FREE THE ARCHETYPES AND THE PDF

Carl Jung | 52 pages | 01 Dec 2013 | Important Books | 9788087888681 | English | United States Jung's CW 9i: Archetypes & the Collective Unconscious

Email Address:. The Swiss Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung was responsible for popularising and The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious the study and concept of the Collective Unconscious. Jung believed that each of us have our own Personal The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious wherein resides all knowledge and memories of our personal experiences in our current life. Below the Personal Conscious he placed the Personal Unconscious. The Personal Unconscious contains memories that we have either forgotten or repressed The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious that are particular to the individual. This information is not easily accessed and we are not readily aware of it. If some of those memories were painful or traumatic they become split off from conscious recall. The conscious then represses them and forbids them access or recall. They remain trapped and The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious up in the deepest prison cells of the subconscious. However, even though these memories The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious incidents cannot The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious recalled they can exert their own impact and impression by manifesting as symptoms or neurosis in the individual. The individual will have no The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious of the underlying cause or root origin of these symptoms as the memory of it has been repressed. They know, but they just do not know that they know. Through meditation and hypnosis forgotten or repressed memories can be brought to light often for therapeutic The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. The Tarot cards can also reveal through their imagery such repressions. Outside of our Personal Conscious and Unconscious we have the Super Conscious where our Higher Self resides along with the records of our Past Lives and all we have learned. Great wisdom, peace, love and understanding can be accessed from our The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious Conscious and Higher Self through the Subconscious. The Super Conscious is also our connection with the Divine and again can be accessed through deep meditation and hypnosis. Information and advice from our Super Conscious is transmitted to our Conscious via our Subconscious. If that was not enough to get our minds around, Jung also believed that there was another Unconscious Realman Unconscious that we inherited from birth. He believed that below the The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious Unconscious lay the Collective Unconscious which housed the records of the evolution of mankind since the dawn of time. These records are not personal to any particular individual yet belong to all and connect all. Jung believed that each and every one of us can access the Collective Unconscious for information or inspiration and that each and every one of us also contributes to its growing pool of knowledge and memories. The Collective Unconscious is made up of Archetypes and Symbols. Many believe that we tap into the Collective Unconscious when we dream. Hall and Vernon J. Archetypes are patterns of behaviour that repeat themselves over and over again and for every situation in life there is an Archetype or Archetypal Behaviour associated with it. As humans evolve we continue to add Archetypes to the Collective Unconscious. Examples of Archetypes are found everywhere and anywhere humans exist and The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious constantly to be found expressing themselves in books, movies and plays etc along within our own environment, relationships and social circles. Still confused? Then take for example the Hero Archetype. Think of how many times we see this Archetypal Figure expressed in movies and books. Everyone loves a hero and if asked to visualise a typical hero, we can easily conjure up any number of hero types e. Superman and Batman. They spend their whole life protecting us from the villains another archetype and saving the world from ultimate disaster every week. These are larger than life heroes but they set the pattern of idea in our psyche as to what a hero ultimately is and what the hero or heroine needs to aspire to. Your idea of a hero might be different from mine. It might be the selfless fire fighter who risks his life to save the life of a child as he forces his way through a burning building as all his colleagues try to stop him. Nevertheless, he The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious still living up to the Archetypal idea of a hero. The Archetypal Hero of old would have been the Robin Hood type character. Robin Hood stole from the rich to give to the poor. He was hated by the aristocracy the villains yet loved by the poor innocent victims. As a Hero he had to contend with sword fights, bow and arrows, bareback horse-riding and the daily danger of being hung at the gallows. Today, the Archetypal Heroes have to deal with high-powered rifles, rocket attacks, nuclear weapons, psychotic serial killers, terrorists, corrupt governments or law enforcement agencies, hanging from the side of a helicopter and even computers that have started to think for themselves. The Hero Archetype has come a long way since the days of Robin Hood and even Robin The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious would have been based on an earlier version of a Hero. The Original Archetypal Hero