<<

The Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central (OSME)

The OSME Region List of Taxa, Part D: References. Version 6.1: July 2020

AAC = Betton, K. 2005. Asian Area Checklist. (Personally-assembled table, by country, for the Caucasus and Central Asian Republics in the OSME Region; Word doc).

Abdilzadeh, R, M Aliabadian and U Olsson. 2019. A Molecular Assessment of the of Iranian Sylvia Warblers (Aves; Sylviidae). J. Genet. Resour. 5(2): 149-162.

Abdilzadeh, R, M Aliabadian and U Olsson. 2020. Molecular assessment of the distribution and taxonomy of the Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca complex in Iran, with particular emphasis on the identity of the contentious taxon, zagrossiensis Sarudny, 1911. J. Orn. doi.org/10.1007/s10336-020-01772-x A&K = Adamian, MS and D Klem, Jr. 1999. Handbook of the of Armenia. American University of Armenia, Oakland, California. USA.

Adamian, M and FX Moffat. 2009. First record of Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus in Armenia. Sandgrouse 31(1): 42-43.

Ahmadzadeh, F and A Khaleghizadeh. 2006. Record of Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus in Meshkin Shahr, Ardabil Province, and its status in Iran. Podoces 1 (1/2): 39-40.

Albegger, E, S Götsch, R Aymi and E Ribes. 2010. First record of African Dunn’s Lark (Eremalauda dunni dunni ) for the Tafilalt, Morocco. Go-South Bulletin 7 : 121-126.

Albrecht, F, J Hering, E Fuchs, JC Illera, F Ihlow, TJ Shannon, JM Collinson, M Wink, J Martens and M Päckert. 2020. Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0230151. doi.org/10.1371/ Aliabadian, M, M Kaboli, R Prodon, R Nijman and M Vences. 2007. Phylogeny of Palearctic wheatears ( Oenanthe ): congruence between morphometric and molecular data. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 42: 665-675.

Aliabadian, M, M Kaboli, MI Förschler, V Nijman, A Chamani, A Tiller, R Prodon, E Pasquet, PGP Ericson and D Zuccon. 2012. Convergent evolution of morphological and ecological traits in the open- chat complex (Aves, Muscicapidae: Saxicolinae) Mol. Phyl.Evol. 65: 35-45. Aliabadian, M, KK Beentjes, CS Roselaar, H van Brandwijk, V Nijman and R Vonk. 2013. DNA barcoding of Dutch birds. ZooKeys 365: 25-48.

Alieslam, A. 2014. First record for Iran of Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea , near Jask city, rmozgan province. Sandgrouse 36(1): 61-62. htm.طيور الكويت ,Alsirhan, A. 2005. Supplied Kuwait bird species list. Kuwait Environment Protection Society. Website Birds of Kuwait

Alström, P. 1991. A Radde's Accentor Prunella atrogularis from Oman reidentified as Black-throated Accentor P. atrogularis. Sandgrouse 13(2): 106-108.

A&M = Alström, P and K Mild. 2003. & Wagtails . Helm. A&C Black. London. UK.

Alström, P, PGP Ericson, U Olsson and P Sundberg. 2006. Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 38: 381–397

Alström, P, PC Rasmssen, U Olsson and P. Sundberg. 2008a. Species delimitation based on multiple criteria: the Spotted Bush Warbler Bradypterus thoracicus complex. (Aves: Megaluridae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 154: 291-307.

Alström, P, U Olsson, F Lei, H-t Wang, W Gao and P Sundberg. 2008b. Phylogeny and classification of the Old World Emberizini (Aves, Passeriformes). Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 47: 960–973.

Alström, P, J Fjeldså, S Fregin and U Olsson. 2011a. Gross morphology betrays phylogeny: the Scrub Warbler Scotocerca inquieta is not a cisticolid. Ibis 153(1): 87–97

Alström, P, S Fregin, JA Norman, D Zuccon, PGP Ericson, L Christidis and U Olsson. 2011b. Multilocus analysis of a taxonomically densely sampled dataset reveal extensive non-monophyly in the avian family Locustellidae. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 58: 513-526 (doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.012) Alström, P, S Höhna, M Gelang, PGP Ericson and U Olsson. 2011c. Non-monophyly and intricate morphological evolution in the avian family Cettiidae revealed by multi-locus analysis of a taxonomically densely sampled dataset. BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/352 Alström P, T Saitoh, D Williams, I Nishiumi, Y Shigeta, K Ueda, M Irestedt, M Björklund & U Olsson. 2011d. The Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis - three anciently separated cryptic species revealed. Ibis 153: 395-410.

Alström, P,KN Barnes, U Olsson, FK Barker, P Bloomer, AA Khan, MA Quresh, A Guillaumet, P-A Crochet and PG Ryan. 2013a. Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 69 (3): 1043-1056. Alström, P, U Olsson and F Lei 2013b A review of the recent advances in the systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Chinese Birds 4(2): 99–131.

Alström, P, PC Rasmussen, C Zhao, J Xu, S Dalvi, T Cai, Y Guan, R Zhang, MV. Kalyakin, F Lei and U Olsson. 2016. Integrative taxonomy of the Plain-backed Thrush (Zoother mollissima ) complex (Aves, Turdidae) reveals cryptic species, including a new species. Av. Res. 7:1: doi 10.1186/s40657-016-0037-2 Alström, P, A Cibois, M Irestedt, D Zuccon, M Gelang, J Fjeldså, MJ Andersen, RG Moyle, E Pasquet and U Olsson. 2018a. Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the grassbirds and allies (Locustellidae) reveals extensive non-monophyly of traditional genera, and a proposal for a new classification. Mol Phyl Evol doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.029 Alström, P, FE Rheindt, R Zhang, M Zhao, J Wang, X Zhu, C Yin Gwee, Y Hao, J Ohlson, C Jia, DM Prawiradilaga, PGP Ericson, F Lei and U Olsson. 2018b. Complete species-level phylogeny of the leaf warbler (Aves: Phylloscopidae) radiation, Mol. Phyl. &Evol. doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.031 Alström, P, PC Rasmussen, G Sangster, S Calvi, PD Round, R Zhang, C-T Yao, M Irestedt, HL Manh, F Lei and U Olsson. 2019. Multiple species within the Striated Prinia Prinia crinigera -Brown Prinia P. polychroa complex revealed through an integrative taxonomic approach. Ibis . doi: 10.1111/ibi.12759 Amezian, M, M Radi, MI Tattou, ML Khayya, ML Samlali and A Qninba. 2011. Cricket Longtail breeding in southern Morocco. Dutch Birding 33(4): 229-232

Amouret, J, GT Hallgrimsson, Y Kolbeinsson and S Pálsson. 2016. Morphological differentiation of Icelandic Redpolls, Acanthis flammea islandica. Bird Study 63(1): 37-45

Ananian, V and S Busuttil. 2002. The first breeding records of Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola and Savi’s Warbler Locustella luscinioides in Armenia. Sandgrouse 24: 52 – 53.

Ananian, V and S Busuttil. 2003. Further observations and probable breeding of Mongolian Trumpeter Bucanetes mongolicus in Armenia. Sandgrouse 25(2): 148 – 150.

Ananian, V. 2005. Draft checklist of Armenian bird species . Excel Table.

Ananian, VA. 2006. Draft Checklist of Armenian Birds . Excel Table.

Ananian, VY, SV Drovetski, YA Koblik, IV Fadeyev and SA Agayan. 2013a. Статус зелёной пересмешки Hippolais icterina в Армении. [The status of the icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina in Armenia]. Russ. J. Orn. 896: 1844-1849.

Ananian, VY, SV Drovetski, YA Koblik, IV Fadeyev and SA Agayan. 2013b. Буланый вьюрок Rhodospiza obsoleta – новый вид для фауны Армении. [Desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta – новый вид для фауны Армении. [Desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta - a new breeding species in the fauna of Armenia]. Russ. J. Orn . 895: 1799-1803. Ananyan, V, SA Boyadzhyan, VSh Akopyan. 2017. Регистрации белошапочной овсянки Emberiza leucocephalos в Армении. [Registration of the Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos in Armenia.] Русский орнитологический журнал 2017, Том 26, Экспресс-выпуск. [Russian Ornithological Journal 2017, Volume 26, Express Issue] No. 1416: 986-988 Anderson, B, E Jirle and L Svensson. 2009. Holarctic List v2.0 at http://www.pheromone.ekol.lu.se/hollisteng.html (Swedish Ornithological Committee). Accessed Nov09.

Anderson, RC. 2009. Do dragonflies migrate across the western Indian Ocean? J. Trop. Ecol . 25: 347-358

Andrews, IJ. 1994. Description and status of the black morph Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens in Jordan. Sandgrouse 16(1): 32-35.

Andrews, IJ, F Khoury and H Shrihai. 1999. Jordan Bird Report 1995-97. Sandgrouse 21(1): 10-35. dos Anjos, L, SJS Debus, SC Madge and JM Marzluff. 2009. Family Corvidae (crows). In: del Hoyo, J, A Elliot and D Christie. (Eds). Handbook of Birds of the World. Vol 14. Lynx Edicions. Barcelona, Spain. 544-640.

Ararat, K. 2016. First record of Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina , first breeding record of Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus and first records of Eastern Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis , Olive Tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum and Goldcrest Regulus regulus , for Iraq. Sandgrouse 38(1): 106-109 Ararat, K and M Rahim. 2017. First Scrub Warbler Scotocerca inquieta record and first breeding observations of desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta for Iraq. Sandgrouse 39(1): 69-71.

Ararat, K, O Fadhil, RF Porter and M Salim. 2011. Breeding birds in Iraq: important new discoveries. Sandgrouse 33(1): 12-33.

Arbabi, T, J Gonzalez, H-H Witt, R Klein and M Wink. 2014a. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus and the first genetic record of A. s. fuscus in Central Europe. Ibis doi: 10.1111/ibi.12174

Arbabi, T, J Gonzalez and M Wink. 2014b. A Re-evaluation of Phylogenetic Relationships within Reed Warblers (Aves: Acrocephalidae) Based on Eight Molecular Loci and ISSR Profiles. Mol. Phyl. Evol. In press: DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.026

Arbabi, T, J Gonzalez and M Wink. 2014c. Mitochondrial evidence for genetic diversity and low phylogeographic differentiation in the Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris (Aves: Acrocephalidae). Organisms, Diversity & Evol. DOI 10.1007/s13127-014- 0177-3 Arkhipov, VYu. 2006. Status and distribution of selected bird species on the Russia-Kazakhstan border northwest of the Caspian Sea. Sandgrouse 28(2): 156-169.

Arlott, N. 2007. Birds of the Palearctic: . Collins. London. UK. Arnaiz-Villena, A, J Moscoso, V Ruiz-del-Valle, J Gonzalez, R Reguera, A Ferri, M Wink and J Serrano-Vela. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA Phylogenetic Definition of a Group of 'Arid-Zone' Carduelini . The Open Ornithology Journal 1: 1-7.

Ash, J and J Atkins. 2009. Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Christopher Helm/A&C Black. London, UK.

Ash, JS, DJ Pearson, G Nikolaus and PR Colston. 1989. The mangrove reed warblers of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coasts, with description of a new subspecies of the African reed warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus . Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 109:36-43

Ashby, S. 2018. Amur Wagtail. Images at www.birds.kz

Ashoori, A. 2019. Evidence of breeding of Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides in Iran. Sandgrouse 41(1): 15-17.

Aspinall, S. 1996. The breeding birds of the United Arab Emirates . Hobby Publications. Liverpool UK/Dubai UAE.

Aspinall, S. 2010. Breding birds of the United Arab Emirates . Environment Agency Dubai, UAE.

Aspinall, S and RF Porter. 2011. Birds of the United Arab Emirates . Helm Field Guides. Christpher Helm, London UK

Assandri, G and M Morganti. 2015. Is the Spectacled Warbler Sylvia conspicillata expanding northward because of climate warming? Bird Study 62: 126-131.

Atadjanov, AK, AK Filatov, EN Lanovenko, EN Gerasimenko, LV Safronov, BB Abdunazorov, SV Zagrebin and JT Kodjaev. 2003. Lake Dengizkul, Uzbekistan: RAMSAR Wetland Information Sheet. Ramsar Convention Bureau. Gland, Switzerland.

Atahan, A and M Atahan. 2009. First record of Buff-bellied Anthus (rubescens) japonicus for Turkey. Sandgrouse 31(2): 138-139.

Avibase. 2005. Bird Checklists of the World . (Multiple visits) eg Afghanistan checklist H&M at www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?pg=checklist&lang=EN.

Avibase. 2006. Bird Checklists of the World - Egypt .

Ayé, R. 2007a. Plumbeous Water Redstart Rhyacornis fuliginosus - a new breeding species for Central Asia. Sandgrouse 29 (1): 108-110.

Ayé, R. 2007b. Wildlife Conservation Society:Afghanistan Biodiversity Conservation Project - Wakhan Avifauna Survey Report . WCS internal report.

Ayé, R, ST Hertwig and M Schweizer. 2010. Discovery of a breeding area of the enigmatic large-billed reed warbler Acrocephalus orinus. J. Avian Biol . 41: 452-459.

Ayé, R, M Schweizer and T Roth. 2012. The Birds of Central Asia . Helm. London. UK.

Ayé, R, T Roth, SI Sayedi and T Stalling. 2012b. Sistan (Afghan) Scrub Sparrow (moabiticus) yatii : Notes on Common Name, Status and Threats. Podoces 7( ½}: 54-58

Ayé, R, T Roth and T Stalling. 2014. Paddyfield Pipit (Anthus rufulus ) in south-eastern Iran: a species new to the Middle East. Zool. Mid. East 60(2): 183-185.

Azeria, ET. 2004. Terrestrial bird community patterns on the coralline islands of the Dahlak Archipelago, Red Sea, Eritrea. Global Ecol. Biogeogr . 13: 177–187

Azin, F, SM Nosrati and H Amini. 2008. Occurrence of Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer on Kish Island, Northeastern Persian Gulf Iran. Podoces 3: 105-107.

Babbington, J. 2013. The first record of Siberian Buff-bellied Pipit for Bahrain. Phoenix 29: 24

Babbington, J. 2016. Update on the status and occurrence of Arabian Magpie Pica pica asirensis in Saudi Arabia. Sandgrouse 38(2): 146-151.

Babbington, J. 2018. My local 'patch' at Dhahran Hills, Saudi Arabia. Sandgrouse Supplement 4: 39-59.

Babbington, J and P Roberts. 2014. Further records of Small Buttonquail Turnix sylaticus and 'mangrove white-eye' Zosterops sp in southwest Saudi Arabia. Sandgrouse 36(1): 50-52.

Babbington, J and P Roberts. 2020. Additional data on Anthus cinnamomeus eximius in Saudi Arabia. Sandgrouse 42(1): 92-99.

Babbington, J, G Boland, GM Kirwan, A Alsuhaibany, H Shirihai and M Schweizer. 2019. Confirmation of Acrocephalus scirpaceus avicenniae (Aves: Acrocephalidae) from mangroves on the Red Sea coast near Jazan, southwest Saudi Arabia. Zool. ME. http://dx.doi.org/ Babbington, J, CRJ Boland, G Kirwan and M Schweizer. 2020. Morphological differences between ‘Mangrove White-eye’ and montane Abyssinian White-eye (Zosterops abyssinicus arabs ) in Arabia despite no differentiation in mitochondrial DNA: incipient speciation via niche divergence? J. Orn. doi.org/10.1007/s10336-020-01788-3 Baccetti, N. B Massa and C Violani. 2007. Proposed synonymy of Sylvia cantillans moltonii Orlando, 1937, with Sylvia cantillans subalpina Temminck, 1820. Bull. BOC ; 107–110.

Baha el Din. 1984. New and interesting records for Egypt 1980-82. Courser 1: 47-51

Baha El Din, S and M Baha El Din. 2000. The occurrence of the North African subspecies of Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens halophila in Egypt. Sandgrouse 22(2): 109-112.

Baha el-Din, S and M Baha el-Din. 2001. The first Black Bush Robin Cercotrichas podobe in Egypt. Sandgrouse 23(1): 62-64.

Bairlein, F, P Alström, R Aymí, P Clement, A Dyrcz, G Gargallo, AFA Hawkins, SC Madge, DJ Pearson and L Svensson. 2006. Family Sylviidae (Old World warblers) . Pp. 492-709 in HBW Vol. 11. Old World flycatchers to Old World warblers. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Bairlein, F. 2008. The mysteries of migration – still much to be learnt. Brit. Birds 101: 68-81 (Feb 08).

Baker, ECS. 1922-29. Fauna of British , 2nd edn . 6 volumes. Taylor & Francis. London, UK.

Baker, K. 1997. Warblers of Europe, Asia and North America. Helm . London.UK.

Ball, L, W al-Fazari andJ Borrell. 2015. Birds of Wadi Sayq, Dhofar, Oman: British Exploring Society expeditions January-March 2012 and 2013. Sandgrouse 37(1): 2-12.

Bannerman, DA and WM Bannerman. 1958. Birds of Cyprus . Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Bannerman, DA and WM Bannerman. 1971. Handbook of the Birds of Cyprus and Migrants of the Middle East . Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Bannikova, A. 2010. On the molecular phylogeny in the genus Lanius . Appendix 2 In: Panov, EN. True Shrikes - Laniidae of the World . Ecology, Behavior, Evolution. Pensoft. Moscow, Russia.

Barani-Beiranvand, H, A. Aliabadian, M Irestedt, Y Qu, J Darvish, JD Szekely, R van Dijk and P Ericson. 2017. Phylogeny of penduline tits inferred from mitochondria and microsatellite genotyping. J. Avian Biol. doi: 10.1111/jav.01163

Baranov, AA. 1991. Баранов А.А. Редкие и малоизученные птицы Тувы . Красноярск: Изд-во Краснояр. ун-та. [Rare and little-known birds of Tuva . IZD-VO Krasnojar University. Krasnoyarsk]. Russia.

