Samuel A. Weems ARMENIA SECRETS OF
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Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary -
Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ―Sabiha Gökçen‘s 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation Formation and the Ottoman Armenians A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Fatma Ulgen Committee in charge: Professor Robert Horwitz, Chair Professor Ivan Evans Professor Gary Fields Professor Daniel Hallin Professor Hasan Kayalı Copyright Fatma Ulgen, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Fatma Ulgen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION For my mother and father, without whom there would be no life, no love, no light, and for Hrant Dink (15 September 1954 - 19 January 2007 iv EPIGRAPH ―In the summertime, we would go on the roof…Sit there and look at the stars…You could reach the stars there…Over here, you can‘t.‖ Haydanus Peterson, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, reminiscing about the old country [Moush, Turkey] in Fresno, California 72 years later. Courtesy of the Zoryan Institute Oral History Archive v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page…………………………………………………………….... -
Speaking to One Another: Personal Memories of the Past in Armenia and Turkey
Speaking to One Another: Personal Memories of the Past in Armenia and Turkey Wish they hadn’t left L E Y L A N EYZİ Whom to forgive? What to forgive? H R A N U S H K HARATYAN- A RAQELYAN Published by: Institut für Internationale Zusammenarbeit Des Deutschen Volkshochschul-Verbandes (dvv international) ISBN 978-3-88513-780-1 Project coordinators: Matthias Klingenberg, Vanya Ivanova, Nazaret Nazaretyan Editor (Turkey section): Liz Erçevik Amado Editor (Armenia section): Nouneh Dilanyan Translator from Armenian to English: Samvel Simonyan Design & Layout: Maraton Dizgievi Cover photo: © Parajanov Museum Yerevan Photographs (Turkey section): © Sibel Maksudyan Print: MAS Matbaacılık A.Ş. Hamidiye Mahallesi, Soğuksu Caddesi, No: 3 Kağıthane-İstanbul-Türkiye +90 212 294 10 00 • [email protected] Opinions expressed in papers published under the names of individual authors do not necessarily reflect those of the Pub- lisher and editors. This publication, or parts of it, may be reproduced provided the source is duly cited. The Publisher asks to be furnished with copies of any such reproductions. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. © 2010 dvv international dvv international Obere Wilhelmstraße 32 – 53225 Bonn Federal Republic of Germany Tel: +49/228-975 69-0 Fax: +49/228-975 69-55 [email protected] www.dvv-international.de For further -
Houri Berberian. in Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian and Ottoman Worlds
Houri Berberian. In Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian and Ottoman Worlds. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2019. Pp. 320. Paper. $34.95. Middle East historian and Chair of Armenian Studies at the University of California, Irvine, Professor Berberian uses a transnational approach to examine the Russian Revolution (1905), the Iranian Revolution (1908) and the Ottoman (Young Turk) Revolution (1905-11), and focuses on the role of Armenian revolutionaries in connecting these revolutionary upheavals and histories. Berberian shows how Armenians simultaneously participated in all three revolutions due to its geographical location perched between Russia, Iran and Ottoman Anatolia. Specifically, she shows how Armenian intellectuals and revolutionaries utilized modern technology to facilitate the spread of information, revolutionary literature, ideologies, and weapons within the empires, while revolutionizing their own ethnic community. Moreover, these revolutionaries were linked to a global network of Armenian diaspora, using steam ships, telegraphs and an increased access to printing technology, which profoundly contributed to the movements and migration of revolutionaries in Iran, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Berberian first isolates the revolutions as separate entities then connects them through Armenian revolutionaries and intellectuals. She shows how these uprisings were connected through the systemic circulation of ideologies, Armenian activities, objects, arms, and print. In the early twentieth century, Armenians were a small minority population within all three empires, yet their political impact was profound. Global philosophies and ideologies of the nineteenth century, such as liberalism and socialism, were reaching the Middle East and the Southern Caucasus. Berberian argues Armenians were at the forefront of these new ideologies, which allowed a modern revolutionary movement of their own. -