would go back to primitive times. As mankind evolved, so too did our idea of the Hero. What the Hero did from then on was to become a representation of the original Archetype. The same applies to all Archetypes. Therefore an image of Robin Hood compared to an image of Superman will still represent the Hero Archetype. Even though they are worlds and centuries apart we have little or no problem recognising them as Heroes. When we see an image or picture depicting a Hero or Archetypal Heroic Situationa story and visuals immediately begin to form. The Tarot is full of Archetypes and Archetypal images. It is by getting to grips with the nature of Archetypes, their impact on us and our psyche, that we will understand what the cards are trying to tell us. Take for instance the 5 of Swords in the Minor Arcana. Depicted in this card is the Archetypal Bully. The person who is used to getting their own way through intimidation, force The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious threat. The imagery expresses this Archetypal Behaviour and therefore when we see this card appear in a spread it will have an immediate impact on both the reader and the querant. This The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious because the querant is identifying with an Archetype or Archetypal Situation depicted in the card. The querant is The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious the Collective Unconscious. You as the reader must add to this and make any necessary connections so that a trend or story begins to form. We all have an idea or experience of what a bully is and so know one when we see one, which is what we see when we look at the 5 of Swords. The imagery depicted in the Tarot cards is not just art for art sake. The picture will be depicting an Archetype or Archetypal Situationwhich we will all respond to. Different cultures or races however, may have their own particular Archetypes but generally as the human race we will agree on most of them. Now slowly go through the cards in search of both Archetypes and Archetypal Situations in their imagery. Do they remind you of people you know or something that you have experienced? In your mind form a story about each Archetype or Archetypal Situationsimilar to the way I summed up the Archetype and Archetypal Situation in the 5 of Swords. This exercise will assist you in associating personal experiences and knowledge to the cards when reading. It also helps develop your storytelling techniques. When it comes to the Symbols associated with the Collective Unconscious we must also familiarise ourselves with another way of looking at the imagery of the Tarot. We must learn to open our eyes and use our minds in many creative ways. The meaning of the Symbols we see throughout the Tarot can change and shift from one reading to the next. For one querant we may see the offer of the Cup to the disinterested figure sitting on the ground in the 4 of Cups as someone offering you something; an opportunity or perhaps a relationship, friendship or offer of help that you are unaware of as you or not paying attention, are disinterested or are too bored to care. For another querant the same card may find the Cup being offered this time as his or her boozing buddies trying to encourage overindulgence while the figure works hard to ignore them. You have to be flexible with Symbols as they are known to be shape-shifters. What we see today in the cards we may not see tomorrow. The querant may also symbolically see something in a card that you do not as it corresponds to something that is going on in their life or connected to their issue. What they see may have no bearing on the traditional associations or meaning of the card but is just as important and relevant. Asking your querant if any cards jump out at them or have particular meaning to them can result in some interesting results. This can often help open a card reading or overcome a block while reading. When this happens it is best to accept that the card is not for your interpretation. It is solely for the querant to The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. An example of this might be the likes of the Knight of Cups. Depending on the question we may interpret this card as an offer of a relationship as we see the gentle, and loving romantic Knight ride in on his beautiful white horse offering his Cup of emotion or love to the querant. However, the querant may not identify with this at all and may not find it relevant. It is much easier to get to grips with the Archetypes than it is with Symbols. With Symbols the need to be creative and intuitive is vitally important. We must train ourselves to really see and not just look. We must open the eyes of our Subconscious and also dip into The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious realms of the Collective Unconscious for inspiration when interpreting or even noticing the presence and importance of a particular Symbol in a card or cards. We must also look for Recurring Symbols in a reading as they happen regularly. When we get Symbols repeating themselves in a reading we must pay close attention for they are literally screaming at us. An example of this might be the 2 of Swords and the 8 of Swords. Both cards depict a figure blindfolded. What might this be telling us? That the querant is blind to the facts? That the querant is blind to what is going on around her? That the querant is hiding from or hiding the truth? That the querant is afraid to look for fear of what she might see about herself or the situation? That the querant has retreated within and is accessing her inner-self rather than the outer world for answers? : Archetypes and - Psychologist World

Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Jung. Herbert Read Editor. Michael Fordham Editor. Hull translator. Get A Copy. Hardcoverpages. More Details Original Title. Other Editions Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about The Archetypes and the Collective Unconsciousplease sign The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Be the first to ask a question The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 4. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Jun 12, Erik The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious rated it it was amazing Recommends it for: Jungians. Shelves: psychology. Except his book on flying saucers, read in childhood, this was the first book I ever read by C. The experience led to a programme of study which occupied the next eight years, leading me to change college majors history to religious studies and to proceed to seminary upon graduation. The occasion of the reading happened accidentally. Ed, an older friend from The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious school, had visited Grinnell from the University of Illinois, using my library card to check out books to study while in town Except his book on flying saucers, read in childhood, this was the first book I ever read by C. Ed, an older friend from high school, had visited Grinnell from the University of Illinois, using my library card to check out books to study while in town. The Jung volume struck my fancy. I'd heard of him, of course, heard of him of an associate of Freud, someone important, someone one ought know about. Besides, the book looked impressive: thick, lots of notes, an understated black cover. I asked to borrow it and began to read. My immediate impression was that the author was extremely erudite, his text making reference not The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious to psychology, but to cultural anthropology, comparative religions, philosophy, theology, ancient history, the classics The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. I knew, generally, where it was pointing, but not very clearly what it was pointing at. Gnosticism, hermeticism, alchemy--all of which he took seriously--were little more than words referring to archaic and discredited belief systems to me. Besides, he seemed to be comfortable with Latin--which I'd taken, not very successfully, in high school--and with Greek--which was still "Greek to me. Rather than being depressing, though, I took it as a challenge. Additionally, some of what Jung wrote about seemed to indicate that he and the persons and traditions he was concerned about knew something about those "altered states of consciousness" that I was exploring on almost a weekly basis--and that they took it seriously, very seriously. In other words, some of the archaic belief systems which I had previously dismissed were here being represented as stemming from experiences similar to ones very familiar and, sometimes, disturbing to me. I finished this alluring and mystifying book, then, when next home in Illinois, began the long, expensive process of buying and reading every volume of The Collected Works as well as very many books about Jung, about his "analytical psychology" and about the various, often obscure, topics he addressed. View 2 comments. Oct 17, Lindu Pindu rated it it was amazing Shelves: mythology-folklorepsychology. Jung is a The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious who sounds like a scientist. This is why his books aren't so dry that they leave you wishing they would just end. Rather, your hope you must cling to is that you have the power to process the bulk, and then maybe get to all those notes and references to another thousand books and manuscripts The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious one lifetime. A difficult book, discussing many symbols that might give clues to all of us about The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious we're coming from. I'm just wondering if the twitteresque society of today still birt Jung is a mystic who sounds like a scientist. I'm just wondering if the twitteresque society of today still births children who can draw complex mandalas at age 11, as one example in this book. Anyway, the practical application of The Archetypes is that it made me start journaling again- you know, using visual art rather than long paragraphs to express a state of mind or something you might be going through. I haven't yet felt the need to draw a mandala, or maybe I'm just censoring myself, as they're so incredibly detailed and revealing. But yeah, drawing feels like a massage for the brain. I highly recommend it- either the book, or doodling with abandon! View all 5 comments. For those sufficiently intrigued by Jung's ideas to go deeper, this is an excellent place to start. It is the most thorough extant exposition on the collective unconscious and the archetypes that arise therefrom. Whereas The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious and some of his predecessors believed in a personal unconscious that consisted primarily of the repressed thoughts and feelings of the individual, Jung carried the concept further, arguing that the personal unconscious The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious merely a thin film overlaying a much deeper reservo For those sufficiently intrigued by Jung's ideas to go deeper, this is an excellent place to start. Whereas Freud and some of his predecessors believed in a personal unconscious that consisted primarily of the repressed thoughts and feelings of the individual, Jung carried the concept further, arguing that the personal unconscious is merely a thin film overlaying