Barezzani, R and EB Ebels. 2012. Mugimaki Flycatcher in Brescia, Italy, in October 2011. Dutch Birding 34(1): 41-44

Batista, R, U Olsson, T Andermann, A Aleixo, CC Ribas, and A Antonelli. 2020. Phylogenomics and biogeography of the world’s thrushes (Aves, Turdus): new evidence for a more parsimonious evolutionary history. Proc. R. Soc. B 287: 20192400. doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2400 Bates, RSP and EHN Lowther. 1952. Breeding Birds of Kashmir . OUP. Oxford. UK.

Beddard, R, V Ananian and M Finn. 2002. The first Mongolian Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes mongolicus in Armenia. Sandgrouse 24: 144–147.

Belkacem, AA, O Gast, H Stuckas, D Cana, M LoValvo, G Giacalone and Martin Päckert. 2016. North African hybrid sparrows (Passer domesticus, P. hispaniolensis ) back from oblivion – ecological segregation and asymmetric mitochondrial introgression between parental species. Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2274 Open Access 1-17. Belousov, EM. 1990. Materialy o novykh gnezdyashchikhsya vidakh ptits nizov’ev reki Atrek (yugo-vostochnyi Prikaspii). [Data on new breeding bird species in the lower Atrek River, south-eastern Caspian]. Ornitologiya 24: 103-107. [In Russian].

Belyalov, OV and FF Karpov 2009. [Survey of wintering birds in the foothills of the floodplains of the Chu river.] Kazakh. Orn. Bull. 2008: 88-93. [In Russian.]

Benson, SV. 1970. Birds of Lebanon and the Jordan area . ICBP. Frederick Warne & Co, London & New York. van den Berg, AB. 2018. WP bird names. https://tinyurl.com/yam3d3kg. van den Berg, AB and The Sound Approach 2020. Morocco: sharing the birds . Poole, Dorset. UK..

Bergier, P, J Franchimont, M Thévenot & Moroccan Rare Birds Committee (2006-2009). Rare birds in Morocco: report of the Moroccan Rare Birds Committee (2007–09). Bull. ABC 18(1): 40-60. Bergier, P, M Thévenot, AB van den Berg and The Sound Approach. 2013. Distribution, habitat, identification and taxonomy of Streaked Scrub Warbler in Morocco. Dutch Birding 35: 107-121. Berthold, P. 1999. Bird Migration: a general survey. 2nd edn . OUP. Oxford. UK.

Beton, D and H Yorganci. 2010. First record of Desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta for Cyprus. Sandgrouse 40(1): 16.

BirdingEgypt.com .2006.

BinE = Birding In Egypt 2009. www.birdinginegypt.com. Webmaster Istvàn (Steve) Moldovàn

Blach, B. 1959. Höstobservationer I Libanon [Autumn observations in Lebanon] In Swedish. Fauna och Flora 54: 161-180.

Blackburn, E and W Cresswell. 2016. High site fidelity in Northern Wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe wintering in Africa revealed through colour marking. Bird Study 63(2): 284-288.

Blackburn, TM, E Dyer, S Su and P Cassey. 2015. Long after the event, or four things we (should) know about bird invasions. J. Orn. 156 (Supp 1): 15-25.

Blair, M. 2008. Discerning the presence of Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia ) among Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhyncos ). Tichodroma 20: 167-170.

Blair, M and S Fleming. 2008. A mimic responding to the mimicked species from playback. (Acrocephalus palustris versus Sylvia nisoria ). Tichodroma 20: 95-96.

BLI = BirdLife International. 2005 et seq . www.birdlife.org. (Multiple Data Zone visits).

Boesman, P. 2016. Notes on the vocalizations of Desert Warbler (Sylvia nana ). In: del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, J Sargatal, DA Christie and E de Juana. (Editors), Birds of the World. Ithaca. Website: https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/ornith-notes/JN100260.

Bonser, R. 2006. Birding Egypt’s southern Red Sea coast. Birding World 19(5): 212-219.

Bot, S and RE van Dijk. 2009. Black-headed Penduline Tits Remiz macronyx in Kazakhstan. Sandgrouse 31(2): 171-176.

Bot, S, D Brinkhuizen, T Székely and R van Dijk. 2011. Penduline Tits in Eurasia: distribution, identification and systematics. Dutch Birding 33(3): 177-187

Bot, S, N van Duivendijk, E Nieuwstraten and H Zevenhuizen. 2012. Kaspiche Roodborsttaputi op Vlieland in oktober 2012. Dutch Birding 34(6): 378-385.

Bourne, WRP. 1991. The Seabirds of Arabia. Sea Swallow 40: 4-12.

Bowie, RCK. 2003. Birds, molecules and evolutionary patterns among Africa's islands in the sky. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cape Town.

Bracken, B. 2016. First confirmed evidence of Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica breeding on the Arabian Peninsula. Sandgrouse 38(1): 23-26

Brambilla, M, S Vitulano, F Spina, N Bacetti, G Gargalllo, E Fabbri, F Guidali and E Randi. 2008. A molecular phylogeny of the Sylvia cantillans complex: Cryptic species within the Mediterranean basin. Mol Phyl. Evol. 48: 461-472.

Brambilla, M, S Vitulano, A Ferri, F Spina, E Fabbri and E Randi. 2009. What are we dealing with? An explicit test reveals different levels of taxonomical diagnosability in the Sylvia cantillans species complex. J. Orn. (In print). First available at DOI 10.1007/s10336-009-0457-4. Brambilla, M, M Gustin, S Vitolano, I Negri and C Celado. 2016. A territory scale analysis of habitat preferences of the declining Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana . Bird Study 63(1): 52-57

Bräunlich, A. 2002. Birding in Central Asia: an introduction to Mongolia. OBC Bull. 35: 62-70.

Bräunlich, A. 2012. www.sibagu.com/mongolia

Bräunlich, A and J Steudtner. 2008. Hodgson’s Bushchat Saxicola insignis in the Mongolian Altai. BirdingAsia 9: 70-71.

Brazil, M. 2009. Birds of East Asia . Christopher Helm/A&C Black. London. UK

Briedis, M, P Kurlavičius, R Mackevičienė, R Vaišvilienė and S Hahn. 2018. Loop migration, induced by seasonally different flyway use, in Northern European Barn Swallows. J. Orn. doi.org/10.1007/s10336-018-1560-1

Briedis, M, S Bauer, P Adamík, JA Alves, JS Costa, T Emmenegger, L Gustafsson, J Koleček, M Krist, F Liechti, S Lisovski, CM. Meier, P Procházka and S Hahn. 2020. Broad-scale patterns of the Afro-Palaearctic landbird migration. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 00: 1–14. Brochet, A-L, W van den Bossche, S Jbour, PK Ndang’ang’a, VR Jones, WAI Abdou, AR al-Hmoud, NG Asswad, JC Atienza, I Atrash, N Barbara, K Bensusan, T Bino, C Celada, SI Cherkaoui, J Costa, B Deceuninck, KS Etayeb, C Feltrup-Azafzaf, J Figelj, M Gustin, P Kmecl, V Kocevski, M Korbeti, D Kotrošan, JM Laguna, M Lattuada, D Leitão, P Lopes, N López-Jiménez, V Lucić, T Micol, A Moali , Y Perlman, N Piludu, D Portolou, K Putilin, G Quaintenne, G Ramadan-Jaradi, Milan Ružić, A Sandor, N Sarajli , D Saveljić, RD Sheldon, T Shialis, N Tsiopelas, F Vargas, C Thompson, A. Brunner, R Grimmett and SHM Butchart. 2016. Preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of birds in the Mediterranean. Bird Conserv, Intl . 26: 1-28. Brochet, A-L, S Jbour, RD Sheldon, R Porter, VR Jones, W al-Fazari, O al-Saghier, S Alkhuzai, LA al-Obeid, R Angwin, K Ararat, M Pope, MY Shobrak, MS Willson, SS Zadeghan and SHM Butchart. 2019. A preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of wild birds in the Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Iraq. Sandgrouse 41(2): 154-175. Browne, PWP. 2015. First record of a drongo Dicrurus in Arabia. Sandgrouse 37(1): 26-27.

Buchheim, A. 2015. More on the Asian Rosy Finch Leucusticte arctoa brunneonucha : first record for Mongolia. BirdingASIA 24: 44-45.

Bukreev, SA. 1997. [Ornithogeography and wildlife protection in Turkmenistan ]. Pensoft (?) Moscow. Russia. [In Russian}.

Bundy, G and E Warr. 1979. Provisional Check-list of Birds of the Arabian Gulf States . OSME. Sandy, Beds UK.

Busuttil, S and R Ayé. 2009. Ornithological surveys in Bamiyan Province, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Sandgrouse 31(2): 146-159.

Busuttil, S, R Ayé and C Shank. 2010. Notes on nest and breeding of Afghan Snowfinch theresae , Bamiyan province, Afghanistan. Sandgrouse 32(1): 13-14.

Byers, C, U. Olsson and J Curson. 1995. Buntings and Sparrows . Pica. Robertsbridge. Sussex. UK.

Cai, Q, X Qian, Y Lang, Y Luo, J Xu, S Pan, Y Hui, C Gou, Y Cai, M Hao, J Zhao, S Wang, Z Wang, X Zhang, R He, J Liu, L Luo, Y Li and J Wang. 2013. Genome sequence of ground tit Pseudopodoces humilis and its adaptation to high altitude. Genome Biol . 4: R29 http://genomebiology.com/2013/14/3/R29 Cai, T, A Cibois, P Alström, RG Moyle, JD Kennedy, S Shao, R Zhang, M Irestedt, PGP Ericson, M Gelang, Y Qu, F Lei and J Fjeldså. 2019. Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world’s babblers (Aves: Passeriformes), Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 130: 346-356 Cai, T, S Shao, JD Kennedy, P Alström, RG Moyle, Y Qu, F Lei and J Fjeldså. 2020. The role of evolutionary time, diversification rates and dispersal in determining the global diversity of a large radiation of passerine birds. J. Biogeogr . 00: 1-14. doi10.1111/jbi.13823 Campbell, O and N Moran. 2016. Phenology of spring landbird migration through Abu Dhabi island, United Arab Emirates, 2007-2014. Sandgrouse 38(1): 28-70

Campbell, O, M Smiles and S Lloyd. 2016. First record of Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis in the United Arab Emirates. Sandgrouse 38(2): 152-155.

Campbell, O, S Javid, A al Dhaheri, AE al Omari, P Soorae and A al Dhaheri. 2018. Al Wathba Wetland Reserve, Abu Dhabi emirate: successful mixing of birds and people. Sandgrouse Supp. 4: 73-84.

Campbell, O, M Smiles and S Lloyd. 2020. The first records of Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus for the United Arab Emirates and the Arabian peninsula with notes on their identification. Sandgrouse 42(1): 100-110.

Campbell, O and M Smiles. 2019a. Notable breeding records from a recently establshed anthropogenic, agricutural, site in the United Arab Emirates. Sandgrouse 41(1): 18-31.

Campbell, O and M Smiles. 2020. An unprecedented influx of Black-throated Thrushes Turdus atrogularis to the United Arab Emirates in winter 2016/17. Sandgrouse 42(1): 84-91.

Capito, CE. 1931. Some birds from the North West corner of Fars, Persia.J Bombay NHS XXXIV(IV): 922-935.

Carter, D and C Bourne. 2012. First record of House Crow Corvus splendens in Cyprus. In: Richardson, C, S Christodoulides and N Cottle. 2012. Cyprus Bird Report 2011 : 144. BirdLife Cyprus. Nicosia, Cyprus.

Castell, P and GM Kirwan. 2005. Will the real Sykes's Warbler please stand up? Breeding data support specific status for Hippolais rama and H. caligata , with comments on the Arabian population of 'booted warbler'. Sandgrouse 27(1): 30-36.

CBR11 = Cyprus Bird Report 2011 . (see Richardson, C, S Christodoulides and N Cottle. 2012). BirdLife Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Ceresa, F, EJ Belda, J Gómez, IJ Miñana, L Soler, J Villarroya and JS Monrós. 2016. Differences in time and space use between two sympatric Acrocephalus warblers with similar diets. Bird Styudy 63(2): 172-180.

Chandran, A. 2017. Identification of Sand Martins Riparia riparia in southern India. Malabar Trogon 15(3): 26=35.

Cheke, RA, CF Mann and R Allen. 2001. Sunbirds; a guide to the sunbirds, spiderhunters, flowerpeckers and sugarbirds of the world . Helm. London. UK.

Chen, Y-C, M Nazarizadeh, F-M Lei, X-J Yang, C-T Yao, F Dong, L Dong, F-S Zou, SV Drovetski, Y Liu, CC Huang and CM. Hung. 2019. The niches of nuthatches affect their lineage evolution differently across latitude. Mol. Ecol . MEC-18-0793.R3 Cheng, Y, B Gao, H Wang, N Han, S Shao, S Wu, G Song, YE Zhang, X Zhu, X Lu, Y Qu and F Lei. 2017. Evolution of beak morphology in the Ground Tit revealed by comparative transcriptomics. Frontiers in Zool. 14: 58. doi 10.1186/s12983-017-0245-6

Cheraghi, S and M Tohdifar. 2010. First record of Ultramarine Flycatcher Ficedula superciliaris in Iran and the Middle East. Sandgrouse 32(1): 37-38.

Cibois, A. 2003. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of babblers (Timaliidae). The Auk 120: 35-54.

Cibois, A, M Gelang, P Alström, E Pasquet, J Fjeldsaå, PGP Ericson and U Olsson. 2018. Comprehensive phylogeny of the laughingthrushes and allies (Aves, Leiothrichidae) and a proposal for a revised taxonomy. Zool. Scripta. 2018: 1-13. doi: 10.1111/zsc.12296 Cleere, N and D Kelly. 2009. Status of selected migrant species in Kuwait: observations and ringing, spring 1997. Sandgrouse 31(1): 61-67.

Clement, P. 2010. Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs ) & Blue Chaffinch (F. teydea ) species accounts. In: del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, J Sargatal, DA Christie and E de Juana. (Eds) HBW 15, pp513-515 . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Clement, P, A Harris and J Davis.1993. Finches and Sparrows . Helm. London.UK.

C&H = Clement, P and R Hathway. 2002. Thrushes . Helm. A&C Black. London.UK.

Clement, P and C Rose. 2015. Robins and Chats . Christopher Helm. London, UK.

Clements, A. 1990. A record of Banded Martin Riparia cincta from Egypt. Sandgrouse 12: 55-56.

Clements, JF. 2000. Birds of the World – A Checklist . Pica. Robertsbridge. UK.

Clements, JF. 2007. The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World, 6th edn . Christopher Helm. A&C Black. London. UK.

Clements, JF. 2009. v6.4. Downloaded Jan 2010, http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/corrections/Dec09

Collar, NJ. 2006. A partial revision of the Asian babblers (Timalaiidae). Forktail 22: 85-112.

Collar, NJ. 2007. Taxonomic update: Species-level changes proposed for Asian birds, 2005-2006. Birding Asia 8:14-30.

Collar, NJ. 2013. The 2011 Bernard Tucker Memorial Lecture - A species is whatever I say it is. Brit. Birds 106: 130-142.

Collar, N. 2017. Species-level changes proposed for Asian birds in 2016, and discoveries of new taxa. BirdingASIA 28: 12-22

Collar, NJ and JD Pilgrim. 2007. Species-level changes proposed for Asian birds, 2005-2006. BirdingASIA 8: 14-30.

Colston, PR and H Shirihai. 1986. The first example of the Rufous Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla dukhunensis for the Western Palearctic, from the Negev Desert, Israel. Sandgrouse 7: 62-63.

Cornwallis, L and RF Porter. 1982. Spring observations on the birds of North Yemen. OSME Bulletin 4:1-36.

Corso, A. 2004. The first Upcher's Warbler Hippolais languida in Cyrus. Sandgrouse 26(1): 67.

Corso, A, O Janni, M Viganò, R Finato, H Larsson, I Maiorano and L Miniscalco. 2019. Pallas's Reed Bunting at Linosa, Italy in October 2017, with remarks on identification pitfalls of juvenile plumage. Dutch Birding 40(6): 389-400.

Cowan, PJ. 2008. Anthropogenic impacts on the Desert lark Ammomanes deserti of Jebel Hafit, Abu Dhabi Emirate. Sandgrouse 30(2): 150-152.

Cowan, PJ and CWT Pilcher. 2003. The status of desert birds in Kuwait. Sandgrouse 25(2): 122-125.

Cowles, SA and JAC Uy. 2019. Rapid, complete reproductive isolation in two closely related Zosterops White-eye bird species despite broadly overlapping ranges. Evolution . https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13800.

Cox, SC, RP Prŷs-Jones, JC Habel, BA Amakobe and JJ Day. 2014. Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African island white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae). Mol. Evol . 23: 4103-4118

Cracraft, J, FK Barker and A Cibois. 2003. Avian higher-level phylogenetics and the Howard and Moore checklist of birds. In: Dickinson, EC. 2003. (Ed). The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world . 3rd edn. Christopher Helm. London. UK. Crane, A. 2012. The Eastern Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides at Mandria Beach, Paphos 24th November 2011. In: Richardson, D, S Christodoulides and N Cottle. 2012. Cyprus Bird Report 2011:145-146. BirdLfe Cyprus. Nicosia, Cyprus.

Dadam, D, RA Robinson, A Clements, W Peach, M Bennett, JM Rowcliffe and AA Cunningham. 2019. Avian malaria-mediated population decline of a widespread iconic bird species. R. Soc. open sci . 6: 182197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.182197

Dahl, SK. 1954. [Fauna of the Armenian SSR. Vertebrates ]. Academy of Sciences Press. Yerevan. Armenia. [In Russian].

Dai, C, K Chen, R Zhang, X Yang, Z Yin, H Tiang, Z Zhang, Y Hu and F Lei. 2010. Molecular phylogenetic analysis among species of Paridae, Remizidae and Aegithalos based on mtDNA sequences of COI and cyt b. Chinese Birds 1(2): 112-123.

David N and M Gosselin. 2002. The grammatical gender of avian genera. Bull. BOC 122 (4): 257-282.

