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Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary -
List of the Armenian Delegation Participating in the 14Th EU-Armenia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee Meeting
List of the Armenian Delegation participating in the 14th EU-Armenia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee meeting 5-6 February 2014 Strasbourg MEMBERS Last Name First Name Factions Mr Samvel FARMANYAN "Republican" (RPA) (Head) Mr Vahram BAGHDASARYAN "Republican" (RPA) Mr Karen BOTOYAN "Rule of Law" Mr Stepan MARGARYAN "Prosperous Armenia" Mr Edmon MARUKYAN Not included Mr Nikol PASHINYAN "Armenian National Congress" Mr Tevan POGHOSYAN "Heritage" Mr Aghvan VARDANYAN "Armenian Revolutionary Federation" Mrs Margarit YESAYAN "Republican" (RPA) Secretariat Mrs Arpi ARAKELIAN __________________ 21 January 2014/fc Samvel Farmanyan District 002 Birth date 17.02.1978 Party "Republican Party of Armenia" /RPA/ Factions 31.05.2012 "Republican" (RPA) Faction Committee 11.06.2012 Foreign Relations E-mail [email protected] Born on February 17, 1978 in the village of Spandaryan (Shirak province.) 1999 - Graduated from the faculty of History of the Yerevan State University. 2001 - Master’s Degree of the YSU Faculty of History. 2003 - Graduated from Lund University (Sweden) with a Master's Degree. Master of Arts. Historian. 2004 - Master’s Degree of the YSU Chair of Ethnography. Ph.D. in history. Since 2011 - Teaching in the History Department of Yerevan State University. 2003 - 2005 - Coordinator of the programs of “Civil Society ” and “Mass Media” in the Armenian branch of the “Assistance Fund of the Institute of Open Society.” 2005 - 2006 - Adviser to the President of the National Assembly related to foreign policy and external relations. April 2008 - Appointed as an assistant to the President of the Republic of Armenia. May 2008 - Press Secretary to the President of the Republic of Armenia. 2010 - 2012 - Director of information and analytical programs of the Public Television and the Public Radio Company of the Republic of Armenia. -
Houri Berberian. in Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian and Ottoman Worlds
Houri Berberian. In Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian and Ottoman Worlds. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2019. Pp. 320. Paper. $34.95. Middle East historian and Chair of Armenian Studies at the University of California, Irvine, Professor Berberian uses a transnational approach to examine the Russian Revolution (1905), the Iranian Revolution (1908) and the Ottoman (Young Turk) Revolution (1905-11), and focuses on the role of Armenian revolutionaries in connecting these revolutionary upheavals and histories. Berberian shows how Armenians simultaneously participated in all three revolutions due to its geographical location perched between Russia, Iran and Ottoman Anatolia. Specifically, she shows how Armenian intellectuals and revolutionaries utilized modern technology to facilitate the spread of information, revolutionary literature, ideologies, and weapons within the empires, while revolutionizing their own ethnic community. Moreover, these revolutionaries were linked to a global network of Armenian diaspora, using steam ships, telegraphs and an increased access to printing technology, which profoundly contributed to the movements and migration of revolutionaries in Iran, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Berberian first isolates the revolutions as separate entities then connects them through Armenian revolutionaries and intellectuals. She shows how these uprisings were connected through the systemic circulation of ideologies, Armenian activities, objects, arms, and print. In the early twentieth century, Armenians were a small minority population within all three empires, yet their political impact was profound. Global philosophies and ideologies of the nineteenth century, such as liberalism and socialism, were reaching the Middle East and the Southern Caucasus. Berberian argues Armenians were at the forefront of these new ideologies, which allowed a modern revolutionary movement of their own. -
Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans
Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs ISSN: 1360-2004 (Print) 1469-9591 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjmm20 Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans Brad Dennis To cite this article: Brad Dennis (2019): Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 Published online: 14 Aug 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 11 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cjmm20 Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans BRAD DENNIS Abstract Armenian liberationists and revolutionaries since the end of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1878 looked to the Balkan model of political autonomy and independence as inspiration for crafting a liberation strategy for the Armenians in Eastern Anato- lia. In spite of the fact that more pragmatic revolutionaries attempted to convince the Armenian community that the Balkan model would not work for the Armenians because of demographic and geopolitical differences, the Armenian struggle for inde- pendence from the Ottoman Empire was waged in a way that was similar to the Balkan model. There is strong reason to believe that if the Armenians had had stron- ger British and Russian backing and constituted a slightly higher percentage of the population in the region of Eastern Anatolia that an independent Armenia would have emerged in Eastern Anatolia and Cilicia much in the same manner that an independent Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro emerged in the Balkans. -
