. | Jm Jahr 1652.
%Size: 139 @ 101 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2A^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); C3 D1–3 E2 roman %Pagination: 96 leaves: pp. {1–3} 4–192 %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–B1^a preface, B1^b–2A4^b text %Fingerprint: 1652 04 - b1 A2 rôa : b2 2A3 g/ode %Preface: `WJr Bürgermeistere vnd Rath der Stadt Osznabr#ºg" ... [undated] %Music: Sursum corda and Latin Prefaces for Michaelis, Nativity, Easter and Pentecost (C3^a–D4^a), Our Father #1 (E2^b–E3^a), Verba #1 (E3^b–E4^b)
Previous editions: 1543, 1588, 1618 (Hochdeutsch). Subscription to the Book of Concord required for pastors in this realm.
Holy days: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, Michaelis (all 3 services); Easter Monday, Pentecost Monday, St. Stephen's Day (2 services) (p. 15); St. John the Evangelist, Purification of Mary, St. Matthias, March 11 (Buá-Predigt in remembrance of the fire on March 11, 1613), Easter and Pentecost Tuesday, Annunciation (p. 16), SS. Philip and James, St. John the Baptist, SS. Peter and Paul, Visitation, St. James the Apostle, St. Bartholomew (Erntedankfest), St. Matthew, SS. Simon and Jude, St. Andrew (p. 17) (1 service each).
Directions for Nachtmahl on Sundays and other festivals (p. 19ff):
Kyrie sung Gloria sung Allein GOtt in der Höhe sung Pastor turns to people and sings "Der HERR sey mit Euch" Choir answers "Vnd mit deinem Geist" Pastor turns to altar and sings "Lasset vns beten." The proper Sunday collect is sung, or the following: [p. 20] "HErr GOtt Himlischer Vater, Der du auá Väterlicher Liebe gegen vns arme Sünder deinen Sohn vns geschencket hast, daá wir an Ihn gläuben, vnd durch den Glauben sollen seelig werden, Wir bitten dich, gib deinen Heiligen Geist in vnsere Hertzen, daá wir in solchem glauben biá an vnser End beharren, durch JEsum Christum deinen Sohn vnsern HErren." Epistle read A psalm sung Credo sung Predigt A short psalm or 1 or 2 verses of another psalm sung On Michaelis and other high feast days the following is sung to the people in front of the altar: [see music, p. 21]. Sanctus sung or played on the organ Prediger turns to the people and reads the following exhortation: "MEin Allerliebste, Dieweil wir von vns selbst nichts dan[n] Fleisch vnd Blut seyn, vnd konnen vns aufz dem strengen Gericht GOttes, darein wir gefallen seynd, nicht loá machen..." Diener turns to the altar and sings first the Vater Unser, then the Words of Institution: [see music, p. 36] The distribution follows, after which the pastor turns to the people and sings: "Der HERR sey mit Euch, Resp. vnd mit deinem Geist." The pastor turns again to the altar and sings: "Lasset vns Gott dancken: Wir dancken dir, Allmächtiger Herr Gott, daá du vns durch diese heilsame Gab des Heil. Leibs vnd Bluts deines Sohns erquicket hast, vnd bitten deine Barmhertzigkeit, daá du Vns solches gedeyen lassest, zu starckem Glauben gegen dir, vnd zu feriger Liebe vnter vns allen, durch JEsum Christum vnsern HErren, Resp. Amen." "Der HErr segne euch vnd behüte euch, Der HErr erleuchte sein Angesicht über euch, vnd sey euch gnädig, Der HErr erhebe sein Angesicht auff euch, vnd gebe euch Frieden, Resp. Amen." (p. 41) p. 42–114 - collects "Welche wenn das H. Abendmahl gehalten wird, vor der Predigt vorm Altar gesungen werden." There is a collect for each Sunday of the year and for other festivals. p. 125–33 - form of baptism. p. 134–39 - emergency baptism.
Other forms follow. There are no forms given for the other usual services.
Ostfriesland 1529 s- [11/11/95] - official
Ordenunge und articule, so wy, Enno, grave und herr to Oestfreeslandt etc., in unsen landen allen predicanten und underdanen gebaden hebben, ernstlick toe holden, see nutliken to leesen. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:360–72.
No agenda.
Ostfriesland 1535 s [11/11/95] - official
Karckenordenynge vor dem pastoren unde kerckendenern. Wo men doepen schal. Van dem aventmall des Heren und andern kerckengebruyken. Cited in Graff 1:35. Manuscript. Graff: dependent on the Lüneburg draft, on the Saxon-Wittenberg orders and especially on the Brandenburg-Nürnberg orders. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:373–97.
Notes from Sehling.
Communion: one or two German psalms are sung, then the Kyrie and Gloria in German (Alleyn Godt), then the Prester to the people: "De Here sy myt juw und myt dynen geyste." Then he sings a Christian collect in German or Latin, then is sung or read a chapter from an epistle or Acts, then a German psalm or another spiritual song is sung, then the Prester turns to the people and sings the Gospel, then the German Credo (Wy geloven) is sung. Then the sermon, according to the words of Christ and the Scripture, not according to the teachings of "Carolstadt, Zwinglii, Oecolampadii" and their followers. Then the prayer for all needs. (p. 376) If there is time the German Litany is sung (as printed in Wittenberg) either before or after the sermon. The foregoing is all done whether or not there are communicants.
Communion: if there are communicants, two or three or more, they assemble in the Chor during the Gesang and kneel at the altar, first the men and then the women. Meanwhile the Prester prepares the bread and wine. The bread is to be unleavened; the chalice is to contain wine, not beer or milk. The Prester wears a white Choerrock, not the short Palárock worn by farmers; much less is he to sit at a table and use regular baked bread. (p. 377) Then the exhortation to the communicants (p. 378). Then the Prester turns to the altar and sings the Vader unser, then the Verba for the bread. Then he communes the men, then the women. Then he sings the words of the Lord for the chalice and communes the people. If there are many communicants and a Dyacon is available the Prester may sing all the Verba at once, and one of them distributes the body and the other the blood. During the communion the scholars in the choir may sing "Jesus Christus" or "Gadt sy gelavet" or "Lam Gads unschuldich." Afterward the Prester turns to the people and sings "Der Heer sy myt juw" and then sings the Thanksgiving or another collect, then he turns to the people and sings the Blessing. In churches with scholars and many priests, the proper Introits are sung on Sundays, Easter, Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany in Latin, likewise with the Kyrie, Gloria and other Gesenge (in accordance with Scripture), such as the sequence "Grates nunc omnes" (p. 379), "Eya recolamus," "Victime paschali," "Sancti Spiritus," "Veni, sancte Spiritus," "Benedicta sancta semper sit trinitas," the Sanctus and the Agnus Dei. The Latin language and all good arts, notably music, are to be held in esteem in both church and school. ("Wente wy willen, dat de latinische sprake sampt alle gude kunsten, alze de musica, in den kercken und scholen in eheren geholden werden.") When Vespers, Matins and communion are held, all "beneficiaten, pastores, vicarii, kapellanen, schoelmesters, schoeler, kosters und kerckendener" are to be present and assist in the singing.
Vespers: done in the traditional way in cities and villages where there are schools. First "Deus in adiutorium," then four or five psalms in Latin, then a lesson or chapter from the Old or New Testament in Latin, German or both Latin and German, then a brief explanation may be given if there is a congregation present, then the Magnificat is sung with a Christian antiphon, and a Christian collect in Latin or German, then the Benedicamus or a German psalm in its place.
Matins: "Domine, labia mea aperies" or "Deus, in adiutorium meum" may be sung according to tradition, with a Christian Invitatory and Venite, then three or four psalms with one or more antiphons. Then three lessons are sung from Scripture with several responsories (in accordance with Scripture), then the Te Deum. Then a sermon may be preached. Then the Benedictus is sung with a Christian antiphon, and the Benedicamus or a German psalm instead. (p. 380) Vespers and Matins are held in this way for the sake of the scholars and young people, that they may receive practice in the Latin language. ("Sodane ceremonien der vesper und metten scholen geholden werden umme der scholer und des jungen volks willen, dat desulvigen in latinischer sprake [p. 381] geovet und dat junge volk verorsaket werde, tor kercken to gaen, Gads wort to horen und leren." (p. 380–81)
Ostfriesland 1583 s [11/12/95] - semiofficial
Ligarius, Johannes. Liturgia Engerhovana oder gewöhnliche formulen des gottesdienstes bey bedienung I. der heiligen taufe, II. des heil[igen] abendmahls, III. der copulation, trauung und einsegnung der angehenden eheleuten, IV. der kranken in der kirchen und gemeine Jesu Christi, der Augsburgischen Confession zugetan, zu Engerhove. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:671–82.
Notes from Sehling. Sehling calls this agenda the "Engerhafer Liturgie." Engerhafe is in Ostfriesland, and the agenda was used in Osteel, Siegelsum and Engerhafe much later; it is not certain how much of Ostfriesland originally used it. (p. 354) The author was pastor in Norden. Concerning this parish: "Die Norder Gemeinde war von Anfang an ganz besonders den verschiedenen kirchenlichen Strömungen ausgesetzt gewesen. . .1552 hatten Streitigkeiten um Lehre und Zeremonien zwischen den Lutheranern Lemsius und Vorstius mit dem neu eintretenden Fusipedius das Kolloquium zu Wirdum, etwas später aber die Amtsentsetzung der streitenden Pastoren veranlaát. Als Ligarius und sein lutherischer Kolege 1564 den Merchants Adventurers zuliebe entlassen wurden, traten reformierte Prediger an ihre Stelle, die jedoch gegenüber der teilweise lutherischen Gemeinde einen schweren Stand hatten." (p. 352) Concerning this agenda: "Ligarius apparently accomodated his agenda to the circumstances arising from the Reformed influence, so that it bears a closer resemblance to the Reformed East Frisian agendas than to the Lutheran church orders of the eastern neighbors." (p. 353)
Communion: after the sermon and prayer the Pastor says: "Geliebte im Herrn! Die sich zum tisch des Herrn bereitet haben, versamlen sich bey uná im chor. Ihr übrigen aber bittet Gott, daá eure herzen auch mögen gezogen und des abentmahls begierig werden." The Pastor prepares the elements, and the organist and congregation alternate in the hymn "Herr Christ, der einig Gottessohn," while the communicants assemble at the table. Then the Priester says: "Erhebet eure herzen zu Gott, lieben brüder und schwester, und lasset uns mit dem hundertundeilften psalm fröhlich danksagen" (Ps. 111 follows) (p. 677). Then he continues "Dieá ist aber, geliebte in Christo, die heylsame stiftung Gottes, darüber wir ihm so frölich dankgesaget." Then the Verba. Then the first stanza of "O lamm Gottes unschuldig" is sung. Then a brief exhortation is read to the communicants. (p. 678) Then the second stanza of "O lamm Gottes" is sung, then the pastor says "Kniet nieder, geliebte im Herrn, erhebet eure herzen zu Gott und lasset uns andächtig beten." Then follows a prayer of confession. (p. 679) Then he says "Dieses lasset uns versiegeln mit dem gebet des heiligen Vater unsers," and the Vater Unser is recited. Then the absolution: "Darauf verkündige ich geringer diener des Herrn an seinem worte und sacramenten einem jeglichen insonderheit und euch (uns) allen insgemein die gnädige vergebung aller eurer (unserer) sünden im namen Gottes des Vaters, des Sohnes und des h. Geistes. Amen." Then the third stanza of "O lamm Gottes" is sung. Then the true body and blood of the Lord are distributed. (p. 680) During the distribution is sung "Was kan uná kommen an für not," "O Christ, wir danken deiner güt," "Jesus Christus, unser heyland," "Nun freuet euch, lieben christengemein" or another hymn, with organ ("et id genus alia cantica, sive ludatur organis"). When all have communed a brief exhortation is read: "Ihr sollet euch, geliebte im Herrn, einander lieben wie brüder und schwester, weil wir unser viel ein leib in Christo eines brots und eines weins teilhaftig worden seyn. Denn gleichwie von vielen körnlein ein brot gebacket und von vielen trauben ein wein gekeltert wird, also seyn wir auch ein leib in vielen gliedern an unserm haupte Jesu Christu. Darum, wie uns Christus geliebet hat, also sollen auch wir untereinander die lieben beweisen." Then the Thanksgiving collect (it is in three parts). (p. 681) Then the Benediction. (p. 682)
Ostfriesland 1593 s [11/12/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:683–724.
Notes from Sehling. Sehling calls this the "Marienhafer Kirchenordnung."
"Von predigten und lectuiren": (1) three sermons are held on Sundays in cities and villages [footnote: Matins, Mass and Vespers]: the early sermon begins with the schoolboys kneeling and singing "Veni, sancte Spiritus" in German; (2) then the organ begins to play a psalm or spiritual song chosen by the Prediger; (3) then the choir and congregation sing all verses of the psalm, or they sing alternating verses with the organ; (4) the early sermon is brief and begins shortly after 7:00, so that the people have time to prepare for the high sermon ("damit datt volk zeit habe, sich widerumb zur hoichpredigt zu bereiten etc."); (5) the service is closed with a prayer and a brief Gesang, such as "Godt der Vatter wone uns bey" (one verse) or "Jesus Christus wone uns by" or "Der heiliger Geist wone uns bey," and the like; (6) for the high sermon the Schulmeister and boys begin at 8:00 with the Kyrie, Ach Vatter, kneeling; (7) the organist begins the Te Deum, and the choir and congregation sing it in German "versch umb versch nach dem orgel"; (8) then another psalm or spiritual Lied, announced by the Prediger, is sung and played (p. 695); (9) then a lesson on the Sunday Gospel (given on pp. 700–702); (10) the Glaube is played and sung, then the preacher does the Preface from the pulpit with the prayer "Unser Vatter" or "Nun bitten wyr denn heiligen Geist"; (11) then the text of the Gospel is read, then the sermon from 9:00 to 10:00; (12) then the prayer (p. 696); (13) then the blessing, then a psalm or Leid [{sic}] related to the sermon, begun by the organ and sung to its end by the choir and congregation; (14) then (if there are children to be baptized) the "gevatteren" assemble at the font, and the baptism is conducted; (15) the Vesper sermon begins at 1:00 with the organ and the singing of the Ten Commandments or whichever part of the catechism the sermon is on (p. 697); (16) the sermons handle in turn the Small and Large Catechisms of Luther, and when that is finished they are begun again; (17) at the early service is sung "Ich danke dyr, lieber Herre" up to the last two verses; the two last verses of "Es ist das heil uns komen herr" are often sung after the high sermon, according to the text; the two last verses of "Ich danke dir, lieber Herre" fit well after the Vesper sermon, ditto with "Christe, du bist tag und licht" and "Der du bist drey ihn enicheit" (p. 698); (18) weddings are held after baptisms (if anyone is to be baptised); (19) the sermons on Wednesday and Friday are on the Old or New Testament, and the Prediger is to consult with the organist and schoolmaster concerning the Gesang before and after the sermon; (20) the organist and schoolmaster are not to play or sing anything without the Prediger's consent; (21) in villages a catechism sermon is to be held on Sunday, and the young people are to attend; (22) in winter in villages only one sermon is held during the week; [the remaining points 23 and 24 have nothing to do with the services]. (p. 699)
Lessons for the service are given on pages 700–702, and collects for the year are given on pages 702–707.
Communion: the exhortation to the communicants is not to be read between the early sermon and the high sermon, but rather the previous day (p. 710). After the usual sermon and prayer the Prediger says "Ihr gelibten ihm Hern, die sich zum tische des Hern bereitet haben, wollen sich untrem singende ins chor vorsamlen. Und ihr andre bittet Godt, das eure herzen auch mugen gezogen und des abentmals begirich werden." Then the organist plays, and the congregation sings "Herr Christ, du einiger Gottessohn." During this the Prediger goes to the table and prepares the bread and wine, and the communicants assemble in the Chor. Then the Prediger says "Hebet euwre herzen zu Gott (ihr geliebten) und last uns mit den psalm danksagen" (Ps. 111 read clearly and devotionally to the people), then is sung "Heilich ist unser Godt, heilich ist unser Godt, der Herre Zebaoth." Then the Prediger says to the people "Die heilsame stiftung des h. abentmals (ihr gelibten), druber wir so herzlich danken, und unsers glaubens bekenteniá vom selbigen beschriben die h. evangelisten und S. Paulus also (textus coenae) [Words of Institution]"; then the congregation sings the Agnus Dei in German three times, then the Prediger reads a brief exhortation. (p. 711) A confessional prayer follows (no absolution), then the communion distribution, during which is sung Psalm 23 and other communion hymns. (p. 712) After the communion the Prediger reads a brief exhortation: "Weil wir nun ein leib Christi geworden und untereinander gelieter desselbigen leibs, welch ist die gemeine Gottes: alle, die wir eines brodes teilhaftich und eines kelches genoáen, gleich als von vilen kornern ein brodt und aus vilen trauben ein weine gemacht wirt—so hebet nun eure herzen zu Godt (ihr geliebten) und last uns frolick danksagen etc."; the three-part prayer "Wir danken dir" follows, the sections addressed to Father, Son and Holy Spirit, followed by a petition to the Trinity. Then the Prediger reads to the communicants a lesson from John 15, and then the Blessing. If the communion liturgy needs to be shortened the agenda in the hymnal [footnote: several hymnals included the order of Luther's German Mass] may be used, or it may be made even shorter, provided that the "principalia" are not omitted. (p. 713)
Bedttage: held four times a year, on St. Matthias, Exaudi, Beheading of John and St. Andrew. On these days there are two sermons and the Litany is sung "und die gemeine dazu gewennen, gleich ander gesange." The organ is not played for the Litany, "Wo Godt der Herr nicht bey uns halt," "Ach Godt, laá dir bevolen sein," "O Herre Godt, begnade mich," "Ach Godt, vom himel sihe darein," "Aus teifer [{sic}] not" and the like. (p. 714) At the end is sung "Gott der Vatter wone uns bey" or "Erhalt uns, Herr," followed by the Blessing. (p. 715)
Ostfriesland 1631 (Lüneburg, 1631) s [8/13/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung wie es... in der Graffschafft Ostfrieáland Augspurgischer Confession zugethan und in den beyden Herrschafften Essens und Wittmund... gehalten werden sol. Cited in Graff 1:35. Graff: depends on the Lüneburg order.
K\irch\\en O\rdnung/ | [ornamented rule extending over the text following the initial letter of the following line] | W\ÚJ\¿e es in R\elig\ions | vnd G\laubens ôach\\en mit der | ôeligmachenden Lehr vnd Predigt des heili= | gen göttlichen Worts/ Chriôtlicher {adminiôtration} der | hochwirdigen Sacramenten/ beôtellung der Kirchendiener/ | gewöhnlichem Gebet vnd löblichen Ceremonien in der Graffôchafft Oôtfrieá= | land/ Augôpurgiôcher Confeôôion zugethan/ vnd in den beyden Her#rôchaff= | ten Eôôens vnd Wittmund hinfüro einmütiglich gehal= | ten werden ôol. | [triangular emblem with face in the center, 52 @ 51 mm.] | L\üneburg/ | Gedruckt bey Johan~ vnd Heinrich Stern/ | [rule] | {ANNO M DC XXXI.} || [Colophon:] L\üneburg/ | [portrait, 71 @ 58 mm.] | Gedruckt/ bey Johan~ vnd Heinrich Stern | [rule] | {Anno M DC XXXI.}
%Size: 159 @ 108 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2C^4 2D^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 2D2) %Pagination: 106 leaves: pp. {1–2} 3–210 {2} (misnumbering 101 as 10, 203 as 103)
%Fingerprint: 1631 04 - b1 A2 n/$a : b2 2D Cuô %Preface: none %Music: Latin Prefaces for ordinary use, Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity (R1^a–S4^b), Our Father #1 (Z1^a), Verba #1 (Z1^b–Z2^a)
For notes, see the 1716 edition, which is a reprint.
Ostfriesland 1716 (Aurich, 1716) s [8/13/93, 7/17/97] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung wie es in Religions- und Glaubens-Sachen... in dem Fürstenthum Ost-Frieáland... gehalten werden sol. Cited in Graff 1:35. Graff: the 1631 order with appendixes.
K\irch\en=O\rdnung/ | [ornamented crosses extend over horizontally over this line, except for the initial letter] W\J\e es in R\eligions und | G\laubens=S\ach\en | mit der ôeligmachenden Lehr und Predigt | des heiligen Göttlichen Worts/ Chriôtlicher {Adminiôtra-} | {tion} der hochwürdigen Sacramenten/ Beôtellung der Kirchen= | Diener/ gewöhnlichem Gebet und löblichen Ceremonien in dem Für= | ôtenthum Oôt=Frieáland/ Augôpurgiôcher Confeôôion zugethan/ | und in den beyden Her#rôchafften Eôens und Wittmund | hinführo einmühtiglich gehalten werden ôol. | Nach dem vorigen {Exemplar de Anno 1631} gedruckt. | [coat of arms] | AURJCH/ 1716. | [rule] | Bey Samuel Böttger/ Hoch=Fürôtl. Oôt+Frieôiôchen Hoff=Buchd#r.
%Size: 155 @ 113 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2B^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 F3) %Pagination: 100 leaves: pp. [{1–2}] 3–198 [{199–200}]
%Fingerprint: 1716 04 - b1 A2 ht$ô : b2 2B3 /$gegeb
%Music: none
The 1631 order with cosmetic changes: spelling updated, the music for the Vater Unser and Verba is omitted (but the directions say to sing them to the usual melody), a few prayers are added. There are no appendixes, as Graff says. The pagination is exactly the same through p. 90.
Although it is not necessary that ceremonies be everywhere alike, differing rituals are not consistent with the harmony of faith ("consonantiam fidei"). Therefore, as the ancients say, it is useful [for the churches] to keep as similar [an order] as possible, and not only for the sake of order, but also because it helps to keep a unity in doctrine and soothes weak consciences, and so it is best ("am füglichsten") to hold to the following order.
Holy days - Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (if it falls during Holy Week it is observed on Palm Sunday or on the Thursday following Judica) (p. 24), Maundy Thursday (morning only), Good Friday (morning only: the passion history is read and summarized), Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis, all as on Sunday, except that the festival hymns are sung instead of hymns de tempore. Observed in the morning only are Andrew, Thomas, John the Evangelist, Matthias, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, James the Greater, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Conversion of Paul. (p. 25) In Elens and Wittmund All Saints is also observed, on which day in 1570 God sent his well-deserved wrath in the form of terrible weather, with lightning and thunder, with the church and houses being ripped apart and many people and livestock being killed. Other biblical days, such as Mary Magdalene and the Beheading of John, may be observed in the readings in the usual weekly sermon or on the following Sunday.
Cities and villages with two pastors are to have three sermons each Sunday. In the first sermon from 6:00 to 7:00 the text is the Epistle; at the high sermon from 8:00 to 10:00 it is the Gospel; in Vespers from 12:00 to 1:00 it is the Lutheran Catechism. Likewise for high feasts, but on other feasts and apostles' days the afternoon sermon may be omitted on account of the [peoples'] work. (p. 26) During the week a sermon is held throughout the year on Friday and during winter on Wednesday, with the biblical books of the Old and New Testaments serving as the text. Villages with only one pastor may omit the early service on Sundays and high feasts. (p. 27)
Singing and organ playing (where used) are to remain as is traditional, except that the organ is not to be used from the Second Sunday in Advent to Christmas and from Laetare to Easter.
Services begin with the singing of "Veni sancte spiritus" or the German version "Komm heiliger Geist, erfülle die Hertzen deiner Gläubigen." Then the Organist plays a verse of the Gesang so that one can tune ("so man anzustimmen gesinnet ist"). In the early sermon before the sermon is sung "HErr GOtt, dich loben wir," "Nun lob meine Seele den HErren" and "Jch danck dir lieber HErre" (or "Aus meines Herzens grunde"), alternating weeks. The sermon is closed with a brief stanza ("Gesangsclausul"), as listed below (not copied).
In the high sermon the Kyrie for Trinity, "O Vater, Allmächtiger GOtt, zu dir schreyen wir in der Noth," is sung. Then where it is the practice, the Priester sings "Gloria in excelsis Deo" in front of the altar during high feasts ("in den hohen Festen"); on ordinary Sundays he sings "Ehr sey GOTT in der Höhe." (p. 28) Then the Schulmeister with the entire congregation sings "Allein GOTT in der höh sey Ehr." Where the above is too long, the service may start with another "Hymno Ecclesiastico de tempore." After the hymn, the Pastor turns to the people and sings "Der HERR sey mit euch," and the people and choir answer "Und mit deinem Geist." The Pastor sings a collect de tempore (see below, not copied) and reads the Epistle (in villages) or a chapter from the Bible (in places where the Epistle had already been read in the early sermon). Then the Credo "Wir gläuben all an einen GOTT" follows, sung all the way through, or other Cantiones on high feasts (see below, not copied). Then the sermon, before which either the Vater Unser is prayed or the [Gesang] for the season is sung. Then on Sundays the public confession ("Beicht") follows, with the absolution. (p. 29) Then the common prayer according to the usual formula (see below, not copied), closing with the pulpit benediction. Then a brief stanza ("Gesangs clausul, vor dem Altar gar zuletzt bey der dimission des Volcks, sonderlich wenn Communion gehalten wird"), the choir concluding with an "Amen." The Organist plays until the people have left the church. (p. 30)
In the Vesper sermon a single psalm related to the time or the part of the catechism is sung, and the sermon is closed with the Vater Unser and a brief Gesang.
The weekday sermons are done with a Gesang of Luther, alternating weekly with the Litany. After the sermon is sung "Erhalt uns, Herr" or at least the two last verses "Verleyh uns Frieden" and "Gib unserm Herrn und aller Obrigkeit." (p. 31)
A table of proper Gesänge for the entire year follows on pp. 31–43. Versicles and collects for the year appear on pp. 44–86. Prayers for the various seasons appear on pp. 86–133. Chapter 18: "Von den Organisten und Küstern" - The organist should live a proper life, not play worldly songs on the organ. The organist is to alternate verses with the choir on Luther's psalms. The usual duties are given for the Küster.
Pfalz-Neuburg 1543 ([N.p.], 1543) s [1/29/93] - official
Kirchenordnung, wie es mit der christlichen Lehre, heiligen Sacramenten, vnd allerley andern Ceremonien, in meines gnedigen Herrn, Herrn Otthainrichen, Pfaltzgrauen bey Rhein, Hertzogen inn Nidern vnd Obern Bairn &c. Fürstenthumb gehalten wirt.
[First part:] Kirchen o#rdnung/ Wie es mit | der Ch#riôtlichen Lehre/ heiligen Sacramenten/ | vnd allerley andern Ceremonien/ in mei | nes gnedigen Herrn/ Her#rn Otthain= | richen/ Pfaltzgrauen bey Rhein/ | Hertzogen inn Nidern vnd | Obern Bairn #&c. F#ürôten= | thumb gehalten wirt. | [coat of arms in four colors, 77 @ 63 mm.] | 1543. [Second part:] Der ander theyl der Kirchen= | o#rdnung/ Wie es mit den heyligen Sacramenten/ | vnd allerley andern Ceremonien/ in meines | gnedigen Herren/ Her#rn Otthainrichen | Pfaltzgrauen bey Rein/ Hertzo= | gen inn Nidern vnd Obern | Bairn #&c. F#ürôtenthum~ | gehalten wirdt. | [coat of arms in four colors, 77 @ 62 mm.] | 1543. [Third part:] Der dritt theyl der | Kirchen o#rdnung. | Catechiômus | Wie der in meines gnedigen Herren/ Her#rn | Othainrichen/ Pfaltzgrauen bey Rein/ | Hertzogen inn Nidern vnd O= |bern Bairn #&c. F#ürôtenthum~ | gep#redigt wirdt. | [coat of arms in four colors, 77 @ 62 mm.] | 1543. || [Colophon:] [at end of the third part:] Ged#ruckt zu Nürenberg/ durch | Johan Petreium/ Anno | {M. D. XLIII.}
%Size: 208 @ 131 mm. (ã3^a) %Collation: 2º in 4s: ã^4, a–i^4, A–M^4 N^6, 2a–2v^4 2x^6; $1–3 signed (–ã1 i3 A1 2a1 +N4 2x4) %Pagination: [{4}] 1–35 [{1}] {1} 2–52 [{2}] {1} 2–85 [{1}] (misnumbering part 3, page 24 as 26) %Contents: ã1^a title, ã1^b blank, ã2^a–ã4^a preface, ã4^b color plate, a1^a–i3^a text, i3^b–i4^b blank, A1^a title, A1^b color plate, A2^a–F3^a text, F3^b color plate, F4^a–N5^b text, N6^a–N6^b blank, 2a1^a title, 2a1^b color plate, 2a2^a–2x5^a text, 2x5^b–2x6^a table of contents, 2x6^b blank %Fingerprint: 1543 02 - a1 ã2 S : a2 ã3 on - 1b1 a r : 1b2 i2 $Me - 2b1 A3 $des$ : 2b2 N4 en$befe - 3b1 2a2 n$zu$ler : 3b2 2x4 thalben$f %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Indicated in Sehling, but not notated there.
Notes from Sehling.
Order of mass with communion (footnote indicates that the form is similar to Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1533): The Priester with his Ministranten (if they are used) in the usual vestments go to the altar as usual and kneel, praying the Confiteor or a penitential psalm. Then the Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra in usual fashion by the choir; or, if there is no choir (such as in the country) the priest may sing them himself or speak them aloud. If he is able to teach the people a good German Gesang that they can sing instead he may do that. (p. 70) The [Klugsche] Gesangbuch [of 1535] of Luther is recommended. Then he turns to the people and sings or speaks "Der Herr sei mit uns allen!" And the choir or the people answer "Amen." Then he turns again to the altar and sings or says "Laát uns beten!" Then a German collect d.t. is sung or spoken, or two or three with one termination, the first one to pray for spiritual needs, and the others may pray for peace, good government, a fruitful [harvest], etc. The same tone is used as when the collect was in Latin, the choir or people answering "Amen." Then the Priester or Subdiaconus (if there is one) reads the Epistle, Acts and the epistles being read straight through chapter by chapter, except for the high feasts (Christmas, Epiphany ("Obersten"), Purification, Annunciation, Palm Sunday, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, John the Baptist, Visitation, etc.). Then the choir sings a Gradual or Tract in Latin or an Alleluia with Sequence; or if there is no choir the Priester may read or sing one himself, or the people may sing a good German spiritual Gesang. Then the Priester or Diaconus reads the Gospel. (p. 71) The four gospels are read straight through. Then the Priester and choir sing the Credo and Patrem in Latin, or where there is no choir the Priester may sing or speak it himself, or the people may meanwhile sing "Wir glauben" ("...mag es der priester selbs singen oder sprechen und das volk dieweil das teutsch gesang: Wir glauben all in einen Gott lassen singen."). Then the sermon, or the sermon may be given before the mass where this is the custom. Then the Priester or one of the Ministranten reads the exhortation from the altar. Then the Priester says a prayer over the hosts and chalice, concluding "Wir bringen fur deine götliche majestat dise deine gaben, brot und wein, und bitten du wöllest dieselben durch dein götliche gnad, gute und kraft heiligen, segnen und schaffen, das dises brot dein leib und diser wein dein blut sei, und allen denen, die darvon essen und trinken, zum ewigen leben lassen gedeihen...." Then he sings or speaks the Verba consecrationis, taking the bread and holding it at his chest at the words "Nam er das brot." After the bread is consecrated he bows his head and holds the Host high for the people to see. Then he takes the chalice and sings or speaks the Verba, after which he holds it high for the people to see. (p. 73) Then the choir sings the Sanctus in Latin, or if there is no choir the Priester may sing or speak it himself or the people may sing a good German hymn, and during or after this he speaks the specified prayers for the government, for the servants of the Word, and for Christian unity. Then he sings or speaks the Vater Unser (p. 74), the choir responding "Amen." Then he turns to the people and sings "Der frid des Herren sei mit euch allen!" Chorus: "Amen." Then the choir, or where there is no choir, the priest himself, sings or speaks the Agnus Dei where it is used and "die weil das volk abermals ein gut teutsch geistlich gesang lassen singen," during which the priest speaks the prayer "Domine Jesu Christ, qui dixisti apostolis tuis: Pacem meam do vobis, pacem relinquo vobis, ne respicias peccata mea, sed fidem ecclesiae tuae, eamque secundum voluntatem tuam pacificare, custodire, adjuvare et regere digneris, qui cum Deo Patre et Spiritu Sancto vivis ac regnas, Deus per omnia secula seculorum! Amen." Or another of the three specified. Then all go to the sacrament who have registered and been absolved. If there are Ministraten the deacon distributes the chalice, otherwise the Priester communes all first with the body and then distributes the blood. During this the choir sings the Communion in Latin (see Jungmann 2:486–96; Braun 96f.), and if this is too short, another Latin Gesang pertaining to the sacrament, such as the responsory Discubuit Jesus. Where there is no choir a good German spiritual Gesang is sung, such as "Jesus Christus" or "Gott sei gelobet" or another pertaining to the time. After all have communed the priest communes. (p. 75) [A footnote indicates that this is so he can be certain that nothing is left over—the practice was instituted in Nürnberg at the first Lutheran mass in 1524.] He is to be certain that all of the sacrament is distributed, according to the words of Christ in Luke 22:17. Then he sings or speaks two collects, the second in Latin while bowed ("Corpus tuum, Domine, quod nos peccatores sumpsimus..."). Then he or a deacon sings the Benedicamus to the tone to which the Kyrie was sung, the choir answering to the same tone "Deo dicamus gratias." Then the Priester blessing the people (choice of four benedictions). (p. 76)
Tagampt without communicants: If on Sundays and festivals there are no communicants the Priester conducts the service in a Chormantel (footnote: "Das Pluviale, ein bis zu den Füáen reichender Umhang aus Seide, meist mit reicher Stickerei, der zu feierlicher Handlungen auáer der Messe getragen wird (Braun 269f. — Braun, Gewandung 306–358).") or even in his Chorrock (footnote: surplice, later called "Chorhemd") rather than in mass vestments (footnote: chasuble). Everything proceeds as in the mass up through the sermon. Then the Litany is sung with a collect for peace, closing with the Benedicamus and the common Benediction. When the time is not appropriate for the Litany to be sung ("wann die gelegenheit der zeit die litanei nit erfordert") the choir sings a good Chorgesang in Latin, or if there is no choir the people sing a good spiritual Gesang in German and the Priest [sings] a collect in accordance with the time, closing with the Benediction.
On weekdays where there are schools, in place of the Tagamt two or three psalms (according to their length) are sung in Latin with an antiphon, as in the Horis Canonicis: "Deus in adjutorium" [Ps. 70:2], "Domine, ad adjuvandum" [Ps. 70:2], Gloria Patri etc. Then an entire chapter is read from an epistle in German, according to the order used in the mass, then two or three psalms with an antiphon. Then an entire chapter in German from a gospel, according to the same order, then one of the major canticles is sung, such as the Te Deum or Benedictus or a Hymnus or Sequence d.t., closing with a German collect and the Benedicamus. Likewise in the villages at least on Wednesdays and Fridays the people assemble in the church at a set time and sing a good German spiritual Gesang, then the Priester reads an appropriate chapter from the German Bible, closing with a collect in German.
If the canonical hours are observed, either all or some, in foundations, cloisters and parishes, either daily or only at certain festivals, they should be held as previously, except that at Matins lessons from the Bible are to be read instead of Homilias. Specific instructions are given for places that observe nine and three lessons. (p. 77) The chapters are read in order, except for high feasts, which have their own lessons.
Vespers in the parishes is also held as usual, except that an entire chapter from Scripture is read in German instead of in Latin, and the office closes with a German collect. The same practice is observed in other hours that may be observed in the parishes, for the sake of the people.
Cloistered women are to sing the psalms in the usual tones, but in German, and the "lectiones, capitula und collecten" are also to be in German.
Above all in the mass and all offices no Latin is to be sung that is not taken from Scripture or at least in accordance with Scripture and free of doctrinal error. Not allowed, among others, is the Sequence of St. Dorothea, which includes the words "Sancta Dorothea, cor mundum in me crea" ("St. Dorothy, create in me a new heart"). (p. 78)
Collects follow to be used in the services (p. 78–83). The Litany follows (in the original, with musical notation) on p. 83–84.
Festivals observed (dates are editorial): New Year (Circumcision, Jan 1), Oberstag (Epiphany, Jan 6), Lichtmeá (Purification, Feb 2), Matthias (Feb 24), Verkündung (Annunciation, Mar 25), Palm Sunday, Easter (3 days), Philip and James (May 1), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, John the Baptist (Jun 24), Peter and Paul (Jun 29), James (July 25), Unser Frauen schidung (Assumption, Aug 15), Bartholomew (Aug 24), Matthew (Sep 21), Simon and Jude (Oct 28), Andrew (Nov 30), Thomas (Dec 21), Christmas (Dec 25), Stephen (Dec 26), John the Evangelist (Dec 27), all Sundays. (p. 94–95)
There is a chapter on old rites and customs that may or may not be retained. Extraliturgical dramas are prohibited, such as the ass on Palm Sunday, the crucifix and grave on Good Friday, the carrying about of the picture of Christ on Easter, the raising of the picture on Ascension, the releasing of doves (pigeons) on Pentecost, the rocking of the cradle at Christmas, all processions around and into the church with Weichwasser [Weihwasser?] and with the sacrament in the monstrance. The following shall no longer be dedicated ("weihen") or blessed ("segnen"): holy water ("Weihwasser") and salt on Sundays; wax on Purification; ashes on Ash Wednesday; palms on Palm Sunday; Easter candle ("Osterstock"—explanatory footnote given), baptismal water and new fire on Easter Eve; flat cakes ("Fladen"), eggs and meat on Easter Day; herbs and spices on Assumption; wine on St. John the Evangelist: all these are contrary to the Word of God, serving superstition more than devotion. (p. 96)
Where the Salve Regina (which is contrary to Scripture) cannot be abolished, it may be replaced with a revised version (musical notation given also in Sehling, p. 97–98): "O Jesu Christe, qui es sapientia sempiterni Patris et proles virginis matris Mariae, qui peccata mundi in cruce sponte moriendo expiasti et nos cruore tuo mundasti. Ad te confugimus omnes variis periculis in hoc mundo circumvallati. Ad te suspiramus miseri peccatorum nostrorum veniam et Dei Patris gratiam per te petentes. Eia ergo, advocate clementissime, placa nobis Patrem coelestem, quem offendimus, ut condonatis nostris peccatis unctionem Spiritus largiter cordibus nostris infundat, et lucem vivificam verbi tui, Domine, in tenebris mundi conserva et pravas haereses cum Antichristi tyrannide cito extirpa! O clara Dei Patris sapientia, O mira virginis matris prosapia, o sanctorum omnium fiducia et justicia, Jesu Christe!"
Pfalz 1546a s [9/23/95] - cloister
Bedencken des durchleuchtigsten pfaltzgraven Friederichs, churfursten und meins gnedigsten herren, auf trefflich gehalten rathe seyner churfürstlichen gnaden rethe und theologen, wie der stift zum heyligen geist, daraus dan alle andere stieftkirchen, in der Pfaltz gelegen, solten reformirt werden, in christlich ordenug zu veriechten sey. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 14:90–94.
Notes from Sehling. This is the order for the Holy Ghost Foundation.
All canonical hours had previously been sung. Heretofore Matins is sung as usual in the morning, but the lessons read are from the Scripture (and not from the Fathers or lives of the saints). Instructions are given for the distribution of lessons from Scripture in places where nine lessons are read and where three are read. Ditto with the chapter in Prime, Terce, Sext and None, with lectio continua being practiced from office to office. It would be preferable to sing Psalm 119 rather than the little offices. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, when there is no sermon, it would be good if a canon read a lesson in the choir for all the priests in Latin. If there are laity present it should be translated and explained in German as well.
The Dagampt is held as usual with communion, according to the order prescribed (the KO of 1546). If there are no communicants, it is held up to the Nicene Creed, then a chapter from the New Testament is read, then the Athanasian Creed or a Litany, (p. 91), then the Priester reads a collect d.t.f., then the Blessing.
Vespers is sung daily at 3:00 or thereabouts, except on Sundays and holy days, when it is sung at 2:00 to take into account the sermon and catechism instruction held on those days. No litanies invoking the saints are allowed.
Further instructions are given for specific holy days. (p. 92–93)
Attached instructions to the deacon (Dechan) of the Holy Ghost Foundation on Quasimodogeniti (May 2) 1546 include these points: the Verba and collects are to be sung in German; a "Gestüel" is set before the altar from which the Gospel, Epistle and other lessons are read in German; only one "Ampel" ("Wachslicht") is allowed in the church, the money supporting the others to be used for better purposes. (p. 94)
Pfalz 1546b s [9/23/95] - official
Gemaine maá, die kirchen- und gottesdinst anzurichten, bis das hierin durch kunftige visitatores und superattendenten weiter bericht gegeben würde. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 14:94–102.
Notes from Sehling.
Early service: held for the workers at 4:00 in the summer and 5:00 in the winter (p. 94): in the cities and large villages with more than one priest the Prister sings the Deus in adiutorium, the cantor singing with the scholars the Gloria Patri etc, with one or two Latin psalms, until the people assemble. Then the Prister reads a chapter from the Old Testament with the summary of Dietrich. The summary is read twice on account of those not understanding it, once before the lesson and again after it. The the Prister reads a brief exhortation to prayer and speaks aloud a Vater Unser with the morning blessing from the Small Catechism and the public confession. Then a German psalm may be sung, closing with a German collect, the complete service lasting a half hour. In villages with no Prister but only a Pfarrer the early service is held several times during the week, but only with reading of the chapter and summary with the prayer, public confession ("Offen schuldt") and morning blessing. On Fridays in villages a sermon lasting a half hour is held at 7:00, 8:00 or 9:00. In the cities a service is held every day (but at least Wednesdays and Fridays) with a lesson from Scripture read and explained, with singing of psalms, and closing with a German collect. (p. 95) All of this lasts an hour. Evenings where it is the custom a Christianized Salve [Salve Regina, according to the footnote] is sung. In the morning and evening the Glocken pro pace are rung.
Sundays and holy days, when there are communicants: where there are schools the mass is held. The Prister kneels before the altar in the usual Habit and prays the Confiteor, during which the choir sings the Veni Sancte in Latin, then the Prister sings a versicle and collect in Latin or German. Then the choir sings the Introit d.t. or for the Trinity or the Holy Spirit, the Kyrie (each one only once [i.e., a threefold Kyrie]) and the Et in terra in Latin. After the Prister sings the collect and Epistle in German the choir sings the Alleluia with a sequence in accordance with Scripture. If none such is available the sequence is omitted, or a Tract such as "Domine, non secundum peccata nostra facias nobis" may be sung instead. Then the Prister sings the Gospel in German and the "Credo in unum Deum," the choir singing the Latin Nicene Creed and the people singing "Wir glauben." Then the sermon, then the exhortation to the communicants from Ottheinrichs KO, then singing before the altar: "per omina secula, chorus: amen; Dominus vobiscum: et cum spiritu tuo; sursum corda: habemus ad Dominum (p. 96); gratias agamus domino Deo nostro: dignum et iustum est; vere dignum et iustum est etc." (alternating priest and choir). On high feasts the Priester sings the entire Preface and the choir the Sanctus up to the Agnus Dei, then the Priester begins to sing the Vater Unser in the tone in which it is usually sung in Latin, in the same way he sings the Verba consecrationis in German. At the words "name er das brot" he takes the paten upon which the hosts lie, as many as there are communicants who have registered and been absolved, into his hands, laying it down again at the end of the consecration. Ditto with the chalice, which is set down again after the consecration, the Elevation being omitted ("...lassen wir anstehen"). Then is sung "Der fride deá herrn sei mit euch allen," the choir answering "Amen." Then the communicants go forward and receive the body at the left of the altar and the blood at the right side. During the communion the people sing "Jesus Christus, unser heilandt" or "Gott sei gelobet" or another German Christian psalm, or the choir sings the responsory "Discubuit Jesus cum discipulis suis" or the German Pange Lingua. After the communion the choir sings the Agnus Dei, and the Prister sings a collect and a Blessing (Aaronic). (p. 97)
Weekdays in cities: if there are no communicants the Prister wears only a Chormantel over the Chorrock. The mass or Tagampt is sung as on holy days up to the Patrem. Then he goes to the pulpit and reads a chapter from the Old Testament with the summary, common intercession and public confession, as in the early service. Then the choir may sing one of the major canticles, such as the Benedictus or the Te Deum, in Latin or German, likewise the Athanasian Creed "Quicumque vult" in two parts. The Prister closes the Actum with a collect and a blessing, as above. In the villages where there is no priest besides the Pfarrer Sundays and festivals are held to such an extent when there are communicants ("...soll der sontag und andere festen dermassen gehalten werden, wann communicanten vorhanden, mage auch den communicanten einen besondern sonntag benennen..."), also a particular Sunday may be appointed for communion, such as once a month or every six weeks, although the people are to be dutifully exhorted to commune. In the service a German psalm is sung until the people have gathered, then the Prister in the usual vestment reads or sings the Veni Sancte Spiritus with the collect, likewise after the Confiteor the Introit, Kyrie and Gloria, then the collect, taking pains to read the collect to the people in German. Collect for peace: [German follows]. Then the Epistle in German, or at times an entire chapter from the epistles of Peter and John, beginning "Euer lieb vernem mit vleiá der epistel des heiligen Pauli zu den Romern etc." and ending "Das ist das erst capitel der episteln Pauli zu den Romern." Then he may read what seems to him most appropriate, (p. 98) such as an alleluia, tract or sequence. Where there are scholars, they may sing the Alleluia or Gradual. Then he reads the Gospel in German to the people or a chapter from an evangelist or the Acts, beginning and ending as with the Epistle, then the Creed and the Patrem, in Latin where possible, or the people sing the Glaube in German. Then the sermon, then the exhortation to the communicants, then he may sing or read the Preface, likewise the Sanctus, then as above with the Vater Unser and Verba consecrationis, the Pax Domini, all sung or read in German to the people, so that they hear and understand the words. If the Prister is alone without a Diacon, he first gives the body of Christ to all present who have registered and been absolved, and after all have partaken he gives the blood; during the communion "Got sei gelobet" and the like are sung, as above. In villages when there are no communicants the Prister presides ("procedieren") in a Chorrock and, if he has it, a Cormantel; the service proceeds as above through the Patrem, then the sermon, Vater Unser, Glaube, Ten Commandments read to the people, intercessory prayers, ending with a sung psalm and the blessing.
The Friday Vespers is held as is customary, with the Deus in adiutorium, then psalms sung in Latin. In place of the chapter after the psalms two boys may sing the Gospel that served as the sermon text in the morning service, the first in Latin as the lessons are sung in Matins, the second in German "in eodem tenore." After the Responsory and Hymnus is the catechism instruction and sermon from the catechism. Then the Chor sings the Magnificat, the Prister a collect, and the boys the Benedicamus. Or the catechism instruction may take place at the end of Vespers. Where Vespers is sung on weekdays a whole or half chapter is sung from the New Testament in place of the catechism instruction, and after the Magnificat are the collect and Benedicamus. (p. 99)
Pfalz 1547 (Frankfurt, 1547) s [9/23/95] - official
Kirchenordnung, Wie es mit der Christlichen Lehre, heiligen Sacramenten, und allerley andern Ceremonien, in meiner gnedigen herrn Otthainrichen, Pfaltzgraven bey Rhein Fürstenthumb gehalten wirt. Zum andern mal gedruckt Anno 47. Sehling 14: nearly identical to the 1543 order, and only the differences are reprinted here. A complete reprint of the text is expected in the Sehling volume on Bayern.
Notes from Sehling. Only differences from the 1543 edition are noted.
After the sermon in the mass the Priester goes to the altar and sings or reads the Preface, either entire or a section of it. The Latin Preface for Trinity follows with musical notation (not in Sehling). (p. 109) The Verba are sung. (p. 110)
Pfalz 1554 (Nürnberg, 1554) s [9/30/95] - official
Kirchenordnung, wie es mit der Christlichen lehre, heiligen Sacramenten, und Ceremonien, in meines Gnedigen Herrn, Herrn Otthainrichs, Pfaltzgraven bey Rhein, Hertzogen in Nider und Obern Bayrn etc. Fürstenthumb gehalten wirdt. Only the first few paragraphs differ from the Pfalz 1556 order; these are the only parts reprinted in Sehling, and the reader is referred to Sehling, vol. 14 for the remainder.
The 1556 order, on which I have already taken notes, is a reprint of this one except for the opening paragraphs, which do not contain liturgical prescriptions.
Pfalz 1556 (Nürnberg, 1556) s [9/19/95] - official
Kirchenordnung, wie es mit der christenlichen leere, heiligen sacramenten und ceremonien in des durchleuchtigsten, hochgebornen fürsten und herren, herrn Ottheinrichs, pfaltzgraven bey Rhein, des heiligen römischen reichs ertzdruchsessen und churfürsten, hertzogen in Nidern- und Obernbayrn etc. chur- und fürstenthumben gehalten wirdt. M.D.LVI. Sehling: Based on Württemberg 1553 and Neuburg-Pfalz 1554. Follows Neuburg-Pfalz in its more Lutheran slant.
Notes from Sehling.
Communion: offered in principal cities every month or, if desired, every other week; that is, as often as there are communicants that have registered. Observed as follows: "Komm, heiliger geist," "Nun bitten wir" or another German psalm or spiritual song d.t. Then the usual sermon on the Gospel, with a section on the use of the sacrament. Then the Glaube is sung in German. Then the Kirchendiener reads an exhortation to the altar (follows). (p. 147) The exhortation contains the Words of Institution. (p. 148) Then a collect is read, and the Vater Unser is sung in German by all. Then the Kirchendiener reads the Words of Institution. Even though they were previously read in the exhortation they are not to be omitted here, according to the words of the holy evangelists and St. Paul. Then the people proceed forward and receive at one part of the altar the body of Christ and at another part the blood of Christ, especially when there are many communicants. (p. 149) During the communion the church sings "Gott sey gelobet" or "Jesus Christus" or another spiritual song of praise. Then the Thanksgiving collect and blessing. (p. 150) The form of common prayer after the sermon on Sundays and holy days follows in two forms, long and short (p. 150–59).
The Litany is sung on a weekday. First "Mitten wir im leben seind" or another German psalm or spiritual song of penitence is sung. Then the Kirchendiener preaches from the Old or New Testament, during which he designates the present need, namely, a sin present in the congregation, such as drunkenness, cursing, deceit, etc. (p. 160) If there is a special concern, such as pestilence or war, that is mentioned, and then the Litany is sung. If there are no scholars, the Kirchendiener reads it and prays a designated collect. Then the church prays a Vater Unser, and then the usual (Aaronic) blessing.
About the Kirchengsang: Until now the entire Kirchendienst has been in Latin, an unknown language, including for the most part the sermon. This is against scripture. It is also against Christian teaching for the Kirchengsang to be in a foreign language. (p. 161) Henceforth the Kirchengsang shall be in German, also the readings in the various offices ("auch die andern ämpter mit fürlesen und fürsprechen in teutscher sprach geschehen sollen"). At times the scholars may, for their own practice, sing a Latin piece in accordance with Scripture between the second and third bell, before the people assemble. But since most people speak only German, the greater part of the Gsang is to be in German. The Kirchendiener should exhort the people to learn the assigned Gsang [footnote: the 1577 edition adds "and also arrive earlier at the service"] so that they can assist in the praise of God, not because this accomplishes the proper service of God, but because the Word of God bound with the music brings the right knowledge of God and produces spiritual fruit ("Und sollen die kirchendiener das volck ermanen, das sie die verordneten gsang lernen und mit gmeinem kirchengesang unsern herrn Gott helfen loben und preisen, doch nicht diser meinung, als solt hiemit der recht gottsdienst allerdings vollbracht sein, sonder, das menigklich durch das gsang Gottes worts, so darin verfasst, erinnert und daraus an rechter erkhantnus Gottes, an glaube, liebe, gedult und an allen andern tugenden gebessert werde.") Vestments: the Chorrock alone is to be worn for all services, since the Levitical priesthood with its festival garments had been abrogated by Christ. (p. 162)
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (2 days), New Year's Day, Epiphany, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Purification, Annunciation, Assumption (observed as Visitation), all apostles' days, John the Baptist, Michael the Archangel. (p. 163)
Vespers on Saturdays and holy day eves when there is communion on the following day: confession and absolution as in the chapter "Von der buss und absolution," except that a Christian Gsang is sung prior to it, and German psalms are sung by the scholars while the Kirchendiener hears the penitents. If there is no communion the following day, in the cities the scholars sing Latin psalms with a Latin antiphon (the 1577 edition adds "or other Christian German Gesang as desired"). Then the Kirchendiener reads a chapter from Scripture with the summary [footnote: Veit Dietrich, Summarien über die ganze Bibel, 1545 et al.] in German. Then the German Magnificat or another Christian Gsang is sung, closing with a common prayer and blessing. In the villages the Pfarrer may first sing a German psalm with the people, then a chapter is read from the Old and New Testament, then a German Lied or Psalm is sung, closing with a common prayer and blessing.
Sundays if there is communion, as above. If there is no communion, the scholars sing a Latin Introit, or the church sings a German spiritual Lied, then the sermon, then another psalm or hymn. [The 1577 edition says where there are schools the Introit, Kyrie and Et in terra are first sung in German or Latin, then the prayer and Epistle with the summary, then the Glaube, sermon, public confession, common prayer, and if there are communicants, the exhortation, Vater Unser, Verba Coenae, and communion, as above under Communion. Where Latin is not used German is used instead. If there is time pressure, such as when there are many communicants, the Minister may omit certain Gesenge or the long form of the prayer. In villages without schools and with only one Minister "uber [{sic}] den das lesen und singen fast allein gehet": first a familiar German Gesang is sung, then the prayer and Epistle with the summary. If there are no communicants, the same order is used (according to local custom), but after the common prayer something is sung, then closing with the prayer and blessing.] In the afternoon in the cities a sermon is held by the Diacon or Prediger, and at Vesper time catechism instruction is held. In the villages catechism is also held on Sunday afternoon, either right at noon or at the time of Vespers. On other festivals a service is held in cities and villages at Vesper time.
Weekdays: in cities sermons are held twice a week, in villages once, with psalms sung before and after the sermon, closing with the blessing. (p. 165)
Pfalz 1557 (Nürnberg, 1557) [12/5/95] - official
Kirchenordnung Wie es mit der Christlichen Leer, Raichunge der heiligen Sacramenten, Ordination der diener des Euangelij vnd ordenlichen Ceremonien, Erhaltung Christlicher Schulen vnd Studien, auch anderer der Kirchen notwendigen Stücken, &c. Jn Vnser Wolffgangs von Gottes Genaden, Pfaltzgrauens bey Rhein, Hertzogens in Bayern, vnd Grauens zu Veldentz Fürstenthumb gehalten werden soll. The Berlin copy (2º Dr 14124) has an appendix containing ms. hymns from the 16th century.
For the service rubrics Richter notes only "copied from Mecklenburg" or "copied from Württemberg."
Pfalz 1563 (Heidelberg, 1563) s [12/30/92; 2/18/93] - Reformed Kirchenordnung, wie es mit der christlichen Lehre, heiligen Sacramenten, vnnd Ceremonien... Cited in Graff 1:61. Graff: based on the Geneva liturgy, on the 1550 London order of … Lasco and on the 1563 order of the evangelical church in France; the marriage order is from Brandenburg-Nürnburg, and much is taken from Sachsen 1539.
K\Jrcheno#rdnung/ | Wie es mit der Ch#riôtlichen | Leh#re/ heiligen Sacramenten/ vnnd Ceremonien/ | inn des Durchleuchtigôten Hochgebo#rnen F#ürôten | vnnd Her#ren/ Her#rn Friderichs Pfaltzgrauen bey | Rhein/ des heilige~ Römiôchen Reichs Ertzdruchô= | eôôen vnnd Churfürôten/ Hertzogen inn | Bayrn #&c. Churf#ürôtenthumb | bey Rhein/ gehalten | wirdt. | [coat of arms] | Ged#ruckt zu Heidelberg/ durch Johannem | Maier/ jm jar/ {M. D. LXIII.} || [Colophon:] Ged#ruckt in der Churf#ürôtlichen Statt | Heidelberg/ durch Johannem | Mayer/ jm Jar | 1563.
%Size: 145 @ 105 mm. (B2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Y^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 A3) %Pagination: 88 leaves: ff. [{4}] 84 %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–A3^a preface, A3^b–A4^a table of contents, A4^b–Y4^b text %Fingerprint: 1563 04 - b1 A2 #ürt : b2 Y3 lichen$ %Preface: `WJR Friderich von Gottes gnade[n] Pfaltzgraff bey Rein deá heyligen Römischen Reiches Ertzdruchseá vnd Churfürst, Hertzog in Bairn &c." ... `Datum Moábach den 15. tag Nouembris/ Anno 1563." %Music: none
This is obviously a Reformed church order. There is no mention of subscription to confessions or to any of Luther's writings. "Catechismus" is defined as "ein kurtzer vnd einfeltiger mündtlicher bericht, von den fürnemsten stücken der Christlichen Lehr, darinn von den jungen vnnd einfeltigen widerumb gefordert vnd gehört wird, was sie gelernet haben." (f. 8^b) The catechism read before the sermon on Sundays and holy days, it being divided into nine sections (f. 9^a). In addition, the catechism Predigt is held each Sunday afternoon (at whatever time desired): hymn, Vatter Unser, Ten Commandments read, catechism instruction (f. 9^b). The catechism itself is contained on f. 10–34. Concerning communion: "Frag. Wirdt denn auá brod vnd wein der wesentlich Leib vnnd Blut Christi? Antwort. [f. 24^a] Nein: sonder wie das wasser in dem Tauff, nicht in das blut Christi verwandlet, oder die abwaschung der sünden selbst wird, deren es allein ein Göttlich warzeiche[n] vnd versicherung ist: also wirdt auch das heilig brodt im Abendmal nit der leib Christi selbst, wiewol es nach art vnd brauch der Sacramenten, der leib Christi genennet wird." (f. 23^b–24^a) The office of the keys is defined as the church's authority to include believers and exclude unbelievers; pastors are not mentioned. (f. 25^a–25^b) In addition, the Reformed numbering of the commandments is used (Sehling, p. 361).
Form of the Lord's Supper (f. 45^b–53^a): begins after the Predigt und Sontags Gebet. First the exhortation (which includes the Words of Institution addressed to the congregation) is read, with a concluding prayer and the Unser Vatter (to f. 50^b). The the Creed is spoken. Then: "Auff daá wir nun mit dem waren Himmelbrodt Christo gespeiset werden, so laát vns mit vnsern hertzen, nicht an dem eusserlichen brodt vnnd wein [f. 51^a] hafften, sonder vnsere hertzen vnd glauben vber sich in den Himel erheben, da Christus Jesus ist vnser Fürsprecher zur rechten seins Himlischen Vatters, dahin vns auch die artickel vnsers Christlich[n] glaubens weisen, vnnd nicht zweiffelen, daá wir so warhafftig, durch die würkung des heiligen Geists mit seinem leib vnnd blut an vnsern seelen gespeist vnnd getrenckt werde[n], als wir das heilig brodt vnd tranck zu seiner gedechtnuá empfangen." (f. 50^b–51^a) During the distribution hymns may be sung or appropriate chapters of Scripture on the death of Christ may be read (f. 51^a). After the distribution there is a prayer (f. 51^b–52^b). Kirchengebet (f. 53^b–68^b): Sunday, holy day and Bettag mornings: a prayer is read before the Predigt, ending with the Unser Vatter. After the Predigt is a confession and absolution ("verkündige ich aus de[m] befelch Gottes, daá sie von allen jren sünden (wie er in seinem heiligen Euangelio verheiát) in dem Himmel entbunden seind..."). A "Gebet nach der Predigt" is also given, ending with the Vnser Vatter. Then a hymn is sung, following by the Aaronic Benediction (f. 58^b).
Sunday and holy day midday service: held at noon in the cities. Eingang with Gebet as in the morning service, but the Gebet after the Predig is different (f. 58^b).
The catechism service is held in cities and villages as specified above (f. 60^b).
Weekday services: held Wednesday and Friday in the cities, with German psalms sung before and after the Predig, one closing with the prayer "Herr almechtiger Gott, laá deine heilige ehr vmd vnser sünden...," the other with the common prayer in which the needs of all Christendom are included. In villages a service is held one day in the week, with the common prayer and "da das volck zum singe[n] geschickt ist" (because the people are used to singing), "soll ein Psalm so zur Buá dienstlich, darzu gesungen werden." (f. 61^b) And each week on an unspecified day a Predig shall be held from the Old or New Testament on sinfulness and the wrath of God: before the Predig a German psalm is sung, after which the Kirchendiener speaks the prayer (as on Sunday) before the sermon. (I assume this service still applies to the villages.) (f. 62^a). After the sermon comes a very long prayer (f. 62^a–65^a). In the cities on the remaining weekdays a chapter from Scripture is read with a summary, followed by the Morgen gebet (follows) with the Vatter Vnser and Ten Commandments; there is no singing, and the service is not to last over half an hour (f. 65^b). Evening prayer is held with the Kirchendiener reading a chapter, with instruction and exhortation on it, then the Abendgebet and Vatter Vnser, and Glaube spoken (f. 66^b). Where possible in villages, morning and evening prayer are to be held Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays (f. 67^a). On Saturday before a communion Sunday, communion preparation replaces Abendgebet (f. 67^b).
Holy days (services held as on Sundays): Christmas (2 days), New Year's, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days) (f. 68^a).
Pfalz 1569 (Heidelberg, 1569) r [7/27/93]
Kirchen-ordnung... inn... Herrn Friderichs Pfaltzgraven bey Rhein... Churfürstenthumb bey Rhein...
A reprint of the 1563 order, with the same page layout.
Pfalz 1576 (Heidelberg, 1576) r [7/27/93]
Kirchen-ordnung... inn... Herrn Friderichs Pfaltzgraven bey Rhein... Churfürstenthumb bey Rhein...
Pfalz 1684 (Heidelberg, 1684) s [2/18/93] - Reformed Chur-Pfältzische Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es mit der christlichen Lehr... in allen Kirchen der churfürstlichen Pfaltz gehalten werden soll... anjetzo... nachgedruckt... B4 (pp. 15–16) has been removed, but the text is complete.
C\hur. P\fältziôch\\e | K\irch\en=O\rdnung/ | W\ie es mit der Chriôtlichen Lehr/ heiligen | {Sacramenten} und {Ceremonien,} in allen Kirchen | der Chur=Fürôtlichen Pfaltz gehalten werden ôoll: | Wie dieôelbe vor alters/ {publicirt} geweôen/ und | anjetzo bey Regierung | Des | Durchleuchtigôten F\#ºrôten und | HERRN/ | H\errn CA\RL\Y\ | Pfaltzgrafen bey Rhein/ des H\eil. Röm. | Reichs Ertz=Schatzmeiôters und Churfürôten/ Hertzogen | in Bayern/ #&c. Aufs neue nachgedruckt worden. | [emblem, 47 @ 45 mm.] | [rule] | Für die Kirche zu [remainder of the line is blank] || [Colophon:] G\edruckt in der Ch\ur= | F\ürôtl. {Residentz-}S\tadt | H\eydelberg. | [emblem, 46 @ 44 mm.] | {ANNO M DC LXXXIV.}
%Size: 141 @ 107 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4, A^4 B^4(–B4) C–2S^4 2T^2; $1–3 signed (–)(1 2T2); N2–3 O2–3 P2–3 R2–3 S2–3 T2–3 V2 X2–3 Y2 2B2–3 2C2 2F2 2H2 2J2 2K2 2L2 2M2–3 2N2 2O2–3 2P3 2Q2–3 2R2–3 2S2–3 with arabic numerals; 2F3 signed 2E3 %Pagination: 169 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–14 17–330 330 [#=329] [{1}] %Contents: )(1^a title, )(1^b blank, )(2^a–)(3^b official authorization, )(4^a–)(4^b table of contents, A1^a–2T2^a text, 2T2^b colophon %Fingerprint: 0000 04 - a1 )(2 ort : a2 )(3 geb#º - b1 A S : b2 2T eôer %Preface: `WJr Carl von GOttes Gnaden, Pfaltzgraf bey Rhein, des heiligen Römischen Reichs Ertz- Schatzmeister und Chur-Fürst, Hertzog in Bäyern &c." ... `Datum Heidelberg, den 29. Januar. Anno 1684." %Music: none
Sunday morning: Predigt held at 8:00 in cities and villages, not to last more than an hour. Eingang: "Gnad, Fried, und Barmhertzigkeit, etc." Then the prayer "Himmlischer Vatter..." The closing is: confession and absolution, prayer, a brief psalm is sung, blessing. (p. 5)
Sunday afternoon catechism Predigt in the cities: hymn "GOtt um rechten Verstand seines Worts" (is this actually a hymn title?), prayer, catechism read, explanation for half an hour, the youth are examined (p. 5), closing with prayer and blessing.