Dement'ev, GP and NA Gladkov. 1968. Bitds of the Soviet Union . Vol 6. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. {English translation of the 1954 Russian original: PtitsySovetskogo Soyuza . Sovetskaya Nauka, Moscow.]

Dernjatin, P. 2005. Chokpak - Central Asian songbirds. Alula 2005(2): 50-58.

Dettori, M and I Moldován. 2011. The first record of Yellow-throated Sparrow xanthocollis in Egypt. Sandgrouse 33(2): 112-113

Dickinson, EC. 2003. (Ed). The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3rd edn . Christopher Helm. London. UK.

Dickinson, EC. 2006. Systematic Notes on Asian Birds 62. A preliminary review of the Sittidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 80: 225-240

Dickinson, EC. 2008. The name of the easternmost population of Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos . Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 128: 141-142.

Dickinson, EC and RWRJ Dekker. 2001a. Systematic notes on Asian birds 11. A preliminary review of the Alaudidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 335: 61-84

Dickinson, EC and RWRJ Dekker. 2001b. Systematic notes on Asian birds 13. A preliminary review of the Hirundinidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 335: 127-143

Dickinson, EC, RWRJ Dekker, S Eck and S Somadikarta. 2001. Systematic notes on Asian Birds. 12. Types of the Alaudidae. Zool. Verhand. Leiden . 335: 85-126.

Dickinson, EC and SMS Gregory. 2002. Systematic notes on Asian birds 24. On the priority of the name Hypsipetes Vigors 1831 and the division of the broad genus of that name. Zool. Verh . Leiden 340: 75-91

Dickinson, EC and SMS Gregory. 2006. Systematic notes on Asian birds 55. A re-examination of the date of publication of Jerdon’s Second Supplement to the Catalogue of the Birds of southern India. Zool. Med. Leiden 80: 169-178

Dickinson, EC, S Eck and J Martens. 2004. Systematic notes on Asian birds 44. A preliminary review of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350: 85-109

Dickinson, EC and L Christidis. 2014. The Howard and Moore checklist of Birds of the World. 4th edn. Vol 2. Passerines@ Aves Press.Eastbourne, UK.

Dickinson, EC, R Schodde, S Kullander, PA Crochet A Elliot and G Kirwan. 2014. Correcting the "correct"name for the Asian Brown Flycatcher (Aves: Passeriformes, Muscicapidae, Muscicapa ). Zootaxa 3869(3): 343-347

Donald, PF and S Christodoulides. 2018. The 2007 record of 'Dunn's Lark' on Cyprus revisited, with notes on the separation of Dunn's Lark Eremelauda dunni and Arabian Lark E. eremodites. Sandgrouse 40(1): 17-24.

Dong, L, J Lei, Y Liu and Q Wei. 2010. The China Bird Report Checklist of Birds of China v1.2 . 13 Dec 2010. https://sites.google.com/site/cbrchinabirdlist/ 13 Dec 2010 van Doren, BM, L Campagna, B Helm, JCarlos Illera, IJ Lovette and M Liedvoge. 2017. Correlated patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation across an avian family. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/097733.

Dora, A. 2019. Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse and other interesting observations at Gebel Elba, Egypt, in 2013-2018. Dutch Birding 41(1): 41-45.

Dove, CJ, J Saucier, JF Whatton, B Schmidt and HR Roble. 2017. First record of River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis and additional records for Plain Nightjar Caprimulgus inornatus and Lesser Masked Weaver Ploceus intermedius in Djibouti. Bull. BOC. 137(1): 67-70. Dowsett, RJ and AD Forbes-Watson. 1993. Checklist of birds of the Afrotropical and Malagasy regions . Liège, Belgium: Tauraco Press.

Drovetski, SV, G Semenov, SS Drovetskaya, IV Fadeev, YA Red’kin and G Voelker. 2013. Geographic mode of speciation in a mountain specialist Avian family endemic to the Palearctic. Ecol. & Evol. 1-11. doi: 10.1002/ece3.539

Drovetski, SV, M Rakovic´, G Semenov, IV Fadeev IV and YA, Red’kin. 2014. Limited Phylogeographic Signal in Sex-Linked and Autosomal Loci Despite Geographically, Ecologically, and Phenotypically Concordant Structure of mtDNA Variation in the Holarctic Avian Genus Eremophila. PLoS ONE 9(1): e87570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087570 Drovetski, SV, AB Reeves, YA Red'kin IV Fadeev, EA Koblik, VN Sotnikov and G Voelker. 2018. Multi-locus reassessment of a striking discord between mtDNA gene trees and taxonomy across two congeneric species complexes. Mol Phyl & Evol 120: 43–52. Dufour, P, L Sallé, C de Franceschi, A Morisot and B Delahaie. 2020. Are Red-rumped Swallows starting to winter in the Western Palearctic? Dutch Birding 42(2): 111-113.

Dufourny, H. 2006. First record of Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach for Jordan. Sandgrouse 28(1): 73-76.

Eaton, JA, B van Balen, NW Brickle, and FE Rheindt. 2016. Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and Wallacea. Lynx Edicions. Barcelona, Spain.

Eck, S and J Martens. 2006. Systematic notes on Asian birds 49. A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remizdae and Paridae. Zool. Med. Leiden 80-5(1): 1-63.

Edenius, L. C-Y Choi, W Heim, T Jaakkonen, A de Jong, K Ozaki and J-M Roberge. 2016. The next common and widespread bunting to go? Global population decline in the Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica . Bird Cons. Int. 1-10. BirdLife International. doi:10.1017/S0959270916000046 van Els, P and ML Brady 2014. Specimen of Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura from the Islamic Republic of Iran. Bull BOC 134(2): 160–162.

Elmberg, J 1993. Song differences between North American and European White-winged Crossbills (Loxia leucoptera ). Auk 110: 385.

Ergen, AG and YS Barış. 2016. First record of Black-throated Accentor, Prunella atrogularis (Brandt, 1884), in Turkey, Zool. ME . doi: 10.1080/09397140.2016.1257405

Eriksen, J. 2018. Socotra and Arabian Golden-winged Grosbeaks. Sandgrouse Supplement 4: Photospot 35-38.

Eriksen, J and MC Jennings. 2006. First breeding of Red-tailed Shrike in Arabia. Phoenix 22: 1-2.

Eriksen, J and R Victor. 2013. Oman Bird List 7th edn. The official list of the birds of the Sultamate of Oman . Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University. Oman

Eriksen, H, J Eriksen, S al-Saadi and DE Sargeant. 2001. The discovery of Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosa in Arabia. Sandgrouse 23(2): 130-133.

Ertan, KT. 2006. The evolutionary history of Eurasian redstarts, Phoenicurus . Acta Zool. 52 (Supp): 310-313.

Erritzøe, J, CF Mann, F Brammer, and RA Fuller. 2012. Cuckoos of the World . Christopher Helm, London.

Fazaa, NA, JC Dunn and MJ Whittingham. 2017. Distributions and Community Composition of Birds in Iraq’s Central Marsh. Hindawi Intl. J. Biodiversity . Article ID 4198690. doi.org/10.1155/2017/4198690

F&C = Feare, C and A Craig. 1998. Starlings and Mynas . Helm. London. UK.

Fedorenko, VA. 2018. Новый подвид Горихвостки-Чернушки – Phoenicurus ochruros murinus subsp. nov . из Алтайско-Саянской горной страны и актуальный ареал Горихвостки-Чернушки [A new subspecies of the Black Redstart – Phoenicurus ochruros murinus subsp. nov. from the Altai-Sayan mountainous country and the current breeding range of the Black Redstart.] Proc. Zool.Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci . 322(2): 108–128. Black Redstart.] Feldman, CR and KE Omland. 2005. Phylogenetics of the Common Raven complex (Corvus : Corvidae) and the utility of ND4, COI and intron 7 of the b-fibrinogen gene in avian molecular systematics. Zool. Scr. 34: 145-156.

Ferguson-Lees, IJ. 1968. Auch jordaniens Wüste lebt: Wir verbraten dreimal den Frühling in Asraq. Vogel-Kosmos 5(1): 4-9.

Fishpool, LDC and JA Tobias. 2005. Family Pycnonotidae (Bulbuls). In: del Hoyo, J, A Elliott and C Christie. (Eds). Handbook of Birds of the World, Vol 10. 124-250. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Flint, PR. 2019. Long-term changes in the numbers and abundance of regularly breeding species on Cyprus: a review. Sandgrouse 41(1): 36-70.

Flint, PR and PF Stewart. 1992. The Birds of Cyprus, 2nd edn. BOU. Tring. Herts. UK.

Flint, P and A McArthur. 2014. Is the Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala displacing the endemic Cyprus Warbler S. melanothorax on Cyprus? Sandgrouse 36(1): 63-109.

Flint, P. 2011. Why has only one wheatear Oenanthe species colonised Cyprus? Sandgrouse 33(2): 149-162

Flint, VE, RL Boehme, YV Kostin and AA Kuznetsov. 1984. Birds of the USSR . Princeton University Press. New Jersey. USA.

Fok, KW, CMWade and DT Parkin. 2002. Inferring the phylogeny of disjunct populations of the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus from mitochondrial control region sequences. Proc. R Soc. B 269: 1671-1679. Förschler MI, F Khoury F Bairlein and M Aliabadian. 2010a. Phylogeny of the mourning wheatear Oenanthe lugens complex. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 56(2): 758-67.

Förschler MI, F Khoury F Bairlein and M Aliabadian. 2010b. Corrigendum to "Phylogeny of the mourning wheatear Oenanthe lugens complex. [Mol. Phyl. Evol. 56(2): 758-67]. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 57(1): 483-4.

Fox, AD and S Bearhop. 2008. The use of stable-isotope ratios in ornithology. Brit. Birds. 101:112-130.

Frankis, MP. 1991. Krüper's Nuthatch Sitta krueperi and Turkish Pine Pinus brutia : an evolving association? Sandgrouse 13(2): 92-97.

Fraser, PA, MJ Rogers and the British Birds Rarities Committee. 2007. Report on the rare birds of Great Britain in 2005 – Part 2: passerines. Brit Birds 100: 72-104.

Fry, CH and DA Smith. 1985. A new swallow from the Red Sea. Ibis 127: 1-6

Fregin, S. 2012. Molecular systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea with special regard to the families Acrocephalidae and Locustellidae (Aves: Passeriformes). PhD dissertation, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald

Fregin, S, M Haase, U Olsson and P Alström. 2009. Multi-locus phylogeny of the family Acrocephalidae (Aves: Passeriformes) – The traditional taxonomy overthrown. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 52: 866-878.

Fregin S, M Haase, U Olsson & P Alström. 2012. New insights into family relationships within the avian superfamily Sylvioidea (Passeriformes) based on seven molecular markers. BMC Evol. Biol. 12:157 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-157

Fuchs, J, RCK Bowie, J Fjeldså and E Pasquet. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of the African bush-shrikes and helmet-shrikes (Passeriformes: Malaconotidae). Mol. Phyl. Evol. 33: 428-439

Fuchs, J, DH de Swardt, G Oatley, J Fjeldså and RCK Bowie. 2018. Habitat-driven diversification, hybridization and cryptic diversity in the Fork-tailed Drongo (Passeriformes: Dicruridae: Dicrurus adsimilis ). Zool. Scrip . 47: 266–284. doi10.1111/zsc.12274

Fuchs, J, P Alström, R Yosef and U Olsson. 2019. (In prep). Miocene diversification of an open-habitat predatorial passerine radiation, the shrikes (Aves: Passeriformes: Laniidae). (submitted to Zool. Scripta )

Garfield, B. 2007. The Meinertzhagen mystery – the life and legend of a colossal fraud . Potomac. Washington DC. USA. (Cited in ORL hypothetical list.)

Garner, M, Y Perlman, Y Kiat and J Martin Collinson. 2015. Water Pipits: three species rather than one? Brit. Birds 108: 42-48.

Gauger, K and C Völlm. 2008a. Bird sites of the OSME Region - 4. el Gouna, near Hurghada, Egypt. Sandgrouse 30(1): 104-108.

Gauger, K and C Völlm. 2008b. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata - a new species for Egypt. Sandgrouse 30(2): 138-139.

Gavrilov, EI and EA Gavrilov. 2001. Migration at Chokpak, Kazakhstan Sandgrouse 23(2): 90-100.

G&G = Gavrilov, EI and AE Gavrilov. 2005. The Birds of Kazakhstan: abridged edn. Tethys Ornithological Research. Almaty. Kazakhstan.

Gelang, M, A Cibois, E Pasquet, U Olsson, P Alström and PGP Ericson. 2009. Phylogeny of babblers (Aves, Passeriformes): major lineages, family limits and classification. Zool.Scripta 38: 225-236. al Ghanem, K. 2013. The first Mesopotamian Crow for Arabia. Phoenix 29: 1. al-Ghanem, K and A al-Sirhan. 2015. Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus , first breeding in Kuwait and the Arabian peninsula. Sandgrouse 37(1): 13-15.

Gholamhosseini, A, M Aliabadian, J Darvish, T Töpfer and G-P Sætre. 2017. An expanding hybrid zone between Black-headed and Red-headed Buntings in northern Iran. Ardea 105(1): 27-36.

Ghorbani, F, M Aliabadian, U Olsson, PF Donald, AA Khan and P Alström. 2019. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the genus Eremophila confirms underestimated species diversity in the Palearctic. J. Orn . doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01714-2

Ghorbani, F, M Aliabadian, R Zhang, M Irested, Y Hao, S Gombobaater, F Lei, M Ma, U Olsson and Per Alström. 2020. Densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Lesser Short-toed Lark (Alaudala rufescens ) - Sand Lark (A. raytal ) species complex (Aves, Passeriformes) reveal cryptic diversity. Zool. Scripta 00: 1-13. doi: 10.1111/zsc.12422 Gill, F, and M Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. Princeton University Press. Princeton New Jersey. USA/Christopher Helm. London. UK

Gill, FB, B Slikas and FH Sheldon. 2005. Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Auk 122: 121-143.

Gökeri, B and WJ Fuller. 2012. The first record of Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys sanguineus . Sandgrouse 34(1): 67-68. Golovatin, MG and VA Sokolov. 2017. Distribution of Yellow Wagtail forms (in the) Motacilla flava complex in the north of Western Siberia, Russia. Open Orn. J. 10: 1-9.

Gombobaatar, S and C Leahy. 2019. Birds of Mongolia . Helm Field Guides. London. UK.

Goodman, SM, PL Meininger and WC Mullié. 1986. The Birds of the Egyptian Western Desert. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. Ann Arbor, MI. USA.

Goodman, SM, PL Meininger, S Baha el Din, JJ Hobbs and WC Mullié. 1989. The Birds of Egypt . OUP. Oxford. UK.

Gokhelashvili, R. Supplied Georgia bird species list . (Georgian Center Conservation of Wildlife) at [email protected]

Gol, SAT, A Moody and M Tohidifar. 2014. The First Record of Pallas's Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus in Ran. Sandgrouse 36(2): 189-190.

Gonzales, J, M Wink, E Garcia-del-Rey and GD Castro. 2008. Evidence from DNA nucleotide sequences and ISSR profiles indicates paraphyly in subspecies of Southern Grey Shrike (Lanius meridionalis ). J Ornithol 149: 495-506.

Gottschling M, S Pfützke and F Weiβ. 2015. Plain Leaf Warblers near Van Gölü, Turkey, in June 2004. Dutch Birding 37(2): 107-109.

Gregory, G. 2002. The captive origin of bird species in Kuwait. Sandgrouse 24(2): 122-129.

Gregory, G. 2008. Common Babbler – a New Breeding Species for Arabia. Phoenix 24: 1.

Gregory, G and K al-Nasrallah. 2001. The establishment of Bank Mynah Acridotheres gingianus as a breeding species in Kuwait. Sandgrouse 23 (2): 134-139.

Grieve, A. 1992. First record of Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus aedon in Egypt. Sandgrouse 14 (2): 123-124.

Grieve, A, M Baha el-Din and S Baha el-Din. 2001. The occurrence of Long-billed Pipit Anthis similis in Egypt. Sandgrouse 23(1): 39-43.

Grieve, A, F Khoury and K Nassar. 2004. The first Black Bush Robins Cercotrichas podobe in Jordan - a prelude to colonisation? Sandgrouse 26(2): 151-152.

Grimmett, R, C Inskipp and T Inskipp. 1998. The Birds of the Indian Subcontinent . Helm. London. UK.

Grimmett, R, T Roberts and T Inskipp. 2009. The Birds of Pakistan. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

Groenendijk, D and TJC Luijendijk. 2011. Variation and difference in song between Western Bonelli's Warbler and Eastern Bonelli's Warbler. Dutch Birding 33(1): 1-9.

Gubiani, R, SB Muzaffar and T Pedersen. 2013. First record of Mesopotamian Crow Corvus corone capellanus in United Arab Emirates. Sandgrouse 35(2): 138-139.

Guillaumet, A, JM Pons, B Godelle, and PA Crochet. 2006. History of the Crested Lark in the Mediterranean region as revealed by mtDNA sequences and morphology. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 39: 645-656.

Guillaumet A, Crochet P-A, & Pons J-M. 2008. Climate-driven diversification in two widespread Galerida larks. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8:32.

Gül, O and M Atahan. 2011. A new breeding location for Spectacled Warblers Sylvia conspicillata in Turkey. Sandgrouse 33(1): 4-6

Haas, M, P-A Crochet, GG Koerkamp, Vyu Arkhipov and VM. Loskot. 2013. Occurrence of Pallas's Rosefinch in the Western Palearctic. Dutch Birding 35(3): 169-179

Haas, M. 2017. Extremely rare birds in the Western Palearctic: update 2009-16. Dutch Birding 39(3): 145-182.

Hamedanian, A. 1997. Observations of Pleske's Ground Jay Podoces pleskei in central Iran. Sandgrouse 19(2): 88-91.

Hamidi, N. 2006. Second report of Orienal White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus in Iran at Khoor-e Khalasi, Jask, Hormozgan, southern Iran. Podoces 1 (1/2): 35.