The Foundation of the Armenian
THE FOUNDATION OF THE ARMENIAN REVOLUTIONARY FEDERATION AND ITS ACTIVITIES IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN VIEW OF RUSSIAN ARCHIVAL SOURCES (1890-1915)* (RUS ARŞİV BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA ERMENİ DEVRİMCİ FEDERASYONUNUN KURULUŞU VE OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU’NDAKİ FAALİYETLERİ (1890-1915)) Olga BYKOVA HERGÜL PhD Candidate, Ural State University (Ural Federal University - UrFU) Abstract: Established in 1890, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF - Dasnaktsutyun) is a prominent Armenian nationalist organization that sought to attain an independent Armenia. Like other Armenian nationalist organizations, the ARF engaged in propaganda and agitation to draw the world’s attention towards the Armenian Question. However, ARF was set apart from other Armenian nationalist organizations by its radical mentality and scale of its aggressive acts. In this context, the organization resorted to actions that can be described as terrorism. When examined, Russian archival documents belonging to the years 1890-1915 demonstrate that ARF was heavily involved in forming armed groups for inciting rebellions in the Ottoman Empire. When the First World War began, the ARF decided to side with the Russian Empire to the detriment of the Ottoman Empire. Eventually, the organization’s activities and the agitation of the Ottoman Armenians came to represent a serious security threat to the Ottoman Empire. This would eventually lead the Ottoman government to take the radical decision to relocate Ottoman Armenians away from sensitive areas to other parts of the Empire. This article demonstrates that, with the help of Russian archival sources, the ARF’s actions had dire consequences for both Ottoman Armenians and Muslims. According to the article, it can be argued that the unbalanced and adventuristic methods of ARF damaged the Armenians more than anyone else did. -
THE GREAT WAR and the TRAGEDY of ANATOLIA ATATURK SUPREME COUNCIL for CULTURE, LANGUAGE and HISTORY PUBLICATIONS of TURKISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY Serial XVI - No
THE GREAT WAR AND THE TRAGEDY OF ANATOLIA ATATURK SUPREME COUNCIL FOR CULTURE, LANGUAGE AND HISTORY PUBLICATIONS OF TURKISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY Serial XVI - No. 88 THE GREAT WAR AND THE TRAGEDY OF ANATOLIA (TURKS AND ARMENIANS IN THE MAELSTROM OF MAJOR POWERS) SALAHi SONYEL TURKISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY PRINTING HOUSE - ANKARA 2000 CONTENTS Sonyel, Salahi Abbreviations....................................................................................................................... VII The great war and the tragedy of Anatolia (Turks and Note on the Turkish Alphabet and Names.................................................................. VIII Armenians in the maelstrom of major powers) / Salahi Son Preface.................................................................................................................................... IX yel.- Ankara: Turkish Historical Society, 2000. x, 221s.; 24cm.~( Atattirk Supreme Council for Culture, Introduction.............................................................................................................................1 Language and History Publications of Turkish Historical Chapter 1 - Genesis of the 'Eastern Q uestion'................................................................ 14 Society; Serial VII - No. 189) Turco- Russian war of 1877-78......................................................................... 14 Bibliyografya ve indeks var. The Congress of B erlin....................................................................................... 17 ISBN 975 - 16 -
The Armenians from Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars
The Armenians From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars RAZMIK PANOSSIAN HURST & COMPANY, LONDON THE ARMENIANS To my parents Stephan and Sona Panossian RAZMIK PANOSSIAN The Armenians From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars HURST & COMPANY,LONDON First published in the United Kingdom by C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 41 Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3PL Copyright © by Razmik Panossian, 2006 All rights reserved. Printed in India The right of Razmik Panossian to be identified as the author of this volume has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyight, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. A catalogue record for this volume is available from the British Library. ISBNs 1-85065-644-4 casebound 1-85065-788-2 paperback ‘The life of a nation is a sea, and those who look at it from the shore cannot know its depths.’—Armenian proverb ‘The man who finds his homeland sweet is still a tender beginner; he to whom every soil is as his native one is already strong; but he is perfect to whom the entire world is as a foreign land. The tender soul has fixed his love on one spot in the world; the strong man has extended his love to all places; the perfect man has extinguished his.’—Hugo of St Victor (monk from Saxony,12th century) The proverb is from Mary Matossian, The Impact of Soviet Policies in Armenia. Hugo of St Victor is cited in Edward Said, ‘Reflections on Exile’, Granta, no. 13. CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements page xi 1. Introduction 1 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 5 A brief overview: going beyond dichotomies 6 Questionable assumptions: homogenisation and the role of the state 10 The Armenian view 12 Defining the nation 18 — The importance of subjectivity 20 — The importance of modernity 24 — The characteristics of nations 28 2. -
Ethnic Cleansing and Massacres of the Ottoman
The Nation-Building Process in the Balkans: Ethnic Cleansing and Massacres of the Ottoman Muslim and Turkish Population (1912-1913) Le processus de construction de la nation dans les Balkans: nettoyage ethnique et massacre des musulmans ottomans et turcs (1912-1913) Conference organized by the Collège Belgique (Académie Royale de Belgique) and the University of Utah Mars-March 24-25, 2016 Bruxelles-Brussels (Belgique-Belgium) A. Argumentaire en français : Le processus de construction de la nation dans les Balkans : nettoyage ethnique et massacre des musulmans ottomans et turcs (1912-1913) Dans le contexte de la désintégration de l’Empire Ottoman et de l’émergence du nouveau système étatique balkanique, la guerre a joué un rôle dans les processus de construction des nations et des états. Le système étatique balkanique a été créé pour résoudre la question d’Orient, et les états concernés ont fini par devenir des états-nations homogènes suite à une série de guerres qui atteignirent leur apogée lors de ce que l’on a appelé les guerres balkaniques (1912-1913). Ce fut la première guerre totale dans les Balkans, si l’on considère que les frontières entre le front de bataille et le front intérieur ont été supprimées au moyen d’une attaque systématique de certains groupes identitaires. On peut d’ailleurs considérer que, pour l’état ottoman, la première guerre mondiale a commencé en 1912 car le ton était donné et le schéma établi pour la première guerre mondiale. Qui plus est, les pères fondateurs de l’actuelle république de Turquie sont tous originaires des Balkans. -
Conference on Co-Sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced
NUMBER 107 NATIONALISHE ET SOCIALIS:tv1E DAt"'S LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN: 1887-1912 .. ANAHIDE TER MINASSIAN UNIVERSITE' DE PARIS I Conference on "NATIONALISM AND SOCIAL CHAt"'GE IN TRAt"'SCAUCASIA" Co-sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, The Wilson Center and American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies April 24-25, 1980 1 • NATIONALISME ET SOCIALISME DANS LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN (1887- 1912) Le nationalisms armenian a, au 19e siecle, une his toire pluriseculaire, si l'on admet que la conscience na tionale identifiee ~ la conscience religieuse et culturelle a survecu ~ la disparition des principautes et royaumes ar meniens (1). Nationalisms d'une minorite placee aux confins d'empires multinationaux et dispersee en colonies lointai nes, le nationalisms armenien dont les expressions ont varie selon les classes sociales (clercs, nobles, marchands, intellectuals, paysans) et selon leurs caracteristiques cul turelles (2)' a ete d'abord nostalgia des origines et lucidi te d'exister. Sous l'influence des Revolutions frangaises et europeennes, et des insurrections balkaniques, la pensee politique armenienne -celle des intellectuals formes au con tact de l'Occident- se modernise. L'idee de Nation, l'idee de Peuple, avec ses exigences centripetes, emerge lentement de l 1 idee de communaute religieuse que perpetuent, cependant jusqu'au 20e siecle, le systeme des millets dans l'Empire Ottoman et le Pologenie dans l'Empire russe (3). Trouvant son propre elan chez les Armenians de Tur quie ou de Madras (4), le nationalisms n'est pas une doc trine propre aux Armenians caucasiens. Mais ceux-ci lui conferent des traits originaux. -
Report on the Findings About Translations from Armenian to Swedish
