DOCSLIB.ORG

Master Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master Thesis MASTER THESIS Language maintenance and shift of two Armenian communities in Athens and Istanbul: A comparative study BACKGROUND INFORMATION Details of student: Name: TalinKiroumpian ANR: 682197 Name of the Supervisor(s): Name supervisor 1: Prof. Dr. K. Yagmur Name supervisor 2: Dr. V. Draulans Name of MTO supervisor: Dr. H.G. Siebers Title of the Circle: Language Maintenance Shift Word count: 21.000 approx. 1 Abstract In this study I intended to investigate language maintenance and shift patterns of Armenians living in two different cultural contexts: Athens and Istanbul. Given the large socio-historical and cultural differences regarding Armenian communities in the two cities, exploring language use, choice, preference and dominance of Armenian will be interesting. Due to the cultural and religious differences between Armenians and the two other communities (i.e., Greeks and Turks), I assume Armenians’ identity perception in the two contexts would be different. This study has a comparative study design in order to highlight the differences in the language use patterns between those respective communities. First, the differences will be explored through a survey aiming at both students who are over fourteen years old, parents and members of the Armenian community. In addition, interviews will be used to gain a deeper insight and understanding of identity issues. The focus is on language maintenance efforts of Armenian people who had a long history of struggle with issues of bilingualism and language shift. Diglossia is a term used to define the involvement of a community with two languages (Ferguson, 1959; Fishman, 1972, 1980). Fishman (1972, 1980) defines diglossia as the existence of two languages side by side within a geographical area. Fishman and Garc a (2010) claim that language is a group’s symbol of identity and a cement of basic social, emotional and spiritual principles of a community that are transmitted from generation to generation. The continuity and maintenance or shift in language use is greatly dependent on these issues. In this research is important to include the notion of ethnic identity as a major factor of influence regarding issues of language choice and language use patterns. There is a little research that had been conducted in Armenian communities of Athens and Istanbul. Embedded in this research the notion of ethnic identity is highlighted, the language maintenance and shift issues are discussed and the coexistence of the two languages influenced by historical perspectives is analyzed. Due to the little research that has been conducted concerning issues of language maintenance and shift, this research aims to contribute to the field of linguistics and especially to issues of language maintenance and shift with 199 questionnaires and 16 interviews that have been selected and conducted in a period of almost two months regarding the Armenian language in two different cultural contexts of Athens and Istanbul. Key words: language maintenance and shift, ethnic and cultural identity, ethnolinguistic vitality, social networks, Armenian, Armenian schools in Athens, Armenian schools in Istanbul, Armenian cultural institutions in Athens, Armenian cultural institutions in Istanbul. 2 Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Overview ............................................................................................................ 6 1.2. General Profile of the thesis ............................................................................... 6 1.3. The target group .................................................................................................. 7 1.4. Overview of the thesis ......................................................................................... 8 2. The Armenian Community in Athens and in Istanbul ........................................ 9 3. Theoretical Background ....................................................................................... 11 4. Research Methodology .......................................................................................... 18 4.1. Research Question ......................................................................................... 18 4.2. Research Design ............................................................................................ 19 4.3. Data Collection .............................................................................................. 20 4.4. Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 20 4.5. Survey Instrument ......................................................................................... 22 4.6. Interviewees Profile ....................................................................................... 24 4.7. Sample Strategy ............................................................................................. 25 4.8. Research Quality Indicators........................................................................... 26 5. Results ..................................................................................................................... 28 5.1. Background Information................................................................................ 28 5.2. Ethnic Identification ...................................................................................... 30 5.3. Cultural Identity............................................................................................. 32 5.4. Cultural norms and values ............................................................................ 33 5.5. Social Network .............................................................................................. 34 5.6. Ethnolinguistic Vitality ................................................................................. 34 5.7. Language choice, use and preference ........................................................... 