Hansbro, P and D Sargeant. 1999. The first Red-billed Oxpecker Buphagus erythrorhyncus in Yemen and the Middle East. Sandgrouse 21 (2): 181-182.

Hansbro, P and D Sargeant. 2000. Interesting ornithological observations from Yemen in spring 1998. Sandgrouse 22(1): 71-74. Haring, E, A Gamauf and A Kryukov. 2007. Phylogeographic patterns in widespread corvid birds. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 45: 840-862.

Haring, E, B Däubl, W Pinsker, A Kryukov and A Gamauf. 2012. Genetic divergences and intraspecific variation in corvids of the genus Corvus (Aves: Passeriformes: Corvidae) – a first survey based on museum specimens. J Zool Syst Evol Res doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00664.x H&Q = Harrap, S and D Quinn. 1996. Tits, Nuthatches & Treecreepers . Helm. A&C Black. London. UK.

Harris, RB, P Alström, A Ödeen† and AD Leaché. 2017. Discordance between genomic divergence and phenotypic variation in a rapidly evolving avian genus (Motacilla ). J. Avian Biol . doi:10.1111/jav.01612

H&F = Harris, T and K Franklin. 2000. Shrikes & Bush-Shrikes . Helm. London. UK.

Harrison, I and D Sargeant. 2005. First breeding of Bay-backed Shrike in Arabia. Phoenix 21: 28.

Harrop, AJ. 2007. Eastern promise: the arrival of far-eastern passerine vagrants in autumn. Brit Birds 100: 105-111.

Hatchwell, BJ. 2005. Family Prunellidae (Accentors). In: del Hoyo, J, A Elliott and D Christie. (Eds). Handbook of Birds of the World , pp. 496–513. Lynx Edicions. Barcelona, Spain. Heiss, M. 2013. Spotted Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes : a new species for Azerbaijan. Sandgrouse 35(1): 39-42.

Heiss, M, K Gauger, C Himmel, P Fetting, TA Haraldsson, G Caucal, Z Fәrәcli and E Sultanov. 2020. The development of the Besh Barmag Bird Migration Count in Azerbaijan and its importance for the monitoring of Eurasian migrant birds. Sandgrouse 42(1): 29-45. Helbig, A and I Seibold. 1999. Molecular phylogeny of Palearctic-African Acrocephalus and Hippolais warblers (Aves: Sylviidae). Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 11: 246-260.

Hellicar, M. 2016. Ten years of the BirdLife Cyprus Common Birds Monitoring Scheme (CBMS), 2006-2015: Population trends and population size estimates for Cyprus common breeding birds. Report on Status of Common Birds in Cyprus , 2015: 1.33

Hellström,M and G Norevik. 2014. The uppertail-covert pattern of 'Stejneger's Stonechat'. British Birds 107: 692-700.

Hendriks, FT. 2007. Kazakhstan birding trip report. Website: www.eurobirding.com.

Hendricks, P and NAM Verbeek. 2012. American Pipit (Anthus rubescens ). In: Poole, A. (Ed). The Birds of North America Online , 95. Cornell Lab Orn.. Ithaca, NY. http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/095

Hering, J, S Brehme, E Fuchs and H Winkler. 2009. Zimrohrsänger Acrocephalus baeticatus und "Mangroversänger" A. scirpaceus avicenniae erstmals in der Paläarktis - Irritierendes aus den Schilfrörichten Nordafrikas. Limicola 23: 202-232.

Hering, J, S Brehme, E Fuchs and H Winkler. 2010a: African Reed Warblers and Mangrove Reed Warblers in Libya and Egypt – both new to the Western Palearctic. Birding World 23: 218-219.

Hering, J, E Fuchs and H Winkler. 2010b. Neues zum Vorkommen und zur Brutbiologie von Zimtrohrsänger Acrocephalus baeticatus und Teichrohrsänger A. scirpaceus in Libyen. Limicola 24: 117-139.

Hering, J, H Hering, E Fuchs and W Heim. 2014. Die Amsel Turdus merula als Brutvogel in der Sahara - erfolgreich bei 50°C und Wüstensturm. Vogelwarte 52: 337-338.

Hering, J, H Hering and HA Rayaleh. 2015. First records for Djibouti of Hottentot Teal Anas hottentota , Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis , Savi's Warbler Locustella lusciniodes and Mangrove Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus avicenniae . Bull. ABC 22(1): 78-82. Hering, J, H Winkler and FD Steinheimer. 2016. A new subspecies of Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus in Egypt. Bull. BOC. 136(2): 101-128.

Hering, J, E Fuchs, W Heim, H-J Eilts, PH Bartel and H Winkler. 2017. Mangrove Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus avicenniae at the Red Sea in Egypt. Bull. ABC 24(1): 49-62.

Hering, J, S Fischer, O Geiter, S Siegel, H-J Eilts, E Fuchs, MI Habib and E Davies. 2019. Breeding population of African Pied Wagtail at Lake Nasser, Egypt. Dutch Birding 41(4): 238-244.

Hernández, MA, F Campos, F Gutiérrez-Corchero and A Amezcua. 2004. Identification of Lanius species and subspecies using tandem repeats in the mitochondrial DNA control region. Ibis 146: 227-230

Hilgerloh, G and B Raddatz. 2009. Weight gains by re-trapped passerine migrants at an artificially vegetated site, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Sandgrouse 31(1): 57-60.

Hirschfeld, E and R King 1992. The statuis of some escaped species in Bahrain. Phoenix 9: 11-13.

Hooper, DM, U Olsson and P Alström. 2016. The Rusty-tailed Flycatcher (Muscicapa ruficauda ; Aves: Muscicapidae) is a member of the genus Ficedula . Mol. Phyl. Evol. Accepted. Hopkins, JR. 2005. Kazakhstan bird species list . (Personally assembled). Word document. del Hoyo, J, NJ Collar, DA Christie, A Elliott, LDC Fishpool, P Boesman, and GM Kirwan. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines . Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK. H&E 1970 = Hüé, F and RD Etchécopar. 1970. Les Oiseaux du Proche et du Moyen Orient . Éditions N Boubée et Cie. Paris. France.

Hume, JP and M Walters. 2012. Extinct Birds. T&AD Poyser. London, UK. (App 1: Data-deficient taxa; Red Sea Swallow Hirunda perdita. pp355-356.)

Hung, C-M and RM Zink. 2014. Distinguishing the effects of selection from demographic history in the genetic variation of two sister passerines based on mitochondrial––nuclear comparison. Heredity . 1-10. doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.9

Huntley, B, RE Green, YC Collingham and SG Willis. 2007. A climatic atlas of European breeding birds. Durham University, UK; RSPB, Sandy, UK; Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. (In association with BirdLife International and the European Bird Census Council). Husemann, M, S Sturm, M Curto, H Meimberg and JC Habel. 2016. Four new mitochondrial genomes of the genus Zosterops (Aves: Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) from East Africa with a phylogenetic evaluation of the group. MtDNA Part B 1(1): 544-548. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1198937 Illera, JC, DS Richardson, B Helm, JC Atienza and BC Emerson. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships, biogeography and speciation in the avian genus Saxicola . Mol. Phyl. Evol . 48: 1145-1154.

Illera, JC, K Koivula, J Broggi, M Päckert, J Martens and L Kvist. 2011. A multigene approach reveals a complex evolutionary history in the Cyanistes species group. Mol. Ecol . 20: 4123-4139.

Illera, JC, AM Palmero, P Laiolo, F Rodriguez,ÁC Moreno and M Navascués. 2014. Genetic, morphological and acoustic evidence reveals lack of diversification in the colonization process of an island bird. doi 10.1111/evo.12429

Illera. JC, LG Spurgin, E Rodriguez-Exposito, M Nogales and JC Rando. 2016. What are we learning about speciation and extinction from the Canary Islands? Ardeola 63(1): 15-33

Inger, R and S Bearhop. 2008. Applications of stable isotope analyses to avian ecology. Ibis 150: 447-461

Inouye, CY, GE Hill, RD Stradi and R Montgomerie. 2001. Carotenoid pigments in male house finch plumage in relation to age, subspecies, and ornamental coloration. Auk 118: 900–915.

Inskipp, T and C Inskipp. 1979. Jalalabad, eastern Afghanistan. OSME Bulletin 2: 3-5.

Inskipp, T, N Lindsey and WA Duckworth. 1996. An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of the Oriental Region . OBC. Sandy. Beds. UK.

Inskipp, T, N Lindsey and WA Duckworth. 2001. Checklist of the Birds of the Oriental Region, 2001. www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/checklist - download 2001 update

Inskipp, TP, NJ Collar, SP Mahood and JD Pilgrim. 2011. Taxonomic update: species-level and other interesting changes for Asian birds 2010. BirdingASIA 16: 51-61

Inskipp, TP and NJ Collar. 2015. Notable taxonomic changes proposed for Asian birds in 2014. BirdingASIA 24: 64-71.

IOC. 2006 et seq ≡ Gill, F, M Wright and D Donsker. 2006 et seq . IOC World Bird English Names Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org. Frequently accessed

IOC10.1 et seq ≡ Rasmussen, P and D Donsker 2020 et seq IOC World Bird List/IOC World English Names: avaialble at https://www.worldbirdnames.org/

Irwin, DE, AS Rubtsov and EN Panov. 2009. Mitochondrial introgression and replacement between yellowhammers (Emberiza citrinella ) and pine buntings (Emberiza leucocephalos ) (Aves: Passeriformes). Biol. J. Lin. Soc . 98: 422-438.

Isenmann, P and M-A Bouchet. 1991. L’aire de distribution française et le statut taxinomique de la Pie-grièche grise méridionale Lanius elegans meridionalis . Alauda 61(4): 221-227.

Isenmann, P and N Lefranc. 1994. Le statut taxinomique taxinomique de la Pie-grièche grise méridionale Lanius meridionalis (Temminck 1820). Alauda 62(3): 138

Isenmann, P and M Thévenot. 2018. Endémisme et Différenciation Taxinomique chez les oiseaux nicheurs terrestres en Afrique du Nord. Alauda 86 (2): 117-152

Isenmann, P, J Hering, S Brehme, M Essghaier, K Etayeb, E Bourass and H Azafzaf. 2016. Oiseaux de Libye/Birds of Libya. SEO France. National Museum of Natural History, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.

Israel Birding Website - Birds of Israel Checklist. 2008. http://www.israbirding.com/checklist/

Ivanov, IA. 1940. Ptitsy Tadjikistana [Birds of Tajikistan]. In: Proc. Tajik Ac. Sc. USSR; Vol.10 . ML. Publ. House Ac. Sc. USSR. Moscow USSR. James, S. The Blyth's Pipit story. Emirates Bird Report 18: 110-112.

James, HF, PGP Ericson, B Slikas, F-M Lei, FB Gill and SL Olson. 2003. Pseudopodoces humilis , a misclassified terrestrial tit (Paridae) of the Tibetan Plateau: evolutionary consequences of shifting adaptive zones. Ibis 145: 185-202.

Jenner, T and M Taha. 2016. Use of sewage ponds by birds in Khartoum State, Sudan and their influence on bird distribution in the region. Bull, ABC 23(2): 185-198.

Jennings, MC. 2004a. Breeding birds in central Arabia 1978-2003. Sandgrouse 26(1): 35-47.

Jennings, MC. 2004b. Exotics breeding in Arabian cities. Phoenix 20: 2-4.

Jennings, MC. 2005. Red Bishop – New breeding exotic? Phoenix 21: 4.

Jennings, MC, 2007a. New Breeding Exotic: Yellow-crowned Bishop. Phoenix 23: 3-4.

Jennings, MC. 2007b. Sykes and Clamorous Reed Warblers at Khor Kalba. Phoenix 23: 4.

Jennings, MC. 2007c. Recent Reports. Phoenix 23: 16-18.

Jennings, MC. 2008a. Breeding Exotic – Superb Starling. Phoenix 24: 10.

Jennings, MC. 2008d. English and scientific names to be used from Phoenix 24 onwards. Excel Table.

Jennings, MC. 2010. Fuana of Arabia, Vol 25. Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Arabia . King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Saudi Wildlife Commission/Senckenberg Forschunginstitut und Naturmuseum. Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia/ Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Jiguet, F, R Arlettaz, H-G Bauer, V Belik, JL Copete, L Couzi, MA Czajkowski, S Dale, V Dombrovski, J Elts, Y Ferrand, R Hargues, GM Kirwan, S Minkevicius, M Piha, D Selstam, M Skierczyński, J-P Siblet and A Sokolov. 2016. An update of the European breeding population sizes and trends of the Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana ). Orn. Fenn . 93: 1-11. Jiguet, F, A Robert, R Lorrilliere, KA Hobson, KJ Kardynal, R Arlettaz, F Bairlein, V Belik, P Bernardy, JL Copete, MA Czajkowski, S Dale, V Dombrovski, D Ducros, R Efrat, J Elts, Y Ferrand, R Marja, S Minkevicius, P Olsson, M Perez, M Piha, M Raković, H Schmaljohann, T Seimola, G Selstam, J-P Siblet, M Skierczyǹski, A Sokolov, J Sondell and C Moussy. 2019a. Unravelling migration connectivity reveals unsustainable hunting of the declining ortolan bunting. Sci. Adv. 5: eaau2642. doi 10.1126/sciadv.aau2642 Jiguet, F, KJ Kardynal and KA Hobson. 2019b. Stable isotopes reveal captive vs wild origin of illegally captured songbirds in France. Forensic Sci. Intl . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109884 Jiguet, F, KJ Kardyna, M Piha, T Seimola, JL Copete, MA Czajkowski, V Dombrovski, R Efrat, S Minkevicius, M Raković, M Skierczyǹski and KA Hobson. 2019c. Stable isotopes reveal the common winter moult of central rectrices in a long-distance migrant songbird. J. Orn. ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01671-w Jobling, JA. 2010. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific names, from aalge to zusii. Christopher Helm,. London, UK.

Johansson, US, RCK Bowie and J Fjeldså. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships within Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes): a review and a new molecular phylogeny based on three nuclear intron markers. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 48: 858-876.

Johansson, US, J Ekman, RCK Bowie, P Halvarsson, JI Ohlson, TD Price and PGP Ericson. 2013. A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae). Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 69 (3): 852–860

Johnsen, A, S Andersson, J Garcia Fernandez, B Kempenaers, V Pavel, S Questiau, M Raess, E Rindal and JT Lifjeld. 2006. Molecular and phenotypic divergence in the bluethroat (Luscinia svecica ) subspecies complex. Mol. Ecol. 1-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 294X.2006.03075.x Johnsen, A, E Rindal, PGP Ericson, D Zuccon, KCR Kerr, MY Stoeckle and JT Lifyeld. 2010. DNA barcoding of Scandinavian birds reveals divergent lineages in transatlantic birds. J. Orn . (In press). doi 10.1007/s10336-009-0490-3

Jønsson, KA, RCK Bowie, RG Moyle, M Irestedt, L Christidis JA Norman and J Fjeldså. 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of Oriolidae (Aves, Passeriformes). Ecography 33: 232-241

Jønsson, KA, P-H. Fabre, JD Kennedy, BG Holt, MK Borregaard, C Rahbek, and J Fjeldså. 2016, A supermatrix phylogeny of corvoid passerine birds (Aves: Corvides). Mol. Phyl. Evol . 94: 87-94.

Jønsson,KA, MPK Blom, PZ Marki, L Joseph, G Sangster PGP Ericson and M Irestedt. 2019. Complete subspecies-level phylogeny of the Oriolidae (Aves: Passeriformes): Out of Australasia and return. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 137: 200-209.

Kaboli, M, M Aliabadian, M Todhifar, A Heshemi, SB Musavi and CS Roselaar. 2016. Atlas of Birds of Iran . Kharami Univ. Press. Karaj, Iran. [In Persian and English].

Kainady, PVD. 1969. Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch; a New Record for Iraq. Bull Iraq Nat Hist Mus . IV(1): 21 Kainady, PVD and FFM al-Joborae. 1974. Two additions to the Iraqi Avifauna. Bull Basrah Nat Hist Mus . 2: 51-53.

Kamp, J, S Oppel, AA Ananin, YA Durnev, SN Gashev, N Hölzel, AL Mishchenko, J Pessa, SM Smirenski, EG Strelnikov, S Timonen, K Wolanska and S Chan. 2015. Global population collapse in a superabundant migratory bird and illegal trapping in China. Cons. Biol . DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12537 Kehoe, C. 2006. Racial identification and assessment in Britain: a report from the RIACT sub-committee. British Birds 99: 619-645.

Kennerley, P and D Pearson. 2010. Reed and Bush Warblers . Helm. London, UK.

Kerr, KCR, MY Stoeckle, CJ Dove, LA Weigt, CM Francis and PDN Hebert. 2007. Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds. Mol. Ecol. Notes . (OnlineEarlyArticles) 17 Jan 07. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01670.x

Kerr, KCR, SM Birks, MV Kalyakin, YA Red'kin, EA Koblik and PDN Hebert.2009. Filling the gap - CO1 barcode resolution in eastern Palearctic birds. Frontiers in Zool. 6: 29-42.

Khaleghizadeh, A. 2019. Irruption of Bohemain Waxwings Bombycilla garrulus and Eurasin Bullfinches Pyrrhula pyrrhula in Iran in the winter of 2016/2017. Sandgrouse 41(1): 80-85.

Khaleghizadeh, A, DA Scott, M Tohidifar, SB Musavi, M Ghasemi, ME Sehhatisabet, A Ashoori, A Khani, P Bakhtiari, H Amini, C Roselaar, R Ayé, M Ullman, B Nezami and F Eskandari. 2011. Rare Birds in Iran in 1980−2010. Podoces 6(1): 1-48

Khaleghizadeh, A, CS Roselaar, DA Scott, M Tohidifar, J Mlíkovský, M Blair and P Kvartalnov. 2017. Annotated Checklist of the Bird Species and Subspecies of Iran. Iran Bird Records Committee (IRBC).