Armenian Terrorism: a Reappraisal
Gunter 5/13/09 6:51 PM Page 109 The Journal of Conflict Studies Armenian Terrorism: A Reappraisal by Michael M. Gunter ABSTRACT This article reappraises the strategic impact of Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century. From 1973 to 1985, Armenian terrorists earned a deadly and infamous international reputation by murdering Turkish diplomats or members of their families, along with many other non-involved third parties killed in the crossfire, during 188 terrorist operations worldwide. By the mid-1980s, however, Armenian terrorists had fallen into mindless but deadly internal fighting that resulted in the deaths of several of their leading mem- bers. Yet even with the benefit of 20 years of hindsight, it remains dif- ficult to assess definitively the strategic influence exerted by Armenian terrorism. It was an excellent example of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter. In seek- ing revenge for past perceived wrongs and in pursuit of the goal of an independent state, Armenian terrorism also shared common characteristics with such other ethnic-based terrorist movements as the Irish and Palestinians. Although by practically all conventional standards of measurement its ultimate strategic impact was virtually nil, some might still argue that Armenian terrorism did help preserve the memory of what many call the twentieth-century’s first or forgot- ten genocide. INTRODUCTION Tacitly supported by many Armenians and others throughout the world as legitimate revenge for what most observers viewed as genocide1 in the First World War, Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century was an excellent exam- ple of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter. -
Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans
Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs ISSN: 1360-2004 (Print) 1469-9591 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjmm20 Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans Brad Dennis To cite this article: Brad Dennis (2019): Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 Published online: 14 Aug 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 11 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cjmm20 Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans BRAD DENNIS Abstract Armenian liberationists and revolutionaries since the end of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1878 looked to the Balkan model of political autonomy and independence as inspiration for crafting a liberation strategy for the Armenians in Eastern Anato- lia. In spite of the fact that more pragmatic revolutionaries attempted to convince the Armenian community that the Balkan model would not work for the Armenians because of demographic and geopolitical differences, the Armenian struggle for inde- pendence from the Ottoman Empire was waged in a way that was similar to the Balkan model. There is strong reason to believe that if the Armenians had had stron- ger British and Russian backing and constituted a slightly higher percentage of the population in the region of Eastern Anatolia that an independent Armenia would have emerged in Eastern Anatolia and Cilicia much in the same manner that an independent Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro emerged in the Balkans. -
Hayastan All-Armenian Fund's Annual Telethon Raises $11,109,633
DECEMBER 1, 2018 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXIX, NO. 20, Issue 4564 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF No Armenians injured In Aleppo gas attack ALEPPO (Panorama) — No Armenians suffered as a result of an attack at a distance of 3 kilometers from the Armenian Consulate General in Aleppo on Sunday, November 25, the Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a Twitter post. More than 100 people were taken to hospitals in Aleppo, Syria’s largest city, after a suspected poi- son gas attack over the weekend, according to Syrian state media and a British-based human Volunteers and presenters, including Artsakh President Bako Sahakyan and Primate Parkev Martirossyan, at the annual telethon rights group. Around 100 people were injured in toxic gas attack on the government-controlled city of Aleppo Saturday, according to Syrian state media and a Hayastan All-Armenian Fund’s Annual British-based human rights group. Russia has carried out air