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Armenian Genocide دادگاه سوغومون تهلیریان

Trial of

Soghomon Tehlirian

ترجمه ، تالیف ، سخن آغاز و پیشگفتار

By: Ed. Baghdasarian دکترادیک باغداساریان .Ed. Germanic) Ph.D) )ا. گرمانیک((

Ottawa-Canada 2005 اتاوا – کانادا 4831

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R Edic Baghdasarian (Ed. Germanic) M

E N I

Էդիկ Բաղդասարյան A

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Հայոց զինյալ պայքարը և հայկական բանակը A պատմության ընթացքում R

(Սկզբից մինչև մեր օրերը) M Monument dedicated to the Battle of Sardarapat, Armenia

Մեկ հատորով Y (Անգլերեն) A Military History of the Armenian People and the Armed Forces

From Old Times to Present Days (in Armenian)

One-Volume Edition Summary of Three-Volume Set

Toronto-Canada One

Edic Baghdasarian 2019 Էդիկ Բաղդասարյան

Volume www.Edic-Baghdasarian.com Armenian Research Center Edition ISBN: 978-1-927860-65-6

Edic Baghdasarian 1 Military History of Armenia

Edic Baghdasarian (Ed. Germanic)

A Military History of the Armenian People and the Armed Forces

From Old Times to Present Days

In One Volume

Toronto-Canada

ISBN: 978-1-927860-65-6

2019 Edic Baghdasarian Էդիկ Բաղդասարյան www.Edic-Baghdasarian.com

Edic Baghdasarian 3 Military History of Armenia

The Author dedecates this book to the glorious memory of the heroes of the Armenian armed forces fallen during the four-day battle of April 2016

Kyaram Sloyan

Armeniak Urfanian Karen Nersisian

Sasun Mkrdchian

Edic Baghdasarian 5 Military History of Armenia

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ...... 5 Preface ...... 9 A brief history of Armenia and military struggle for existence ...... 13 Map of Armenia (through the centuries) ...... 13 Armenian Highland ...... 13 Provinces of Ancient Armenia ...... 20 Administrative division of Armenia ...... 22 Armenian population ...... 61 Armenian Settlements in Ottoman Empire in 1914 Genocide ...... 66 Falsification of the Armenian geographical names ...... 76 Armenia in the ancient geographical sources ...... 79 Ancient Armenia ...... 92 Ancient mentions about Armenia and the Armenians ...... 96 The First Armenian state: Aratta ...... 99 Armed Forces of the Hittite State ...... 101 Armed Forces of the Mitanni state ...... 102 The armed forces of the Hayasa-Azzi ...... 103 Armed Forces of Nairi State ...... 105 Tribal union of Uruatri-Nairi ...... 106 Kingdom of Van, Araratian kingdom (Urartu) ...... 108 Van Kingdom (9-6 cc. BC) ...... 108 Araratian Kings of Van ...... 111 Yervandian or Yervanduni Dynasty ...... 112 Alexander the Great's Expedition- Armenian Artashesian Kingdom ...... 116 Battle of Gaugamela ...... 116 Artashesian dynasty ...... 117 Battle of Carrhae (Kharran, Harran) ...... 120 Artashesian (Artaxiad) Dynasty...... 122 Armenian Arshakunian (Arsacid) dynasty ...... 123 Arshakunian Dynasty ...... 128 Military Forces of Arshakunyats Armenia ...... 129 Marzpanate Armenia (428-652 AD, Arab invasion, Byzantine Empire ...... 133 Arab invasions, Armenia under Caliphate rule ...... 138 Bagratunian (Bagratid) dynasty ...... 142 Byzantine policy in Armenia ...... 145 Seljuk-Turks' invasions...... 145 Northern Armenia and Zakarian rule ...... 148 Mongol-Tatars dominance era ...... 150 The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia ...... 152 Edic Baghdasarian 6 Military History of Armenia