Khani, A, M Rezayi and MJ Ali Poor. 2016. A Long-tailed Shrike Lanius scach in Khoasan-e Razavi province, northeastern Iran. Sandgrouse 38(1): 5-6

Khil, L, M Ullman and Ł Ławicki. 2019. Ashy Drongos in Iran in 2014-2018 and status in the WP. Dutch Birding 41(1): 23-28.

Khoury, F. 2018. Chance and challenges in the protection of three avian specialists, Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos , Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus and Passer moabiticus , in the Jordan Valley, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Sandgrouse Supplement 4: 105-112. Khoury, F, MI Förschler, M Janaydeh, M Aliabadian and A-R al-Hmoud. 2010. Distribution, habitat and differentiation of the poorly-known black morph of Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens lugens in Jordan. Sandgrouse 32(2): 113-119.

Khoury, F, M Haddad, S al-Jbour and F Rahahleh. 2013. A mixed pair of pale and black morph Mourning Wheatears Oenanthe lugens lugens in the southern highlands of Jordan. Sandgrouse 35(2): 134-137.

Khoury, F, L al-Azzam, T Qaneer and Y Shishani. 2012. The first record of Yellow-throated Sparrow Gymnoris xanthocollis in Jordan. Sandgrouse 34(1): 63-64.

King, BF. 1997. Checklist of the Birds of Eurasia . Ibis Publishing Company. Vista, California, USA.

King, H. 2018. Pocket Guide to the Birds of Bahrain . Manama Printing Press. Bahrain.

Kirwan, GM. 1998a. Additions to the avifauna of Socotra and Abd AI-Kuri, with notes on the occurrence of some resident and migrant species. Bull. ABC 5(1): 17-21

Kirwan, GM. 1998b. Pale Carpospiza brachydactyla , a little-known Middle Eastern bird. Sandgrouse 20(1): 8-12.

Kirwan, GM. 2004. The taxonomic position of Afghan Scrub Sparrow Passer (moabiticus) yatii . Sandgrouse 26 (2): 105-111.

Kirwan, GM. 2007. Studies of Socotran birds IV. Synonymization of six endemic bird taxa, with comments on Onychognathus blythii creaghi . Sandgrouse 29 (2): 32-45.

Kirwan, GM. 2008. Studies of Socotran birds III. Morphological and mensural evidence for a ‘new’ species in the Rufous Sparrow Passer motitensis complex endemic to the island of Abd’Al-Kuri, with the validation of Passer insularis Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881. Bull. BOC 128(2): 83-93. Kirwan, GM and J Bates. 2008. The status of European Stonechat in Iran. Sandgrouse 30(2): 114-116.

Kirwan, GM and SMS Gregory. 2005. A new genus for the Mongolian Finch Bucanetes mongolicus (Swinhoe 1870). Bull BOC . 125(1): 68-80.

Kirwan, GM and A Grieve. 2007. Studies of Socotran birds II. One, two or three species: towards a rational taxonomy for the Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus socotranus . Bull. Afr. Bird Club 14(2): 159-170.

Kirwan, G and H Shirihai. 2007. Species limits in the House Bunting complex. Dutch Birding 29: 1-19.

Kirwan, GM and A Grieve. 2010a. How many subspecies of Coal Tit Periparus ater are there in Iran? Bull. BOC 130(2): 83-87. Kirwan, GM and A Grieve. 2010b. Studies of Socotran birds V. On the validity of Anthus similis sokotrae and a few remarks on Arabian and northeast African populations of Long-billed Pipit A. similis . Sandgrouse 32(1): 43-49.

Kirwan, GM, RP Martins, G Eken and P Davidson. 1999. A checklist of the birds of Turkey. Sandgrouse Supplement 1, 32pp.

Kirwan, GM, PW Atkinson, AB van den Berg and H Shirihai. 2006. Taxonomy of the Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys sanguineus : a test case for defining species limits between disjunct taxa?. Bull. Afr. Bird Club 13: 136-146.

Kirwan, GM, KA Boyla, P Castell, B Demirci, M Özen, H Welch and T Marlow. 2008. The Birds of Turkey . Christopher Helm, London. UK.

Kirwan, GM, M Schweizer, R Ayé and A Grieve 2009. Taxonomy, identification and status of Desert Sparrows. Dutch Birding 31: 139-158.

Kirwan, GM and A Grieve. 2013. Unravelling Meinertzhagen-generated confusion concerning theoccurrence of Pale Sand Martin Riparia diluta In Egypt and the Middle East, with a review of the species' status in the Middle East. Sandgrouse 35(2): 114-125

Khoury, F and M Janaydeh. 2011. A breeding event of Pale Rock Sparrows Carpospiza brachydactyla in northeast Jordan. Sandgrouse 33(1): 58-60.

Khoury, F and M Alshamlih. 2015. First evidence of colonization by Common Myna Acridotheres tristis in Jordan 2013-2014. Sandgrouse 37(1): 22-24.

Klassert, TE, MA Hernández, F Campos, O Infante, T Almeida, NM Suárez, J Pestan and M Hernández. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA points to Lanius meridionalis as a polyphyletic species. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 47: 1227-1231.

Klicka, J, RM Zink and K Winker. 2003. Longspurs and snow buntings: Phylogeny and biogeography of a high-latitude clade (Calcarius ). Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 26: 165–175.

Klunderud, PØ, M Ullman and T Østbye. 2016. Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus recorded in Oman. Sandgrouse 38(2): 207-210.

Knoblauch, A. 2019. Avifauna observations May-August 2014 Sarychat-Ertash state reserve, Kyrgyzstan. Sandgrouse 41910; 86-92. de Kniff, P, V van der Speck and J Fischer. 2012. Genetic identity of grey chiffchaffs trapped in the Netherlands in autumns of 2009-11. Dutch Birding 34(6): 386-392

Knox, AG, AJ Helbig, DT Parkin and G Sangster. 2001. The taxonomic status of Lesser Redpoll. Brit. Birds 94: 260-267.

Knox, AG, JM Collinson, DT Parkin, G Sangster and L Svensson. 2008. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: fifth report. Ibis 150: 833-835.

Koblik, EA and VYu Arkhipov. 2014. Avifauna of the States of Northern Eurasia (former USSR): Checklists. KMK Scientific Press Ltd. Moscow, Russia. (in Russian & English)

Koblik, EA, YA Reďkin and VYu Arkhipov. 2006. Checklist of the Birds of the Russian Federation. KMK Scientific Press. Moscow. Russia. [In Russian, with Introduction in English and scientific names not in Cyrillic].

Koblik, EA, YA Red’kin, MS Meer, R Derelle, SA Golenkina, FA Kondrashov and VYu Arkhipov. 2011. Acrocephalus orinus : A Case of Mistaken Identity. PLoS ONE (www.plosone.org 1 April 2011). Vol 6 (4): 6pp. e17716

Kolesnikova, Y, M Liu, Z Kang and A Opaev. 2019. Song does not function as a signal of direct aggression in two Leaf-warbler species. Orn. Sci. (Japan) 18: 17-26.

Korelov, MN, MA Kuz’mina, EI Gavrilov, AF Kovshar’, V Gavrin and IF Borodikhin. 1974. Ptitsy Kazakhstana 5 . [The birds of Kazakhstan 5]. Akad. Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR. Alma-Ata. Kazakh SSR. pp480. [In Russian].

Kováts, D and Z Ács. 2013. Genetic Isolation of a Luscinia luscinia population (Aves: Muscicapidae) in Eastern Hungary. Acta zool. bulg . 65(4): 439-445

Kovshar, AF, AV Davygora and FF Karpov. 2007. [Ornithological observations between the Ural and Emba rivers (Temir, Emba, Sagiz, Uil and Khobda rivers) in June 2006]. Selevinia 2006 : 63-81. [In Russian].

Kralj, I, S Barišić, D Ćiković, V Tutiš. 2017. Colouration and Biometry of the Black-Eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica from the Eastern Adriatic Coast. Larus 51: 25-32

Kreuzberg-Mukhina, E , E Lavonenko and D Kashkarov. 2005. The Checklist of the Birds of Uzbekistan . Uzbekistan Zoological Society. Word document.

K-M&K = Kreuzberg-Mukhina, E and A Kreuzberg. 2005. Appendix 4 to the IBA criteria applied to the Central Asian Republics – bird species lists for Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan,Tadzhikistan

Kruckenhauser, L, E Haring, W Pinsker, MJ Riesing, H Winkler, M Wink and A Gamauf. 2004. Genetic vs. morphological differentiation of Old World buzzards (genus Buteo, Accipitridae). Zoologica Scripta 33: 197–211.

Kryukov, A. 2019. Phylogeography and hybridization of corvid birds in the Palearctic Region. Vavilovsky J. Genet. & Breeding. 23(2): 232-238. doi10.18699/VJ19.487 Kryukov, A, MA Iwasa, R Kakizawa, H Suzuki, W Pinsker and E Haring. 2004. Synchronic east–west divergence in azure-winged magpies (Cyanopica cyanus ) and magpies (Pica pica ). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res . 42: 342–351

Kryukov, AP, LN Spiridonova, S Mori, VYu Arkhipov, YA Red'kin, OA Goroshko, EG Lobkov and E Haring. 2017. Deep phylogeographic breaks in magpie Pica pica across the Holarctic: concordance with bioacoustics and phenotypes. Zool. Sci . 2017 doi: 10.2108/zs160119 Kuznetsov, AA. 1979. O ptitsakh verkhov’ev lednika Fortambek (Pamir) [On the birds of the upper Fortambek glacier (Pamir mountains)]. Ornitologiya 14: 112-114. [In Russian].

Kvartalnov, P, A Abdulnazarov, V Samotskaya, J Poznyakova, I Ilyina, A Bannikova and E Solovyeva. 2013. Nesting of the Large-billed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orinus : a preliminary report. Forktail 29: 37-42.

Kvist, L, J Martens, A Ahola and M Orell. 2001. Phylogeography of a Palearctic sedentary passerine, the Willow Tit (Parus montanus ).. J. Evol. Biol. 14: 930-941.

Kvist, L, J Broggi, JC Illera and K Koivula. 2005. Colonisation and diversification of the blue tits (Parus caeruleus teneriffae -group) in the Canary Islands. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 34: 501–511.

Kvist, L, T Arbabi, M Päckert, M Orell and J Martens. 2007. Population differentiation in the marginal populations of the great tit (Paridae: Parus major ). Biol. J. Linn. Soc . 90: 201-210.

Lameris, TK, TPM Fijen, R Uralzaliev, G Pulikova, PF Donald and J Kamp. 2016. Breeding ecology of the endemic Black Lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis on natural steppe and abandoned croplands in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Biodiv. Conserv . doi 10.1007/s10531-015-1041-2 Lamont, A. 2016. The enigmatic plumage of two Daurian Redstarts Phoenicurus auroreus at the Vankee development, Shanghai, China. BirdingASIA 25: 58-59.

Ławicki, Ł and AB van den Berg. 2018. WP reports: June to late July 2018. Dutch Birding 40(4): 252-268

Leader, PJ. 2003. Identification of Daurian Jackdaw. Brit. Birds. 96: 520-523.

Leader, PJ, GJ Carey and PI Holt. 2013. Species limits within Rhodopopulus pekinensis . Forktail 29: 31-36.

Lee, J-H, J Podos and H-C Sung. 2019. Distinct pattern of geographic variation for different song components in Daurian Redstarts Phoenicurus auroreus . Bird Study 66(1): 73-82.

Lee, SI, CS Parr, Y Hwang, DP Mindell and JC Choe. 2003. Phylogeny of magpies (genus Pica ) inferred from mtDNA data. Mol. Phy. Evol. 29(2): 250-257.

L&W = Lefranc, N and T Worfolk. 1997. Shrikes; a guide to shrikes of the world . Pica. Robertsbridge. Sussex. UK.

Leisler, B, P Heidrich, K Schulze-Hagen and M Wink. 1997. Taxonomy and phylogeny of reed warblers (genus Acrocephalus ) based on mtDNA sequences and morphology. J. Orn . 138: 469-496.

Lever, C. 2005. Naturalised birds of the world . T&AD Poyser. London. UK.

Li, S, W Peng, C Guo and X Lu. 2013. Breeding biology of the Small Snowfinch Pyrgilauda davidiana on the Tibetan Plateau. Forktail 29: 155-157.

Li, X, F Dong, F Lei, P Alström, R Zhang, A Ödeen, J Fjeldså, PGP Ericson, F Zou and X Yang. 2015. Shaped by uneven Pleistocene climate: mitochondrial phylogeographic pattern and population history of White Wagtail Motacilla alba (Aves: Passeriformes). J. Avian Biol . doi: 10.1111/jav.00826 Li, S, A Luo, G Li and W Li. 2016. Complete mitochondrial genome of the isabelline wheatear Oenanthe isabellina (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae). Mt DNA Part B. 1(1): 355-356. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1167641

Lim, BTM, KR Sadanandan, C Dingle, YY Leung, DM Prawiradilaga, M Irham, H Ashari, JGH Lee and FE Rheindt. 2018. Molecular evidence suggests radical revision of species limit in the great speciator white-eye genus Zosterops . J. Orn . 2018: 16pp, doi.org/10.1007/s10336-018-1583-7 Lislevand, T, B Chutný, I Byrkjedal, V Pavel, M Briedis, P Adamik and S Hahn. 2015. Red-spotted Bluethroats Luscinia s. svecica migrate along the Indo-European Flyway: a geolocator study. Bird Study 62(4): 508-515.

Liu, Y, G Chen, Q Huang C Jia, G Carey, P Leader, Y Li, X Yang, F Zou, U Olsson and P Alström. 2016. Species delimitation of the White-tailed Rubythroat Calliope pectoralis complex (Aves, Turdidae) using an integrative taxonomic approach. J. Avian Biol. Accepted. Liu, B, P Alström, U Olsson, J Fjeldså, Q Quan, KCS Roselaar, T Saitoh, C-te Yao, Y Hao W Wang, Y Qu and F Lei. 2017. Explosive radiation and spatial expansion across the cold environments of the Old World in an avian family. Ecol. & Evol . 2017: 1- 12. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3136 Lindeman, GV, BD Abaturov, AV Bykov and VA Lopushkov. 2005. [Demographic development of vertebrate of the Trans-Volga semi-desert ]. Russian Academy of Science. Moscow. Russia. [In Russian].

Lohman, YuV, IV Fadeev and SV Drovetsky. 2011. [Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida elaica - new breeding species Taman Peninsula] Russ. Orn. J. 20 (Express) 667: 1261-1265

Londei, T. 2005. The hybrid population of Pied Crow Corvus albus and Somali Crow C. edithae on Dahlak Kebir Island, Eritrea: a case of assortative mating? Bull.ABC 12(1):37-39. Londei, T. 2011. Podoces ground-jays and roads: observations from the Taklimakan Desert, China. Forktail 27: 109-111

Loskot, VM. 2001. A new subspecies of Pale Sand Martin, Riparia diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt), from the Altai and Middle Siberia. Zoosyst. Rossica 9: 461-462

Loskot, VM. 2006. Systematic notes on Asian birds 61. New data on taxonomy and nomenclature of the Common Sand Martin Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) and the Pale Sand Martin R. diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893). Zool. Med. Leiden 80: 213-223

Loskot, V. 2014. The Hyrcanian Chickadee Poecile hyrcanus (Zarudnyj & Loudon, 1905), an endemic species of broadleaved forests of Talysh and Elburz mountains. J. Nat. Mus. (Prague ) Nat. Hist. Series 183(7): 65-88.

Loskot, VM and EC Dickinson. 2001. Systematic notes on Asian birds 15. Nomenclatural issues concerning the common sand martin Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) and the pale sand martin R. diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893), with a new synonymy. Zool. Verh. Leiden 335: 167-173 Loskot, VM and G Bakhtadze. 2020. Distribution, systematics and nomenclature of the three taxa of Common Stonechats (Aves, Passeriformes, Muscicapidae, Saxicola ) that breed in the Caucasian region. Zoosystematica Rossica 29(1): 33–57. doi 10.31610/zsr/2020.29.1.33 Lovette IJ and DR Rubenstein. 2007. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the starlings (Aves: Sturnidae) and mockingbirds (Aves: Mimidae): congruent mtDNA and nuclear trees for a cosmopolitan avian radiation. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 44: 1031–1056.

Lovette IJ, BV McCleery, AL Talaba and DR Rubenstein. 2008. A complete species-level molecular phylogeny for the “Eurasian” starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnus, Acridotheres , and allies): recent diversification in a highly social and dispersive avian group. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 47: 251–260.

Lundberg, A and RV Alatalo. 1992. The pied flycatcher . Poyser. London, UK Luo, S, Y Wu, Q Chang, Y Liu, X Yang, Z Zhang, M Zhang, Q Zhang and F Zou. 2014. Deep phylogeographic vivergence of a migratory passerine in Sino-Himalayan and Siberian forests: the Red-flanked Bluetail (Tarsiger cyanurus ) complex. Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1002/ece3.967. McGeehan, A. 2011. Siberian Chiffchaff – in from the cold. Birding World 24(1): 18-23.

M&P = MacKinnon, J and K Phillipps. 2000. A Field Guide to the Birds of China. OUP. Oxford. UK.

Madge, SC. 1978. Birds of the Salang Pass, Central Afghanistan. OSME Bulletin 1: 2-5.

Madge, S. 1980. Provisional Checklist of the Birds of Afghanistan . Unpublished.

Madge, SC and NJ Redman. 1989. The existence of a form of cliff swallow Hirundo sp. In Ethiopia. Scopus 13: 126-129.

M&B 1994 (in this passerine table only) = Madge, S and H Burn. 1994. Crows and Jays . Helm. London. UK

Mallalieu, M and P Kaestner. 2015. Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio: first record(s) for Afghanistan. Sandgrouse 37(2): 169-170.

Mallalieu, M and R Seargeant. 2016. Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio : further evidence of occurrence in Afghanistan. Sandgrouse 38(2): 160.

Ma Ming & HK Kwok. 2004. Records of Xinjiang Ground-jay Podoces biddulphi in Taklimakan Desert, Xinjiang, China. Forktail 20: 121-125.