Sunday evening Predigt in the cities: Eingang, Gesang and Gebett as in the afternoon, reading, explanation especially for the adults, prayer.
In the country there is only one service Sunday afternoon: the youth are examined first, then the bell is rung again and the entire congregation assembles. Then Eingang, Gesang, Gebett, Summa des Catechismi with the text read, questions on the reading explained for half an hour, "nachgehens die jenigen, so für bescheiden, mit Sanftmut und Bescheidenheit, in dem Fundament der Seligkeit, examiniret und unterrichtet," closing with the usual prayer. (p. 6)
Weekday Predigten: Wednesday and Friday in the cities; Wednesday or another day in the villages. German psalms and Gesänge to be sung before and after the Predigt, also closed with one of the prayer printed below. (p. 7)
Also described are the Bettags-Predigten, Fest- und Feyertags-Predigten, Morgen- und Abend-Gebetts- Predigt (no singing), and the Vorbereitungs-Predigt, held the day before Abendmahl is observed.
Abendmal: the sermon should if possible be related to the Abendmahl. After the sermon the exhortation is read (it takes up p. 252–66), followed by a prayer (p. 267–69), the Vnser Vatter, the Apostle's Creed (p. 270), and the distribution. Then a prayer of thanksgiving and Benediction (p. 272–76).
Pfalz-Zweibrücken 1563 ([Ober]ursel, 1563) s [7/27/93] - official
Kirchenordnung Wie es mit der Christlichen Leer, Raichunge der heiligen Sacramenten, Ordination der diener des Euangelij vnd ordenlichen Ceremonien, Erhaltung Christlicher Schulen vnd Studien, auch anderer der Kirchen notwendigen Stücken, &c. Jn Vnser Wolffgangs von Gottes Genaden, Pfaltzgrauens bey Rhein, Hertzogens in Bayern, vnd Grauens zu Veldentz Fürstenthumb gehalten werden soll. Erstlich aussgangen A. 1557. Und jetzund widerumb gedruckt A. 1560. Gedruckt zu Ursel, durch Nic. Henricum 1563.
K\irch\\eno#rd\= | nu\ng\ | W\ie es\ mi\t d\er C\h\ri\= | ôtlich\en L\ere/ R\eichung der | heilig\en Sacramenten/ Ordination der Die= | ner des Euangelij/ vnd ordenlichen Ceremonien/ Er= | haltung Chriôtlicher Schulen vnd Studien/ | auch anderer der Kirchen notwen= | digen Stücken etc. | J\n vnôer W\olffg\ang\s von Gottes Gna= | den/ Pfaltzgrauens bey Rhein/ Hertzogens in | Baiern/ vnd Grauens zu Veldentz | Fürôtenthumb gehalten | werden ôol. | Gedruckt zu Vrôel/ durch Nicolaum | H\enricum. | Anno 1563. || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu V\rôel\/ durch\\ | Nicolaum H\enricum/ Als man zalt nach | der Geburg vnôers lieben H\errn vnd | H\eilands J\heôu Chriôti/ | 1563. J\ar. | [acorn pointing down and to the right]
%Size: 215 @ 128 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 2º in 4s: A–Z^4 a–r^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); A3 C3 L3 with roman numerals %Pagination: 160 leaves: ff. [{4}] 1–153 155–156 [{1}] (misnumbering 2 as 5, 45 as 54, 62 as 61, 88 as 89, 99 as 98, 126 as 136, 132 as 123; 154 appears on the verso of f. 153)
%Fingerprint: 1563 02 - b1 A2 on$ : b2 r3 ei %Preface: `WJr Wolffgang von Gottes gnaden Pfaltzgraue bey Rein, Hertzog in Beiern, vnd Graue zu Veldentz" ... `Datum zu Zweybrücken den ersten Junij, nach Christi vnsers Seligmachers Geburt, Jm Tausent, Fünffhundert vnd Sieben vnd Fünfftzigsten Jar." %Music: none
Catechism services held in cities on Sunday afternoons (in villages the catechism is read after the sermon) (f. Y1^a), ending with a prayer (f. a4^b). Confession is heard after the Predigt and Vespers (f. b2^b).
Communion: the real presence acknowledged (f. c1^a). Communion is held once a month, or every two weeks if there are communicants (f. c1^b). It begins with "Kom heiliger Geist," "Nu bitten wir" or another psalm or hymn; the singing continues until the congregation has assembled. Then the confession and absolution. (f. c1^b) It begins with a brief exhortation, then the Priester kneels at the altar with another Kirchendiener or Custos next to him and says "Vnser hülffe stehet im namen des Herrn," the Chor responding "Der geschaffen hat Himel vnd Erden." Then the Priester prays the confession "Jch armer Sündiger Mensch..." (f. c2^a). The other Diener speaks a brief exhortation to the Priester, then the Priester speaks the "Absolution," the one from {The Lutheran hymnal} (1941) ending "Grant this, Lord, unto us all." The people are silent during all of this. (f. c2^b) Then the Chor or Schul sings the Introit, or if desired a German psalm is sung instead. Then the German Kyrie. Then "Allein Gott in der Höhe." Then "Dominus uobiscum" or "Der Herr sey mit euch," the Chorus responding "Et cum spiritu tuo" or "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then the Priester reads the Collect in German, and the people respond "Amen." Then the Priester reads the Epistle in German, then a hymn is sung appropriate to the time, then the Priester reads the Gospel in German, then the people sing "Wir gleuben all." Where there are schools, the Patrem to the usual melody may be sung (it doesn't say whether this is in addition to or in place of the Glaube). Then the sermon on the Gospel, which is read again; the sermon should not last more than 45 minutes, or at most an hour. Then the people are exhorted to thanksgiving and prayer (f. c3^a), and the Gemeines Gebet. The Prediger should exhort the people to remain during the communion. Then the people communing assemble in the Chor and kneel, the men on one side, the women on the other. Then the Sanctus is sung if there is time, and in the cities with schools it may be sung either in Latin or in German as "Esaia dem Propheten." Then the exhortation. (f. c3^b). Then the Priester speaks or sings the Vater Unser and the Verba, or the congregation may sing the German Vater Unser, after which the Priester reads or sings the Words of Institution. (f. d3^a) Then the people receive the body at one place and the blood at another, especially when there are many communicants. The Elevation is not done. During the distribution the people sing "Gott sey gelobet" or "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" or "Jch dancke dem Herrn" or "O Lamb Gottes vnschüldig" or "Christe du Lamb Gottes." Afterwards is the (usual) Thanksgiving and the Benediction.
Weekday service: on a particular day during the week when the congregation has gathered "Mitten wir im Leben sind" or another penitential psalm or hymn is sung. Then the Kirchendiener delivers a sermon from the Old or New Testament. (f. f4^a) Then he brings a particular sin (the sin d.t.?!) before the people and reminds them of God's wrath and calls them to repentence. Then the Litany is sung in the usual fashion, but if there are no scholars, it is read by the Kirchendiener; any Kirchendiener should, however, be able to find one or two boys who can learn to sing the leader's part ("das sie der Kirchen vorsingen"). (f. f4^b)
Kirchengesang: the same text as in Württemberg 1553 (f. g1^b–g2^a). No Gesang may be sung in the church unless it is in agreement with Scripture and has the prior approval of the Superintendent.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity: communion to be held on all these days as on Sundays, "allein das die Jntroitus vnd Sequentz, oder an stat derselben ander Deudsche Geistliche Lieder de Tempore gesungen werden." In addition, the old German hymns are sung: "Ein kindelein" on Christmas, "Christ ist erstanden" or "Also heilig ist der tag" on Easter and "Nu bitten wir" on Pentecost. These are sung by the Prediger at the beginning of the sermon with the people. Also observed are: apostles' days, St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis (morning services only, communion when there are communicants); Corpus Christi is abolished. (f. g2^b–g3^b)
Vespers on Saturdays and holy day eves in the cities when there is communion the following day: the scholars sing Psalms until the congregation gathers, then a hymn is sung by the congregation, then the German Magnificat, then the sermon, then a collect, and the Chor concludes with the Benedicamus Domino or Erhalt uns, Herr and Verleih uns frieden. Then confession. (f. h1^a) If there is no communion the following day: the scholars sing Latin Psalms with antiphons, or a hymn. Then the Kirchendiener reads a chapter from the Bible with the summary in German. Then the German Magnificat (or occasionally, for the sake of the scholars, the Latin) or another hymn is sung, closing with the common prayer and Blessing. "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleihe vns friede" may be sung.
In villages for Saturday Vespers the Pfarherr may sing a German psalm with the people. Then a chapter with the summary, then another hymn or psalm, then the Gebet and Blessing.
Sunday service when there are no communicants: the Priester speaks the confession, prayer and absolution, as above, before which the Schul may sing a Latin Introit or a psalm or two in German or Latin. Then the people sing a German psalm or two or "Allein Gott in der höh" or another hymn. (f. h1^b) Then a collect, the Epistle, a Psalm, the Gospel, the Glaube, the sermon (f. h2^a). the Litany or other psalms and hymns, a collect, the Benediction, "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleih vns fried."
Sunday afternoon in the cities: at 1:00, 2:00 or 3:00 the scholars sing a psalm or two or the Ten Commandments, "Vater unser im Himelreich," "Christ vnser Herr zum Jordan kam," etc. Then the catechism instruction, with recitation. (f. h2^b) Then the Magnificat is sung. Then the Prediger reads the parts of the catechism from the Cantzel. Then he sermonizes on one part of it. Then the exhortation to prayer. Then "HERR nu lestu deinen Diener im friede faren" is sung, then a collect and the Benedicamus Domino.
Weekdays: services in the cities are Wednesday and Friday at 7:00 to 8:00 (not longer). (f. h3^a) Before and after the sermon German hymns are sung, such as "Vater unser im Himelreich," "Wo Gott der Herr nicht bey vns helt," "Ein feste Burg," etc. After the sermon the Litany is sung. (f. h3^b)
Saturday Vespers in the villages: rung at 2:00, the pastor (if he lives in the village) comes to church and sings with the Custos or Glöckner a psalm in German, then the Hymn "O lux beata" in German or another appropriate hymn. Then the Magnificat in German and the Collect, then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleih vns freiden." If men and women come to church (which the Pfarherr should exhort them to do), a lesson is read from the German Bible with the summary before the Magnificat, and a German psalm is sung after the Magnificat. Then confession. (f. h4^a)
Communion in the villages: first is the confession, prayer and absolution, as above. Then a German psalm is sung in place of the Introit. Then the German Kyrie. Then "Allein Gott in der höh." Then the Pfarherr speaks "Der Herr sey mit euch." The Custos or Glöckner answers "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then the collect, the Epistle, a German psalm, the Gospel, "Wir gleuben," the sermon and das gemeine Gebet (f. h4^b). Then an exhortation to remain for communion. Then the Pfarherr begins to sing "Es wölle vns Gott gnedig sein" from the Cantzel. Then the Pfarherr prays the Vater vnser and the Verba. Then "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" is sung, during which the people commune. If there are many communicants other hymns are sung: "Gott sey gelobet," "Jch dancke dem Herrn" and last "O Lamb Gottes vnschüldig" or "Christe du Lamb Gottes." After the communion the Pfarherr speaks the Collect "Wir dancken dir," then the Benediction. Then "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleih vns frieden" are sung.
Sunday and festival afternoons in the villages: before and after the catechism instruction is sung "Dis sind die heiligen zehen Gebot" or "Vater vnser" etc. (f. i1^a) If a Sunday afternoon service cannot be held, a part of the catechism is to be read after the sermon every Sunday and Friday. If there are no communicants [we're back to the morning service now!], the service is the same through the sermon, except that the confession, prayer and absolution may be done after the sermon instead so more people can benefit, since people tend to arrive late. After the sermon the Litany is sung.
Weekdays in the villages: where possible, a service is held one day per week. There is a sermon, before which a German psalm or two is sung, and after which a German psalm or the Litany is sung, and closing with the usual Blessing. (f. i1^b)
Pfalz-Zweibrücken 1570 (Nürnberg, 1570) r [7/30/93] - official
Kirchenordnung Wie es mit der Christlichen Leer, Raichunge der heiligen Sacramenten, Ordination der diener des Euangelij vnd ordenlichen Ceremonien, Erhaltung Christlicher Schulen vnd Studien, auch anderer der Kirchen notwendigen Stücken, &c. Jn Vnser Wolffgangs von Gottes Genaden, Pfaltzgrauens bey Rhein, Hertzogens in Bayern, vnd Grauens zu Veldentz Fürstenthumb gehalten werden soll. Erstlich zu Zwaypruckh, Anno 1557. Und hernacher vmb Christlicher Gottseliger gleichförmigkeit willen beider Fürstenthumben, zu Neuburg an der Thunaw Anno 1560 zum andern mal aussgangen vnd publicirt. Jetzundt aber durch die... Fürsten vnd Herrn, Herren Philips Ludwigen, vnd Herrn Johansen, gebrüder, beide Pfaltzgrauen bey Rhein... auss vielen notwendigen Christenlichen ursachen... one ainige verfelschung oder verenderung widerumb erholet, vnd mit ainer Christlichen Vorrede inn Druck gegeben. Jm Jar 1570. Cited in Graff 1:61.
The text of the church order is the same (except for some changed headings) as in the order of 1563. But appended are Luther's articles intended for the council at Mantua and {Kirchengesang Teutsch vnd Lateinisch, Dauon in Newburgischer vnd Zweybruckischer gleichförmiger Kirchenordnung meldung geschicht} (1570).
Pirna [before 1569] s [11/27/95] - official
Lauterbach, Anton. [Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:641–45.
Notes from Sehling. Anton Lauterbach was superintendent of the city of Pirna. Pirna is in Saxony.
The Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Collect, Epistle, Gradual, Sequence, Gospel and Preface are to be sung in Latin and/or German ("latine et germanice") on solemn festivals. Psalms, hymns and the Magnificat are to be sung in German at Vespers. On Sundays psalms are sung (cant. cont.), then a pure hymn or responsory de tempore, then the boys read a chapter from the Bible in Latin and German, then alternating choirs ("postremo alternis choris") sing the Te Deum, the Quicumque vult, "O got vater, du hast gewalt," "Nun freuet euch, lieben christen gmein." Then the sermon on the catechism followed by the examination on the sermon and catechism. (p. 642)
Hymns are given for the year, with an indication that a Gradual and Sequence are to be sung on certain days. (p. 642–43)
Plauen 1529 s [4/2/95] - parish
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:111.
Notes from Sehling.
Matins on Sundays and high feasts: Venite, then psalm with antiphon, then a lesson from the Old Testament, then the Te Deum, then if there is time the Benedictus with antiphon and collect, all in German.
High Office ("hoe ampt"): after something has been sung in German a psalm with a part of Luther's catechism is read in place of a Lection. Then the communion office begins with "Kom heiliger geist," then the Introit "Kyrieleison" and "In terra" in German and Latin on alternating Sundays, then the Collect is read, then the Epistle, then the people sing a German hymn of praise, although at times the Schüler may sing a pure sequence, then the Gospel, then "Wir glauben," then the sermon and the paraphrase of the Vater Unser. Then the Preface and the Word of the Testament with the Elevation, then the choir sings the Sanctus, then the Minister reads the Vater Unser, then the people commune and sing "Gott set gelobet" or "Jesus Christus," ending with the Collect and Blessing.
Between 11:00 and 12:00 is a sermon on the Ten Commandments, the Glaube and the Vater Unser. At 2:00 is Vespers with psalms and antiphon with a lesson, [Magnificat?] and a collect, all in German. At 5:00 or 6:00 the boys sing every day the "Salve Jesu Christe" with the "Da pacem" in Latin and a German collect.
Weekdays: Early a Hymnus with an antiphon and a psalm is sung, then a lesson from the apostles is read to the people, then the prayer for all sorts and conditions, ending with a hymn of praise. On Wednesday and Friday there is a sermon. At 8:00 [the office] is rung, and a psalm from Luther's order or an Introit in Latin is sung, then the Epistle with a brief explanation, then a Gesang, then the Gospel is read, then something brief is sung, closing with a collect. At 2:00 the boys sing Latin Vespers, with one boy reading a lesson in Latin and the other reading in German, closing with a collect; the psalm is usually "Beati immaculati"; in the evening the "Salve" is sung, and in Lent the catechism is expounded.
Apostles' days: there is an early service, after which each person is free to observe [the day] or to work. (all p. 111)
Plauen 1552 s [4/5/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. Sehling calls this the "Kirchen-Ordnung Heinrich's IV." REPRINT: Sehling 2:153–58.
Notes from Sehling.
Sundays: Antiphon, psalm in German, then antiphon repeated. Then the Responsory d.t. in Latin. Then a chapter from the O.T is read with the summary of Dietrich. Then the Te Deum is sung, [then] the canticle of Zachariah in German with an antiphon, antiphonally, then the Collect from the Sunday, as customary, then the Benedicamus, all in German.
Communion: the Confiteor or public confession before the altar is optional; the Priest may alternatively pray a psalm kneeling before the altar, such as "Miserere mei deus," "De profundis clamavi" or the like. The choir sings the Introit, Kyrie and Et in terra in Latin, then the Gloria in German "nach den noten de tempore." If Latin mass in being held, it may also be sung in Latin. Then the Collect, Epistle in German, a German psalm with the entire church, Gospel, Glaube, sermon, hymn for peace (p. 153), such as "Erhalt uns herr," "Verlei uns frieden," "O herr gott gib uns dein fried," etc. Then the Preface in German up to the Verba. Then the exhortation to the communicants. The Verba are sung everywhere "in einer melodien." The Vater Unser may be sung after the communion or omitted. The Benediction is sung facing the people. During the communion may be sung the Sanctus, Agnus Dei, "Esaia dem propheten," "Jesus Christus," "Gott sei gelobet," etc.
Vespers: sung every Sunday in all churches. In the cities figural music may be done, with psalms, Magnificat, etc. Catechism instruction is held after Vespers. In the cities Vespers is held daily, and it would be good if it were done in Latin, with a German lesson, for the practice of the boys.
Weekday sermons: held Wednesdays and Fridays in the cities and Fridays (in weeks when there is no apostle's day) in the villages. Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays Morning Prayer (Früegebet) is held in the cities: first a German Hymnus, then an antiphon and German psalm and antiphon, then a lesson from the New Testament with the summary from "B. Rutae, Ditterichs oder Linckens," finally an exhortation to prayer for all needs, then a hymn and the Da pacem in German (or whatever else is desired), with collect and blessing. The Litany is done every Monday, or Psalm 79, "Deus venerunt gentes," in German against the Pope, the Turks and the devil. (p. 154)
Those called into the ministry (Predigamt) shall not be ordained any place except Wittenberg. (p. 155) Plön 1732 (Plön, 1732) s [9/15/93] - official
Fürstl. Holstein-Plönische Kirchen-Ordnung.
F\ürôtl. H\olôtein=P\löniôche | K\irch\\en=O\rdnung/ | Zum Nutzen | Der in dem Hertzogthum Holôtein Plöniôchen | Antheils belegenen Kirchen und der dazugehö= | rigen Kirch=Gemeinden ôorgfältig verfaôôet/ | auch | U\nter H\och=F\ürôtl. ernôtlichen B\efehl/ | daá solcher von allen/ die derôelben Amts=Ordnung= | und Gewiôôenshalber zu folgen ôchuldig/ {®a dato publicationis¯} | ôoll nachgelebet werden/ ans Licht geôtellt. | * * * [middle asterisk higher than the others] | 1 Cor. XIV. 40. | Laôôet alles ehrlich und ordentlich zugehen. | [emblem, 46 @ 35 mm.] | [rule] | PLOEN/ | Gedruckt bey Joh. Died. Reuôôen/ Hochfl. privil. Buchdrucker/ 1732.
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%Fingerprint: 1732 04 - b1 A re : b2 N ten %Preface: `Von Gottes Gnaden, Wir FRIDERICH CARL, Erbe zu Norwegen, Hertzog zu Schleáwig, Holstein, Stormarn und der Dithmarsen, Graf zu Oldenburg und Dellmenhorst, &c. &c." ... `Geben auf Unserm Residentz-Schloá Plön, den 10 September, 1732. FRIDERICH CARL." %Music: none
The Prediger should inform the people that it is not proper to leave before the Benediction is given, and also that they should not remain outside after the beginning of the service. The hymns are to be written on the hymnboard by the organist or Küster a half hour before the service, and they should be sung slowly with organ accompaniment. It would be good if they were announced the previous Sunday. (p. 13) The usual Amts-Predigt should not last longer than an hour. References are made to all the usual services. (p. 14) These include the usual Predigten on Sundays and festivals, Saturday Vespers, Früh-Predigt, Monday Betstunden (p. 63).
Order of service on Sundays and festivals (in an appendix): "Komm heiliger Geist" is sung, the Prediger intones "Ehre sey GOtt in der Höhe," "Allein Gott" is sung, "Der HErr sei mit euch" and collect, Epistle is read, Haupt-Gesang is sung, two boys recite a section of the catechism, the Prediger intones "Jch glaube fest an einen GOtt," the congregation sings the Glaube and then "HErr JEsu Christ, dich zu" or "Liebster JEsu, wir sind hier" (the usual Christmas, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost and Michaelis ("Christ der du bist der helle Tag") hymns are sung at the beginning of the sermon), then either communion or catechism instruction, then collect and Benediction, then the people sing "Nun dancket alle GOtt" or (if there was communion) "Christe du Lamm Gottes." (p. 97)
Orders are also given for Good Friday and Confirmation. (p. 98–100)
Pommern 1535 (Wittenberg, 1535) s [3/4/95] - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Kercken-ordeninge des gantzen Pamerlandes dorch de hochgebaren försten und heren, heren Barnym unde Philips, beyde gevedderen, up dem landdage to Treptow, to eeren dem hilligen evangelio bestaten. Dorch Doc. Joannem Bugenhagen. Cited in Graff 1:27. Graff: based on Braunschweig 1528.
Notes from Sehling.
Latin is used when the congregation is present and does not sing along, German otherwise. On festivals the Introit, Gloria, Alleluia or Sequence, Preface, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, etc. may be sung in Latin where there are good schools.
Saturday Vespers: the scholars go to the choir, two youths sing an antiphon, then one or two psalms are sung according to the tone of the antiphon, then the antiphon is sung in its entirety. The psalm is to be sung neither too quickly nor too slowly, with good diction; everything that is sung is to be in accordance with Scripture. After the antiphon is sung at times when desired a good responsory d.t. and the hymn d.t. And the Schoolmaster should interpret the festival hymns in the school so that the children have more desire to sing them. After the hymn three youths read three short lessons from the Bible, the schoolmaster setting them to such tones as are used for the prophets. Then a fourth boy slowly and clearly reads the same lessons in German. Then three or four boys read ("lesen") Luther's Latin Litany. "Unde dat chor schal stedes entwerden, wo im sankbökeken vorvatet is..." Then the Predicant reads a collect pro ecclesia, and after the "Amen" the Benedicamus is sung. On special festivals in place of the Litany the Magnificat is sung in Latin with an antiphon from the festival, then the Collect and Benedicamus. Then confession.
Sundays and holy day mornings: a German psalm is sung before the sermon ("predekie"), and after the sermon [one is sung] with the people. After the first sermon the scholars sing in the church two or three psalms with an antiphon and four lessons, as before, then the Te Deum or Quicunque vult with the antiphon "Adesto deus unus," then the Collect and Benedicamus. Then if time permits there is a break during which the boys go home.
Mass: The Schoolmaster or Cantor begins the German Benedictus ("mit der differentia septimi toni") with the antiphon "alleine in fine, Gelavet si de herr de godt Israel," as notated at the end of this order. Then is sung the German psalm "Erbarm di miner" or another psalm, or at times a Latin Introit; where there are good scholars, the Kyrie, and at times the Latin or German Gloria. Then the Priest says before the altar "lat uns beden" and reads a German collect with the short ending "dorch Jesum Christum, unsen herrn. Amen." Then he turns to the people and reads the Epistle to the usual Epistle tone, beginning "So schrivet S. Paul ton Römern," etc. If he cannot sing, he may read it loudly and clearly immediately after entering the pulpit ("gelick als me up dem predigstoel plecht to dönde"), especially in the villages, upon which the entire church sings a German psalm. Where there are good schools an Alleluia or Latin Gradual may be sung, and on Easter, Pentecost and Christmas the Sequence with the German hymn may be sung. The Priest sings the Gospel in front of the altar facing the people with the Gospel tone. If he cannot sing, he may read it, as with the Epistle. Then where there are schools, the Priest sings the "Credo in unum deum," then the Patrem is sung in its entirety, then the "Wi löven" in German. Then the sermon, then from the pulpit the exhortation to pray for all sorts and conditions. Then the Da pacem is sung in Latin and German, or something else is sung, during which the communicants go to the altar, the men on the right and the women on the left. Then the Preface is sung in Latin when desired, especially on the high feasts, with the Sanctus in Latin or German, then the exhortation to the sacrament, which should be brief so that the people do not become bored; they should be reminded to remain until the Benediction. At times the exhortation may be omitted. After the hymn (and exhortation) the Priest begins "Lat uns beden, Vader unse etc.," as in Wittenberg. The Vater Unser and Verba are sung as printed in the Lübeck order. During the communion the church sings an Agnus Dei in Latin or German: "O lam gades etc., Jesus Christus etc., Godt si gelavet etc., den psalm confitebor," concluding with another German Agnus, "Christe, du lam gades." Then a collect and the Benediction. After the last "Amen" there is no more singing. If there are no communicants, after the sermon ("sermon") one or two German psalms are sung.
Vespers: on holy days the children sing psalms and lessons and the Magnificat, as in the Vespers without Litany; the German Te Deum may also be sung after the hymn by the choir and congregation as in Luther's hymnal; that is, half verse by half verse. Then the sermon, after which the congregation sings the German Magnificat without Gloria Patri, with the antiphon, and the German Nunc Dimittis with the Gloria Patri, in German. Then a German collect is read, then the Benedicamus is sung.
Weekday mornings at 8:00 after school the children sing Latin psalms and lessons (as above) in the nearest church, and the Benedictus with a good antiphon, and after the Collect the Benedicamus, after which they may go home, and they return to school at 9:00. At 2:00 after school they sing in the nearest parish church ("parkerken") one or two psalms with four brief lessons (with each lesson three or four lines ("regen") long), then a hymn and the Magnificat, with the Collect and Benedicamus. Then they may go home, returning to school at 3:00. Once a week in the service they sing the German Litany with the congregation before the sermon. So that the children have a break, they do not sing Wednesday at Vespers or Saturday mornings. So that the children gladly learn the Holy Scripture, they are not to sing more than fifteen minutes in the church on weekdays.
Holy days: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (3 days each), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation and St. Michael.
Pommern 1535 (Wittenberg, 1535) s [3/5/95] - official - cloister
Bugenhagen, Johann. Pia et vere catholica et consentiens veteri ecclesiae ordinatio caeremoniarum in ecclesiis Pomeraniae. Sehling (4:306): Included in the Danish KOs of 1537 and 1562, and from there in the Schleswig-Holstein KO of 1542 (in Low German). Also appended to the Braunschweig KO of 1543. REPRINT: Sehling 4:344–53.
Notes from Sehling. Seems to be a KO for religious orders.
Matins: the Apostles' Creed or Lord's Prayer is said. Then antiphon, three psalms, antiphon. Then three lessons with responsories d.t. to the "quemadmodum" tone (to which the prophets are read), ending "sol, sol, sol, la, sol, fa, fa." After the third responsory with the Gloria Patri the Te Deum is sung. Then the cantor begins an antiphon, according to the tone of the psalms: Sunday - Benedicite omnia; Monday - Confitebor tibi, domine, quoniam iratus; Tuesday - Ego dixi; Wednesday - Exultavit; Thursday - Cantemus; Friday - Domine, audivi; Saturday - Audite coeli. After this the complete antiphon or antiphon with benedictus dominus. Then the Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison; Our Father; Not to us ("Et ne nos"); "Ostende nobis, domine, misericordiam tuam. Et salutare tuum da nobis. Dominus vobiscum." Then a collect d.t. or another. After the "Amen" is sung the Benedicamus.
Prime: Neither the "Deus in adiutorium" nor the "Domine labia mea" (as in Matins) is said, but rather "Iam lucis orto." Then the antiphon with the psalm "Beati immaculati." After the concluding antiphon a brief lesson in the second tone is read, as in Matins. The reading is picked up where it was left off in Matins, then continued in Terce, Sext and None. After the lesson is a collect and "Amen." On Sundays the Athanasian Creed is sung with the psalms.
Terce: The hymn "Nunc sancte" is sung. Then an antiphon with three psalms. Then a lesson and a collect, as in Prime. Sext: The hymn "Rector potens" is sung, followed by an antiphon, three psalms, lesson and collect, as above.
None: The hymn "Rerum deus" is sung, followed by an antiphon with three psalms, lesson and collect, as above.
Vespers: The cantor begins an antiphon in the second tone with three psalms from those whose first is "Dixit dominus" and following to the end of the psalter. After the antiphon a lesson in the same mode from the Old or New Testament [is read]. Then a hymn ferialis or d.f. or another hymn (beware of hymns that invoke the merits of the saints). Then an antiphon with Magnificat, then Kyrie eleison, etc., as in Matins. After the Benedicamus the psalm "Qui habitat," with the Nunc Dimittis, is read quietly without singing, but nevertheless distinctly; and after the Gloria Patri the Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison, Pater noster. Then follows in the same way "In manus tuas, domine Jesu, comendamus spiritus nostros; redemisti nos, domine, deus veritatis."
Concerning the vigil: vigils for the dead are not sung.
Mass: It is sufficient to celebrate the Lord's Supper on all Sundays and festivals. [Footnote: in the Danish order of 1537 Bugenhagen adds the order of service before the communion: the Priest begins "Gloria in excelsis deo," the choir responding "Et in terra pax, hominibus bona voluntas," at which point they stop and the people sing "Alleeniste gud y himmerick," continuing to the end without organ. Then the choir and organ continue, singing "Laudamus, benedicimus, etc." to the end. [So the German/Danish "Allein Gott" is sung in the middle of the Latin Gloria!] After the Halleluja or Sequence the entire church sings a Danish hymn, necessarily without organ. This way the Latin singing is in no way hindered. If this is not allowed the laity, I ask how will they have a view? ("Post halleluja loco sequentiae rursum canat tota ecclesia canticum danicum aliquod, continue sine organis. Hoc modo nihil impedietur cantus latinus. Hoc autem non velle laicis permittere, quam quaeso speciem haberet?") After the Creed is ended the entire church sings "Wy troor alle paa en gud etc." without organ.]
Bugenhagen equates the prayer of the church with the canon: "Post verbum dei admoneantur, ut orent pro omnibus omnium hominum conditionibus, pro ecclesia, pro pace, salute etc. Hic est noster canon. Papistae autem haec seria cum suis mendaciis simul congresserunt in ullum occultum missae canonem." (p. 352, first full paragraph)
After the public prayer another psalm is sung in German. After this, if there are no communicants, Sext and None are held. Otherwise the Preface, Sanctus, Lord's Prayer, Words of Institution, final collect and Benediction in German. The Lord's Prayer is without the final doxology. During communion the Agnus Dei in Latin or German or the hymn "Pange lingua" in Latin or German is sung. The collect after communion is the usual "Wi danken di." The Benediction is the usual Aaronic Benediction. Then follow Sext and None.
Pommern 1542 ([N.p.], 1542) s [8/14/93, 3/5/95] - official
Karcken Ordening Wo sick die Parner unnd Selensorger inn vorreikinge der Sacrament und ouinge der Cerimonien holden, scholen im Land to Pammern. The copy used for the bibliography is heavily trimmed, and the conclusion of the index is missing. Berlin cat.: copy is heavily trimmed; conclusion of the Register is missing.
[Within a compartment depicting biblical figures, (size uncertain because of cropping)] Karcken Or= | dening/ | Wo ôick die P\ar | ner vnnd Selenôorger | inn vorreikinge der Sacrament | vnd ouinge der Cerimonien | holden ôcholen im | Land to Pam | mern. | {M. D. XLII.} || [Colophon:] [Colophon missing.]
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%Fingerprint: 1542 04 - b1 A2 $an$de : b2 R3 ten/$J %Preface: none %Music: Latin and German Prefaces (L3^a–P4^a), Our Father #1 (Q1^a–Q2^a), Verba #1 (Q2^a–Q3^a), `Christe, du lam Gades" (Q3^b), German Benedictus, Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis (Q4^a–R2^a) f. A2^a - "Des Sonnauendes esst am Fest auende. SChal me to gewonlicker tidt na Middage Vesper holden, Nomliken, anheuen to lüden, wenn idt halwege dre is, vnnd vmb dre tidt, anheuen de Vesper, na solcker wise. Erstlick heuen die Jungen eine Antiphona an, vth dem Psalter, vp die Psalmen gestellet, alse, Benedictus in eternum, Deo nostro, &c. (This quotation provided for comparison with other editions.)
Notes from Sehling.
Saturdays and festival eves: Vespers rung at 2:30, begun at 3:00. The boys sing an antiphon and one, two or three psalms, then a pure responsory and hymn. Then a boy reads a half chapter from the New Testament. Then two boys recite a section from the catechism to the people in question and answer format. Then the boys sing an antiphon d.t. or d.f. and the Magnificat, then the Capellan reads a Collect, then the Benedicamus and Da pacem in Latin (and the German "Vorlene uns frede"). On Sundays in Advent and Lent and whenever else desired the Litany is sung in Latin after the Magnificat and before the Collect. Then confession.
Sundays: The early sermon begins at 5:00, then afterwards the scholars sing Matins; that is, 1–3 psalms with antiphon for the Sunday, then a Latin lesson by two boys from the Old Testament, then a responsory, then is read in German in front of the Chor what was previously read in the Chor in Latin, then the Te Deum in Latin (to which the organist plays the responsory if there is an organ), then the Collect and Benedicamus. Then a break is taken, during which the laity, particularly the menial labor, sing several German psalms, first the Vater Unser, Jam lucis, the Ten Commandments, then a lesson is read in German from the Bible or from Jesus Sirach, then the Te Deum in German according to Luther, then the Benedictus in German to Tone 7 (or another good psalm).
At 7:30 the scholars come again to the Chor and sing the Introit in Latin, the German psalm "Erbarm di miner" to the melody in the printed hymnal or the psalm "O here godt begnade mi." Then the Kyrie for the Sunday ("...efft me mach ock up die sondage, kyrie angelicum, de martiribus, effte confessoribus, efft virginibus, wo man sie genomet hefft singen, dominicale im advent und in der vasten, dat paschale tuschen pingsten und paschen, dat summum up die hohern fest, effte dat minus summum."). Then the Priester sings the Gloria in excelsis, and the choir sings the Et in terra, and when that is done the laity sing "Allein godt." If this is too long, either the Latin or the German may be omitted. In Lent the entire Gloria is omitted, and at other times it may be omitted if desired. Then the Collect, Epistle in German (toward the people), Sequence or Tract, and it would also be good if the boys sang the Alleluia followed by a Sequence or a German psalm according to season (list given). Then the Gospel in the same tone as the Epistle. Then the Credo and Latin Patrem, then the Glaube ("loven") in German, or simply the German Glaube [without the Latin Creed]. Then the sermon on the Gospel. Then the exhortation to common prayer and exhortation to the sacrament. Then the Priester sings "flux, effte late" the Vater Unser and Verba. On Christmas, Easter and Pentecost "Frolick wille wi alleluia singen" or another hymn of praise is sung. When desired, and especially on festivals, the Preface may be sung in Latin or German, then the Sanctus, a brief exhortation, the Vader unse and the Verba. Then "Jesus Christus unse heiland" or "Esaia dem propheten" is sung. Then "Godt die sie gelavet und gebenediet." Psalm 111 ("Ick danke dem hern van ganzem herten") may also be sung, according to the number of communicants. During the singing the people commune. Afterwards a collect is read, followed by the Benediction.
Vespers: as on Saturday, after which is a half-hour sermon, but there is no catechism. Then the antiphon "Dixit dominus" and 1–3 psalms, then a responsory, hymn, antiphon from the Sunday, Magnificat or German Magnificat, closing with the Benedicamus and optionally with the German Nunc dimittis as well.
Weekdays: where there are schools, the scholars sing a quarter hour before school; in particular, a psalm or two with an antiphon; a half chapter is read in two Latin lessons, with a boy reading in German to the people what was read in Latin in the Chor, then an antiphon, Benedictus, Benedicamus domino. When there is a sermon the Quicunque vult is sung once during the week. The vicars ("vicarii") always sing with the scholars whenever available. After the sermon the people sing one or more German psalms, and at times the Litany before or after the sermon.
Weekday Vespers is held after school, opening with a psalm, then a half chapter from the New Testament in two lessons, with a translation in German, as before, then the hymn d.t., Magnificat with antiphon (once or twice a week the German Magnificat with a German antiphon), closing with the Benedicamus or German Nunc Dimittis. When there are no communicants on a Sunday or festival the Introit and Kyrie are sung, then the Epistle and Gospel as above, and after the sermon the responsory "Tua est potentia" or another is sung after a German psalm, closing with the Collect and Benediction, and the Litany is read. (Why is this last sentence here and not with the communion order?)
Saturday Vespers in the villages: Where there is a Parner, he goes to the church and sings a psalm with antiphon with the Koster. Then a hymn ("O lux beata trinitas"), then an antiphon and the Magnificat, closing with the Collect and Benedicamus. If there are people present a German psalm is sung, then there is confession for those going to communion the next day. If there are many people a common confession may be used, although it is preferable to hear each one individually.
Sundays in the villages: confession is held at the second bell. At the third bell a German psalm is sung, "Erbarm di miner o here godt" (or during Christmas "Christum wi scholen laven schon" and in Easter "Jesus Christus unser Heiland, de van uns"). On such feasts the Parner may sing a Latin Introit. The Kyrie dominicale follows (threefold) or the Kyrie for the feast. Then Allein godt, then Collect, Epistle, German psalm. If the Parner wants the service shorter: first a psalm in place of the Introit ("Erbarm di miner"), then Collect, Epistle, German psalm, Gospel. Then the sermon, then the common prayer, preaching a half hour from the Gospel and a half hour from the catechism. After the Parner has prayed the Vader unse, Glaube and Ten Commandments, he reads the exhortation to the sacrament and sings the Vader unse and the Verba in German, closing with the Collect and Blessing.
In the afternoon is a catechism service. The Litany is prayed at least once during the week. If there are no communicants a German psalm is sung, then the Collect and Epistle, then another psalm, then the Gospel, Glaube, sermon, exhortation to common prayer, Litany, Collect, Blessing. If Vespers is held, the people sing 1–2 German psalms, then a German lesson is read, the German Magnificat is sung, then a Collect and the Benedicamus.
Pommern 1563 (Wittenberg, 1553 [i.e., 1563]) s- [9/16/93]
Kercken ordening im lande tho Pomern, dorch Barnim vnd Philipsen, beide Hertogen tho Stettin Pomern & up dem Landage tho Treptaw a. 1535 geschlaten: vnd jtzo dorch Barnim d. Old., Johan Frederichen, Bugslassen, & verniet u. vermehret. A. 1553 [{sic}]. Title from the Berlin catalog; the date on the title page of the Urbana copy is 1563.
In folio. The text is the same as in the other edition printed the same year (no agenda), except for a few spelling changes.
Pommern 1563 (Wittenberg, 1553 [i.e., 1563]) s- [9/16/93]
Kercken ordening im lande tho Pomern, dorch Barnim vnd Philipsen, beide Hertogen tho Stettin Pomern & up dem Landage tho Treptaw a. 1535 geschlaten: vnd jtzo dorch Barnim d. Old., Johan Frederichen, Bugslassen, & verniet u. vermehret. A. 1553 [{sic}]. Title from the Berlin catalog; the date on the title page of the Urbana copy is `M. D. LXIII."
A list of services is given in connection with the directions on preaching, but there is no agenda.
Pommern 1569 ([N.p.], 1569) s [8/14/93] - official
Agenda vor de Kercken in Pamern. Cited in Graff 1:27. Graff: This and the KO depend on the 1535 KO; the following were also used: KO Herz. Heinrichs 1539, Veit Dietrichs Agendbüchlein, die Kölner Reformation, the KO's of Schwäbisch-Hall, Ottheinrich, Zweibrücken, Lüneburg, Mansfelder Agende, et al.
A\genda | Dat is/ | O\rdninge der hilligen | Kerckenempter vnde Ceremonien/ wo ôick | de Parrherren/ Seelôorgere vnde Kercken= | denere in ##erem Ampte hol= | den ôchölen/ | Geôtellet vor de Kercken in Pamern/ vp be= | u##el der Dorchlüchtigen/ hochgebarnen Förôten vnde | Herren/ Herrn Barnim des öldern/ Herrn JohannFrideri= | chen/ Herrn Bugslaffen/ Herrn ErnôtLudwigen/ Herrn Bar= | nim des yüngern/ vnde Herrn Caôimiren/ Geueddern vnde Ge= | bröder/ Hertogen tho Stettin Pamern/ der Caôôuben vn= | de Wenden/ Förôten tho Rügen/ vnde Gra= | uen tho Gutzkow/ etc. | {®Anno M. D. LXVIII.¯} | S. Paul. 1. Corinth: xiiij. | HOldet alle ding ehrlick vnde ordentlick in der Gemeine. | Epheô. iiij. | WEôer vlitich tho holdende de einicheit im Geiôte/ dorch den | bandt des Fr##edes. | {®ANNO M. D. LXIX.¯}
%Size: 140 @ 91 mm. (#+3^a) %Collation: 4º in 8s: #+^8, A–3N^8; $1–5 signed (–#+1–2) %Pagination: 480 leaves: ff. [{8}] 1–463 [{9}] (misnumbering 119 as 116, 336 as 339, 370 as 378, 376 as 384, 387 as 386, 388 as 368, 389 as 388, 390 as 370, 406 as 409)
%Fingerprint: 1569 04 - a1 #+3 al$vp : a2 #+5 vnd - b2 A n$ : b2 3N2 nen$Gr %Preface: `VAN Gades gnaden, Wi Barnim de older, Johann Fridrich, Bugslaff, ErnstLudwig, Barnim de yünger, vnde Casimir, Geueddern vnde Bröder, tho Stettin Pamern, der Cassuben vnde Wenden Hertogen, Försten tho Rügen, vnde Grauen tho Gutzkow etc." ... `Datum tho olden Stettin, am Sonauende na Egidij, Anno M. D. LXVIII." %Music: Latin Litany (2K4^b–2L7^a), German Litany (2M1^b–2M8^a), Latin and German Gloria incipits (2P5^b–2P7^b), Epistle and Gospel tones, with examples (2P8^a–2Q2^a), Latin Credo (2Q2^b–2Q5^b), German Creed (2Q6^a–2R1^b), Latin and German Tracts (2R2^a–2R7^b), Latin and German Prefaces and Sanctus settings (2S5^a–2Y1^a), Our Father #1 (2Z6^a–2Z7^a), Verba #1 (2Z7^b–3A1^a), `Christe du Lam Gades" (3A1^b), `JCk dancke dem HERREN van gantzem Herten" (3A2^a–3A5^a), `O sacrum conuiuium" (3A5^a–3A7^a), `Discubuit lesus" (3A7^b–3B1^b), `KVm hillige Geist, HERRE Godt" (3B4^a–3B5^a), German Magnificat, Nunc dimittis, Benedictus and Te Deum (3B5^a–3C6^a), German Kyrie and Gloria settings (3C6^b–3D3^a), `DAnckseggen wi alle" (3D3^b–3D4^a), `DOmine Rex Deus Abraham" (3D4^a–3D5^a), Lesson tone for funerals (3D5^b–3D6^b), `HEbbe wi dat gudt entfangen" (3D6^b–3D7^b), Latin and German office hymns (3D8^a–3E5^b), Tone for Athanasian Creed (3M5^a–3M5^b)
Saturdays and holy day eves: "Veni sancte spiritus" is sung flexis genibus (f. 63^b) or something else d.t. is sung: Veni Domine uilitare nos in pace (Advent), Puer natus in Bethlehem, In dulci lubilo [{sic}], Nunc Angelorum gloria (Christmas), Surrexit Christus hodie (Easter), Spiritus sancti gratia, Veni maxime Spiritus (Pentecost). Then two boys begin an antiphon, with the psalm for the festival or Sunday, two or three psalms sung in all, starting with "Dixit Dominus" to the end of the Psalter, and beginning again, so that the psalms become familiar to the boys. (f. 64^a) On the eve of a festival, the antiphon of the festival is sung with the Laudate, either by all or by several, as desired. Then the boys read one or two lessons from the Old or New Testament or the catechism with the summary. They are to be read clearly and distinctly "vsitato Tono"; the psalms and other songs are not to be said only in a pro forma manner, so that they cannot be understood. Then the responsory with the hymn d.t. or d.f.; at high festivals two responsories may be sung, the latter with the Gloria. (f. 64^b) Then a boy reads the same lesson in German that was previously read in Latin. Then the versicle with the antiphon from the Sunday or festival, with the Magnificat. "ALle Maente" (every month?) the German Magnificat is sung once in place of the Magnificat, with its antiphon Christum vnsen Heiland; and once [a month] the Latin Litany is sung in place of the Magnificat. Then the Prester reads a collect in German or Latin, and the choir closes with the Benedicamus, then sings the Da pacem Domine, flexis genibus in Latin or German. (f. 65^a) Where there are organs "schal de Organiste na der Psalmodia vp der Orgel syn, vnde slan thom Responsorio, Hymno vnde Magnificat" (he should be at the organ after the psalmody and play for the responsory, hymn and Magnificat). If the school is nearby, the scholars then leave the church and go to the school (in the summer) "& Š contra" singing the Introit. The pastors should arrange with the schoolpersons that the psalmody is occasionally sung in German for the sake of the congregation and children; the canticle of Moses and others from the Old Testament may also be sung to the usual tones, without antiphon ("ane Antiphen"). German hymns and unfamiliar psalms may also be sung occasionally so that the children and people may learn them. (f. 65^b) After the Vespers is the confession.
Vespers in the villages: the Cöster rings in the afternoon. The Pastor and Cöster sing Vespers in Latin or German, according to the ability of the Cöster. The German Vespers is found in the usual psalmbooks, and for psalms the Parrherr can take them from the Psalter and sing them to the tones without antiphons. Then the Hymnus in Latin or German d.t. or d.f. or a German psalm in its place. (f. 66^a) Then the Cöster reads a Capittel from the Bible in German with the summary of Viti. Then the Magnificat or Nunc dimittis is sung in Latin or German. Then the Pastor reads a collect, closing with the Benedicamus and Da pacem Vorlene vns frede. (f. 66^b) Then confession. (f. 67^b)
Matins on Sundays and festivals in cities and where there are schools: "Veni sancte" is sung, then the boys sing the psalmody with the antiphon (two or three psalms, depending on length, beginning with Beatus vir and continuing through Dixit Dominus) (f. 68^a) On high feasts the choir arrives earlier and sings the Invitatory with the Venite, then three antiphons d.f. with their psalms. Then the lessons, two on Sundays, one in Latin with responsory: "NA den Psalmen volgen de Lectiones in hogen Festen, twe an Sondagen, eine Latinisch, mit so velen Responsorijs, dar vnder dat leste, mit dem Gloria." Then the German lesson, then the Te Deum, in Latin on festivals, alternating Latin and German on other Sundays. (f. 68^b) Then the Capellan reads a collect, and the Chor sings Benedicamus Domino, Dominicale uel de tempore. The organist shall be at the organ after the psalmody, and the pastor shall ensure that the ceremony is not sung with haste and without devotion. After Matins is the Frühpredigt with catechism (or whatever is done in a given city). (f. 69^a) If there is no sermon after Matins, a chapter from the Bible with the summary Viti is read before the Officio. In this case, Matins may be attached to the Mass.
Matins in the villages: the ceremonies should be retained wherever possible. The Cöster rings the service, and the Pastor and Cöster sing a psalm in German "cum Tono." Then the Cöster reads a Capittel with the summary and sings the Te Deum in German with the summary. (f. 69^b) Then confession for anyone not present the night before who desires communion.
Order of Mass or Communion: the Prester says his confession at the altar after vesting, either with the psalm "Misere mei Deus" or with the following confession (not copied) (f. 70^a). The choir sings the Introit or "Kum hillige Geist HERRE Godt. Erbarme di miner. O HERRE Godt begnade mi etc." or another German psalm. Then the Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra in Latin or in German as "Allene Godt in der Högede si Ehre." (f. 71^a) Then "De HERRE si mit yuw," the choir answering "Vnde mit dinem Geiste." Then the collect in German, then the Prester reads the Epistle to the "usitato Tono." Then the choir sings the Sequence d.t. or d.f. or the Tract, or at times an Alleluia with the Gradual, or on Sundays a German psalm related to the Gospel. On the Sundays after Trinity the Sequence for Trinity is sung "alle Maente" (every month?). On Sundays before apostles' days, Beheading of John, Mary Magdalene, Conversion of Paul and martyr's days the sequence for those days is sung, "vp dat de olden herliken Gesenge de Apostolis, Euangelistis &c. nicht gentzlick vorlaren werden." (f. 71^b) For this purpose the cantionale of Lossius is to be bought by all churches. Before the Sequence the Da pacem may occasionally be sung: the boys sing Da pacem &c. three times in Latin or German while kneeling before the altar, then the choir sings "Quia non est alius" in Latin or German, then the Tract "Domine non secundum peccata" with the following verses, or in German as "Vorlene vns frede. Nim van vns HERRE" or "Erholt vns HERRE. Jtem, Giff vnsen Försten, vnde aller Auericheit." Then the Prester turns to the people and sings "De HERRE si mit yuw," the choir answering "Vnde mit dinem Geiste." Then the Prester sings the Gospel: "Dit hillige Euangelium beschrifft Sanct N. im N. Capittel," the choir answering (f. 72^a) "Ehre si di HERRE." Then the Gospel is read before the altar, "cum usitato Tono." Then the Nicene Creed in German or Latin, or "Wir gelöuen." Then the sermon on the Gospel. First is the exhortation to prayer (see the form in the Huspostille). On high feasts before the prayer is sung the German hymn for the feast (they are named). (f. 72^b) And because many people leave the church during the reading of the Gospel, the Prediger should admonish the people that this is not proper, especially the church and school persons. After the sermon is the common prayer. The Prediger should at times exhort the people to remain for communion. When the Prediger leaves the pulpit a German psalm is sung. (f. 73^a)
On festivals, if time permits, the Preface is sung in German or Latin. Then the choir sings the Sanctus in Latin or German (see Agenda), with the boys intoning it alone and the choir answering. Then the exhortation to the communicants (see agenda): this should not be lightly omitted, but rather the hymn should be shortened or omitted if necessary. Then the Vater Unser and Verba (sung as in the agenda). (f. 73^b) The Elevation is omitted. (f. 74^a) During the communion is sung "Jesus Christus unser Heiland," "Godt si gelauet," "O Lam Gades unschüldich," "Christe du Lam Gades," "Jck dancke dem HERREN van gantzem herten" (see hymnal), also "Discubuit lesus," the Latin Agnus Dei (Choral) or "O sacrum conuiuium." When these songs are sung the organist shall make his playing shorter and not play worldly, frivolous music. Performance practice of the communion hymns: sung in alternation between choir and congregation; the organist may play once at the beginning, once in the middle and once at the end before the collect — "DE Pastor schal vorschaffen, dat de Orgeln der maten modereret werden, dat men de Düdischen Psalme vnder der Communion mit der Gemeine gantz thom ende singe, Vnde dat de vörgesetteden Gesenge vmmeschichtich gesungen werden, Dat dat Chor, vnde dat Volck einen Vers vmme den andern singe, vp dat se alle tho gelick, den Schölern vnde der Gemeine gebrücklick werden, Derwegen kan [f. 75^a] de Organiste ein mal thom anfange, ein mal im middel, na gelegenheit, ein mal thom ende, vor der Collecta, orgelen." (f. 74^b–75^a)
After communion the Prester sings "DE HERRE si mit yuw," the choir answering "Vnde mit dinem Geiste." Then the Prester reads the Collect (see agenda), then the Benediction (see agenda). Then is sung "Si loff vnde Ehre" or "Erholdt vns HERRE," "Vorlene vns frede," "O Godt wi dancken diner Güde" and the like. (f. 75^a)
When there are no communicants, the Prester speaks his confession, then the "Introitum, Latyn edder Düdisch, Kyrie, Allene Godt, Collecte, Epistel, Psalm, Euangelion, Patrem, Wi gelöuen, de Predige mit dem Gebede," all as before. After the sermon the Litany or several psalms are sung, then the Collect and Benediction, as above. (f. 75^b)
Midday sermon on Sundays and festivals in large cities: a German psalm is sung with the people by the Schola or Cöster; the sermon is on the catechism or from the Scripture.
Vespers in cities on Sundays and festivals: as on Saturday, with antiphons, psalms, lessons, responsories, hymn, versicle, Magnificat, collect, benedicamus, with a German psalm before the sermon, so that the people may sing along as well. (f. 76) "Alle Maente" and on the third day of high feasts the psalmody and hymns are done entirely in German to the tone of the German Magnificat or Nunc dimittis or Te Deum. Then the sermon on the Epistle (or whatever the Superintendent decides). After the common prayer, "Mine Seele erheuet den HERREN, HERRE nu lestu dinen Dener" is sung (see agenda), or another psalm related to the sermon. (f. 76^b) Performance practice note: "WEnn men Düdische Psalme singet, schal allewege de Gemeine, mit dem Chor, einen Vers vmme den andern singen, Vnde schal de Cöster mit etliken Knaben dem Volcke helpen." Figural music should be moderated so that on ordinary Sundays the office is chanted once a month and sung entirely in German once a month.
Order of the Mass or Communion in the villages: if the Pastor and Cöster cannot sing Matins as above, they shall at least sing the German Te Deum with a collect in place of the Introit. (f. 77^a) If there are communicants wishing to be absolved, he reads an exhortation to the penitents and hears and absolves them. Then he vests and goes to the altar to speak his confession. (If there are no communicants the same order holds through the Gospel.) For the Introit is sung "Erbarm di miner o HERRE Godt," "O HERRE Godt begnade mi" or another German psalm. Then the Kyrie in German, "Ehre si Gade in der Höge," "Allene Godt in der höge si ehre," the collect, Epistle, psalm, Gospel, "Wi gelöuen." Before the Wi gelöuen the Cöster reads a section of the catechism with the explanation to the people. Then the sermon with common prayer. (f. 77^b) Then the Pastor reads the entire catechism or a form of confession (alternating Sundays). Then he begins a psalm, or on festivals he sings the Preface with the German Sanctus. Then he reads the exhortation to the communicants, then sings the Vader vnse and Verba, then the communion, as above. If there are no communicants, after the sermon the Litany or Vater Unser is sung with the exhortation to the sacrament, collect and Benediction, as above. A good pastor will use what he is able from the order for the cities. (f. 78^a)
Vespers on Sundays and festivals in the villages: the people sing a German psalm and the section of the catechism from the hymnal that the pastor will preach on. Then the Cöster reads a Capittel from the Bible with the summary, then the German Magnificat, Collect and Benedicamus. Then the sermon on the catechism, about a half hour. Then the catechism examination. Then is sung "HERRE nu lestu dinen Dener" or "Vorlene vns frede gnedichlick." (f. 78^b)
Weekdays in the cities: sermons held on Wednesdays and Fridays at 6:00 or 7:00 in the morning, lasting about a half hour. In large cities a sermon can be held every day. The Scholgesellen come with the children into the chancel and sing "Veni Sancte," an antiphon, a psalm, a Latin lesson, Benedictus with the antiphon. After the Benedictus or Te Deum the German lesson is read, ending with a German psalm. Where there are organs, the organist may play the Benedictus ("kan de Orgeniste dat Benedictus orgeln"). (f. 79^a) Then the sermon. The Litany is sung once a week either before or after the sermon. On the other day a German psalm is sung with the German Benedictus, and there are two lessons, one in Latin and one in German. (f. 79^b) Apostles' days, also Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene, Laurentius, Beheading of John, All Saints, Martini, etc. are announced the previous Sunday. Once a week or month the Athanasian Creed is to be sung in Latin or German. The Litany is sung with a collect every week on Sundays and weekdays. (f. 80^a) This may not be omitted, although it may be shortened with the permission of the superintendent.
Vespers on weekdays where there are schools: the scholars sing an antiphon with a psalm (whole or half). Then a Latin lesson from the New Testament with the hymno feriali. Then the German lesson with the summary Viti, the Magnificat or Nunc dimittis, the Collect, Benedicamus, Da pacem, as in Matins when there is no sermon. Because these ceremonies have not been observed in many cities, the superintendent shall ensure that they are henceforth performed. (f. 80^b)
Weekday sermons in the villages: a sermon with Litany is held every Friday. The Pastor sings a German psalm with the Cöster, then preaches a half hour on the catechism or something else, then the Litany with the collect, and "Vorlene vns Frede." There is also a catechism sermon on Sunday afternoon (f. 81^a), which also closes with "Vorlene vns frede." (f. 81^b)
Festivals: Christmas (3 days), Easter (3 days), Pentecost (3 days), all full days. Also Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis (all full-day observances). Half-day festivals: Conversion of Paul, Matthias, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, Mary Magdalene, James, Laurentius, Bartholomew, Beheading of John, Matthew, Simon and Jude, All Saints, St. Martin (the Reformation is observed on this day; i.e., observed as a day for Martin Luther), Andrew, Thomas, Holy Innocents. Corpus Christi, the Nativity of John the Baptist, the Assumption and the Nativity of Mary are not observed. The Cantionale of Lucas Lossius is used. In villages where the Pastor and Cöster can sing in Latin that may be done for Vespers and Matins when there are few or no people in the church. (f. 422^b–249^a)
The musical section is quite complete.
Pommern 1569 (Wittenberg, 1563 [i.e., 1569]) s- [8/9/94]
Kercken ordening im lande tho Pomern, dorch Barnim vnd Philipsen, beide Hertogen tho Stettin Pomern & up dem Landage tho Treptaw a. 1535 geschlaten: vnd jtzo dorch Barnim d. Old., Johan Frederichen, Bugslassen, & verniet u. vermehret.
No agenda.
Pommern 1591 (Alten Stettin, 1591) r [8/14/93]
Kercken Ordeninge im Lande tho Pamern... Agenda vor de Kercken... 1568. Cited in Graff 1:27. Graff: same comment as for 1569 ed.
Pommern 1661 (Alten Stettin, 1661) r [8/14/93] - (note)
Kercken Ordeninge im Lande tho Pamern... Agenda vor de Kercken... 1568.
A reprint of the 1591 order, which is itself apparently a reprint of the 1563–68 order (which may even be a reprint of the 1535 order, if I could see it!). The agenda was apparently not reprinted this time.
Pommern 1690 (Alten Stettin, 1690) r [8/14/93]
Kercken Ordeninge im Lande tho Pamern... Agenda vor de Kercken... 1568. Cited in Graff 1:27. Graff: brought out by the Swedish government.
A reprint of the 1661 order, with the text in Low German and High German in parallel columns. The agenda of 1691 is bound with the order.
Pommern 1691 (Alten Stettin, 1691) r [8/14/93]
Agenda, Das ist, Ordnung der heiligen Kirchen-Aempter und Ceremonien... für die Kirchen in Pommern... Agenda, Dat is Ordninge der hilligen Kerckenempter unde Ceremonien... vor de Kercken in Pamern.
As far as I can tell without having the earlier volume in front of me, this is a reprint of the 1568 agenda (which I have just seen): it certainly contains all the same music. The text is in Low German and High German in parallel columns.
Pommern 1702 (Greifswald, 1702) s- [8/14/93]
Mayer, Johann Friedrich. Die von... Joh. Friderich Mayer neu-verbesserte Kirchen-Ordnung, wonach sich die Herrn Prediger im Hertzogthumb Pommern hinführo zu verhalten... Cited in Graff 1:27. Graff: for Swedish Pommern; is not a new KO, but a supplement of 15 pages with additions and suggestions for improvement.
Nothing about the service, although there is the complaint that many villages have no schools, "und die Jugend wie das wilde Vieh erzogen wird...."
Pommern 1718 (Greifswald, 1718) s- [9/16/93]
Flottmann, Baltzer Johan. Neu zugerichtetes Kirchen-Buch, oder Kurtzer Auszug der Pommerschen Kirchen-Agende.
Has texts for the various orders, but no agenda.
Pommern 1731 (Stralsund und Greifswald, 1731) r [8/14/93]
Kirchen-Ordnung im Lande zu Pommern, durch die... Herren Hn. Barnim und Hn. Philippen... Hertzogen zu Stettin... 1535 geschlossen... erneuert... 1690. Injetzo aber... aufs neue zum Druck befördert... Nebst: 1. Kirchen-Agenda... Cited in Graff 1:27. The agenda is bound with the order: both are reprinted. Graff incorrectly gives the date as 1732.
A reprint of the 1690–91 edition (which itself is a reprint), in the same format with parallel columns in Low German and High German, but without maintaining the page layout.
Preuáen 1525 (Königsberg: Hans Weinreich, 1526) s [8/7/94] - official
Artikel der ceremonien und anderer kirchen ordnung. Issued December 10, 1525. REPRINT: Richter 1:28–35, Sehling 4:30–38.
Notes from Sehling.
Directs that the various parts of the mass remain in Latin, since the German words do not fit well with the music and because these territories have many non-Germans.
Matins: opens with "Domine labia mea" in Latin or German, then Venite and antiphon, then the other two or three psalms, then Caplan or Pfarrer reads a half or whole chapter to the people in German, reading and not singing, then a responsory is sung from Scripture, then the Priester sings the versicle "Erzeige uns herr dein barmherzigkeit" with the choir answering, closing with a German collect d.t. and the usual Benediction. German hymns are to be introduced where they are not yet known.
Vespers: opens with "Deus in adiutorium" in German or Latin with the Gloria Patri, then one, two or three psalms in the usual tone, then a half or whole chapter, then the Magnificat is sung in German, then the usual versicle and collect (as in Matins), then the Benediction. (p. 31)
On Sundays and festivals a common Christian confession is said by the people at the end of the sermon. The Vater Unser, Glaube and Ten Commandments are said at the sermon where the most young people are present.
Mass: a Latin Introit is sung if scriptural where it is been maintained, or a German psalm is sung in places where it has been introduced, then the Kyrie (preferably in three languages: Greek, Latin and German, total three times [whatever is the Latin Kyrie?]), then the Gloria and Et in terra in German or Latin, then the Collect in German "mit gewöhnlichem accent," then the Epistle (a half or whole chapter from the New Testament), on Sundays and festivals read from the pulpit ("Predigtstuhl") and on weekdays from in front of the altar; if the church is small or if there are few people it is not necessary to go to the pulpit to read. Then the Halleluja with the melody rhymed according to the German psalm, except that on festivals a special setting may be used. Then the Priester reads a whole or half chapter of the Gospel (lectio cont.). Then the Credo, which is not intoned by the Priester as before, but rather is sung in German by the choir and the people. Then the Preface, sung by the Priester in German with the consecration (omitting the offertory, secret and canons minor and major), then the bells ("schellen") are rung and the Priester elevates the elements. When the Preface with the evanglical Benediction is done, the Choir sings the Sanctus in German or Latin "mit wenig noten"; then the Priester faces the people and bids the Vater Unser, then he turns to the altar and sings the Vater Unser in German according to the old melody, the choir answering beginning with "sed libera." Then the choir sings the Agnus Dei ("mit wenig noten") in German or Latin twice, the first time with the "miserere nobis" and the second with the "dona nobis pacem." Then the Priester turns to the people and gives the evangelical absolution or the peace and sings the German Pax Domini with the choir answering. Then the Priester gives a brief exhortation to the communicants. Then the distribution. (p. 32) During this the people sing with the choir the German hymn "Jesus Christus unser heilant" and after the communion "Got sei gelobet." The Priester closes with a German collect and the usual blessing or Benediction, as in Matins.