Translations from Armenian into English, 1991 to date a study by Next Page Foundation in the framework of the Book Platform project conducted by Khachik Grigoryan1 September 2012 1 Khachik Grigoryan is a publisher. This text is licensed under Creative Commons Translations from Armenian into English, 1991 to date Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 "Golden age" of Armenian literature ............................................................................................ 2 Further development of Armenian literature ............................................................................ 3 A historical overview of translations from Armenian ............................................................... 4 Modern Armenian literature .......................................................................................................... 7 Translations into English during Soviet period (1920-1991) .................................................... 8 Armenian literature after the Karabagh movement and Independence 1988- .................... 9 Armenian translations in the UK market ..................................................................................... 9 Structure of translated books from Armenian into English .................................................... 12 Policy and support for translations ............................................................................................ 13 -
Area Studies
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 091 303 SO 007 520 AUTHOR Stone, Frank A. TITLE Armenian Studies for Secondary Students, A Curriculum Guide. INSTITUTION Connecticut Univ., Storrs. World Education Project. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 55p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3 15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibographies; *Area Studies; Cultural Pluralism; *Culture; *Ethnic Studies; Evaluation; *Humanities; Immigrants; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; *Middle Eastern Studies; Minority Groups; Questioning Techniques; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS Armenians; *World Education Project ABSTRACT The guide outlines a two to six week course of study on Armenian history and culture for secondary level students. The unit will help students develop an understanding of the following: culture of the American citizens of Armenian origin; key events and major trends in Armenian history; Armenian architecture, folklore, literature and music as vehicles of culture; and characteristics of Armenian educational, political and religious institutions. Teaching strategies suggested include the use of print and non-print materials, questioning techniques, classroom discussion, art activities, field traps, and classroom visits by Armenian-Americans. The guide consists c)i the following seven units:(1) The Armenians in North America; (2) sk.,,tches of Armenian History;(3) Armenian Mythology; (4) lic)ices of Fiction and Poetry;(5) Armenian Christianity; (e) Armenian Fine Arts; and (7)Armenian Political Aims. InstrLF-ional and resource materials, background sources, teaching s...7atc,c !s, and questions to stimulate classroom discussion are prove.': :'fc,r each unit. (Author/RM) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NO1 NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFF ICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY ARMENIAN STUDIES FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS P% A Curriculum Guide Prepared by Frank A. -
Droshak Newspaper a Newspaper That Openly Supported Terrorism
DROSHAK NEWSPAPER: A NEWSPAPER THAT OPENLY SUPPORTED TERRORISM (DROŞAK GAZETESİ: AÇIK AÇIK TERÖRİZMİ SAVUNAN BİR ORGAN) Prof. Dr. Jean-Louis MATTEI Historian Abstract: In this article, the author studies one of the issues of the Droshak newspaper published in January 1897. Droshak (Flag) was the official news organ of the ARF (Armenian Revolutionary Federation) or Dashnaktsutyun. This issue, in particular, mentions the Van Revolt of 1896. The issue also talks about the death of the revolutionary Bedo, who fell during the clashes. Bedo is portrayed as the “Protective Angel of the Armenians” and in the newspaper, Armenians are often called upon to exact their revenge. In fact the, Van Problem was to continue in the following years. For this reason, the Van Committee Members Aram Manukyan and Ishan were to give weapons to the Armenians and kill all of their opponents. Through such violent means, they prepared the 1915 Van Revolt. So, the Armenian thesis pretending that the revolt happened by itself is rebutted. The part of the newspaper that tells how the Priest Komitas was killed by a terrorist from Dashnaktsutiun openly shows that the Armenian terrorism was fırst of all directed against the other Armenians who refused to co-operate with the Committees. After comparing different documents, the author speaks of the efforts made by Avetis Aharonian and Kristapor Mikaelian for promoting the Droshak on the international arena. In the future, Droshak was to give birth to the French Pro Armenia that concealed its terrorist mindset, and became a tool in the hands of the Dashnaktsutyun Members. Keywords: Droshak newspaper, 1896 Van Revolt, 1915 Van Revolt, Pro Armenia newspaper.