Ma Ming, J Ding, H Gou,Y Huang Z Zhang and X Li. 2013. Seven new ornithological records for Xinjiang province, China, and notes on some alien species. BirdingASIA 19: 100-103

Mann, CF and RA Cheke. 2006. The validity of the sunbird genus Hedydipna . Bull. BOC 126 (3): 199-200.

Mann, CF and RA Cheke. 2014. The sunbird genera Anthodiaeta and Hedydipna revisited. Bull BOC 134(2): 159–160.

Marova, IM, DA Shipelina, VV Fedorov and VV Ivanitskii. 2013. Siberian and East European chiffchaffs: geographical distribution, morphological features, vocalization, phenomenon of mixed singing, and evidences of hybridization in sympatry zone. In: Rodríguez N, J Garcia and JL Copete (Eds). 2013. El mosquitero ibérico . Grupo Iberico de Anillamiento. Léon. Spain. Martens, J. 2010. Systematic notes on Asian birds: 72. A preliminary review of the leaf warbler genera Phylloscopus and Seicercus . BOC Occ. Publ. 5: 41-116

Martens, J and S Eck. 1995. Towards an ornithology of the Himalayas: Systematics, Ecology & Vocalisations of Nepal Birds. Bonn.Zool. Monogr. 38:1-445.

Martens, J and M Päckert. 2003. Disclosure of songbird diversity in the Palearctic/Oriental transition zone. Proc. 18th Int. Cong. Zool. 551-558.

Martens, J and DT Tietze. 2006. Systematic notes on Asian birds 65. A preliminary review of the Certhiidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 80: 273-286. Martens, J, DT Tietze and Y-H Sun. 2006. Molecular phylogeny of Parus (Periparus ), a Eurasian radiation of tits. Aves: (Passeriformes: Paridae). Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden. 55: 103-120.

Martens, J, Y-H Sun & M Päckert. 2008. Intraspecific differentiation of Sino-Himalayan bush-dwelling Phylloscopus leaf warblers, with description of two new taxa (P. fuscatus, P.fuligiventer, P. affinis, P. armandi, P. subaffinis ). Vert. Zool . 58: 233-265.

Martens, J, DT Tietzte and M Päckert. 2011. Phylogeny, biodiversity, and species limits of passerine birds in the Sino-Himalayan region—a critical review. AOU Orn. Monographs 70: 64-94.

Marthinsen, G, L Wennenberg and JT Lifjeld. 2008. Low support for separate species within the redpoll complex (Carduelis flammea-hornemanni-cabaret ) from analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite markers. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 47: 1005-1017.

Martin, TE, V Nivet-Mazerolles, C Landsmann, M Guillemin, J Dubos, F Vallejo and V Dombrovski. 2014. Bird records from south-central Uzbekistan, 2010-2013. Sandgrouse 36(1): 34-49.

Martin, TE, J Dubos, T Rivière, M Loubon, J Fleureau, A Martineau, M Guillemin and V Nivet-Mazerolles. 2018. Bird records from arid & semi-arid areas in southern Kazakhstan, 2009-2017. Sandgrouse 40(1): 53-74.

Martinez, N, A al-Assad, D Matti, T Roth, D Stalling and T Stalling. 2016. First documented record of White-crowned Wheatear Oenanthe lycopyga in Syria and first records there of Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti annae and Basalt Wheatear Oenanthe lugens warriae , all 2009. Sandgrouse 38(2): 161-164. Martins, FC, SC Cox, M Irestedt, RP Prŷs-Jones and JJ Day. 2020. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Afrotropical white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae) highlights prior underestimation of mainland diversity and complex colonisation history. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106843 Mason, NA and SA Taylor. 2015. Differentially expressed genes match bill morphology and plumage despite largely undifferentiated genomes in a Holarctic songbird. Mol. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/mec.13140

Meadows, B. 1999. The African Reed Warbler in mangroves at Yanbu al Sinaiyah. Phoenix 15: 1-19.

Meininger, PL and WC Mullié. 1979. Some results of the Dutch Ornithological Expedition to Egypt in January and February 1979. OSME Bulletin 3: 12-14.

Meininger, PL and WC Mullié. 1981. Some interesting ornithological records from Egypt. OSME Bulletin 6: 2-5.

Miles, W, D Parnaby, B Rosser, J Moss and JM Collinson. 2015. 'Eastern Grasshopper Warbler' on Fair Isle: new to Britain. Brit. Birds 108: 231-236.

Millington, L. 2000. The first Common Mynah Acridotheres tristis in Egypt. Sandgrouse 22 (1): 69-71.

Minshull, BC. 1997. The first Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos in Jordan. Sandgrouse 18 (2): 69.

Misonne, X. 1974. Les oiseaux de Kufra etdu Jebel Uweinat, Gerfaut 64: 41-73.

Mitchell, D. 2017. The Birds of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East - An Annotated Checklist. Lynx Edicions,. Barcelona, Spain.

Mlíkovský, J. 2011. Correct name for Asian . Chinese Birds 2(2): 109-110

Mlíkovský, J. 2012. Correct name for the Asian Brown Flycatcher (Aves:Muscicapidae, Muscicapa). Zootaxa 3393: 53-56

Moore, HJ and C Boswell. 1941-6. Original source notes on the birds of Iraq. Held in the Alexander Library, Oxford University. Oxford, UK.

Moore, HJ and C Boswell. 1956. Field observations on the birds of Iraq . 3 Vols. NHM Baghdad. Iraq.

Moran, N. 2008. Two new records for Arabia, autumn 2006. Sandgrouse 30(1): 94-97.

Moyle RG, MJ Andersen, CH Oliveros, F Steinheimer and S Reddy. 2012. Phylogeny and biogeography of the core babblers (Aves: Timaliidae). Syst. Biol. 10.1093/sysbio/sys027

Murdoch, D. 2005. Observations from Syria with notes on 11 new breeding species. Sandgrouse 27(1): 37-45.

Murdoch, DA and K Betton. 2008. A checklist of the birds of Syria. OSME Sandgrouse Supplement 2. Sandy, UK.

Mullarney, K, L Svensson, D Zetterström and P J Grant. 1999. Collins Bird Guide . Collins. London, UK. al-Nasrallah, K. 2005. First breeding of Woodchat Shrike in Arabia. Phoenix. 21: 1. Neate-Clegg, MHC, JR Román, B Demir and ÇH Şekercioğlu. 2019. Endangered Basra Reed-warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis) recorded for the first time in Turkey (Aves: Acrocephalidae). Turkish J. Zool. 43: 250-253. doi:10.3906/zoo-1808-16 le Nevé, A, C Blaize, O Dehorter, H Dugué, D Hemery, F Jiguet, R Musseau, JM Neto, A Rguibi Idrissi, C Zumalacárregui and N Roothaert. 2018. Migration of the Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola ) 2.9. In: Tanneberger, F & J Kubacka (Eds). The Aquatic Warbler Conservation Handbook . Brandenburg State Office for Environment (LfU). Potsdam, Germany. Newton, I. 2003. The Speciation and Biogeography of Birds . Academic Press. London. UK.

Newton, SF. 2006. A further mangrove white-eye (Zosterops ) population in the Arabian Red sea. Phoenix 22: 16-17.

Niethammer, G. 1973. Zur Vogelwelt des Afghanischen Pamir und des Darwaz. Bonner zool. Beitr. 24: 270-284.

Niethammer, G and J Niethammer. 1967. Neunachweise für Afghanistans Vogelwelt. J. Orn. 108, 76-80.

Nikolaus, G. 1984. Lanius excubitor "jebelmarrae" . Bull BOC. 104(4): 147.

Nikolaus, G. 1987. Distribution Atlas of Sudan's Birds, with Notes on Habitat and Status. Bonn. Zool. Mon. 25. Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig. Bonn, Germany.

Nikolaus, G and J Ash. 1997. Riyadh River, Saudi Arabia; Notes on breeding birds. Phoenix 14: 18-19.

Nogge, G. 1973. Ornithologische Beobachtungen in Afghanischen Pamir. Bonner zool. Beitr. 24: 254-269.

Nyári, AS, BW Benz, KA Jønsson, J Fjeldså, and RG Moyle. 2009, Phylogenetic relationships of fantails (Aves: Rhipiduridae). Zool. Scripta 38: 553-561. al-Obeidi, LA. 2016. First breeding record of Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus and apparent breeding of White-crowned Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga for Iraq. Sandgrouse 38(2): 156-159.

OBL7 = Oman Bird List. 2013, 7th edn. Eriksen, J and R Victor. Oman Bird List. The official list of the birds of the Sultamate of Oman . Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University. Oman.

Olson, VA and IPF Owens. 2005. Interspecific variation in the use of carotenoid-based coloration in birds: diet, life history and phylogeny. J. Evol. Biol. 18: 1534–154.

Olsson, U and P Alström. 2020. A comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomic evaluation of the waxbills (Aves: Estrildidae). Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 146: doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106757

Olsson, U, P Alström, PGP Ericson and P Sundberg. 2005. Non-monophyletic taxa and cryptic species—Evidence from a molecular phylogeny of leaf-warblers (Phylloscopus , Aves). Mol. Phyl. Evol . 36: 261–276.

Olsson, U, P Alström, L Svensson, M Aliabadian and P Sundberg. 2010. The Lanius excubitor (Aves, Passeriformes) conundrum—Taxonomic dilemma when molecular and non-molecular data tell different stories. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 55(2): 347-357.

Olsson, U, P Leader, G Carey, AA Khan, L Svensson and P Alström. 2013a. New insights into the intricate taxonomy and phylogeny of the Sylvia curruca complex. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.023

Olsson U, M Irestedt, G Sangster, PGP Ericson & P Alström. 2013b. Systematic revision of the avian family based on a multi-locus phylogeny of all genera. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 66: 790-799.

Olsson, U, R Yosef and P Alström. 2013c. Assessment of species limits in African ‘brown buntings’ Emberiza , Passeriformes) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Ibis 155: 534–543.

Olsson, U, H Rguibi-Idrissi, JL Copete, JLA Matos, P Provost, M Amezian, P Alström and, F Jiguet. 2016. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Eurasian/African reed warbler complex (Acrocephalus , Aves). Disagreement between morphological and molecular evidence and cryptic divergence: a case for resurrecting Calamoherpe ambigua Brehm 1857. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 102: 30-44 al-Omari, A, A Abdullah and C Boland. 2018. First description of the nest and eggs of Arabian Waxbill Estrilda rufibarba (Al-Baha Province, southwest Saudi Arabia). Sandgrouse 40(1): 11-15.

Omland, KE, CL Tarr, WI Boarman, JM Mazluff and RC Fleischer. 2000. Cryptic generation and paraphyly in ravens. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 267: 2475-2482. van Oosten, HH and AA Emtsev. 2013. Putative Segregation of Two Yellow Wagtail Taxa by Breeding Habitat in Western Siberia: Possible Implications for Motacilla flava Taxonomy. Ardea 101: 65-70.

Opaev, A, Y Red'kin, E Kalinin and M Golovina. 2018. Species limits in the Northern Eurasian taxa of the common stonechats, Saxicola torquatus complex (Aves: Passeriformes, Muscicapidae). Vertebrate Zool. 68(3): 199-211.

Oppel, S, J Vickery, A Zavalishina, A Smagulova and A Turebaev. 2018. Raptor inventory of the Karatau State Nature Reserve, southern Kazakhstan. Sandgrouse Supplement 4: 60-72.

Ostrowski, S. 2007. WCS Afghanistan Biodiversity Conservation Project Field Report No 4 (Wakhan Winter Avifauna). WCS New York, USA. Ottenburghs, J. 2019. Digest: article on selected original resarch (qv Cowles & Uy 2019). Evolution : doi:10.1111/evo.13814 (See also https://sites.duke.edu/evodigest/)

Ottens, G, Y Perlman and I Shanni. 2016. Black Scrub Robin in the WP and breeding record in Israel in 2015. Dutch Birding 38(4): 219-227.

Outlaw, RK, G Voelker and RCK Bowie. 2010. Shall we chat? Evolutionary relationships in the genus Cercomela (Muscicapidae) and its relation to Oenanthe reveals extensive polyphyly among chats distributed in Africa, India and the Palearctic. Mol Phyl Evol 55(1): 284-92. (Epub 20 Sep 2009) Ostrowski, S and E Guinard. 2002. First record of Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus in western Saudi Arabia. Sandgrouse 24 (1): 58-59.

Özkan, K. 2011. An avifaunal survey of the Istranca mountains, Turkish Thrace: novel breeding bird records including the first breeding record of Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix in Turkey. Sandgrouse 33(2): 163-173

Päckert, M and J Martens. 2004. Song dialects on the Atlantic islands: goldcrests of the Azores (Regulus regulus azoricus, R. r. sanctae-mariae, R. r. inermis ). J. Orn. 145: 23-30.

Päckert, M and J Martens. 2008. Taxonomic pitfalls in tits – comments on the Paridae chapter of the Handbook of the Birds of the World. Ibis 150: 829-831

Päckert, M, J Martens, J Kosuch, AA Nazerenko and M Veith. 2003. Phylogenetic signal in the song of crests and kinglets. (Aves: Regulus ). Evol. 57: 616-629.

Päckert, M, J Martens, S Eck, AA Nazarenko OP Valchuk, B Petri and M Veith. 2005. Parus major – a misclassified ring species. Biol. J. Linn . 86: 153-174.

Päckert, M, J Martens and Lucia Liu Severinghaus. 2009. The Taiwan Firecrest (Regulus goodfellowi ) belongs to the Goldcrest assemblage (Regulus regulus s. l. ): evidence from mitochondrial DNA and the territorial song of the Regulidae. J. Orn. 150: 205- 220. Päckert, M, M Bader-Blukott, B Künzelmann, Y-H Sun, Y-C Hsu, C Kehlmaier, F Albrecht, JC Illera and J Martens. 2020. A revised phylogeny of nuthatches (Aves, Passeriformes, Sitta ) reveals insight in intra- and interspecific diversification patterns in the Palearctic. Verteb. Zool. 70(2): 241-262. Paludan, K. 1959. On the Birds of Afghanistan. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Natur. 122.

Panow, EN. 1983. Die W ü rger der Paläarktis . Die neue Brehm Bücherei, A Ziemsen Verlag. Wittenberg Lutherstadt, East Germany.

Panov, EN. 2005. Wheatears of Palearctic . Pensoft. Sofia & Moscow. Bulgaria & Russia.

Panov, EN. 2009. On the nomenclature of the so-called Isabelline Shrike. Sandgrouse 31(2): 163-170.

Panov, EN. 2011. True Shrikes - Laniidae of the World . Ecology, Behavior, Evolution. Pensoft. Moscow, Russia.

Panov, EN and AA Bannikova. 2010. On the validity of the 'Steppe Grey Shrike' as an independent species. Sandgrouse 32(2): 141-146.

Papazoglou, C, A Crabtree, P Panayides, F ioulianou and G Conway. 2017. Tracking Cyprus Wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca with geolocators. Sandgrouse 39(2): 130-137.

Pârâu, JG, RC Frias-Soler and M Wink. 2019. High Genetic Diversity among Breeding Red-backed Shrikes Lanius collurio in the Western Palearctic. Diversity 2019 11:: 31. doi:10.3390/d11030031

Parkin, DT and AG Knox. 2010. The Status of Birds in Britain and Ireland. Helm, A&C Black. London, UK.

Partridge, J. 2018. East Siberian Wagtail at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, in November 2017. Dutch Birding. 40(3): 174-177.

Pasquet, E, J-M. Pons, J Fuchs, C Cruaud, and V Bretagnolle. 2007. Evolutionary history and biogeography of the drongos (Dicruridae), a tropical Old World clade of corvoid passerines. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 45: 158-167.

Pasquet, E, FK Barker, J Martens, A Tillier, C Cruaud and A Cibois. 2014. Evolution within the nuthatches (Sittidae: Aves, Passeriformes): molecular phylogeny, biogeography and ecological perspectives. J. Orn . 155: 755-765

Pavlova, A, RM Zink, SV Drovetski, Y Reďkin and S Rohwer. 2003. Phylogeographic patterns in Motacilla flava and Motacilla citreola : species limits and population history. Auk 120: 744-758.

Pearson, DJ. 2000. The races of the Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus and their nomenclature. Bull. BOC 120 (1): 22-27.

Pearson, DJ and GC Backhurst. 1988. Characters and taxonomic position of Basra Reed Warbler. Brit. Birds 81: 171-178.

Pearson, DJ and DA Turner. 2017. A taxonomic review of the genus Zosterops in East Africa, with a revised list of species occurring in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Scopus 37(1): 1-13. Pedersen, T. 2001. The first Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica in Egypt. Sandgrouse 23 (1): 67-68.

Pedersen, T and SJ Aspinall. 2010. (Compilers) Checklist of the birds of the United Arab Emirates. Sandgrouse Supplement 3.

Peer, BD, CE McIntosh, MJ Kuehn, I Rothstein and RC Fleischer. 2011. Complex biogeographic history of Lanius shrikes and its implications for the evolution of defenses against brood parasitism. Condor 113: 385-394.

Pentzold, S, C Tritscha, J Marten, DT Tietze, G Giacalone, M Lo Valvo, AA Nazarenko, L Kvist and M Päckert. 2013. Where is the line? Phylogeography and secondary contact of western Palearctic coal tits (Periparus ater : Aves, Passeriformes, Paridae ). Zool. Anzeiger . 252: 367-382. Pentzold, S, MI Förschler, DT Tietze, C Randler, J Martens and M Päckert. 2016. Geographic variation in coal tit song across continents and reduced species recognition between Central European and Mediterranean populations. Vert. Zool . 66(2): 191-199.

Perlman, Y and Y Kiat. 2012. Large-scale breeding of Thick-billed Lark, Dunn's Lark and Pale Rockfinch in southern Israel in Spring 2010. Dutch Birding 34(1): 1-10.

Perlman, Y and J Meyrav. 2009. Checklist of the Birds of Israel . Soc. Prot. Nat. Israel/Israel On. Center. Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Perlman, Y, M Blair and R Sheldon. 2018. Taxonomic advances and mysteries in the OSME Region. Sandgrouse 40(2): 176-185.