35 5.8. Demographic Status....................................................................................... 38 3 5.9. Education ....................................................................................................... 39 5.10. Media ........................................................................................................... 43 5.11. Religious Matters and Marriage patterns ................................................... 45 5.12. Cultural Organizations and activities .......................................................... 47 5.13. Discussion.................................................................................................. ..50 6. Conclusions and Discussion .................................................................................. 54 6.1. Identity ........................................................................................................... 54 6.2. Social Networking ......................................................................................... 55 6.3. Religious matters and marriage patterns ....................................................... 56 6.4. Ethnolinguistic Vitality ................................................................................. 57 6.5. Language use, choice and preference patterns .............................................. 58 Some Final Remarks .................................................................................................... 59 Limitations .................................................................................................................. 60 References ................................................................................................................... 62 4 Acknowledgements My research project has been possible with the help and support of numerous people, some of whom I would like to mention here. First and foremost, I offer my utmost gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Kutlay Yagmur, who read numerous versions and revisions of this research and guided me in the right direction. Without his patience, valuable advice, support and deep knowledge this research would have been impossible. From the very early stages of this research until the very end, his extraordinary experiences and thoughts combined with his unflinching encouragement and his friendly approach made this research project possible. I gratefully acknowledge my second reader Dr. Verlee Draulans for her valuable advice, active interest and crucial contribution to this thesis. I am deeply grateful to my contact person in Istanbul Ms. Quin Minassian whose valuable personal contacts gave me the opportunity and the pleasure to meet and interact with a bunch of beautiful people who made my stay in Istanbul extraordinary. In addition, I would like to acknowledge and express my deep gratitude to my second contact person in Istanbul Mr. Arsen Arsek who became the link between me and the Armenian schools in Istanbul. Without him my observations in the Armenians schools, the students’ participation and finally the interviews with the respectful directors, head of schools would simply be impossible. Moreover, I would like to thank Ms. Frago Karaoglan for her great hospitality. She kindly offered me her beautiful house, her office facilities and the most important her delicious Turkish-Greek mixed dishes. She made my stay in Istanbul
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
    Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary
    [Show full text]
  • Houri Berberian. in Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian and Ottoman Worlds
    Houri Berberian. In Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian and Ottoman Worlds. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2019. Pp. 320. Paper. $34.95. Middle East historian and Chair of Armenian Studies at the University of California, Irvine, Professor Berberian uses a transnational approach to examine the Russian Revolution (1905), the Iranian Revolution (1908) and the Ottoman (Young Turk) Revolution (1905-11), and focuses on the role of Armenian revolutionaries in connecting these revolutionary upheavals and histories. Berberian shows how Armenians simultaneously participated in all three revolutions due to its geographical location perched between Russia, Iran and Ottoman Anatolia. Specifically, she shows how Armenian intellectuals and revolutionaries utilized modern technology to facilitate the spread of information, revolutionary literature, ideologies, and weapons within the empires, while revolutionizing their own ethnic community. Moreover, these revolutionaries were linked to a global network of Armenian diaspora, using steam ships, telegraphs and an increased access to printing technology, which profoundly contributed to the movements and migration of revolutionaries in Iran, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Berberian first isolates the revolutions as separate entities then connects them through Armenian revolutionaries and intellectuals. She shows how these uprisings were connected through the systemic circulation of ideologies, Armenian activities, objects, arms, and print. In the early twentieth century, Armenians were a small minority population within all three empires, yet their political impact was profound. Global philosophies and ideologies of the nineteenth century, such as liberalism and socialism, were reaching the Middle East and the Southern Caucasus. Berberian argues Armenians were at the forefront of these new ideologies, which allowed a modern revolutionary movement of their own.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans
    Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs ISSN: 1360-2004 (Print) 1469-9591 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjmm20 Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans Brad Dennis To cite this article: Brad Dennis (2019): Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 Published online: 14 Aug 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 11 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cjmm20 Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans BRAD DENNIS Abstract Armenian liberationists and revolutionaries since the end of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1878 looked to the Balkan model of political autonomy and independence as inspiration for crafting a liberation strategy for the Armenians in Eastern Anato- lia. In spite of the fact that more pragmatic revolutionaries attempted to convince the Armenian community that the Balkan model would not work for the Armenians because of demographic and geopolitical differences, the Armenian struggle for inde- pendence from the Ottoman Empire was waged in a way that was similar to the Balkan model. There is strong reason to believe that if the Armenians had had stron- ger British and Russian backing and constituted a slightly higher percentage of the population in the region of Eastern Anatolia that an independent Armenia would have emerged in Eastern Anatolia and Cilicia much in the same manner that an independent Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro emerged in the Balkans.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference on Co-Sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced
    NUMBER 107 NATIONALISHE ET SOCIALIS:tv1E DAt"'S LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN: 1887-1912 .. ANAHIDE TER MINASSIAN UNIVERSITE' DE PARIS I Conference on "NATIONALISM AND SOCIAL CHAt"'GE IN TRAt"'SCAUCASIA" Co-sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, The Wilson Center and American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies April 24-25, 1980 1 • NATIONALISME ET SOCIALISME DANS LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN (1887- 1912) Le nationalisms armenian a, au 19e siecle, une his­ toire pluriseculaire, si l'on admet que la conscience na­ tionale identifiee ~ la conscience religieuse et culturelle a survecu ~ la disparition des principautes et royaumes ar­ meniens (1). Nationalisms d'une minorite placee aux confins d'empires multinationaux et dispersee en colonies lointai­ nes, le nationalisms armenien dont les expressions ont varie selon les classes sociales (clercs, nobles, marchands, intellectuals, paysans) et selon leurs caracteristiques cul­ turelles (2)' a ete d'abord nostalgia des origines et lucidi­ te d'exister. Sous l'influence des Revolutions frangaises et europeennes, et des insurrections balkaniques, la pensee politique armenienne -celle des intellectuals formes au con­ tact de l'Occident- se modernise. L'idee de Nation, l'idee de Peuple, avec ses exigences centripetes, emerge lentement de l 1 idee de communaute religieuse que perpetuent, cependant jusqu'au 20e siecle, le systeme des millets dans l'Empire Ottoman et le Pologenie dans l'Empire russe (3). Trouvant son propre elan chez les Armenians de Tur­ quie ou de Madras (4), le nationalisms n'est pas une doc­ trine propre aux Armenians caucasiens. Mais ceux-ci lui conferent des traits originaux.
    [Show full text]
  • Area Studies
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 091 303 SO 007 520 AUTHOR Stone, Frank A. TITLE Armenian Studies for Secondary Students, A Curriculum Guide. INSTITUTION Connecticut Univ., Storrs. World Education Project. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 55p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3 15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibographies; *Area Studies; Cultural Pluralism; *Culture; *Ethnic Studies; Evaluation; *Humanities; Immigrants; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; *Middle Eastern Studies; Minority Groups; Questioning Techniques; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS Armenians; *World Education Project ABSTRACT The guide outlines a two to six week course of study on Armenian history and culture for secondary level students. The unit will help students develop an understanding of the following: culture of the American citizens of Armenian origin; key events and major trends in Armenian history; Armenian architecture, folklore, literature and music as vehicles of culture; and characteristics of Armenian educational, political and religious institutions. Teaching strategies suggested include the use of print and non-print materials, questioning techniques, classroom discussion, art activities, field traps, and classroom visits by Armenian-Americans. The guide consists c)i the following seven units:(1) The Armenians in North America; (2) sk.,,tches of Armenian History;(3) Armenian Mythology; (4) lic)ices of Fiction and Poetry;(5) Armenian Christianity; (e) Armenian Fine Arts; and (7)Armenian Political Aims. InstrLF-ional and resource materials, background sources, teaching s...7atc,c !s, and questions to stimulate classroom discussion are prove.': :'fc,r each unit. (Author/RM) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NO1 NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFF ICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY ARMENIAN STUDIES FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS P% A Curriculum Guide Prepared by Frank A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Tsarist Policy on the Armenian Ques- Tion in the South Caucasus (1903-1914)
    ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output The evolution of Tsarist policy on the Armenian ques- tion in the South Caucasus (1903-1914) https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40100/ Version: Public Version Citation: Onol, Onur (2014) The evolution of Tsarist policy on the Ar- menian question in the South Caucasus (1903-1914). [Thesis] (Unpub- lished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email The Evolution of Tsarist Policy on the Armenian Question in the South Caucasus (1903-1914) Onur Onol Department of History, Classics and Archeology Birkbeck, University of London Submitted for the degree of PhD November 2014 1 The work presented in this thesis is my own. Onur Onol 2 ABSTRACT From the Tsarist confiscation of the properties of the Armenian Church in 1903 to the outbreak of the First World War, relations between Russia and its Armenian subjects gradually changed. This thesis scrutinizes how and why this gradual change took place between 1903 and 1914 by looking at the interaction between the Russian administration and the three political pillars of the Russian Armenians (the Dashnaktsutiun, the Armenian Church, and the Armenian bourgeoisie) as well as Russian foreign policy considerations. The confiscation decree of 1903 triggered an immense reaction by the Russian Armenians against the Russian government, which became part of the revolutionary unrest in the South Caucasus in 1905. The relations began to improve with the arrival of the viceroy of the Caucasus, Illarion I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Armenians and Tsarist Russia (1870-1906)
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Bilkent University Institutional Repository THE ARMENIANS AND TSARIST RUSSIA (1870-1906) A Master’s Thesis by ONUR ÖNOL Department of International Relations Bilkent University Ankara September 2009 To my family THE ARMENIANS AND TSARIST RUSSIA (1870-1906) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by ONUR ÖNOL In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BĐLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA September 2009 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------------- Professor Norman Stone Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------------- Dr. Hasan Ali Karasar Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------------- Associate Prof. Jeremy Salt Examining Committee Member Approval of the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences --------------------------------- Prof. Dr. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT THE ARMENIANS AND TSARIST RUSSIA (1870-1906) Önol, Onur M.A., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Norman Stone September 2009 The Armenians of Tsarist Russia was in a promising situation with their immense impact on economic, cultural and political affairs of Transcaucasia until the last two decades of the 19th century, which saw major changes as regards to their position in the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • For Submission
    Between Host-Countries and Homeland: Institutions, Politics and Identities in the Post-Genocide Armenian Diaspora (1920s to 1980s) by Vahe Sahakyan A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Near Eastern Studies) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Kevork B. Bardakjian, Chair Associate Professor Carol B. Bardenstein Emeritus Professor Gerard J. Libaridian Associate Professor Ara Sanjian, University of Michigan - Dearborn Professor Ronald G. Suny Professor Khachig Tölölyan, Wesleyan University ©Vahe Sahakyan 2015 To my parents ii Acknowledgments The completion of this project owes much to a large number of scholars, academics and intellectuals, friends and family members. My academic journey in diaspora studies began due to my training as a sociologist at Yerevan State University, Armenia. My sociological curiosity was quick to capture the significant differences in how Armenianness was experienced and expressed in the diaspora, when I first encountered third-fourth generation Armenian-Americans upon my arrival at the University of Michigan as a Junior Faculty Development Program visiting scholar in Fall 2004. This generous grant I was awarded by the US Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs provided me a possibility to spend a year at one of the leading American universities, where my interest in Armenian diasporic identities and institutions took shape. Frequent and often endless conversations with Kevork Bardakjian and Gerard Libaridian provided additional impetus to my curiosity. It was due to their continued encouragement and support that two years after returning to Armenia I finally decided to apply and was admitted to the Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • End the Cycle of Domestic Violence Pg 18 the Fairytale
    The Official Publication of the Armenian Youth Federation of Canada S p r i n g | Գ ա ր ո ւ ն | 2 0 1 4ardziv ՎԵՐԱԾՆՈՒՆԴ SUPPORT SYRIAN ARMENIANS We need your donation today in helping ensure@AYFCANADA the survival of Syria’s Armenians. www.supportsyrianarmenians.caFacebook.com/ayfcanada Ardziv is published by the Armenian Youth Federation of Canada and distributed free of charge within the community for those who strive for the national, social and economic liberation of the Armenian people. The opinions expressed in Ardziv are not solely and necessarily the opinions of the Armenian Youth Federation of Canada. Ardziv encourages all Armenian youth to express their thoughts freely in this publication. Financial contributions may be made to the following address: 45 Hallcrown Place North York, Ontario M2J 4Y4 Cheques should be made payable to “Ardziv Magazine” If you would like to contribute to Ardziv, please submit your articles to [email protected]. You can also submit your material directly on our website at www.ardziv.org/contribute Contributors Creative Director Managing Editors Serouj Aprahamian Lucy Dishoian Roubina Keushkerian Rupen Janbazian Garen Kazanc Rupen Janbazian Varak Babian VREJ, VREJ, VREJ Editorial Board Special thanks to Kamee Abrahamian Daron Halajian Hasmig Babian Alexandre Sismanian Choquet Karnig Hasserjian Lori Janbazian Sarkisian Mathieu Sismanian Choquet Hovig Tashjian Khajag Koulajian Nazeeg Haneshian Sarig Babian Cover: Artwork by Diane Babayan Lucy Dishoian PAGE PAGE EIGHT TWELVE PAGE PAGE TWENTY SIX PAGE FIFTEEN IN THIS ԲՈՎԱՆԴԱԿՈՒԹԻՒՆISSUE Editorial pg 4 Տեսակէտ - From Our Readers pg 5 Radical Roots: On the Origins of the ARF pg 6 Յուշամատեան - Houshamadyan pg 8 Approaching a Century: Interview with Aram Hamparian pg 12 I am a Survivor pg 14 Dreams of Kessab pg 15 Revisiting Krikor Zohrab’s Istanbul Home pg 16 End the Cycle of Domestic Violence pg 18 The Fairytale.