On Sundays and festivals a whole mass is held. On weekdays where there are no communicants, the mass is sung up to the Preface, which is omitted along with the consecration, then the Vater Unser is sung, then the Peace, then the blessing. (p. 33)
Holy days: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days). The days of the apostles and John the Baptist are announced on the preceding Sunday, although they are not holidays. (p. 35)
Preuáen 1558 (Königsberg, 1558) s [8/13/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung Wie es im Hertzogthumb Preussen, beydes mit Lehr und Ceremonien, sampt andern, so zur Fürderung und Erhaltung des Predigampts, Christlicher Zucht, und guter Ordnung, von nöten, gehalten wird. Anderweit ubersehen, gemehret, und Publicieret. A. Chr. 1558 — Der ander Theil dieser Kirchenordnung. Von den Ceremonien, und Kirchengebreuchen. Cited in Graff 1:25. Graff: see Preuáen 1568.
K\irchen | Ordnung | W\ie es im H\ertz\\ogthumb | Preuôôen/ beydes mit Lehr vnd Ceremonien/ | ôampt andern/ so zu Fürderung vnd Erhaltung des Predig= | ampts/ Chriôtlicher Zucht/ vnd guter Ordnung/ | von nöten/ gehalten wird. | Anderweit vberôehen/ gemehret/ vnd | {Publicieret.} | {ANNO CHRISTI} | {M. D. LVIII} | {25. Nouembris.} || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu K\önigsperg\ | in Preuôôen/ bey J\ohann Daubman. | 1..
%Size: 193 @ 125 mm. (*2^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s: *^8(–*7), A–K^6, a–i^6 k^6(–k6); $1–4 signed (–*1 a1 +*5) %Pagination: 127 leaves: ff. [{8}] 1–48 48–58 [#=59] [{2}] 1–58
%Fingerprint: 1558 02 - a1 *2 illich : a2 *5 Chriô - 1b1 A di : 1b2 K4 aters. - 2b1 a2 ffen$ : 2b2 k4 hrlich$ %Preface: `VON Gottes Gnaden Wir Albrecht der Elter Marggraff zu Brandenburg, inn Preussen, zu Stetin, Pommern, der Cassuben vnd Wenden Hertzog, Burgraff zu Nürnberg, vnd Fürst zu Rügen, &c." ... `Gegeben zu Königsperg im Jar 1558. den 25. Nouembris." %Music: Verba #3 (e1^b–e3^b), Benedictions (e5^a–e6^a), Alleluias (f1^b–f2^a) Notes taken from Hubatsch reprint.
Mass in Königsperg and in other chief cities: for the sake of the children's practice, the Introit (if pure) is sung in Latin (especially in Königsperg). The Priester goes in the usual former dress to the altar, kneels, and does his devotion. Then the Kyrie, only three times. Then the Priester sings the Gloria and the choir the Et in terra. Then the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der HERR sey mit euch," the choir answering "Vnd mit deinem Geist." The Priester sings the collect in German. Then the Epistle is read in German from the Cathedra or Predigstul. Then the choir sings the Alleluia with the prose de tempore (if pure) in Latin; on high feasts a German hymn is sung in alternation ("Gelobet" on Christmas, "Christ ist erstanden" on Easter, "Nun bitten wir" on Pentecost and "Gott der Vater" on Trinity). Then the Gospel is read, then the entire church sings "Wir gleuben." Then the sermon. (p. 109) The Litany is sung on Fridays after the sermon. The Preface is abolished; in its place comes the exhortation and paraphrase of the Vater Unser. (p. 110) Then the Priester turn to the altar and performs the office of Benediction, or Consecration, singing the words of the Lord's Supper. Then the choir sings the Sanctus in Latin (on high feasts) or in German from the prophet Isaiah, during which the communicants come to the altar. The Priester may not elevate the sacrament. Depending on the number of communicants, "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland" may be sung, however many verses until the communion is done. Then the Priester consecrates the chalice, then the Agnus Dei is sung in Latin, during which the cup is given. The remaining verses from "Jesus Christus" may be sung, or "Gott sey gelobet." Ditto with the CXI. Psalm, "Ich danck dem Herrn." When the communion is finished the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sey mit euch." Then he turns to the altar and sings the collect. (p. 111) "Amen" is answered. Then "Der Herr sey mit euch," the choir answering "Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then the Blessing and Benediction. In large cities on high feasts the host and cup may be consecrated and given together. In large cities and on high feasts figural music should be performed insofar as possible.
Mass in villages without schools or with very small schools: a German psalm is sung in place of the Introit: Kumm Gott Schöpffer, Erbarm dich mein, Auá tieffer noth, Es wolt vnd Gott gnedig sein, Ach Gott von Himel sihe darein, Wer Gott nicht mit vns diese zeit (p. 112), Es spricht der vnweisen mund, etc., sung alternating [i.e., one week one psalm, the next week another]. Where on festivals the German Introit has been sung that practice may continue. Then the Kirie in German three times. The Priester, in ordinary or old dress, sings the Gloria in German with great reverence: "Ehre sey Gott in den aller höchsten." The choir sings the Et in terra in German or the hymn "Allein Gott." The Priester turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sey mit euch." Then to the altar singing the Collect in German. Then the Epistle is read, then the Halleluia with the melody rhymed to a German psalm, "so man singen will." The festivals have their own hymns (Easter: Christ lag and Jesus Christus vnser Heiland; Pentecost: Kum Gott Schöpffer; Christmas: Gelobet seistu, Grates nunc omnes, Dancksagen wir nun alle). Then the Gospel is read, after which "Wir gleuben" is sung. Then the sermon. Then the entire church sings a hymn (such as "Nun lob mein Seel den Herrn" or "Nu freut euch lieben Christen") when the Litany is not sung. Or the Vater Unser without explanation, as set by the Bishop of Pomezan Paul Speratus ("Sperati"). During the foregoing the Priester goes to the altar, then reads the exhortation and paraphrase of the Vater Unser, then the consecration and then communes the people. (p. 113) During the communion the congregation sings "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland." The Priester closes with the usual Collect and Blessing. If the people do not know the above hymns, the Pfarherr and Schulmeister should teach them, especially to the children.
Mass in large cities on weekdays: is sung all the way through if there are no communicants ("wenn jemands communicirn will"); in place of the Epistle and Gospel a whole or half chapter is read from the Old and New Testament, respectively.
Ampt when there are no communicants: in villages on Sundays the order is kept, including the paraphrase, but the exhortation to communicants and the consecration are omitted. After the paraphase the people sing "Erhalt vns Herr" or the "Vater Unser" and the Priester concludes with the Collect and blessing.
Other ceremonies: Dietrich's summary is used (p. 115). Latin chants are retained in Matins, Vespers and Mass if they are pure, although the German should also remain for the sake of the people.
Matins: the Caplan intones "Labia mea aperies" and "Deus in adiutorium," the choir answering. Then the choir sings two or three Latin psalms. Then the Caplan reads a lesson from the Old Testament with Dietrich's summary. Then the choir sings the responsory of the day (if pure) or a German hymn (if not). Then the exhortation to prayer. Then the Priester sings the versicle "Erzeige vns Herr deine Barmhertzigkeit" with the choir responding. Then he reads a German collect d.t., the choir answering "Amen." Then the Benedicamus. When the people arrive early on Sunday in Königsperg the entire church sings the usual German psalms with several spiritual hymns and songs ("sampt etlichen Geistlichen lieder vnd Lobgesengen"). Then the Diacon or Kirchendiener does a brief exhortation to the sacrament, after which the entire church sings the Te Deum. Then the Predigt is rung, and "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland" is sung. (p. 116) Then the exhortation to prayer, then "Nun bitten wir," then the sermon. On weekdays in certain churches Matins is not held, but the hymn sing before the service is. In cities other than Königsperg Matins is to be held at least on Sundays, if not every day.
Matins in villages: on Sundays and at least on high feasts a German Matins is held, with an exhortation to the sacrament. The bells should be rung every morning.
Vespers: held in Königsperg on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. Begins with the "Deus in adiutorium" and "Gloria patri," etc. Then the choir sings one, two or three psalms, then the responsory with the hymn d.t. (or the following, if the d.t. hymn is not pure). Then the Caplan reads a lesson from the New Testament (in order from Matthew to the end) with the summary of Dietrich or another. (p. 117) Then exhortation to prayer, then Magnificat, versicle and collect and Benedicamus. On Wednesdays the choir sings Vespers as on other days, with psalms, responsories and hymns. After the hymn the Caplan preaches a sermon from the catechism, and after the lesson the Litany is sung. On Saturdays and Sundays the same form is used, with sermon from the Bible, and the Magnificat is also sung after it.
Vespers in cities other than Königsperg: the same order is used, if not every day, then at least on Saturdays, Sundays and feasts. If there are not enough scholars to sing in Latin then they may sing in German. It would be good to alternate German and Latin week by week, for the sake of the people.
Vespers in villages: held at least on high feasts, if not every Sunday, with German responsories, hymns and Magnificat insofar as possible. Then the catechism is preached on. It would be good if the bells were rung each evening. (p. 118)
Holy days: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days). Certain festivals are observed on the closest day with a sermon: Conversion of Paul, John the Baptist, Visitation, Mary Magdalene, Beheading of John, apostles' days. It would be good if All Angels were observed on the Sunday nearest Michaelis. (p. 123) If Annunciation falls on Palm Sunday or in Holy Week it is observed on the week following Easter.
Preuáen 1568 (Königsberg, 1568) s [8/13/93] - official
Kirchen ordnung und Ceremonien. Wie es... in der Kirchen des Hertzogthumbs Preussen soll gehalten werden. Cited in Graff 1:25. Graff: the KO of 1558 was rescinded and this new one created as a revision of the 1544 KO, which in turn was based on the 1539 KO of Herzog Heinrich of Saxony; the 1558 KO was also used, which is based on the Mecklenburg KO of 1552. The liturgical parts of the 1568 KO were reprinted in 1741, 1780 and 1789 unaltered except for additions to prayers and the confirmation rite. See Borowski, p. 44.
K\irchen | Ordnung | vnd Ceremonien. | W\ie es in vbung G\ottes | W\orts/ vnd reichung der H\ochwirdigen | Sacrament/ in den Kirchen des Hertzog= | thumbs Preuôôen ôoll gehalten | werden. | {ANNO DOMINI} | {M. D. LXVIII.} | 1. Corinth: 14. | Laôôets alles ehrlich vnd ordentlich zugehen. || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu K\önigsperg | in Preuôôen/ bey J\ohann Daubman. | 18.
%Size: 190 @ 126 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s: A–L^6 M^8; $1–4 signed (–A1 +M5) %Pagination: 74 leaves: ff. [{1}] 1–29 29–72 [#=73]
%Fingerprint: 1568 02 - b1 A2 $die$ : b2 M5 E %Preface: `Vorrede. Der beyder Bischoff, Samlandt vnd Pometzan, von den Ceremonien vnd Kirchen Ordnungen" ... [undated] %Music: Magnificat and Nunc dimittis (A6^b–B2^a), Verba #3 (D3^a–D5^a), Benedictions (D6^b–E2^a)
Similar to the 1558 order, but not the same. The notes are taken from the 1598 copy at Urbana, which has identical pagination.
Saturday and holy day eve Vespers in cities with Latin schools, especially Königsperg: begins with a Diaconus doing "Deus in adiutorium meum intende," the choir concluding it. Then two boys intone the antiphon de tempore, and the entire choir sings a psalm or two, alternating by verses, as usual. Because this exercise is done that the boys in the Latin school may receive practice, the psalms are done in Latin. Then the responsory and hymn de tempore are sung (if pure). Then a brief sermon on the chief articles of the faith, directed to the communicants (f. A5^a), not more than half an hour. Then the Magnificat with the antiphon de tempore, then the Collect and Benedicamus Domino.
Sunday and holy day Vespers: the Caplan begins with the intonation, then psalms, responsories and hymns as above. The sermon treats the Epistle. (f. A6^a) After the sermon two boys stand in front of the chancel and recite a section of Luther's catechism with the explanation. Then the Magnificat in German with the antiphon (same tone and antiphon "Christum vnsern Heiland, ewigen Gott" as in the {Evangelisch-Lutherisches Kirchengesangbuch} of 1987) (f. A6^b). Then the Nunc dimittis (as in {ELKG}) (f. B1^a). Where there is an organist, he plays verses in alternation: "Wo man einen Organisten hat, schlecht er einen Verá vmb den andern, das nach dem Magnificat der Chor die deutsch Antiphonam singet, Vnd der Organist nach dem Nunc dimittis ein stück schleget." Then the versicle, collect and Benedicamus. (f. B2^a) On festivals the Magnificat is sung in Latin before the sermon, and after the sermon a German hymn d.t. is sung.
Weekday Vespers: begun by the Caplan with the antiphon and a psalm, as above. Then a boy reads a lesson in Latin, and another reads it in German. Then is sung the Magnificat with the antiphon, then a collect and the Benedicamus.
Vespers in small churches and villages: a German psalm or two is sung, then the Pfarherr gives a talk from the catechism. The German hymns should be principally Luther's psalms (the catechism hymns are included in this term). (f. B3^a) Also included are such hymns as "Nun kom der Heiden Heiland" and other seasonal hymns. (f. B3^b) The Pfarherr should make sure that the Schulmeister does not introduce whatever songs he feels like into the service, but remains by those referred to above. It is not a bad practice to ring the bells in the morning and evening even when there is no service, for this serves as a reminder. (f. B4^a) Matins ("Metten") and early service on Sundays and festivals: this service is for the poor house workers who cannot come to the high mass (as it is called) because they have to work in the kitchen and cellar. (f. C2^a) It is rung at 5:00, after which the Gesangmeister sings "Kom GOTT Schüpffer Heiliger Geist" in the usual manner, then a psalm or two, and the Caplan mounts the pulpit at 5:30 and reads the five parts of the catechism, then expounds upon one section. (f. C2^b) All of this is not to last more than 45 minutes. Then the Gesangmeister sings "Erhalt vns HERR" or another hymn d.f. As soon as the sermon is finished the small bell in the chancel is rung so that the cantor knows to bring the Schulgesellen and Knaben into the church. Then the Caplan begins with "Domine Labia mea aperies," to which the choir answers "Et Os meum annunctiabit laudem tuam." Then the Caplan continues with "DEVS in adiutorium meum." Then the Knaben intone the antiphon d.t. and sing the Athanasian Creed. Then a boy reads a lesson facing toward the people, then the Benedictus Dominus DEVS Israel with antiphon or the German Te Deum of Luther ("O Gott dich loben wir") is sung. (f. C3^a) Then the great bell is rung and the entire church sings "Wir glauben." Then the Caplan reads the common prayer, then "Nun bitten wir" is sung, then the Pfarherr mounts the pulpit and preaches on the Gospel. Prediger in other cities should use the foregoing as a model as far as possible. (f. C3^b)
Early service on weekdays: remains as heretofore practiced. The children go to church at 6:00 on days when the Caplan preaches. He begins with "Domine Labis mea aperies" and continues as in Sunday Matins. A psalm is sung in Latin with the antiphon. Then the Cantor begins a German psalm and has the congregation sing it, then the children go to school. (f. C4^a) Then the sermon. Then "Erhalt vns HERR" or a hymn d.f. is sung. (f. C4^b)
Prayer services ("Gebet tage"): held Monday, Wednesday and Friday (in different churches in the city). The Litany is sung after the sermon. (f. C5^a) Other cities should follow this model. In villages the Litany is sung every Sunday, since few people come together on weekdays.
Mass and communion: the Introit is sung in Latin (if pure, for the sake of practice for the children) (f. C5^b), or a German psalm may be sung instead. Then the Kirieleison (three times only). Then the Priester sings "Gloria in excelsis Deo," the choir responding "Et in terra pax" or "Allein GOTT inn der höhe sey ehre." Then "Der HErr sey mit euch," the choir answering "Vnd mit deinem Geist," with the collect in German sung. Then the Epistle is read "laut, verstendlich vnd Deutsch." (f. C6^a) Then on festivals the Sequence (if pure) is sung, with the usual German hymns in alternation verse by verse. Then the Gospel is read. Then in the cathedral the Nicene Creed is sung in Latin, but in other churches it is alternated with "Wir glauben" (f. C6^b). Then the sermon on the Gospel (in two churches, Alte Stadt and Lebenicht). Then the entire church sings "Erhalt vns HERR." Then the exhortation and paraphrase of the Vater Unser in place of the Preface. (f. D1^a) Then the people kneel, and the Priester sings the Consecration (f. D3^a). Then the choir sings the Sanctus or another psalm, such as "Jesaia dem Propheten," "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" or "Gott sey gelobet," and if there are many communicants "Vater vnser im Himmelreich" and others. The men commune first, then the women, each proceeding in turn to the altar. After the distribution the Priester turns to the people with "Der HErr sey mit euch" and sings the collect "WJr dancken dir." (f. D5^b) Then "Der HErr sey mit euch," the choir answering "Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then the Benediction is sung. (f. D6^b)
Communion in villages where there are small schools or no schools: the children sit in the chancel, and the Pfarherr exhorts them to sing along with the psalms. A German psalm is sung in place of the Introit, then the Kyrie three times. Then the Priester sings "Ehre sey Gott in den allerhöchsten," then "Allein Gott." The Epistle and Gospel are read, between which the Litany is sung. After the Gospel "Wir glauben" is sung, then "Nu bitten wir." Then the sermon, then the entire catechism is read. (f. E2^a) Then the common prayer (f. E2^b). Then the exhortation, paraphrase of the Vater Unser, Verba Consecrationis (as above, except that the bread is distributed before the cup is consecrated). (f. E4^a) Midday service on Sundays and festivals: before the sermon (on the Gospel, for the sake of those having to work during the mass) the German Te Deum is sung, then "Nu bitten wir"; after the sermon "Erhalt vns HErr" is sung, with which the people leave the church. There is the note that in certain places a sermon is delivered "zu gleich" [in German] and in Polish or Lithuanian. (f. E4^b)
Catechism: held in Königsperg on Wednesday (in der Altenstadt), Thursday (in the cathedral) and Friday (in dem Lebenicht). (f. E5^a) The order of service is not specified. In the villages catechism is held one hour in the afternoon (what day?) (f. E6^a).
Festivals: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days) (f. f1^a). It is advised that the following also be observed: John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis. (f. F2^a) If Annunciation falls on Palm Sunday or during Holy Week or Easter Week it is observed on the Sunday following Easter (f. F2^b). Mary Magdalene is observed on the Seventh Sunday after Trinity. Apostles' days are observed as half-day festivals. Communion is held if there are communicants. (f. F3^a)
Preuáen 1598 (Königsberg, 1598) r [8/13/93]
Kirchen Ordnung und Ceremonien. Wie es in ubung Gottes Worts, und reichung der Hochwirdigen Sacrament, in den Kirchen des Hertzogthumbs Preussen soll gehalten werden.
A reprint of the 1568 order with the same page layout. The page number 29 is repeated here as well.
Regensburg 1542 s [10/1/95] - official
Wrahafftiger [!] Bericht eines Erbarn Camerers vnd Rats der Stat Regenspurg, Warumb vnd aus was vrsachen sie des Hern Abentmal, nach der einsatzung Christi, bey ihnen fürgenomen vnd auffgericht, auch mit was form, weyse vnd ordnung das selbig gehalten wirdet. Original: 4º, 24 p. REPRINT: Sehling 13:389–93.
Notes from Sehling.
Mentions both public and private confession. Communicants are required to attend private confession the evening before they commune. But they are not required to enumerate all sins, but only those that particularly trouble them. (p. 390)
Communion: after the sermon the Schulmaister with the boys and Mithelfern sing the Litany; that is, the "gemein gebet fur alle stende und note der christenheit" [footnote: certainly the version of Luther (WA 30:III:1–36) as in Nürnberg (Sehling 11:503f.) In this position it is a substitute for the general prayer that joins the sermon and the communion.] Several from the first choir begin, and the other choir answers. During the Litany three Kirchendiener (the Priester who sings the Ambt and two Leviten [footnote: in the cathedral the deacon and subdeacon; in parishes two other priests] come from the Sagra (sacristy) to the altar, and they pray the Confiteor. The Epistler (subdeacon—the one who reads the Epistle) places the "kelch, buech, partikl und paten" on the altar. (p. 391) At the conclusion of the Litany the Priester sings a collect "anstat" [footnote: in the name of] the church. [Footnote: the collect is probably the prayer "Aufer a nobis" from the Mass, but out loud and in German.] Then the Schulmaister begins the Introit d.t. and Kyrie. The Priester sings the Gloria and the Schulmaister the Et in terra. The Priester sings a collect, during which the Epistler lays the book on the lectern in front of the altar, and after which he reads the Epistle in German. Then the Schulmaister sings a Sequence [footnote: probably not a sequence in the technical sense, but rather a Gradual chant] or otherwise a Latin text from the Graduale in accordance with Scripture. Then the Evangelier (the deacon) reads the Gospel in German from the lectern in front of the altar. During this the Priester washes his hands, pours wine into the chalice and prepares the wafers ("partikl") for as many as have confessed the previous evening. Then he begins the Credo, and the Schulmaister continues with the Patrem. During the Patrem the Epistler directs the communicants to the altar, the men on the right and the women on the left, and they kneel until the end of the Patrem. After the Patrem the Evangelier goes to the lectern in front of the altar and reads the exhortation to the communicants, and the Offenliche Beicht follows (Sehling 13:3:403–404). Then the priest begins to sing the first part of the Words of Our Lord in German, then elevates the body; then he sings the second part and elevates the chalice. This Elevation is not to be understood as displaying an offering, but only so that we see the signs God has ordained through which he gives us the grace obtained through the suffering and death of our Lord Jesus Christ. (p. 392) Then the Schulmaister begins to sing the Sanctus and Benedictus. Then the Priester sings "Oremus" and the Pater noster, then he turns to the people and sings "Pax vobiscum," to which the Schulmaister answers "Amen." Then the men commune, kneeling before the altar, and receive the body of Christ from the priest who sang the Ambt, then they go to the other side of the altar and receive the blood of Christ from the Evangelier. Then the women do the same. The Epistler holds the towel over which the people receive the body of Christ. During this the Schulmaister sings the Agnus Dei slowly three times. If this does not cover the communion, a Latin Danksagung is sung from the Gradual. After all have communed the priest communes, then he sings a thanksgiving collect, then the Evangelier sings "Deo dicamus gracias." Then the priest turns and blesses the people "Es gesegne und behüte uns Gott der Vater, Sone und Heiliger Geist. Amen."
Regensburg 1543 s [10/1/95] - parish
Hieronymus Nopp. [Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 13:406–11.
Notes from Sehling.
Nopp took office as pastor in Regensburg after receiving his doctorate from Wittenberg. (p. 372–73)
Saturday Vespers: begins at 2:00 with Geseng and all that is traditional (p. 406), followed by confession. So that all may learn the five chief parts of the catechism, it is to be read for the time being twice each Feiertag—once by the preacher before the sermon and once before the reading of the Gospel "in der pfarr" [footnote: where there is no sermon], also during the week on Monday and Friday. It is to be read with explanation on Sunday after the catechism sermon and on Wednesday after Vespers.
Sunday: after the Gesang the Diacon reads the Gemein Gebet with the chief parts of the faith, then the sermon is preached. Then the communion ("opfern"!) is begun with the singing of the Benedictus (p. 407) or other hymn of praise or psalm in German; and the Litany is sung after the reading of the Epistle, when the people are present and have assembled in part. [Entire section: "Das an feiertagen erstlich nach dem gesang das gemein gebet mit den haubtstücken unsers glaubens und catechismi verlesen werde durch ein diacon, darnach die predigt darauf geschehe. Das das opfern darnach für die communion in der pfarrkirchen vom gesang Benedictus angeho[p. 408]ben werden oder von einem andern lobgesang oder psalm zu teutsch und die litanei, welch ein gemein gebet ist, dabet jederman billich sein soll, gehalten werden nach der lection der epistel, wen das volk vorhanden und sich zum teil gesamlet hat."] The midday sermon is held at the Pfarr zu Unser Frauen at 1:00 and is for the Gesinde; it is on the Epistle or Gospel and includes catechism instruction.
Vespers on the Feiertag: held in the Augustinerkirche. The men sit in one place, such as in the Chor, and the women in another, such as in the nave ("herausen in der kirchen"), and at the end of the sermon the catechism is held. So that the service does not last too long, the reading of the chapter is omitted. It begins with a psalm in Latin, then the Magnificat is sung with an antiphon in German or Latin, and at times also the Te Deum if the Feiertag is during the week, and thus [Vespers is] ended.
Weekday sermons are held Tuesday ("ehritag") and Thursday ("pfinztag") as is customary; these services are not to last more than an hour. A psalm or hymn in German is sung after the first bell, and the second bell is rung during it. Then the Litany, then the Glaube or "Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist" or "Kom, Heiliger Geist," or something else not too long; then the sermon, during which at times the people should be exhorted to learn the opening hymn and sing along. Then closing with "Verleihe uns friege."
On Mondays and Wednesdays a lesson is read from Scripture with a brief teaching on it, then the Gemeine Gebet is read (p. 408) with the five parts of the catechism, and the Gesang is held as in the weekday sermon.
Fridays the Tenebrae [see Liederverzeichnis at the end of the volume] is sung with a versicle and collect.
If a holy day falls on Monday, Wednesday or Friday the sermon from Tuesday or Thursday is moved to that day. (p. 409)
Regensburg 1553 s [10/6/95] - official
Jonas, Justus. Kirchenordnung, wie man alle ding zu Regenspurg in der christen kirchen mit singen, lesen, predigen und andern ceremonien an den feiertägen und werktägen zu halten pflegt. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 13:419–27.
Notes from Sehling.
Saturdays: Vespers is rung at 2:15 for fifteen minutes, during which the people gather in the church. The Minister sings "Deus, in adjutorium," the choir responding "Domine, ad adjuvandum." Then the Minister intones the (pure) antiphon d.t., and both choirs sing a Latin psalm (lectio continua) verse by verse, finally repeating the entire antiphon. Then the Minister reads a chapter from the New Testament (lectio continua) from the pulpit with the summary of Dietrich, then the choir sings "Deo gratias," and both choirs sing the Hymnus d.t., if pure. Then the Minister chants again, and both choirs sing the Magnificat in Latin, then the antiphon again. If there is an organist he plays the two antiphons on the organ and alternates verse by verse in the Hymn and Magnificat. Then the Minister sings a German collect, then the boys sing "Benedicamus Domino," the choir responding "Deo gratias." Then the choir sings a German psalm according to the time. Then the Minister reads a German exhortation from the pulpit to those planning to commune the following day. Then he hears and absolves them in the confessional (Beichthaus—for a description see footnotes 14 and 22 on page 436: the Beichtstuhl was a chair (otherwise used for clergy, council members, etc.); the Beichthaus may have been a part of the sacristy or side chapel). Everything mentioned above is to be done slowly and distinctly so that the lay people can understand all the words.
Sundays: the Priester (also called Minister) comes before the altar with two Ministranten or Diaconen (p. 419) and prays with one of them (the one currently serving as Secundus) the Confiteor kneeling. During this the Chor sings the Introit d.t. in Latin and the Kyrie three times. Then the priest stands and sings Gloria in excelsis, the choir following with the Et in terra, all in Latin. Then the priest sings a German collect. During this a Minister (the Tercius) goes to the pulpit and reads a chapter from Acts or an epistle (lectio continua) with the summary, then the supplications for all sorts and conditions with the five parts of the catechism, then announces marriages and other matters. Then the choir sings the Litany as set in Prussia with the Anhang "Erhalt uns, Herr," then the priest prays a German collect for peace or whatever else is appropriate. On special festivals when there is figural music the Alleluia and sequence d.t. are sung in place of the Litany. Then the Secundus Minister reads the text of the Gospel with the explanation of Corvinus [footnote gives a brief biography: b. 1501, d. 1553]. This is done because there is no sermon before the early service at Nopp's church; if the situation changes only the text of the Gospel shall be read with the summary, and the explanation omitted. Then the priest at the altar sings "Credo in unum Deum" in Latin, and the choir sings "Wir glauben" in German. Then the Secundus Minister reads from the altar the German exhortation to the communicants. Then the priest sings the Words of Consecration in German without the Elevation. Then the choir sings the Sanctus in Latin. Then the priest sings the Vater Unser in German, then turns to the people and sings "Der frid des Herren sei mit uns allen," the choir responding "Amen." During the distribution the choir sings the Agnus Dei three times, and if there are many communicants also sings "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland" or "Gott sei gelobet" or other similar hymns of praise. The Priester distributes the body of Christ on his side of the altar (p. 420), and the Diacon (Secundus Minister) the blood of Christ on the other side. The Diaconus serving as Tercius holds the Tuechlein for the priest. The deacon serving as Quartus, wearing a Chorrock, holds the towel for the Secundus. If no Minister is available, the Prediger or Pfarherr takes his place. After communion the priest sings a German thanksgiving collect, then the Secundus sings "Benedicamus Domino," the choir answering "Deo dicamus gratias." Then the priest concludes with the Blessing in German. If an organist is available he plays the Introit plus the Kyrie eleison, Et in terra, Patrem, Sanctus and Agnus Dei, also alternating verses in the German hymn during communion ("auch sub communione in den teutschen gesengen ein gesetz umb das ander" — the footnote reads "= als Zwischenspiel").
Sunday Vespers: as on Saturday, except that the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis are sung in German and the Hymn is omitted because of the long catechism instruction. If there is an organist, he plays "one verse around the other, but nevertheless all verses shall be sung for the sake of better understanding [of the text]" ("Und woe der organist verhanden, so schlecht er einen vers umb den andern auf der orgel, doch das gleichwol alle vers durchaus ganz gesungen werden umb bessers verstands willen.") — This seems to indicate that "ein vers umb den andern" does not necessarily mean alternating verses, but could mean (as the footnote above indicates) an interlude. Also in this Vespers a section of the Nürnberg catechism is read from the pulpit in place of the exhortation to the communicants, then the choir concludes with a German psalm.
Ordinary Tuesdays and Fridays (without holy days): after the bell is rung the choir with the people sing the Vater Unser or another Christian Gesang. Then the Minister reads a chapter from the Old Testament (lect. cont.) with the summary, then the exhortation to prayer. Then the boys sing the Wittenberg Litany. Then the Minister concludes with a German collect.
Holy days without communion: the Minister for the week sings "Deus in adjutorium," the choir responding "Domine, ad adjuvandum." Then the Minister sings the antiphon d.t., if one is available. Then both choirs sing "Quicunque vult," alternating verses in Latin. If no antiphon is available the German Benedictus is sung in its place. Then the Minister reads a chapter or lesson from the Acts or epistles with the summary from the pulpit. Then the choir sings Deo gratias (p. 421) and the German Te Deum with both choirs. Then the Minister sings a German collect and the boys the Benedicamus Domino, the choir answering "Deo dicamus gratias." After the Benedicamus the choir sings the Litany used in Prussia with the Anhang "Erhalt uns, Herr," and the Minister sings a German collect. Then the sermon follows if there was no sermon earlier. If there had been a sermon earlier, a lesson from the Gospel[s] is read (lect. cont.). Then the choir concludes with a German psalm or Gesang d.f. Vespers is held as on Sundays. (p. 422)
The lessons and psalms for the various holy days are listed on pp. 422–25: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Dominica Judica, Palm Sunday, weekdays in Holy Week, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days).
Regensburg [1567?] s [10/7/95] - parish
Gallus, Nicolaus. Kirchenordnung der neuen pfarre zu Regenspurg. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 13:452–89.
Notes from Sehling.
Saturday and holy day eves: Vespers is rung at 2:15 and begins at 2:30. It is held only in the New Church.
Sundays: rung between 6:00 and 7:00 (depending on the time of year) for fifteen minutes at both churches (the New Church and St. Oswald). The Pfarrherr gives a sermon in the New Church and the other preacher at St. Oswald. Communion is held only in the New Church and only on Sundays and festivals that are festivals of Christ. (p. 459) But if there are one or more communicants at other times, communion is nonetheless held, albeit in a briefer form (similar to that used for communing the sick). ("Do aber auch zu andern zeiten communicanten vorhanden, einer oder mehr, werden sie nichts dester weniger und alle publice communicirt, auáer der kranken, [p. 460] auch kürzer dann sontags, fast die weise wie die kranken.") The midday service is held in both churches at 11:00, especially for the sake of the servants who could not attend the morning service. The junior preacher gives this sermon. Vespers is held after 2:00 in the New Church, followed by catechism instruction.
Mondays early: the Deacon gives two sermons in the two hospitals for the sake of those who on account of illness cannot come to church.
Tuesdays early: sermon in the New Church by the junior preacher on an epistle.
Wednesdays at Vesper time: public catechism instruction with the senior preacher and the children of the German school; held between Easter and Michaelis, for as long as the warm weather holds. In winter each schoolmaster instructs his own pupils.
Thursdays: no public services, but in the monastery the catechism is read and a section of the small and large catechisms of Luther is explained.
Fridays: sermon as on Mondays and Tuesdays from Romans or a prophet.
Baptisms, weddings, communion of the sick and funerals are held on whatever day necessary.
Vespers on Saturdays: the Diacon for the week sings "Deus, in adjutorium meum intende," the choir responding "Domine, ad adjuvandum etc." Then the Diaconus chants the antiphon d.t. ([assuming it is] in accordance with Scripture). (p. 460) Then both choirs sing a Latin psalm (lect. cont.) "ein vers ubm den andern, und repetirn darauf die antiphon durchaus." Then the Diaconus goes to the pulpit and reads a chapter or section from Acts or an epistle with the summary of Dietrich. Then the entire choir sings "Deo gratias" and the Hymnus d.t. (if not contrary to Scripture). Then the Diaconus chants and both choirs sing the Magnificat in Latin, alternating verses, then the antiphon. If there is an organist, he plays the two antiphons on the organ, in the hymn and Magnificat "ein vers umb den andern." Then the Diaconus sings a German collect, then several boys kneeling before the altar sing "Benedicamus Domino," the choir responding "Deo gratias," then a German penitential psalm, "das Miserere oder De profundis, Erbarm dich mein usw., O Herre Gott, begnade mich. Aus tiefer not oder Durch Adams fall usw." Then the Diaconus reads the exhortation from the pulpit to those who will receive private absolution and commune the next day. Then confession. All of the above is to be read and sung slowly and distinctly so that the hearers can understand all the words.
Early sermon and communion on Sunday: in both churches the Prussian litany or something d.t. in German is sung by the German scholars and the congregation while the bells are rung. Then the Diacon reads the supplications for all sorts and conditions from the pulpit with the parts of the common catechism, etc. Then the announcements of engagements and marriages, etc. Then the sermon, then another thanksgiving for God's gifts and a prayer for this congregation and particular people. Then the scholars sing "Erhalt uns, Herr" or something else d.t., then the bell rings again for the start of communion. (p. 461) First the deacon holding the office [communion] confesses to another deacon and receives from him absolution. Then he and the Secundus go from the sacristy to the altar, carrying chalice and paten, which the Secundus prepares at the altar. During this the Latin scholars sing the Introit d.t. or the German hymn "Nu freut euch, lieben christen gemein" or "Es ist das Heil uns kommen her" or some such, then the Kyrie three times, then the Officiator chants the Gloria, the choir completing it, all of the foregoing in either German or Latin, then the Officiator sings a collect. During this the Tertius goes to the pulpit and reads a chapter or section from Acts or an epistle (lect. cont.) with the summary of Dietrich, or on festivals the festival lesson. Then the choir sings the Sequence d.t.: Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem wort, or something in German. Then a lesson from a gospel (lect. cont.) or d.t. read by the Secundus with the summary. Then the Officator chants the Patrem in Latin, the choir completing it or singing "Wir glauben." Then the Secundus reads the exhortation to the communicants from the altar with the Offene Beicht and absolution. During this the Officiator counts out the hosts according to the number of communicants who have been to confession; ditto with the wine in the chalice. Then he sings the Verba coenae in German, taking into his hands the paten and chalice, but without Elevation. Then the choir sings the Sanctus in Latin or the German "Jesaja dem propheten," and the Officiator continues with the German Vater Unser, then he turns to the people with "Der fried des Herrn sei mit uns allen," and the choir answers "Amen." Then the communicants go to the chancel, first the men, then the women. The Officiator distributes the body of Christ on one side, and the Secundus distributes the blood of Christ on the other. The Tertius and Quartus hold the towels. If either the hosts or the wine runs short, more is consecrated. (p. 462) During the communion the choir sings "Jesus Christus" or "Gott sei gelobet," also Ps. 111; that is, "Dank dem Herrn," according to the number of communicants. Then the Officiator communes himself, taking the rest of the consecrated bread and wine, then turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sei mit uns allen," the choir answering "Amen." Then the Blessing over the people (two choices here). Then the bell rings for the midday sermon. If there is an organist, he plays for the Introit, the Kyrie, the Et in terra, the Patrem, the Sanctus and for the German hymns during communion, "ein vers umb den andern, doch das alle verse gesungen werden" [footnote: this means that he plays an interlude between every two verses]. Because the sermon is so long it is frequently shortened by omitting the Et in terra, the Patrem and the Sanctus (both Latin and German), and the shortest Gesenge are chosen.
Midday sermon: held at both churches. At the third bell the German scholars sing a German psalm. Then the sermon with common thanksgiving and intercessions, then again a psalm or "Erhalt uns, Herr."
Vespers on Sundays: as on Saturday, except that the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis are sung in German. The Hymnus is omitted on account of the catechism instruction, and if the organist plays, all verses are sung throughout for the sake of the people. Instead of the exhortation the catechism is read through, then a sermon, in the order of Luther's Large Catechism, that of Nicolaus Gallus or the Nürnberg-Brandenburg KO. The appropriate catechism hymn is sung before and after the sermon. (p. 463)
Monday sermon: in both hospitals is conducted simply, with German psalms before and after the sermon sung by the people, since there are no scholars. [Interesting: this implies that the people could well sing the hymns, but choral performance was preferred. Perhaps the people were considered a poor substitute for the choir.]
Tuesday and Friday sermons: on Tuesdays several boys from the Latin school sing the Wittenberg Litany from the pulpit, the choir and congregation answering. On Fridays the entire school sings a German psalm. Then the Wochner reads a chapter from the Old Testament from the pulpit with the summary of Dietrich, and the choir sings "Nu bitten wir." Then the sermon with thanksgiving and intercessions. Then "Erhalt uns, Herr" is sung, or in times of emergency, the boys sing "zwei Domine" [footnote: the Tract is meant, whose first part has a Domine from Ps. 103:10, whose second has one from Ps. 79:8 and whose third has one from Ps. 79:9; this Tract is also used in the Nördlinger KO of 1579 (Sehling 12:377)], and the choir sings the third in Latin, then the congregation sings "Erhalt uns, Herr," and the Wochner closes with a collect for peace or another.
Wednesday catechism instruction: the boys and girls sing the part of the catechism treated on that day. Then the Prediger reads a section "der gestelten methodischen summa" as attached (follows on pp. 465–74 — includes a section on the four uses of the Law). Then five pairs of children recite the part of the catechism assigned in a question and answer format (p. 464); those who recite it well receive a Pfennig [footnote: worth about DM 0,20 in 1963 money]. The Prediger closes with the exhortation to prayer, and the scholars sing "Erhalt uns, Herr" and go home. (p. 465)
Services on holy days when there is no communion: early sermon held in both churches as on Sundays. After the sermon the Wochner sings "Deus in adjutorium," the choir responding, then the Wochner sings the antiphon d.f. or another. Then both choirs sing the German Benedictus, alternating verses. Then the Wochner reads a chapter from an evangelist from the usual order or of the festival if there is one, with the summary of Dietrich. The choir concludes the lesson with "Deo gratias" and sings the German Te Deum with both choirs or the Wittenberg Litany. Then the Wochner sings a German collect, and the boys sing the Benedicamus, the choir responding "Deo gratias," then a German psalm or other Lied. Midday sermon: only in the parish church on ordinary holy days; on festivals of Christ when there is communion held also at St. Oswald as on Sundays. Vespers: as on Sundays.
Holy days: Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), all apostles' days, John the Baptist, Michaelis. The following days are papist and idolatrous [footnote: and have not been observed since 1554]: George (Apr 23), Corpus Christi (Thursday after Trinity), Mary Magdalene (July 22), Laurence (Aug 10), Assumption (Aug 15), Nativity of Mary (Sep 8), All Saints (Nov 1), Martin (Nov 11), Catharine (Nov 25), Nicolaus (Dec 6). Communion is held on all festivals of Christ, with Vespers the preceding evening; it is held only the first two days of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost, and no midday service is held the third day. On all these days there is figural music at both Vespers (first and second) and at communion, also at the first Sunday after October 15 for the Dedication of the Temple (introduction of the Reformation?) in 1542. (p. 475)
Psalms, lessons and hymns for the various festivals are given on pp. 475–78. The form of the common prayer is given on pp. 479–80.
Regensburg 1713 (Regensburg, 1713) s-
Kirchenmanual.
Reutin And àschach 1573 s [10/13/95] - official
Agenda, wie es auf dem land in der pfarrkirchen zu Rüte und Eschach gehalten wird. Printed as an appendix to Lindau 1573. REPRINT: Sehling 12:218–20.
Notes from Sehling.
Ordinary Sundays and holy days when there are no communicants: a brief familiar psalm is sung. Then the Pfarherr goes to the altar and prays with the people the following collect (given) and reads the six chief parts of the catechism [footnote: after the pattern of the medieval Predigtgottesdienst] (p. 218). Then "Wir glauben" is sung, then the sermon on the Gospel. Then the common prayer, then a brief psalm, then the Thanksgiving collect for the Word, then the Benediction.
When there are communicants: after the Pfarherr leaves the pulpit the confession and absolution are held (p. 219), then the consecration of the bread and wine, then the communion, then the Thanksgiving and Benediction. (p. 220)
Riga 1530 ([Rostock, 1530]) s [3/7/95] - official
Kurze Ordnung des Kirchendiensts, samt einer Vorrede von Ceremonien, an den Erbarn Rath der löblichen Stadt Riga in Liefland, dorch D. Joannem Brieszman. M.D.XXX. REPRINT: Richter 2:487–89; Sehling 5:11–17.
Notes from Sehling.
This order spends several paragraphs defending the use of certain "papist" usages, including chanting, vestments and candles (p. 14–15).
Order of Mass: first an Introit in Latin or a German psalm, such as "Es wolt uns gott gnedig sein" or another. Then the Kyrie "with few notes, except on high feasts, when the notam paschalem may be used," and since it is sung three times, it would be good to sing it one time in each of the three languages Greek, Latin and German. Then the Gloria may be sung in Latin or German, as desired, and the Diener or Priester at the altar begins it, turned to the altar. Then the Diener or Priester turns to the people and wishes them the presence of the Lord. After the answer is the collect or common prayer in German, to the usual tone, d.t. Then the Epistle is read in German without being chanted so that it may better be understood; it is read from the usual place, "auf dem pulpith mitten unter dem volck." Lectio continuo is used, a half chapter or less at a time. Then the Halleluia is sung with the tune to the rhymed German version so that one may sing along, such as "Frölich woll wir haleluia singen." On Christmas "Danck sag wir nu dem herrn got" is sung to the notes of "Grates nunc omnes"; on Easter "Christ lag in todes banden" and on Pentecost "Kom gott schepper heiliger geist." Then the Gospel is read in the manner of the Epistle, again lectio continuo, except on festivals, when the Gospel pertaining to the festival is read from the same evangelist as the readings have recently been taken. Then the entire church sings "Wir glauben." Then the sermon, then the Preface, sung in German through the "per Christum." Then a little bell ("glöcklein") is rung, and the Priester takes first the bread on a paten in his hand, turns to the people, and says the Words of Consecration in German. Ditto with the chalice. Then the choir sings the Sanctus in German or Latin, as desired, with few notes. Then the Priester turns again to the people and says "Last uns herzlich beten, denn unser herr Christus hat uns zu bitten befolen, und erhörung zugesagt." The Vater Unser follows, which the Priest says in German facing the altar, to the usual old tone. The choir answers in German: "Sondern lös uns vom übel amen." Then the choir sings the Agnus Dei in German or Latin, with few notes, the first time ending "have mercy on us"; the second time ending "grant us peace." Then the Priest turns to the people "one mittel" (without assistance from a book?) and gives them the evangelical absolution and sings in German the Pax domini, etc. The choir answers "And with your spirit, etc." The Priest then distributes the elements "one mittel," saying [the usual words]. During this the people with the choir sing "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland," and after the communion "Gott sei gelobet," or only one of these, depending on the number of communicants. Then the Priest sings a German collect, then the Aaronic Benediction facing the people.
The Mass is done as above on Sundays and festivals. If there are no communicants, the mass is done as above through the German Patrem. After the sermon the Diener sings the Vater Unser at the altar (facing the people?) in the solemn tone ("in nota solemni"), then the Pax Domini in German, then the Benediction.
Sundays and festivals before Matins the Deacon instructs those intending to commune.
On weekdays if there are communicants the service is done as above through the sermon, but after the sermon the Vater Unser hymn is sung by the entire congregation (so that the boys will not be kept from their studies), followed by the Words of Blessing over the bread and wine, then "Gott sei Gelobet," during which the people commune. If there are no communicants, after the sermon or lesson is sung a German psalm or another German hymn.
In Riga three chalices are to be kept in each church: one for those with the usual illnesses, one for those with those with serious and contagious illnesses, and one for the communicants in the church.
On ordinary Sundays if there are communicants the Diener wears a Chorrock. On high feasts he may wear a Chorkappen or Casel. On festivals he may simply pull a Chorkappe or Casel (since there are not enough available, and they cost a great deal of money) over his Chorrock. These things are free: the only real regulation is that only black or blue vestments may be worn (I assume this refers to the Chorrock).
Holy days: Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter, Pentecost ("mit den andern folgenden tagen"; that is, 3 days), also Ascension and Visitation. On Thursday and Friday before Easter the text is the Last Supper.
Ritzebüttel [after 1570] s [3/18/95] - official
Ordeninge der christlicken ceremonien, welckere bi dem gades dienste in den kercken, so in dem ampte Ritzebüttel belegen, gebruket werden. Cited in Graff 1:46. Manuscript. Date is from Sehling. Graff dates this source [ca. 1544]. Graff: dependent on Hamburg and Bergedorf. REPRINT: Richter 2:78–79; Sehling 5:556–62.
Notes from Sehling.
On Sundays is sung first the German Gesang "Kum hilliger geist, erfülle die herten diener gelovigen..." in place of the Introit. Then the versicle "Sende ut dinen geist, und sie werden geschapen werden" and answer "Und du werst die gestalt der erden vornihen." Then the prayer "O almechtige godt und gnedige vader, de du de herten diner gelovigen dorch die verluchtige des hilligen geistes heffst geleret...." Then the psalm "Vader unse im hemmelreck" or a psalm of David related to the Gospel for the day is sung. Then the Kyrie is sung in German: "Herr godt vader, erbarme di unser. Christe, godt sohn, erbarme di unser. Herr godt, heiliger geist, erbarme di unser." Or another Kyrie: "Herr godt vader, alder hogste godt, wie klein achtet man din gebot...." Or another Kyrie: "Kyrie, milde vader, wie bidden di alle, vader, erbarme di unser...." Then the Prester sings "Ere si gode in der hogede," and the people sing "Alleine godt in der hogede si ehre etc.," and the Collect follows, the Priester singing "Die herr si mit uns" and the people answering "Und mit dinem geiste." Then the Prester prays: "Latet uns beden. O allmechtige ewige godt, die du bist ein beschütter aller...." Or another collect: [not copied]. Or another collect: [not copied]. (p. 557) Or another collect may be used. Then the Epistle is read in German. Then the Gesang "Nu freuet ju leven christen gemein" or another d.t. is sung. Then the Gospel is read. Then the people sing "Wi geloven...." Then the sermon begins, the Prediger beginning with an exhortation to the people to pray silently ("innig") the Vader Unser for fruitful preaching and hearing, along with the psalm "Nu bidden wi den hilligen geist, umme den rechten geloven aller meist." Then the text of the Gospel is read and explained. When this is done after an hour the Prediger exhorts to thanksgiving and Christian prayer, that one prays for all sorts and conditions, for the church, for the free proclamation of the gospel, for faithful Prediger and Kerckendener, for the government and for other common and personal needs. After the sermon is sung "Erholt uns here bi dinem worde" or another German psalm of David according to the time, with the collect "Here godt, giff frede in dinem lande, gelucke und heil to allem stande. Latet uns beden: O here godt, hemmelsche vader, die du hilligen moeth guden radt unde rechte werke schaffest...." Then the Priester stands in the usual mass vestments before the altar on which stand the paten, chalice, bread and wine, and burning Wachslichte, and he reads the exhortation on the sacrament, which is found in a special book. Then he sings the Vader Unse to the usual melody: "Latet uns beden, alse uns Jesus Christus, unse here, sulvest hefft geleret to seggende: Vader unse...." Then the Verba. During the communion the people sing "Jesus Christus unser heiland" or "Gadt si gelavet" or "O lam gades unschuldig." The Thanksgiving collect is read, then the Benediction. Then the people sing "Verlene uns frede" or "Godt de vader wane uns bi" or "Si loff und dank mit hohen preiss." This order is to be used in the churches of Oldenwolde, Groden and Steinmarne in the same way.
On Easter, Christmas, Pentecost and Easter ("Paschen, Pingsten, Winachten, Ostern") the Gesenge are used from Martin Luther's psalter, and on these festivals the Prefaces in German are used. (p. 558) There is also an afternoon service on these days, singing hymns and psalms and the Magnificat in German, and if there are scholars Latin may be sung.
The Missa dominicalis is held from John the Baptist until Christmas. The Missa paschalis is used until Pentecost. The Missa pentecostes is used until John the Baptist. The Missa nativitatis domini is used until Purification, then the Missa dominicalis is used until Easter. On Easter, Pentecost, Christmas and Easter the Latin Introits may be used with the Kyrie and Gloria; that is, Victimae paschali, Puer natus and Veni creator spiritus. If no one understands Latin, a psalm or hymn of praise d.f. is sung in German.
On festivals and Sundays when there are no communicants "O godt, wi loven di" is sung at the beginning, then the Kyrie, Collect, Epistle, Gospel, sermon, "Erhalt uns herre," Collects, Benediction. On apostles' days is sung: Te deum in German, Collects, Epistle, Gospel and Apostles' Creed, sermon, psalm in German related to the Gospel or another psalm d.t.
Holy days ("virdage"): Sundays, two days after Christmas, New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, 2 days after Easter, Ascension, 2 days after Pentecost, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis (all whole days). Half days are all apostles' days, Tuesday in Easter week, Pentecost [!], Mary Magdalene, Conversion of Paul, All Saints. For the propers the reader is directed to the practice in Hamburg.
The six parts of the catechism are read word for word on Sundays before the Gospel is read and preached upon. In the afternoon sermon on Sundays a part of the catechism is preached upon. (p. 559) Rostock [ca. 1560–76] s [3/9/95] - semiofficial
Conformitas ceremoniarum, in singulis templis ecclesiae Rostochiensis. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 5:288–91.
Notes from Sehling.
Sunday early: rung at 4:00, service begun at 5:00 with not more than three or four psalms, including the Glaube. Then the deacon gets up and recites the Catechism and the Confession ("Beicht"), then the sermon on the catechism, then he reads the Gospel for the Sunday, then the sermon, then a psalm, all to last not more than an hour. The psalm after the sermon is begun by the Diener Christi and accompanied by the boys, who arrive in the church at the end of the sermon.
Mittelpredigt: when the psalm from the early service is finished the Te Deum is sung in German, with the organist playing in it ("sol der organist drein schlahen"), and psalms are sung until 7:00, closing with the Benedicamus Domino. At 7:00 the Introit d.t. is sung or a German psalm in its place. The psalter of Lucas Lossius is recommended. After the Introit the Kyrie is sung and played. The Gloria is sung by a Prediger, then the organist plays and the choir sings "Allein Gott" or "In terra pax." Then the salutation and collect d.t., then the Epistle, Sequence or other psalm (with the organist playing), Salutation, Gospel, Credo (German or Latin, with the organist playing), then "Wir gleuben." At 8:00 the Pastor ascends, has a prayer, reads the Gospel and preaches the sermon, not to last more than an hour. After the closing prayer the Pastor begins a psalm based on the Gospel. Then the Prediger sings the Preface. Then the choir sings the Sanctus in German or Latin or the song "Esaias dem propheten." If there are many communicants the Preface is omitted. Then the exhortation to communicants is read. Then the Diener sings the Vater Unser and the Words of Consecration. Then the organ plays and the people sing "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland," and if there are many communicants, "Gott sei gelobet" und "Helf Gott, das mirs gelinge" as well while the people commune. After the communion the Diener turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sei mit euch," then the Collect and Blessing. Then the people sing "Sei lob" or "Verleihe." (p. 288)
Afternoon sermon: rung at St. Mary's and St. Catharine's at 11:00. The people sing psalms until 12:00. The sermon begins at 12:00 and shall not last more than an hour. At St. Mary's the catechism is the text; at St. Catharine's the Gospel for the day. After the prayer and sermon a psalm is sung.
In the Pfarrkirchen the order is as follows: the Cantor comes into the Chor with the boys an hour before the sermon. They first sing "Veni sancte spiritus," then the antiphon and the psalm "Dixit dominus" or "Laudate pueri" or another. Then the Epistle is read by a boy in Latin, then the Responsory is sung, then the Epistle is read by a boy to the people in German, then the Hymnus d.t. and an antiphon, then the Magnificat in German (occasionally in Latin), with the organist playing. If there is time left over German psalms are sung. Then the sermon on the Epistle, which is not to last more than an hour. Then a psalm related to the Epistle, then the Nunc dimittis in German, then the Benedicimus [!]. The Schulmeister and Cantors are to ensure that only one melody is sung for a hymn. If there are dead to be buried the hymn d.t. is not sung at Vespers.
"Von den hohen festen": on Christmas 3 or 4 psalms are sung before 5:00, and at 5:00 the Prediger reads the nativity story and preaches not more than an hour, all three days. Similarly on Easter. The various festivals are: Christmas, New Year and Epiphany, Easter, Pentecost, Trinity, Michaelis, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation. On all these festivals after the early sermon, the prayer and sung psalm the service is held as on other days, except that "man sol cantu figurali und psalmos de tempore singen, dazu das responsorium." Then the sermon on the Gospel, the prayer, the Preface d.t., etc. Vespers is held as usual, except that figural music is done and the Gesenge d.t. are retained (?), then the sermon on the Epistle and prayer, a psalm d.t., and the Magnificat in German, "in which" the organist plays.
Lent: on the day before Lent the sermon is on drunkenness, from Isaiah 5. On the first day of Lent the passion history is read in all churches. (p. 289) On Maundy Thursday communion is held, and Vespers in the afternoon. On Good Friday the passion history is read from 5:00 to 6:00. Then is sung until 7:00 and the office ("officium") is held; from 7:00 to 9:00 is the sermon, followed by communion. At 12:00 is another sermon. Then Vespers and a sermon on the burial of Christ, closing with a psalm.
Apostles' days: the Cantor is with the boys in the choir at 7:00, beginning with "Veni sancte spiritus," then a Latin psalm, then the responsory for the apostle, then a boy reads the Gospel in German, then the Benedictus is sung in Latin or German, also psalms and the Glaube, then the sermon at 8:00, with the Gospel read after the prayer, then the sermon proper, then the Litany is sung, the collect is read, and "Erhalt uns Herr" is sung. If the apostle's day falls on a Sunday, the Sunday propers are used in the morning, and the Gospel for the feast is used in the afternoon in place of the Epistle. If it falls on a weekday, the Vespers is sung without a sermon, as on the previous day.
Weekdays: the small bell is rung an hour before the 7:00 or 8:00 sermon. After the bell the cantor and boys sing "Veni sancte spiritus," then a Latin psalm and reading of a chapter from the New Testament. Then the Responsory and Benedictus or Te Deum. If there is still time (before the sermon) German psalms are sung. A half hour before the sermon the Burgerglocke stops and the small bell is rung. There is a service all six days of the week, but at different churches. After the sermon a psalm or the Litany is sung, then the Collect is read and "Erhalt uns Herr" is sung.
Hymns given for funerals: Si bona suscepimus; Media vita; Scio quod redemptor meus; Mit fried und freud; Aus tiefer Not; Erbarm dich meiner; Nu last uns den leib begraben. (p. 290)
Rothenberg 1618 s [10/9/95] - official
Christliche vereinigung, derer diener göttliches worts in der löblichen herrschaft Rotenberg, wie es forthin mit den kirchen- und anderen actibus, die ihnen ampts halber zu verrichten obligen, soll gehalten werden. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 13:547–57.
Notes from Sehling.
Sundays and holy days: after the third bell "Kom, Gott schöpfer, Heiliger Geist" or "Nun bitten wir" is sung, then a psalm related to the Epistle, then the Morning Blessing is prayed (as in the catechism), then the Epistle with the summary or brief explanation and following brief prayer. Then a psalm is sung pertaining to the Gospel. Then a chapter from the Old Testament is read with the summary (lect. cont.) (p. 547); on high feasts the chapter or lesson d.f. is read. Then two schoolboys recite the six chief parts. Four times a year the Haustafel is recited in place of the catechism. A Beicht is given, but it is unclear whether it is to be read (there is no direction to do so). Then the Glaube is sung on Sundays and the German Apostles' Creed ("Ich glaub in Gott Vater, allmechtigen") on other holy days. Then the Gospel is read from the pulpit and the sermon preached, ending with the common prayer. Every other Sunday the German Litany is prayed for the people, who follow it silently in their hearts. If there are communicants they are also prayed for. Then a brief psalm pertaining to the sermon is sung or one or two stanzas from a longer one. When the Litany is prayed, "Erhalt uns, Herr," "Gib unserer christlichen obrigkeit frid, schutz, guets, regiment" and "Verleihe uns friden" may be sung after it. The exhortation to communicants of Luther is read (follows) (p. 549) or the one from Veit Dietrich's agenda. Then the Words of Institution, the Vater Unser and the giving of peace are sung or read. Then "O lamb Gottes unschuldig" or "O du lamb Gottes, das du tregst die sünde der welt" is sung. During the communion appropriate psalms and hymns are sung. After communion "Gott sei gelobet" is sung, then the Thanksgiving and Blessing. If there are no communicants, after the sermon and hymn the prayer pertaining to the Gospel or another prayer is read and the blessing is given. (p. 550)
Rothenburg/Tauber 1559 (Rotenburg uf der Tauber: Albrecht Gros, 1559) s [11/3/95] - official
Ordnung der Kirchen in eines Erbarn Raths der Stat Rothenburg uf der Tauber Oberkeit und gebiet gelegen. Cited in Graff 1:54. Graff: dependent on Württemberg, and in the liturgical section on Brandenburg-Nürnberg, especially on Veit Dietrich's Agendbüchlein. REPRINT: Sehling 11:566–97.
Notes from Sehling.
Communion: the text from Dietrich's Agendbüchlein of 1545 is repeated word for word, except that a specific hymn is not specified for the communion; rather, the order specifies "ein teutschen gesang vom abentmal." (p. 586)
The form for common prayer and litany follows (p. 587–88).
The sections on Kirchengesang and vestments are taken almost word for word from Württemberg 1553: a service in Latin is not good, but certain parts may remain in Latin for the sake of the scholars, in particular the Gesang de tempore.
Holy days: New Year's or Circumcision, Epiphany (p. 589), Purification, Matthias, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), Philip and James, Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul, Visitation, James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Andrew, Thomas, Christmas, Stephen, John the Evangelist. Sermon topics are then specified for the various seasons. (p. 590)
First Vespers in cities: as is customary, with the usual antiphons, psalms, responsories and collects, (p. 591) except that if there are communicants a brief exhortation or sermon is read in place of the usual lesson. This must not be too long, so that the communicants may be heard [i.e., in private confession]. If there are no communicants, the lesson is read with the summary of Dietrich.
Early sermon on Sundays and holy days: held at daybreak in winter and at 1:OO (Great Time; i.e., one hour after sunrise) in summer, with a brief sermon with the prayer for all sorts and conditions, closing with a psalm or brief prayer.
Sundays and holy days in the parish church: before the meal the Litany is sung as usual. If there are communicants, the service is held as outlined above (i.e., in the Agendbüchlein). Otherwise it is held as on other holy days with the sermon, prayer, singing and reading. After the meal there is a sermon on the Epistle. Vespers is held as is customary, beginning with the "Deus in adiutorium," then a German psalm sung by the scholars in both choirs alternating verses, then on holy days, when many young people come to church, German Gesang is used so that the entire congregation may learn to sing along. Then a section of the Brandenburg catechism (see pp. 206–79 of this volume) is read to the young people with its explanation. Then the children recite the chief parts in question and answer format. Then the Magnificat in German, then "Dominus vobiscum" with the collect in German, then "Erhalt uns, Herr" with the versicle and collect for peace, closing with the Benedicamus and Blessing. The service at the Spital is held as in the parish church. (p. 592)
Weekdays in cities: mornings at daybreak in winter and at 1:00 (Great Time) in summer the Caplän begins with the "Deus in adiutorium," then he chants "Veni Sancte Spiritus," and both choirs sing alternating verses of a Latin psalm, then both choirs "gegen einander" sing the rest of the "Veni Sancte." Then the Caplan reads the common prayer, closing with the Vater Unser. Then he reads a chapter, or 1–3 paragraphs according to the summary, from an epistle with the summary of Dietrich. Then the choir sings a German psalm, then the Caplan reads a chapter or several paragraphs from a gospel with the summary. Then a German psalm, a collect, "Erhalt uns, Herr," German collect and Blessing. On Friday the Tenebrae with the verse "Herr, handel nicht" is sung in place of the German psalms. Then a collect on the Passion of the Lord, as is customary in the parish church. (References to sources for the Tenebrae are given in a footnote.) This order is held daily in the parish church at the same hour Hochampt was held under the papacy. In the evening Vespers is held every day as usual in the parish church with the Latin psalms, responsories, antiphons, hymni and German lessons and Gesang.
Sermons on weekdays: held at the usual time with German Gesang. (p. 593) Not to last more than a half hour or forty-five minutes.
"Uf dem land": in the past there has been little conformity in these services from place to place, resulting in great annoyance among the people, and in some places the catechism instruction has not been held at all. Therefore the following order is to be followed: Vespers is held on Saturdays, with the Pfarrherr first having a German psalm sung. Then he reads a chapter from the Old or New Testament (lect. cont.) with the summary of Dietrich, then a German psalm is sung, closing with a collect and the Blessing. If there are communicants a brief sermon or exhortation replaces the lesson. The order for Sunday morning is given above. After the Sunday meal a section of the catechism is read with a brief sermon on it geared to the young people. During the week each Pfarrher is to hold a service at a set time, beginning with a German psalm, then the sermon (especially brief), then the Litany is sung by the boys (if there are no boys, it is read to the people), closing with the prayer and Blessing as above in the Litany. (p. 594)
Sachsen (A) 1539 (Wittenberg, 1539) s [7/23/93] - official
Kirchenordnunge zum anffang, fur die Pfarherrn in Hertzog Heinrichs zu Sachsen v. g. h. Fürstenthum. Cited in Graff 1:41. Graff cites only a few editions of this KO.
[Within a compartment: cross in upper left with initials ML (Martin Luther), cross in upper right with initials PM (Philip Melanchthon), male figure at left with initials II (Justus Jonas), harp at right with initials IB (Johann Bugenhagen), male figure at bottom with goat (?) around his neck above a dove carrying an olive branch with initials CC (Caspar Cruciger) between the two, both superimposed on a village scene, 163 @ 116 mm. enclosing 62 @ 48 mm.] K\irch\\en= | ordnunge zum an= | fang/ fur die Pfarher in | Hertzog Hein | richs zu Sach | ôen v. g. h. Fürôten= | thumb. | {M. D. XXXIX.} || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Wittemberg/ durch Hans Lufft/ | 1539.