Petrosyan, SO and OS Petrosyan. .1997. [Oology and nidology of the birds of Armenia]. Architectura Press. Moscow. Russia. [In Russian].

Pirayesh Shirazinejad, M, M Aliabadian and O Mirshamsi. 2019. The evolutionary history of the white wagtail species complex, (Passeriformes: : Motacilla alba ). Contrib. to Zool . 2019: 1-20. brill.com/ctoz. doi:10.1163/18759866-20191404

Pittie, A and EC Dickinson. 2013. The dating of the Second Supplement to Jerdon's Catalogue of the birds in the peninsula of India in the Madras Journal of Literature & Science, Vol 13. No 31 Zool. Biog . 4(2): 144-151.

Pomeroy, D and F Walsh. 2000. Is Sardinian Warbler Syvia melanocephala displacing Cyprus Warbler S. melanothorax in Cyprus? Sandgrouse 22(10): 44-49.

Pomeroy, D. 2011. Trends in Common Birds in West Cyprus. Cyprus BirdLife: Winter 2009 . BirdLife Cyprus. Nicosia, Cyprus.

Pomeroy, D, F Walsh, P Flint, M Hellicar and P Shaw. 2017. A sustained decline in Cyprus Warbler Sylvia melanothorax numbers in western Cyprus, coinciding with the colonisation of its breeding range by the Sardinian Warbler S. melanocephala . Bird Conserv. Intl. 26(4): doi 10.1017/s0959270915000337 Poelstra, J. 2010. Trends in systematics. Speciation in shades of grey: the great grey shrike complex. Dutch Birding 32: 258-264.

Pons, J-M, J-C Thibault, J Fournier, G Olioso, M Rakovic, GT Florenzano and J Fuchs. 2015a. Genetic variation among Corsican and continental populations of the Eurasian treecreeper (Aves: Certhia familiaris ) reveals the existence of a palaeoendemic mitochondrial lineage. Biol. J. Linn. (Accepted ms) Pons, J-M, J-C Thibault, R Aymí, M Grussu, J Muntaner, G Olioso, JR Sunyer, M Touirhi and J Fuchs. 2015. The role of western Mediterranean islands in the evolutionary diversication of the spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata , a long=distance migratory passerine species. J. Avian Biol . 46 001-013 Pons, J-M, A Cibois, J Fournier, J Fuchs, G Olioso and J-C Thibault. 2019. Gene flow and genetic divergence among mainland and insular populations across the south-western range of the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris , Aves). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly200 Porter, RP, S Christensen and P Schiermacker-Hansen. 1996. Field Guide to the Birds of the Middle East, 1st edn . T&AD Poyser. London. UK.

Porter, RP, S Aspinall, S Preddy and MJ Blair. 2005. Working draft of the bird species list for the Field Guide to the birds of the Middle East. 2nd edn . Word document.

Porter, RF and SJ Aspinall. 2010. Birds of the Middle East, second edition. Helm. London, UK.

Porter, RF and D Stanton. 2011. Observations of Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus brunnescens and Mangrove Reed Warblers Acrocephalus (scirpaceus) avicenniae in mangroves of the Yemen Red Sea coast. Sandgrouse 33(2): 134-138

Porter, RF. 2014. The mystery of the 'Syrian' Serins wintering in northern Iraq is solved. Sandgrouse 36(1): 58-60.

Porter, RF. 2016. First breeding record of Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor in Iraq. Sandgrouse 38(1): 71-72

Prasad, A. 2005.Seabirds off the western coast of India . (Database extracts).

Price, TD, DM Hooper, CD Buchanan, US Johansson, DT Tietze, P Alström, U Olsson, M Ghosh-Harihar, F Ishtiaq, SK Gupta, J Martens, B Harr, P Singh, and D Mohan. 2014. Niche filling slows the diversification of Himalayan songbirds, Nature 509: 222-225. Putintsev, NN, LK Arakčaa, V Zabelin, AA Baranov, VV Dubatolov, SE Chernyshev, YuP Korshunov, M Smirnov, N Shurygin, N Kartashov, AN Gundrizer, V Popkov, VV Popov, VG Mordkovič, OE Kosterin, SO Ondar, GS Zolotarenko, P Nick P, A Prijdak and N Saveliev 2002. книга Республики Тыва: Животные. Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН. Филиал. [The Red Book of the Republic of Tuva . SB RAS Publishing House. Novosibirsk]. Russia. Rabia, B, M Baha El Din†, L Rifai and O Attum. 2015. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis , a new invasive species breeding in Sinai, Egypt. Sandgrouse 37(1): 87-89.

Rahimi, MM, AB Mousavi, SM Nabiyan, L Joolaee and AT Qashqaei. 2019. Additional records of White-crowned Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga in Iran after more than a century. Sandgrouse 41(2): 211-213.

Raja, NA, P Davidson, N Bean, R Drijvers, DA Showler and C Barker. 1999. The birds of Palas, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Forktail 15: 77-85

Rajabi, AM and S Ostrowski. 2019. First confirmed record of Whinchat Saxicola rubetra from Afghanistan. Sandgrouse 41910; 93-94.

Raković, M, JM Neto, RJ Lopes, EA Koblik, IV Fadeev, YV Lohman, SA Aghayan, G Boano, M Pavia, Y Perlman, Y Kiat, A Ben Dov, JM Collinson, G Voelker and SV Drovetski. 2019. Geographic patterns of mtDNA and Z-linked sequence variation in the Common Chiffchaff and the ‘chiffchaff complex’. PLoS ONE: 14(1): e0210268. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210268 Ramadan-Jaradi, G and A Serhal. 2014. First confirmed breeding record of Northrn Raven Corvus corax in Lebanon for over four decades and recent records in Lebanon of Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus , Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Pterocles alchataand Black-bellied Sandgrouse P. orientalis . Sandgrouse 36(2): 191-194. Ramadan-Jaradi, G and F Itani. 2016. Six interesting bird records including two new species, Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus and White-crowned Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga , for Lebanon. Sandgrouse 38(2): 192-196.

Ramadan-Jaradi and F Itali. 2018. Two new species for Lebanon, White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala and Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus , and two other interesting records for Lebanon. Sandgrouse 40(2): 130-132.

Ramadan-Jaradi, G, T Bara and M Ramadan-Jaradi 2008. Revised checklist of the birds of Lebanon 1999-2007. Sandgrouse 30(1): 22-69.

Ramadan-Jaradi, R, A Serhal and M Ramadan-Jaradi. 2016. First confirmed breeding of the European Serin Serinus serinus in Lebanon. A potential threat to Lebanese breeding Syrian Serin Serinus syriacus ? Sandgrouse 38(1): 73-76.

Ramadan-Jaradi, G, F Itani, BA Jummaa, A Serhal, M Osta, S Azar and M Rouhana. 2019. First confirmed breeding of two bird species and other interesting records for Lebanon. Sandgrouse 41(2): 181-185. Rand, AL. 1960. Family Laniidae. In: Mayr, E and JC Greenway Jr. (Eds). Checklist of the Birds of the World, vol. IX. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge MA, USA.

Randler, C and A Crabtree. 2010. Probable breeding of the Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca on Cyprus. Sandgrouse 32(1): 34-36.

Randler, C, MI Förschler, J Gonzalez, M Aliabadian, F Bairlein and M Wink. 2011. Phylogeography, pre-zygotic isolation and taxonomic status in the endemic Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca . J Orn (in press).

Rasmussen, SA. 1992a. Some observations of birds in northwestern Iraq, 1983. OSME Bulletin 29: 6-11.

Rasmussen, SA. 1992b. First records of Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos in Iraq. Sandgrouse 14 (1): 54-55.

Rasmussen, P. 1998. Tytler’s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tytleri : non-breeding distribution, morphological discrimination, and ageing. Forktail 14: 17-29.

Rasmussen, P. 2017. Split Lanius excubitor into two or more species. Formal submission 2017-B-8 to the N&MA Classification Committee of the AOU.

R&A 2005 = Rasmussen, P and JC Anderton. 2005. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide . 2 vols. Lynx Edicions, Smithsonian Institution. Barcelona, Washington. Spain, USA.

R&A 2012 = Rasmussen, P and JC Anderton. 2012. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide, 2nd edn . 2 vols. Lynx Edicions, Smithsonian Institution. Barcelona, Washington. Spain, USA.

Reading,R, A Bräunlich and H Mix. 2011. Red-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus : first record for Mongolia. BirdingAsia 15: 102-103

Reďkin, Y and M Konovalova. 2006. Systematic notes on Asian birds – 63. The eastern races of Sitta europaea Linnaeus, 1758. Zool. Med. Leiden 80-5(15): 241-261.

Red'kin, YA, VYu Arkhipov, SV Volkov, AA Mosalov and EA Koblik. 2015. [Type or species? Controversial taxonomic treatment of the birds of Northern Eurasia]. Вид или не вид? Спорные таксономические трактовки птиц Северной Евразии. [XIV Ornithological Conference of Northern Eurasia . II. Reports]. XIV орнитологическая конференция Северной Евразии. II. Доклады. [In Russian]. Redman, N. 1981. Birds in central Afghanistan. OSME Bulletin 7: 2-4.

Redman, N, T Stevenson and J Fanshawe. 2009. Birds of the Horn of Africa . Christopher Helm/A&C Black. London.UK.

Reeb, F. 1977. Contribution à l'étude de l'Avifaune et des migrations en Afghanistan. Alauda 37: 273-300.

Reddy, S. 2008. Systematics and biogeography of the shrike-babblers (Pteruthius ): species limits, molecular phyogenetics, and diversification patterns across southern Asia. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 39: 54-72. Red’kin, Y and M Konovalova. 2006. Systemic Notes on Asian Birds. 63. The eastern Asiatic races of Sitta europaea . Zool. Med. Leiden 80

Reeves, AB, SV Drovetski and IV Fadeev. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA data imply a stepping-stone colonization of Beringia by arctic warbler Phylloscopus borealis . J. Avian Biol . 39:569-575.

Reynolds, PM. 1978. Birds of some coastal areas of the Gulf of Oman. Sea Swallow 28: 15-18.

Rheindt, FE. 2006. Splits galore: the revolution in Asian leaf warbler systematics. Birding Asia 5:25-39.

Rheindt, FE and JA Eaton. 2009. Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvidae) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts. Zootaxa 2301: 29-54.

Richardson, C. 2014. The status, frequency and abundance of passerine passage migrants and seasonal visitors in Cyprus 2003-2013. Sandgrouse 36(2): 197-236.

Richardson, C and R Porter. 2020. Birds of Cyprus. Helm. Bloomsbury Publishing. London.

Richardson, C, SJ Aspinall and M Verhage. 1997. Abu Dhabi Islands Breeding Bird Survey. Emir. Bird Rep. 19: 104-111.

Richardson, C, S Christodoulides and N Cottle. 2012. Cyprus Bird Report 2011 . (CBR11). BirdLife Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Robb, MA and AB van den Berg. 2002. Presumed escaped White-winged Crossbill at De Zilk in 1963, Dutch Birding 24: 216-218.

Robel, D. 1997. Records of the Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutus , Crimson-rumped Waxbill Estrilda rhodopyga and African Silverbill Lonchura cantans in Egypt. Zool. Mid . East 15: 33-35.

Roberts, TJ. 1992. The Birds of Pakistan – Vol 2, Passeriformes – pittas to buntings . OUP. Karachi. Pakistan.

Rogacheva, H. (Ye). 1992. The Birds of Central Asia . Husum Druck & Verlag. Husum. Germany.

Rogers, K. 2001. Radde's Accentor Prunella ocularis in northern Iran. Sandgrouse 23(1): 10-17.

Roselaar, CS. 1995. Songbirds of Turkey: an atlas of biodiversity of Turkish passerine birds. GMB uitverij/Pica Press. Haarlem, Netherlands/Robertsbridge, UK.

Roselaar, CS, J Visser and A Wijker. 2010. Maskergors bij Castricum in november 2007 en herkenning van ondersoorten. Dutch Birding 32: 1-9. (Black-headed Bunting at Castricum in November 2007 and identification of subspecies).

Roselaar, CS and M Aliabadian. 2010. Review of rare birds in Iran 180s-1960s. Podoces. Accepted.

Rosier, A. 1996. The first Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii in Egypt and the Western Palearctic. Sandgrouse 18(2): 63.

Roth, T and G Jalilova. 2004. First confirmed breeding record of Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler Locustella certhiola in Kyrgyzstan. Sandgrouse 26(2): 141-143.

Roth, T, R Ayé, R Burri and M Schweizer. 2005. Bird observations from Iran in February-March 2001, including a new species for the Middle East. Sandgrouse 27 (1): 63-68.

RNBWS = Royal Navy Bird Watching Society. 2007. Bird Observations Database. Francis Ward, RNBWS Gen Sec & Database Manager. (Database extracts).

Round, PD, S Manawattana, J Khudamrongsawat, S Thunhikorn, M Safoowong and T Bummakasikara. 2018. Disentangling avian diversity: South-East Asian mainland Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus constitutes two distinct lineages. Forktail 33: 103-115. Round, PD and PR Kennerley. 2007. Large-billed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orinus back from the dead. BirdingASIA 7: 53-54

Rustamov, EA. 2015. An annotated checklist of the birds of Turkmenistan. Sandgrouse 37(1): 26-56.

Sætre, GP and SA Sæther. 2010. Ecology and genetics of speciation in Ficedula flycatchers. Mol. Ecol . 19: 1091–1106. al-Safadi MM. 2006. Observations on the breeding birds of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Sandgrouse 28(1): 22-33.

Salewski, V, M Flade, S Lisovski, A Poluda, O Iliukha, G Kiljan, U Malashevich and S Hahn. 2018. Identifying migration routes and non-breeding staging sites of adult males of the globally threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola . Bird Cons. Intl. 29: 503–514. Salim, M. 1998. The first Common Mynah Acridotheres tristis in Iraq. Sandgrouse 20 (2): 148-149.

Salim, M. 2010. First record of White-crowned Black Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga for Iraq. Sandgrouse 32(2): 149-150.

Salim, MA, OF al-Sheikly, KA Majeed and RF Porter. 2012. An annotated checklist of the birds of Iraq. Sandgrouse 34(1): 4-43.

Salzburger, W, J Martens, AA Nazerenko, S Yua-Hue, R Dallinger and C Sturmbauer. 2002a. Phylogeography of the Eurasian Willow Tit (Parus montanus ) based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Mol. Phyl. & Evol .24: 26-34.

Salzburger, W, J Martens and C Sturmbauer. 2002b. Paraphyly of the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus ) suggested from cytochrome b sequences. Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 24:19-25.

Samotskaya, V, I Marova, P Kvartalnov, V Yu Arkhipov and V Ivanitskii. 2016. Song in two cryptic species: comparative analysis of Large-billed Reed Warblers Acrocephalus i and Blyth's Reed Warblers Acrocephalus dumetorum . Bird Study 63(4): 479-489 (doi: 10.1080/00063657.2016.1220489) Sangha, HK and R Naoroji. 2003. High-altitude records of the House Crow Corvus splendens in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir, India. Forktail 19: 141-142.

Sangster, G. 2006. The taxonomic status of ’phylogroups’ in the Parus teneriffae complex (Aves): Comments on the paper by Kvist et al 2005. Mol. Phyl. Evol. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.009

Sangster, G, CJ Hazevoet, AB van den Berg and CS Roselaar. 1998. Dutch avifaunal list: species concepts, taxonomic instability and taxonomic changes in 1998. Dutch Birding 20: 22-32.

Sangster, G, CJ Hazevoet, AB van den Berg, CS Roselaar and R Sluys. 1999. Dutch avifaunal list: Species concepts, taxonomic instability, and taxonomic changes in 1977-1998. Ardea 87: 139-166.

Sangster, G, AB van den Berg, AJ van Loon and CS Roselaar. 2009. Dutch avifaunal list: taxonomic changes in 2004–2008. Ardea 97(3): 373-381.

Sangster, G, P Alström, E Forsmark and U Olsson. 2010. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). Mol. Phyl. & Evol . 57: 380-392.

Sangster, G, JM Collinson, P-A Crochet, AG Knox, DT Parkin, L Svensson and SC Votier. 2011. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: seventh report. Ibis 153: 883–892

Sangster, G, JM Collinson, P-A Crochet, AG Knox, DT Parkin and SC Votier. 2013. Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: ninth report. Ibis 155: 898–907

Sangster, G, JM Collinson, P-A Crochet, AG Knox and SC Votier. 2012. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: eighth report. Ibis 154: 874-883

Sangster, G, JM Collinson, P-A Crochet, GM Kirwan, AG Knox, DT Parkin and SC Votier. 2015. Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report. Ibis 158: 206-212.

Sangster, G, CS Roselaar, M Irestedt and PGP Ericson. 2016. Sillem’s Mountain Finch Leucosticte sillemi is a valid species of rosefinch (Carpodacus, Fringillidae). Ibis . doi: 10.1111/ibi.12323

Sarayev, F. 2017. Long-tailed Shrike breeding at Atyrau, Kazakhstan, in June-August 2016. Dutch Birding 39(2): 101-193

Sarson, E. 1992. The sewage lagoon at the King Fahd International Airport, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Phoenix 9: 18-20.

Saunders, CM and GG Webbon. 1998. The first Banded Martin Riparia cincta in Saudi Arabia. Sandgrouse 20 (1): 55.

Sayer, JA and APM van der Zon. 1981. Checklist of the Birds of Afghanistan. Unpub appendix to FAO Conservation Strategy report FO: DP/AFG/78/007

Schäffer, N, BA Walther, K Gutteridge and C Rahbek. 2006. The African migration and wintering grounds of the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola . Bird Conserv. Intnl . 16: 33-56. BirdLife International. Cambridge, UK. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000025

Schweizer, M. 2020. Trends in systematics: Diversification and taxonomy of birds characteristic of the Palearctic desert belt. Dutch Birding 42(3): 181-202.