    [Show full text]
  • ANJ 1990V 16 Images
    Series I Volume XVI 1990 m ARMENIAN 'EPaifU'H'SIliillIj NUMISMATIC JOURNAL 1 CU3 ^>pul^u<)>hsuMu^ Ru^n>ku ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL Series I Vol. XVI liM CONTENTS Numismatic Literature for Armenia 1 UUP9«Ubinj, Zbijpb 4.. Z.aijaiumail.nLJ' oirLtuip ujaMa-riLf p-nriiupi^nuju^r ?)fiL'JUl^bl,pUlJnJUt^UJ'L 'LpLP'bp ...2 SARKISSIAN, Henry V. Philatelic Material Issued on the Occasion of Great Tragedy in Armenia [Summary] ,.4 SARYANf Levon A. Centennial Medallions of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation: 1890-1990 ..5 Armenian Numismatic Literature 10 Let's Spread the Word on Armenian Numismatics 12 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Yagharshapat Five Ruble Bank Note ,13 BEDOUKIAN, Paul Z. Some Curious Coins from Cilician Armenia 16 Armenian Numismatic Literature 20 Letters 22 ABGARIANS, Mesrop. Four Rare Artaxiad Copper Coins 22 KHORSHEV, Valery. Commemorative Coin Marks Armenian Earthquake .28 Armenian Numismatic Literature ,30 Numismatic Books Reach Yerevan .35 SARYAN Levon A. Ring in , Money Prehistoric Armenia .36 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Two Kedabek Bank Notes 44 Armenian Numismatic Literature .47 ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL is the quarterly publication of Armenian Numismatic Society, an educational, non-profit organization. Editor, Y T. Nercessian, 851 Beverly Park Place, Pico Rivera, California 90660-1920. U. S. A. Associate Editor, W. Gewenian, Corresponding Editors, Levon A. Sar/an (Greenfield. Wl) and Henry Sarkissian (Yerevan). Non-member subscriptions ( individuals and institutions) $ 1 0.00 per year. Back issues available. 1 Series I Volume XVI, No. 1 March 1990 m ARMENIAN TPaifll'Il’SlliillX NUMISMATIC mhW JOURNAL 1 fiU3 niPuiruiihsuMU^ fiu^n»tu ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL Series I vol.xvi.No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Armenians and Tsarist Russia (1870-1906)
    THE ARMENIANS AND TSARIST RUSSIA (1870-1906) A Master’s Thesis by ONUR ÖNOL Department of International Relations Bilkent University Ankara September 2009 To my family THE ARMENIANS AND TSARIST RUSSIA (1870-1906) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by ONUR ÖNOL In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BĐLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA September 2009 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------------- Professor Norman Stone Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------------- Dr. Hasan Ali Karasar Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. --------------------------------- Associate Prof. Jeremy Salt Examining Committee Member Approval of the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences --------------------------------- Prof. Dr. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT THE ARMENIANS AND TSARIST RUSSIA (1870-1906) Önol, Onur M.A., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Norman Stone September 2009 The Armenians of Tsarist Russia was in a promising situation with their immense impact on economic, cultural and political affairs of Transcaucasia until the last two decades of the 19th century, which saw major changes as regards to their position in the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Transnational Armenian Terrorism in the Twentieth Century
    Oleg Kuznetsov The History of Transnational Armenian Terrorism in the Twentieth Century A Historico-Criminological Study Verlag Dr. Koster Berlin Editor: Center for Strategic Studies under the President of Azerbaijan (SAM), Baku Reviewers: Akhmed Akhmedovich lskanderov D.Sc. (History), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Voprosy istorii (Moscow, Russia) Yuri Alexandrovich Pompeev D.Sc. (Cultural Studies), Professor at the Department of Cultural Economics, St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts (St. Petersburg, Russia) Ramiz Mamedali ogly Sevdamaliev D.Sc. (Political Science), Professor, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy and Law, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan) Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Oaten sind im Internet Uber http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Copyright 2016 0.Yu. Kuznetsov All rights reserved. No part ofthispublication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical orphotocopying, recording, or otherwise withoutprior permission in writingfrom thepublisher. Verlag Dr. Koster Friedrichstr. 95 10117 Berlin [email protected] www.verlag-koester.de ISBN 978 - 3 - 89574 - 915 - 5 CONTENTS TO MY FOREIGN READERS .......................................................................5 TO MY
    [Show full text]