%Size: 141 @ 91 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: A–D^4 E^4 F^4; $1–3 signed (–A1)
%Fingerprint: 1539 04 - b1 A2 ertzli : b2 F3 /$vn %Preface: `Datum 19 Septembris. Anno Domini 1539. Justus Jonas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutzinger. Fridericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weler." %Music: Verba #2 (F2^b–F3^b)
The text is the same as in the 1540 order printed in Leipzig. But the entire Litany is not printed (just the directions for using it), the wedding service is not expanded with its texts, there is a burial service not in the 1540 edition, and the order for communion begins with the exhortation: although the prior part is specified in the order, the music and specific order of service are not printed here. The option to chant the Our Father (instead of using the paraphrase) is given in the order, but does not appear in the musical section. There is also no list of holy days to be observed.
Sachsen (A) 1539 (Wittenberg, 1539) s [7/13/93] - official
Unterricht der Visitatorn. Luther wrote the preface, and he refers to himself by name on f. E3^a. Used at: Wolfenbüttel: S 192.4º Helmst. (4).
[Within a compartment: cross in upper left with initials ML (Martin Luther), cross in upper right with initials PM (Philip Melanchthon), male figure at left with initials II (Justus Jonas), harp at right with initials IB (Johann Bugenhagen), male figure at bottom with goat (?) around his neck above a dove carrying an olive branch with initials CC (?) between the two, both superimposed on a village scene, 163 @ 116 mm. enclosing 61 @ 47 mm.] V\nter= | richt der Viôitatorn/ | an die Pfarhern in | Hertzog | Heinrichs | zu Sachôen Für | ôtenthum. | Wittemberg. | {M. D. XXXIX.} || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu W\it= | temberg durch\\ | H\ans L\ufft. | M. D. XXXIX.
%Size: 134 @ 90 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–J^4 K^6; $1–3 signed (–A1 +K4) %Pagination: 42 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1539 04 - b1 A2 lten$ : b2 K5 $dadu %Preface: 2 prefaces by Martin Luther, one for this revised edition, both undated. %Music: none f. E3^a - on the distinction between Pfarrer and Prediger: no one should be communed unless the Pfarher knows he understands the sacrament. "Denn ob der Pfarher selbs oder Prediger, so teglich damit vmbgehen, on beicht oder verhöre, zum Sacrament gehen wil, sol jm hiemit nichts verboten sein." Luther (who refers to himself by name in this paragraph) goes on to explain that he is not forcing confession on people: if they have been properly instructed, they may commune even if they have not gone to confession immediately before.
"Von teglicher vbung in der Kirchen" - each day the service should begin with three psalms sung in Latin or German. On days when there is no sermon a Prediger may read a lesson from the New Testament (f. H4^a). The person reading the lesson should exhort the congregation to say an Our Father for the common need, that God protect and govern us. Then the entire church may sing a German hymn, then the Prediger reads a collect.
The evening service may start with three Vesper psalms in Latin (not German, so that the Schüler accustom themselves to the language). Then pure antiphons, hymns and responsories. Then a lesson in German from the Old Testament. Then a Vater Unser. Then is sung the Magnificat, the Te Deum, the Benedictus, the Quicunque vult saluus esse or a pure Preces. Then the entire church sings a German Gesang, then the Priester reads the collects. In small towns where there is no choir it is not necessary that there be singing every day, but it would be good if there were singing whenever there is a sermon. A sermon should be held on Wednesdays and Fridays. (f. H4^b)
Festivals: Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension and Pentecost; also others customarily held in a congregation. There should be sermons on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday as well. (f. J2^a) It would be good if on the chief festivals the Latin Introit, Gloria in excelsis Deo, Halleluia, the pure Sequence, the Sanctus and the Agnus Dei were sung. Otherwise on Sundays each parish may do as it has been accustomed, although it would be good if there were an exhortation to the sacrament. (f. J2^b) f. K1^a - Luther uses the passage from 1 Timothy on qualifications for bishops to support his belief that a Prediger should be well educated.
Sachsen (A) 1540 (Leipzig, 1540) s [12/30/92; 2/18/93] - official
Agenda- das ist, Kyrchenordnung, wie sich die Pfarrherrn vnd Seelsorger in jren Ampten vn[d] Diensten halten sollen.
{AGENDA-} | Das iôt/ | Kyrch\enordnung/ wie | ôich die Pfarrherrn vnd Seelôorger in | jren Ampten vn~ dienôten halten ôollen/ | Fur die Diener der Kyrchen in | Hertzog Heinrichen | zu Sachôôen V. G. H. | Fürôtenthumb | geôtel= | let. | * | Gedruckt zu Leipzig/ | durch | Nicolaum Wolrab. | [short rule] | M. D. XL. %Size: 139 @ 100 mm. (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: A–R^4 S^2(S2+1); $1–3 signed (–A1); M2 N1 O2–3 P1–3 roman %Pagination: 71 leaves: ff. [{6}] I–LXIIII [{1}] %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–B2^b preface, B3^a–é1^a text, é1^b table of contents %Fingerprint: 1540 04 - b1 A2 ur$ : b2 S2 egrebni %Preface: `Datum 19. Septembris. Anno Domini 1.5.39. Justus Jonas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Fridericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber" %Music: Kyrie (M2^a), two Epistle tones with examples (M2^a–M4^b), two Gospel tones with examples (N1^a–O1^a), 7 Prefaces (O1^b–P4^b), Verba #2 (Q2^a–Q3^a), Verba #5 (Q3^a–Q3^b), Our Father #2 (Q4^a–Q4^b), Verba #1 (Q4^b–R1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (R1^b)
"Kyrchenordnung in Stedten, vnd wo man Schulen hat" (f. 22^a–24^b)
Saturdays and [the day before] other feasts: the afternoon Vespers is held at the usual time. The Schüler sing one, two or three psalms with the antiphon from the next day, then a responsory or hymn (if available). Then a boy reads a lesson from the New Testament. Then the Magnificat is sung with an antiphon from the following day, then a collect and the Benedicamus. Those wishing to commune the next day remain. (f. 22^a)
Sunday Matins: the Schüler sing one, two or three psalms with the antiphon for the day, then a lesson from the Old Testament, then the Benedictus with an antiphon from the day, then a collect. If desired, the congregation may also sing the German Te deum. (f. 22^b)
Communion: the Schüler sing the Introit for the day, then the Kyrie, Gloria and Et in terra in Latin, then follows the collect in German or Latin, then the Epistle in German (f. 22^b), then a sequence, German psalm or other spiritual song, then the Gospel read in German, then the Credo and the Latin Patrem, then the Glaube sung in German ("Wir glauben all"), then the Predigt on the Gospel, then the paraphrase of the Vater Unser is read to the people with the exhortation to the sacrament, then the Words of Institution are sung in German, then the people sing "Jhesus Christus vnser Heiland" or "Gott sey gelobet." Occasionally the paraphrase and exhortation may be omitted and the Latin preface sung in its place, then the Latin Sanctus (f. 23^a), then the Vater Vnser, then the Words of Institution in German are sung to the melody at the end of the book, then during the distribution the Agnus Dei in Latin may be sung, with the hymn "Jhesus Christus." Psalm 111 ("Ich dancke dem Herrn von gantzem hertzen") may be sung as well if there are enough communicants. After the communion the collect is read, then the Benediction.
Vespers: first is sung as on Saturday, then when Vespers is over, a part of the catechism is explained (f. 23^b).
Weekdays: if Schüler are available, begin as on Sunday Matins with singing. Then the Predigt, then the people sing a German psalm or other geistliche Gesang, "nach gelegenheit viel oder wenig." Vespers is held every day, "damit die Knaben im Psalter vnd der Heiligen Schrifft geübt werden." (f. 24^a) "Auch mag man je zuzeiten, was feine reine Responsoria vn[d] Hymni sein, singen lassen, Daraus die jugent sehen kan, was die Heilige Kyrche je vnd je fur den rechten Glauben bekant, vnd gehalten hat." If there are no communicants on a Sunday a responsory is sung instead of the Introit, then a German psalm or geistlich Lied or two, then the Glaube, then the sermon on the Gospel, then another psalm or hymn, collect and Benediction. (f. 24^b).
Kyrchenordnung auff den Dörffern (f. 25^a–26^a). On Saturdays the service begins at a convenient time. Appropriate German psalms or hymns are sung, and the service is closed with the prayer. Then the [private] confession. Communion: first a psalm or hymn (for the Introit), then a German collect, then the Epistle is sung in German. (f. 25^a) Then another German psalm or hymn is sung, then the Gospel in German [note: here the word "lesen" is used, but if the Epistle is sung, then the Gospel must be, too], then the Glaube, then the sermon on the Gospel, then the paraphrase of the Vater Unser with the exhortation, then the Words of Institution sung in German, then the people sing during the distribution "Jhesus Christus vnser Heiland" or "Gott sey gelobet" or the German Sanctus "Jesaia dem Propheten," then the German collect and Benediction. If there are no communicants, the people sing a psalm or hymn or two (f. 25^b), then the Gospel in German, then the Glaube is sung, then the sermon, then another psalm or hymn is sung, then a collect and the Benediction. If Vespers is held, they are begun with a German or Latin psalm or two sung by the people. Then a lesson, the German Magnificat, and a collect and Benediction. (f. 26^a) f. 26^b–30^b - the Litany and other prayers. The Litany is done in the cities on Wednesdays and Fridays after the sermon and in the villages on the second Sunday. The people should be exhorted that they are not to leave before the end of the Litany. (f. 26^b)
Holy days (f. 37^b–39^a): Christmas (3 days), Circumcision, Epiphany (Offenbarung, also Tauffe Christi), Purification (offering of Christ in the temple), Annunciation, Cene Domini (Grün Donnerstag), Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost [1 day?], Trinity; also St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis; the apostles' days may be observed as well (half day each, or they may be moved to the nearest Sunday afternoon or evening, ditto with Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene, Beheading of St. John, St. Stephen, etc.).
"Ordnung vnd Form des Gesangs zum Ampt der Communion, Beide auff die Festa, vnd Gemeinen Sontage" (f. 39^b–60^b) - Introit de Tempore vel Festo, Kyrie de Tempore vel Festo (on ordinary Sundays and in villages it may be sung simply threefold—see notes, p. 10) (f. 39^b). Then the Gloria with the Et in Terra, as it has commonly been sung. Then the Epistle to one of the following melodies (not copied, an example is also given). (f. 40^a) The Gospel is sung in the same way (for melody, see notes, p. 10). Next the Latin Patrem is sung and the German Wir glauben. After the sermon the Latin Preface may be sung (to the tone given, the usual). (f. 47^b) Tones given for Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity, Quotidiana (i.e., other days). Then the paraphrase of the Vater Unser with the exhortation (f. 55^a). Then the Words of Institution to either of two tones (f. 56^a–57^a) (p. 14 of notes) (f. 57^a). Instead of the paraphrase and exhortation, the Vater Unser and Words of Institution may be sung to the same tone, as follows (not copied) (f. 57^b). On festivals and when there are many communicants, the Latin Agnus Dei may be sung, or German hymns such as "Jhesus Christus vnser Heiland," or the German Sanctus, "Esaia dem Propheten," or the psalm "Ich dancke dem Herren von gantzem hertzen," closing with the German Agnus Dei (f. 59^a–59^b). Then a collect is read (f. 60^a) and the Benediction. The congregation may then sing "Got sey Gelobet vnd Gebenedeiet" and then go home (f. 60^b).
Sachsen (A) 1545 s [11/20/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:291–304.
Notes from Sehling.
Sehling calls this order (actually a set of three orders: a consitorial order, a marriage order and an agenda) "die Cellischen Ordnungen." Duke Moritz, Georg von Anhalt, the members of the Consistories of Merseburg and Meissen and various learned men met at Kloster Altenzelle over Christmas 1544 and drafted the orders. (p. 97) Georg was quite reactionary in liturgical matters, but there was considerable opposition to this among the others. (p. 100) Note that no actual "agenda," referred to below, has been found. (p. 101)
Confession: No one is allowed to the sacrament without having first gone to confession in the parish church.
Saturdays: Vespers is sung at the usual time, with five psalms in Latin, then the Hymnus and responsory d.f. or d.t. Then a boy reads a Latin lesson from the New Testament, then the Diacon reads the same lesson in German, then the Magnificat in Latin, then the antiphon is repeated, closing with a collect and Benediction. Then confession.
Sunday early: Matins is sung as in the agenda, then the Athanasian Creed, all according to the agenda. One hour before Matins a single pulse is given on a bell so that the people wake up and get ready for church.
Mass: everything is done according to the agenda, except that the Epistle is not sung as heretofore, but spoken. And occasionally in place of the Sequence the German Litany is sung. After the Glaube is sung the sermon starts. The common Beichte is spoken with the absolution after the sermon. At the conclusion of the sermon the Prediger is to read to the people a brief paraphase or instruction on how they should pray (looks like a paraphase of the Vater Unser). After this a Latin Gesang is sung, during which the people kneel, closing the sermon with a Benediction.
After the sermon: First the "Dominus vobiscum" is sung, then these three verses ("Sal man erstlich das dominus vobiscum singen, darnach dise drei versus anheben"): "1 Aufer a nobis domine cunctas iniquitates nostras, ut mereamur puris mentibus introire ad sancta sanctorum. Alleluja. 2 Miserere, miserere, miserere, populo tuo quem redemisti, Christe, sanguine tuo ne in eternum irascaris nobis. Alleluja. 3 Exaudi, exaudi, exaudi, domine, preces nostras o Jesu Christe, intercede pro nobis. Alleluja." These verses take the place of the Offertory, and during them the people kneel. At times a pure Latin Gesang may be sung in their place. After the prayer: When the Gesang and prayer have ended (which all together take barely half of a quarter hour) the "Celebrant" sings the Preface "per omnia secula." Then the Latin Sanctus is sung, then the Priester sings the Vater Unser in German at the altar, the choir answering "sundern erlöse uns von dem ubel." (p. 300)
Consecration: Then the Prister take the paten and lays the particles on it according to the number of communicants, turns to the people [!] and says the Words of Consecration in German. Then he turns to the altar, takes the chalice, turns to the people, and says "Desselben gleichen nam er auch den kelch etc." Then the choir begins "Jesus Christus unser heiland," and the people commune.
Elevation: where the Elevation has been discontinued, it shall remain so; but where it is still in use, it may be tolerated a while longer. But it is considered better and more useful that the priest consecrate facing the people, and that he speak the Verba rather than sing them. However, this is not to be introduced without permission from Moritz, Duke of Saxony, and until the people have been instructed on the matter.
After the communion: The priest (either the Celebrant or another priest) turns around at the altar and exhorts the people to thanksgiving (not the traditional collect: this one closes with the Vater Unser; this collect is not required, but each pastor may substitute his own). Then a brief Latin Gesang is sung, closing with a brief prayer. When the priest has spoken this and exhorted the people to prayer, the choir sings the Latin Agnus Dei once only, during which the people kneel and give thanks. After the Agnus Dei the Priester sings a collect and closes with the Benediction.
Sunday Vespers: held according to the agenda, except that three psalms are sung in German, then the Quicunque vult in German. Then "nach der zeit" a pure antiphon, hymn and responsory, then the Magnificat, then the sermon, then the people are exhorted to prayer, and during the [silent?] prayer the "Auffer a nobis" is sung, as above, closing with a collect and Benedicamus.
Each Sunday at the beginning of the sermon the Prediger reads the Ten Commandments, the Glaube and the Vater Unser while the people kneel. (p. 301) The people speak the sentences after him. He uses the text from Luther's catechism.
During the week: on days when there is a sermon the boys go to church and sing something before the sermon, then the sermon, then the people are exhorted to prayer, and during the prayer the "Aufer" is sung, as above.
Catechism: the catechism is held with the youth two days during the week at Vespers: first the Schüler sing something, then the children recite the catechism.
Vespers during the week: the boys sing Vespers every day, and at times also the Litany.
Where there are no communicants on Sunday: see the agenda.
In villages: see the agenda. Vespers and catechism are held at 12:00.
Holy days: Sundays, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Visitation, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), John the Baptist, Peter and Paul, Mary Magdalene, Michaelis, Christmas, Stephen, John the Evangelist, Conversion of Paul, Beheading of John, all other apostles' days (with sermon in the morning). During Holy Week Passion sermons are held each morning. The people should be diligently reminded why these observances are held; that is, to hear God's Word, not for the pleasures of the body, eating and drinking, playing and other frivolity. ("Es sol aber das volk fleissig erinnert werden, warumb man sölche feier halte, nemblich, gottes wort zu predigen, nicht darumb, das man der unnutzen unmus und wollust des leibes, in essen und trinken, spilen und anderer leichtfertikeit [{sic}] pflegen sölle.") (p. 302)
Sachsen (A) 1548 (Frankfurt/Oder, 1548) s [7/23/93] - official
Agenda, Das ist Kirchenordnung... Für die Diener der Kirchen in Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachsen v. g. h. Fürstenthumb. Cited in Graff 1:41.
[Within a compartment: the saints above, pillars on either sides, with three angels below and a fourth peeking out from behind a pillar, 171 @ 123 mm. enclosing 85 @ 71 mm.] {AGENDA} | Das iôt/ | Kirchenordnung/ wie ôich | die Pfarrherrn vnd Seelôor= | ger in jren Ampten vnd | dienôten halten ôollen/ Für die | Diener der Kirchen in | Hertzog Heinrichen | zu Sachôen V. G. H. | Fürôtenthumb | geôtel= | let. | [red rule] | {M. D. XLVIII.} || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Franckfurt an der Oder durch Nicolaum Wolrab. %Size: 140 @ 103 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–S^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 S3); M1 N1 O2–3 P1–3 roman %Pagination: 72 leaves: ff. [{6}] I–LXIIII [{2}]
%Fingerprint: 1548 04 - b1 A2 agt/$ : b2 S2 egreb %Preface: `Datum 19. Septembris. Anno Domini. 1539. Justus Jonas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Fridericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Kyrie (M2^a), two Epistle tones with examples (M2^a–M4^b), two Gospel tones with examples (N1^a–O1^a), 7 Prefaces (O1^b–P4^b), Verba #2 (Q2^a–Q3^a), Verba #5 (Q3^a–Q3^b), Our Father #2 (Q4^a–Q4^b), Verba #1 (Q4^b–R1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (R1^b)
Exactly as the 1540 copy printed in Leipzig.
Sachsen (A) 1557 (Dresden, 1557) s [12/5/95] - official - visitation
General Articul vnd gemeiner bericht, wie es in den Kirchen mit den Pfarherrn, Kirchendienern, den Eingepfarten, vnd sonst allenthalb ordentlich, auff Hertzogen Augusten Churfürsten zu Sachsen &c. in jüngst verschienen Fünff vnd Sechs vnd funfftzigsten Jharen, verordente vnd beschehene Visitation, gehalten werden soll.
No agenda.
Books to be kept in every church: Luther's translation of the Bible, the Augsburg Confession, the 1540 edition of Herzog Heinrich's agenda, and the Loci Communes of Melanchthon in German and Latin. (Richter, p. 179)
Sachsen (A) 1558 (Dresden, 1558) s [7/8/93] - official
Agenda. Das ist, Kirchenordnung... in Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachsen V. G. H. Fürstenthumb gestellet. Auffs new gebessert mit etzlichen Collecten der Superintendenten etc.
%Size: 127 @ 91 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4, a^4 (–A1 B3); $1–3 signed; Q1–3 R1–3 roman %Pagination: 96 leaves: ff. [{7}] {I} II–XXXV {XXXVI} XXXVII–LXXXVII [{1}]
%Fingerprint: 1558 04 - b1 A2 nnen$ : b2 Z3 uben/$ - c1 a1 fflö : c2 a3 nd$a %Preface: `Datum. 19. Septembris Anno Domini 1539. Justus Jonas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Fridericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Kyrie (O1^b), Epistle tones with examples (O1^b–O4^a), Gospel tones with examples (O4^b–P4^b), 7 Latin Prefaces (Q1^a–R4^a), Verba #2 (S2^a–S2^b), Verba #5 (S3^a–S3^b), Our Father #2 (S4^a–S4^b), Verba #1 (S4^b–T1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (T1^b) Liturgical prescriptions the same as in Sachsen 1540. I want only to make it clear that the alternate form of the Vater Unser referred to in the notes for Sachsen 1540 is sung to the same tone as the Vater Unser on p. 4 of the Notenheft.
Sachsen (A) 1564 (Leipzig, 1564) s [7/23/93] - official
Agenda. Das ist, Kirchenordnung... in Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachsen V. G. H. Fürstenthumb gestellet. Auffs new gebessert mit etzlichen Collecten der Superintendenten etc.
{AGENDA.} | Das iôt/ | K\irch\\enordn~ung\/ wie | ôich die Pfarrherrn vnd Seelôorger in | jren Ampten vnd dienôten halten ôollen/ | für die Diener der Kirchen in | Hertzog Heinrichen zu | Sachôôen V. G. H. | Fürôtenthumb | geôtellet. | Auffs new gebeôôert mit etzlichen | Collecten der Superinten= | denten/ etc. | Gedruckt zu Leipzig/ durch | Hans Rhambaw. | [rule] | M. D. {LXIIII.}
%Size: 130 @ 101 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–T^4 V^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 V2); L2 M1 N2–3 O1–3 roman %Pagination: 78 leaves: ff. [{5}] I–LXXII [{1}]; f. I numbered on verso
%Fingerprint: 1564 04 - b1 A2 tes$ : b2 V h %Preface: `Datum 19. Septembris, Anno Domini 1536 [{sic}]. Justus Jonas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Fridericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Kyrie (L2^a), two Epistle tones with examples (L2^a–L4^b), two Gospel tones with examples (M1^a–N1^a), 7 Prefaces (N1^b–O4^b), Verba #2 (P2^a–P3^a), Verba #5 (P3^a–P3^b), Our Father #2 (P4^a–P4^b), Verba #1 (P4^b–Q1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (Q1^b)
A reprint of the 1540 order printed in Leipzig, with additional collects.
Sachsen (A) 1577 (1577) s-
[Visitation Ordnung].
Sachsen (A) 1580 (Jena, 1580) s [7/23/93] - official
Agenda. Das ist, Kirchenordnung... in Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachsen V. G. H. Fürstenthumb gestellet. Auffs new gebessert mit etzlichen Collecten der Superintendenten etc. Cited in Graff 1:41.
{AGENDA.} | Das iôt/ | K\irchenordnung/ wie | ôich die Pfarrherrn vnd Seelôorger in | jren Ampten vnd dienôten halten ôollen/ | Für die Diener der Kirchen in | Hertzog Heinrichen zu | Sachôôen V. G. H. | Fürôtenthumb | gestellet. | Auffs new gebeôôert mit etzlichen | Collecten der Superinten= | denten/ etc. | Gedruckt zu Jhena/ durch | Donat Richtzenhan. | [rule] | M. D. {LXXX.}
%Size: 128 @ 99 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–T^4 V^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 V2 +P4); L2 M1 N2–3 O1–3 roman; F3 signed F4 %Pagination: 78 leaves: ff. [{5}] I–LXXII [{1}]; f. I numbered on verso
%Fingerprint: 1580 04 - b1 A2 a$G : b2 V ma %Preface: `Datum 19. Septembris, Anno Domini 1536 [{sic}]. Justus Jonas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Fridericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Kyrie (L2^a), two Epistle tones with examples (L2^a–L4^b), two Gospel tones with examples (M1^a–N1^a), 7 Prefaces (N1^b–O4^b), Verba #2 (P2^a–P3^a), Verba #5 (P3^a–P3^b), Our Father #2 (P4^a–P4^b), Verba #1 (P4^b–Q1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (Q1^b)
A reprint of this order, apparently printed from the 1564 edition printed at Leipzig.
Sachsen (A) 1580 (Leipzig, 1580) s [7/23/93] - official
Des Durchlauchtigsten, Hochgebornen Fürsten vnd Herrn, Herrn Augusten Hertzogen zu Sachsen, des heiligen Römischen Reichs Ertzmarschalln, vnd Churfürsten... Ordnung, wie es in seiner Churf. G. Landen, bey der Kirchen, mit der lehr und Ceremonien, dessgleichen in desselben beyden Uniuersiteten, Consistorien, Fürsten und Particular Schulen, Visitation, Synodis... gehalten werden sol... Cited in Graff 1:41. Half-title on last preliminary leaf: {AGENDA,} | Das iôt/ | K\irchenordnung/ W\ie ôich in | vnôer von Gottes gnaden Auguôten/ H\ertzogen zu | S\ach\ôen/ Churfürôten/ etc. vnd Burggraffen zu | M\agdeburg/ Churfürôtenth\umb vnd Landen/ die | Pfarrer vnd Seelôorger/ in jh\ren Amptern | vnd dienôten verh\alten | ôollen. | [circular portrait with text: `{IHESVS CHRISTVS SALVATOR ET REDEMTOR NOSTER,}" 58 @ 58 mm.] | [short rule] | {M. D. LXXX.}. Graff: Kursachsen.
D\E\s D\urchlauchtigôten/ H\och= | gebornen F\ürôten vnd H\errn/ H\errn Auguôten/ | Hertzogen zu Sachôen/ des h\eiligen Römiôchen Reichs Ertzmarôchalln/ | vnd Churfürôten/ Landgraffen in Düringen/ Marggraffen zu Meiôôen/ | vnd Burggraffen zu Magdeburg/ etc. | O\rdnung/ | W\ie es in ôeiner Churf. S. Landen/ bey den Kirchen/ mit | der lehr vnd ceremonien/ deágleichen in derôelben beyden Vniuerôiteten/ Conôi= | ôtorien/ Fürôten vnd Particular Schulen/ Viôitation/ {Synodis,} vnd was | ôolchem allem meh\r anh\anget/ geh\alten werden ôol. | Den innh\alt dieôer ordnung/ wirdt der Ch\riôtliche Leôer gleich | nach der Vorrede verzeichnet finden. | [coat of arms, 120 @ 100 mm., with the text `{SACHSEN. VND CHVRFVRST. ETC. V. G. H. AVGVSTVS HERTZOG. ZV.}" and the date `1580" divided in half by the emblem] | Leipzig. | {Cum priuilegio Electoris Saxoni‘.} || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu L\eipzig/ bey | H\ans S\teinman. | {ANNO,} | [rule] | {M. D. LXXX.}
%Size: 230 @ 138 mm. ()(4^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s: )(^6 [*see inside back cover of notes for this symbol]^6 A–2O^6; $1–4 signed (–)(1–2 G4 2O4); 2N1–2 roman %Pagination: 234 leaves: pp. [{30}] I–LXXIII {LXXIIII} LXXV–CCCLXI {CCCLXII} CCCLXIII {CCCLXIIII} CCCLXV–CCCLXVII {CCCLXVIII} CCCLXIX–CCCCXXXIII [{5}] %Fingerprint: 1580 02 - a1 )(3 /$jäm : a2 [*see note] ôôion/$k - b1 A $ : b2 2O3 $vnd$zu$ %Preface: `VOn Gottes gnaden wir Augustus, Hertzog zu Sachsen, des heiligen Römischen Reichs Ertzmarschall, vnd Churfürst, Landgraffe in Düringen, Marggraffe zu Meissen, vnd Burggraffe zu Magdeburg, etc." ... `Datum Annaburg, den ersten Ianuarij, ANNO, 1580." The agenda has a separate preface: `Datum 19. Septembris, ANNO Domini 1539. Iustus Ionas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Kreutziger. Fridericus Myconius. Iustus Menius. Iohannes Vveber." %Music: none
The liturgical prescriptions are mostly the same as in prior editions, but the orders for the cities and villages are combined. Further changes:
Vespers: a Diacon now reads the lesson instead of a boy. According to the small agenda printed this year a boy still reads the lesson.
Matins: no changes.
Communion: in villages only one person is to distribute the elements, consecrating and distributing the bread, then the cup. There is no indication for singing "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" or "Gott sey gelobet." There is no alternate option given for singing the Latin preface and Sanctus on festivals (although it is given in the small agenda printed this year). The hymns during communion are listed as before. The reader is referred to the small agenda printed in quarto for the music to the service.
Vespers: no changes.
Weekday services: not present.
Sachsen (A) 1580 (Dresden, 1580) s-
[Visitation Ordnung].
No agenda.
Sachsen (A) 1600 (Jena, 1600) s [2/23/93] - official
Agenda. Das ist Kirchenordnung, wie sich... Für die Diener der Kirchen in Hertzog Heinrichs zu Sachssen... Fürstenthumb gestellet. Auffs new gebessert...
{AGENDA=} | Das iôt/ | K\irchenordnung/ wie | ôich die Pfarrherrn vnd Seelôorger in | jren Ampten vnd dienôten halten ôollen/ Für die | Diener der Kirchen in Hertzog Heinrichen | zu Sachôôen V. G. H. Fürôten= | thumb geôtellet. | Auffs new gebeôôert mit etzlichen | Collecten der Superinten= | tenden/ etc\. | [ornament, 29 @ 42 mm.] | Gedruckt zu Jehna/ durch Salomon | Richtzenhan/ {Typis Donati Richt=} | {zenhan,} Jm Jahr/ 1600.
%Size: 129 @ 95 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–T^4 V^2; $1–3 signed (–A1 B2 V2 +P4); L2 M1 N2–3 O1–3 roman %Pagination: 78 leaves: ff. [{5}] i–LXXI LXVII [#=72] [{1}] (fol. i, the only one numbered in lowercase, is numbered on the verso) %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–B2^a preface, B2^b–V1^b text, V2^a table of contents, V2^b blank %Fingerprint: 1600 04 - b1 A2 an$ : b2 V h %Preface: `Datum 19. Septembris, Anno Domini 1536. Justus Jonas D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Fridericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Kyrie (L2^a), two Epistle tones with examples (L2^a–L4^b), two Gospel tones with examples (M1^a–N1^a), 7 Prefaces (N1^b–O4^b), Verba #2 (P2^a–P3^a), Verba #5 (P3^a–P3^b), Our Father #2 (P4^a–P4^b), Verba #1 (P4^b–Q1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (Q1^b)
The liturgical prescriptions are in complete agreement with the copy printed in Leipzig in 1540.
Sachsen (A) 1618 (Wittenberg, 1618) r [9/7/93]
Des... Herrn Augusten, Hertzogen zu Sachsen... Ordnung etc... Cited in Graff 1:41. Graff: derived from the Württemberg KO of 1559 and the KO of Herzog Heinrich of 1539.
Reprinted from the 1580 Kirchenordnung, with the same page layout.
Sachsen (A) 1647 (Leipzig, 1647) s [2/23/93] - official
Agenda das ist Kirchenordnung... Für die Diener der Kirchen in Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachsen V. G. H. Fürstenthumb gestellet. Jetzo auffs new aus Churfürst Augusti Kirchenordnung gebessert.
{AGENDA.} | Das iôt: | K\irch\\en O\rdnung/ | W\ie ôich\\ die Pfarrherrn und S\eelôorger | in ihren A\mpten und Dienôten halten | ôollen/ | Für die Diener der Kirchen | Jn | Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachôen/ V. G. H. | Fürôtenthumb geôtellet. | Jetzo auffs new aus | Churfürôt {AUGUSTI} Kirchen= | Ordnung gebeôôert/ | Auch mit etzlichen Collecten der Superin= | perintendenten vermehret. | {Cum Privilegio Elector. Saxon.} | [emblem, 19 @ 66 mm.] | Leipzig/ | Jn Verlegung Henning Groôôen Sel. Erben/ | Gedruckt bey Henning Kölern. | [rule] | {AÚNNO¿ M DC XLVII.} || [{stet:} Superin= | perintendenten] || [Colophon:] Leipzig/ Gedruckt bey Henning Kölern.
%Size: 143 @ 102 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); N2 O1 P2 Q1–3 roman, P3 italic %Pagination: 92 leaves: ff. [{6}] I–IV IV VI–XXI XXI XXII–XXV XXV XXVI–XLVIII XLVIII XLIX–LXXIII LXXIII LXXIV–LXXV LXVI LXXVII–LXXXII [#=86] %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–B2^a preface, B2^b–Z4^a text, Z4^b table of contents %Fingerprint: 1647 04 - b1 A2 und$ : b2 Z3 itte %Preface: `Datum 19. Sept. Ann. 1536. Justus Jonas, D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Friedericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Kyrie (N1^b), two Epistle tones with examples NL2^a–N4^b), two Gospel tones with examples (O1^a–P1^b), 7 Prefaces (P1^b–Q4^b), Verba #2 (R2^a–R2^b), Verba #5 (R3^a–R3^b), Our Father #2 (R4^a), Verba #1 (R4^b–S1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (S1^b)
The ceremonies are identical to those in the Leipzig 1540 printing.
Sachsen (A) 1658 (Leipzig, 1658) s [2/23/93] - official
Agenda, D. i.: Kirchen Ordnung... Jn Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachsen... Jetzo auffs neu aus Churfürst Augusti Kirchen-Ordnung gebessert.
{AGENDA,} | Das iôt: | K\irch\\en O\rdnung/ | W\ie ôich\\ die Pfarrh\er#rn und S\eelôor= | ger in ihren Ampten und Dienôten halten | ôollen/ | Für die Diener der Kirchen | Jn | H\ertzog H\einrichen zu S\achôen/ V. G. H\. | Fürôtenthumb geôtellet. | Jetzo auffs neu aus | Churfürôt {AUGUSTI} Kirchen=Ordnung | gebeôôert/ | Auch mit etzlichen Collecten der Superin= | tendenten vermehret. | {Cum Privilegio Elector. Saxon.} | [emblem, 19 @ 61 mm.] | Leipzig/ | Jn Verlegung Friederich Lanckiôchen. | Gedruckt bey Johann Erich Hahn. | [rule] | {AÚNNO¿ M DC LVIII.}
%Size: 141 @ 104 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4; $1–3 signed (–A1); N2 O1 P2 Q1–3 roman, P3 italic %Pagination: 92 leaves: ff. [{6}] 1–22 22 23–25 25 26–48 48 49–74 74 75–82 [#=86] %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–B2^a preface, B2^b–Z4^a text, Z4^b table of contents %Fingerprint: 1658 04 - b1 A2 nd$ : b2 Z3 en %Preface: `Datum 19. Sept. Ann. 1536. Justus Jonas, D. Georgius Spalatinus. Caspar Creutziger. Friedericus Myconius. Justus Menius. Johannes Weber." %Music: Kyrie (N1^b), two Epistle tones with examples NL2^a–N4^b), two Gospel tones with examples (O1^a–P1^b), 7 Prefaces (P1^b–Q4^b), Verba #2 (R2^a–R2^b), Verba #5 (R3^a–R3^b), Our Father #2 (R4^a), Verba #1 (R4^b–S1^a), Christe, du Lamm Gottes (S1^b)
The ceremonies are identical to those in the Leipzig 1540 printing, and the page layout is identical to that in the Leipzig 1647 printing.
Sachsen (A) 1712 (Leipzig, 1712) r [8/11/93]
Agenda, D. i.: Kirchen Ordnung... Jn Hertzog Heinrichen zu Sachsen... Jetzo auffs neu aus Churfürst Augusti Kirchen-Ordnung gebessert.
A reprint of the Leipzig 1540 printing. Sachsen (E) 1528 (Wittenberg, 1528) s [11/20/95] - official
Unterricht der visitatoren an die pfarrherrn im kurfürstenthum zu Sachsen. REPRINT: Richter 1:77–101; Sehling 1:149–74.
Notes from Sehling.
Because many have abolished the old ceremonies, and little is read or sung in the church, the following order is established, especially for places with many people, as in cities and towns.
Every day early in the church three psalms are sung in Latin or German. On days when there is no sermon a Prediger may read a lesson from the New Testament (lect. cont.). Then he should exhort the people to pray a Vater Unser and to pray for the common need and for special needs. Then the entire church may sing a German Gesang, then the Prediger may read a collect.
Evenings it would be good if three vesper psalms were sung in Latin, not German, for the sake of the scholars. Then a pure antiphon, Hymnus and responsory. Then a lesson may be read in German from Genesis, Judges or Kings. Then a Vater Unser. Then may be sung the Magnificat, the Te Deum, the Benedictus the Quicunque vult, or "reine preces," so that the youth remain by the Scripture. Then the entire church may sing a German Gesang, the Priester closing with a collect.
In small towns without scholars it is not necessary to sing every day, but it would be good if something were sung when there is a sermon.
During the week a sermon is to be held Wednesdays and Fridays. On Feiertag there are sermons in the morning and at Vespers: the Gospel in the morning; the Ten Commandments, Creed and Our Father in the afternoon. (p. 168) Marriage, baptism and communion should also be covered in this sermon. The catechism should also be read word for word at the afternoon sermon for the sake of the young and the simple. On Festen, such as Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost or whatever else is observed in a given parish, the afternoon sermon is on the festival. On Sundays we should stay with the order established in each parish, although it would be good if an exhortation on the sacrament were read. No one should be allowed to receive the sacrament without having first been heard and examined. In addition, the many different ways of holding mass should, insofar as possible, be brought into conformity with each other. (p. 169)
Sachsen (E) 1533 s [11/20/95] - official - visitation
Gemeine verordnung und artikel der visitation in Meissen und der Voitlandt den herrschaften, haupt- und amptleuten, schossern, steten und dorfschaften zugestellt. 1533. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 1:226–30; Sehling 1:187–95.
Notes from Sehling.
Mass: is not held unless there are communicants. When there are communicants, in cities and towns where there are schools and people who understand Latin, Latin mass may be held on high feasts, otherwise German mass. In villages where no one understands Latin the German mass is always to be used, as follows: Introit, Gloria, choir sings Et in terra, Collect, Epistle, spiritual Lied, Gospel, "Wir glauben," sermon, Offene Schuld with absolution, prayer for all sorts and conditions, Vater Unser and exhortation to the sacrament, after the sermon "Da pacem," Collect in German, Vater Unser, the Canon is omitted, Verba, distribution (during which is sung the Sanctus in German, "Gott sei gelobet," and perhaps the Agnus Dei), Thanksgiving collect, Blessing from Numbers 6. When Latin mass is held on high feasts, the following are still read in German: Epistle, Gospel, Verba, Vater Unser, Blessing and everything after the sermon.
Vespers: the Schulmeister sings with the scholars a psalm, then a boy reads a piece from the Old Testament, first in Latin, then another boy(?) reads it in German ("der ander deutsch"), then a Hymnus is sung, then the Magnificat and Collect. When on Sundays or other festivals there is a sermon at Vespers, the Magnificat is sung before the sermon. Litany: may be held during Vespers on Sunday or on Saturday at Vespers, and on one day during the week that is easiest for the people to attend.
Weekdays: when there is a sermon one or two Christian Lieder are sung, then the sermon, then intercessory prayers, then another Lied is sung, closing with the Blessing. The ceremonies on weekdays may be held as in the printed Visitation order, especially where there are many Latin scholars. But they should remain simple so that neither preacher nor people are overburdened. (p. 192)
Girls' school: in the afternoon for an hour the children learn the spiritual Lieder that are commonly sung in the church. (p. 194)
Sachsen (E) 1685 (Hildburghausen, 1685) s [9/8/93] - official
Des weyland Durchl. Fürsten... Ernsten Hertzogen zu Sachsen... Ordnungen, Das Kirchen- und Schulwesen betreffende. Cited in Graff 1:43.
Des weyland Durchlauchtigôten Fürôten und | HERRN/ | H\errn E\R\N\S\T\E\N\/ | Hertzogen zu Sachôen/ Jülich/ Cleve und Berg/ Landgrafen in | Thüringen/ Marggrafen zu Meiôôen/ Gefürôteten Grafen zu Henneberg/ | Grafen zu der Marck und Ravensberg/ Herrn zu Ravenôtein/ &c. | Hochôeeligôten Andenckens/ | O\rdnu\ngen/ | Das Kirchen= und Schulweôen betreffende; | Auf Befehl | S\einer F\ü#rôtl. D\urch\\l. H\#rn. S\oh\ns/ | Des auch Durchlauchtigôten Fürôten und HERRN/ | H\errn E\R\N\S\T\E\N\/ | Hertzogen zu Sachôen/ Jülich/ Cleve und Berg/ Landgrafen | in Thüringen/ Marggrafen zu Meiôôen/ Gefürôteten Grafen zu Henne= | berg/ Grafen zu der Marck und Ravensberg/ Herrn | zu Ravenôtein/ &c. | Zuôammen getragen und erneuert herauá gegeben/ | Jn Zweyen Theilen/ | Vor die Kirchen und Schulen in Seiner Fürôtl. Durchl. | Antheil Landes. | [rule] | Hildburghauáen/ | Gedruckt und zu finden bey Samuel Wentzeln/ F. S. Buchdr. 1685.
%Size: 144 @ 105 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: a^4(–a2) b^4, A–4C^4(4C4+1), ^2A–3E^4; $1–3 signed (–a1 b1 2A3 ^2O3 ^2Z3 ^22C2); N2 signed M2; folded leaf inserted after ^22R3 %Pagination: 500 leaves: pp. [{14}] 1–193 134–148 209–572 [{6}] 1–201 {202–203} 204–222 {223–224} 225–255 {256–257} 258–408 (misnumbering ^2324 as 234)
%Fingerprint: 1685 04 - a1 a3 n : a2 b3 u$ôt - 1b1 A d : 1b2 4C3 Confeôôi - 2b1 A ôe : 2b2 3E3 en/$d %Preface: `ES hat der Durchlauchtigste Fürst und Herr, HERR Ernst, Hertzog zu Sachsen, Jülich, Cleve und Berg, Landgraf in Thüringen, Marggraf zu Meissen, Gefürsteter Graf zu Henneberg, Graf zu der Marck und Ravensberg, HERR zu Ravenstein, &c." ... [undated and unsigned] %Music: Our Father #2 (R2^a), Verba #2 (R2^b–R3^a), Verba #1 (S1^a–S1^b), Gloria incipits (4C2^a–4C2^b) Orders of service are summarized in the preface as follows:
Vespers on Saturdays (f. b2^a): a hymn on the Gospel, or on festivals a motet, then teh Gospel with the summary, an exhortation to the penitents, a penitential psalm, Collect with "Der Herr sey mit Euch" etc., "Verleyh uns Frieden" and confession.
Sunday and festival mornings (f. b2^b–b3^a): the choir begins with "Komm Heiliger Geist," then "Kyrie, GOtt Vater" or "O HErr GOtt, Vater in Ewigkeit," but on festivals the Kyrie is done figuraliter where possible, then Pastor: "Gloria in excelsis DEO" or "Ehre sey GOtt in der Höhe," then Chorus: "Allein GOtt in der Höh," then the Collects, Epistle, a hymn on the sermon, optionally preceded by figural music, a chapter from the Bible with the summary, Glaube is sung, then "Ach JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" or "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" or "Komm heiliger Geist, Herre Gott" or figural music on festivals, where possible. Then the sermon, confession and absolution, prayer and intercessions, announcements, pulpit blessing, then optionally "O Lamb GOttes unschuldig," then the communion, during which hymns are sung (and figural music may be performed if there are many communicants), then the versicle prescribed above with the collect, then the blessing, then the hymn "GOtt Vater, GOtt Sohn, GOtt Heiliger Geist."
Sunday and festival afternoons (f. b3^a–b3^b): "Komm heiliger Geist," then a Choral (or figural music, if desired), then a chapter from the Bible with the summary, then the Magnificat or catechism hymn (in alternation, but on festivals a hymn pertaining to the festival), then the sermon, then the prayer "O Du starcker, Gewaltiger, etc.," followed by "O gütiger treuer GOtt, etc." and intercessions, Vater Unser and pulpit blessing, then a part of the catechism with Luther's explanation is recited by the scholars, then a brief hymn pertaining to the sermon or a stanza from a hymn, then the collect and blessing, then "GOtt sey uns gnädig" and the Catechismus-Information [instruction].
Monthly Buá-Tage (f. b3^b): "O HErre GOtt, Vater in Ewigkeit," then a hymn d.t., then the sermon, prayers, intercessions, pulpit blessing, then the great Litany is sung, then collect and blessing, then "Verleyh uns Frieden" or "GOtt sey uns gnädig."
Weekdays (f. b4^a): "O HErr GOtt Vater in Ewigkeit" is sung, then a hymn d.t., then the sermon, then prayers, intercessions, pulpit blessing, then the lesser Litany or "Nim[m] von uns Herr," then the collect and blessing, then "GOtt sey uns gnädig und barmhertzig."
Wednesdays (f. b4^a): "Komm heiliger Geist," then a hymn on the text, then the sermon, then prayer, intercessions and pulpit blessing, then a brief hymn or a few stanzas from a hymn, then the collect and blessing, then "GOTT sey uns gnädig und barmhertzig."
Beth-Stund (f. b4^b): a hymn d.t., then a psalm with the summary, then prayer and intercessions, then one or two stanzas from a hymn or "Verleyh uns Frieden," then the collect and blessing, then "GOTT sey uns gnädig und barmhertzig."
Office of communion: exhortation given (f. Q2^b), then the Vater Unser (f. R2^a) and Verba (f. R2^b), distribution, versicle and collect, blessing.
Sachsen-Coburg 1626 (Coburg, 1626) s [7/22/93] - official
Ordnung Wie es in deá Durchleuchtige[n]... Herrn Johann Casimiri Herzogen zu Sachsen, Julich, Cleve u. Berg... Landen in den Kirchen... gehalten werden solle. Cited in Graff 1:42. Graff: the basis for all Ernestine Saxon orders.
[engraved title page within a compartment:] Ordnung | Wie es in deá Durchleuchtige~ | Hochgebornen F#ürôten vnd Her#rn | Her#rn {JOHANN CA-} | {SIMIRI} Herzogen zu Sachôen/ Gulich/ | Cleve vnd Berg/ Landgraven in Thu#ringen/ | Marggraven zu Meiôôen/ Graven zu der Marck | vnd Ravenáburgk/ Her#rn zu Ravenôtein #&c. | F#ürôtenthumb vnd Landen/ Orts- | Francken vnd Th#üringen/ in den Kirchen/ | mit Lehr, {Ceremonien,} Viôitationen vnd was | ôolchen mehr anh#ängig/ | Dann im F#ürôtlichen Conôistorio/ mit | denen verbotenen {gradibus} in Eheôachen | vnd ôonôten/ auch im F#ürôtlichen Gymnaôio/ | ôo wol Land: vnd {Particular} Schulen/ | gehalten werden ôolle. | [below a bird's-eye view of Coburg containing the text `Die Stadt Coburgk":] Petr: Ilselburg ôculpsit 1626. || [Colophon:] G\edruckt zu Coburgk in der F\ürôtli= | ch\\en D\ruckerey/ durch\\ J\o= | hann F\orckel/ | J\m J\ahr {M. DC. XXVI.}
%Size: 222 @ 136 mm. (b2^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s: ã^2, a–b^6, A–2K^6 2L^4 2M2; $1–4 signed (–a4 2L4 2M2); 2G1–4 2H2 2H4 2I1 2I3–4 2K1–2 roman; 2H1 2H3 2I2 italic; a2 signed b2 %Pagination: 218 leaves: pp. [{28}] 1–404 [{4}] (misnumbering 32 as 24, 245 as 145)
%Fingerprint: 1626 02 - a1 a t : a2 b4 gten$ge - b1 A d : b2 2M men$ %Preface: `VOn Gottes Gnaden, Wir Johann Casimir, Herzog zu Sachsen, Gülich, Cleve vnd Berg, Landgraff zu Thüringen, vnd Marggraff zu Meissen, Graff zu der Marck vnd Ravenspurg, Herr zu Ravenstein" ... `Datum Coburgk den 17. Februarij An. 1626." %Music: Our Father #1 (C4^b), Verba #1 (C5^a), Our Father #1 (C5^b), Verba #1 (C5^b–C6^a); the latter Our Father and Verba use a different clef and black notes instead of white
This is the so-called "Casimiriana." p. 4 - prescribes that the agenda of Herzog Heinrich, "von Herrn D. Luthero seliger verfasset" (and as here revised) be used and not be deviated from.
Comparison with the 1540 order:
Vespers in the cities: the same
Vespers in the villages: specifies that Buá-psalmen and the German Magnificat be sung, followed by a Psalm or chapter read from the New Testament, then a Collect. Because in many villages Vespers has fallen out of use, the Superintendents are to make sure that it is held, especially when there are penitents (who confess after the service). (f. A2^b–A3^a)
The absolution is worth copying (f. B1^a): "DEr Allmächtige Gott vnd Vater unsers HErrn Jesu Christi, wil dir gnedig vnd barmhertzig seyn, vnd wil dir, alle deine Sünde vergeben, vmd des willen, daá sein lieber Sohn Jesus Christus, darfür gelitten hat vnd gestorben ist, vnd im Namen desselbigen, vnsers HErrn Jesu Christi, auff seinen Bevehl, vnd in Krafft seiner Wort, da er saget, Welchen jhr die Sünde erlasset, denen sind sie erlassen, Vnd welchen jhr sie behaltet, denen seynd sie behalten, spreche ich dich aller deiner Sünden frey, ledig vnd loá, daá sie dir allzumahl sollen vergeben seyn, so reichlich vnd vollkommen, als Jesus Christus dasselbige durch sein Leyden vnd Sterben verdienet, vnd durchs Evangelium in aller Welt zu predigen befohlen hat, vnd dieser tröstlichen Zusage, die ich dir jetzt im Namen des HErrn Christi gethan, wollestu dich tröstlich annehmen, dein Gewissen darauff zufrieden stellen, vnnd festiglich glauben, deine Sünde sind dir gewiálich vergeben, im Namen Gottes des Vaters, vnnd des Sohnes, vnd des H. Geistes, Amen, Gehe hin im Friede." Note: this absolution was used for private confession. Matins: first a German hymn is sung, then a sermon on the Epistle, then then Gloria with Collect pro tempore, then the Blessing. (f. B1^a)
Ampts-Predigt in the cities: the Schüler first sing "Veni sancte Spiritus, Komm heiliger Geist," then the Introit, Kyrie, Gloria and Et in terra in Latin or German, then the Collect and Epistle in German, then a German Psalm or other hymn according to the time. The listeners ("Zuhörer") are to be exhorted by the Prediger that they are to sing along on the German hymns. Then the Gospel for the day in German, then the Glaube in German (but on apostles' days the Latin Credo is sung first). Then the sermon. The Gospel is read as commonly done: in Thuringia it has been generally sung from in front of the altar or from the "kleine Cantzel"; in Franken it has been read, not sung. Concerning hymns and organ music: "Gleich wie man nicht billichen noch loben kan, den Miábrauch, welcher im Bapstthumb mit dem Gesang vnnd Orgeln getrieben wird, also kan man auch der jenigen Fürnehmen, nicht loben, welche den Figural Gesang, vnd daá Orgeln, als einen [f. B2^a] Bäpstischen Sawerteig aus der Kirchen allerdings ausmustern: Denn zugeschweigen des Göttlichen Bevehls, daá man GOtt den HErrn mit Psalmen vnd Geistlichen Liedern, in allen Zungen vnd Sprachen, auch mit Jnstrumenten zu loben schuldig, so bezeuget je die Erfahrung, daá durch die figural Music vnd Orgeln, der Prediger vnd Zuhörer Hertz vn[d] Gemüth ermunttert wird, Gott den HErrn desto frölicher zu loben; Jedoch soll in alle wege dahin gesehen werden, daá solche figural Music vnd Orgeln, weder den gemeinen deutschen Gesang der Kirchen, noch den übrigen Gottesdienst mit Predigen vnd bete[n] verhindere, vnd zu lang auffhalte: Darumb dann die figurata Musica, und Orgeln, der Gestalt, zugebrauchen, daá der Organist nicht viel frembde Stück schlage, sondern nach Gelegenheit, eben daá jenige, was die Gemeinde singen soll, daá über eines oder zwey Stück, nach menge der Communicanten, nicht figurirt werden, sondern vielmehr der Gemeindt Zeit gelassen, jhren Gesang, in bekandter Muttersprach mit andacht zuverrichten; daá auch solche Stück georgelt vnd figurirt werden, welche nicht leichtfertig, noch dem Dantz mehr, als zum Gottesdienst bequem, sondern jhre gebührliche Theologische gravitet haben, darzu dann des Orlandi, oder anderer vornehmer unverdächtiger Componisten Stück nützlich erachtet worden." (p. 14–15)
General confession (begins a separate chapter, used if there is communion; as usual only the pastor speaks the confession, which is in the first person singular), then the prayers (also in separate chapters). Then the exhortation to Communion (which contains the Words of Institution). Then the Vater Unser and Verba are sung (p. 32–35). In villages the elements are to be distributed by one person only: the Pfarrer is to consecrate the bread and distribute it immediately, then consecrate the wine and distribute it (p. 35). During the communion (for as long as time requires) the Agnus Dei is sung in Latin, with the German hymns "Esais dem Propheten" and Psalm 111: "Jch dancke dem HErrn von gantzem Hertzen," or "JEsus Christus vnser Heyland" and "Gott sey gelobet." Then either "So offt jhr von diesem Brodt esset, vnd von diesem Kelch trincket." Chorus: "Sollet jhr des HErrn Todt verkündigen biá er kömmet." OR "Der HErr sey mit euch." Chorus: Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then the Collect ("WJr dancken dir Allmächtiger HErr Gott, dasz du vns durch diese heylsame Gaben hast erquicket, vnd bitten deine Barmhertzigkeit, dasz du vns solches gedeyen lassests zu starckem Glauben gegen dir, vnd zu brünstiger Liebe vnter vns allen, durch Jesum Christum, deinen Sohn, vnsern HErren.") and Aaronic Benediction. (p. 36) If there are no communicants, after the sermon comes a Christian motet or German hymn, Collect and Benediction.
Sunday and festival midday: a hymn is sung, then the Pfarrer reads a section of the catechism or Scripture (p. 37), the sermon on the lesson. Then two boys (or girls, where this is customary) recite a section of the catechism "Fragweiá, mit heller deutscher Stimme, vnd fein langsam, ohne Vbereylung." Where it is customary, baptisms, burials and other orders may be held at this point, particularly in the villages. Then a German hymn and Collect.
Holy days: as in 1540. The apostles' days are listed: Andreae, Thomae, Matthiae, Pauli Bekehrung, Philippi vnd Jacobi, Petri vnd Pauli, Jacobi, Batholomaei, Matthaei, Simonis vnd Judae. St. John and St. Stephen are not mentioned, probably because they are subsumed under Christmas. There is no indication that they may be moved to the nearest Sunday, but they are observed only where it is customary. (p. 40) In addition, the Schulfest, or Festum Gregorij, is observed annually; the pastor or superintendent is to design the service, but it includes a procession through the churches, schools and streets, with singing. One of the boys is chosen Bishop for the day (but he is not to ride on a horse, since things can get out of hand). Pretzels ("Bretzel") and sweets ("Zuckerbäumen") are carried in the procession and distributed to the children afterwards in the school. Then the new pupils are greeted. The previous Sunday the pastor is to exhort the parents to send their children, both boys and girls, to school. (p. 40–41)
Weekday services (except Wednesdays): the Cantor or Succentor leads the boys, either an entire class or a few boys from one class rounded out with some from other classes, in singing a German hymn chosen by the Prediger at the beginning of the service, and another after the sermon: "... mit jhnen einen deutschen Gesang auff des Predigers Anordnung, vnd nach der Predigt, noch einen singen..." (p. 41). The singing before the sermon is not to last more than fifteen minutes, and the sermon with both hymns is not to last more than an hour (p. 42). Vespers, where held, is as follows: the Cantor or Succentor sings with the boys "Kom heiliger Geist," "Erhalt vns HErr" etc., then a chapter is read from the Bible with the summary by one of the Diaconorum, then the Gebet pro pace (or another collect), then the Vater Unser kneeling, then "Verleyh vns Frieden" is sung, "auch, wo der Knaben halben, Gelegenheit darzu, das congregati sunt &c. zu Musiciren, wie nicht weniger daá schöne Gebetlein, Nim von vns HErr Gott, &c. kniend vor dem Altar zu singen..." Then the Collect and Blessing. (p. 42)
Saturday Metten (in Coburg called "das Capitel"): first Kom H. Geist is sung in German or Latin, then the Athanasian Creed is sung in German or Latin by two choirs, then a Capitel aus der Bibel nach der Ordnung, with the summary, then the Nicene Creed is sung in German or Latin, then the Collect pro tempore and Blessing.
Wednesday: service as on Sunday with sermon, song and communion, if there are communicants. (p. 42)
On Fridays the Litany is sung by the Schüler, or spoken or sung by the congregation, after the sermon (p. 43). p. 131 - the diaconate was a step to the pastorate. As far as possible, students should not advance from the Hohe or Particular Schule directly into the pastorate ("auff Pfarren gefordert werden") until they have spent time in schools or in the diaconate or otherwise in the preaching office so that they can learn the ceremonies of the church and gain experience. The deacon should be given a pastorate only after the Pfarrer has testified that the deacon has gained the necessary experience both in his preaching and in the discharge of his office (p. 131) in caring for the healthy and sick, and the prisoners. Cities may retain an older, senior deacon who instructs the younger ones. A person with the necessary qualifications who has not served as a deacon may be ordained into the pastorate. (p. 132) p. 162 - margin heading is "Studenten sollen ohne Erlaubnuá vnd vorgehendes Examen nit auff die Cantzel gelassen werden." This section forbids Pfarrer to allow students to preach unless that have a certificate from their preceptor attesting to their qualifications for doing so. p. 179 - communion is to be held every Sunday and holy day, providing there are communicants. The people should be exhorted to commune at least 3 or 4 times a year (p. 178). p. 185 - during the singing of the Litany on Fridays the Schulmeister is to assure that the scholars sing neither too high or too low, so that the congregation may comfortably sing along. p. 323 - regarding the erection of pews in the church: "NAch dem auch eine gemeine Klage einkommen, das hin vnd wider in die Kirchen stüle gebawet, dadurch die Leute verhindert, daá sie weder den Prediger auff der Cantzel, noch zum Altar, wann das hochwürdige Sacrament ausgetheilet wird, sehen können, deágleichen auch offtmals solche Stüle in den gemeinen Sängen auffgerichtet, daá die Leute für denselben nicht wol hin vnd wider gehen können." Therefore no one is to erect pews in church without the consent of the Pfarrer and Kirchväter. These pews are to remain the property of the owner until he or she dies, at which time they revert to the church. The owner's heirs may then be allowed to use the pew upon payment of a reasonable fee; if they do not so inform the church within 30 days the church may sell the pew to another person. These rules apply only to pews erected by private people; pews of nobility, city councilers and others in public office are excluded. (p. 324) p. 395–400 - the Schulordnung for Coburg is printed. Among other things: the pupils are required to take notes in Latin on all sermons in church and present them to the rector. They are to bow their heads whenever the name of Jesus is mentioned. (p. 395) Board, card and dice games are prohibited. School begins at 6:00 in the summer and 7:00 in the winter, and afternoons at 12:00. (p. 396) Scholars are to converse in Latin at all times, whether on the streets, in school or in church, since the practice is valuable. (p. 397) The Cantorey Ordnung is a part of the Schulordnung. Twelve poor boys are to be chosen for the Cantorey. On New Year's 4 or 6 more are added. They rehearse each Wednesday at the school. On the streets the discants process first, then the altos, and so on. (p. 398) They also sing for certain weddings and funerals (p. 399). Order for responsorial singing: the responsories shall be sung slowly and clearly; no one shall sell his Theil oder Viertel nor let another sing in his place; no one shall sing before more or fewer houses than indicated in the Verzeichnis (p. 399). Concerning the "canentium hymnos sacros post Scholam matutinam": there shall be not more than 20 in this group, and no one shall be accepted who has learned to read. Apparently this group serves as a Currende, although I don't follow all the rules (p. 400).
Sachsen-Coburg 1713 (Coburg, 1713) r [7/20/93] - official
Ordnung Wie es in dess Durchl.... Herrn Johann Casimiri Herz zu Sachsen, Julich, Cleve u. Berg... Landen in den Kirchen... gehalten werden solle. Anjetzo... wieder aufgeleget. Cited in Graff 1:42.
Is a reprint of the 1626 order with pagination retained. Only a table of contents and an index have been added. Bound with this order is Ernst Salomon Cyprian's {Kurtzer Bericht von Kirchen-Ordnungen}, 1713.
Sachsen-Gotha 1647 ([N.p.], 1647) s [7/23/93] - official
Kirchen-Agenda: Das ist Ordnung, wie es von Pfarrern... gehalten werden sol. Für die Kirchen im Fürstenthumb Gotha. Cited in Graff 1:42.
K\irch\\en={Agenda:} | Das iôt/ | O\rdnung/ | Wie es von Pfarrern und Seel-Sorgern/ | beym öffentlichen Gottes-Dienôt/ und ôon= | ôten/ gehalten werden ôol. | F\ür die Kirchen im F\ürôtenthumb | Gotha. | [device with cross in center, 19 @ 56 mm.] | Gedrückt daôelbôt durch Johan Michael Schalln. | [rule] | Jm Jahr 1647.
%Size: 138 @ 108 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: (:)^4 A–2K^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 136 leaves: pp. [{8}] {1} 2–259 160–163 [#=263] [{1}] %Fingerprint: 1647 04 - a1#=a2 (:)2 venôp - b1 A r$ : b2 2K2 uarij/$ %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Our Father #2 (G2^a–G2^b), Verba #2 (G2^b–G3^a), Verba #1 (H1^a–H1^b)
According to the preface, this agenda was deemed necessary by the synod called by Herzog Ernst of Sachsen, etc. (see {Synodal-Schluá} 1645) because of the lack of uniformity in the services within the territory.
Communion: order begins with the exhortation (choice of 3). Then the Vater Unser and Verba. Then either "So offt jhr von diesem Brod esset, und von diesem Kelch trincket." "Sollet jhr des HErrn Tod verkündigen biá er kömmet." OR "Der HErr sey mit euch." "Vnd mit deinem Geist." Then the Thanksgiving collect and Benediction.
There is nothing further of liturgical interest.
Sachsen-Gotha 1682 (Meiningen, 1682) r [8/13/93]
Fürstlich Sachsen-Gothaische revidirt und wieder neuaufgelegte Kirchen-Agenda...
The communion order (the only item of interest) is a reprint of the 1647 order.
Sachsen-Gotha 1689 ([Gotha], 1689) r [8/13/93]
Gothaisches vollständiges Kirchen-Buch. Auff gnädigste Verordnung... Friedrichs Hertzogs zu Sachsen... In zwey Theil abgefasset. Cited in Graff 1:42.
The communion order (the only item of interest) is a reprint of the 1647 order.
Sachsen-Gotha 1753 (Meiningen, 1753) r [8/13/93]
Fürstl. Sachsen-Gothaische revidirte und wieder neu-aufgelegte Kirchen-Agenda, Für die In des Durchlauchtigsten... Herrn Bernhards, Hertzogs zu Sachsen... Landen Befindliche Pfarrer...
The communion order (the only item of interest) is a reprint of the 1647 order.
Sachsen-Gotha 1753 (Meiningen, 1753) s- [8/14/93]
Meiningisches Kirchen-Buch, In 4 Theilen... mit dem Anhang der Verordnung, wie es bey dem Gottesdienst zu halten, Und der Psalters Davids.
Sachsen-Lauenburg 1585 (Lübeck, 1585) s [7/26/93] - official Kirchen-Ordnung, Unser von Gottes gnaden Frantzen Hertzogen zu Sachsen, Engern und Westphalen (Lauenburg). Cited in Graff 1:31, 46. The Wolfenbüttel catalog gives the date as `1585 (1584)." Graff: also called the Niedersächsische KO; based partly on Kursachsen 1580, also on Österreich 1571, Brandenburg-Nürnberg KO and others.