a much deeper reservoir of unconscious images; that being the collective unconscious. Unlike the personal unconscious, the collective unconscious consists of the stored psychic impulses that the human race as a whole has developed over the course of its long evolutionary history. The archetypes of the collective unconscious are inlaid in the psyche of every human being, and the psychological development of every human individual is consequently shaped by their influence. Needless to say, the implications of this idea, when adequately borne The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, are enormous. It firstly dispenses with the enlightenment-era notion of the human mind as a tabula rasa with a form and content that is completely malleable. It suggests that our minds - and consequently our lives - are not entirely ours to shape, but have been to a large extent shaped for us by many generations of human experience, to which our own experience must be reconciled in order for it to be understood. All of our individual thoughts, feelings, insights, and enterprises are to be measured against the unconscious voice of all humanity. We must measure ourselves against our ancestors, rather than the other way around, as enlightened men like Voltaire would have had it. It even serves as a basis for the legitimacy of revealed truth, as opposed to empirically-discovered truth - although this is a seedy issue, since Jung insists that the existence of a collective unconscious is empirically proveable and that his work is every bit as "scientific" as that of anyone working in the natural sciences. The archetypal images that bubble up from the collective unconscious to present themselves to us must be said to come from outside of ourselves, to a certain extent. The images of the unconscious are like gods or spirits to us; they tell us things we did not consciously think of ourselves and offer to guide our way on life's path. It is psychologically dangerous to either shun these spiritual voices or conversely to identify excessively with them over one's own ego- consciousness. Rather, we have to The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious the voice of humanity present itself to us and dialogue with it, in order to develop as holistic human beings. View 1 comment. I first learned about Carl Jung in a psychology class in high school and I was amazed. However, he is limited: as a psychologist and not a philosopher- as he frequently says- he gives way too many technical explanations and too many side-tracks. Some times the side-tracks are rewarding, but other times they can be distracting. I expected a much more grandiose type of writing style with something along the lines of Plato or Hegel since his ideas are extremely deep. But since he is an scientific- empiricist, he barely gives any abstract explanations- amidst a couple. The main thing I notice from his writing is that he seems to struggle between two Persona's: the scientist and the mystic. Jung started out very conservative in his The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious work and even though he started breaking out of it when he published Symbols of Transformation, he still had this tension between the two. I suppose that his struggle is the Zeitgeist of our times. The media as well as many intellectuals keep on spreading the delusion that one can't live in both places simultaneously. And as long as we remain ignorant of both fields as well of history, the longer this struggle will continue. If Carl Jung was living during the Renaissance, his work would have suffered less but today, we live in the dark ages of religious fundamentalism and scientism. Jul 22, Barbara K. This book took me considerable time to get through, in spite of the fact that I'd read parts of it before, elsewhere. I read it off and on as I had the attention to give it, and since my reading time is usually at the end of the day, I didn't always have the brain power remaining to give it its proper due, so I read easier things instead. The final sections, on mandalas, captured my attention and sped me, relatively speaking, through the last hundred pages or so. I'm sure I'll be processing the This book took me considerable time to get through, in spite of the fact that I'd read parts of it before, elsewhere. I'm sure I'll be processing the contents of this book internally for a long time. As usual I penciled some things, and I plan to go back through what I penciled and perhaps add to this review later. I want to ensure that I'm not dicing and slicing ideas by quoting or paraphrasing out of context. The Collective Unconscious, Archetypes and Symbols – Truly Teach Me Tarot

Permalink Print. Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was interested in the way in which symbols and common myths permeate our thinking on both conscious and subconscious levels. Jung initially worked with fellow psychoanalyst Sigmund Freudwhose work The Interpretation of Dreams had attached significance to the recurring themes and motifs in people's dreams, and sought to understand their relevance to subjects' psyches and their mental wellbeing. Learn more. However, Jung and Freud later took different paths, with the former disagreeing with Freud's emphasis on the influence of The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious factors such as libido on behavior and personality. Instead, Jung looked at areas of the mind that constitute the psycheand the way in which they influenced one another. He distinguished the personaor the image of ourselves that we present to the world, from our shadowwhich may be comprised of hidden anxieties and repressed thoughts. Jung also noted the relationship between