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Indiren Turanlılar'a Açılmış Olu­ Yordu

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Indiren Turanlılar'a Açılmış Olu­ Yordu BELGE YAYINLARI : 196 Birinci Baskı: Kasun 1993 LES ARMENİENS - HiSTORİE D'UN GENOCİDE cEditions du Seuil, Paris 1977) I Dizgi: GÜL AJANS I Baskı: GÜL MATBAASI I Kapak Düzeni: Zehra Şenoğuz I Kapak Ba�kı: Orhan Ofset -BELGE ULUSLARARASI YAYINCILIK: Başmüsahip ·sokak Talas Han 16/302 Cağaloğlu -İSTANBUL Tel-Fax: 511 63 20 Yves Ternon ERMENİ TABUSU Türkçesi: Emirhan Oğuz İÇİNDEKİLER Türkçe Baskıya Önsöz ........................................................................7 Önsöz ................................................................................................... 9 Giriş ............... ; .................................................................................. 11 Birinci Bölüm / Ermeni Sorunu l.Ermenistan ...................................................................................... 21 2.0smanlı Boyunduruğu Altında Ermeniler ..................................... 37 Ekonomik ve Siyasal Zorbalık ........................................................... 38 Dinsel Özgürlük ................................................................................40 Kültürel Rönesans ...................................................................... : ..... .43 Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun Yapısı ........... ,...................................... .47 3.Ermeni Ulusal Uyanışı ................................................................. .49 Rus Ermenistan'ının Kuruluşu ..........................................................53 Katolik ve Protestan Cemaatlerinin Doğuşu .................................... 54 Ermeni Ulusal Anayasası .................................................................. 55 Ermeni Eyaletlerinde Durum ............................................................ 58 Zeytun (Süleymanlı) .........................................................................59 Van ve Erzurum ................................................................................61 4.61.Madde ........................................................................................ 65 Kıbrıs Sözleşmesi .............................................................................67 Berlin Kongresi ............ ..................................................................... 69 Bertin Kı:ıngresindeErmeni Sorunu................................................... 70 5.Kül Altında Yanan Ateş. .......................... ........ ,_ ............................ 75 Ermenilerin Yerleşik Olduğu Eyaletler ............................................ 7 6 Kürtler .............................................................................................. : 78 Çerkez Göçü ................................................ ,..................................... 80 1878'den 1881'e Türk Ermenistan'ında Durum .................................81 Büyük Devletlerin Ekonomiye Müdahalesi ......................................87 Harnidiye Alayları .............................................................................88 6.Ermeni Devrimci Hareketi ............................................................. 94 Armenakan Partisi ............................................................................. 95 Devrimci Hınçak Partisi .................................................................... 97 Rusya Ermenileri Arasında Devrimci Hareketler ............................. 99 Taşnak Partisi ..................................................................................100 Ermeni Sorumluluğu Tezi ...............................................................103 7.Sason ............................................................................................ f09 8.1895 Katliamları ..........................................................................115 Trabzon Vilayeti ..............................................................................118 Erzurum Vilayeti ............................................................................. 119 Bitlis Vilayeti .................................................................................. 120 Van Vilayeti .................................................................................... 121 Harput (Mamuret"ül Aziz) Vilayeti .................................................121 Diyarbakır Vilayeti ......................................................................... 123 Sivas Vilayeti .................................................................................... 125 Halep (Kilikya) Vilayeti ..................................................................126 Adana ve Ankara Vilayetleri (Kkilikya) ......................................... 128 Bir Soykırım ................................................................................... 129 9.1896 Yılı ...................................................................................... 137 Zeytun .............................................................................................. 138 Peder Salvatore'nin Öldürülmesi ..................................................... 139 Van Katliamları ............................................................................... 141 Osmanlı Bankası'naSaldırı ............................................................. 142 İstanbul Katliamları ......... ; ............................................................... 146 1894-1896 Katliamların Bilançosu ................................................. 149 Ermeni Yanlısı Hareketler .............................................................. 151 ��<l��:��..�:..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1�Z Devrimci Ermeni Federasyonu (FRA) ....... : .................................... 164 Rusya'daki Müslüman Milliyetçiler ve 1905 Devrimi .................... 167 Osmanlı Liberalleri ......................................................................... 170 İkinciBölüm I JÖN TÜRKLER ll .İttihad ve Terakki Komitesi ........................................................ 181 1908 Devrimi ................................................................................... 182 İttihad'ın Merkez Komitesi .............................................................. 184 İttihad Kongreleri ............................................................................ 187 Osmanlı Siyasal Yaşamına Türkçülüğün Girişi ............................ 191 12. Ermeni Sorununun Yeniden Ortaya Çıkışı ..............................203 Kilikya Katliamları .........................................................................205 Eyaletlerde Durum ..........................................................................210 Ermenilerin Hamisi Rus İmparatorluğu ..........................................215 1 3.Kapan Kapanıyor ......................, ................................................225 Türkiye'nin Savaşa Girişi ...............................................................225 Erzurum Kongresi ...........................................................................23<T Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa ........................................, ................................234 Rusya'da Ermeni Gönüllüleri ..........................................................236 Sarıkamış Felaketi ............................................................... : ...........238 Ermeni Vilayetlerinde Durum (Kasım 1914-Mart 1915) ............... 241 14.Genel İmha Planı .. ...·. ... .. .....................� ....... .. ...- ........................25 1 15.1915 Nisanı ................................................................................ 263 Amanos ve Toros Bölgesi ..........................................: ....................263 · Van Savunması ...............................................................................267 İstanbul ............................................................................................27 1 16.Sürgiin ........................................................................................276 Doğu Vilayetleri ..............................................................................276 Anadolu, Kilikya ve Suriye Vilayetleri ...........................................292 17.Ölüm Kampları ..........................................................................305 Halep .......................................................................................; ...... .305 Suriye ve Mezopotamya Çölleri ......................................................31 0 18.Suç ve Sorumluluk .............................................., ......................31 9 Almanya'mı;ı Rolü ........................................................................... 320 Türk Diplomasisi ve Ermeni Sorunu (1915-1916) ..........................326 . Antant Devletlerinin Sorumluluğu ..................................................336 ............................. ...................... ........... .................................. Sınır . 347 TÜRKÇEBASKIYA ÖNSÖZ Türk ulusal kimliğiniı'\ oluşumunda Ermeni soykırımının, ve · bunun yolaçtığı tabunun çok derin izleri olmuştur. &meni soykırımı Balkanlarda başlayan sancılı uluslaşma ve ulusal devletler oluşturma sürecinin son noktasını trajik biçimde koydu . Çqk. uluslu Osmanlı bütünlüğü, kanlı etnik ve dinsel bo- ğazlaşmalar içinde, yeni bir proje üretemeden dağıldı gitti. Osmanlı egemenlik sistemi, varlığını halklar arası çelişkileri kışkırtarak sürdürmeye çalıştı. Daima reformlardan sözetti, ama hiç bir adım atmadan uzun bir çürüme süreci yaşadı. Balkan savaşları sırasında başlayan etnik arındırmalai:la ulusal devletler inşa etme sürecine, Osmanlı devletinin ve yükselmekte olan. İttihatmilliyetçiliğinin
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