strikes against Syrian rebels it accuses of launching a chemical attack on the government-held city of Aleppo, the BBC Telethon Raises $11,109,633 reports. LOS ANGELES — In an annual telethon the importance of its projects implemented the fund on November 22. In May, Argentina Armenians broadcast from Los Angeles, Hayastan All- in Armenia and Karabakh. Sarkissian had promised to donate his one Armenian Fund raised more than $11 mil- “The money [to be raised in this year’s salary to the fund. He signed a doc- Organize Protest lion that will mostly be spent on its ongo- telethon] will be spent on the improvement ument on donating half of his annual ing infrastructure projects in Nagorno- of the important infrastructures and devel- salary, which is 5,753,496 drams ($11,870). -
PROSPECTS for TURKISH-ARMENIAN RELATIONS Proceedings of the Symposium Organized by AVİM on 30 April 2015
AVİM Conference Book 15 PROSPECTS FOR TURKISH-ARMENIAN RELATIONS Proceedings of the Symposium Organized by AVİM on 30 April 2015 April 2015 PROSPECTS FOR TURKISH-ARMENIAN RELATIONS AVİM (Center for Eurasian Studies) Conference Book No: 15 April 2015 Ankara AVİM CONFERENCE BOOK No: 15 EDITOR Turgut Kerem Tuncel TRANSCRIPTION Cemre Dilay Boztepe Hazel Çağan Miguel Moreno Ali Murat Taşkent Mehmet Oğuzhan Tulun PHOTOGRAPHS Hazel Çağan Design Ruhi Alagöz PUBLICATION DATE July 2015 PRINTING Özyurt Matbaacılık Büyük San. 1. Cad. Süzgün Sok. No: 7 İskitler / ANKARA Tel: 0 312 384 15 36 - Faks: 0 312 384 15 37 Copyright © AVİM (Center for Eurasian Studies) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. To get your own copy of this or any of AVİM publications please visit http://www.avim.org.tr/ Contents Foreword...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 OPENING SPEECH Ambassador (R) Alev KILIÇ.................................................................................................................................................6 PANEL I - CURRENT STATE OF TURKISH-ARMENIAN RELATIONS The Pain Favored Forever: The Young Turks and the End of the -
Conference on Co-Sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced
NUMBER 107 NATIONALISHE ET SOCIALIS:tv1E DAt"'S LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN: 1887-1912 .. ANAHIDE TER MINASSIAN UNIVERSITE' DE PARIS I Conference on "NATIONALISM AND SOCIAL CHAt"'GE IN TRAt"'SCAUCASIA" Co-sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, The Wilson Center and American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies April 24-25, 1980 1 • NATIONALISME ET SOCIALISME DANS LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN (1887- 1912) Le nationalisms armenian a, au 19e siecle, une his toire pluriseculaire, si l'on admet que la conscience na tionale identifiee ~ la conscience religieuse et culturelle a survecu ~ la disparition des principautes et royaumes ar meniens (1). Nationalisms d'une minorite placee aux confins d'empires multinationaux et dispersee en colonies lointai nes, le nationalisms armenien dont les expressions ont varie selon les classes sociales (clercs, nobles, marchands, intellectuals, paysans) et selon leurs caracteristiques cul turelles (2)' a ete d'abord nostalgia des origines et lucidi te d'exister. Sous l'influence des Revolutions frangaises et europeennes, et des insurrections balkaniques, la pensee politique armenienne -celle des intellectuals formes au con tact de l'Occident- se modernise. L'idee de Nation, l'idee de Peuple, avec ses exigences centripetes, emerge lentement de l 1 idee de communaute religieuse que perpetuent, cependant jusqu'au 20e siecle, le systeme des millets dans l'Empire Ottoman et le Pologenie dans l'Empire russe (3). Trouvant son propre elan chez les Armenians de Tur quie ou de Madras (4), le nationalisms n'est pas une doc trine propre aux Armenians caucasiens. Mais ceux-ci lui conferent des traits originaux. -
Area Studies
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 091 303 SO 007 520 AUTHOR Stone, Frank A. TITLE Armenian Studies for Secondary Students, A Curriculum Guide. INSTITUTION Connecticut Univ., Storrs. World Education Project. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 55p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3 15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibographies; *Area Studies; Cultural Pluralism; *Culture; *Ethnic Studies; Evaluation; *Humanities; Immigrants; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; *Middle Eastern Studies; Minority Groups; Questioning Techniques; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS Armenians; *World Education Project ABSTRACT The guide outlines a two to six week course of study on Armenian history and culture for secondary level students. The unit will help students develop an understanding of the following: culture of the American citizens of Armenian origin; key events and major trends in Armenian history; Armenian architecture, folklore, literature and music as vehicles of culture; and characteristics of Armenian educational, political and religious institutions. Teaching strategies suggested include the use of print and non-print materials, questioning techniques, classroom discussion, art activities, field traps, and classroom visits by Armenian-Americans. The guide consists c)i the following seven units:(1) The Armenians in North America; (2) sk.,,tches of Armenian History;(3) Armenian Mythology; (4) lic)ices of Fiction and Poetry;(5) Armenian Christianity; (e) Armenian Fine Arts; and (7)Armenian Political Aims. InstrLF-ional and resource materials, background sources, teaching s...7atc,c !s, and questions to stimulate classroom discussion are prove.': :'fc,r each unit. (Author/RM) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NO1 NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFF ICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY ARMENIAN STUDIES FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS P% A Curriculum Guide Prepared by Frank A. -
Merenics Éva / Éva Merenics Individuality, Collectivity, Locality
Merenics Éva / Éva Merenics Individuality, Collectivity, Locality and Transnationality in Armenian Genocide Processing Institute of International Relations /Nemzetközi Kapcsolatok Intézet Témavezet ő / Supervisor: Dr. Habil. Kardosné Kaponyi Erzsébet, egyetemi tanár / Dr. Habil. Elisabeth Kardos Kaponyi, university professor © Merenics Éva / Éva Merenics 2 Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem /Corvinus University of Budapest Nemzetközi Kapcsolatok Multidiszciplináris Doktori Iskola / International Relations Multidisciplinary Doctoral School INDIVIDUALITY, COLLECTIVITY, LOCALITY AND TRANSNATIONALITY IN ARMENIAN GENOCIDE PROCESSING Doktori értekezés / Doctoral dissertation Szerz ő / Author: Merenics Éva / Éva Merenics Anyanyelvi lektor/Proofreader: Frank Thomas Zsigo Ph.D. Budapest, 2015. 3 The research for the present dissertation between 2009 and 2011 was conducted within the frameworks of the Visegrad Scholarship Program in two institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia: In the Museum-Institute of the Armenian Genocide in the academic year of 2009-2010 under the supervision of Hayk Demoyan D. Sc. (director) In the Institute of History in the academic year of 2010-2011 under the supervision of Armen Maruqyan C. Sc. (senior researcher, present head of the Department of Armenian Cause and Armenian Genocide) 4 Table of Contents List of Charts.....................................................................................................................6 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................7 -
Cycles of Terrorism: a Question of Contemporary Counterterror and Harrassment Against the Armenians
Journal of Political Science Volume 14 Number 1 Article 7 November 1986 Cycles of Terrorism: A Question of Contemporary Counterterror and Harrassment Against the Armenians Michael Gunter Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Gunter, Michael (1986) "Cycles of Terrorism: A Question of Contemporary Counterterror and Harrassment Against the Armenians," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 14 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol14/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cycles of Terrorism: The Question of Contemporary Turkish Counterterror and Harassment Against The Armenians* MICHAEL M. GUNTER Tennessee Technological University Contemporary Armenian terrorism against the Turks' has inevitably given rise to speculation concerning possible Turkish reprisals in the form of counterterror or harassment. The purpose of the following article is to analyze this situation. Counterterror?-In 1983, the Turkish Foreign Minister Ilter Turkmen declared in an interview that: "it should be remembered that terror in evitably leads to counterterror. " 2 After the bloody A SALA attack on the Ankara airport that summer and the murder of another Turkish diplomat in Canada, the Turkish President, Kenan Evren, bluntly declared: "The Turkish nation is patient. But there is a limit to patience ... From now on, the Turkish state, the Turkish nation will feel free to take retaliatory measures.