our personal unconsciouswhich contains an individual's personal memories and ideas, and a collective unconsciousa set of memories and ideas that is shared amongst all of humanity. Shared concepts, which Jung described as archetypespermeate the collective unconscious and emerge as themes and characters in our dreams and surface in our culture - in myths, books, films and paintings, for example. Jung felt that disunity among thoughts in the personal subconscious and the conscious could create internal conflicts which could lead to particular personality traits or The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Such inner conflicts could be resolved, claimed Jung, by allowing repressed ideas to emerge into the conscious and accommodating rather than destroying them, thus creating a state of inner harmony, through a process known as individuation. In this article we will look at Jung's theories on psychoanalysis and the most significant of his archetypes, and will see how his ideas influenced modern psychology. Jung's idea of the personal unconscious is comparable to the unconscious that Freud and other psychoanalysts referred to. To Jung, it is personal, as opposed to the collective unconsciouswhich is shared amongst all persons. The personal unconscious contains memories which are unaware we still possess, often as a result of repression. As we exist in a conscious state, we do not have direct access to our personal unconscious, but it emerges in our dreams or in a hypnotic state of regression. The collective unconscious is key to Jung's theories of the mind as it contains the archetypes. Rather than being born as a tabula rasa a 'blank slate' in Latin and being influenced purely by our environment, as the English philosopher John Locke believed, Jung proposed that we are each born with a collective unconscious. This contains a set of shared memories and ideas, which we can all identify with, regardless of the culture that we were born into or the time period in which we live. We cannot communicate through the collective unconscious, but we recognise some of the same ideas innately, including archetypes. For example, many cultures have cultivated similar myths independently of one another, which feature similar characters and themes, such as the creation of the universe. Jung noted that within the collective unconscious there exist a number of archetypes which we can all recognise. The mother figure, for example, has caring qualities; she is dependable and compassionate. We all hold similar ideas of the mother figure and we see her across cultures and in our language - such as the term 'mother nature'. Archetypes are often incarnated as characters in myths, novels and films - in the James Bond spy series, 'M' embodies the mother archetype, whom the spy trusts and returns to. Similar, archetypes permeate the cards of a Tarot deck: the mother archetype is seen in the qualities of the Empress card, whilst the Hermit embodies the wise old man archetype. Distinct from our inner self, Jung noted that we each have a persona - an identity which we wish to project to others. He used the Latin term, which can refer either to a person's personality the mask of an actor, intentionally, as the persona can be constructed from archetypes in the collective unconscious, or be influenced by ideas of social roles in society. For example, a father may adopt traits which he considers to be typical of a father - serious or disciplining, for example - rather than those which reflect his actual personality. Philip Zimbardo 's study of social roles in The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious prison situation further demonstrated the effect that our role has on our persona. Assigned a role, such as that of a prison guard, The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious often behave as they would expect someone in their role to act. We look at how it was conducted and what we can learn As the persona is not a true reflection of our consciousness, but rather an idealised image which people aspire to, identifying too much with a persona can lead to inner conflicts and a repression of our own individuality, which Jung claimed could be resolved through individuation. The shadow archetype is composed primarily of the elements of ourselves that we consider to be negative. We do not show this side of the self to the outside world as it can be a source of anxiety or shame. The shadow may contain repressed ideas or thoughts which we do not wish to integrate into our outward personabut these must be resolved in order to achieve individuation. However, it may also include positive traits, such as perceived weaknesses for example, empathy which may not fit into the 'toughness' that a person wants to present as a part of their persona. In literature, the shadow is often presented as a villainous character - for instance, as the snake in the Garden of Eden or The Jungle Book. Jung also observed Hyde, whom Dr. Jekyll and Mr. The anima in males or animus in females represents the opposite gender to a person's self. As a person develops a gender identity, such as that of being male, they repress the aspects of their personality which might be considered to be feminine, such as empathy in social situations. Whilst these traits form part of the true, united selfthey are held back from our persona and are represented in the form of the feminine archetype anima in males or the masculine archetype animus in females. The anima and animus are idealised impressions of the male or female, which emerge from the collective unconscious in dreams and inform our ideas of the opposite gender. As we age, they bring us into touch with the aspects of our personality repressed during The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious formation of a gender identity. For example, a man may allow their empathy to show more after the The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious of their masculine persona. The anima and animus can be found throughout our culture - Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudicefor example, presents the anima archetype as the idealised Mr Darcey. Through his age and frailty, the Wise Old Man represents the power of peaceful contemplation in the absence of physical prowess. The wise old man, through quiet thought, foresees the future and offers guidance in turbulent times. The wise old man is a prophetic archetype and can often be seen in stories as a wizard, such as Gandalf in J. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. The Great Mother archetype embodies the idealised qualities of the mother figure. She is caring, compassionate, dependable and loving and, like the Wise Old Man, she may offer guidance when asked. The stock character of the 'fairy godmother' often embodies the Great Mother in literature. The The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious that we have looked at in this article are just a few of those which Jung believed to populate The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious collective unconscious. Many more archetypes may be The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, possessing non-exclusive qualities which may be held by multiple archetypes to different extents. Other archetypes include the magician, the child, the creator and the caregiver, among others. Jung believed that by acquiring the qualities of an archetype from the collective unconscious, we repress those attributes of our true self which do not conform to the archetype. To achieve individuation and realise our true self, he claimed that, rather than repressing these traits, we must 'integrate' them by allowing them to surface from the shadow and to coexist with those in the egoor true self. Analytical psychologists may encourage this integration, The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious individuation, through therapy including The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious association. Aside from the theories of the workings of the psyche described above, Jung also believed the people could The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious divided by their The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious type. He identified the introvert and extrovert personality types. Introverts, though quiet and sometimes unsociable, take the The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious to think over problems, whilst extroverts may be popular among their peers and unhesitant in expressing themselves. Are you an introvert or an extrovert? Take the test. Although his theories are discussed to a lesser extend than Freud's psychodynamic approach, Carl Jung's ideas carry an influence whose effects can The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious be felt today. The idea that we project The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious our personas not our true personality but an aspirational, idealised version of who we would like to be, and Jung's distinction between inward-looking introvert and outgoing extrovert personality types, have lead to the development of numerous personality tests which are still used today, including that of Katharine Cook Briggs and . Jung's The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious have also impacted on the field of analytical psychology, which is commonly referred to as Jungian psychology. Which Archetype Are You? Discover which Jungian Archetype your personality matches with this archetype test. Are You Angry? Take The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious 5-minute anger test to find out if you're angry! Windows to the Soul What can a person's eyes tell you about what they are thinking? Are You Stressed? Measure your stress levels with this 5- minute stress test. Memory Like A Goldfish? Take Psychologist World's 5-minute memory test to measure your memory. Slave To Your Role? To what extent are people controlled by their The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious in society? Are You Fixated? Discover your Freudian with our Fixation Test. Interpret Your Dreams Learn to interpret the hidden meanings behind the themes of your dreams and nightmares. How to Read Body Language Learn to read and understand body signals and improve your own body language. How to Beat Stress and Succeed in Exams If you're one of the many people who gets stressed out when it comes to taking exams then we have a few tips for you that will help you to overcome this and really concentrating on achieving good grades. A look at common defense mechanisms we employ to protect the ego. Test your knowledge of and Freudian psychology with this revision Test your knowledge of defense mechanisms in psychology with this revision quiz. How Freud used a boy's horse phobia to support his theories. More on Freudian Psychology. Psychology approaches, theories and studies explained. Learn More and Sign Up. How ingratiation techniques are used to persuade people. Does brainwashing really exist and how has it been used? Struggle to keep conversations alive? Try the easy-to-remember FORM technique. A new study claims that appreciation of black humor is a sign of intelligence. How can the colors around us affect our mood? Polyphasic sleep patterns, daytime naps and their impact on performance. Learn to interpret the hidden meanings behind the themes of your dreams and nightmares.