Kirchen Ordnung/ | V\nôer von | G\ottes gnad\en/ | Frantzen Hertzogen zu Sachôen/ Engern | vnd Weôtphalen. Wie es (vormittels Göttlicher | gnaden) in vnôern landen mit Chriôtlicher Lehr/ auáôpendung | der heiligen Hochwirdigen Sacramenten/ {Vocation, Ordi=} | {nation} vnd verhaltung der Kirchen vnd Schulen Diener, auch | {Viôitation, Conôiôtorio,} vnd andern hiezu gehörigen | Sachen/ vormüge heiliger Göttlicher | Schrifft/ hinfüro gehalten | ôoll werden. | {PSALM: 24.} | Machet die Thore weit/ vnd die Thüre in der Welt hoch/ | das der König der Ehren einziehe. | Gedruckt in der Keyôerlichen freyen | Reichs Stadt Lübeck/ durch | Johan Balhorn. | {Anno M. D. LXXXV.} || [Colophon:] G\edruckt in der K\ey= | ôerlichen freyen Reichs Stadt Lübeck/ | durch Johan Balhorn. | [shield, 46 @ 38 mm.] | {®ANNO¯} | [rule] | {®M. D. LXXXIIII.¯}
%Size: 145 @ 102 mm. (A4^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4 (:)^2 A–2C^4 2D^2 2E–4A^4 4B^2; $1–3 signed (–)(1 2E1 4B2); S2 2P3 3G1 3K3 3Y3 roman; 2F2–3, 2H2 3Y2 3Z1–3 italic %Pagination: 286 leaves: ff. [{6}] 1–106 [{1}] 107–232 232–247 247 249–273 [#=274] [{5}]
%Fingerprint: 1585 04 - a1 )(2 ht/$j : a2 ):(2 tliche$ - b1 A ôt : b2 4A3 rôtocket$bleib %Preface: `VOn Gottes gnaden, Wir Frantz der Jünger, Hertzog zu Sachssen, Engern vnd Westphalen" ... `Welches geschehen auff vnserm Hause Ratzeburgk am Tage Annunciationis Mari‘, des jtzt lauffenden ein Tausendt, fünff Hundert vnd fünff vnd achtzigisten Jahres." %Music: Nim von vns HErr Gott (2G1^b–2G3^a), Domine non secundum peccata nostra (2G3^b–2H1^a), Latin Credo (2H1^b–2H3^a), Our Father #1 (2L1^a–2L1^b), Verba #1 (2L1^b–2L2^a), Gott gib vnserm Fürste[n] vn[d] aller Öbrigkeit (2L3^a), 7 Latin Prefaces (3Y2^a–4A1^a) f. L1^b - concerning pews: pews shall not be erected so as to block the vision or hearing of people behind them. At the beginning of the sermon, the Küster is to unlock all locked and empty pews so that they may be occupied by others; unlocked pews may be occupied by others once the sermon has begun as well. (So in effect, the seats were reserved until after the first act.)
The following notes on the offices of organist and Cüster are from Sehling.
The organist is to be on time for Vespers, Matins and Mass and for other services as required. He is not to play the verses so long that he hinders prayers and the sermon. He is not to play secular songs or to fantasize of his own invention, but is to play Christian spiritual songs on the organ, along with the responsories, hymns and other motets de tempore to the glory of God. The Cüster's office is to open and close the church at the proper times, keep it clean for services and funerals, ring the bells, take care of the belongings of the church, including items needed for mass, altar items, chalice, lamps, candles, etc. He also sings the psalms of Dr. Luther from the book, teaching them to the people. In the villages he teaches arithmetic, reading, writing and the catechism to boys and girls, and in the city he teaches the same things to the girls, and his wife teaches them sewing and other such things. On Sunday afternoons he instructs the young people in Luther's catechism. (p. 422) The Cüster also has responsibilities at funerals, and no one may bury his own dead to avoid paying the Cüster his fee. The Cüster also assists with the visitation of the sick and at baptisms of children. (p. 423) The following notes are once again from the original source.
Saturday Vespers in the cities: begins at 2:00, the Praeceptores and Schüler go to the Chor, and two boys intone the antiphon and begin a psalm in the same tone, singing two or three psalms, as usual (in the usual style), closing with the Gloria Patri and antiphon. (f. 2E4^b) Then on holy day eves the boys sing slowly two or three brief lessons in Latin from the Old or New Testament or the Epistle for the festival or Sunday, with the usual tone for the lesson; each lesson is closed with the usual tone (sol sol sol la sol fa fa). However much the first boy sings a second boy reads again in German, without singing. On Saturdays the lessons may be done in alternation between the foregoing way and the following: two boys go in front of the chancel and recite ("auffsagen") a section of the catechism in question and answer format, with the Schulgeselle prompting them if they stumble. (f. 2F1^a) Then the boy asking the questions says the following prayer: "WJr dancken dir HERR Gott...." Then the responsory for the festival or Sunday, as usual, then the hymn d.t.f. (if it is pure), then the Magnificat with its antiphon. If these are sung by the choir, "soll der Organist einen Versch vmd den andern, auff der Örgel, ohne langen vorzog spielen, doch also, das er keine leichtfertige Bulenlieder, Berggesenge, Passemesen oder dergleichen schlahe." Then the Prediger sings "Kyrie eleison," the choir answering "Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison." Then the Vater Unser is prayed until the Prediger sings "Et ne nos inducas in tentationem," at which point the choir answers "Sed libera nos … malo." Then the Prediger sings "Dominus uobiscum." The choir answers "Et cum Spiritu tuo." (f. 2F1^b) Then "Oremus" and the collect d.t.f. in the usual tone, the choir answering "Amen." The Prediger repeats the "Dominus uobiscum," the choir answering "Et cum Spiritu tuo," then the boys end Vespers with the "Benedicamus Domino" and "Deo dicamus gratias," as usual. Then the Kindere go back to the school by pairs, and then home.
Sunday and festival Matins in the cities: when the early sermon ends at 6:00 and a brief German Psalm is sung the boys sing on Sundays the Latin catechism "auff beiden Choren, Vers vmb Vers in unisono, deutlich gesungen werden, wie folget. Der Schulgeselle, der den Chor vorstehet, sol in unisono also fein, mit langsamer mittelmessiger vnd nicht zuhoher Stimme, fürsingen vnd anheben. H‘c sunt pr‘cepta Domini Dei nostri. Darnach fenget der erste Chor im selbigen Tono an: Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus. Non habebis Deos alienos coram me. Der Ander Chor: Non assumes no[f. 2F2^b]men Domini Dei tui in vanum. Vnd so vmbgewechselt jmmer einer nach dem andern fort." (f. 2F2^a–2F2^b) After the commandments the Cantor sings: "Hi sunt Articuli nostr‘ Fidei." The choir, alternatim as before, sings "CRedo in deum Patrem omnipotentem, creatorem coeli & terr‘." And so on. (f. 2F2^b) Then the Geselle sings "H‘c est oratio Dominica." And the Kinder sing the Pater noster. (f. 2F3^a) Then the Geselle sings "Mandauit Christus vt baptizemur in ipsum, dicens." The Kinder reply "ITe in mundum vniuersum, & pr‘dicate Euangelium omni creatur‘. Qui crediderit & baptizatus fuerit, saluus erit...." (f. 2F3^b) Then the Geselle sings "H‘c ist institution Sacramenti, corporis et sanguis Domini nostri Iesu Christi." And the Kinder sing "DOminus noster Iesus Christus, vescentibus Discipulis...." When the catechism is ended, two or three boys intone an antiphon de tempore, whereupon the others sing a psalm in the proper tone (f. 2F4^a) or the Quicunque vult, in alternatim verse by verse, concluding with the Gloria Patri. Then the Latin Gospel is read by two or three boys in the correct tone, then a boy reads it in German, then the usual responsory with the verse, Gloria and repetition, in the usual fashion, then the Te Deum. If the organ is used for the responsory and Te Deum the verses must not be so long that they hinder the service. Then Kyrieleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison, followed by "Dominus uobiscum" and the Collect with the usual Benedicamus Domino.
On holy days the antiphon de festo is sung, with a Latin psalm, then the Gospel in Latin and German, closing with the responsory and Te Deum. On Christmas, Easter and Pentecost Matins opens with "den Inuitatorijs. Veni exultemus Domino, eines jeden Festes sampt seinem Vers anfange, vnd darauff die Antiphen [{sic}] mit den Psalmen in der Metten folge." It is a good and proper thing to instruct the youth in Choral [i.e., chant] singing, including the differences between the tones. (f. F4^b) Mass in the cities: after the Benedicamus at 7:00 the cantor intones the Introit for the Sunday or holy day, "vnd der Organist denselbigen schlahen, vnd die Knaben den Vers, vnd das Gloria Patri, half singen, vnd der Organist es vollend ausspielen, vnd darnach die Knaben im Chor den Introitum, biá an den Vers widerumb singen. Darnach das Kyrie eleison, so jeder zeit des Festes gebreuchlich, auff der Orgel, vnd im Chor einen Vers vmd den andern, singen." During the Introit the Prediger goes to the altar, then he intones the Gloria to the Kyrie tone; then the choir with the organ finishes the Latin Gloria "einen Vers vmb den andern"; or the German "All ehr vnd lob sol Gottes sein, denn er ist vnd heist der Högst allein" is sung; or "Allein Gott in der höh" is sung. The Prediger wears full mass vestments, and there are candles on the altar and the Wachs-Lichter. Then the Pastor turns to the people and sings "Dominus uobiscum" or "Der HERR sey mit euch." The choir answers "Et cum Spiritu tuo" or "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then the Pastor turns again to the altar and sings "Oremus" or "Lasst vnd beten." Then he reads the collect. (f. 2G1^a) The choir answers "Amen."
After the collect the Prediger reads the Epistle. Then the Schule sings the Alleluia, then the Sequence; or the ancient song "Nim von vns Herr Gott, all vnser Sünd vnd Missethat" may be sung in place of the Sequence (see p. 13 of notes). (f. 2G1^b) Then Pastor: "Wir haben gesündiget mit vnsern Vetern." Chor: "Wir haben miágehandelt vnd sind Gottloá gewesen." Then a collect (printed here). (f. 2G3^a) A German psalm related to the time may be sung if the people so desire, such as "Nun frewt euch lieben Christen gemein," "Es ist das Heil," "Durch Adams fall," and so on. On high feasts the usual Gesang are sung in Latin or German: "Grates nuuc omnes" with "Gelobet seistu Jesu Christ" sung in alternatim (Christmas to Purification); "Victim‘ Paschali laudes" with "Christ lag in Todtes banden" (Easter to Ascension); "Summi triumphum regis" OR "Nu frewt euch lieben Christen gmein" on Ascension; "Sancti Spiritus adsit nobis gratia" OR "Veni sancte Spiritus emitte coelitus lucis tu‘ radium" with "Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist" OR "Kom heiliger Geist HERRE Gott" on Pentecost; "Benedicta semper sancta sit Trinitas" OR "Gott der Vater wohn vns bey" on Trinity; "Es wolt vns Gott genedig sein" on Septuagesima and thereafter; "Erbarm dich mein O HERRE Gott" OR "O HErre Gott erbarme dich" in Lent; the Tractum ex Psalmis "Domine non secundum peccata nostra" (notation given) from Oculi to Palmarum (f. 2G3^a) followed by "Erhalt vns HERR" and "Verley vns friede gnediglich" with the Verse and Collect (Verse: "HERR handele nicht mit vns nach vnsern Sünden" "Vnd vergilt vns nicht nach vnser Missethat"; collect follows); "Nu kom der Heyden Heyland" with organ during Advent. Then the Prediger reads the Gospel in German in front of the altar. (f. 2H1^a) Then children are baptised, if there are any, then the Cantor intones "Nun bitten wir den heiliger Geist," then the sermon. If time is short some hymns may be shortened or omitted. If there are no baptisms, after the Gospel the Pastor sings "Credo in vnum Deum," the choir continuing "Patrem omnipotentem...." (f. 2H1^b) Or the congregation may sing "Wir gleuben all" in place of the Creed. After the Creed comes the sermon on the Gospel.
The sermon begins with the pastor speaking the Vater Unser (f. 2H3^b), which on certain festivals is replaced by the following psalms, intoned by the pastor kneeling and continued by the congregation and Cüster: "Nu kom der Heyden Heyland" or "Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist" (Advent), "Ein Kindelein so löbelich" (Christmas), "Christ fuhr gen Himmel, da sand er vns ernieder" (Ascension), "Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist" (Pentecost), "Gott der Vater wohn vns bey" (Trinity). Then the Prediger reads "die Historien des gewöntlichen Euangelij" and preaches the sermon. (f. 2H4^a) Then the Prediger reads the confession (f. 2H4^b) and absolution (uses the word "verkündigen," but as an ordained servant of Jesus Christ; includes a retention of sins) (f. 2J2^a–2J2^b). Then the people are exhorted to thanksgiving and prayer (f. 2J2^b), and the prayers follow (f. 2J4^a). They conclude with the Vater Unser, then a Psalm related to the day or another is sung, such as "Erhalt vns HERR," "Sey lob vnd ehr mit hohen preis," "Christe du Lamb Gottes," "O Lamb Gottes unschüldig" or "Es wolt vns Gott genedig sein," during which the communicants assemble in the chancel, the men on one side, the women on the other (f. 2J4^b). The people should occasionally be reminded that they are to remain in the church during the prayer (f. 2K1^a). During the prayer the Küster sets the communion elements on the altar. Then the Prediger sings the Preface (see end of book), and then the Sanctus is "gesungen vnd geörgelt"). Then the Pastor reads the exhortation. (f. 2K1^a) Then he sings the Vater Unser (f. 2L1^a) and Verba (f. 2L1^b). Then the men commune, followed by the women and virgins (f. 2L2^a). "Vnter der Communion sol gesungen vnd geörgelt werden: Jesus Christus vnser Heyland. Gott sey gelobet vnd gebenedeyet. Was kan vns komen an vor noth. Jesaia dem Propheten das geschah. O Lamb Gottes vnschüldig. Christe du Lamb Gottes. Jch dancke dem HErrn von gantzem Hertzen, Psal. 111." At the end of the communion the Prediger sings "Lasset vns beten" and the collect "WJr dancken dir Allmechtiger HERRE Gott." The choir answers "Amen." Then the Prediger turns to the people and gives the Benediction (f. 2L2^b). Then the service is closed with the choir and people singing "Gott gib vnserm Fürsten" (see p. 16 of notes). If there are no communicants, after the psalm following the sermon the Litany is sung with the entire congregation. (f. 2L3^a)
Sunday and holy day Vespers in the cities: at 1:00 in the winter and 2:00 in the summer the scholars arrive at the Chor and, as on Saturday, sing an Antiphon de tempore, then two or three psalms in Latin, then the Antiphon. Then the Epistle, which one boy sings in Latin and another reads in German. Then the Responsory, such with the organ. Then the Hymnus de tempore oder Festo, or a German psalm; then the Magnificat with its antiphon sung by the boys in Latin and concluded by the Chor and organ, or the German Magnificat "Mein Seel erhebt den HErren" with its antiphon "Christum vnsern Heyland, ewigen Gott, Marien Son, loben wir in ewigkeit, Amen" may be sung by the choir and congregation; or "Mein Seel O HERR sol loben dich" may be sung. Then the Prediger sings "Kyrie eleison," the choir answering "Christe eleison. Kyrie eleison." The Prediger and congregation pray the Our Father silently until the Prediger begins to sing "Et ne nos inducas in tentationem." Then Choir answers "Sed libera a nos … malo, Amen." Then "Dominus uobiscum." "Et cum Spiritu tuo." "Oremus," followed by the usual Latin or German collect de tempore (as found in the Vesperale), then again "Dominus uobiscum" "Et cum Spiritu tuo." (f. 2L3^b) Then the boys conclude Vespers with the "benedicamus Domino" and "Deo dicamus gratias." No collect shall be sung that is not doctrinally pure. Then the sermon on the Epistle, not to last more than an hour, then "Erhalt vns HERR. Verley vns friede gnediglich." New psalms are not to be sung in the churches, but rather those of Luther from his printed psalter (list follows of psalms for each week of the year) (f. 2L4^a).
Saturday Vespers in the villages: rung at 1:00, begun at 2:00 (f. 2M4^a). The Pastor with the Cüster sings a German psalm, such as the Ten Commandments, Vater Unser, the Glaube, Nu frewt euch lieben Christen gemein, Allein zu dir HERR Jesu Christ, Es wolt vns Gott genedig sein, or a hymn pertaining to the holy day or time. After Vespers he sings again a Hymn de tempore in Latin or German, such as "O lux beata Trinitas," "Veni redemptor gentium," "Beatus autor seculi," "Christe qui lux es & dies." After the hymn the Cüster reads a chapter from the German Bible or the Sunday Epistle. Then the Magnificat or Benedictus in Latin or German, with a Collect de festo, tempore or dominica, then the Benedicamus Domino and Deo dicamus gratias, then Erhalt vns HERR. Then Beicht. Matins does not need to be held in the villages.
Communion in the villages: the Pfarrherr sings a German psalm with the Cüster, such as "Diá sind die heilgen Zehn Gebot," "Jch danck dir lieber HErre," "Vater vnser im Himelreich," "Kom heiliger Geist," or a Latin Sange d.t.f., such as "Veni sancte Spiritus," "Veni creator Spiritus," "Puer natus in Bethlehem," etc. Then the German Kyrie, then "Allein Gott in der höh" or "All ehr vnd lob sol Gottes sein." Then the Prester turns to the people and sings "Der HERR sey mit euch." The Cüster and congregation answer "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then "Lasset vns beten"; the people kneel and the Pastor reads the German Collect, to which the Cüster and people sing "Amen." Then the Pastor sings or reads the Epistle (f. 2N1^a). Then the Pastor (or at his direction the Cüster) begins a Psalm d.t., such as "Christ lag in Todtes banden" (Easter), "Kom heiliger geist, HErre Gott" (Pentecost), "Gott der Vater wohn vns bey" (Trinity), "Nu kom der Heyden Heyland" (Advent), "Christ der du bist Tag vnd Liecht" (Lent), or "Vater Unser im Heimelreich," "Nu frewt euch lieben Christen gmein," "Allein zu dir HErr Jesu Christ," "Jch ruff zu dir HErr Jesu Christ," or the Psalm for the day as indicated in the list above. After the psalm the Pastor reads the Gospel, then he begins to sing "Wir gleuben all an einen Gott," and the Cüster sings it through with the people. Then the sermon (beginning with the Vater Unser and rereading of the Gospel), which should not last more than an hour. (f. 2N1^b) Then the common prayer. Then the people should be frequently reminded to remain in church during the communion. Then "Erhalt vns HERR" or "Sey lob vnd ehr mit hohem preiá" is sung, during which the communicants assemble in the chancel, as in the cities. Then the exhortation, as above, and the Vater Unser and Verba, as above. In the villages the bread is consecrated and distributed, then the wine, since there is only one person to distribute the elements. See above as to the singing during communion. (f. 2N2^a) After communion comes the Collect and Blessing. If there are no communicants, the Litany is sung after the sermon with the Vers and Gebet, and finally "Erhalt vns HERR."
In the afternoon there is no Vespers, but rather catechism. It is rung at 12:30 and begins at 1:00. The section of the catechism to be treated that day is sung: "Diá sind die heilgen Zehn Gebot," "Mensch wiltu leben seliglich," "Wir gleuben," "Vater Unser im Himelreich," "Christ vnser HErr zum Jordan kam," "Jesus Christus vnser Heyland," "Gott sey gelobet vnd gebenedeyet." Then the Cüster has the children recite the catechism a section at a time, with the Morgen vnd Abend Gebet, Benedicite vnd Gratias, then the Pastor speaks on the section for the day (the questions of D. Joachim Mörlin are recommended). (f. 2N2^b). The service closes with "Erhalt uns Herr." (f. 2N3^a)
Holy days: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (3 days each); Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation Mari‘ ("Wie die heilige Mutter Gottes, vnsers HErrn Jesu Christi, jhre Mume Elisabeth des Priesters Zachari‘ Weib besucht"), Michaelis (f. 2N3^b), with the Gospel preached on in the morning and the Epistle in the afternoon for each day. (f. 2N4^a) If there is a holy day during the week, the Friday service may be cancelled in the villages (f. 2N4^b).
Other services: catechism is held 5:00 to 6:00 A.M. in the summer in the cities (a half hour or hour later in the winter), with the Matins and Mass following immediately. The Predigt is held from 8:00 to 9:00. The weekly Predigt is held on Fridays at 7:00 A.M. (Mitfasten to Bartholomew) or 8:00 (Bartholomew to Laetare), at which the Litany is sung with the people. Sunday afternoons from Bartholomew to Mitfasten, in places where there are schools, Vespers is held, which is rung at 12:00, with German psalms being sung until 1:00 and the sermon on the Epistle from 1:00 to 2:00 (an hour later from Laetare to Bartheolomew). During the week Matins is held at 9:00 every day, and Vespers at 3:00 every day, with the lessons sung by the scholars where there are schools. (f. 2O1^b)
Special services: Communion is held on Maundy Thursday (f. 2O1^b). On Good Friday mass is held earlier so that the Passion history can be read from Bugenhagen's harmony (f. 2O2^a).
The chants for the Prefaces appear at the end of the book.
Confirmation order in Sehling, p. 458–60.
Sachsen-Lauenburg 1651 (Lübeck, 1651) r [7/24/93]
Kirchen-Ordnung, Unser von Gottes gnaden Frantzen Hertzogen zu Sachsen, Engern und Westphalen (Lauenburg). Jetzo zum andern... gedruckt. Cited in Graff 1:31.
Sachsen-Weimar 1664 (Weimar, 1664) s [2/24/93] - official
Derer Durchleuchtigsten... Herrn, H. Johann Ernsts, H. Adolph Wilhelms, H. Johann Georgens u. H. Bernhards Gebrüderer, Hertz. zu Sachsen... Verbesserte Kirchen-Ordnung. Cited in Graff 1:43. The copy Wolfenbüttel: Tk 76 contains leaf 4B^4, which is blank. Graff: Im Anschluá an die Koburger KO., wie im Vorwort ausdrücklich erklärt wird.
Derer Durchleuchtigôten/ Hochgebornen | Fürôten und Herren/ | H\errn J\ohann E\rnôts/ | Herrn A\dolph\ W\ilhelms/ Herrn | J\oh\ann G\eorgens und Herrn | B\ernh\ards Gebrüderer/ Hertzogen zu | Sachôen/ Jülich/ Cleve und Bergen/ Land=| Grafen in Thüringen/ Marck-Grafen zu Meiôôen/ | gefürôteter Grafen zu Henneberg/ Grafen zu | der Mark und Ravens=Berg/ Herren zu | Ravenôtein/ | Verbeôôerte | K\irch\\en=O\rdnung/ | Vff Jhrer Fürôtl. Durchleuchtigkeiten | geôambte Fürôtenthume und Lande ge= | richtet. | [rule] | W\eimar/ | Gedruckt bey Eylikers Witben/ Jm Jahr 1664.
%Size: 144 @ 102 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: a^4, A–K^4 L^4(ñL2) M–4A^4 4B^4(–B4) 4C–4F^4; $1–3 signed (–a1 L2); 2Q2 3M2 3Q3 roman, second and subsequent alphabets with arabic numerals %Pagination: 303 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–38 35 40–72 83–105 104 107–132 132 134–144 147 146–255 296 257–576 [#=566] [{32}] %Contents: a1^a title, a1^b blank, a2^a–a4^b official authorization, A1^a–4B3^b text, 4C1^a–4F4^b table of contents %Fingerprint: 1664 04 - a1 a2 eve : a2 a3 e - b1 A t : b2 4F3 nde$bega %Preface: `Von GOTTES Gnaden, wir JOHANN ERNST, Hertzog zu Sachsen, Jülich, Cleve und Bergen, Landgraff in Thüringen, Markgraf zu Meissen, gefürsteter Graf zu Henneberg, Graf zu der Mark, und Ravensberg, Herr zu Ravenstein" ... `Datum Weimar zur Wilhelmsburg, den 6. Novembr. Anno 1664." %Music: Our Father #1 (M1^b–M2^b), Verba #1 (M3^a–M4^b)
The authorization mentions subscription to the U.A.C. (a3^a). This is apparently a revision of Johann Casimirs KO (I don't want to take the time to work out the entire sentence, which spans six pages).
Chapter 2 (p. 6–9): "Von der Kirchen Agenda" - says essentially that although ceremonies need not be everywhere the same, it is nevertheless edifying if there is conformity.
Saturday Vespers: the bells are rung at the usual time, a penitential hymn is sung, then a penitential psalm is read, the Magnificat is sung or figured (and in the cities the organ is played "d[a]rein"), closing with a collect, then confession (p. 10).
Sunday Frühpredigt: a German hymn is sung, then the sermon on the Gospel (p. 23), closing with the usual hymns and collect (p. 24).
Sunday Ampts-Predigt: the Schüler gather in the school, then proceed without a lot of racket into the church "auf das Singe-Chor" when the bells have finished ringing. They sing as Introit the "Veni Sancte Spiritus" in German, and then in the cities the Kyrie is "in die Orgel musiciret," after which "Allein Gott in der Höh" is sung (p. 24). Then the Collect and Epistle are read or sung (whichever is customary). Then in the cities a piece is sung figuraliter with organ accompaniment, and then in both city and country a hymn related to the Gospel is sung, which had been given by the Pastor to the Cantor or Schulmeister. Then the Gospel is read or sung, then (if customary) a Mottete is figuriret, then the Glaube and "Herr Jesu Christ dich zu uns wend" are sung. Then the Prediger goes to the Cantzel and prays the Vater Unser, then explains the Gospel. (p. 25) Then if customary a brief Moteta is figuriret, accompanied by the organ, or a brief hymn or two or three stanzas ("Gesetze") from a shorter one are sung. During the communion a piece is again figured in the cities, then appropriate hymns are sung. The service is ended with the collect and blessing. (p. 26)
Concerning organs and music: one cannot abolish organs and figural music from the church as being a papist leaven ("Sauerteig"), for God has commanded the use of instruments to praise him, and they are appropriate in church. But the figural and organ music may not last too long (p. 27), nor should they have a mood more appropriate to dancing than to the service (p. 28).
Communion office: after the sermon the communicants assemble in the Chor, and the Pfarrer or Diaconus sings the Vater Unser (to the tone Osnabrück 1652, p. 4 in notes) (p. 99–102). Then the exhortation is read. (p. 102–103) Then the Words of Institution are sung (also to the Osnabrück tone) (p. 103–106). Then the collect (the usual) is read (p. 108), and the blessing follows. If there are no communicants, after the sermon comes a Christian motet or German hymn, collect and Benediction. (p. 109)
Festivals midday: first "Komm heiliger Geist, erfülle die Hertzen" is sung (p. 109), then a motet is figured (with organ accompaniment—"und die Orgel drein geschlagen"), then a German hymn de tempore is sung. Then a boy reads the Rosin Fragstücke for the festival, then "Herr Jesu Christ dich zu uns wend" is sung, then the sermon is preached. Then comes festival collect, figural music, collect and blessing.
Sundays midday: first the Litany or a figural piece (p. 110), then a hymn related to the Gospel or catechism lesson, then a boy reads the catechism lesson with Luther's explanation (or two boys recite the catechism), then "Herr Jesu Christ dich zu uns wend" is sung, during which the preacher goes to the Cantzel "und verrichtet sein Amt." After the sermon comes the common prayer (or the Litany, if it was not sung at the beginning). Then another piece is musiciret, then the collect and Benediction. (p. 111)
Sunday Vespers [in the country?]: German hymn de tempore, catechism instruction, Litany sung, the Sacra with the collect, then the blessing. (p. 113)
Holy days observed: Christmas (2-1/2 days), Circumcision (p. 114), Epiphany (Baptism of Christ observed on the following Sunday), Presentation (Purification, Mari‘ Reinigung), Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday (p. 115), Easter (2-1/2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2-1/2 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis. Half-day festivals: apostles' days (Andrew, Thomas, Matthias, Conversion of Paul, Philip and James, Peter and Paul, James, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude. (p. 116) These days may be observed on the nearest day on which a service is held. A normal weekday service is held, except that before the sermon the hymn "O Herre Gott dein Göttlichs Wort" is sung and the organ is played. (p. 117) There is also a Schulfest on August 19th in commemoration of the Friedenfest begun in 1650 (p. 118), at which the Te Deum is "musiciret und gesungen" after the sermon (p. 120).
Weekday services: so that the boys do not miss too many lessons, only 6 or 8 should be used for the weekday services (alternating among the Schüler). The Cantor, Schulmeister or Kirchner (whichever a particular place has) comes in with the boys at the time of the service, who then sing a German hymn chosen by the pastor and return to class (p. 121). After the sermon and common prayer a stanza or two from a hymn chosen by the pastor are sung, and the service is closed with the collect and blessing. The sermon should not last more than a half hour, so that the entire service can fit with an hour's time so people will not be kept from work. Wednesday and Thursday: there is Vespers on Wednesday (held as on Saturday) (p. 122) and Communion on Thursday (as on Sunday, except that before the sermon comes the Litany or a motet (on apostles' days), then a hymn and "Herr Jesu Christ dich zu uns wend"), then the sermon."
Betstunden: in Weimar held on Monday at 7:00 and 10:00 A.M., in other cites on a day that doesn't conflict with the weekly market (p. 123), and in villages usually on Tuesdays, unless that is market day, in which case the service is held on Monday or Wednesday. First "Erhalt uns Herr" or "Wo Gott der Herr nicht bey uns hält" is sung, then the Pfarrer reads a chapter from the Bible with a summary from a "reinen Autoris." Then the common prayer. Then "Verleihe uns Friede" is sung, then the collect for peace. (p. 124)
Bells rung in the cities at the time customary in each, and in the villages from 6:00 to 7:00 (3 times) in the summer and from 7:00 to 8:00 in the winter (times are relaxed where Filiale are involved). For the weekly service in the villages the bells finish ringing at 5:00 in the summer and 7:00 in the winter; there is no fixed time in the cities. (p. 125)
Litany (printed p. 126–31, without music).
Sachsen-Weimar 1707 r [9/10/93] - official
According to the title page, this is a reprint of the 1658 agenda for the Fürstenthum Weimar. It contains only the liturgical texts, without rubrics (the only relevant office is Communion).
Schleswig-Holstein 1542 (Magdeburg, 1542) s [8/11/93] - official
Bugenhagen, Johann. Christlyke Kercken Ordeninge, De yn den Fürstendömen, Schlesswig, Holsten etc. schal geholden werdenn. Cited in Graff 1:31. Graff: revision of the Danish order of 1537; follows Braunschweig 1528, Pommern 1535, Wittenberg 1533.
C\hriôtlyke Kercken | Ordeninge/ De yn~ | den Fürôtendömen/ Schleôzwig/ | Holôten etc. ôchal geholden | werdenn. | [coat of arms, 102 @ 75 mm.] || [Colophon:] Gedr#ºcket tho M\ag= | deborch/ dorch | H\ans Walther. | Anno. M. D. {XLII.}
%Size: 135 @ 91 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4; $1–3 signed (–A1 Z2) %Pagination: 92 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1542 04 - b1 A2n$yn$ : b2 Z3 borch %Preface: `WY Christian van Gades Gnaden tho Dennemarcken, Norwegen, der Wenden vnde Gotten. Köning, Hertoge tho Schleszwig, Holstenn Stormarn vnde der Dyethmarschen, Grauen tho Oldenborch vnde Delmenhorst" ... [at end of order:] `Anno ym XLII. Vnder vnsem Secret. etc." %Music: none
Weekdays where there are schools: at 8:00 or 9:00 two children sing the antiphon, and the others sing the verses in two choirs alternatim with three or fewer psalms with an Octonarius with the psalm Beati Jmmaculati. Then the Gloria patri. In the cities the Quicunque vult may then be sung, then the antiphon again. If there is no sermon, one of the scholars reads a chapter from the New Testament in Latin, then another reads the same in German. Then a German hymn may be sung, or the Benedictus with its antiphon. (f. C3^b) Then the children kneel and say "Kyrie eleyson, Christe eleyson, Kyrie eleyson. Pater noster, etc." Then one of the Kirchendiener says "Ostende nobis Domine Misericordiam," with the choir answering "et salutare tuum da nobis." Then "Dominus vobiscum" with a collect. Then the children sing "Benedicamus Domino, etc."
Weekday afternoons: at 2:00 or 3:00 Vespers is rung, and three or fewer psalms are sung to the antiphon tone ("na dem tone der Antiphon"). It is not necessary to repeat the octonarius. Then a lesson from the Old Testament. Then a Hymnum is sung, then a German psalm or Magnificat with antiphon, closing as in Matins. (f. C4^a) On Vespers before Sundays and holy days everything is done as on weekdays except that after the lesson is sung the responsory for the holy day with the Gloria Patri. Then the hymn for the day (if pure), then the Magnificat with antiphon, then Nunc dimittis, ending as above.
Sunday and holy day Matins: 3 psalms are sung, then 2 octonarien with antiphon, then the children read the catechism, with the parts introduced by the Scholemeister. (f. C4^b) Then the children read the lesson, then the responsory with Gloria patri, then the Te deum and ending as usual.
Sunday and holy day Vespers: as on the evening before, except that if the singing is so long as to impede the sermon the Kerckhere may request the Scholemester to shorten it. (f. D1^a)
Sunday Mass: the Prester says the Confiteor kneeling before the altar and prays for the preaching of the gospel and for the king and principality. (f. D2^a) Then the Introit is sung or read (if not contrary to Scripture); in the villages a German psalm is sung in its place. The Kyrie may be sung "mit mannigerley noten," then the Gloria (with the Prester beginning and the church finishing it). Then the Prester turns to the people and says "Dominus vobiscum," then he turns to the altar and reads the Collect in German only, and the people answer "Amen." Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Epistle in German. Then the children sing the Alleluia with its verse, but without the many notes that are hung onto the end of it ("doch vth gelaten, de vele noten, de men plach hinden an tho hengende"). (f. D2^b) Then a German psalm from Scripture is sung in place of the Gradual. The sequences and proses are omitted except in the three chief festivals (Christmas to Purification: Grates nunc omnes with its German hymn; Easter to Pentecost: Victimae paschali with its German hymn; in Pentecost: Veni Sancte Spiritus with its German hymn). Then the Prester turns to the people and reads the Gospel in German (introducing it with "Hec sequentia verba, etc."). Then he turns to the altar and sings "Credo in vnum deum," whereupon "Wy gelöuen" is sung. Then the sermon, preparation of the bread and wine, communicants invited to the altar, exhortation to the communicants (D3^a). Then the Prester sings the Vater Unser and Verba in German. During the distribution the Scholemester begins "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" or another hymn. Then the Prester turns to the people and says "Dominus Vobiscum" in German, then turns and reads the Thanksgiving, to which the people answer "Amen." Then the Benediction, and the schoolmaster begins a brief German psalm. (f. D3^b) If there are no communicants the mass is closed with one or two hymns and the Benediction. In the high feasts (Christmas, Easter, Pentecost and Trinity) there is a Latin Introit, Gloria, Alleluia (with pure sequence), Latin Preface (with Sursum Corda) and Sanctus, but the Pater noster and the Verba remain in German, as does the Agnus Dei, according to the desire of the pastor. (f. D4^a) The German Litany is sung at least once a week. Catechism is held Sundays. (f. E1^b) Sermons are held in the cities on Wednesdays and Fridays, and more often in times of need; in large cities sermons may be held every day. (f. E2^a) In the villages the Sunday sermon on the Gospel lasts a half an hour; the catechism is taught for the other half hour. If the pastor is so unleared that he cannot preach, he may read a German Postil word for word (f. E2^b)
Festivals (mentioned): Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (with Trinity, I suppose); also New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, Visitation, John the Baptist, Michaelis, All Saints. (f. E3^a)
Festivals (list): Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (3 days), also Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation (if it falls during Holy Week or later it is observed on the day before Palm Sunday), Ascension, Visitation (f. F1^a), John the Baptist, Michaelis, All Saints. Apostles' days and Mary Magdalene and Laurentius are observed on the next following Sunday (f. F1^b).
Schleswig-Holstein 1601 (Schleswig, 1601) r [8/11/93]
Christlyke Kercken Ordeninge, De yn den Fürstendömen, Schlesswig, Holsten etc. schal geholden werdenn. Nachgedrücket tho Schlesswieck... Cited in Graff 1:31.
A reprint of the 1542 edition, with the text on the same pages.
Schleswig-Holstein 1612 (Schleswig, 1612) r [8/11/93]
Christlyke Kercken Ordeninge, De yn den Fürstendömen, Schlesswig, Holsten etc. schal geholden werdenn. Nachgedrücket tho Schlesswieck... Cited in Graff 1:31.
A reprint of the 1542 edition, with the text on the same pages.
Schleswig-Holstein 1665 (Schleswig, 1665) - private
Olearius, Adam. Das Schleswigische und Holsteinische Kirchenbuch. Cited in Graff 1:31. Graff found this source in Hamburg. Graff: Olearius was a librarian, not a theologian; translation of the Handbock (1635) into Hochdt., slightly enlarged, acquired almost official validity.
Although a private agenda, it was widely used in the region (Edler 1982: 163). Quite conservative, from Edler's description.
Schönburg 1542 s [4/5/95] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung in der edlen wohlgeb. herrn, Hans Ernsten von Schönburg und sr. gnaden gebrüdern herrschaft und gebieten auf derselben ihr. gn. verbesserung durch Johann Pfeffinger gestellet. Anno 1542 den 18. October. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:167–76. Notes from Sehling.
The organist is to play every Sunday and festival for Mass (or Ambt) and for Vesper, but not so long that the collects with their common hymns [and] German psalms are hindered, and he is not to play frivolous songs, but rather psalms and German hymns. (p. 168)
Matins: Deus in adjutorium and Venite, with 2–4 psalms in German, in Scriptural order. "3. Sollen auch die tonos ändern, also dass sie heut primum tonum halten, zu metten und vesper morgen secundum tonum und sofort, an einem tag umb den andern." Then a Latin responsory d.t.f. in accordance with Scripture. Then a Latin and German lesson from the Old Testament, in scriptural order, the first lector reading an entire chapter in Latin to the same tone used for the lesson at Mass, then the lector reads the same lesson in German "in unisono." Then on Sundays and festivals (sonn- fest- und feier-tage) the German Te Deum in Luther's version is sung. Otherwise: Monday and Tuesday - Latin Te Deum; Wednesday and Thursday - Benedictus in Latin; Friday and Saturday - Quicunque vult in Latin. Then "flexis genibus juxta rationem temporis contra paganos et Turcas etc., da pacem domine etc., item preces pro serenitate, item pro pluvia," then a versicle with collect d.t./f. (occasionally two collects may be said, although with one conclusion), then Benedicamus Domino. The Litany is sung after the lesson on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, closing with versicles and collect for sin and Benediction, as in Vespers.
Vespers and Compline ("Completen"): Deus in adjutorium and one Hymnus in Latin, 2–3 psalms in German, responsory, two lessons from the New Testament, one Latin and one German, in Scriptural order; on Sundays and festivals the German Magnificat in the tonus peregrinus; during the week this is sung in Latin with a Christian antiphon. Then versicles, collect, Benedict[ion]: "Benedicat tibi dominus et custodiat te, ostendat dominus faciem suam tibi et misereatur tui, convertat dominus oculum suum ad te et det tibi pacem."
Ceremonies in the Pfarrkirchen - Mass: if there are communicants, first a Latin Introit "nach gelegenheit der zeit, je zuweilen de sancta trinitate, spiritu, passione domini. Tonum autem de tempore, so er rein ist." Occasionally a German psalm or another Christian Lied may be sung. "Vor dem introitu" the choir sings and the organist plays Kyrie, Christe, Kyrie. "An oder für das letzte mag er auch ein gut kurz stücklein schlagen etc." (p. 170) Then the Et in terra. The collect may be done at times in German, at times in Latin. But the Epistle and Gospel shall always be done to the melody shown [not shown in Sehling]. After the Epistle the organist plays, then the choir sings the Alleluja, or at times the Sequences (if pure), then the entire church sings a German psalm or Christian Lied, whatever desired from the hymnal. After the Gospel the organist plays the Patrem in Latin, and the church sings the Glaube ("Nach dem evangelisten, dem patrem etc. lateinisch schlägt der organist, singet die kirche: Wir glauben etc."). After the sermon the organist plays something until the Priester has arrived at the altar to prepare and offer the bread and cup ("praeparavitque panem et calicem offerendum"). When there is great need, as unfortunately as at present, after the sermon the Schulmeister begins to sing with the congregation "Erhalt uns herr, Verleih uns frieden." Then the Priester sings the Vater Unser in German or reads the paraphrase, then sings the Verba cönae. On high feasts he may sing the prefaces, then the Vater Unser and Verba Testamenti. During the communion may be sung alternately the German Sanctus and "Jesus Christus," and at times the Latin Sanctus or Agnus Dei. During the communion the organist shall not play except on high feasts, but afterward he play play a piece ("Der organista soll sub communione nicht schlagen, es sei denn an hohen festen; aber nach gehaltener communion mag er ein gut stücke schlagen."). After the Collect and Benediction is sung "Es woll uns gott gnädig sein" or "Gott sei gelobet."
Vespers on Sundays and festivals: Deus in adjutorium etc., antiphon, psalm, responsory and hymnus in Latin, then a German psalm or German hymn on festivals, then the sermon, not to last more than a half hour, then at times (and if under time pressure, the short version) the Litany and at times the German Magnificat on Sundays. In any case, the Schulmeister sings two verses of the Magnificat with the boys, and the organist plays one; on high feasts the Latin Magnificat is sung, alternating verse by verse with the organ. Then verse, collect, Benedicamus. At times the German Te Deum of Luther should be sung. On weekdays when there is no sermon the service should be short so that the boys are not kept from their studies: Latin psalm with antiphon, responsory or hymn, all in Latin; then two boys read a lesson from the New Testament, one in Latin and one in German (not more than 2 or 3 paragraphs). If there are many people in the church the Priester reads one of the "paraphrases Dr. Martini" "aus den altaristen" up through the words "Zum andern vermahne ich euch in Christo." Then the Benedictus, versicles, collect, Benedicamus.
Weekdays with sermon: Latin psalm with antiphon, then a German psalm or spiritual Lied. After the sermon a Litany, alternating days in Latin and German, with a verse, and with the boys singing. Then the Collect and Benediction (in German). At times the "Da pacem" and "Verleih uns frieden" may be sung in place of the Litany. On all weekdays the entire service, including the sermon, is not to last more than an hour.
Vespers on weekdays: two psalms with an antiphon, responsory or hymn in Latin; then two lessons from the Old Testament, the first in Latin and the second in German, as in Matins. But on days when catechism is held the lessons are not read. Then the Magnificat or Benedictus or Da pacem etc., then verse, collect, Benedicamus. The psalms are done in Scriptural order. (p. 171) On "feiertagen and festen" when there are no communicants the following is held in place of the mass: Deus in adjutorium etc., Venite, 3 psalms with antiphon, responsory, Priester reads the Gospel d.t.f. in the same tone as the lesson in Matins, then the other Priester reads it in German, Te Deum in German with organ alternating verse by verse, Wir glauben, sermon, German psalm or hymn (at times Da Pacem and the German Magnificat), then Verse and Collect, Benediction, Es woll uns gott gnädig sein. If there is an organist, he plays as usual "darunter," and the songs are shortened so the service is not too long ("Wo aber ein organist vorhanden, soll er darunter wie gewöhnlich schlagen und die gesänge desto kürzer abgebrochen sein, damit es nicht zu lang werde.").
In the villages: On Saturdays the bell is sung and several German psalms are sung with the people, closing with the Prayer and Benediction. Then the Pfarrherr hears, instructs and absolves the people planning to commune the next day.
Communion on Sundays and festivals: a German psalm is sung in place of the Introit, then (if a Custos is available who can sing and assist the pastor) three Kyries. If there is no Kirchner available, the Pfarrherr reads a Collect after the psalm, then the Epistle is sung to the people in the same tone as is used at Glaucha. Then is sung a German psalm or Lied. Then the Gospel, to the tone used at Glaucha. Then "Wir glauben." Then the sermon, before or after which the six chief parts of the catechism are read slowly and deliberately to the people. After the sermon the Priester reads before the altar to the people the paraphrase of the Vater Unser with the exhoration to the sacrament, and at times singing the Vater Unser, then he sings the Verba, then the people sing "Jesus Christ," "Gott sei gelobet," or the German Sanctus "Jesaia dem propheten." During this time the people commune. The closing is with the Benediction, then may be sung "Es woll uns gott." If there are no communicants the people sing two psalms or Lieder, then the Priester sings the Gospel in German, then "Wir glauben" and the sermon, then another German psalm or two, collect and Benediction. (p. 172)
Schwäbisch Hall 1526 s [11/28/95] - official
Brenz, Johannes. Reformation der Kirchen in dem Hellischen Land Herr Jo: Brentz. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 1:40–49. Notes from Richter.
Mass: the Schulmaister with the scholars and other helpers sings a psalm in Latin (in the papist mass only a single verse was sung), then the Kyrie as usual with the entire congregation kneeling, then the Gloria. As time permits and according to ancient custom it would be good if the congregation were to learn to sing the Et in terra and the psalms in German. ("Nach dem kirie leyson dient wol das lobgesang gottes gloria in excelsis Nach gelegenhait der zeyt vnd alter gewonhait Were auch gut zu besserung der kirchen Wie alle ding geschehen sollen in der gemein versamlung. Das mit der zeyt das volck vff teutsch das lobgesang von engeln gesungen Et in terra pax hominibus etc. vnd psalmen singen lernt.") Then the common prayer; that is, for the needs of all Christendom and for the emperor, etc. The Diacon should wear a Cormantel as previously at Vespers and Matins, but not a mass vestment, which is clothing for neither men nor women and looks stupid in front of the congregation. After the common prayer a Gospel appropriate to the time is sung in Latin and then read to the people in German. Then the Chor and Diener sing the Credo and Patrem as is customary, and if there is time the people then sing the Glaube in German. None of the above is commanded, but it is all for outward ornament; if time is lacking the Gloria, Credo, Patrem and Sequence may be either sung or omitted. Then the Communion, formerly called the Stilmeá. It begins with the exhortation to communicants and confession, which ends with a silent Our Father. Then the Diacon or Pfarrer reads aloud in German the Verba. Then the choir sings in Latin and the church in German: "Hie zwuschen sol der Cor Latheinisch vnd die kirch teutsch vmb einander singen auff das die entpfaher des Sacraments vnd andere vmbstender nit allein Jnwendig sonder auffwendig durch das verstendtlich gesang Jrs thuns ermant werden." Then the distribution, and the choir sings "Grates nunc omnes reddamus Domino" or another brief Gesang of thanks, closing with the Blessing by the Diacon or boy, as formerly in Vespers. (p. 43) The entire church is exhorted to thanksgiving in song by the Diacon or boy.
Vespers: previously a sermon was held in the afternoon on holy days in which more people slept than stayed awake. Therefore it is better to hold the sermon during the Vespers. It begins with "Deus in adiutorium etc." Then a psalm in Latin and German "vm einander gesungen" with a Latin antiphon, then the sermon (not more than a half hour), then the Magnificat or another Gesang on the Gospel, closing with a Latin Oration and Blessing by the Diener or boy (Knaben) as above.
Weekdays: the two masses currently held at St. Michael's are unnecessary and contrary to Christ's order. When the Ampt is rung a psalm is sung by the Schulmaister and scholars and other helpers, then the Kyrie with the Gloria in excelsis, then the common prayer in brief form, then a chapter from a gospel or epistle sung in the Chor in Latin and then read to the people in German with a brief explanation if there are communicants. After the Apostles' Creed the Patrem is sung if there are communicants, then the communion. If there are no communicants the choir sings a thanksgiving Gesang after the sermon, closing with the blessing over the people by the deacon or boy ("Jungen knaben").
Vespers on weekdays: since virtually no one from the people attends Vespers it would be better to sing a psalm, then read a lesson from the Bible, first in Latin, then in German. Then the Magnificat or another [hymn] is sung, closing with a common Latin prayer and the blessing.
Holy days: Sundays, all apostles' days, Christmas and St. Stephen, New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), John the Baptist, Visitation. (p. 44)
Schwäbisch Hall 1543 (Schwäbisch Hall, 1543) s [8/7/93] - official
Brenz, J. Ordnung der Kirchen, inn eins Erbarn Raths zu Schwäbischen Hall, Oberkeit und gepiet gelegen. Cited in Graff 1:58. Graff: a typical Brenz order, with a rich liturgy and much use of Latin (as was customary in southern Germany); very conservative retention of medieval feast days, as well as in the placement of the communion before the sermon and the use of the Credo; otherwise this order stands between Nürnberg and Württemberg.
Ordnung der Kir= | chen/ inn eins Erbarn Raths | zu Schwäbiôchen Hall/ | Oberkeit vnd gepiet | gelegen. | * | Gedruckt zu Schwäbiôchen Hall/ | Durch Pancratium Quecken. | {ANNO M. D. XLIII.} [with a rule over the date] || [Colophon:] Gedruckt in der Key= | ôerlichen Reichôtat Schwäbiôchen | Hall/ Durch Pancratium | Quecken. | {ANNO M. D. XLIII.} [with a rule over the date]
%Size: 140 @ 96 mm. (B1^a) %Collation: 4º: *^4, A–2B^4; $1–4 signed (–*1,3–4 G2 2A2 2B3–4) %Pagination: 104 leaves: ff. [{6}] {I} I III–XCV [{3}]
%Fingerprint: 1543 04 - a1#=a2 *2 rdnu - b1 A ür : b2 2B2 $nic %Preface: `WJewol ein Erbar Rath dieser Stadt Schwäbischen Hall" ... `Actum &c. XX. IANVARII. ANNO M. D. XLIII." %Music: none
Abentmal: exhortation (f. J3^a), ending with the Vater Unser (f. K1^b), Blessing (Verba) (f. L3^b), distribution; for the rest of the service see under Tagampt below.
"Vom Kirchen Gsang" - [refers to singing in the church, not to the offices] - psalms and hymns are to be sung in German, since most people know only that language, but in cities with Latin schools, "So sol man zur vbung der Schüler die Latinische Christliche Gsang, neben den Teutschen, wie es biá anher, nach eröffnung deá Euangelions geübet, vnd hernach zum teyl verzeichnet wurdt, behalten." In villages with Latin schools the Schüler may sing Latin pieces in the services. (f. Q4^a)
Festivals: Sundays, all apostles' days, Christmas, St. Stephen and St. John (observed together on the same day), New Year's or Circumcision, Obersttag (Epiphany), Liechtmeá (Purification), Marie verkündigung (Annunciation), Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), St. John the Baptist, Marie Heimsuchung (Visitation), Mary Magdalene, Marie verschiedung (Assumption), St. Michael the Archangel, all saints' days. (f. R1^b)
Saturdays and festival eves: where there are schools, sung in Latin, as usual beginning "Deus in adiutorium meum intende" with three or four psalms according to Scripture order, with the assigned antiphons; a Christian responsory or hymn. The Gospel for the next day is read. Then the Magnificat or Benedictus or Nunc dimittis with antiphon. (f. R3^b) Then a Christian Oration and the usual Benedicamus. On high festival eves the Venite exultemus Domino and other Gesang related to the festival are sung. The Pfarher and Diaconi hear individual ("nacheinander ordenlich") confession while the Schüler sing Vesper. Then follows an address ("Predigt") to the group (f. 20–30), a prayer and the absolution. ("Nach dem nun ein yetlichs inn sonderheit verhöret, vn[d] der Absolution begert hat, sol ein predig, vnd die Absolution, wie es vorhin im Capitel, von der Absolution beschrieben, verlesen werden.") In villages with no Latin schools, a German psalm is sung, followed by confession, Predig and Absolution, as in the cities. The hymn may be omitted if there are not enough people to sing it. (f. R4^a)
Sunday services: catechism is held at 6:00 in the summer and at 7:00 in the winter at St. Michel. Catechism exam alternates Sunday by Sunday with a sermon. On the first Sunday: first the Kyrie is sung with the German "Glori sey Gott in der höhe." After a prayer the catechist reads the Gospel for the day and selects a portion from it to instruct the youth. Then the recitation of the catechism by the youth in groups of two. Then announcements. (f. R4^b) Then intercessions. Then the Ten Commandments in German or another hymn d.t. is sung, then a prayer for the children is read (f. S1^a), then the Benediction.
On the second Sunday, after the Schüler sing the Introit, Kyrie and Gloria in excelsis [the Introit is not mentioned above] in Latin, the catechist reads the prayer and the Sunday Gospel with a brief exposition, then explains a portion of the catechism. (f. S1^b) Then the catechism is read, then announcements, the common prayer, the German hymn and Blessing. If there are communicants who did not come the previous evening, they are heard at the close of catechism.
Tagampt: Introit de tempore, Kyrie, Gloria (if appropriate to the time), a "Christliche Oration, oder wie es sonst genant, Collecta," Gradual or Alleluia or Sequence, Gospel, Nicene Creed (if there is time); everything up to this point is sung and read in Latin. Then the communion, consisting of exhortation, blessing and distribution, as outlined in the chapter devoted to it, during which the Schüler sing the Sanctus in Latin. (f. S2^a) Then the sermon [!], at the beginning of which the entire congregation sings the German Glaube or another hymn and at the end of which the general prayer and prayers for the sick are said. The collection for the poor is also taken. Then a German psalm and the Blessing. If there are children to be baptised, this is done after the Kyrie and Collect. If there are no communicants: Introit, Kyrie, Collect, Gradual or Sequence is sung, Gospel, Nicene Creed, sermon preceded by German hymn, closing as above. Sunday afternoon: a sermon is occasionally held if the Kirchendiener is not occupied with other churches. On Ascension and Pentecost the office of None may be held, with Latin singing, psalms and hymns or responsory (f. S2^b), according to the choice of the Pfarherr, then the midday sermon with its German singing.
Sunday and festival Vespers: "Deus in adiutorium" with one or two Latin psalms is sung, then the collect d.t., then a hymn or responsory, then the Epistle or another lesson from Scripture, then if the choir is sufficiently endowed, the Magnificat in German or another hymn, then a brief sermon on the lesson that was read. Then the Litany, then the Oration (see separate chapter) (on the second festival day a German hymn followed by the Blessing replaces the Litany and rest of the service). (f. S3^a)
Tagampt in the villages: first a German hymn, then the Pfarherr reads a German collect (f. S3^b), then a brief hymn, then the Epistle and (if there is time) a summary, then a brief hymn. If there are communicants, communion is held (see chapter on communion), during which a German hymn is sung if there are enough communicants. Then the sermon with the general prayer, as above. Then a hymn, if time permits, and the Blessing. Communion may be held after the sermon if the Pfarher deems it best. (f. V2^a)
Sunday afternoon in the villages: catechism is held at 11:00. On one Sunday the catechism is read and explained; on the next Sunday the children are examined. German psalms and hymns precede and follow the catechism. Vespers may be held if desired, with a brief sermon and psalms. If there is an emergency in the parish, the Litany is sung either at Vespers, at Catechism or in the morning service when there are no communicants. (f. V2^b)
Weekdays in the cities: Monday through Friday a sermon is held with Latin singing at St. Michel. After the sermon is either communion, a baptism or a wedding, as needed. If these are not done, Latin psalms are sung with antiphon, and an Oration and the usual close. On Thursday the Litany is sung after the sermon. In the villages a sermon is held at least once a week if there is no other festival during the week, and the Litany is sung in times of need. (f. V3^a)
Schwäbisch Hall 1615 (Ulm, 1615) s [8/10/93] - official Christliche Agenda oder Kirchen Ordnung... In... Dess Heyligen Römischen Reichsstatt Schwäbischen Hall, Obrigkeit. Cited in Graff 1:58. Graff: based on the 1543 order, but closer to the neighboring areas in the Hauptgottesdienst.
Ch#riôtliche {Agenda} | oder | K\irch\\en O\#rdnu~g/ | Wie es mit der Leh#r Göttliches | Worts/ vnd den {Ceremonien,} auch mit | andern darzu nothwendigen Sachen/ Jn den | Kirchen/ ôo in eines Erbarn Raths/ | Deá Heiligen Römiôchen Reichsôtatt | Schwäbiôchen Hall/ Ob#rigkeit vnd Gebieth | gelegen/ ôoll gehalten werden. | [emblem: 3 angels displaying a shield, 57 @ 67 mm.] | Gedruckt zu Vlm/ durch Johann Meder. | [short rule] | {M DC XV.} || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Vlm/ durch | Johann Meder. | [short rule] | {M DC XV.}
%Size: 126 @ 73 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 8º: A–T^8; $1–5 signed (–A1); J2 signed H2, L3 signed K3 %Pagination: 152 leaves: pp. [{2}] 1–299 [{3}] (misnumbering 68 as 98, 280 as 380, 284 as 484, 294 as 394) %Fingerprint: 1615 08 - b1 A2 or : b2 T5 abe %Preface: `WJewol ein Erbar Rath dieser Statt Schwäbischen Hall" ... `Actum &c. Anno MDCXV. Mense Martio." || [Second preface undated and unsigned.] %Music: none
Parts are very similar to the 1543 order, with most of the text reprinted. Changes are noted below. f. N1^b - in the section "Vom Kirchen Gsang," the following sentence is added in the first paragraph between "inn ewerm hertzen" and "Hieraus ists offenbar": "Summa, Es ist, wie Justinus Martyr sagt, dreyerley Weiá, Gottes Wort in der Kirchen zuhandeln. Erstlich, wann man es liset, prediget, erklärt, anhört, vnnd betrachtet. Darnach, wenn man es singet (vel choraliter, vel figuraliter) Ephes. 5. Coloss. 3. Zum dritten, wann man es schlägt auff Orgeln, Psalter, Harpffen, &c." f. N3^b - Assumption and All Saints are removed from the list of festivals.
Vespers on Saturday: the reading of the lesson is omitted (f. N8^a), otherwise exactly the same.
Early service at St. Michel: at 6:00 in summer and 7:00 in winter. A Christian hymn is sung in German, then the Gospel is read. After the sermon is the general prayer and Blessing.
Second service at St. Michel, St. James the Elder (Jacobi Mojoris) and St. Michael the Archangel: held at 8:00 in the summer and 9:00 in the winter. First the Introit de tempore, then Kyrie, Gloria in Latin, either choraliter or figuraliter, "nach gelegenheit der Zeit." Then a German hymn, baptism (if needed) and sermon, in which the Gospel is treated. (f. O1^b) Then the general prayer, then the communion and blessing. Between the general prayer and communion is sung "Dancksagen wir alle" or a Gloria in German. During communion is sung "Jesus Christus unser Heyland," "Gott sey gelobet" or "Allein zu dir Herr Jesu Christ."
Morning service at St. Katharina and St. Johann: a hymn in German is sung, with the Apostles' Creed in German or "Nun bitten wir den H. Geist." Then the Gospel and sermon. (f. O2^a) Then the general prayer, communion, baptism (if needed) and Blessing.
Sunday morning in the villages: a Christian hymn is sung in German, then a Collect d.t., Epistle; a brief hymn may be sung and a chapter read from the Bible if time permits, then the Apostles Creed in German or "Nun bitten wir" is sung, then the Gospel and sermon. Then the general prayer (f. O2^b), communion (if needed) and Blessing.
Sunday midday: at 11:00 in summer and 12:00 in winter. Catechism is held on alternating Sundays in S. Michel and S. Katharina. A hymn is sung in German, then a part of the catechism is explained. Then the examination, then "Erhalt vns Herr," "O Vatter aller Frommen," "Da pacem" in German or "Du hast vns Leib vnd Seel gespeiset." Then a prayer for the children (see separate section) and Blessing. The same service is held in the country in the summer. (f. O3^a)
Sunday afternoon at St. Michel: at 3:00 is Vespers - "Deus in adjutorium" with a hymn or Gradual or Alleluia or Sequence. Then a German hymn, the sermon, baptism (if needed) and Blessing.
Weekday sermons: held Monday through Friday, alternating churches. A German hymn is sung before the sermon, and the general prayer and Blessing follow. On Thursday the Litany is sung after the sermon, and a Collect is read. In the villages a sermon is held one day a week when there is no other festival, and the Litany is read ("verlesen"), especially in times of need. (f. O4^a) f. O4^b–O5^b - special instructions for Holy Week services (not copied).
Schwarzburg 1549 s [4/3/95] - official
Ordenunge der religion, wie es in grafschaften Schwarzpurg und Stalberg sall gehalten werden. 1549. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:129–30.
Notes from Sehling.
There are two sermons on Sundays and festivals: one in the morning on the Gospel, and one in the afternoon on the Epistle or the catechism. In the cities services are held Wednesday and Friday, and at least one of these is to have a sermon.
On festivals ("feiertage"): in cities with schools Matins is begun with three psalms, a lesson from the Bible and responsories, then the Te Deum in German or Latin or the Quicumque vult, then the Benedictus with antiphon, normally closing with a German collect. Mass begins with a Latin Introit, then Kyrieleison, Gloria, Et in terra, then the German collect with the answer "Amen," then the Epistle in Latin, then in German to the people, (p. 129) then the Gradual in accordance with Scripture or a German Leisen if there is no school, then the Gospel read by the Priester in Latin (as the sermon on it is in German), then "Credo in unum deum" is sung, then the symbol in German, "Wir glauben." Then sermon, then the common prayer for all sorts and conditions, also the exhortation to the communicants. Then the Preface (as in the German Kirchenampt); after the sermon may be sung "Gott der [vater] wan uns bei" or "Es walt uns gott gnedig" or "Lasst uns nu alle dank sagen." After the Preface the choir sings the Sanctus or the people sing "Esaiam den propheten." Then the Pfarher sings the Word of the Supper. After the Elevation the Pfarher sings the Vater Unser, as in the German Kirchenampt. "Wan nicht schuler sein, mach das valch selbs singen das vater unser, darnach geschicht di communio des volk etc." The people may sing "Gott sei gelobet" and other nice Gesang. The Priester closes with one or two German collects, then the Blessing from Numbers. If there are no communicants: Introit, Et in terra where there are Schüler, German Collect, Epistle in German, singing of a German Leisen, Gospel, Wir glauben, sermon, Te Deum or Litany or a good Leison [{sic}], Collect, Blessing as above.
Vespers: the usual psalm and hymn; instead of the chapter if people are present something may be read from the Epistle, or something else may be read from the German Old or New Testament, then a versicle from the Scripture and an antiphon, then the Magnificat (at times in Latin and at times in German), then the antiphon, closing with a collect. In villages where there is no school Latin singing cannot be done so frequently, so more German Leisen should be sung.
Schwarzburg 1574 s [4/3/95] - official
Kirchenordnung wie dieselbe in Ober-Schwarzburgischer herrschaft mit ceremoniis in stedten und dorfern eintrechtig gehalten werden. Cited in Graff 1:43. Title from Sehling 2:126. REPRINT: Sehling 2:132–36.
Notes from Sehling.
Vespers on Saturdays and holy day eves: held for the sake of the penitents and communicants. Rung at the proper time, and the school and church officials assemble in the church. When the bell is finished, Vespers begins with one or two psalms, done in psalter order, then the antiphon taken from the Gospel for the following Sunday or festival, then the Responsory, then one of the schoolboys sings the Gospel in Latin and another reads it in German, then the Hymnus d.t., then the Magnificat with the antiphon from the Gospel. Then the Priest reads a collect, to which the choir sings Amen, closing with the Benedicamus and Deo Gratias. Then the Pfarrer and his Deacons go to appropriate places and hear confession and a statement of faith from each individual person, giving counsel and absolution.
Ampt for Sundays and high feasts: at 7:00, when the bell has rung and the Schuldiener is in the Chor with the boys, the Pfarrer or Capellan in the usual vestments goes in front of the altar, and the boys stand and sing "Veni sancte spiritus," which the Priester also prays devotionally for himself. In villages where there are no schools "Kom heiliger geist" is sung instead. Then the organist plays, and the choir sings the Introit de tempore, then the Kyrie, Gloria and Et in terra in Latin or German figuraliter or choraliter, whichever is customary in a given place. Then the Priester reads a collect before the altar, as in the agendas. After the "Amen" has been sung, he turns to the people and sings the Epistle for the day. Then the Sequence in Latin or a German psalm d.t. from Luther's hymnal in its place. Then the Priester turns to the people and sings the Gospel to the melody in the agendas, then he turns to the altar and sings the Credo (p. 132), then the choir sings the Patrem or the people sing the Glaube, whichever is customary. Then the Pfarrer goes to the pulpit wearing a Chorrock and begins the sermon with a devotional Vater Unser. On the high feasts he sings from the pulpit with the entire church a brief hymn pertaining to the feast: "Ein kindelein" (Christmas), "Christ ist erstanden" (Easter), "Nun bitten wir" (Pentecost), "Gott der vater wohn" (Trinity). Then he reads the Gospel and preaches the sermon, which is not to last more than an hour. Then the people are exhorted to prayer, closing with the Vater Unser and the blessing of St. Paul in the Epistle to the Corinthians. When the Pfarrer leaves the altar a brief Lied is sung: "Danksagen wir alle" or another. On high feasts before the communion the Pfarrer sings the Latin prefaces and then the German Vater Unser; after the Amen the Verba are sung or spoken, then the distribution, the young men first, then the old men, then the young and old women. During the communion the choir sings psalms, or the congregation sings "Jesus Christus" or "Gott sei gelobet" or "Esaia dem propheten" or the 3rd psalm [this is probably the 111th psalm, with the editor misreading "111" as the Roman numeral "3"], and the like. Then the Pfarrer sings or reads a thanksgiving collect, closing with the Aaronic Benediction.