Medieval Armenian weapons ...... 156 Armenia in the14-18th centuries ...... 159 Liberation movement in Artsakh ...... 162 Syunik's sovereignty. Battles of Halidzor and Meghri ...... 164 The heroic defense of Yerevan, 1724 ...... 166 Armenian Melikdoms in the 17th and 18th centuries ...... 166 Armenian National Armed Forces during the absence of Armenian statehood ..... 168 Armenian National-liberation movements-1850's and 1860's ...... 172 The Armenian Gurrrillas (Fidayi, Hajduk) Movement ...... 179 National-liberation movements in the 1890s ...... 183 Armenian Volunteer Movement ...... 189 The Armenian Genocide ...... 195 Armenian massacres, 1894–1896 ...... 195 Van self-defense, 1915 ...... 198 Musa-Dagh self-defence, 1915 ...... 201 Armenians and Baku Commune ...... 204 The invasion of Turkish troops in Eastern Armenia May Battles ...... 206 The Republic of Armenia ...... 211 Republic of Armenia 1918-1920 ...... 211 The Birth of the National Army of Armenian Republic ...... 213 The Armenian republic of Cilicia...... 221 Cilicia Population: ...... 221 Heroic battle of Hachen ...... 221 TheArmenian Legion ...... 225 Armenian Legion And The liberation of Cilicia ...... 229 Establishment of the Red Army of Soviet Armenia ...... 231 Armenia during World War II ...... 233 The Armenian Legion and Nazi regime during WWII ...... 236 Armenian divisions within Soviet Army ...... 240 Tamanian division ...... 241 The Armenian Armed forces on the battlefield ...... 245 Armenian partisan’s battle ...... 252 Diaspora Armenians and World War II ...... 255 Armenian liberation war for Artsakh - establishment of Republic of Artsakh ..... 258 Position of Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ...... 266 Republic of Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic-1991-2008 ...... 268 Liberationa of Shushi ...... 269 The Third Republic of Armenia - the formation of the Armenian National Army 272 Some of the weapons of the Army of the Republic of Armenia ...... 275 Some Armenian manufactured weapons ...... 279 Ministry of Defense of Armenia ...... 283 War Losses ...... 285 Four-Day War, April 2016 ...... 285

Edic Baghdasarian 7 Military History of Armenia

APPENDICES

A Short History of the Armenian Diaspora ...... 288 Hidden Armenians ...... 297 A Short History of Armenian Repatriation ...... 303 Committee for Cultural Relations with Armenians Abroad ...... 308 Armenian Diaspora And The Ministery of Diasporia of RA ...... 310 Major Armenian Diaspora Organizations ...... 314 Armenian-Byzantine Emperors ...... 324 Armenian queens ...... 326 Armenians in the Iranian army ...... 328 Leaders of Armenia (1918–present)...... 330 First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) ...... 330 Second Republic of Armenia (1920–1990) ...... 330 Republic of Armenia (1991–present) Presidents ...... 331 Presidents of the National Assembly of Armenia ...... 332 First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) ...... 332 Republic of Armenia (1991–present) Chairmen of the Supreme Council ...... 332 Prime Minister of Armenia...... 336 First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) ...... 336 Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922–1936) and Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) ...... 337 Republic of Armenia (1991–present) ...... 339 List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Armenia ...... 342 Defence minister of Armenia ...... 343 National Heros of Armenia ...... 343 Armenian heroes of the Soviet Union ...... 344 The Armenian Soviet Generals who participated in the World War II ...... 347 List of Armenian Generals of the USSR ...... 349 Some Armenian officers at the service of Ottoman Turkey army ...... 351 Armenian generals in Russian Empire Army ...... 353 Armenian Intelligence ...... 362 Police of The Republic of Armenia ...... 378 Police ranks ...... 381 Military ranks ...... 382 Orders, decorations, and medals of Armenia ...... 383 Armenian Army uniforms, ...... 388 Some significant events and Personalities ...... 392 About the Author: Edic Baghdasarian (Edic Germanic) ...... 448