Vespers on Sundays and festivals: rung at 12:00. Begun with a psalm figuraliter or choraliter, whichever is customary, or with an organist if available, then the responsory for the day is sung, or a German Lied from Luther's hymnal in its place. Then a boy from the choir reads a lesson in Latin from the Old or New Testament, and another boy reads the same lesson in German. Then the Hymnus d.t. in Latin or German is sung, and the organist may play alternating verses. Then the Pfarrer or Diacon goes to the pulpit and exhorts [the people] to prayer, as above. On high feasts the text is from the Epistle, but on ordinary Sundays it is from the catechism. Then the sermon, closing with the common prayer. Then the Magnificat in Latin or German with the antiphon belonging to the tone. In places with girls' schools the German psalms and the Magnificat are sung so that the boys sing one verse, the girls the next, and the organist playing the third. Then the Priester reads a collect before the altar, closing with the Benedicamus. On ordinary Sundays after the sermon the boys then recite a section of the catechism with the explanation. On alternating Sundays the girls do the recitation. Then the Magnificat, antiphon, collect and Benedicamus. (p. 133)
Weekdays: sermons are held in cities at least on Tuesdays and Thursdays and optionally on Fridays, and in villages once per week. On Tuesday the text is from the Old Testament, on Thursday from the New Testament. First a psalm in Latin or German is sung, then the Glaube, then the sermon, then a brief Gesang such as "Erhalt uns Herr," "Es wolt uns gott gnedig sein" or "Danksagen wir alle gott." Once a week the Litany is sung after the sermon. Three boys with white Chorröcken kneel before the altar and serve as the first choir. The Schoolboys and congregation are the second choir. Then the Capellan reads a collect, closing with the Blessing, as above, or with the words "Der name des herrn sei gebenedeiet," the congregation answering "Von nun an bis in ewigkeit."
Kinderlehre: held Wednesdays at 12:00 in cities and villages. The boys and girls gather, and "Kom heiliger geist erfülle die herzen" is sung. Then the part of the catechism to be treated is sung. Then two boys or two girls recite the part in question and answer format. Then all the children are examined one after the other. Then "Erhalt uns herr" is sung. Then the Prediger reads the Collect, closing with the Benedicamus." (p. 134)
Schwarzburg 1587 s [11/14/95] - official
Ordnung der fest und feiertage durchs jahr wie dieselben eintrechtig gehalten werden sollen. Cited in Graff 1:43. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 2:137.
Notes from Sehling.
Holy days: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost (2-1/2 days, all with communion if there are communicants); Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Visitation, John the Baptist, St. Michael (full day). If Annunciation falls during Holy Week it is observed on Palm Sunday in the morning, the Palm Sunday Gospel being moved to the afternoon service. The apostles' days are observed in the morning on the day when they fall, with organ if available (including Peter and Paul and Conversion of Paul), except that if an apostle's day falls on a Saturday it is observed on Sunday afternoon. The days of Mary Magdalene, the Beheading of John and the like may be observed on the day of the nearest regular weekday sermon, provided that the usual lessons are read as well. ("Auch sollen die evangelia und epistolae dominicales alweg gesungen werden, damit also auch disfals correspondenz und gleichformigkeit gehalten werde.") This follows the statement that Mary Magdalene, et al. may be observed on other days, so I assume it means that the usual lessons are to be read in addition to those for the holy day; but it could be a parenthetical remark that the Sunday lessons are always to be sung, not spoken.) The order ends with a bit of doggerel: "Wan wir gern theten was gott wollte, / So thet er willig was er sollte." (p. 137)
Schwarzburg 1675 (Rudolstadt, 1675) s [2/16/93] - official
Agenda Schwartzburgica. Cited in Graff 1:43. The last several lines on p. 41 are missing, as are all but the last four lines of p. 42, the last several lines of p. 49 and all but the last four lines of p. 50. All of p. 44 is blank except for the running title. The Wolfenbüttel catalog gives the author as Christian Günter, Graf zu Schwarzburg.
[Within a frame] J. N. J. | {AGENDA} | {SCHVVARTZ-} | {BURGICA,} | Das iôt: | Verzeichniá der Ceremonien/ | Wie ôolche | Die ietzo regierende | G\r#äflich\\e S\ch\\wartz= | burgiôch und Honôteiniôche | ô#ämptlich\\e Herrôchaft | Beyder/ | Sondershäuôiôch= und Rudolôtäti= | ôcher Linien/ | in ihren Kirchen wollen gehalten haben. | Von neuem überôehen | Und | Gedruckt zu Rudolôtadt/ | Bey Caôpar Freyôchmiden und Chriôtoph Fleiôchern. | [rule] | Jm Jahr {M DC LXXV.}
%Size: 186 @ 128 mm. (b1^a) %Collation: 2º: {a}^2 b^2, A–3E^2; $1 signed (–a1) %Pagination: 106 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–203 294 [#=204] (misnumbering 40 as 04) %Contents: a1^a title, a1^b blank, a2^a–b1^b preface, b2^a–3E1^b text, 3E1^b–3E2^b table of contents and index %Fingerprint: 1675 02 - a1#=a2 b di - b1 A h : b2 3D ffen$ %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Gloria incipits in Latin and German (A1^b), Latin Credo incipit (B1^a), German Prefaces for Christmas, Easter and Pentecost (2C2^a–2E2^b), Our Father #2 (2F1^b), Verba #2 (2F2^a–2F2^b), Verba #1 (2G1^a–2G1^b)
The preface mentions the 1650 agenda, copies of which are no longer available. And so the gräfliche Herrschafft has ordered a revision in light of the visitation to be made. (f. a2^b) Prediger are ordered to follow the orders of service given in the agenda exactly and not to deviate from them. All the Lutheran confessions are mentioned. (f. b1^a)
Chapter 1 (p. 1–5): "Von Ordnung des öffentlichen GOttesdiensts."
Vespers with Beichte: one or two hymns sung choraliter, or on festivals, when available, something de tempore can be figured. Where two hymns are sung, between them a boy may read the German Gospel or a penitential psalm, or the questions for Beicht and Abendmahl may be prayed. Concerning the collect, exhortation to the penitents, etc. the usual is followed.
Sunday morning: "Komm Heiliger Geist, erfülle die Hertzen" is sung. Then the Collect pro tempore, and "Schaff in mir, O Gott ein reines Hertze, Alleluja. Und gib mir einen neuen gewissen Geist, Alleluja." Then a collect. (p. 1) Then a Kyrie de Tempore is sung, followed by the Gloria in Latin or German (music given) (p. 2). Further: "Sein Zorn auff Erden hat ein End" or "Allein Gott in der Höh sey Ehr" or something similar. Then a collect de Tempore and the Epistle. Then a German hymn related to the sermon. Then the Gospel, and where usual, the Credo (initial given for Latin Credo). Whereupon a piece is musiciret and the Glaube, if time permits, is sung. Then the Predigt, at the beginning of which before the Vater Unser a hymn de Tempore is sung (see list below). Then the common confession, prayer and intercessions. If there are communicants, the communion follows, closing with the Thanksgiving collect and the Blessing.
Sunday afternoon: Choral-Lied de Tempore is sung. Psalm or Gospel read, where usual. A piece may be figurirt or a hymn sung. The sermon follows, before which a hymn de tempore is sung. Then the Catechismus, Information, singen, Collect and Seegen. (p. 3)
Feast day morning: begun with "Veni Sancte Spiritus" or "Komm H. Geist &c." If time permits, a German versicle and collect (as above) follow the German hymn; if the Latin "Veni" is used, "Cor mundum crea in me Deus, Alleluja." - "Et Spiritum rectum innova in visceribus meis, Alleluja" and a Latin collect follow. Then the Kyrie, the Gloria, Et in terra pax, a German collect de tempore and the Epistle, a festival hymn choraliter, the Gospel, a Figural-Stück (where possible), the Glaube (if time permits), the sermon (preceded by a hymn de tempore from the list below), common confession and prayer (if there are communicants) (p. 4), the usual thanksgiving collect and blessing.
Feast day afternoon: Choral-Gesang de tempore, a psalm or Gospel or chapter from the Bible, a Figural- Stück (where possible) or a Choral-Gesang, the sermon (preceded after an introduction by a hymn de tempore), a Figural- or Choral-Stück, a collect de tempore and the blessing.
Apostles' days, Buá- and other weekday services and Betstunden remain as usual. (p. 5) p. 5–37 - collects for Sundays and festivals. p. 37–39 - hymns "auff der Cantzel... für dem Vater Unser": ADVENT: Gott durch deine Güte OR HErr Christ, der einig Gottes Sohn; CHRISTMAS: Ein Kindelein so löbelich; NEW YEAR: Ein Kindelein so löbelich OR JEsu nun sey gepreiset; PURFICATIONIS MARIAE: HErr nun lässestu deinen Diener OR the German Magnificat; ANNUNCIATION: HErr Christ der einig Gottes Sohn OR the German Magnificat; LENT: O Lamb Gottes unschuldig OR Ehre sey dir Christe; EASTER: Christ ist erstanden OR Also heilig ist der Tag; ASCENSION: Christ fuhr gen Himmel; PENTECOST: O heiliger Geist du Göttlichs Feur OR Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist; TRINITY: Die heilig Dreyfaltigkeit wohn uns bey OR Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist OR (as on other Sundays in the year) HErr Jesu Christ dich zu uns wend; JOHANNIS and VISITATIONIS MARIAE: HErr Christ der einig Gottes Sohn OR the Song of Zachariah OR the German Magnificat; MICHAELIS: Gelobet sey der ewige Gott OR Es stehn für Gottes Throne. p. 39–41 - form of general confession and absolution. p. 42–102 - various prayers and collects. p. 102–12 - German prefaces for the three chief feasts, to the usual tones (music given). The indication is given that the Chorus responds to the versicles. p. 113–20 - order for communion, beginning with the exhortation, then the Vater Unser (to the tone as in Osnabrück 1652, see p. 4 of notes) and the Words of Institution to the tone of Gotha 1682 (see p. 5) or alternatively, to the tone of Osnabrück 1652 (see p. 4). After the communion comes the usual: "Dancket dem HErrn...," "Wir dancken dir Allmächter HERR GOtt...," Aaronic Benediction. p. 197–202 - versicles sung before the collect preceding the Epistle in use in Rudolstadt (one for each Sunday in the year, except for some reason Advent I is missing).
Schweinfurt 1543 ([Nürnberg], 1543) s [8/10/93] - official
Sutel, Johann. Kirchen ordnung eines erbarn Raths des heiligen Reichs Stat Schweinfurt in Francken, wie man sich beide mit der Lehre und Ceremonien halten solle. Cited in Graff 1:52. Graff: author is Johann Sutel. Generally the same as Nürnberg, similar to Sachsen and Braunschweig.
Kircheno#rdnung | Eines Erbarn Raths/ | des heiligen Reichs Stat Schwein= | furt in Francken/ Wie man ôich | beide mit der Lehre vnd Cere= | monien halten ôolle. | 1543. | [crest, 69 @ 56 mm.] | 1. Co#rin. 14. | Laôôets alles züchtiglich vnd | o#rdentlich zugehen. || [Colophon:] Getruckt zu Nürnberg/ durch | Johan Petreium. | [circular emblem, 48 @ 48 mm.]
%Size: 152 @ 103 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: a–g^4 h^6; $1–3 signed (–A1 +H4) %Pagination: 34 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1543 04 - b1 a2 l$vnd : b2 h4 leich$w %Preface: `Vorrede. Jo: S." ... [undated] %Music: none
Saturday Vespers: "Deus in adiutorium," antiphon with 3 Latin psalms, hymn (if pure), a boy reads a lesson from the Old Testament (2 or 3 boys read if the chapter is long) in Latin, then the same lesson is read in German to the people with the Nürnberg summary by Vito Theodoro or the annotation by Dr. Linck (f. c4^a). Then the Schulmeister begins the responsory, then the Magnificat, then the antiphon, Latin collect and Benedicamus.
Sunday morning Matins: the Venite may occasionally be sung, then the antiphon with three Latin psalms, two or three responsories, three readings from the New Testament, including the Epistle and Gospel for the day (read by either boys or laymen ("Burger"). Then the Capellan delivers a sermon. Then the Te deum is sung, at times in Latin and at times in German, "eines vmbs ander" (alternating week by week?). Then the Benedicamus and a German hymn or psalm, such as "Gott der Vater wone vns bey." (f. c4^b)
Vespers on Sunday: as on Saturday. Vespers is also held every day in the same fashion. Weekday morning a service is also held, with a sermon on Tuesday and Thursday. (f. d1^a) Before the sermon a German psalm or two is sung, then the Glaube. After the sermon "Es wölle uns Gott gnedig sein" or another psalm or hymn d.f. is sung. On Tuesday and Thursday the Litany is sung as well before the Prediger mounts the pulpit. First the psalm "Dues Venerunt gentes in häreditatem tuam" is sung, then "Domine non secundum peccata nostra facias nobis," then the Litany, then "Da pacem," Collect and sermon. Then the people are earnestly exhorted to pray that God would turn back the attacks of the Turks. On Monday, Wednesday and Friday the Schuler sing "Deus in adiutorium," then three psalms in Latin with the antiphon, then a lesson from the New Testament (f. d1^b), then the same lesson is read in German with a brief teaching by the Capellan. Then the Benedictus is sung. On Friday before or after the sermon "Tenebr‘ facte sunt" is sung. (f. d2^a) f. d2^a–f4^a - directions for readings, singing, etc. on the various festivals.
Abendtmal: the Introit is sung (f. g3^a), then the Kyrie, Gloria and Et in terra, then the Collect in Latin or German, then the Epistle, Sequence (if pure) or usually on Sundays a German hymn, then the Gospel (from the pulpit), announcements, Credo and Patrem are sung, "Wir Glauben" is sung, sermon, "Behalt vns Herr," exhortation to communion from the Nürnberg order, Words of Institution, Sanctus (f. g3^b), the Vater vnser is sung, distribution, during which the Agnus Dei is sung (and if there are many communicants, "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland" and "Got sey Gelobet"), then the Thanksgiving and Blessing. (f. g4^a)
Catechism: held every Sunday except for high festivals and repeated on Thursday after Vespers. (f. g4^b)
Festivals: New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, St. Matthias, Annunciation, Easter (3 days), SS. Philip and James, Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, St. John the Baptist, SS. Peter and Paul, Visitation, Mary Magdalene, St. James, St. Laurentius, Assumption (but celebrated as Visitation, except that the traditional Gospel is retained) (f. h4^a), St. Bartholomew, Beheading of St. John, Nativity of Mary, St. Matthew, St. Michael, SS. Simon and Jude, All Saints, St. Elizabeth, St. Andrew, St. Thomas, Christmas (with St. Stephen and St. John). (f. h4^b)
Schweinfurt 1576 s [11/3/95] - official
Ordnung, wie es an den sontagen und festtagen alhie zu Schweinfurt unterscheidlich mit orgelschlagen, deutsch und lateinisch singen in unserer kirchen sol gehalten und volendet werden. Zusammengericht anno 76. Cited in Graff 1:52. Manuscript. Graff: mentions German hymnody and organ; see S. Schoeffel, {Kirchenhoheit d. Reichsst. Schweinfurt}, 1918, p. 340. REPRINT: Sehling 11:645–48.
Notes from Sehling. With German and Latin text in parallel columns.
First Sunday: (1) the organist begins to play the Kyrie in Latin, which is repeated verse by verse by the choir; (2) the Kirchendiener sings the Gloria; (3) the choir sings the Latin Et in terra without any preceding organ playing; (4) the Collect and Epistle are read; (5) the organist plays a German psalm d.t. and the choir sings it afterwards; (6) the Gospel is read; (7) the Kirchendiener sings the Credo (p. 645); (8) the choir sings the Latin Patrem, then "Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist" (or in Advent "Wir glauben all" in place of "Nun bitten wir"); then the sermon; (9) after the sermon the organ plays; (10) the exhortation to communicants is read; (11) the Sanctus etc. follows; (12) during the communion the Agnus is sung, with other psalms d.t.
Second Sunday: (1) the organist begins to play the German "Kyrie O herre Gott," which the boys in the choir repeat and sing; (2) the Kirchendiener sings the Gloria; (3) the choir sings the German Et in terra "Allein Gott in der höh" with preceding organ playing; (4) Collect and Epistle; (5) the choir sings the sequence for Trinity [footnote: Benedicta semper sit...] or another d.t.; (6) the Gospel is read; (7) the organ plays; (8) "Kom Heiliger Geist" is sung (p. 646); then the sermon; then the choir sings "Herr Gott und schöpfer aller ding" in four parts ("auf 4 stimmen" or "4 vocum"); then the preparation for communion and other Gesenge, as above.
Third Sunday: (1) the organist begins to play the dominicale Kyrie [footnote: = nach der an einem schlichten Sonntag üblichen Melodie], which the choir then sings; (2) Gloria etc.; (3) in place of the Et in terra the organist plays "irgend ein musicam"; the Latin reads "Organum solum canit Et in terra"; (4) Collect and Epistle; (5) the choir sings a German psalm d.t. (the Latin adds "such as Es ist das heil uns kommen her, Nun freut euch liebe christen gemein, Durch Adams fall, Vater unser"); (6) the Gospel is read (the Latin adds "Tacet organum"); (7) the German Glaube is sung, then the sermon; (8) the choir sings "Erhalt uns Herr"; (9) preparation for communion, etc., as above.
Fourth Sunday: (1) the boys assemble below or above in the Chor [footnote: this could not have been at St. John's two places with one above the other, but rather the "untere Chor" is the Chor in the architectural sense; that is, the "Apsis"; the "obere Chor" is the west balcony. According to the Latin version the normal place for the choir is the balcony, where the organ was also situated.] (Note: the Latin has only "In inferiori choro chorus convenit...") (p. 647). The organist begins to play the Introit for the Sunday (the Latin has "for Trinity"), which is then sung by the choir, as usual; (2) the choir sings the Latin dominicale Kyrie; (3) the deacon chants Gloria; (4) the organist plays something for the Et in terra; (5) the Collect and Epistle are (both) read from the pulpit; (6) if there are adjuvants [footnote: members of the congregation able to sing who support the scholars' choir] the choir may sing something in four or five parts (the Latin has "The choir may sing a motet without an organ prelude"); if there are no adjuvants, the organist plays something and the choir then sings something in German; (7) the Gospel is read; (8) the organist plays a good motet; if the choir has adjuvants and has enough people it may sing something in four or five parts; otherwise after the organ motet the choir sings the Glaube, or if time is running short, "Nun bitten wir" (the Latin has only "Nun bitten wir"); (9) sermon; (10) the organist plays briefly, especially in winter, then the preparation for the communion is read, etc. as above. (p. 648)
Siebenbürgen 1547 ([Latin:] Coronae, 1547 [German:] Cron, 1547) s [9/21/97] - official
Honter[us], Johannes. [Latin:] Reformatio ecclesiarvm Saxonicarvm in Transylvania; [German:] Kirchenordnung aller Deutschen in Sybenbürgen. Cited in Graff 1:65. Graff: dependent on the Wittenberg and North German/Saxon orders; uses the exorcism in baptism. According to Jon Alan Schmidt ([email protected]) this is an expanded edition of Johannes Honter[us], {Formula Reformationis Ecclesiae Coronensis ac totius Barcensis Provinciae} (1542), which included a preface by Melanchthon and was explicity and enthusiastically approved by Luther (Schmidt's translation of part of WA Br 10:393: "Everything you ask of me, you will find written in this book much better than I am able to write it. I liked it very much, so learned, so pure, and so true is the writing.). The order was officially adopted by the Saxon nation in 1550, a year after the death of Honterus. See the post by Schmidt in the archives of the Wittenberg mailing list. Used at: ILL (Columbia Univ.). REPRINT: G. D. Teutsch, {Urkundenbuch der Evangelischen Landeskirche A. B. in Siebenbürgen}, erster Theil (Hermannstadt, 1862), 6–36 (Latin); 36–71 (German).
Notes from the German version of Teutsch.
In order that we might all participate in one bread and one cup, as in the early church, the Abentmal is not to be held more than once per day. (p. 47) Young people are not allowed to the table until they have given an account of their faith: "Junge leut, die am ersten zum heiligen Abentmal begern zu kommen, sollen vnerforscht nit zugelassen werden, sonder sollen dem priester in sonderheit anzeigen iren glauben, vnd sollen in den heubtstucken christlicher leer ierlich erforscht vnd unterricht werden, Wo aber etliche alte leut alle Wort des Catechismi, die man sie vorhyn nie gelernt hat, auss einfeltikeit nit kündten ausswendig sagen, sol man sie darumb vom sacrament nit abweisen. Den Gott fragt mehr nach reinen hertzen, denn nach geschliffnen zungen." (p. 48)
Regarding reconsecration: "Wiewol man auf die zal der Communicanted (so viel möglich ist) mercken sol, auff das man darnach brod vnd wein wiss zu nehmen, wie viel gnüg ist, Doch wo viel mit einander auff ein mal vorhanden sein, auff das niemand seines begeren betrogen werdt, vnd die wort der consecration durch nachlessigkeit nit von newes widerumb gesprochen müssen werden, ists besser das man mehr partickel einleg, Darff sich darumb des vbrigen nit besorgen, Denn die wort der consecration müssen mit der wirckung verstanden werden, auff das allein consecrirt sey das da gehandelt wird, als das man nimpt, isset vnd trinket." (p. 49) In Latin: "Quamuis numerus communicandorum (quatenus fieri potest) obseruandus sit, ut pro illorum numero adhibeatur panis et uinum, quantum uidetur sufficere: Tamen compluribus simul accedentibus, cum de numero non constat: ne quis pius uoto suo fraudetur, aut ne per talem incuriam opus sit saepius reiterare consecrationem: praestat ut particulae numerosiores imponantur. Nec superstitiose de reliquijs est metuendum: quoniam uerba consecrationis cum effectu sunt accipienda, ut hoc duntaxat sit sacrum quod uenit in actionem: id est, quod accipitur, editur et bibitur." (p. 16)
Matins and early service ("Früampt") in cities - on holy days after the first bell the German Litany is sung. Shortly after the second bell Matins is begun as follows: first the "Deus in adiutorium," then three psalms in [biblical] order with the antiphon. But on high feasts three antiphons are used with the usual psalms. Then the versicle with its prayer, and responsories according to the time ("wie sie nach der zeit komen"). Then is sung the "Gloria tibi trinitas" with the "Quicunque vult salvus esse." On great feasts the "Te deum laudamus" [is sung]. If a sermon follows, "Veni sancte spiritus" is sung, otherwise [Matins] closes with the collect and Benedicamus. After this Ampt is held principally in cities the first sermon, before which something is always sung, such as "Der tag der ist so freudenreich" or "Christ ist erstanden" or "vom heiligen geist" or another psalm according to the time of the year. After the sermon is always sung something according to the time (p. 66) or for peace, and whatever is desired. On other days during the week after the first bell the early sermon is held for the youth, before and after which psalms or other Christian songs are sung by the congregation ("...vor welcher am anfang, vnd darnach am ende auch psalmen oder andere christlich geseng in der gmein gesungen werden."). After the second bell the Früampt is sung as follows: "Deus in adjutorium," then three psalms (or two long ones) in [biblical] order with an antiphon related to the time. Finally the versicle with the responsory [is sung], then the collect and Benedicamus. After the Früampt is another sermon, or a chapter is read from the Old or New Testament with a brief explication. Psalms or other songs are sung before and after the sermon in the congregation. This order is held throughout the year.
"Von dem Hohen ampt" - the Mass and Holy Abentmal (without the Canon and other "getichte gauckelwerck") is held as follows: on Sunday in place of the discontinued procession is sung the Canticle of Zacherias, "Gelobet sey der Herr." At Easter, the "Salue festa dies" is sung, and on other holy days the mass is begun with the Introit for the time, or something similar. Then the Kyrie and Et in terra. After the Collect the German Epistle is read facing the people. Then a sequence for the time is sung, such as "Grates nunc omnes" at Christmas. During Lent a Tract or "Domine non secundum" is sung. After Easter "Victimae paschali" is sung with the Alleluia. At other times similar Christian songs are sung in Latin or German. The Gospel is read in German facing the people. Then "Wir glauben" is sung by the congregation, or the Latin Credo [is sung]. Then the "Dominus vobiscum" with the Preface and Sanctus. (p. 67) Then the Prediger turns to the people and speaks clearly the Vater Unser, then he speaks the Words of Consecration over the bread and wine, which he also takes into his hands, one after the other. After this the Agnus Dei is sung. Likewise "Jesus Christus vnser heiland" and whatever else is desired, until the people have communed. Then "Dominus vobiscum," Collect and Benedicamus, closing with the Blessing in the name of the Holy Trinity. After the meal another sermon is held with its Gesenge. If there are no communicants, mass is not held, but instead a German psalm is sung, then the Collect, then a Christian Sequence or Tract, or something according to the time. Then a chapter is read in German from the New Testament, lectio continua, except that in Lent the German Epistles and Gospels are read on their assigned days. Then "Wir glauben all" is sung, with the versicle and collect on the Holy Trinity. Then the other suffrages follow, especially for the King. [Then] "for the forgiveness of sins and for peace with their versicles and collects." Then the Benedicamus and Blessing. This order is used throughout the year.
Vespers - Nothing at all is changed in Vespers. After the usual opening the antiphons, psalms and hymns according to the days are always sung, with the responsories as they are held or omitted on weekdays. But on Christmas, Easter, Ascension and Pentecost, and in First and Second Vespers of certain other holy days, the antiphons with their own psalms are retained. The fifth psalm is normally sung in German for the edification of the common people, except after Easter, when "In exitu israel" is sung according to the old use. The hymns are also sung according to the time, and no others. Then the versicle (p. 68), [and] Magnificat with its antiphon. Then the Collect and Benedicamus. This order is used throughout the year. Other matters pertaining to the antiphons, versicles and responsories for the year can be found in the antiphonaries, although one never uses any that call upon created things, contain supplications for the dead, or are otherwise not based in Scripture. During Lent, shortly after Vespers or Compline, the Catechism text is read to the youth; that is, the Ten Commandments, the Glaube, the Vater Unser, and the words of Baptism and Holy Communion. The same wording is to be used each time for these so that the children may better learn them. Something may also be sung to the youth for their instruction ("Darauff mag man auch dem iungen volck zu leer etwas singen.") Catechism is not to be omitted in the villages. The foregoing are the divine offices that are to be observed in the cities, and nothing is to be changed or omitted without sufficient cause.
Ceremonies in villages - the preceding order of Matins is to be used in villages except when sufficient help is lacking or there are other urgent reasons; likewise with the Mass, except that in villages the sermon is held after the Glaube with its Gesang. Likewise with Vespers, which is held in villages only on holy days and the preceding days. (p. 69) If there are not enough clergy to carry out the preceding orders, Vespers is not to be omitted, but rather sung with German psalms. Then the Priest reads something to the people from the Old or New Testament, closing with a Christian psalm. On weekdays the following order is held: early in the morning at the customary time, shortly after the bell is rung, a psalm or two (in order, as above) is sung in Latin, then the responsory and a German psalm. Then in place of the sermon a lesson from the catechism or the like [is read], closing with a German Gesang. In the High Ampt without commmunion, a German psalm is sung, then the lesson from the New Testament facing the people. Then "Wir glauben all," with the other suffrages, collects and Benedicamus. This is held daily in all villages that formerly held two "kirchenamter"; it is not to be omitted except in emergencies. After a burial no ceremonies are held except for a comforting exhortation to the people. The Office for the Dead is banished from the church. (p. 70)
Soest 1532 ([Lübeck, 1532])
Der Erbaren, Erenriker Stadt Sost Christlike Ordenunge, tho denste dem hilgen Euangelio, Gemenem vrede und eindrackt, ouergesen dorch D. Urbanum Regium, und mit euer des sülfftigen Latinschen Commendation, Dorch Gerdt Omeken van Kamen, Beschreuen. Cited in Graff 1:38. Graff: closely dependent on Braunschweig 1528.
Richter reprints only excerpts, not enough to determine whether there is an agenda.
Stade [ca. 1620–22] s [11/11/95] - official
Kirchenordnung. Cited in Graff 1:33. Manuscript. Apparently nothing is known about this source. Graff cites Uhlhorn, 281ff. REPRINT: Sehling 7:1:50–61.
Notes from Sehling.
High feasts: special instructions are given as to times and places for services. At the beginning of the sermon from Christmas Day to Epiphany is sung "Gelobet seystu, Jesu Christ" or "Ein kindelein so löbelich"; during ("in") Easter "Christ ist auferstanden"; on ("am") Ascension "Christ (p. 54) fuhr zu himmel"; during ("in") Pentecost "Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist"; on ("an") Michaelis "Ein feste burg ist unser Gott." Instructions for sermon texts on other holy days follow. Holy days are not listed individually, but it is clear that all the usual holy days and apostles' days are observed.
Concerning singing before the altar: Before the sermon the Kaplan sings after "Allein Gott" "Der Herr sey mit euch." (Response.) Then a prayer related to the Gospel. (Response.) Then the Epistle is read. After the sermon an exhortation is read to the people, then the Vater Unser and Verba are sung. After the distribution "Der Herr sey mit euch" is sung (followed by response), then the Danksagung (and response), and finally the Blessing is sung. After the sermon on festivals, Sundays and weekdays is sung "Der Herr sey mit euch" (with response) or on weekdays "Gott gibe friede in unserm lande" (with response), then a prayer or thanksgiving (with response), then the Blessing is sung, which is omitted after the midday sermon. In this section the responses are indicated by an ornamented "R."
Concerning cantors, organists and Küster: all sermons are to be started with singing a half hour early ("Alle predigten sollen ein halbe stunde zuvor mit dem gesange angefangen werden.") Vespers is sung every Saturday and festival eve at 1:00. In Vespers neither the Pastor nor the Kaplan has anything to read or sing in front of the altar, but has only to hear confession. "Der küster soll die kirche sauber halten, zu rechter zeit leuten, brodt und wein zum h. abendmahl auf daá altar verschaffen, lichte zu rechter zeit in den finstern tagen in der kirchen aufsetzen, dem pastorn und kaplan ansagen, wen beichtkinder, kinder zu taufen, braut und bräutigam in der kirchen verhanden und waá sonsten sein küsterampt bey verrichtung des gottesdienst erfodert und der gehorsam und dienst, seinen pastoren zu leisten, mit sich bringet." (p. 56)
Stettin 1573 s [3/6/95] - visitation
[Visitation ordinance of May 10, 1573]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 4:531–34.
Notes from Sehling.
(p. 531) The office of the Kuster at St. Jacob's is to sing when the laity gather and to hear the catechism Sunday at noon (section V), to prepare and attend to the altar (section VII), to open and close the church at the proper time, to ring for Matins and Vespers. (p. 532) The two clerks should not make excuses why these have not been done (section VIII).
The boys are to read not only Latin lessons on Mondays and Thursdays, but German as well, so that the people assembled in the church can understand what is being read (section IX).
Because the people do not sing fluently and together, the Custodes is not to absent himself after the sermon is done, much less is he not to appear at all, but he is to stand by the altar and sing along (section 10).
The Custers at St. John's and St. Nicholas are to open ("eröffnen") the pulpit at the proper time, have the books in the church ready, take care of the lamps (section XIII) and attend to funerals (section XV). They are not to visit the sick or to give them communion without permission of the Prediger, except in emergencies when the Prediger is not available (section XVI). One of them is to distribute the cup at the frequent times that the number of communicants requires four people to distribute the sacrament (section XVIII). They also have duties at weddings (section XIX). The one who preaches in the village is to prepare his sermon well and is to care well for his people (section XXI) With great devotion they are to administer the sacrament of baptism. They are also to be diligent in the administration of confession and careful in the administration of communion, so that the wine does not spill. (section XXII)
Transcription of last two sections: "XXII. Es soll auch er, Lucas, so zu dorf predigt, fleissig auf seine predigt studiren, sich accomodiren und lenken nach dem gemeinen volk, nicht viel subtiele fragen machen, auch gefasst sein mit feinen, deutlichen, claren, hellen sprüchen, wen sie sollen die kranken trösten, die ungeschickten lehren, die irrigen vormanen, die halstarrigen strafen, doch das sie sich enthalten, von den unzeitigen scheldwort geben, nicht balde die leute dem teufel lasse, nicht privataffekten mit unterlaufen, machen sich den pauren nicht gar gemeine. XXII. Uberdas sollen sie mit grosser andacht und ehrerbietung das sacrament der heiligen tauf vorreichen, die leute treulich vormanen, deutlich und clar alles ablesen, auch in der beicht sie fleissig examiniren, vorhören, vormanen, strafen, trösten, vorsichtig sein in der ausspendung des abendtmals des herrn Jesu Christi, das sie den kelch halb voll giessen damit kein unraht daraus erfolge. Und was sonst getreuen und fleissigen custodibus eigent und gebüret und der kirchenordnung gemess ist, sich jeder zeit vorhalten."
The organist's office: (1) begin playing and stop at the proper time; (p. 533) (2) on festivals check with the cantors concerning the music ahead of time; (3) not allow others to play the organ without the Pastor's permission; (4) take proper care when using the organ, on account of its cost; (5) tune the organ at the proper time, not when confession is being heard or when the singing has already begun; (6) not play secular songs or dances on the organ; (7) live a decent and godly life, forsaking the Stadtkeller and untimely games with cards, dice, and the like; (8) keep the peace with other organists; (9) keep peace with the cantors as well, "nicht oftmals inen zu vordruss zu hoch stimmen oder sonst mit unterheulen," nor fantasizing on the organ when the congregation is singing psalms; (10) not overcharge for weddings; (11) not hire secular instrumentalists, who displease the ministerium ("Sie sollen nicht ausgeben vor gemeine spielleute, daraus vorachtung des ministerii folgt."); (12) remain in church during the sermon ("Das sie auch das ministerium in allen ehren halten und nicht von der orgel alsbald aus der kirchen laufen und gottes wort verachten und verseumen."); (13) not to travel without the knowledge and cooperation of the pastor and deacon, and do everything else appropriate to the organist's office.
Steuerwald/Peine 1561 (Hamburg, 1561) s [11/13/95] - official
Kirchenordnunge in baiden gerichten, Steurwoldt unde Peine. REPRINT: Sehling 7:2:1:769–86.
Notes from Sehling.
Ceremonies, sermons and catechism: Above all the German psalms and hymns of Luther should be used in the church, which contain nearly the entire catechism within them. Each father should teach them to his wife, children and servants and have them sing the songs in church and while at work. (p. 780) On Saturdays Vespers is rung, and the Pfarher waits in the church to hear the communicants. On Sunday first is sung the Te Deum, "Gott der Vater wahn uns bey" or "Nun freuwet euch lieben Christen gemain," then "Allein Gott," then the Pfarher sings a German collect, then he reads the Epistle for the day to the people. Then the people sing a German psalm such as "Vater unser im himelreich," "Es ist das hail," (p. 781) "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam," or another. Then the Pastor reads the Gospel to the people, then the entire congregation sings "Wir glauben," then "Nun bitten wir den hailigen Gaist" or "Kom hailig Gaist"; from Christmas to Purification "Ein kindelein so löbelich" and from Easter to Pentecost "Christ ist erstanden," then the sermon, then is sung "Erhalt uns, Her" with the versicle "Her, gib frid in unserm lande" and the collect. Then the Pfarher reads the exhortation of Pomeranus from the Braunschweig KO and always exhorts those not communing to remain in the church and not exit like cattle right after the sermon (an exception is made for pregnant women and those with small children). (p. 782) Then the Pfarher turns to the altar and sings the Vater Unser and the Words of Institution. During the communion the Opferman sings with the people "Jesus Christus, unser hailant" or "Got sei gelobet," according to the number of communicants, and the pastor, insofar as possible, should commune last. After the communion the Pfarher sings "Last uns beten" and the collect "Wir danken dir." Then the Blessing, then the Opferman sings with the people "Sei lob und ehr mit hohem preis." If there are no communicants, after the sermon the Opferman sings the German Litany, then follows a German collect for all needs, then the Blessing as above.
In the afternoon the people, especially the children, return to church. The Opferman sings "Dis seint die hailigen zehen gebot" with the people, then he reads the five chief parts to the people without explanation. Then the Pfarher explains one or two sections with Luther's explanation. (p. 783) This lasts about a half hour. Then the Opferman and people sing "Mensch, wiltu leben seliglich" or "Erhalt uns, Her, bei deinem wort," then the collect and blessing, as above.
On Friday mornings (except during harvest) the Pfarher holds a sermon on the catechism. (p. 784)
Stralsund 1555 s [3/7/95] - official (?) [Entwurf einer Kirchenordnung für die Stadt Stralsund vom Jahre 1555]. Cited in Graff 1:27. Manuscript. Graff: a draft. REPRINT: Richter 2:167–69; Sehling 4:550–52.
Notes from Sehling.
At St. James: when the entire congregation sings along the congregation alternates verses with the choir ("Tom drudden, diewile dat latinsche singent nicht dent vor dem gemenen man: so scholen de scholer up sunderge tiden dat singent de tempore voraff singen; und wen de gemene kerke mit singet, so schölen se mit ehn ein vers umme den andern singen.") (p. 550)
On Saturdays Vespers is rung at 2:00, and Latin Vespers is sung with psalms, antiphon, lessons, responsories, hymns, Magnificat, collects, etc., as in the Treptow KO. An exhortation is read concerning confession and communion, and following this confession is held.
On Sunday Latin [Matins] is held in all three churches, at St. Mary in Latin or German. At St. Nicolaus and St. Jacob a lesson is read in Latin and German, and then a German psalm if desired by the pastor (?). Then a break is taken while the children go home and get warm. At 7:30 the scholars appear again in the Chor and sing a Latin Introit or German psalm ("Gelavet si der here van Israel," "Ut deper noth," "Erbarme di miner," or another). Then the threefold Kyrie and Gloria in excelsis, then "Alleine godt in der högede," then the Collect and Epistle in German; then the Vader unse, Ten Commandments, "Ick röpe to di" or another psalm is sung, and on Christmas, Easter and Pentecost the Sequence with the German hymn d.f. Then the Gospel in German. Then "Wi geloven," or at times the Patrem. Then the sermon, Preface (which may be omitted if pressed for time), Vater Unser, Words of Institution, Sanctus (on festivals, else "Hilich is godt de vader" in German, as Luther has translated it from Isaiah). During the communion is sung "Jesus Christus," "Godt si gelavet" and the like; then the Collect and Benediction.
Vespers on Sunday is sung in all churches: at St. Jacob after the sermon and at St. Nicolaus before the sermon, after which follows Vespers in German; that is, a German hymn and Magnificat. At St. Mary's the sermon is first, then Vespers.
On weekdays before the sermon is sung in all churches a psalm with antiphon, then three lessons in Latin and German are read from the sermon text. After the sermon is the Benedictus with the antiphon. And after the scholars have sung a German psalm with the church they return to school, except when the catechism is recited, in which case they remain. (p. 551)
Straáburg 1524 (1524) s [11/12/93] - semiofficial
Ordenung und inhalt, Teutscher Mess, so yetzund im gebrauch haben Ewangelisten und Christlichen Pfarrherren zu Straszburg. Not at: BerlinPS: Dr 17542 (not found in shelflist). REPRINT: Smend 125–38; Friedrich Hubert, {Die Straáburger liturgischen Ordnungen im Zeitalter der Reformation} (Göttingen, 1900), p. 57–77. Notes taken from Hubert.
Confession, Introit with Gloria patri, Kyrie, Gloria in excelsis, "Der Herr sey mit euch," Collect, Epistle, Alleluia, Gospel, Nicene Creed (Apostles' Creed), Priest prepares the bread and wine, exhortation to prayer for an acceptable offering, "Der herr sey mit euch," Preface, Sanctus, Benedictus, Canon with Elevation, Sermon (actually a brief prayer), Vatter vnser, Agnus dei ("O du lamb gottes"), brief exhortation to the communicants, distribution, after which the priest kneels and speaks the Nunc dimittis ("o herr, nun lastu deynen diener"), then the Commun[ion] "Gott sey gelobet vnd gebenedyet," "Der herr sey mit euch," Collect, "Der herr sey mit euch," Benediction, Collect, Nunc dimittis.
Straáburg 1525c s [12/8/95] - private (?)
Köpfel, Wolf. Strassburger kirchenampt, nemlich von Insegnung der Eeleut von Tauf vnd des herren nachtmal, mit etlichen Psalmen, die am end des büchlins, ordentlich verzeychnet sein. Note in Smend (p. 125): Lost.
Smend had access to a reprint or reconstruction of the lost original. The order of service is very similar to that of 1530: see Straáburg 1530 for notes.
Straáburg 1525d (Straáburg, 1525) s [11/12/93] - official
Teutsch Kirche[n] ampt mit Lobgsengen, un[d] gotlichen psalmen, wie es die gemein zu Straáburg singt... See K. Ameln, "Zur Frage der Datierung des `Teutsch Kirchen ampt,'" JbLH 12 (1967): 140–148. REPRINT: [Erfurt, 1848] (Berlin: an Eh 516). Also in Friedrich Hubert, {Die Straáburger liturgischen Ordnungen im Zeitalter der Reformation} (Göttingen, 1900), p. 77–82.
Notes from Smend. Smend reprints Straáburg 1524 and notes changes in 1525 in the footnotes. There are four different editions of Straáburg 1525, all but one undated; Smend refers to them as C.1, C.2, C.3 and C.4 (the numbers are actually in superscript). Some editions have (more) musical notation. The page numbers below refer to Smend. I am reporting only the differences from 1524 that are liturgically significant.
C.4 gives an additional Offene Schuld (p. 126).
C.3 allows other psalms to be sung in place of the Introit. (p. 127)
C.3 and C.4 allow lectio continua in place of the Epistle and Gospel. (p. 128)
C.3 includes an instruction to say the Canon ("Volgt der Canon"). (p. 131)
C.3 and C.4 include after the cup is consecrated the words "Als oft jr das thut, spricht der herr, so thut es in meiner gedechtnüs und verkünden den tod des herren, bis er komme." (p. 133)
Straáburg 1526 r [12/8/95] - private (?)
Köpfel, Wolf. Psalm[e] gebett, vnd Kirchen übu[n]g wie sie zu Strassburg gehalten werden. Apparently without the service order of 1530. See Smend, p. 138.
Straáburg 1530 ([N.p.], 1530) s [12/8/95] - private (?)
Köpfel, Wolf. Psalmen, gebett und kirchenübung, wie sie zu Strassburg gehalten werden.
Order of mass: confession and Trostspruch, then the church sings a psalm (the Miserere or another) in place of the Introit, then the Kyrie and Gloria. Then a brief prayer related to the sermon, such as the following: "Der herr sey mit euch. Laát uns bitten: Barmherziger, ewiger Gott und vatter &c." Then the church sings a psalm or several verses from a psalm. (In "E" the psalm follows the Epistle.) (p. 139) Then the Epistle or a lesson in place of it, then the Gospel or a lesson in its place. After the sermon the people sing the Glaube ("E" specifies the Apostles' Creed or "Wir glauben all" or another Lied; in "E" this may be omitted) or at times a Christian psalm. Then a prayer on the offering of Christ for us and our lives in thanksgiving. Then "Der herr sey mit euch. Lassen uns bitten. Allm. barmh. &c." (p. 140) Or another prayer for the government, various needs and the right reception of the sacrament. ("E" inserts here a direction that the congregation sings "Vatter unser, wir bitten dich.") Then the exhortation to the communicants. (p. 141) The the Words of Communion. Then the Pfarrer says "Jr, so mit mir wöllen des herren Nachtmal entpfahen und so sich anzeygt haben, kommen nun her, und Gott wölle eüch geschickt machen und verleyhen, sein tod in rechtem glauben zu bedenken und mit warer dankbarkeit zu verkünden. Amen." During the distribution the church sings "Gott sey gelobet" or another psalm. Afterwards a prayer is said, then the Blessing. (p. 142)
Straáburg 1598 (1598) s [8/7/93] - official
Form und Gebett, Zu dem Ehe einsegnen, Heyligen Tauffe... wie es zu Strassburg, unnd anderswa gehalten wirdt... Kirchen Ordnung zu Strassburg, An 1598.
KirchenOrdnung\/ | W\ie es mit d\er L\eh\= | re Göttlich\es W\orts/ vnd den Cere= | monien/ Auch mit anderen daz#º | nothwendigen Sachen/ | J\n der Kirchen z#º Straôzburg\/ biá hie- | her gehalten worden/ Vnd fürohin/ mit verlei= | hung Göttlicher Gnade/ gehalten werden ôoll. | [woodcut, 69 @ 105 mm.] | Mit Befreiung eines Erbarn Rhats | daôelbôt/ Nit nachzudrucken. | Gedruckt z#º Straáburg/ bey Joôt Martin/ | [short rule] | {®ANNO M. D. XCVIII.¯}
%Size: 150 @ 93 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–3B^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 192 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–375 [{1}] (misnumbering 101 as 110); on p. 234 the numeral `4" is backwards
%Fingerprint: 1598 04 - b1 A2 fft$es$ : b2 3B3 159.$Fo %Preface: `WJr Georg Jacob Bock von Erlenburg, Der Meister vnd der Rhat, sampt vnsern Freunden, den Ein vnd Zwäntzigen, des heiligen Römischen Reichs Freyen Statt Straáburg" ... `Decretum Zinstags, den 14. Martij, Anno M. D. XCVIII." %Music: none
The first 83 pages are a history of the controversies since the Reformation, especially those regarding the Abendmahl; the purpose is to justify Straáburg's acceptance of the Formula of Concord.
Daily services: morning prayer held at 6:00 in the winter and 5:00 in the summer in the seven parishes of the city. In the cathedral and in the Mutterkirche there is a daily sermon at 8:00 and another at 3:00 in winter and 4:00 in summer in the cathedral. (p. 90–91) There are also special sermons in Lent and during Holy Week. (p. 91) On Sunday there are two midday sermons, one in the cathedral, the other at St. Aurelia, and there is an evening sermon at 11:00 in the winter and 12:00 in the summer in the cathedral. (p. 92)
Order of the Amptpredigten on Sunday: first "wird georglet vnd gesungen" chosen by the Pfarrer according to the time and sermon topic. Then "Vnser Anfang seie im Namen Gottes, des Vatters, des Sohns, vnd des heiligen Geistes, Amen." Then a confession, spoken by the congregation (p. 93), Trostspruch and absolution (p. 98). Then another hymn is sung. The Pfarrer goes to the pulpit and invites the congregation to prayer and has them devotionally pray a Vater Unser. After the Gospel is read the sermon is preached. Then the announcements and general prayer (sample given). (p. 99) This ends with a Vater Unser spoken by the congregation (p. 101). Then another hymn and the Blessing (actually a Thanksgiving, Benediction and Dismissal).
Midday sermon on Sunday: begun with organ and hymn, as in the morning. Then the sermon and general prayer (p. 102). The service is closed with "Orglen, vnd dem Gesang, vnnd mit dem Segen, gleich wie in den Amptpredigten."
Sunday evening service in the cathedral: begun with the usual singing, or on high feasts also with organ. Then the Prediger goes to the pulpit and exhorts to prayer (p. 104), reads the Epistle and preaches the sermon on it, about a half hour. Then the common prayer, and "Lasset darauff ein jeden bei sich selbst das Vater vnser betten" [i.e., a silent Vater Unser]. Then another hymn, Thanksgiving and Blessing. (p. 105)
Early morning prayer: the Kirchendiener goes to the pulpit when the bells have finished ringing and exhorts the people to prayer (sample given) (p. 108), ending with an Unser Vater spoken by the people. A sermon follows, not to exceed a half hour, and then a brief prayer (including intercessions, if any), ending with the Vater Unser, Thanksgiving and Blessing.
Twice-daily sermons in the cathedral: singing and prayer before and after the sermon, as in the Sunday evening service, except that different texts are used. (p. 109) The entire service should not last more than an hour.
Tuesday Bettag: service at 8:00 in the cathedral, begins as with other daily sermons. The Psalms are used as texts. After the sermon the Litany is done. The entire service should not last more than an hour and a quarter. A similar service is held in all churches the last week of each month. (p. 110)
"Von dem Gesang, vnd den Orglen" (p. 139–41) - this section is so interesting that I am copying it entire. At the end of each paragraph is a brief summary in English.
"GLeich wie wir nit billichen könden, noch sollen, den vielfältigen Miábrauch, welcher in dem Bapstum[b] mit dem Gesang vnd den Orglen getrieben worden, Also könden wir auch der jenigen Fürnemmen nit loben, noch gut heiáen, Welche das Gesang, vnd das Orglen, als eitel Bäpstischen Saurteig, auá der Kirchen allerdings auámustern. [Although we do not approve of the many misuses of music and organs that occurred under the papacy, neither do we approve of those who would remove them from the churches.]
Dann erstlichen vom Gesang zureden, Haben wir desselben vielfaltige herrliche Beuelch vnd Exempla, nit allein im Alten, Sondern auch im Newen Testament, Als Ephes. 5. Werdet voll Geistes, vnd redet vntereinandern von Psalmen vnd Lobgesängen, vnd geistlichen Liedern, Singet vn[d] spielet dem Herrn in ewern Hertzen, vnd saget danck allezeit für alles, &c. Vnd Col. 3. Lasset das wort Christi vnter euch reichlich wohnen, in aller Weiáheit, Lehret vnd vermahnet euch selbst, mit Psalmen vnd Lobgesängen, vn[d] geistlichen lieblichen Liedern, vnd singet dem HErrn in ewerm Hertzen. [Gives biblical precedents for music.]
Was aber die Musicam figuratam, vnd die Orgeln anbelanget, Bringet es die Erfahrung selbst mit, das dadurch der Zuhörenden Hertzen vn[d] Gemüte ermuntert vnd erfrischet werden, Gott den HErrn auch mit jhrem Mund vnnd Gesang, desto frölicher zu loben vnd zu preisen. [Figural and organ music enliven the hearts of the listeners to the praise of God.]
Jedoch soll in allweg dahin gesehen werden, Das solche figurata Musica, vnd das Orglen, weder das gemeine Gesang der gantzen Kirchen, noch den vbrigen [p. 140] Gottesdienst mit Predigen vnd Betten, verhindert vnd zulang auffhalte. [But such figural and organ music must not hinder either the singing of the entire church or the other acts in the service.]
Darumb, wann man die Musicam figuratam vnd die Orgel gebrauchen will, Soll es folgender gestalt gehalten werden. Erstlich, das der Organista bei zeit anfange, zu ende des letsten leutens, als bald ein zimliche Gemein versamlet ist. Wie dan[n] deágleichen die Senger, in allen andern Predigte[n], auch thun sollen, wan[n] schon nit georglet, oder figurirt wird. Zum andern, dz er vor vn[d] vnter de[m] Gesang der Kirchen, nit frembde Stucke vnd Moteta schlage, Sondern eben das jenig, was hernach die Gemeine singen soll. Damit sich auch das Orgeln vnd Singen nit zu lang verziehe, Soll er, nach dem er intonirt, nit vber ein, oder zum höchsten zweimal, vnter das Gesang der Kirchen schlagen, Sondern derselben jhre zeit lassen, jhr Gesang mit gemeiner Stimme vnd Andacht zuuerrichten. [Therefore, the following is to be observed: The organist is to begin as soon as the bell has finished ringing and enough people have gathered; likewise the singers, when there is no organ or figural music. The organist is not to play unfamiliar pieces and motets, but rather the same ones that the congregation is about to sing. So that the organ playing and singing do not last too long, after the introduction the organist is to play not more than once (or at most twice) during the congregational singing (this refers to organ interludes between stanzas).]
Wenn aber der Gottesdienst allerding verrichtet, vnd dem Volck der Segen gegeben ist, Als dann mag der Organist auch andere Stucke schlagen, oder auch Lateinische Moteta singen lassen, Dabei dann jederzeit ohn zweiuel die jenige gern bleiben werden, die Lust vnd Anmut dazu habe[n], Vnd wird doch das gemeine Volck, welches lieber seinen Geschäften nachgeht, dadurch nit verhindert, noch auffgehalten. [The organist may play other pieces or have Latin motets sung after the final benediction. At that time those who want to hear the music may stay, and the others can leave.]
Wann auch die Gesänge, welche das Volck singet, getheilet werden, das entweder der Organist dazwischen schlägt, oder ein theil des Gesangs, biá nach der Predigt gesparet wird, Welches letstere doch allein bei den längeren Gesängen geschehen soll, Soll man die Gesänge also theilen, das was dem Verstand vnd jnnhalt nach zusammen gehöret, bei einandern bleibe, vn[d] nit von einandern gerissen werde. [If the congregational songs are divided, either because the organist plays interludes or because part of a hymn is left until after the sermon (this should happen only with long hymns), they are to be divided in a place that makes sense textually.]
[p. 141] Damit auch solche bequeme Abtheilung der Gesänge desto gewissen erhalten, Auch sonsten andern mehren Vnrichtigkeiten, welche sich biáher mit dem Gesang vnd den Gesangbüchlin zugetragen haben, desto baá möge begegnet vnd vorkommen werden, So soll fürohin de[n] Buchdruckern nit frei stehn, die Gesangbüchlin jhres gefallens anzuordne[n], dauon oder dazu zuthun, Sondern es soll der Kirchen Conuent ein Exemplar verordnen, welches man künftig in dieser Kirchen vnd Schule gebrauchen vnd erhalten solle. [In order to make dividing hymns easier, and to correct other problems, book printers are no longer free to put together a hymnal any way they please; but rather the church council is to put together an official book.] Jn demselben Gesangbüchlin, sollen auch bei den Psalmen, gewisse Zeichen gesetzet, vnd in allen Nachdrücken behalten werde[n], An welche[n] Orten sich die Psalmen vnd Gesänge, zum bequemesten lassen theilen. [In this hymnal possible dividing places for psalms and hymns are to be indicated.]
Was aber andere Lateinische Gesänge vnd Hymnos anlanget, die von alters her bei denen Kirchen, welchen die Lateinische Sprach gemein vnd bekant gewesen, angestellet vnd gesungen worden, Werden dieselbe in der Schule, mit der studierenden Jugend, geübet vnd getrieben." [Ancient Latin hymns are still to be used in the school.]
Abendmahl: observed every Sunday in the cathedral, certain other churches every two weeks, every four weeks at S. Aurelia and some others. Held in all churches on Easter, Pentecost, Christmas and New Year's. On Saturday evening a service is held: a hymn is sung, the people are exhorted to a fruitful hearing of God's word, then the teaching concerning the Abendmahl is covered in a sermon (p. 159), then the public confession and absolution (as on Sunday in the main service), then the prayer for worthy reception of the supper, then the prayer "für alle Stände" (all sorts and conditions of men), a hymn, Thanksgiving and Blessing. Those desiring individual confession before communion remain.
Young people attending communion for the first time are first to be presented by the parents to the pastor for examination: "Wann auch junge Knaben vnd Töchtern, das erste mal zum heil. Abendmal gehn wöllen, Werden sie zuuor jnsonderheit jhrem Pfarrer oder Kirchendiener durch die Eltern fürgestellet, Das sie nit allein befraget, wie sie in jhrem Christenthumb gegründet, Sondern auch desto ernstlicher vermahnet werden könden, Wie sie sich fürthin, in allem jhrem Wandel sollen verhalten." (p. 160)
Order for Abendmahl: after the prayer following the sermon the communicants go to the altar while the German "Grates nunc omnes" or "Danck sagen wir alle" is sung. (p. 162) The Pfarrer reads the exhortation (p. 163). Then "Der HERr seie mit euch. Lasset vns betten" and a collect (p. 166). Then the Words of Institution (p. 167). After communion is a Thanksgiving (not the same one used in north Germany) and Blessing. (p. 168) During the communion is sung "Gott seie gelobet" and "Jesus Christus vnser Heiland." Other hymns may be sung if there are many communicants, such as "Nun frewt euch liebe Christen gemein." (p. 169–70)
Catechism instruction after the Sunday midday service: the usual hymns before the instruction are sung so that the youth become familiar with them (p. 170), and the prayer at the front of the catechism is read. Then the six chief parts are read (p. 171), then the children are examined.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas and New Year's with communion; St. Stephen, Good Friday, Easter and Pentecost Monday and Ascension with morning sermon (Amptpredigt) and early sermon in all churches. Also apostles' days, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Visitation, Nativity of St. John the Baptist, the Beheading of same, Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene and Michaelis with early sermon in all churches. (p. 213)
Straáburg 1598 (Straáburg, 1598) r [8/7/93]
Forma der Ceremonien, Lectionum und Gebette... in der Kirchen zu Straáburg gebräuchlich.
An excerpt from the Kirchenordnung of the same year. Straáburg 1601 (Straáburg, 1601) r [8/7/93]
Kirchen Ordnung... zu Strassburg. Cited in Graff 1:63.
A reprint of the 1598 order with the same page layout.
Straáburg 1603 (Straáburg, 1603) r [8/7/93]
Kirchen Ordnung... zu Straszburg.
A reprint of the 1598 order, with the same page layout.
Straáburg 1605 (Straáburg, 1605) r [8/7/93]
Kirchen Ordnung... Cited in Graff 1:63.
A reprint of the 1598 order, with the same page layout.
Straáburg 1606 (Straáburg, 1606) r [8/7/93]
Forma der Ceremonien, Lectionum und Gebette... in der Kirchen zu Straáburg gebräuchlich.
A reprint of the 1598 agenda, which reprints portions of the 1598 Kirchenordnung.
Straáburg 1633 (Straáburg, 1633) r [8/7/93]
Forma der Ceremonien, Lectionum und Gebett... in der Kirchen zu Straáburg gebräuchlich und auá derselben Kirchenordnung in diá Handbüchlin zusammen gebracht.
A reprint of the 1598 agenda, which reprints portions of the 1598 Kirchenordnung.
Straáburg 1670 (Straáburg, 1670) s [8/7/93] - official
Revidirte Kirchenordnung... zu Straszburg. Cited in Graff 1:63. Graff: ordered according to the current ceremonial situation, but nevertheless very similar to the old order.
[Within an ornamented compartment:] {REVIDIRTE} | K\irch\\en=O\rdnung/ | Wie es mit der Lehre Göttliches Worts/ | und den Ceremonien/ auch mit andern | darzu nothwendigen Sachen/ | Jn der Kirchen zu Straáburg/ biá hieher | gehalten worden/ und führohin/ mit ver= | leyhung Göttlicher Gnade/ gehalten | werden ôoll. | [engraving, signed `P. Kilian," 67 @ 102 mm.] | Mit Befreyung E. E. Raths daôelbôt/ nicht nachzudrucken. | Gedruckt zu Straáburg/ bey den Caroliôchen Erben. | [rule] | Jm Jahr M. DC. LXX. %Size: 149 @ 99 mm. ():(3^a) %Collation: 4º: ):(^4, A–R^4 S^4(S2+1) T–3E^4 3F^4(ñF3;–F4) 3G–3H^4; $1–3 signed (–):(1) %Pagination: 220 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–140 [{2}] 141–417 [#=419] [{13}]
%Fingerprint: 1670 04 - a1 ):(2 $ôelbôt : a2 ):(3 d$Chri - b1 A $ : b2 3H3 farr=Sc %Preface: `WJr Georg Jacob Bock von Erlenburg, der Meister und der Rath, samt Unsern Freunden, den Ein und Zwantzigen, des Heil. Römischen Reichs Freyen Stadt Straáburg" ... `Decretum Zinstags, den 14. Martii, Anno. M. D. XCVIII." %Music: none
Change from the 1598 order:
Frühpredigt is held at least Sunday, Monday, Wednesday and Saturday in all seven parishes (instead of every day), except for S. Aurelien, which has its own order.
This is the only change I find in the order. For the most part, the text of the 1598 order is repeated exactly.
Tecklenburg 1588 s- [12/5/95]
Cited in Graff 1:40. REPRINT: Richter 2:476–78.
From what is reprinted in Richter, this looks very much to be a Reformed agenda: altar, chalice and consecrated bread have been abolished, and communion is to be held four times a year. In any case, there is no agenda.
Teschen 1584 s - official
[Kirchenordnung]. Cited in Graff 1:64. Reprinted from the {Jahrbuch für die Geschichte des Protestantismus in Österreich} (1901): 5–16, where it was transcribed from a manuscript in the archives in the Lutheran church in Teschen. Graff: very conservative, following the neighboring Silesian orders. REPRINT: Sehling 3:458–63.
Notes from Sehling. Teschen is in Schlesien.
Sundays and high feasts: Introit (if pure), Kyrie d.t.f. (in villages another psalm or hymn may be sung, in German or Bohemian). Then the Gloria and Et in terra in German or Latin, then a German collect d.t.f. Then the Priester turns to the people and reads or sings the Epistle in German, then the choir sings an evangelical hymn in German or Latin, then the Priest turns again to the people and sings ("sienge") the Gospel in German, followed by the Patrem in German or Latin, then the sermon, then another German or Latin hymn. In villages the singing is in German or Bohemian. Then the Priest sings the Vater Unser in German or Bohemian, then the Words of Institution, sung loudly enough to be understood. On high feasts a Latin Preface may be sung if there is time, then a brief exhortation to the communicants. During the communion German or Bohemian hymns are sung. After the communion is a Thanksgiving and Benediction in German.
Vespers and Matins are held as before, except that no impure antiphons, responsories or collects may be sung. Also the catechism instruction is held during Matins and Vespers. The Te Deum is sung early on weekdays, and the Litany on other days. Sermons are held Wednesdays and Fridays. (p. 462)
Thorn 1575 s [8/9/94] - official
Kirchenordnung, wie es zu Thorn in Preussen beide in der alten als neuen stadt mit lehr und ceremonien, samt andern ding, so zu förderung und erhaltung des lehr- und predigtambts christlicher zucht und guter ordnung von neuen gehalten wird, aus der wittenbergischen, nürnbergischen, breslauischen, mecklenburgischen, preussischen und andern guten kirchenordnungen treu und fleissig zusammengetragen. Anno 1575. Cited in Graff 1:25. Manuscript dated 1712. REPRINT: Sehling 4:233–44.
Notes from Sehling.
Mass: it is not necessary to repeat the entire order, but the Gloria, Collects, Epistle and Gospel shall be sung "mit gebührlichen accent" and the entire ("das ganze") is done with organ. Before the sermon the Pacem is sung in German, Polish or Latin; when the Prediger mounts the pulpit a German hymn d.t. or other text is sung to exhort the people to prayer, then a Vater Unser, then the sermon proper, then the common prayer. Then a German hymn, then the Priester sings the Preface d.t. to the usual music (except that on ordinary Sundays and festivals when this is not done the Priester turns to the people and exhorts the communicants, as in the Prussian KO). Then the Priester turns to the altar and sings the Vater Unser to the usual melody. Then he turns to the people and exhorts them to Christian faith and devotion, as in the Prussian agenda. Then he turns again to the altar and sings the Words of Institution to the usual melody, without the Elevation. Then the choir sings the Sanctus in Latin and German, ditto with the Agnus Dei, "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" and other fitting hymns, according to the number of communicants. During the communion the Cüster stands by the altar and assists the old, weak and sick. (p. 237) After the communion is the usual Collect or Thanksgiving and the Blessing.
In the Neustadt the Lord's Prayer and Words of Institution are done on alternating Sundays in German and Polish; the hymns ("gesänge"), collects and lessons are always done in Latin. On half-day feasts the entire service is in German (except St. George where it is in Polish). If there are no communicants the service ends after the sermon with a hymn and collect.
Matins: performed in Latin at 5:00 on Sundays and festivals and at 7:00 on weekdays; in the winter Matins comes before any preaching service, and in the summer after it. On Sunday at St. John's 2–3 German psalms are sung, with the organ played "darzwischen," then the Epistle is preached upon about 3/4 hour, then closing with a German hymn. At the same hour Matins is held in the cloister and in the Neustadt parish church with singing and sermon in Polish. Detailed instructions follow concerning how Matins is to be held in various churches on various days of the week.
Vespers: in Latin or German, according to the time and place. (p. 238)
Holy days: Christmas (2-1/2 days), Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday ("parasceves"), Easter (2-1/2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2-1/2 days). Also the following half day feasts: Conversion of Paul, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis, days of apostles. Days not observed but that are described in Scripture (Transfiguration, Mark the Evangelist, "divisionis apostolorum," Mary, Magdalene, Laurentius, Beheading of John, Luke the Evangelist, All Saints, and others) may be observed in the sermon on the closest day with a sermon. (p. 239) Thüngen 1564 s [11/3/95] - official
Thüngenische Kirchenordnung 1564. Gründlicher bericht, was sich [die von den] gestrengen, edlen und ernvesten brüdern und vettern von Thüngen verordnete pastores und kirchendiener in einrichtung einer gleichförmigen christlichen kirchenordnung verglichen haben zu Grefendorf den 19. Septembris dises 1564. jars. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:731–42.
Notes from Sehling.
Saturday Vespers: because the examination of communicants should be reinstated, each Pfarherr should exhort those intending to commune to attend Vespers the preceding evening. The Custos sings a psalm with the Pfarherr. Then the Pfarherr sings a collect and examines and instructs those present. On the chief feasts, when more commune, the Pfarherr has the bell rung at 2:00 and sings a Lied with the Custos and scholars, if available, then reads a lesson d.t., then another Gesang is sung, closing with the collect, then he hears the communicants.
Sundays when there are communicants: The German Kyrie [footnote: it is uncertain which Kyrie is meant] may be sung, then "Allein Gott" or another psalm. Then the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sei mit euch!" The Custos and the entire Chor answer "Und mit deinem geist." Then the Priester sings a Collect d.t. and reads the Epistle in German. (p. 735) Then if the Gospel is to be read from the pulpit he reads the exhortation to prayer for all sorts and conditions with the Vater Unser and other parts of the catechism, as in the agenda. Then another brief psalm is sung, then the Glaube, then the sermon. Then those communing assemble in the Chor and hear the exhortation. Then the German Sanctus "Jesaja dem propheten" is sung, then the communicants kneel, the men on one side and the women on the other, and the Priester sings the Verba and Vater Unser. During the communion the Custos and people sing "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland." After communion the Priester turns to the people and sings "Der Herr sei mit euch," the Chor answering "Und mit deinem geist." Then the Priester sings the Danksagung in the agenda with the Blessing. Note: Because in many places the farmers, especially the men and young men, go out in front of the church during the singing, sermon and communion and make a lot of noise, and they also leave the church before the service is done, the Pfarherrn are to ernestly exhort the people to remain as still as possible during the entire service.
The Elevation: is not to be done.
Mass vestments and candles: are retained for the sake of the weak. (p. 736)
Sundays and holy days when there are no communicants: a psalm is sung, then a collect follows. Then the Epistle with the exhortation to prayer and chief parts of the catechism, as in the agenda, so that the catechism may be learned through repetition. Then another psalm or spiritual Lied is sung, then the Glaube. Then the sermon, "Erhalt uns Herr," collect and Blessing. The Pfarherr should exhort the people that they should come to communion more frequently.
Catechism and Kinderlehr: held Sundays and holy days at 12:00. One or two psalms d.t. are sung, then the Pfarherr reads slowly and distinctly the parts of the catechism. Then he reads one part (alternating parts each Sunday), and the children repeat after him, and he questions them on the following Sunday what they have learned. In the summer and when the weather is not too cold he also preaches on the catechism part. Not only the children and servants should attend the instruction, but the adults as well.
Festivals and holy days: the festivals named in the agenda plus Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene and Michaelis. When the Visitation falls during the week of Peter and Paul it is moved to August 15th. (p. 737) On Fridays before the people go to work the bell is rung, and after a sung psalm, a chapter is read from the Bible with the summary of Dietrich and a prayer for the needs of all Christendom. All of this lasts not more than a half hour. It is held from Michaelis to Easter, when the field work is not so pressing. During Lent the Passion is read. (p. 738)
Travemünde 1531 s- [3/11/95]
Bugenhagen, Johann. Cited in Graff 1:46. REPRINT: Richter 1:152–54; Sehling 5:382; {Die Travemünder Kirchenordnung von Johann Bugenhagen}, edited by Ludwig Heller (Lübeck, 1837) (BerlinPS: 4º Dr 17880) (not sure if this is a reprint or a monograph).
No agenda.
Ulm 1747 (Ulm, 1747) s [1/28/93] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung wie es mit der Lehre göttlichen Worts, Ausspendung der heil. Sacramenten, Ceremonien, auch mit anderen nöthigen Verrichtungen jn der Stadt Ulm und deroselben Gebiet biáhero gehalten worden, und mit Verleihung göttlicher Gnade fürohin solle gehalten werden.
Kirchen= | Ordnung | Wie es | Mit der Lehre Göttlichen Worts/ | Ausôpendung der Heil. Sacramenten/ | {Ceremoni}en/ auch mit anderen | nöthigen Verrichtungen | Jn der Stadt Ulm | und deroôelben Gebiet | biáhero gehalten worden/ | und mit Verleihung Göttlicher Gnade | fürohin ôolle gehalten werden. | [double rule] | ULM/ | Gedruckt durch Johann Georg Vogel/ Stadt=Buchdrucker. | {AÚNNO MDCCXLVII¿.}
%Size: 167 @ 123 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4, A–3Z^4, 4A^2; $1–3 signed (–)(1) %Pagination: 282 leaves: pp. [{8}] 1–542 [{14}] %Contents: )(1^a title, )(1^b blank, )(2^a–)(2^b authorization of the Ulm senate, )(3^a–)(4^b preface, A1^a–3Y3^b text, 3Y4^a–3Y4^b table of contents, 3Z1^a–4A2^b subject index %Fingerprint: 1747 04 - a1 )(2 en= : a2 )(3 {ta,}$d - b1 A te : b2 4A2 $Beichtstu %Preface: `Wir die Aeltere, Burgermeister und Rath des H. Reichs Stadt Ulm..." ... `Decretum in Senatu Ulmensi, Mittw. den 15. Febr. 1747." %Music: none
Preface: An agenda was published in Ulm in 1531 under the title {Ordnung und Weise, wie die Sacrament und ceremonien der Kirchen zu Ulm gebraucht und gehalten werden} (f. )(3^a). The Interim was introduced in 1548. Apparently a new church order appeared in 1580 (f. )(4^b). p. 86 - holy days observed: Sunday, Christtag (Christmas), St. Stephan, St. John the Evangelist, New Year's Day, Epiphany, Purification of Mary, St. Matthias, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter, Easter Monday, SS. Philip and James, Ascension, Pentecost, Pentecost Monday, Trinity, St. John the Baptist, SS. Peter and Paul, St. James, Kirchweih-Fest, St. Bartholomew, St. Matthew, SS. Simon and Jude, St. Andrew, St. Thomas, Buá-Tag and Danck-Fest in September.
"Von dem Gottesdienst in der Stadt" - specifically mentions these three churches: the Münster (cathedral), H. Dreyfaltigkeit and the Barfüsser-Kirche (p. 86–87). Morgen-Predigt begins at 8:00 (except Christmas, Palm Sunday, Maunday Thursday, Easter and Pentecost, when it starts at 7:00). The bells are rung an hour before the start of the service. "GOtt der Vater wohn uns bey" is sung to open the service (at 7:15?). The Supernumerarius mounts the Cantzel. The Epistle follows, then a confession of sins (p. 87). Then a sentence from Scripture is read according to the day (p. 88–117), serving in place of an absolution. An invitation to prayer is read (p. 117–19), and the banns of marriage are read. Then the Vater Unser is said. Then the Kinder-Lehr is announced (p. 119). "Nachdem solches verlesen ist, gehet der Supernumerarius von der Cantzel, und wird darauf von der Gemeinde, ein von dem, welcher die Predigt zu halten hat, an die Hand gegebenes Lied gesungen. Sodann auf der Orgel musicirt, alsdann mit 8. Uhr mit allen Glocken zusammen geläutet, der Gesang: Komm Heil. Geist HErre GOtt u. s. w. unter solchem Geläut gantz gesungen." The Prediger goes to the Cantzel and preaches on the Gospel for the day. Then the deaths are announced, and the congregation is exhorted to prayer. (p. 121) Then a prayer is read (p. 121–23). Then a trinitarian HErr, erbarme dich and the Vater Unser are said. Communion is held every Sunday and holy day in the Münster: the Supernumerarius reads the exhortation, then the congregation sings the Apostle's Creed, then the communion is held in the form described in that section. A collection is taken at the door each Sunday and holy day. (p. 123)
Midday service in the city - starts at 11:00 with the sermon on the Gospel (second time). Then come the prayers for the sick, etc. (p. 123) Before and after the sermon the congregation sings. The service is closed with a collect and Blessing. (p. 124)
Evening service in the city - held at 3:00. The congregation opens with a hymn at 2:30, then "mit musiciren auf der Orgel continuirt," then the hymn "Komm heiliger Geist, HErre GOtt" is sung until the Prediger mounts. After the sermon the usual prayer is said, a hymn is sung, then a collect, der Seegen des HErrn, exhortation to prayer and dismissal (Aaronic Benediction). (p. 124) Weekday service in the Münster - held every day at 7:00 or 8:00 (depending on the season). Thursdays (the weekly Bett-Tag) two services are held, at 8:00 and at 3:00. Saturdays the service is at 3:00 instead of in the morning. A quarter hour before each Predigt a hymn is sung; after the sermon come a hymn, collect, blessing, etc., as in the Sunday evening service. On Thursdays the Litany is prayed instead of the usual prayer after the sermon, and "Erhalt uns HErr" is sung following it. (p. 125) The text of the Litany is given on p. 126–28.
Thursday Bett-Stund in the Münster - held at 3:00. Opens with a hymn at 3:00, then the preacher reads a welcome and exhortation (p. 132–33), then a lesson (p. 133), then a prayer (p. 134–36), closing with the Vater Unser. Then a hymn, a collect, Seegen, Ermahnung zur Fürbitte und Handreichung, dismissal (p. 36). p. 136-39 - instructions for special services.
Morning Predigt in the Dreyfaltigkeit church: held at 8:00. As in the Münster, the first bell is rung at 7:00, then the second bell at 7:15, and both bells at 8:00. ("...da auch mit 7. Uhr das Erste, sodann eine Viertel-Stunde darauf das Andere mit einer, mit 8. Uhr aber mit beyden Glocken das Zeichen gegeben wird.") The service begins after the second bell with "GOtt der Vatter wohn uns bey," whereupon the deacon goes to the Cantzel and reads the Epistle with prayer and Fürbitte (as above, except that the marriage banns are not read). Then a congregational hymn is sung. At 8:00 the hymn "Komm H. Geist HErre GOtt" is sung, and then the sermon on the Gospel is preached. After the sermon, if there is to be communion, comes "Gebett, Verlesung der Vermahnung zum H. Abendmahl u.s.w." (as above). If there is no communion, after the sermon the confession and absolution are read, then the prayer (p. 139), hymn, etc., according to the form for Sunday evening service. (p. 140)
Mittags-Predigt in the Dreyfaltigkeit church: held at 1:00. Before 1:00 a hymn is sung "unter schlagung der Orgel." While the bell is rung the hymn "Komm H. Geist HErre GOtt" is sung as usual: "unter dem Geläut das Lied: Komm H. Geist HErre GOtt &c. wie vor allen Predigten, auch abgesungen, sodann geprediget...." The sermon on the catechism follows (not more than a half hour long). Then the usual prayer is spoken, then Seegen, then Catechismus-Lehr with those assembled in the Chor (chancel). (p. 140)
Weekday service in the Dreyfaltigkeit church: Tuesdays at 3:00, order of service as in the Münster (p. 140).
Sundays and holy days in the Barfüsser-Kirche: Predigt begins at 8:00 (p. 141). The order seems like what is given above. The midday service begins at 12:00, with catechism instruction at 1:00 between Easter and St. Michael. (p. 142) p. 143–45 - services in the hospital and poorhouse.
Morning service in the country: Predigt held at 8:00; bells rung at 7:00, 7:30 and 8:00. The people should be reminded that the first two bells should be sufficient to bring them to church by 8:00 (p. 146). Services in a Filial are held at 6:00 in the summer and at 10:00 in the winter (and at 8:00 throughout in the mother church). In those places where there is an assistant, the hymn "GOtt der Vatter wohn uns bey" is sung after the second bell, then the deacon reads the Epistle, with the Fürbitte, etc. (as in the city churches). But in the usual places "nach dem Zusammenläuten" a hymn is sung by the congregation "wie solches der Pfarrer an die Hand gibt", then "Komm Heil Geist, HErre GOtt" "gantz abgesungen, und unter beyderseitigem Gesang, an Orten, wo eine Orgel in der Kirche ist, dieselbe geschlagen werden..." Then the sermon on the Gospel is delivered, which should not last more than an hour. After the sermon, if there is no communion, there follows the confession and absolution, prayer (p. 147), Vater Unser, a hymn is sung, a collect, Seegen, Fürbitte for poor, sick, etc. and Handreichung, dismissal (as above). The confession and absolution are omitted if an unordained academic presides. If there is communion, see section 8. (p. 148)
Midday service in the country: held on Sundays and holy days at 12:00 (except at 11:00 in Leipheim due to special circumstances) (p. 149).
Weekday service in the country: held on Thursdays (as Bett-Tag) at 8:00. After the sermon the Litany is prayed, then "Erhalt uns HErr" is sung and the collect "HErr handle nicht mit uns" is appended, then the "Seegen, Ermahnung zur Fürbitte und Handreichung" (as above) (p. 151). Bett-Stund is held Tuesdays at 12:00, as described above on p. 132. Vespers is held Saturdays at 12:00 (even though it is supposed to be an evening service) (p. 152). After the hymn "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" or another hymn the Pfarrer goes to the pulpit and prays. (p. 153) Then he reads the Epistle and a chapter from the New Testament, with the Würtemberg Summary on it also read. Then a prayer is read (p. 154), then the "HErr erbarme dich" and Vatter Unser. Then singing and praying, as above p. 131, with the "HErr erbarme dich," then the Seegen etc.
Catechism service in the Barfüsser-Kirche: held every Sunday year round at 12:00, plus holy days falling on Mondays, Tuesdays or Wednesdays. This is for adult and children. Before the instruction a hymn is sung, then the teacher appointed by the Ministerium goes to the Lehr-Stuhl (p. 180) and asks his questions (p. 181). From Easter to St. Michael the Schüler from the German school process in silence to the Chor, and instruction is held from 1:00 to 2:00. After a hymn the Geistlicher (another, not the Lehrer) goes to the Chor and gives a prayer (p. 182). Then the questioning follows (p. 183), then a prayer and Benediction (p. 184).
Catechism service in the Dreyfaltigkeit church: nothing interesting here (p. 184–85); ditto with hospital and country services.
"Von dem Gesang insgemein, dem Kirchen-Gesang und Music" (p. 269–81): the use of "geistliche Lieder und Music" is commanded by Col. 3:16–17 (p. 269). Both vocal and instrumental music are approved (p. 270).
In the cathedral: on Sundays and holy days the Succentor processes with the Students and Scholars at quarter past six (or seven) into the cathedral and to the Sing-Stuhl. The organist preludes on the hymn "GOtt der Vatter wohn uns bey" (on Christmas "Ein Kind gebohr'n zu Bethlehem'; on Easter "Christ ist erstanden"; on Ascension "Christ fuhr gen Himmel"), "und solches der Succentor der Gemeinde gantz vorzusingen." It used to be on the second Christmas day the hymn "In dulci jubilo" was preluded and sung, but this is no longer done since the common person does not understand the Latin contained in it, and so the usual Gott der Vater wohn uns bei is used instead. (p. 271)
Hymn after the Epistle: "Nach verlesener Epistel und übrigen darzu gehörigen, ist das, von dem Prediger an die Hand gegebene, und an denen Kirchen-Thüren aufgesteckte, Lied, nach vorheriger pr‘ludirung mit der Orgel, von dem Singe-Chor, in dem Sing-Stuhl anzustimmen, und so lange unter währendem Orgelschlagen zu continuiren, biá etwa eine kleine Viertel-Stunde vor dem letzten Glocken- Laut mit der Orgel ein Zeichen zu Endigung solches Gesangs gegeben wird, darauf auf der Orgel [p. 272] figuraliter und instrumentaliter musicirt wird. Bey welcher music der Cantor sich einzufinden, seine Stimme zu singen und zu tactiren hat. Es bestehet aber solche music an gewöhnlichen Sonn- und Feyertagen bey denen vocalisten aus discant, alt, tenor und bass, und mit instrumenten, violinen, hautbois, Posaunen, auch dann und wann Waldhörnern. An denen hohen Fest-Tagen aber, als Weyhenachten, Ostern, Pfingsten, Regenten-Predigten, und besonders angeordneten Freuden-Festen, werden, neben bemeldten instrumenten, auch Trompeten und Paucken gebraucht." The music continues until the last bell rings, then the hymn "Komm Heil. Geist HErre GOtt" is sung "gantz, unter Schlagung der Orgel". (p. 271–72) The organ is not used on certain days except to accompany hymns: "Hingegen wird Dom. Judica, Palmarum, und die gantze Char-Woche hindurch, gleichwie bey angeordneter allgemeiner Trauer, die Orgel geschlossen gehalten, mithin alles musiciren auf derselben eingestellet, das Gesang aber auf bemeldte Weise fortgesetzt." After the sermon on days when communion is held (all Sundays), the Creed is sung: "wird... das Apostolische Symbolum, mit einem vorhergehenden kurtzen pr‘ludio der Orgel, unter anhaltendem Orgelschlagen vor der Consecration gesungen." Music during the distribution: "Nach geschehener Consecration hat alle 3. 4. oder 5. Wochen der Cantor, mit denen Musicanten, samt ihren instrumenten von Zincken und Posaunen, mit Zuziehung derer Studenten und Scholaren die Laiblein geniessen, in dem Sing-Stuhl eine motetten zu produciren; welches auch an Dom. Judica, Palmarum, Viridium die, und so offte sonsten die Orgel geschlossen gehalten wird, geschehen soll. Nach geendigter motette hat Cantor, die Musicanten und Musici primi ordinis, sich wiederum auf die Orgel zu verfügen, um der figural-music beyzuwohnen, welche an denen Sonntagen, an welchen keine motette im Sing-Stuhl gehalten wird, gleich nach der Consecration angehet. Nach Endigung dieser music, wird von der Orgel das Communion-Lied pr‘ludirt, 2. oder 3. Strophen desselben ohne Orgelschlag gesungen; sodann wiederum pr‘lu[p. 273]dirt, und also alternatim fortgefahren, biá gegen dem Ende der Communion, da das Lied: GOtt sey gelobet &c. und nach verrichtetem Danck-Gebett: Danck sagen wir alle &c. unter Schlagung der Orgel gesungen, und mit einem postludio der morgendliche Gottesdienst beschlossen wird." (p. 272–73) Alle Studiosi und Classici must remain for the entire service and may not leave early without permission.
At the midday service the Unter-Succentor and the Scholars of the 2nd class process into the Münster at "3. Viertel vor 11. Uhr". "Und die Lieder, welche gesungen werden sollen, hat allezeit der Geistliche, welcher prediget, oder Bettstund hält, anzugeben; der Meáner aber an denen Kirchen-Thüren aufzustecken." "Es solle demnach bemeldter Succentor das vorgeschriebene und pr‘ludirte Lied, unter fortdaurendem Orgelschlagen singen, doch mit dem Schlag 11. Uhr abbrechen, und auf abermaliges pr‘ludiren: Komm heiliger Geist &c. singen. Nach der Predigt wird aus dem fürgeschriebenen Gesang, so viel, als der Prediger befohlen, gesungen, und mit der Orgel begleitet; nach ertheiltem Seegen aber der Mittags-Gottesdienst mit einem postludio geendet." (p. 273)
At the evening service the Succentor processes with the Students and Scholars into the cathedral at 2:30, "da es mit dem choral-Gesang, orgeln und music gleiche Beschaffenheit hat, wie es vor der Morgel- Predigt nach Verlesung der Epistel, gehalten wird."Nach der Predigt aber wird statt des pr‘ludii auf der Orgel, durch die Musicanten das angegebene Lied mit Zincken und Posaunen intonirt und abgebla[p. 274]sen; sofort unter dem Orgelschlagen gesungen, und nach ertheiltem Seegen mit einer music finalisirt."
If a holy day falls on a Tuesday, a Bettstunde will be held instead of the Abend-Predigt, as usual, except that the organ will accompany the Gesang before and after the service: "doch daá unter dem Gesang vor und nach derselben [Bettstunde] die Orgel zu schlagen ist." On Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday the Cantor with the Scholars will process into the cathedral at a quarter to seven (or eight), "und sowohl vor- als nach der Predigt die angegebene Gesänge der Gemeinde vorzusingen; allezeit aber mit dem Schlag 7. oder 8. Uhr das Lied: Komm Heil. Geist HErre GOtt &c. anzufangen und gantz zu singen, als welches vor allen Predigten, unmittelbar vor Anfang derselben, gantz zu singen ist. Wann an dem Montag oder Dienstag nach der Predigt Ehen einzuseegnen seyn, ist allezeit nach der Predigt das Lied: Wohl dem, der in Gottesfurcht steht &c. zu singen; und wann eine Hochzeit-Predigt gehalten wird; vor der Predigt: Wie schön leucht uns der Morgenstern &c. Es wird dabey von der Orgel bey jeder Strophe pr‘ludirt, und damit continuirt, biá die Braut in der Kirche ist, sodann: Komm H. Geist &c. unter Schlagung der Orgel, wie auch nach der Predigt: Wohl dem, der in Gottesfurcht steht &c. gesungen. Bey denen Hochzeiten derer honoratiorum, welchen solches Obrigkeitlich erlaubt wird, ist vor und nach der Predigt eine vocal- und instrumental-music auf der Orgel zu halten."
Tuesday evenings before 3:00 the Succentor and the Scholars from the 4th upper class assemble in the Sing-Stuhl, "mit dem Schlag 3. Uhr, das vor der Bettstund angegebene Lied zu singen anfangen, auch nach verlesener Bettstund das fürgeschriebene absingen." On Thursdays the Succentor and Scholars arrive before quarter to eight ("3. Viertel auf 8."); the hymns and organ playing are done as in the Sunday midday service (p. 274), except that after the sermon "Erhalt uns Herr" is sung in its entirety with the Anhang "Verleyh uns Frieden." On Thursday evenings the Unter-Succentor and Scholars arrive at the church at a quarter to three and sing the given hymn. At 3:00 they sing "Komm H. Geist," and after the sermon the first three stanzas of "Erhalt uns HErr" and "Verleyh uns Frieden." On Saturdays the Succentor and Scholars arrive before a quarter to three and sing the given hymn, and at 3:00 they sing "Komm H. Geist." After the sermon the usual. (p. 275)
In the Dreyfaltigkeit church: "An Sonn- und Feyertagen begeben sich die hierzu verordnete Scholaren, mit ihrem Pr‘centore, in den Sing-Stuhl, und wird sofort mit der Orgel: GOtt der Vatter wohn uns bey &c. An denen H. H. Christ-Tag, Ostertag und Himmelfarth die vorbemeldte Fest-Lieder pr‘ludirt und gesungen. Nach verlesener Epistel und dem darzu gehörigen, wird das angegebene Lied gleichfalls nach gemachtem pr‘ludio unter schlagen der Orgel gesungen, biá ein Zeichen mit Jnnhaltung der Orgel gegeben wird. Da dann der Vorsinger aufhöret, die Orgel aber nebst denen Violinen, eine Strophe pr‘ludirt, und darauf die Vocalisten auf der Orgel dasselbe Lied fortsingen, die Gemeinde auch, doch ohne vorsingen des Pr‘centoris im Sing-Stuhl, mitsinget, biá auf den Schlag 8. Uhr, nach welchem: Komm H. Geist HErre GOtt &c. unter Schlagung der Orgel gantz gesungen wird. Wann nach der Predigt Communion gehalten wird, so singet man vor der Consecration den Glauben, wie in dem Münster, unter schlagen der Orgel: Nach [p. 276] der Consecration wird auf das angegebene Communion-Lied mit Orgel und Violinen pr‘ludirt, so lang die Communion währet, gesungen, und gegen deroselben Ende: GOtt sey gelobet &c. auch nach der Dancksagung: Danck sagen wir alle &c. wie in dem Münster, unter schlagen der Orgel, und mit einem postludio beschlossen. Jst aber keine Communion, so wird nach der Predigt das angegebene Lied, nach gemachtem pr‘ludio, mit schlagen der Orgel gesungen, und nach ertheiltem Seegen der Beschluá gemacht, mit dem Choral-Lied, auf eben die Art, wie vor der Predigt." (p. 275–76) On high feasts (Christmas, Easter, Pentecost) the service is opened with a hymn at 7:15, and after the congregational song the cathedral musicians will perform figural and instrumental music until 8:00. The rest proceeds as usual.
At the midday service on high feasts the service is begun at 12:30, and the Cantor with musicians and vocalists perform figural and instrumental music "vor und nach der Predigt"; where this is impossible, "so wird allein die Orgel zum Choral vor und nach der Predigt geschlagen." On ordinary Sundays and holy days the midday service begins at 12:45 ("drey Viertel auf 1. Uhr") with a prelude on the hymn to be sung. At 1:00 the hymn "Komm heiliger Geist" is sung with organ accompaniment. After the sermon, when catechism instruction is held, the first stanza of "HErr GOtt dein Treu mit Gnaden leist" is sung without organ accompaniment; if there is no catechism, the given hymn ("das angegebene Gesang") is sung with prelude and accompaniment on the organ. After the Blessing the organ plays a postlude. (p. 276) The other services are done as in the cathedral. (p. 277)
In the Barfüsser Kirche: the Succentor and Scholars appear on Sundays and holy days in the Sing-Stuhl at 7:30. The hymn "GOtt der Vatter wohn uns bey" is sung. After the Epistle the prescribed hymn is sung, and at 8:00 "Komm H. Geist," and after the sermon the sermon hymn, except on holy days that fall on Thursdays, at which "Erhalt uns Herr" is sung. Before catechism instruction the succentor appears with the scholars at 11:30 to sing the given hymns. At 12:00 "Liebster JEsu! wir sind hier" or "HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" is sung. "Nach der Catechismus-Lehr hat er das von dem Catecheten fürgegebene, und nach Endigung der Catechisation mit denen Schul-Kindern: Jetzung so bitten wir dich HErr &c. zu singen." (p. 277)
In the country: in places where the Epistle is read before the service the order is as in the city, the hymn "GOtt der Vatter wohn uns bey" being sung. In places where the Epistle is not read, an appropriate hymn is chosen by the Pfarrer, and as many stanzas as he has selected are sung, after which "Komm H. Geist" is sung in its entirety. After the Predigt the hymn announced by the Pfarrer (and as many stanzas as he chooses) is sung. Where there is an organ, it intones and accompanies the hymn. On days when there is communion, the Glaube is sung after the reading of the exhortation, communion hymns are sung during the distribution, toward the end of communion "GOtt sey gelobet" is sung, and finally "Danck sagen wir alle." The hymns are accompanied by organ if there is one.
Before the midday service the announced hymn is sung after the bell is rung, then "HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" is sung. After the Predigt the stanzas of the announced hymn are sung as well with organ accompaniment (if available). For every service the hymns are to be posted on the church door, so the people know what hymns will be sung.
At the Thursday service, after the announced hymn is sung, the hymn "Liebster JEsu wir sind hier" or "HErr JEsu Christ dich zu uns wend" is sung. After the Predigt "Erhalt uns HErr" is sung. (p. 278) On high feasts festival hymns are to be sung even when other hymns fit better with the Gospel for the day (this goes for both city and country churches). The singing before the Predigt in country churches should be neither too short nor too long. "Sonderlich solle das lange Dehnen in dem singen, welches auf dem Land gemein ist, abgeschafft, und dem Gesang, wo es in schlechten Zustand gerathen, nach aller Möglichkeit, zumal von Pfarrern, die wohl singen können, aufgeholffen werden...."
The people should be occasionally reminded to arrive on time and to sing the hymns heartily and with devotion, paying attention to the words. "Also ist das musiciren, wann es noch so künstlich wäre und lautete, wo es nur ein Werck der Lippen und gerührter instrumenten ist, kein loben GOttes, deáhalben das ernstliche Wort des HErrn zubedencken. [bold:]Thut hinweg von mir das Geplerr eurer Lieder, ich mag eures Psalter-Spiels nicht. [end bold]" (p. 279) "Wie man dann auch die Musiquen also einzurichten und aufzuführen hat, daá sie nicht theatralische, sondern Kirchen- und geistliche Musiquen seyen, daá sie nicht juckenden Ohren eine fleischliche Ergötzung bringen, sondern denen Hertzen und Gemüthern eine Erweckung und Ermunterung zur Andacht werden." (p. 280)
No hymn may be sung in the schools or churches that is not in the official hymnal. Because many sing corrupt versions of hymns, people should bring their hymnals to church with them. (p. 280) Those who can't sing can then at least read the words. It is bad to read a [devotional?] book while a hymn is sung, but during the Music it is quite proper if one doesn't understand it. (p. 281)
Observation of communion: after the sermon and prayer with HErr erbarme dich, the pastor says "Bettet hierauf ein glaubiges und andächtiges Vatter Unser" (p. 330) and reads the exhortation to communion with the public confession, absolution and prayer, and gives the Blessing. Then the Glaube is sung, at which time the pastor prepares the communion. (p. 331) Then comes the consecration (p. 332). The men and women commune separately (first the men, then the women, except in the Münster, where the communion is divided left and right side). (p. 333) During the communion are sung such communion hymns as: Jesus Christus unser Heyland, Als Jesus Christus unser Herr, Wohl mir! Jesu meine Freude, Schmücke dich o liebe Seele, Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt, Nun lob mein Seel den Herren, Ach Gnad über alle Gnade, Jesu du mein liebstes Leben, etc. Near the end of communion "GOtt sey gelobet" is sung. (p. 335) Then the Dancksagung is sung, and the Blessing is given (p. 336).
Verden 1606 (Lemgo, 1606) s [11/11/95] - official
Kirchenordnung, wie es mit christlicher lehr und ceremonien, verreichung der h[eiligen], hoch[wirdigen] sacramenten und andern kirchensachen im stift Verden hinfort durch Gottes gnad und beystand ordentlich gehalten werden soll. Cited in Graff 1:33. Graff: closely dependent on the Lüneburg and Calenberg KO's; quickly lost its official status but nevertheless used for a long time in individual congregations.
Notes from Sehling.
Matins and Vespers on Saturdays, Sundays and festivals: Vespers rung in the cathedral at 2:00, sung according to the old order, with antiphons, psalms, responsories, hymns (if pure), Magnificat with the usual antiphon repeated, closing with the Benedicamus or Compline. Matins is held at the usual time on Sundays and festivals, with psalms and their antiphons d.t.f., lessons, Te Deum with Lauds and Benedictus. Both Vespers and Matins are closed with a collect by the Priester. Both are held in the same form at St. Andrew (p. 153), and all canons not otherwise occupied with study, hearing confession or preaching are to attend and assist with the Gesang. (p. 154) In villages where there are no schools, Vespers is rung at the usual time, confession is heard and the penitents instructed. The prayer bell is rung in Verden and in the surrounding country in the morning, at noon and in the evening. The people should be exhorted frequently in the sermon to pray for peace and temporal and eternal well-being when they hear the bell.
Mass or communion: the Kirchendiener holding the communion goes to the altar with great devotion dressed in [mass vestments]. The altar is properly adorned, with cloths and candles. On high feasts Latin is used, on other Sundays occasionally Latin, occasionally German. When the Priester or Pfarrer has gone to the altar the choir sings the antiphon "Veni, sancte Spiritus." Then the Priester sings "Emitte Spiritum et creabuntur," the choir answering "Et renovabis faciem terrae" [Ps. 104:30] (p. 155), then the Priester sings "Oremus. Deus, qui corda fidelium" [footnote: the so-called "Collecta de Spiritu sancto": "Deus, qui corda fidelium sancti Spiritus illustratione docuisti, da nobis in eodem Spiritu recta sapere et de eius semper consolatione gaudere..."—see WA 38:424]. Then the Introit d.t., Kyrie, Gloria and Et in terra are sung, then a Latin collect in the cathedral and a German one in other churches. Then in the Dom a vested Diacon sings the Epistle in Latin on the one side of the altar, but in other churches the Priester reads or sings the Epistle to the people in German. Then a Sequence or Hallelujah d.t. is sung, or a German psalm related to the Gospel. Then the Diacon in the Dom sings the Gospel in Latin from the other side of the altar, but in other churches the Priester sings it to the people in German. Then the Credo, which the choir continues, either in Latin (music given, but not in Sehling) or German as "Wir gleuben." If the Glaube is sung in German the organ is not played during it ("...soll darunter oder dazwischen nicht georgelt werden"). Then the sermon, before which the Pastor exhorts the people to common prayer. At times in place of the Vater Unser he may sing "Nu bitten wir" with the people. (p. 156) On Christmas is sung "Ein kindelein," on Easter "Also heilig ist der tag" or "Christ ist erstanden," on Ascension "Christ fuhr gen himmel," on Pentecost "Nu bitten wir" or "Komm, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott," and on Trinity "Gott der Vater wohne uns bey." Then the Gospel for the day is read and explained, the explanation to last 3/4 hour or at most an hour. Then the people are exhorted to prayer (for all sorts and conditions). The people should frequently be exhorted to remain in the church until the communion is done. Then the Prediger begins a psalm from the pulpit, such as "Gott der Vater wohn uns bey," "Es wolt uns Gott gnädig sein" or "Sey lob und ehr mit hohem preyá" or another (p. 157) During this the Prediger holding the communion puts on his mass vestments again ("seinen ornatum ecclesiasticum wieder anlegen"), goes to the altar, and on high feasts if time permits he sings the Preface d.t. Then the Sanctus in Latin, or the German "Esaia dem propheten" from Luther's psalmbook, then the exhortation to the communicants (p. 158). Then the Priester sings the Vater Unser and the Verba (p. 160). During the communion is sung "Jhesus Christus," "Gott sey gelobet," "O lamb Gottes unschüldig," "Agnus Dei" in German or Latin, according to the number of communicants. After the communion is the Thanksgiving collect. (p. 161) Then the Blessing. Or a psalm such as "Erhalt uns, Herr," "Verleyhe uns frieden," "Dank sagen wir alle" or the like may be sung. If there are no communicants, the Introit is sung, a German psalm or two ("Alleine Gott in der höhe" or others), then a collect, the Epistle, a psalm related to the sermon, then the Gospel, then the Glaube in German or Latin as above. After the sermon the Litany or another psalm is sung, closing with the collect and Benediction.
Sermons in the city of Verden: a sermon on the Gospel is held Sundays and high feasts in all churches at 8:00 in summer and at 9:00 in winter. (p. 162) (But at St. Nicholas at 4:00 in summer and at 5:00 in winter a sermon on the Gospel is held, beginning with the "Veni, sancte Spiritus" (at times in German and at times in Latin) or the Te Deum in German, or another psalm (or more than one) pertaining to the Gospel, and closing with a psalm as well). At 12:00 in the cathedral and at St. John's a sermon on the Epistle is held on high feasts and on the catechism on other Sundays, beginning with the usual Geseng in German or Latin related to the sermon. (p. 163)
Communion and sermons in villages on Sundays and high feasts: the Pfarherr and Custos sing a German psalm if the Latin Introit is too difficult, then a brief German Kyrie with the "Allein Gott," then the Collect (facing the altar) and Epistle (facing the people), then a German psalm related to the day or the sermon, then the Gospel is read to the people (p. 164), then "Wir gleuben" is sung, then the sermon (beginning with the prayer and closing with the common prayer, as above). Those communing are to have gone to confession the evening before and not, as many do, on Sunday morning, so that the pastor is not hindered in his studies; an exception is made for the elderly and pregnant women. Every Sunday the text of the catechism is read to the people before or after the sermon, together with a brief form of confession.
Weekday sermons in Verden and in the country: two sermons are held in Verden: Wednesday and Friday in the cathedral and St. John at 7:00 or 8:00 (depending on whether it is summer or winter). On Fridays the Litany is sung with the boys, and on Wednesday a German psalm. The sermon is closed with a German psalm and a collect. Sermons on the catechism are held every Friday in villages. Pastors must not be negligent in this matter, as has frequently been the case. In Lent the sermons are on the Passion, beginning with the week following Estomihi [footnote: certain other orders have Laetare instead of Estomihi]. (p. 165)
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas, St. John, Stephen, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (3 days), Ascension, Pentecost (3 days), Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis, all held as on Sundays. Sermons are also held on apostles' days, on the days on which they fall. The following days are observed on the nearest Sunday or weekday with a sermon: Mary Magdalene, Beheading of John, Conversion of Paul. Hagelfeyer (a Bettag to pray for the fruits of the earth) is held around Ascension or shortly after Pentecost, and a day of thanksgiving is held shortly before or after Michaelis, as is the custom in other evangelical churches. (p. 166)
Prefaces for the high feasts are notated at the end of the order (p. 206–207), although the musical notation does not appear in Sehling.
Waldeck 1557 ([Marburg, 1557]) s [8/6/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung Wie es mit der Reynen Lehr... in der Herrschafft Waldeck gehalten werden soll. A. D. 1556... Cited in Graff 1:48. Graff: follows mainly Brandenburg-Nürnberg 1533, Herzog Heinrich 1539, the Mecklenburg order and, for confirmation, Hessen.
K\irch\\en O#rdnung | W\ie es mit der Raynen Leh#r des Euan= | gelij/ Adminiôstration der heyligen Sacrament/ Anneh= | mung/ verhö#rung/ vnd beôtetigung der P#rieôter/ O#rdent= | lichen Ceremonien in den Kirchen/ Viôitation vnd | Synodis/ in der Her#rôchafft Waldeck gehal= | ten werden ôoll. {Anno Domini} 1556. | Menôe {Martio} auffgericht. | [emblem, 82 @ 99 mm.] | Paulus 1. Corinth. 14. | [Greek transcription: see back inside cover of notes] || [Colophon:] Getruckt z#º Marpurg | bey And#res Colben 21. {Auguôti.} | {Anno Dn~i M. D. LVII.}
%Size: 141 @ 100 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Q^4 R^6(–R6); $1–3 signed (–A1 +R4) %Pagination: 69 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1567 04 - b1 A2 ewa : b2 R3 ôeiner %Preface: `WJr Philips der Elter, Wolradt, Johann vnd Samuel, Geuettern, Brüder, Vatter vnd Sohn, Grauen zu Waldeck, &c." ... `Geben zu Waldeck, Jm jar nach der Menschlichen erlösung funffzehenhundert vnd funfftzig Sechs, am letzten tag des Monats Martij." %Music: Our Father #1 (F1^a–F1^b), Verba #2 (F2^a–F2^b)
Communion is held on the following days: Easter, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity, John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis, Dominica novissima (or Fest des jünsten tags, the last Sunday after Trinity), first Sunday in Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Purification, Esto mihi, Laetare (or Transfiguration), Annunciation, Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday. Availability of communion is announced a week in advance (f. D1^b–D2^a). Those planning to commune go to confession during the preceding week. (f. D2^b) The absolution is quite conservative ("löse ich dich...") (f. D3^a) An exhortation to be given at Saturday Vespers is on f. D3^b–E3^a, followed by a general confession (f. E3^a–E4^b).
Order of communion in the villages: a German psalm pertaining to the Gospel is sung, then 3-fold Kyrie, then the Pfarherr sings "Preiá sei Gott in der höhe" with the choir or congregation responding "Alleyn Gott in der höhe." The Priester sings "Der HErre sei mit Euch"; Choir: "Vnd mit deinem geyst." Then the Collect, then the Epistle is read in German, a spiritual song according to the time is sung, the Gospel is read in German (f. E4^b), "Jch gleube an eynen Gott" and the Glaube are sung by the people, then the sermon, after which the communicants assemble at the altar, the men preceding the women. The Priester sings the Vatter Unser in German and the Verba. (f. F1^a) The Priester may read the exhortation if he desires and time permits (the exhortation is only a few lines long!). During the distribution the scholars or the congregation sing "Jesus Christus unser Heyland." (f. F3^a) After communion the Pfarherr reads a brief exhortation to thanksgiving (f. F3^b), and "Gott sei gelobet" with a collect is sung. Then the Benediction, and finally "Da pacem, O Herr Gott" is sung.
Order of communion in cities with schools: the Introit may be sung in Latin or German in place of the psalm. After the Epistle a Sequence in accordance with Scripture may be sung, followed optionally by the Nicene Creed in Latin or German. After the sermon and before the communion the proper Preface is sung, followed by the Sanctus or "Jesaia dem Propheten," followed by "Vt supra." (f. F4^a)
No other services are given except occasional orders. This is nevertheless a Lutheran order, as shown by the references in the Communion order.
Waldeck 1640 ([N.p.], 1640) s [8/6/93] - official
Kirchen Ordnung Wie es mit der Reynen Lehr... in der Herrschafft Waldeck gehalten werden soll. A. D. 1556... Jetzo auffs new gedr. im S. 1640. Cited in Graff 1:48. The copy BerlinPS: Dr 18061 has a ms. dedication to C. J. Bockelman dated 15 Sept. 1716 and is signed by Joh. Kahler, Professor. Graff: minor revisions from 1556, for example in the burial service; addition of Nottaufe, catechism, prayers, etc. Graff dates this source 1637/1640.
[Within an ornamented compartment, 146 @ 111 mm. enclosing 108 @ 71 mm.] Kirchen Ordnung/ | W\ie es mit der | reinen Lehr des Evangelij/ | {Adminiôtration} der heiligen Sacrament/ | Annehmung/ Verhörung vnd Beôtettigung | der Prediger/ Ordentlichen Ceremonien in den | Kirchen/ {Viôitation} vnd {Synodis,} in der Graff= | ôchafft Waldeck einhelliglich gehalten | werden ôoll. | [device, 37 @ 50 mm.] | {AÚNNO¿ DÚOMINI¿ 1556.} | {®Paulus¯ 1. ®Cor.¯ 14. ®v.¯ 40.} | Laôôet alles ehrlich vnd ordentlich zugehen. || [Colophon:] Jetzt auffs new Gedruckt im Jahr 1640.
%Size: 141 @ 109 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–X^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 84 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1640 04 - b1 A2 $wi : b2 X3 nom %Preface: `WJr Philips der Elter, Wolradt, Johann vnd Samuel, Gevettern, Brüder, Vatter vnd Sohn, Grafen zu Waldeck, &c." ... `Actum Corbach, Dienstags nach L‘tare, Anno nach Christi vnsers Erlösers Geburg M. D. LVI." || [On verso of title page:] `Jetzt vom newen vbersehen, vnd auf gnädigen Befelch der Hoch- vnd Wohlgebornen Herrn Wolrats, Herrn Philipsen, Herrn Philipsen Theodorn, vnd Herrn Johans, Gevettern, Bruder, Vatter vnd Sohn Grafen zu Waldeck, Piermont, vnd respectivŠ Eulenburg, Herrn zu Tonna, &c. Abermals publiciret, vnd auá mangel der alten exemplarien nachgetruckt Jm Jahr Christi 1640." %Music: Our Father #1 (G3^b–G4^a), Verba #2 (G4^a–G4^b)
Communion is to be held at least once a month, but every two weeks or even every Sunday and holy day if there are communicants who have registered. This will avoid the abuse by which the entire congregation communes about once a year on the highest festival without preparation and repentence. No one should remain from the table for more than a quarter year. (f. E2^a) Pastors should not confess the entire group of communicants at one time, but should hear each individual confession (f. E2^b). An exhortation is read to the communicants at the Vespers preceding the communion (f. E4^a–F2^a), followed by a general confession (f. F2^b–F4^a).
Order of communion in the villages: the same as in 1557, except that the term "Pfarherr" is used where "Priester" had been used before; also, there are prayers, a confession and absolution read from the Cantzel at the end of the sermon (perhaps this simply wasn't mentioned in the older order, being part of the Cantzel service?), then a Thanksgiving, hymnus or psalm is sung while the Pfarherr goes from the pulpit. Then an exhortation is read (f. G2^a), followed by a collect (f. G3^b). Then the service continues as before with the singing or reading of the Vater Unser. The exhortation is omitted at this place. During the distribution the Schüler *and* congregation sing "Jesus Christus unser Heiland," "Gott sey gelobet" or "Nu lob mein Seel den HErrn" (Psalm 103). Then the Collect and Benediction. (f. H1^a) Then "Da pacem" or "O Herr Gott gib vns deinen Frieden."
The introduction to the communion order definitely says that it is for use in the villages, but there is no order for use in the cities, as in 1557.
Waldeck 1731 (Mengeringhausen, 1731) s [8/6/93] - official
Fürstlich Waldeckische Kirchen-Ordnung wie es mit der reinen Lehre des Evangelii... gehalten werden soll. Anjetzo revidiret und zum Drittenmal aufgelegt.
F\ürôtlich W\aldeckiôche | K\irchen O\rdnung | Wie es | M\it der reinen L\ehre des E\vangelii/ | {ADMINISTRATION} der Heiligen Sacra= | menten/ Annehm= Verhör= und Beôtättigung der Pre= | diger/ ordentlichen {Ceremoni}en in den Kirchen/ {Viôitation} | und {Synodis} gehalten werden ôoll. | Anjetzo {revidir}et und zum Dritten mal aufgelegt. | [emblem, 60 @ 59 mm.] | [rule] | Mengeringhauôen/ | Gedruckt von Chriôtoph Konert, Fürôtl. Waldeck. Hof= und Reg. Buchdr. 1731.
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%Fingerprint: 1731 04 - a1 )(2 $La : a2 )(3 dig - b1 A ôe : b2 Z3 em %Preface: `VOn GOttes Gnaden Carl August Friederich, Fürst zu Waldeck, Graf zu Pyrmont und Rappoltstein, Herr zu HohenAck und Berols Eck am Wassigen &c. &c." ... `Geben Arolsen den 16. December 1730. Carl Fürst zu Waldeck." %Music: Our Father #1 (H1^b–H2^a), Verba #2 (H2^a)
Communion: same as in 1640, except that after the Gospel the Glaube "or another edifying hymn" may be sung. (f. F4^b) After the Benediction is sung "Gott sey gelobet" or a verse of another hymn of thanks. (f. H3^a) These are the only changes.
Weiáenburg 1528 s [11/3/95] - official
Ein kurtzer auszug und summari der ordnung in dem gottesdienst bei der christlichen gemain zu Weiáenburg, durch die diener der kirchen doselben aufzurichten furgenommen. Anno 1528. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:657–64. Notes from Sehling.
Weekday mornings: when the bell has rung the schoolmaster with the boys begins the Introit (if pure), then a spiritual Gesang, such as the "Et in terra" or another psalm in German or Latin, is sung distinctly so it can be understood, until the people have assembled. (p. 658) Then the Diener reads "propheceiweis" (to the prophecy tone?) a lesson from the Bible in Latin for the sake of listeners who are familiar with the language, then he goes to the pulpit and preaches on that lesson for a quarter or half hour. Then the schoolmaster sings either the Glaube in German or a psalm or alleluia with the Gradual, and the Diener closes with a German collect and the Benedicamus Domino, then he turns to the people with the Aaronic Blessing.
Vespers: Vespers doesn't seem to be doing anyone any good, and the youth have better things to do, so it will no longer be held on weekdays. The bell may still be rung, however.
Sundays and high feasts: the schoolmaster goes to the Chor with the boys and begins the Introit (if pure), or a German psalm or "Kum, Heiliger Geist" may be sung instead; then the Diener reads the Epistle for the day as it had previously been sung; then the schoolmaster sings a brief alleluia or gradual; then the Diener reads or sings the Gospel for the day; then the schoolmaster sings the German Glaube or "Kum, Heiliger Geist," and the Diener goes to the pulpit and preaches on the Gospel, then the common prayer for the needs of Christendom; then the Schulmaister begins to sing a brief psalm: "Es woll uns Gott gnedig sein" or "So pitten wir den Heiligen Gaist" or another; during this the Diener goes to the altar, and when the singing is finished he reads the following exhortation to the communicants (which exhortation was in fact omitted from the order!).
Communion: held only on Sundays and holy days. (p. 659)
Who is allowed to the Lord's table: no one is allowed who has not first had his faith examined by the Diener. But after having been examined once or twice it is not necessary to register each time. On Sundays if there are no communicants the service is held as above with Gesenge, Gospels and Epistles, etc.
Vespers on holy days: after the bell has rung the schoolmaster enters and sings slowly one or two psalms, then a antiphon that is Christian. Then the Diener explains a part of the catechism for about a half hour for the sake of the youth. Then the schoolmaster sings the Magnificat in German or Latin with an antiphon, and the Diener closes with a prayer, the Benedicamus and the Blessing. (p. 660)
Holy days: Sundays, all apostles' days, Christmas (3 days observed in two?: "den Christag mit sambt sant Steffans tag und sant Joanes tag dofuer und in einen tag gefeiert"; New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost (2 days), John the Baptist, Visitation, Assumption [!], Mary Magdalene, Michaelis, All Saints. (p. 662)
Wertheim [ca. 1555] s [11/3/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 11:708–25.
Notes from Sehling.
Mass: held on holy days, and in special cases on weekdays. Mass vestments, Chorrock, chalice, corporal, etc. may be used or not, as desired. When the sermon is ended the first two verses of "Jesus Christ unser Heiland" are sung, during which the Diener prepares the table and the communicants assemble, the men on the right and the women on the left, the women following the men. When the hymn is finished the Diener turns to the people and speaks the (following) exhortation. (p. 713) Then the bread is consecrated and distributed, likewise the cup. During the distribution the other verses of "Jesus Christus" are sung, and if there are enough communicants "Gott sei gelobet" [is also sung]. It would be good if the Diener communed last so that he can finish what remains. Then he turns to the people [!] and reads the thanksgiving collect, as follows: "Lieben freunde Christ! Wir danken dem allmächtigen Gott, daá er uns durch diese heilsame gabe des leibes und bluts seines Sohns hat erquicket...." Then the Blessing, and "Es woll uns Gott gnädig sein" is sung. (p. 714)
Sermon: Sunday before the mass is the sermon on the Gospel with reading of one or two parts of the catechism. So that the catechism is used: before the sermon the Ten Commandments are sung (i.e., "Dies sind..."); in the mass a paraphrase of the Vater Unser is read, and the Lied "Nun freut euch lieben Christen gemein" is a good paraphrase of the Glaube; this Lied is sung after Sunday Vespers and after the sermon on holy days when there is no mass. On Sunday afternoon after Vespers is a sermon for the children, before which a Latin psalm is sung with antiphon. Then a brief sermon. Then the Magnificat is sung in Latin with an antiphon, closing with a collect with the Benedicamus, then "Nun freut euch." All of this lasts not more than an hour.
Holy days: Sundays, Peter and Paul, James, Lawrence, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Jude, Andrew, Thomas, Christmas (p. 716), Stephen and John, Circumcision, Epiphany, Purification, Matthias, Annunciation, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Philip and James, Pentecost (2 days), John the Baptist. (p. 717)
In the summer the Pfarrherr rehearses Luther's Small Catechism with the children and youth on Sunday afternoon. And when he reads a brief summary of the Gospel, he should also preach on the catechism on Sunday morning. (p. 718)
Wittenberg 1522 ([N.p., n.d.]) s [11/27/95] - semiofficial
Carlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein von. [Title not given in Sehling]. REPRINT: Richter 2:484–85; Sehling 1:697–98.
This is the infamous order that Luther vehemently opposed for its being too extreme. Notes from Sehling.
Beggars are not allowed in the city: they are to be either required to work or banished. Likewise, foreign scholars are not allowed in the city unless they provide for their own support.
Images and altars in the church are to be abolished in order to suppress idolatry, for three altars without images are sufficient. (p. 697)
The mass shall be held only according to Christ's institution. The singing shall be de tempore and not de sanctis, singing the Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Et in terra, Collect or Preces, Epistle, Gradual without Sequence, Gospel, Creed, Offertory, Preface, Sanctus without Major and Minor Canons (because they do not accord with Scripture), then the priest consecrates if there are communicants. If there are no communicants he consecrates and "summiert es," closing with the Collect without the Ite missa est. The communicants may take the consecrated host in the hand and place it in the mouth themselves; likewise with the chalice. (p. 698) Wittenberg 1523 (Wittenberg, 1523) s [11/17/95] - private
Luther, Martin. Von Ordnung Gottesdienstes in der Gemeine.
Notes from Sehling.
There are three abuses in the Gottesdienst: (1) that God's Word has been silenced, and there has been only reading and singing in the church; (2) there are many fables and lies in the legends, Gesange and sermons; (3) the Gottesdienst is seen as a work to earn grace.
In order to be rid of these abuses, the congregation should never assemble except to hear God's Word preached and to pray. It is still a good thing to assemble early in the morning and hear the lessons in Matins, whether alone or with two, or with two people alternating, or with two choirs alternating. The lesson should be from the Old Testament, reading a chapter or half a chapter, and so on through the entire Bible. When the lesson and explanation have lasted a half hour or longer it is time to give thanks and pray with psalms, responsories and antiphons (brief ones, that everything may be completed within an hour, or whatever time desired, so that it is not tiring). (p. 2)
Likewise assemble at 6:00 or 5:00 in the evening, reading either the Old or the New Testament in the morning and the other in the evening, with reading, explanation, praise song and prayer as in the morning, lasting an hour. If desired, another assembly may be held after the meal.
The entire assembly may not be able to come to these services every day, but at least the priests and scholars and those in training to be preachers should be there. On Sunday the entire congregation should be present, and mass and Vespers should be sung, preaching on the Gospel in the morning and the Epistle in the evening, or the preacher may select a book for himself.
The daily mass should be abolished, since the Word is the important thing, and not the mass. But if people desire the sacrament other than on a Sunday, then mass should be held as devotion and time permit; a law on this cannot be made.
The Gesenge may remain in the Sunday mass and Vespers, for they are nearly all good and are taken from the Scripture, although one may decrease or enlarge their number. The Pfarrer and Prediger shall select the Gesenge and psalms for the daily morning and evening [offices], with a psalm with responsory or antiphon with collect each morning. Likewise in the evening with reading and singing after the lesson and explanation. But the antiphons, responsories and collects, legends about the saints and the cross should be left alone for a time until they have been cleansed, since there is much filth in them.
Festivals of saints should be abolished, or where they have good Christian legends observed on Sunday with a reading after the Gospel. But I would let Purification and Annunciation remain, and Assumption and the Nativity [of Mary] must be tolerated for a while yet, although their Gesang is not pure. The festival of John the Baptist is also pure. The legends of the apostles are not, except for St. Paul, which may be moved to the Sunday or, if desired, observed specially.
The key in all of this is that the Word have free course: everything else can be done away with, but not the Word.
Wittenberg 1523 (Wittenberg, 1523) s [8/1/93; 11/17/95] - private Luther, Martin. Formula missae et communionis pro ecclesia Wittembergensi. A note in the Wolfenbüttel copy (Alv.: Ee 79 (11)) says that this is the `Urdr."
[Within a compartment: mythological figures at the top, columns at the sides, design below, 163 @ 116 enclosing 93 @ 67 mm.] {FORMVLA} | {MISSAE ET COMMVNIONIS} | {pro Eccleôia vuittem=} | {bergenôi.} | {MARTINI LVTHER.} | {VVITTEMBERGAE} | {M D X X III,} || [{stet:} M D X X III,]
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%Fingerprint: 1523 04 - b1 a2 e$E : b2 b3 bom %Preface: none %Music: none
Notes from AE and Sehling (pages cited from Sehling).
It is wrong to read the Epistle and Gospel in a language that the people do not understand. The Introit, Gloria, Et in terra, Gradual, Alleluia, Creed, Sanctus, Agnus Dei and Communion are acceptable. Offertories and "mercenary collect," sequences and proses were added to the mass (p. 4), along with "vestments, vessels, candles, and palls, of organs and all the music, and of images" (AE 53:22), but these "can be tolerated until they can be completely removed." (AE 53:22)
Sunday and festival Introits are retained, although the original psalms would be better. Introits for apostles' days, Marian feasts and days of other saints are acceptable if taken from Scripture, but we do not observe those days in Wittenberg. [Footnote in AE 53:23: on Luther's opposition to observing the feasts of the Holy Cross, see WA 10.III 113–19, 332–41, 361–71.] The Kyrie and Gloria are acceptable, although the Gloria may be omitted. The Collect is acceptable if pure (Sunday collects are usually okay), but "there should be only one." Then the Epistle, which Luther accepts but doesn't like because the traditional readings seem to emphasize works. The Gradual and/or Alleluia is okay, although the Quadrigesima and similar graduals having more than two verses are not used except for "Grates nunc omnes" (Christmas) and perhaps "Sancti Spiritus adsit nobis" and "Veni sancte spiritus [et emitte coelitus]" [footnote in AE 53:25: not "Veni sancte spiritus, reple tuorum corda fidelium"]. Then the Gospel, "for which we neither prohibit nor prescribe candles or incense." Then the Creed, which may (or may not) be sung. The sermon may be after the Creed or before the Introit. The offertory is an abomination. (p. 5) Not sure whether water should be mixed with wine, but prefers that it not be. Then "Dominus vobiscum," "Et cum spiritu tuo"; "Sursum corda," "Habeamus ad dominum"; "Gratias agamus domino deo nostro," "Dignum et iustum est"; "Vere dignum et iustum est, equum et salutare, nos tibi semper et ubique gratias agere, domine sancte, pater omnipotens, aeterne deus, per Christum dominum nostrum." Then: "Qui pridie quam pateretur, accepit panem gratias agens" [etc. with the Words of Institution, sung to the same tone as the Lord's Prayer, with a short pause ("interposita pausa") after the Preface; the words may be recited quietly or aloud]. Then the choir sings the Sanctus, and the "panis et calix" are elevated for the sake of the weak; the Elevation may be omitted if the people have been instructed as to its true meaning. Then the Lord's Prayer, beginning "Oremus. Preceptis salutaribus moniti etc.," omitting the following prayer "Libera nos quesumus." The host should not be broken into the cup. Then "Pax domini etc." facing the people. Then [the priest] communes himself, then the people, while the Agnus Dei is sung. The prayer "Domine Ihesu Christe, fili dei vivi, qui ex voluntate patris etc." is allowed if he changes the words "meis" and "me" to "nostris" and "nos." The Communion may be sung, but the final collect (which sounds like a sacrifice) is replaced with "Quod ore sumpsimus, domine" or "Corpus tuum, domine, quod sumpsimus" in the same tone. Then "Dominus vobiscum etc.," and in place of the "Ite missa" is "Benedicamus domino," appending (if desired) the Alleluia with its melodies, or using the Benedicamus from Vespers. Then the Benediction from Numbers 6. The bread and wine may be consecrated at the same time, or the bread may be distributed before the wine is consecrated. (p. 6) But everything in the order is free. "All that matters is that the Words of Institution should be kept intact and that everything should be done by faith" (AE 53:31) ("...vel quaedam omiserint, modo benedictionis verba sinant integra et fide hic agant."). Vestments may be used, but they should not be specially consecrated.
People intending to commune should be examined, although it is sufficient that this be done annually. (p. 7) Private confession is useful but should not be required. Both kinds should be used. (p. 8)
"I also wish that we had as many songs as possible in the vernacular which the people could sing during mass, immediately after the gradual and also after the Sanctus and Agnus Dei. For who doubts that originally all the people sang these which now only the choir sings or responds to while the bishop is consecrating? The bishops may have these [congregational] hymns sung either after the Latin chants, or use the Latin on one [Sun]day and the vernacular on the next, until the time comes that the whole mass is sung in the vernacular. But poets are wanting among us, or not yet known, who could compose evangelical and spiritual songs, as Paul calls them [Col. 3:16], worthy to be used in the church of God." (AE 53:36) ("Cantica velim etiam nobis esse vernacula quam plurima, quae populus sub missa cantaret, vel iuxta gradualia, item iuxta Sanctus et Agnus dei. Quis enim dubitat, eas olim fuisse voces totius populi, quae nunc solus chorus cantat vel respondet episcopo benedicenti? Possent vero ista cantica sic per episcopum ordinari, ut vel simul post [p. 9] latinas cantiones, vel per vices dierum nunc latine, nune vernacula cantarentur, donec tota missa vernacula fieret. Sed poetae nobis desunt, aut nondum cogniti sunt, qui pias et spirituales cantilenas (ut Paulus vocat) nobis concinnent, quae dignae sint in ecclesia dei frequentari.") (p. 8–9) In the meantime may be sung after the communion: "Gott sei gelobet und gebenedeiet," omitting "Und das heilige sacramente, an unserm letzten ende, aus des geweieten priesters hende." Another good one is "Nu bitten wir den heiligen geist," likewise "Ein kindelin so lobelich."
The weekday mass must be discontinued. The weekday services (Matins with the three lessons, the minor hours, Vespers and Compline) are acceptable, since they are taken from Scripture. They are, however, too long, and a bishop (pastor) might want to reduce the number of psalms in Matins and Vespers to three, with one or two responsories. The entire psalter and the whole Bible should continue to be used. (p. 9)
Wittenberg 1524 (Wittenberg, 1523) s- [8/18/93]
Luther, Martin. [Formula missae et communionis] Eyn Weyse christlich Meá zu halten und zum tysch Gottes zcu gehenn.
A German translation of the Formula missae.
Wittenberg 1525a s [11/28/95] - chapel
Bugenhagen, Johannes and Justus Jonas. Wie es einer zeit mit den ceremonien der kirchen gehalten wirt zu Wittemberg am tag Galli ubergeben 1525. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:698–700. Notes from Sehling. Sehling reprinted this order for the All Saints' Chapel from the {Zeitschrift für historische Theologie,} vol. 30, pp. 453ff. It is dated 16 October 1525, and Bugenhagen and Jonas are indicated as authors "mit rat d. Martini." The Zeitschrift also prints another document containing comments in German on this order, in Spalatin's handwriting. (p. 696) See Wittenberg 1525b.
Saturday Vespers: "Veni sancte spiritus," three psalms, then the antiphon "Veni sancte spiritus," then a lesson from Deuteronomy read in the prophecy tone in place of the chapter, a hymn in German (by Luther) or Latin (from the Scripture), an antiphon d.t. with Magnificat, Kyrie, Pater Noster, "et ne nos etc. ostende nobis domine misericordiam tuam, et salutare etc., dominus vobiscum," then "Oremus" with the collect d.t., "Dominus vobiscum" and Benedicamus. Then the psalm "Qui habitat" [the words "in adiutorio" are added in the margin] is read distinctly "sine tono" (p. 698), with the singing of the Nunc dimittis, closing with the "Credo in deum" and the Pater Noster.
At Sunday Vespers three psalms are sung with their antiphons. For ("Tempore vero") Easter, Pentecost and Christmas or other festivals observed an antiphon d.f. can be used, except for the festival of the Visitation. Everything else as on Saturday.
There is a paragraph on which of the traditional collects are scriptural, and therefore acceptable.
Matins: the first verse of "Veni creator" is sung, or occasionally if desired the entire hymn, then three psalms with antiphon from those in the psalter, then the Pater Noster, a chapter is read from Romans in that tone used at Vespers, with the responsory. Also the Te Deum with the antiphon from the psalter or de tempore, with the psalm "Laudate dominum de celis" with the antiphon de tempore if desired, with the Benedictus, then the Kyrie eleison, as in Vespers. On weekdays after the Te Deum in place of the psalm "Laudate" is sung with antiphon one of the six canticles of "Mosis, Hemie (?) ["?" appears in Sehling], Ezechie, Mosis, Abacuc, rursum Mosis," one for each day.
Prime, Terce, Sext and None: without the "Deus in adiutorium." After the hymns and the psalm "Beati immaculati" with antiphon ("Ab hymnis illis consuetis incipiatur, post cantetur psalmus beati immaculati etc. et dividatur in has quattuor horas more solito cum antiphonis ex psalterio vel de tempore") a chapter from an Evangelist is read in the lesson tone on "ut." Then "Oremus" with the collect de tempore, and after the "Amen" nothing is added.
Albs are not worn, but communion vestments may be (I think this is right!). The organ may be used if desired on Sunday for the Te Deum and the German Gesang ("carmina"). (p. 699)
Wittenberg 1525b s [11/28/95] - chapel
[Spalatin]. Vertzeichnus wie die Ceremonien im Stifft zu Wittenberg sollen geordent werden. .1.5.2.5. Manuscript. REPRINT: Theodor Muther, "Drei Urkunden zur Reformationsgeschichte," {Zeitschrift für die historische Theologie} 30 (1860): 456–61.
Notes from Muther.
Notes that with the abolition of the private mass, mass is rarely held in the chapel. Since the chapel; that is, the castle church, has no real congregation, there are very few who would desire communion. (p. 458)
Matins and the hours: in place of Matins six or seven psalms (depending on length) are sung, then a chapter from an epistle, then the Te Deum is sung, closing with a pure collect. In place of Prime, Terce, Sext and None is sung Ps. 118 [{sic}], "Beati immaculati," divided into four parts, then a chapter from a Gospel is read in place of the chapter, closing with a collect; None is closed with the Benedictus. (p. 459)
The two German lessons from Scripture in the castle and the Sunday early sermon in the castle may remain.
Vespers: in place of Vespers several psalms are sung, as above. (p. 460)
Wittenberg 1526 (Augsburg, 1526) r [8/1/93]
Luther, Martin.
See other issue.
Wittenberg 1526 (Erfurt) r [8/1/93]
Luther, Martin.
See other issue.
Wittenberg 1526 (Nürnberg, 1526) r [8/1/93]
Luther, Martin.
See other issue.
Wittenberg 1526 (Wittenberg, 1526) s [8/1/93] - private
Luther, Martin. Deudsche Messe vnd ordnung Gottis diensts.
[Within a compartment carved in a single piece: mythological figures and animals, 173 @ 121 mm. enclosing 78 @ 59 mm.] D\eudôche | M\eôôe vnd o#rd= | nung G\ottis | dienôts. | Wittemberg. || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Wittemberg. | M. D. XXVj.
%Size: 153 @ 103 mm. (a2^a) %Collation: 4º: A–F^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 24 leaves
%Fingerprint: 1526 04 - b1 A2 $noc : b2 F3 ynac %Preface: `Vorrhede Martini Luther" ... [undated] %Music: Psalm: Jch wil den herrn loben alle zeyt (B3^b–C2^a), Kyrie (C2^a), Epistle tone with example (C2^b–C4^a), Gospel tone with example (C4^a–D2^a), Verba #2 (D4^a–D4^b), Jesaia dem propheten (E1^b–E2^a), alternate tones for Epistle and Gospel (E2^b–F3^a) In his first sentence, Luther says that he is not imposing this service on anyone: "VOr allen dingen wil ich gar freundlich gebeten haben, auch vmb Gottis willen, alle die ienigen, so diese vnser ordnunge ym Gottis dienst sehen, odder nach folgen wollen, das sie ia keyn nöttig gesetz draus machen, noch yemands gewissen damit verstricken odder fahen, sondern der Christlichen freyheyt nach, yhres gefallens brauchen, wie, wu, wenn vnd wie lange es die sachen schicken vnd foddern, Denn wyr auch solchs nicht der meynunge lassen ausgehen, das wyr yemand darynnen meystern oder mit gesetzen regiern wolten, sondern, die weyl allenthalben gedrungen wird auff deutsche Messen vnd Gottis dienst, vnd gros klagen vnd ergernis gehet vber die mancherley weyse der newen Messen, das eyn iglicher eyn eygens macht, etliche aus guter meynunge, ettliche auch aus furwitz, das sie auch was newes auffbringen, vnd vnter andern auch scheynen vnd nicht schlechte meyster seyen, wie denn der Christlichen freyheyt alle wegen geschicht, das wenig der selbigen anders gebrauchen, denn zu eygener lust odder nutz, vnd nicht zu Gottis ehre vnd das nehisten besserung." (f. A1^b) ... "Denn es nicht meyne meynunge ist, das gantze deutscheland, so eben müste vnser Wittembergische ordnung an nemen, Jsts doch auch bis her nie geschehen, das die stiffte, klöster vnd pfarhen ynn allen stucken gleych weren gewesen, Sondern feyn were es, wo ynn eyner iglichen hir schafft der Gottsdienst auff eynerley weyse gienge, vnd die vmbligende stedlin vnd dörffer mit eyner stad gleych bardeten [{sic}], ob die ynn andern hirschafften die selbigen auch hielten odder was besonders dazu thetten, sol frey vnd vngestrafft seyn." (f. A2^a)
Regarding Latin: "Denn ich ynn keynen weg wil die latinische sprache aus dem Gottis dienst lassen gar weg [f. A3^a] komen, denn es ist myr alles vmb die iugent zu thun. Vnd wenn ichs vermöcht, vnd die Kriechsche vnd Ebreische sprach were vns so gemeyn als die latinische, vnd hette so viel feyner musica vnd gesangs, als die latinische hat, so solte man eynen sontag vmb den andern, yn allen vieren sprachen, Deutsch, Latinisch [no comma] Kriechisch, Ebreisch, messe halten, singen vnd lesen. Denn ich wolte gerne solche iugent vnd leute auffzihen, die auch ynn frembden landen kunden Christo nütze seyn, vnd mit den leuten reden, das nicht vns gienge, wie den Waldenser ynn Behemen, die yhren glauben ynn yhre eygene sprach so gefangen haben, das sie mit niemand konnen verstendlich vnd deutlich reden, er lerne denn zuuor yhre sprache...." (f. A2^b–A3^a)
The most important part of the Gottesdienst is the preaching and teaching of God's word (f. B2^a). We have three services on Sundays and holy days. The early service begins at 5:00 or 6:00. Psalms are sung, as at Matins, then the sermon on the Epistle, then an antiphon and the Te Deum or Benedictus "vmb eynander" [i.e., alternating weeks], with a Vater Unser, collect and Benedicamus domino. At the Mass at 8:00 or 9:00 the Gospel is preached on. At Vespers the sermon before the Magnificat is on the Old Testament, in order. But the Epistle and Gospel are ordered according to the time of year. (f. B2^a) There follows a discussion of the lessons for the services Monday through Friday mornings and Saturday Vespers.
Matins during the week: during the week the Knaben and Schuler sing psalms in Latin before the lesson (since we want the youth to practice Latin). (f. B2^b) After the psalms two or three boys read in turn a chapter in Latin from the New Testament, then another boy reads the same lesson in German for practice and for the benefit of any lay people there to hear it ("Darauff liset eyn ander knabe dasselbige Capitel zu deudsch sie zu vben, vnd ob yemands von leyen da were vnd zu horet."). Then an antiphon is sung, as described above ("Darnach gehen sie mit eyner antiphen zur deudschen lection, dauon droben gesagt ist."). After the lesson the entire church sings a German hymn, then a devout Vater Unser is said, then the Pfarherr or Capplan [reads] a collect, closing with the Benedicamus Domino.
Vespers during the week: [the boys] sing some vesper psalms in Latin with an antiphon, then a hymn (if available). Then two or three boys read a half or whole chapter from the Old Testament in Latin, depending on how long it is; then a boy reads the same chapter in German. Then the Magnificat in Latin with an antiphon, or a hymn ("lied"). Then a devout Vater Unser and the Collect with the Benedicamus. This is the daily service in cities where there are schools. (f. B3^a) Sundays: a geystlich lied is sung or a German psalm as follows: "jch wil den herrn loben alle zeyt" is notated; it is essentially a psalm tone (but not one the congregation could sing). (f. B3^b) Then the Kyrie (3-fold, Greek) in the same tone (C2^a). Then the Priester reads a collect in unison. Then the Epistle in Tone 8 (example given). (f. C2^b) Then a German hymn is sung: "Nu bitten wyr den heyligen geyst" or another, and this with the entire choir ("mit dem gantzen Chor"). Then the Gospel in Tone 5 (example follows). (f. C4^a) Then the entire church sings the Glaube in German, "Wyr gleuben all" (f. D2^a). Then the sermon on the Gospel. Then the paraphrase of the Vater Unser and the exhortation. (f. D2^b) This is done from either the pulpit or the altar (f. D3^b) Then "das ampt vnd dermunge" [i.e., the Verba]: see notes, p. 16. (f. D4^a) Luther recommends distributing the bread before the wine is consecrated. During the distribution of the bread the German Sanctus (Jesaia) or "Gott sey globet" or "Jhesus Christus vnser heyland" is sung. During the distribution of the wine one of the other above-named hymns is sung or the German Agnus Dei. The men commune before the women. The Elevation is retained, since it goes well with the German Sanctus and means that Christ has commanded us to do this in remembrance of him. (f. E1^a) Then the Thanksgiving "Wyr dancken dir." (f. E2^a) Then the Aaronic Benediction in German (f. E2^b).
On festivals (Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, Michaelis, Purification, etc.) the Latin singing must be retained until enough German Gesang exists (f. F3^b).
Wittenberg 1533 s [11/28/95] - official
Registration der stat Wittemberg, durch die verordenten visitatores beder visitacion gemacht und aufgericht. Manuscript. REPRINT: Richter 1:220–25; Sehling 1:700–710; Pallas 1906–18:2:1:2–16.
Notes from Sehling. This order resulted from the visitation of 1533.
[Sermons:] On SUNDAY MORNING a priest or deacon preaches on the catechism. On festivals he may preach on the festival, or otherwise on the sacrament or confession. (p. 700) After the sermon the entire catechism is recited, with the words of Christ concerning both sacraments, then the exhortation to prayer. The sermon at MASS by the Pfarrer is on the Gospel, followed by an exhortation to prayer for all sorts and conditions. At VESPERS a priest preaches on something from Scripture or on the Epistle for the day, then exhorts [the people] to prayer. On HOLY DAYS after the high mass the fourth deacon preaches in the outlying villages on the catechism, also reading the history or Gospel for the festival. After the sermon the catechism and the words of Christ concerning baptism and the sacrament are spoken word for word to the people. Then the exhortation to prayer. Before and after the sermon the deacon sings a German psalm with the farmers; in this way the farmers and their children and assistants learn to sing. The deacon may occasionally exhort them in this matter. A priest preaches on a lesson from Scripture on MONDAY, TUESDAY, THURSDAY AND FRIDAY mornings, followed by an exhortation to prayer, then he sings a German psalm or Lied with the people. The Custer should stand with the people and help them to sing. On WEDNESDAY morning the Pfarrer preaches on the Gospel of Matthew (lect. cont.), followed by the exhortation to prayer, etc. Then the scholars sing the German Litany in the middle of the church with the congregation. Then a collect with versicle, and the children sing "Benedicamus domino" etc. At SATURDAY VESPERS the Pfarrer preaches on the Gospel of John, followed by the exhortation to prayer. Then the scholars in the Chor sing the Latin Litany, closing with a Latin versicle, collect and Benedicamus. On HOLY DAY EVES one may preach as usual or de festo, with the Gesang as described below. On Wednesdays and Saturdays other texts may occasionally be substituted. CATECHISM SERMONS are held four times a year (once by the Pfarrer and the other three by the three priests): in the first two weeks of Advent, in the first two weeks of Quadragesime, in the "Creuz- und nachvolgenden wochen," and in the two weeks after the harvest (such as the Sunday before Bartholomew with the following two weeks). Sermons are held Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday at Vespers, which is divided as follows: psalm, antiphon, four lessons, then the boys go into the scholars' seats with the Lied "Dis sind die heiligen zehen gebot" (as on Wednesdays and Saturdays), then the sermon, then "Mensch, wiltu leben seliglich" is sung, and during the last verse "gehet man in den chor," then the Magnificat, Latin antiphon, versicle, collect and Benedicamus. The usual Wednesday and Saturday (morning) sermons are held if possible, but if not they may be omitted during the catechism weeks.
Festivals (besides Sundays): Christmas (3 days), Pentecost (3 days), New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, Ascension, John the Baptist, Visitation and Michaelis (p. 701). Two sermons (morning and afternoon) are held on Wednesday through Saturday of Holy Week, with communion if there are communicants. Confession is heard mornings before mass and evenings after Vespers.
Confession is heard after Vespers on each Feierabend and in the morning after the early sermon. If anyone comes to confession with a long list of sins, an appointment is to be made for him so that others are not hindered.
Gesenge: the schoolmaster should sing a number of antiphons, responsories, hymns and other Gesenge with the children, assuming they are drawn from Scripture. He should lead them and sing with them. On "sonderlichen" festivals the Gesang and lessons should be from the festival. Psalms and lessons should be read distinctly, so they can be understood. The scholars should not sing in German except when the people sing along. ("Deutsch sollen die schüler nicht singen, on allein, wenn das volk mitsinget.")
Saturday Vespers: 2 or 3 psalms are sung in the Chor with an antiphon, then three children read three lessons from the Old Testament in the tone used for lessons, but concluding as in a prophecy; that is: sol, sol, mi, fa, sol, sol, [one source adds another "sol" here] la, sol, fa, fa. Then a fourth boy reads (not sings) in German what the others have sung in Latin. Then a Hymnus is sung, and during the last verse they go to the pew in the middle of the church for the sermon. A Schuldiener is to remain with those who don't fit into the pew to make sure they behave and listen to the sermon. After the sermon the Latin Litany is sung in the Chor, closing with a Latin versicle, collect and Benedicamus. On evenings before "sonderlichen" festivals, after the sermon [the boys remain] in the middle of the church and sing the German Magnificat with the people, with a German versicle, closing with the collect and Benedicamus. When the singers sing figurally they may sing everything up through the Magnificat before the sermon; after the sermon the Da pacem is sung in Latin and German with a versicle, collect and Benedicamus.
Early sermon on Sundays and festivals: the boys in the Chor read the catechism "sine tono" in two choirs verse by verse in Latin, then two or three psalms with an antiphon, then four lessons, as above but from the New Testament (or de festo), then a German Lied is sung with the people, for which the scholars go to the Stuel in the middle of the church. (p. 703) After the sermon another German Lied is sung with the people, then the Te Deum is sung in Latin in the Chor (alternating Sundays with the Quicunque vult) to the Tonus Peregrinus ("secundum pm. tonum") with the antiphon "Adesto deus," then a versicle, collect and Benedicamus.
Mass: at holy day mass the Magister keeps the boys in the pew in the middle of the church in order, and a Schuldiener watches the others who are in the balcony, singing along with the others below. ("Zur messe des heiligen tages soll der magister die knaben verordnen, welche in den stuel mitten in der kirchen kommen, mit den andern aber, die in den stuel nicht kommen mogen, soll ein schuldiener ordenlich in die thurmthur gehen und in aller stille auf die borkirchen gegen mitternacht steigen, aldo mit singen, was man darunten singt, auch vleissig aufsehen, das die kinder stil sein, predig hören und nicht büberei treiben.") Note: this is the balcony on the left side of the church, as is evident from the description below of the women going to communion standing on the "mitternacht" side of the chancel.
Order of mass: first the Benedictus is sung with a brief antiphon, then an Introit (at times in Latin, at times in German in the form of a German psalm), then the Kyrie three times (or at times, especially on festivals, ninefold). The Gloria is sung only after a ninefold Kyrie. Then the Priester reads a German collect facing the altar, then he sings the Epistle facing the people. Then the children sing the usual Alleluia in Latin, and at times also a Gradual, then a German Lied from Scripture (this may be sung by itself for the sake of brevity). From Christmas to Purification the Sequence "Grates nunc omnes" is sung (the first verse three times and the last verse once), dividing the sequence with the Gesang "Gelobet seistu Jesu Christ." From Easter to Ascension "Victimä paschali" is sung after the Alleluia with "Christ lag in todes panden," alternating verse by verse. At Pentecost "Veni sancte spiritus" is sung with "Nue bitten wir." On the Nativity of John the Sequence "Psallite regi nostro" is sung, since "Sancti Johannis Christi präconis" and the like are not allowed. The Sequence for Mary Magdalene, "Laus tibi Christe," may be sung once or twice during the year on a Sunday, if desired. The sequence for the Holy Trinity may be sung as often as desired. Then the Priester sings the Gospel facing the people, then facing the altar he sings "Credo in unum deum." Then the scholars sing the Patrem in Latin, then they sing "Wir gleuben" with the people. Often the schoolmaster begins "Wir gleuben" immediately after the Gospel, for the sake of brevity. At times the Epistle, Gospel and collects may be sung in Latin according to tradition, especially on high feasts, since we have a university here and many understand that language. After the Glaube is the sermon on the Gospel, then "Da pacem" is sung in Latin and German. Then the priest reads before the altar a German versicle and collect, or he sings a German Lied de festo without collect. During this he prepars the bread and wine for communion, and the communicants enter the choir, the men on the right and the women on the left ("...die menner in die seiten gegen mittag, die frauen gein mitternacht.") On festivals the "Dominus vobiscum" and the Preface d.f. (or otherwise on Sundays the Preface for the Holy Trinity) are sung; the Preface may generally be omitted in order to proceed more quickly to communion, which is the only thing necessary. After the hymn after the sermon, or at times after the Preface, the Priester prays the Vater Unser for the entire congregation and consecrates with the melody that follows. [Vater Unser follows.] The church responds "Amen." Then the Verba, and after each part the priest elevates the sacrament. (p. 704) While the people commune the Sanctus is sung, also the Agnus Dei, "Jesus Christus unser heiland," "Got sei gelobt," the German "Confitebor tibi," "Pange lingua" in Latin, and the like, also German Gesenge de festo, until the communion is done. After communion the Agnus Dei is sung, even if it had been sung previously during communion, as follows: "Christe, du lamb gottes, der du tregst...." Then the collect "Wir danken dir." Then the priest turns to the people and gives the Benediction from Numbers 6, and the congregation answers "Amen."
Vespers on Sunday: before the sermon as on Saturday, except that after the Hymnus the German Te Deum of Luther is sung in the Chor, and a Schulgesell in the Schulerstul in the middle of the church assists the people in the answer every half verse. At the beginning several boys may also be used in that pew to help out until the people are accustomed to singing the Te Deum. ("Er mag auch zum ersten etliche knaben in den stul zu hulf nehmen, bis das volk sich gewent, solch te deum mitzusingen.") When this is done a Schulgesell goes quietly from the Chor out the front door with several children who will not fit into the school pew, coming back in through the tower door and going up to the left balcony to hear the sermon and to sing along. The other boys go to the scholars' pew during the last verse of the Te Deum. After the sermon the entire congregation sings the German Magnificat in the Tonus Pergrinus with the antiphon "Christum, unsern heiland, ewigen gottes Mariä son, preisen wir in ewickeit, amen." Then the German Nunc Dimittis ("Herre nu lestu deinen diener im fride faren...").
Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday morning: two or three psalms are sung with an antiphon. Then the boys read four lessons in Latin and German, as above, from the New Testament. Then the Benedictus with an antiphon. Then Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison, then Pater Noster with a versicle, collect and Benedicamus. Then the sermon or lesson by the priest. But the boys return to school after the Benedicamus.
At Vespers two or three psalms are sung with an antiphon, then the Hymnus, four lessons, as above, from the Old Testament, the Magnificat with antiphon, Kyrie, etc. After the Benedicamus the boys sing the Nunc dimittis "in figurativis aut contrapuncto." If the children have already sung at "hochzeit" in the church during the morning [parenthetical note: hochzeit = hohe zeit = messe] they do not sing Vespers that day so that they are not kept from their studies.
On Wednesday morning psalms, lessons and antiphon are sung, as above, but after the lesson a German Lied is sung, and the boys go to the scholars' pew during the first verse.
At Saturday Vespers the Litany is sung, as already mentioned. Nothing is done on Saturday morning in the church.
The Pfarrer may shorten such communion, Gesenge, lessons and sermons to account for the time and people available. (p. 705)
During the afternoon the girls in the girls' school learn to sing psalms and other spiritual Gesenge. Music is to be taught to those who can read, so that they learn "solemnisiern." (p. 706)
Wittenberg 1559 (Wittenberg, 1559) s [8/5/93] - semiofficial
Kirchenordnung: Wie es mit Christlicher Lere, Reichung der Sacrament, Ordination der Diener des Evangelii, ordentlichen Ceremonien in den Kirchen, Visitation, Consistorio u. Schulen, zu Witteberg und in etlichen Chur und Fürstenthum, Herrschafften und Stedte der Augsb. Confession verwand, gehalten wird. Cited in Graff 1:45. Graff: Essentially a reprint of the Mecklenburg order of 1552 with a few changes.
K\irch\\enordnung\: | W\ie es mit Chriôtlich\\= | er Lere/ reichung der Sacrament/ | Ordination der Diener des Euangelij/ ordenli= | chen Ceremonien/ in den Kirchen/ Viôitation/ | Conôiôtorio vnd Schulen/ zu Witteberg | vnd in etlichen Chur vnd Fürôtenthum/ | Herrôchafften vnd Stedte der Augs= | burgiôchen Confeôôion ver= | wand/ gehalten | wird. | [red flower] | W\itteberg\: | Gedruckt durch Hans Lufft. | 1559.
%Size: 138 @ 97 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–Z^4 a–n^4; $1–3 signed (–A1) %Pagination: 144 leaves: ff. {1} 2–144 (misnumbering 39 as 3)
%Fingerprint: 1559 04 - b1 A2 d$fur$ : b2 n3 an %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Latin Credo (Z3^a–a1^a), Our Father #1 (a2^a–a2^b), Verba #1 (a2^b–a3^b), 7 Latin Prefaces (d1^a–e3^a)
The liturgical provisions are exactly as in Mecklenburg 1552.
Wittenberg 1563 (Frankfurt/Oder, 1563) s- [8/6/93]
Constitution und Artickel des Geistlichen Consistorii zu Wittembergk, aus befehlich, weyland... Johans Friederichen Hertzogen zu Sachsen... durch seiner Churf. gnaden... Theologen und Juristen gestalt A. D. 1542.
Wittenberg 1565 (Wittenberg, 1565) r [8/6/93]
Kirchenordnung... zu Witteberg und in etlichen... Herrschafften... der Augsburgischen Confession.
A reprint of the 1559 order.
Wittenberg 1566 (Jena, 1566) s- [8/6/93] - official
Bedencken der Constitution vnd Artickel des Geistlichen Consistorij zu Wittemberg... Anno M. D. XLII.
Nothing on the order of service, but the following on baptism may be interesting: "Vnd der misbrauch, da etliche die Kinder nicht ins Wasser tauchen, noch sie damit begiessen, sondern streichen jn allein ein tröpff lein auff den Leib, oder an die Stirn, sol keines weges gehalten werden." (f. B1^b)
Wittenberg 1566 (Wittenberg, 1566) r [8/6/93]
Kirchenordnung... zu Witteberg und in etlichen... Herrschafften... der Augsburgischen Confession.
A reprint of the 1559 order.
Wittenberg [1570?] ([N.p., 1570?]) i [8/5/93] - private(?)
Christlike Kerckengesenge unde ordeninge uth der Augáburgeschen Confeáion und Wittenbergeschen Kerckenordeninge thosamen gebracht... The date is from the Berlin Realkatalog. A paraphrase in Low German of the part of the Wittenberg order on the service, with some details added concerning it and with a hymnal attached.
[Acorn pointing up and to the left] | C\hriôtlike | Kerckengeôenge vnde o#r= | deninge/ vth der Augáburgeáchen Con= | feáion vnd Wittenbergeôchen Ker= | ckeno#rdeninge thoôamen | geb#racht. | Aller Ch#riôtliker Gemeine gar nüt= | te/ heylôam vnde hoch= | nödich. | [ornament, 15 @ 40 mm.] | Coloôô. am 3. | Leret vnde vo#rmanet yuw ôulueôt mith | Pôalmen vnde Laueôengen/ vnde geiôtli= | ken leffliken Leden/ vnd ôinget dem HE= | ren yn yuwen herten.
%Size: 117 @ 69 mm. (A2^a) %Collation: 8º: A^6 B–K^8 L^6; $1–5 signed (–A1 B4 D2 K4) %Pagination: 84 leaves: ff. {1} 2–3 5–6 [{1}] 9–80 82–84 [#=81] [{3}]
%Fingerprint: 0000 08 - b1 A2 ikew : b2 L4 ft$verl %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Salutation and Collect intonation (A6^b), Latin Credo intonations (B1^a), German Preface (B1^a–B2^a), Our Father #1 (B2^a–B2^b), German Benediction (B3^b–B4^a), German Te Deum `Herr God dick loue wy" (D1^b–D6^a), Latin and German Kyries, with Gloria (D6^b–E2^b), Latin Alleluias for the year (E8^a–F2^b), several settings of the German Sanctus and Agnus Dei (F3^b–F7^a), tone for Psalm 111 (G1^a), tone for excerpt from Isaiah 12 (G4^a), Hymn `Ewigem schepper aller ding" (H1^b), Hymn `Wy dancken dy o güdige God" (H2^b), 2 settings of the Benedicamus Domino (H4^a), blank staves for `Erstanden is de Hillige Christ" (H8^b), the Litany (J8^a–K2^a), blank staves for `Ick rop tho dy HEr Jhesu Christ" (K3^a–K3^b), blank staves for `Wat kan vns komen an vör not" (K5^a),
Sunday Matins: choir sings one or two psalms in the manner that the Latin psalms are usually sung, one verse around the other, then the Te Deum in German as arranged by Luther, then the confession, with the Priester kneeling at the altar with the Cüster or with another (f. A5^a). The Priester says "mit luder stemme" "Vnse hülpe steit ym namen des HEren"; answer: "De geschapen hefft hemmel vnd erden." Then the confession, as in the KO, (f. A5^b), during which the church is silent. Then the choir sings "Kyrie eleyson. Christe miserere. O HEre erbarm dick vnser." Then the Prester: "Herlickeit sy Gode yn der höge." Choir: "Sin thorn vp erden &c." or "Vnd frede vp erden" or "Allene Gode yn der höge sy ehr" with the usual melody. (f. A6^a) The Prester to the people: "De HEre sy mit yuw" (notation given). Answer: "Vns geschee na dynem wordt." Prest: "Lathet vns bidden." He sings the collect and the choir answers Amen. Then he goes to the Pulpit and reads the Epistle. Then the Alleluia is sung "mit weinig noten." Then the Sequence (see below). Then he reads the Gospel. (f. A6^b) Then he turns to the altar and sings "Credo in unum Deum." The choir and people sing "Wy gelöue alle an eine[n] God." Then the sermon with the prayer, before which the Gospel is read again, not to last longer than an hour. If there are communicants, the Prester sings in front of the altar: "De HEre sy mit yw." (f. B1^a) The choir answers "Vnd mit dynem Geist." Et cetera, through the common preface in German. Then the German Sanctus follows. Then the Prester turns to the people and says "Latet vns beden als vns vnse HErr Jhesus Christus tho beden befolen heft, vns tröstlike erhöringe thogesagt." He turns to the altar and sings the VNse Vader. (f. B2^a) Then he takes the paten with the bread and turns to the people and says the Verba (taking the cup in turn as well). (f. B2^b) The people shall be exhorted from the pulpit (Predigestol) that they not leave before communion. Then the Agnus Dei is sung in German. Then "God sy gelouet." After communion he turns to the people and sings "De HEre sy mit yw &c." and the collect (f. B3^a). Then he sings the Benediction (notation given) (f. B3^b). If there are no communicants, the Litany is sung after the sermon, closing with a collect and the Blessing. "Erhalt vns HERR" and "Vorlene vns frede" may be sung.
Vespers is rung at 3:00 in the afternoon and not before, since immediately after a meal the people are sleepy and not fit to worship God. A psalm or two is sung. Then "Jck dancke dy HEre dat du tornig bist gewesen" from Isaiah 12. (f. B4^b) Then the Hymnus and the Magnificat in German. Then the sermon on the Epistle or Passion (in Lent). (f. B5^a) Then "Mit fred vnd freud" or the Ten Commandments or another hymn is sung. Then "De HEre sy mit yw, &c." with a collect. Then "Benedicamus domino: Deo dicamus gratias."
Holy days: Christmas, St. Stephen, St. John (half), New Year's, Epiphany, Purification, Annunciation, (f. B6^a), Easter (2-1/2 days), Ascension, Bedemesse (day after Ascension), Pentecost (2-1/2 days), Trinity, Mary's Homecoming, Michaelis, the apostles' days may be observed as half days; Assumption is not observed. (f. B6^b)
Wednesdays and Fridays is a service. The Vater Unser or the Ten Commandments or "Christ unser Herr" or "Got the Father wone" or another hymn is sung. Then "Wy gelouen." Then a chapter from the New Testament is read. A brief hymn such as "Erhald vns HErr" is sung, the whole service not to last more than half an hour. (f. B7^a)
Other services (next two pages) Wittgenstein 1749 (Berlenburg, 1749) s [8/6/93] - Reformed
Kirchen- u. Schul-Ordnung, wie es mit der Lehre... in der Grafschafft Wittgenstein gehalten werden solle, welche bereits 1565 eingeführet u. A. 1746 erneuert und verbessert.
K\irchen= | und | S\chul=O\rdnung/ | Wie es mit der Lehre/ und Predigt | Göttlichen Worts/ Bedienung der heiligen Bun= | des=Siegel/ und andern Chriôtlichen Handlungen/ Un= | terweisung der Jugend/ Abôchaffung ärgerlichen und ôündlichen | Thaten/ und Fortpflantzung wahrer Gott= | ôeeligkeit | in der Grafôchafft Wittgenôtein | gehalten werden ôolle/ | welche bereits 1565. | eingeführet | und {Anno} 1746. | erneuert und verbeôôert. | [ornamented rule] | Berlenburg/ | druckts Chriôtoph Michael Regelein. 1749.
%Size: 158 @ 107 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 4º: A–2M^4 N^2; $1–3 signed (–A1); 2N2 signed 2N3 %Pagination: 142 leaves: pp. {1–3} 4–280 [{4}]
%Fingerprint: 1749 04 - b1 A2 $glei : b2 2N3 n=Rüger %Preface: `WJR FRJEDERJCH, regierender Graff zu Sayn, Hohen- und Wittgenstein, Herr zu Homburg, Vallendar, Neumagen, Lohra und Clettenberg &c." ... `So geschehen auf Unserm Residentz-Schloá Wittgenstein den 29. Junii Anno 1746. Friederich, Graf zu Sayn, Hohen- und Wittgenstein." %Music: none
Subscription to the Reformed confessions (p. 8).
Sunday morning: rung at 7:00 and 8:00, begun at 9:00 with a hymn related to the text and chosen by the Prediger (p. 23), then a lesson from the Bible or Heidelberg Catechism with sermon (not to last more than an hour—an hourglass is to be placed on the pulpit in every church for this purpose): "Diese Morgend= wie auch alle andere Predigten (es seye dann an einem grossen Buá-Tag oder bey sonstigen ausserordentlichen Vorfällen) sollen durchaus nicht über eine Stunde dauren, deáhalb auf jeder Cantzel eine richtige Sand-Uhr angeschaffet und dem Pfarrer zur Nachricht gehalten und von ihm bey Betrettung der Cantzel umgewendet werden soll, welcher sich in seinem Concept und Meditation so er zu Haus macht, darnach schicken kan; dann in einer [p. 25] Stunde mag gar vieles vorgetragen werden, zumalen wann man unnöthige Sachen, ausschweiffende Digressiones, Schul-Gezänck, überflüáige critische Anmerckungen und Anhäuffungen verschiedener Meynung weglässet, so wird auch nicht nur hierdurch die Andacht erhalten, der verdrüálichen Ohnachtsamkeit vorgebauet, sondern auch des Predigers Leibes- Gesundheit gerathen." (Is this a veiled threat, or what?!) (p. 24–25) After the sermon is the prayer (see below; the content of the sermon may also be summarized in the prayer), then the examination on the sermon in which the youth are questioned on the content of the sermon and the Heidelberg Catechism (which is not to last more than a half hour) (p. 25), closing with a verse from a hymn or psalm and the Blessing.
Sunday afternoon: begins at 2:00 (or 1:00 from Martini to Faánacht); sermon is on the Heidelberg Catechism except in Lent, when it is on the Passion history; there is no sermon in villages, but a chapter from the Bible is read, then the Kinderlehre, then a prayer is read or prayed spontaneously, closing with a hymn and the Blessing. (p. 26)
Weekly sermons: held Wednesdays from the First Sunday in Advent to Christmas in cities and villages at 9:00 A.M., closing with hymn and Blessing. The services are also held in Lent (from the Wednesday after Esto Mihi). (p. 27) Beth-Stunden: held morning and evening in cites and villages. A hymn is sung, and a chapter is read from Scripture and its content briefly elucidated upon. Pastors preaching in the weekly sermon are excused from one of the prayer services on that day.
Beth-Tag sermons: held the first Wednesday of each month at 8:00 in the city and 7:00 in the villages in the summer and at 9:00 all over in the winter. (p. 28) A penitential hymn is sung, the wrath of God is declared, closing with a collect. There is also a Gross Fast- Buá und Beth-Tag on the first Wednesday in the New Year and the first Wednesday in July, on which four services are held. (p. 29) (details given, not copied)
Details are given for the festivals of Christmas, New Year's, Good Friday, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost (p. 31–34). There is a Vorbereitungs-Predigt at 9:00 on the day before Holy Communion is held. (p. 34–35)
Abendmahl is held five times a year on Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, the first Wednesday in July and the 21st Sunday after Trinity; it would be edifying to offer it more often. It is announced a week before to the congregation. (p. 123) All those planning to commune (except those from out of town) are to attend the Vorbereitungs-Predigt. (p. 125) After the sermon an exhortation is read (p. 136–45), which contains the Words of Institution. Then a prayer (p. 146–47) and the Unser Vatter, followed by the Apostles' Creed (p. 147–48). After the distribution is a prayer of praise ("Bless the Lord, O my soul...") and the Blessing. (p. 150–52)
Wolfstein 1574 s [10/9/95] - official
Stieber, Thomas. Christliche Instructio, wie die getrückte brandenburgische und nürnbergische kürchenordnung mit andern nötigen angehengten artikeln in unsers genedigen herrn, hern Hans Endresen vom Wolffstain, freihern zur Obernsulzbürg, land und herrschaft in seinem rechten, christlichen gebrauch fortgesetzt und erhalten werden soll, gestelt durch M. Thomam Stibarum, pfarhern zum Sulzberg und der löblichen freien herrschaft Obernsulzbürg superintendenten, anno verbi incarnati 1574. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 13:566–92.
Notes from Sehling.
Catechism instruction: held every Sunday after dinner in summer and at 11:00 or 12:00 in winter. First a German psalm is sung, then a section of the catechism is read, then the six chief parts are read in German and the children repeat after them [line by line], the older people repeating silently. Then one section of Luther's catechism is explained. Then the common prayer, then a brief psalm is sung, then a collect is read or sung, then the Blessing. In winter when it is too cold the lesson from the Large Catechism may be omitted and only the Small Catechism with the questions need be done. In summer the Large Catechism may be done one Sunday and the Small the next. (p. 569)
A sermon is held on Friday. Festivals such as the Conversion of Paul, Mary Magdalene, the Beheading of John, etc., which are mentioned in Scripture but which are not independently observed, may be observed on the nearest Friday. (p. 570) Sermons are given in a Chorrock, as is traditional (p. 571).
Confession is held after Vespers, or on Sunday morning if there is no resident Pfarherr. (p. 572–73)
Notes on communion: communion is not to be given to children under 12 years, nor to people who do not drink wine (they are to be exhorted to spiritual nourishment, as in John 6:63). (p. 575) The Elevation is not observed. Order for communion: when the Priester comes to the altar he may pray the Confiteor or whatever else serves his devotion. Then the Introit is sung (if pure), or a German psalm instead, then the Kyrie and Et in terra in Latin or German, or a German psalm instead, then "Dominus vobiscum" or "Der Herr sei mit euch" and "Et cum spiritu tuo" or "Und mit deinem Geist"; then the collect is spoken or sung in German, then the Epistle with the six chief parts of the catechism, then an Alleluia, Gradual or German psalm, then a chapter from the Gospel or Acts (or a half chapter, if it is long), then the Credo in Latin or the Glaube in German [footnote: "Wir glauben all" or the Apostles' Creed set to Zahn 8625] (p. 576), then "Nun bitten wir" is sung, then the Gospel for the day with the sermon and common prayer, then a brief psalm or hymn of praise may be sung (if there is time), then the exhortation and order for communion from the agenda of Dietrich; during the distribution the scholars sing the Agnus Dei, or where there are no schools the entire congregation sings "Als Jesus Christus, unser Herr" or "Jesus Christus, unser heiland." After the distribution "Gott sei gelobet" may be sung. Then the Thanksgiving, Benedicamus (the choir answering "Deo gratias") and the Blessing. Where this order is too long in winter, the Glaube may be sung immediately after the Epistle and the chapter from the Gospel omitted.
If there no communicants: everything is done as above through the sermon. Then a psalm is sung, such as "Erhalt uns, Herr" or "Es wöll uns Gott genedig sein" or "Sei lob und ehre mit hohem preis," then a collect and the Blessing, all to be done in a Chorrock without mass vestments. (p. 577)
Holy days: the high feasts (Christmas, Epiphany, Pentecost) and apostles' days, plus the three Marian festivals: Purification, Annunciation and Visitation, also John the Baptist. Visitation is moved to August 15th. Michaelis is also observed. Other Marian festivals and saints' days are not observed. (p. 587)
Württemberg 1536 s [12/2/95] - official
Schnepf (author); approved by Brenz. Gemein kirchen ordnung, wie die diser Zeit allenthalb im Fürstenthumb Wirtemberg gehalten soll werden. Anno. MDXXXVI. Cited in Graff 1:56. REPRINT: Richter 1:265–73. Notes from Richter.
Since there are so many good German songs, including those that have been translated into German, and because the spirit of people, especially the youth, is moved through song ("...vnnd des menschen gemüt sonderlich der jugend, durch gesang treffenlich erhertziget, vnd bewegt wurdet..."), we order that a German song be sung every Sunday and holy day before and after the sermon, and also on weekdays whenever there are scholars or other suitable persons available.
Although we have tolerated the wearing of the Chorrock by pastors for some time now on account of the weak, now for the sake of conformity it is no longer to be worn.
Holy days: Sundays, Christmas, Circumcision, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost. Half-day observances are Epiphany, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Annunciation, Purification, all apostles' days, John the Baptist.
Communion is to be held six times per year; that is, every two months. On the Saturday before, a German psalm is sung, then a sermon is to be held on the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ (p. 267), at the end of which [the preacher] informs the communicants that they are to assemble in the Chor after the sermon so that they can be counted. The sermon closes with the Chor singing a verse from a psalm or spiritual Gesang. Then the Pfarrer leaves the pulpit and goes to the Chor or wherever is most suitable and exhorts the communicants to a worthy reception of the sacrament, then he hears those who desire a special consolation. Sundays when there is communion: the "Veni sancte" is sung in German, then 1–2 German psalms, or a Gesang d.f. on Easter, Pentecost or Christmas (such as "Christ ist erstanden," "Christ lag in todes banden" and so on), then the Pfarrer preaches on the sacrament, then the German Glaube or a German psalm is sung until the Pfarrer arrives at the altar. The bread and wine are to be prepared according to the number of communicants. Then the Pfarrherr reads an exhortation to the communicants [interlinear note: from the Nürnberg order]. Then the Offen[t]liche Beicht and absolution (the absolution after Nürnberg). Then the church sings the Vater Unser in German, then the Pfarrer turns to the people holding bread and wine and reads the Words of Communion aloud (for the sake of conformity they are to be spoken and not sung). Then the people go forward and receive the body of Christ at one place and the blood of Christ at another. During the distribution the church sings the Sanctus in German, "Gott sey gelobet," "Jesus Christus vnser heilandt" or other Lobgesang that have been approved by the superintendent. After the distribution the Pfarrer reads a Collect, closing with the Blessing. (p. 268) The Pfarrer is to make certain that the communion service does not take so long that the people become weary.
Vespers on Sundays and festivals: a German psalm is sung, then the Catechism is expounded to the youth for about a half hour, then a German psalm or other spiritual Lied is sung, ending with the Blessing. The visitors and superintendents are to establish a set form of catechism that the youth in the entire land are to learn word for word. (p. 269)
Württemberg 1553 (Tübingen, 1553) s [7/27/93] - official
Brenz, J. Kirchenordnung, wie es mit der Leere und Ceremonien im Fürstenthumb Wirtemberg... gehalten werden soll. Cited in Graff 1:56. F. M1 has been removed and replaced with a blank leaf; the text for this leaf is missing. Graff: partly follows the 1536 KO, in places also Schwäbisch Hall 1543, Pfalz-Neuburg 1543 and Köln 1543; very influential. This is the so-called `Kleine Kirchenordnung," as are the editions of 1615, 1666 and 1694. The preface mentions the command of `Vlrich Hertzog zu Wirtemberg, &c. vnser freuntlicher lieber herr vnd vatter seelig" to produce and introduce a Kirchenordnung.
[acorn pointing up and to the right] Kircheno#rd= | nung/ wie es mit der Lee= | re vnd Ceremonien/ im F#ürôten= | thumb Wirtemberg an= | gericht vnd gehalten | werden ôoll. | [coat of arms in black and red, 58 @ 54 mm.] | Getruckt z#º T#übingen/ durch | Vlrich Mo#rhart/ Anno | [short rule] | {M. D. LIII.}
%Size: 112 @ 67 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 8º: A–L^8 M^8(ñM1;–M7,8) %Pagination: 94 leaves: ff. [{2}] I–LXXXVI {LXXXVII} LXXXVIII–XCI XCI [#=92]
%Fingerprint: 1553 08 - b1 A2 eilige : b2 M3 ch$men %Preface: `VOn gottes genaden, Christoff hertzog zu Wirtemberg, vn[d] zu Teck, Graue zu Mümpelgart, &c." ... [undated] %Music: none
"Kirchengesang" - in this context the word refers to singing in church, not to daily offices. It is hereby ordered that all singing and reading in the church be in German, except that the scholars may occasionally sing a Latin piece in agreement with the Scripture "jnen zur übung in der Kirchen singen." (f. K1^b–K2^a)
A Chorrock is ordered to be worn for all services (f. K3^a). Holy days: all Sundays, Christmas (2 days), New Year's, Epiphany, Easter (2 days), Ascension, Pentecost, Purification, Annunciation, all apostles' days, St. John the Baptist (f. K4^a)
Vespers on Saturdays and holy day eves: if there is communion the following day, a service is held with a sermon on Christian confession and the right use of the sacrament, with a public confession and absolution (with "called and ordained" and "verkündigen" in the absolution) (f. F3^a–F5^b). But apparently the confession is private after all: a hymn is sung at the start of the service, and the scholars sing psalms while the Kirchendiener hears confession ("vnder dem der kirchendiener die leüt verhöret"). (f. K7^a) If there is no communion, in the cities the Schüler sing Latin psalms with a Latin antiphon. Then the Kirchendiener reads a chapter from Scripture with its summary in German. Then the German Magnificat is sung, and the Collect and Blessing follow. In villages German psalms are sung, then a reading, then a German hymn or psalm, then Gebet and Segen.
Sunday communion: If there are communicants, see the communion order (okay!). It first of all reiterates the Lutheran view of communion. Communion should be held once a month in the cities, and may be held every two weeks if there are communicants (f. F8^a). "Komm heiliger geist," "Nun bitten wir" or another German psalm or hymn is sung appropriate to the time. Then the sermon on the Gospel, including a brief discourse on the proper use of the sacrament. (f. F8^b) At the end of the sermon the Gemeine Gebet is said (f. G8^b). Then the Glaube is sung in German. Then the exhortation is read. (f. G1^a) Then a collect (f. G3^b). Then the entire church sings the Vater Unser together, then the Words of Institution are read (f. G4^a). Then the people go forward to receive the Body of Christ at one place at the altar and the Blood of Christ at another, with two Kirchendiener administering the sacrament (f. G5^a). While the people go to communion the church sings "Gott sei gelobet vnd gebenedeiet" or "Jesus Christus unser heiland" or another appropriate hymn. (f. G5^b) Then the Thanksgiving "O Allmechtiger ewiger Gott, wir sagen deiner Göttlichen milte...." (f. G6^a) Then the blessing (f. G6^b). Sunday service without communion: the scholars sing a Latin Introit, or the church sings a German hymn, followed by the sermon (concluding with the Gemeine Gebet—see f. G8^b). Then a psalm or hymn is sung. (f. K8^a)
On Sunday afternoons there is a Predigt and catechism at a convenient time (f. K8^b, D8^a). First the Pfarrer or his Diaconus explains a section, then he hears the youth in their recitation (f. D8^a). Then a prayer (printed) is said (f. E6^a).
Weekdays: there is a service with sermon twice a week in the cities and once a week in the villages on a convenient day. Psalms are sung before the sermon, and another psalm afterward, closing with the Blessing. (f. K8^b–L1^a)
Württemberg 1555 (Tübingen, 1555) r [7/27/93]
Kirchenordnung. Wie es mit der Lehre vnnd Ceremonien im Fürstenthumb Würtemberg angericht u. gehalten werden soll.
A reprint of the 1553 edition.
Württemberg 1559 (Tübingen, 1559) r - official
Von Gottes gnaden vnser Christoffs Hertzogen zu Würtemberg vnd zu Teckh, Graven zu Mümpelgart, &c. Sum[m]arischer vnd einfältiger Begriff, wie es mit der Lehre vnd Ceremonien in den Kirchen vnsers Fürstenthumbs, auch derselben Kirchen anhangenden Sachen vnd Verrichtungen, biáher geübt vnnd gebraucht, auch fürohin mit verleihung Göttlicher gnaden gehalten vnd volzogen werden solle. Cited in Graff 1:56. Graff: this is the so-called `groáe Kirchenordnung"; it contains the Kleine KO of 1553 along with other items. Other editions of this appeared in 1582 and 1660.
Von Gottes | gnaden vnôer Ch#riôtoffs Her= | tzogen z#º W#ürtemberg vnd z#ü Teckh/ G#rauen | z#º M#ümpelgart/ #&c. Sum~ariôcher vnd einfäl= | tiger Begriff/ wie es mit der Leh#re vnd Ceremonien in den | Kirchen vnôers F#ürôtenthumbs/ auch derôelben Kirchen | anhangenden Sachen vnd Verrichtungen/ biá= | her geübt vnnd geb#raucht/ auch f#ürohin | mit verleihung Göttlicher gnaden | gehalten vnd volzogen wer= | den ôolle. | [coat of arms, 79 @ 69 mm.] | Getruckt z#º T#üwingen/ Jm jar | 1559. || [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Wittenberg/ | Bey Lorentz Seuberlichs Erben. | {A N N O} | 1 6 1 8.
%Size: 182 @ 118 mm. (*5^a) %Collation: 2º in 6s:
%Preface: undated and unsigned
A reprint of the 1553 order.
Württemberg 1565 (Frankfurt/Main, 1565) s [2/12/93] - official
Kirchenordnung, Wie es mit der Lehre und Ceremonien im Fürstenthumb Würtemberg angericht und gehalten werden sol. The last three paragraphs of f. 88b are mistakenly repeated at the top of f. 89a. This order says nothing about Württemberg in the title or preface, and it is completely at odds with the Württemberg orders surrounding it. Apparently the only ID is the Berlin catalog. So what is this order?
Kirchenordnung/ | das iôt/ | F\orm vnd weiôe/ nach | welcher die reyne Chriôtliche Lere/ Sa= | cramenten/ vnd allerley nötige Ceremonien/ in | etlichen fürnemen der Augôpurgiôchen Confeôsion verwand= | ten Kirchen/ deren Namen hernach in jrer ordnung gefunden | werden/ biáher verrichtet vnd im brauch geweôen vnd | noch ôeind. Jetzt mit ôonderlichem fleiá vber= | ôehen/ vnd auffs newe getruckt. | [woodcut? of people receiving communion, 72 @ 55 mm.] | Franckfurt am Mayn/ Anno | M. D. LXV. || [Colophon:] Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn/ | bey Martin Lechler/ Jn verlegung | Sigmund Feyerabends/ | vnd Simon Hü= | ters. | ANNO M. D. LXV. | [printer's device: two creatures, one blowing two trumpets, the other riding a sea monster, with text `Sigm#ºnd Fe#yerabent' above and `Simon Hütter" below, 114 @ 93 mm.]
%Size: 134 @ 97 mm. ()(3^a) %Collation: 4º: )(^4, A–2J^4 2K^2; $1–3 signed (–)(1); E2 2A1–3 2B1 roman; 2A1 signed A1, 2A3 signed A3 %Pagination: 134 leaves: ff. [{4}] {1} 2–92 {93} 94 {95} 96–130 %Contents: )(1^a title, )(1^b blank, )(2^a–)(4^b preface, A1^a–2K2^a text, 2K2^b colophon %Fingerprint: 1565 04 - a1 )(2 egebe : a2 )(3 öttlic - b1 A $ : b2 2K rzey %Preface: undated and unsigned %Music: Latin Creed (V3^b–X2^b), Our Father #1 (X2^a–X2^b), Verba #1 (X2^b–X3^b), 7 Latin Prefaces (Z4^b–2B2^a) See contents note.
Part 3 (f. 76b–119a): "Von Ordnung der Lection vnd Gesang in den Kirchen"
Forms for use in the cities and where there are schools:
Saturdays and festival eves: Vespers is held at the usual time. The Schüler sing one, two or three psalms with the antiphon for the Sunday or festival, then a responsory or hymn, "die da rein sind." Then a boy reads a lesson from the New Testament in Latin, and another boy reads the same lesson in German. Then the Magnificat is sung, occasionally in Latin, occasionally in German, with the antiphon for the Sunday or feast day. Then the priest reads a collect, and the choir closes with the Benedicamus Domino or "Erhalt uns Herr" and "Verley uns Frieden." After Vespers the priest hears the confession of those desiring to commune the following day.
Sunday and festival day Matins: the Schüler sing one, two or three psalms, with the antiphon for the Sunday or festival day. Then a boy reads a lesson from the Old Testament in Latin, and another boy reads it in German. (f. 77b) Then the Benedictus (or occasionally the Te deum laudamus) is sung in German or Latin. The service ends with an antiphon and collects.
Mass: first comes a general confession: the choir speaks the response to "Vnser hülffe stehet im namen des HERRN"; i.e., "Der geschaffen hat Himel vnd Erden." (f. 78a) After the absolution the choir sings the Introit for the Sunday or feast day. Then the Kyrie. Then the Gloria or "Allein Gott in der Höh." Then "Dominus vobiscum" ("et cum spiritu tuo") or "Der Herr sey mit euch" ("vnd mit deinem Geiste"). Then the priest reads the collect in German. (f. 79a) Then he reads the Epistle in German. Then a sequence or other spiritual song is sung. The the priest reads the Gospel in German and sings "Credo in vnum Deum." The choir answers with the rest of the Creed in Latin to the usual tone (the music is given on the following pages). (f. 79b) Then the congregation sings "Wir glauben all...." The sermon follows on the Gospel. Then the people are exhorted to prayer and thanksgiving (it doesn't specifically say that a prayer is said at this point) and to remain in church during the communion. (f. 81b) Then those communing kneel at the altar, the men in one place and the women in another. If there is time the priest sings "Dominus uobiscum" or "Der HERR sey mit euch" followed by the Preface. The Sanctus is sung in Latin or "Esaia dem Propheten" in German. Then the priest reads the exhortation to the communicants. The foregoing (Preface, Sanctus (I assume) and exhortation) may be omitted if time is short. Then the priest sings the Vatter Unser (to the tone Osnabrück 1652, p. 4 in notebook). (f. 82a) The Words of Institution follow immediately. The Elevation is omitted. During the distribution are sung: "Jesus Christus unser Heiland," "Gott sey gelobet," "Agnus Dei," "Esaia dem Propheten," and if there are many communicants, Psalm 111: "Ich dancke dem HERRN von gantzem hertzen," as it appears in the German hymnal. Other German hymns may be sung, closing with "Christe du Lamb Gottes." After communion the priest reads the collect (f. 83b) and gives the Aaronic Benediction. To close are sung "Erhalt uns Herr" and "Verleihe vns frieden."
On days when there are no communicants, the service proceeds: confession, prayer and absolution, as above. Then a German hymn or two, or "Allein Gott in der Höh," or another hymn. Then a collect, the Epistle, a psalm, the Gospel, the Patrem, "Wir glauben," the sermon with the prayer, as above. And as there are no communicants, the Prediger should exhort the people to commune more frequently. (f. 84a) Then the Litany is sung, or relevant psalms and other German hymns. The the priest reads a collect, then the Benediction. Finally "Erhalt uns Herr" and "Verleihe uns frieden." (f. 85a)
Sunday and festival day afternoons: the Schüler sing a psalm or two, or they sing the Ten Commandments, "Vatter unser im Himmelreich," "Christ unser HERR zum Jordan kam," etc. Then the Prediger instructs the children in catechism: they learn Luther's small catechism from memory. (f. 85a) Then the Magnificat is sung. Then the Prediger reads the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Vatter Unser, the "wort von der Tauffe" and the "wort des Abendmals." Then he explains a section of the catechism. Then he exhorts the people to prayer. Then "Herr nun lest du deinen Diener im friede faren" is sung, then a collect is read, then the Benedicamus Domino. The hymns are done as above at Vespers. (f. 85b)
Festivals observed: Nativity, Circumcision (f. 85b), Epiphany, Purification of Mary, Annunciation, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter (with Monday and Tuesday), Ascension, Pentecost (with Monday and Tuesday), Trinity. Nativity hymn: "Ein Kindelein so löbelich"; Easter hymns: "Christ ist erstanden" and "Also heilig ist der tag"; Pentecost hymn: "Nun bitten wir." These are sung at the start of the sermon. (f. 86a) Other festivals observed: apostles' days, St. John the Baptist, Visitation, Michaelis; on these days there is no afternoon service, except on Michaelis, which takes the place of the Assumption. (f. 86b)
Weekdays: services are held at least on Wednesdays and Fridays from 7:00 until 8:00 (and not longer). German hymns (such as "Vatter unser im Himmelreich," "Wo Gott der HERR nicht bey vns wer" and "Ein feste Burgk") should be sung before and after the sermon so that they remain familiar to people. After the sermon the Litany is sung. (f. 87a)
In the villages:
Vespers on Saturdays and holy day eves at 2:00: when the Pfarrherr lives in the village, he comes to church after the second bell and sings a German psalm with the Custos in such a manner that the text can be understood. Then an antiphon, then the hymn "O lux beata" in German or another good hymn appropriate to the day. Then the Magnificat in German and the collect, Benedicamus, "Erhalt vns Herr" and "Verleihe uns friede." (f. 87b) "So aber Männer vnd Frawen in die Kirch kommen (dazu sie der Pfarrherr fleissig vermanen sol)" a German lesson is read from the Old and New Testaments. Then the Magnificat and a German psalm are sung. Then the Pfarrherr hears the people wanting to commune the following day. If the Pfarrherr does not live in the village, confession is heard the following morning when he arrives.
Mass: the Pfarrherr and Custos begin with the public confession, prayer and absolution, as above in the cities. (f. 88a) Then a German psalm is sung in place of the Introit. Then the German Kyrie. Then "Allein Gott in der Höh." Then the Pfarrherr turns to the people and says "Der HERR sey mit euch." The Custos answers "Vnd mit deinem Geiste." Then the Collect for the day and the Epistle ("mit lauter stim[m], one Noten") — this is significant since it implies that the lessons were normally chanted in the cities. Then a German psalm is sung. Then the Gospel is read, likewise without music. Then the Pfarrherr turns to the Altar and sings "Credo in vnum Deum," as above in the cities. Then people respond with "Wir glauben alle...." Then the sermon, for which the Gospel is reread and explained. The common prayer comes at the end of the sermon. Then the people are exhorted to remain in church during communion. (f. 88b) [BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: The last three paragraphs of f. 88b are mistakenly repeated at the top of f. 89a.] "Nach der Predigt, fehet der Pfarrherr auff der Cantzel einen Psalm an zu singen. Es wöll vns Gott gnedig sein, &c." Then the Pfarrherr sings the Vatter Unser facing the altar and the Words of Institution, as above. Then "Jesus Christus unser Heiland" is sung, during which the people commune. If there are many communicants, other hymns are sung as well, such as "Gott sey gelobet," the psalm "Jch dancke dem HERRN," ending with "O Lamb GOttes vnschuldig" or "Christe du Lamb Gottes." After the communion the Pfarrherr says the Collect "Wir dancken dir Allmechtiger HERR Gott &c." followed by the Benediction, "Erhalt vnns Herr" and "Verleihe vns frieden."
Sunday and festival afternoons: before and after ("vor und nach") is sung "Diá sind die heiligen zehen gebot" and "Vatter unser im Himmelreich." If the people cannot come back on Sunday afternoon, a section of Luther's catechism should be read during the morning service after the sermon. The next paragraph appears to be misplaced from another page, and the remainder of the page is covered up with opaque tape. f. 90a–92a - collects for the various festivals and seasons. f. 92b–98a - prefaces, with music, for the chief festivals.
Württemberg 1582 (Tübingen, 1582) r [7/27/93]
Von Gottes gnaden unnser Ludwigs Hertzogen zu Würtemberg... Summarischer und einfeltiger Begriff. Cited in Graff 1:56.
The Kirchenordnung is a reprint of the 1553 order in its entirety, although a number of other orders (confession, a clergy order, marriage law, university order, school orders, Castenordnung, etc.) are also included.
Württemberg 1615 (Stuttgart, 1615) r [7/27/93]
Kirchenordnung. Wie es mit der Lehre vnnd Ceremonien im Fürstenthumb Würtemberg angericht u. gehalten werden soll. Cited in Graff 1:56.
A reprint of the 1553 order in its entirety. In the Wolfenbüttel copy pp. 195–226, dealing with the order of service, are missing.
Württemberg 1657 (Stuttgart, 1657) s [2/13/93] - official
Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es mit der Lehr und Ceremonien im Hertzogthumb Würtemberg angerichtet und gehalten werden soll.
[Within a frame] | Kirchen-Ordnung/ | W\ie es mit der | L\ehr vnd Ceremonien im | Hertzogthumb Würtemberg | angerichtet vnd gehalten | werden soll. | [device, 49 @ 44 mm.] | Stuttgart, Jm Verlag Johann Weyrich Röálins/ | [rule] | AÚNNO¿ M. DC. LVII.
%Size: 127 @ 74 mm. (A3^a) %Collation: 8º: A–N^8 O^4; $1–5 signed (–A1 G4 L3 M3 O4); J4 (signed I3), K3, M1 roman; F2–5 G2–3 G5 H2–5 J3 J5 with letters in gothic type and numerals in roman; C5 signed A5, J4 signed I3 %Pagination: 108 leaves: pp. [{12}] 1–204 %Contents: A1^a title, A1^b blank, A2^a–A4^a preface, A4^b–A6^b preface to the new edition, A7^a–O4^b text %Fingerprint: 1657 08 - b1 A2 Lehr : b2 O3 en$H %Preface: `VON GOTtes Gnaden, Wir Ludwig Hertzog zu Würtemberg und Teck, Grave zu Mümpelgart, &c." ... [undated] %Music: none
Mentions subscription to the Formula of Concord on p. 84. "Ordnung deá Nachtmals unsers HERRN JEsu Christi" (p. 83–104) - to be held on chief festivals, and in the principal cities every month, and if possible, every two weeks, as long as there are communicants. (p. 85) Begins with the hymn "Kom[m] heiliger Geist" or "Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist" or with a German psalm or geistlich Lied appropriate to the time. Then the usual Predigt follows, in which in addition to the usual exposition on the Gospel a brief discourse on the use of the sacrament of the altar is given. After the sermon the German Glaube is done, or otherwise a geistlich Gesang is sung. Then the Vermahnung is read. (p. 86) Then follow the Beicht and Absolution (the form of absolution uses "announce"). (p. 92–97) Then the congregation sings together the Vatter Unser in German. Then the Kirchendiener reads aloud the Words of Institution. (p. 97–99) The people go forward to receive the elements. Words are given that may be spoken to each communicant during the distribution: "Nimm hin vnd iá, das ist der Leib Christi...." (p. 100) During the distribution the congregation sings "Gott sey gelobet" or "Jesus Christus unser Heyland" or another appropriate geistlich Lobgesang. (p. 101) After the distribution the Kirchendiener speaks the Thanksgiving (collect) and gives the blessing (alternate forms given). (p. 100–104) "Ordnung der Litaney" (p. 148–64) - to be held on an unspecified weekday. Begins with "Mitten wir in Leben seynd" or another penitential German psalm or hymn. Then the Kirchendiener gives a sermon from the Old or New Testament. Then he condemns publicly those sins in the congregation of which he is aware. (p. 149) He also announces if there is any famine, pestilence, war or other misfortune that they should regard it as God's judgment and turn from their sins. Then the Litany is sung. (p. 150) Then a prayer, then the congregation says the Vatter Unser, and then the Aaronic Benediction.
"Von dem Kirchen-Gesang" (p. 165–68) - outlaws the use of Latin in the liturgy and hymns and forbids any hymn to be sung that does not have the prior approval of the superintendent. The following pages order that the usual Chor-Rock be worn for all services.
"Ordnung der gemeinen Kirchenämptern, beyd am Feyertag und Wercktag" (p. 177–80)
Vespers on Saturdays and festival eves: (1) if there is communion the next day, there is confession and instruction before and after the Predigt (p. 79–80). (2) if there is no communion: in the cities the Schüler sing Latin psalms with Latin antiphons. Then the Kirchendiener reads a chapter from Scripture with a summary (or brief sermon). (p. 177) Then the German Magnificat or other hymn is sung, then the common prayer and blessing. In the villages German hymns take the place of the Latin psalms and Magnificat. (p. 178)
Sundays and holy days with no communion: in the cities the Schüler sing a Latin Introit, and then a German psalm. In villages the congregation sings a German psalm. Then the Predigt follows, then a psalm or other geistlich Lied appropriate to the time is sung. In the cities a midday service and Vespers are also held, during one of which catechism is held. In the villages either midday service or Vespers is held, which is also a catechism service. (p. 179)
Weekdays: in the cities services are held on any two days and in the villages on any one day. Before the Predigt Psalmen are sung, and after the Predigt another psalm, but on one day in the week the Litany is sung in place of the psalm after the sermon. The service is closed with the usual blessing.
Württemberg 1660 (Stuttgart, 1660) r [8/11/93]
Von Gottes Gnaden unser Eberhards, Herzogen zu Würtemberg... Summarischer und einfältiger Begriff, wie es mit der Lehre und Ceremonien in den Kirchen unsers Fürstenthumbs... gehalten... werden solle. Cited in Graff 1:56.
Württemberg 1743 (Stuttgart, 1743) r [8/11/93]
Hochfürstlich Würtembergische grosse Kirchen-Ordnung [gedr. nach dem Exemplar d. A. 1660].
The KO is the same as the 1657 order.
Zwickau 1529 s [11/28/95] - official
[Untitled]. Manuscript. REPRINT: Sehling 1:721–22.
Notes from Sehling. This order resulted from the 1529 visitation of Zwickau.
At St. Catharine's at 4:00 in the summer and at 6:00 in the winter in place of Matins a psalm or two is sung, then a lesson is read from the New Testament, then the common prayer, closing with a Christian Lobgesang.
During the week are three sermons at St. Catharine's and three at St. Mary's. Matins and Salve, as well as the hours, are discontinued. On weekdays before the sermon relatively few psalms are to be sung and lessons read. The weekday mass is discontinued; if anyone requires communion he may receive it in his home if he is sick or in the church after the sermon (without mass) if he is well. But on Sundays and holy days mass shall be held if there are communicants. On Sundays and high feasts in both churches in place of Matins a Caplan delivers a brief half-hour sermon to the Gesinde. (p. 721)
At times the organ may be played and figural music sung. On high feasts Mass and Vespers may be sung in Latin. The girls' choir is discontinued, since it is not necessary to saddle them with this task. ("Der meidlen kor mit irem gesange soll abgeen, dann sie mit derselben arbeit zubeschweren von unnoten.") The girls' are also not to be kept in school for longer than an hour and a half in the morning and two hours in the afternoon. (p. 722)