Schweizer, M and GM Kirwan. 2014. The phylogenetic affinities of the Socotra Bunting Emberiza socotrana . Ostrich 85(1): 103-106.

Schweizer, M and H Shirihai. 2013. Phylogeny of the Oenanthe lugens complex (Aves, Muscicapidae: Saxicolinae): Paraphyly of a morphologically cohesive group within a recent radiation of open-habitat chats. Mol. Phyl. & Evo l. 69 (3): 450–461.

Schweizer, M and R Burri. 2019. Trends in systematics: New insights in taxonomy of wheatears. Dutch Birding 41(2): 115-120

Schweizer, M, H Shirihai, H Schmaljohann and GM Kirwan. 2017. Phylogeography of the House Bunting complex: discordance between species limits and genetic markers. J. Orn. doi 10.1007/s10336-017-1501-4 Schweizer, M, Y Liu, U Olsson, H Shirihai, Q Huang, PJ Leader, J Luis Copete, GM Kirwan, G Chen and L Svensson. 2018. Contrasting patterns of diversification in two sister species of martins (Aves: Hirundinidae): the Sand Martin Riparia riparia and the Pale Martin R. diluta , Mol. Phyl. Evol .. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.026 Schweizer, M, V Warmuth, NA Kakhki, M Aliabadian, M Förschler, H Shirihai, A Suh and R Burri. 2019a. Parallel plumage color evolution and introgressive hybridization in wheatears. J. Evol. Biol . 32: 100-110. doi: 10.1111/jeb.13401

Schweizer, M, V Warmuth, NA Kakhki, M Aliabadian, M Förschler, H Shirihai, P Ewels, J Gruselius, RA Olsen, H Schielzeth, A Suh and R Burri. 2019b. Genome-wide evidence supports mitochondrial relationships and pervasive parallel phenotypic evolution in open-habitat chats. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 139: doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106568. Schüz, E. 1959. Die Vogelwelt des Südkaspichen Tieflandes. Nägele & Obermiller. Stuttgart, West Germany.

Scordato, ESC and RJ Safran. 2014. Geographic variation in sexual selection and implications for speciation in the Barn Swallow. Avian Research 5: 8 doi:10.1186/s40657-014-0008-4

Scott, DA. 2008. Rare Birds in Iran in the late 1960s and 1970s. Podoces 3(1): 1-30

Scott, DA and A Adhami. 2006. An Updated Checklist of the Birds of Iran. Podoces 1 (1/2): 1-16.

Sëma, AM. 1985. Ptitsy Bayanaula. [The birds of Bayanaul]. Ornitologiya 20: 88-91. [In Russian].

Semenov, GA, EA Koblik, YA Red'kin, and AV Badyaev. 2018. Extensive phenotypic diversification coexists with little genetic divergence and a lack of population structure in the White Wagtail subspecies complex (Motacilla alba ). J. Evol. Biol. doi: 10.1111/jeb.13305 Serra, G. 2005. Dunn's Lark Eremelauda dunni - a first record for Syria. Sandgrouse 27(1): 77-78.

Serra, G, G Al Qaim, MS Abadallah, A Kanani and AK Assaed. 2005. A long-term bird survey in the central Syrian desert (2000-2004): Part 2 – a provisional annotated checklist. Sandgrouse 27 (2): 104-125

Sharma, N, SK Rana, P Raina, R Amir and MA Kichloo. 2018. An annotated checklist of the birds of upper Chenab catchment, Jammu & Kashmir, India. J. Threatened Taxa 10(7): 11869–11894. http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3464.10.7.11869-11894

Sharpe, RB. 1886a. On a collection of birds from Fao, in the Persian Gulf. With Notes by the Collector, WD Cumming. Ibis 28: 475-493.

Sharpe, RB. 1886b. On a Collection of Birds from Bushire, in the Persian Gulf. 'A valuable consignment from Mr JA Palmer.' Ibis 28: 493-499.

Sharpe, RB. 1891. Notes on a second Collection of Birds made by Mr WD Cumming at Fao, in the Persian Gulf. Ibis 33: 103-116.

Shaw, DN. 2008 Chestnut-eared Bunting on Fair Isle: new to Britain. Brit. Birds 101: 235-240.

Sheldon, FH, LA Whittingham, RG Moyle, B Slikas and DW Winkler. 2005. Phylogeny of swallows (Aves:Hirundinidae) estimated from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 35: 254–270.

Shimba, T. 2007. A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Japan and North-East Asia . Helm. London. UK.

Shirihai, H. 1996. The Birds of Israel . Academic Press. London. UK.

Shirihai, H. 1999. Fifty species new to Israel , 1979-1998: their discovery and documentation, with tips on identification. Sandgrouse 21(1): 45-105.

Shirihai, H and L Svensson. 2018. Handbook of Western Palearctic Birds: Passerines: 2 vols . Helm. London, UK.

Shirihai, H, G Gargallo and AJ Helbig. 2001. Sylvia Warblers. Identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Sylvia . Helm. A&C Black. London. UK.

Shirihai, H, G Kirwan and A Helbig. 2011. A new taxon in the Mourning Wheatear complex. Bull BOC 131(4): 270-291.

Shirihai, H, M Schweizer, G M. Kirwan and L Svensson. 2014. Saxicola syenitica Heuglin, 1869 (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), an overlooked taxon of Oenanthe ? Zootaxa 3785(1): 1-24

Shokouhi, A, P Bakhtiari and A Khaleghizadeh. 2018. First confirmed record of Bank Myna Acridotheres gingianus from Iran, with previous reports from the Tehran urban environment. Sandgrouse 40(1): 36-37.

Showler, DA. 2017. Breeding range extension of Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti in Uzbekistan. Sandgrouse 39(1): 68.

Showler, DA, MA Koshkin, RJ Burnside and PM Dolman. 2014. Breeding observations of and spring-summer habitat use by Turkestan Ground Jay Podoces panderi . BirdingASIA 22: 107-111. Shukurov, GSh. 1962. Fauna pozvonochnykh zhivotnykh gor Bol’shie Balkhany. [Vertebrate fauna of the Bolshoy Balkhan mountains ]. Akad. Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR. Ashkhabad. Turkmen SSR. [In Russian]. pp159.

Sjögren, I. 2016. First record of Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus for Azerbaijan. Sandgrouse 38(2): 199-200.

Skakuj, M and T Stawarcyk. 1997. Five new bird species in Bahrain. Sandgrouse 19(1): 39-44.

Smith, EC. 1974. Some additional information on birds in Afghanistan. Ardea 62: 226-235.

Smiles, M. 2016. Large-billed Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus magnirostris in the United Arab Emirates - first record for Arabia. Sandgrouse 38(2): 201-204.

Sokolovskis, K, G Bianco, M Willemoes, D Solovyeva, S Bensch and S Åkesson. 2018. Ten grams and 13,000 km on the wing – route choice in willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis migrating from Far East Russia to East Africa. Movement Ecol. 6(20): https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-018-0138-0 Sokolovskis, K, M Lundberg, M Liedvogel, D Solovyeva, S Åkesson M Willemoes and S Bensch. 2019. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the East Siberian Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis Ticehurst, 1935) in relation to the European subspecies. J. Orn. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01653-y Song, G, R Zhang, P Alström, M Irestedt, T Cai, Y Qu, PGP Ericson, J Fjeldså, and F Lei. 2017. Complete taxon sampling of the avian genus Pica (magpies) reveals ancient relictual populations and synchronous Late-Pleistocene demographic expansion across the Northern Hemisphere. J. Avian Biol . MS. doi:10.1111/jav.01612 Song, K, P Halvarsson, Y Fang, J Barnaby, N Germogenov, Y Sun and J Höglund. 2020. Genetic differentiation in Sichuan jay (Perisoreus internigrans ) and its sibling species Siberian jay (P. infaustus ). Conserv. Genet . 9pp. doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01252-y

Sørensen, UG. 2016, Unusual breeding site for Brown-necked Raven Corvus ruficollis , Luxor, Egypt. Sandgrouse 38(2): 205-206.

Spencer, ST, C Pilcher and PJ Cowan. 2007. The first breeding record of Thick-billed Lark Ramphocoris clotbey in Kuwait and concomitant behavioural observations. Sandgrouse 29(2): 205-208.

Štašťny, K and V Bejcek. 2002. Observations on the breeding biology and population of Socotra Cisticola haesitatus . Sandgrouse 24(2): 117-121. van Steenis, JH. 2014. Trends in systematics: Taxonomy of 'horned larks'. Dutch Birding 36(3): 188-194.

Stepanyan, LS. 1990. Conspectus of the ornithological fauna of the USSR . Nauka, Moscow. USSR.

Stepanyan, L.S. 2003. Conspectus of the ornithological fauna of Russia and adjacent territories (within the borders of the USSR as a historic region) . Академкнига, Moscow, Russia.

Stervander, M, P Alström, U Olsson, U Ottosson, B Hansson and S Bensch. 2016. Multiple instances of paraphyletic species and cryptic taxa revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear RAD data for Calandrella larks (Aves: Alaudidae). Mol. Phyl. Evol. 102: 233–245 Suleiman, AS and N Taleb. 2010. Eradication of the House Crow Corvus splendens on Socotra, Yemen. Sandgrouse 32(2): 136-140.

Summers, RW, RIG Dawson and RE Phillips. 2007. Assortative mating and patterns of inheritance indicate that the three crossbill taxa in Scotland are species. J. Av. Biol 38: 153-162.

Svensson, L, M Collinson, AG Knox, DT Parkin and G Sangster. 2005. Species limits in the Red-breasted Flycatcher. Brit. Birds 98: 538-541.

Svennson, L. 2012. A new subspecies of Western Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis and criteria for separating Western from Eastern Orphean Warbler S. hortensis . Bull. BO C 133: 75-83.

Svensson, L. 2013. A taxonomic revision of the Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans . Bull. BOC 133(3): 240-248.

Svensson, L, R Prŷs-Jones, PC Rasmussen and U Olsson. 2008. Discovery of ten new specimens of Large-billed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orinus , and new insights into its distributional range. J. Avian Biol . 39: 605-610.

Svensson, L, K Mullarney and D Zetterström. 2009. Collins Bird Guide, 2nd Edition. HarperCollins. London, UK.

Svensson, L, H Shirihai, S Franert and EC Dickinson. 2012. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the Stonechat complex Saxicola torquatus sensu lato in the Caspian region. Bull. BOC. 132(4): 260-269.

Tajkova, SU and AA Red'kin. 2014. The Northern Shrike Lanius borealis sibiricus Bogdanov, 1881 (Aves: Laniidae) in Ukraine: a taxonomic assessment. J. Nat. Mus. (Prague) Nat. Hist. Series 183(8): 89-107.

Tanneberger, F. & Kubacka, J. (Eds). 2018. The Aquatic Warbler Conservation Handbook . Brandenburg State Office for Environment (LfU), Potsdam. https://www.researchgate.net/home

Tebb, G and N Hamidan. 2002. The first Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica in Jordan. Sandgrouse 24 (1): 53-54. Teglhøj, PG. 2018. Artificial nests for Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica : a conservation option for a declining passerine? Bird Study 65(3): 385-395

Ten, A, R Tizard and V Soldatov. 2019. First record of Rüppell's Warbler Curruca ruppeli for Uzbekistan and Central Asia. Sandgrouse 41(2): 209-210.

Thorup, K, IH Sørensen, M Willemoes, M Lerche-Jørgensen, J Fjeldså , AP Tøttrup, EM Jacobsen, AH Reeve, R Oteng-Appau, A Asamoah and T Lehmberg. 2019. Winter site use by Afro-Palearctic migrants in Ghana: site persistence and densities of Willow Warbler, Pied Flycatcher, Melodious Warbler and Common Redstart. Ostrich 90(2): 173–177. Ticehurst, CB, PZ Cox and RE Cheesman. 1925. Birds of the Persian Gulf Islands. J. BNHS. 31: 725-733.

Ticehurst, CB, PZ Cox and RE Cheesman. 1926. Additional notes on the avifauna of Iraq. J. BNHS. 31: 91-119.

Tietze, DT, M Päckert, J Martens, H Lehmann and Y-H. Sun. 2013. Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus ). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 169: 215-234.

Tietze DT, J Martens and Y-H Sun. 2006. Molecular phylogeny of treecreepers (Certhia) detects hidden diversity. Ibis 148:477-488.

Timmins, RJ, N Mostafawi, AM Rajabii, H Noori, S Ostrowski, U Olsson, L Svensson and C Poole. 2009. The discovery of Large-billed Reed Warblers Acrocephalus orinus in north-eastern Afghanistan. BirdingASIA 12: 42-45.

Tobias, JA, N Seddon, CN Spottiswoode, JD Pilgrim, LDC Fishpool and NJ Collar. 2010. Quantitative criteria for species delimitation. Ibis doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01051.x

Tohidifar, M and A Khaleghizadeh. 2017. Recent records of Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus further north in Iran and an apparent breeding colony in Tehran Province. Sandgrouse 39(1): 23-25.

Tolvanen, P, Pynnönen, E Bragin and T Bragina. 2005. Birding in the steppes, wetlands and forests of Kostanay region, Kazakhstan. Alula 2005(2): 64-72.

Töpfer, T 2012. Seasonal changes in plumage coloration of Orange Bullfinches Pyrrhula aurantiaca . Forktail 28: 49-52.

Tøttrup, AP, L Pedersen, A Onrubia, RHG Klaassen, and K Thorup 2017. Migration of red-backed shrikes from the Iberian Peninsula: Optimal or sub-optimal detour? J. Av. Biol . 48: 149–154. https ://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01352

Tritsch, C, J Martens, Y-H Sun, W, Heim, P Strutzenberger and M Päckert. 2017. Improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma – A case study of two enigmatic Chinese tit species (Aves, Passeriformes, Paridae, Poecile ). Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 107: 538-550. Tritsch, C, H Stuckas, J Martens, S Pentzold, L Kvist, M Lo Valvo, G Giacalone, DT Tietze, AA Nazarenko and M Päckert. 2018. Gene flow in the European coal tit, Periparus ater (Aves: Passeriformes): low among Mediterranean populations but high in a continental contact zone. Biol. J. Linn. Soc . 20: 1-20. T&R = Turner, A and C Rose. 1989. A Handbook to the swallows and martins of the world . Helm. London. UK.

Tye, A. 1994. A description of the Middle Eastern black morph of Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens from museum specimens. Sandgrouse 16(1): 28-31.

Tyler, SJ. 2004. Family Motacillidae (Pipits and wagtails). In: del Hoyo, J, A Elliott and D Christie. Eds. Handbook of birds of the world Vol. 9 : 686-786. Lynx Edicions. Barcelona, Spain.

Ullman, M and M Ullman. 2016. Olive-backed Pipits Anthus hodgsoni in Hormozgan, south Iran, January 2016. Sandgrouse 38(2): 211-213.

Urquhart, E. 2002. Stonechats . Helm. London. UK. van der Ven, J. 2002. Looking at Birds in Kyrgyz Republic. Rarity. Bishkek. Kyrgyz Republic. (In English and Russian).

Vaurie, C. 1956. Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 24 Ploceidae: the genera Passer , Petronia , and . Amer Mus Novit 1814.

Vaurie, C. 1959. The birds of the Palearctic Fauna. Order Passeriformes. HF and G Witherby. London, UK.

Verbeek, NAM and P Hendricks. 1994. American Pipit (Anthus rubescens ). In: Poole, A and F Gill. Eds. The Birds of North America 95. The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC, The American Ornithologists' Union. Philadelphia, USA.

Vickery, JA, SR Ewing, KW Smith, DJ Pain, F Bairlein, J Škorpilová and RD Gregory. 2014. The decline of Afro-Palaearctic migrants and an assessment of potential causes. Ibis . 156: 1-22.

Vielliard, J. 1969. Données biogéographiques sur l'Avifauna d'Asie Occidentale (première partie). Alauda 37: 273-300.

Viganò, M and A Corso. 2015. Morphological differences between two subspecies of Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764) (Passeriformes Muscicapidae). Biodiversity J. 6(1): 271-284 Voelker, G. 1999. Molecular evolutionary relationships in the avian genus Anthus (Pipits: Motacillidae). Mol. Phyl. Evol. 11: 84-94.

Voelker, G and J Klicka. 2008. Systematics of Zoothera thrushes, and a synthesis of true thrush molecular systematic relationships. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 49:377-381.

Voelker, G and RK Outlaw. 2008. Establishing a perimeter position: speciation round the Indian Ocean Basin. J. Evol. Biol. 21: 1779-1788. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01588.x

Voelcker, G and J Light. 2011. Palaeoclimatic events, dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro-European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in Sylvia warblers. BMC Evol. Biol . 11(163): 1-13

Voelker, G, S Rohwer, RCK Bowie and DC Outlaw. 2007. Molecular systematics of a speciose, cosmopolitan songbird genus: defining the limits of, and relationships among the Turdus thrushes. Mol. Phyl. Evol . 42(2): 422-434.

Voelker, G, JW Huntley, JV Peñalba, RC. Bowie. 2016. Resolving taxonomic uncertainty and historical biogeographic patterns in Muscicapa flycatchers and their allies, Mol. Phyl. Evol . doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.026

Vokurková, J, T Petrusková, R Reifová, A Kozman, L Mořkovský, S Kipper, M Weiss, J Reif, PT Dolata and A Petrusek. 2013. The Causes and Evolutionary Consequences of Mixed Singing in Two Hybridizing Songbird Species (Luscinia spp.) PLOS One e60172 11pp. Voous, KH. 1979. Capricious taxonomic history of Isabelline Shrike. Brit. Birds . 72: 573-578.

Votier, SC, S Aspinall, S Bearhop, D Bilton, J Newton, P Alström, P Leader, G Carey, RW Furness and U Olsson. 2016. Stable isotopes and mtDNA reveal niche segregation but no evidence of intergradation along a habitat gradient in the Lesser Whitethroat complex (Sylvia curruca ; Passeriformes; Aves). J. Orn . doi 10.1007/s10336-016-1351-5 Wallace, DIM. 1982. Observations on migrant birds at Azraq and north-east Jordan up to April 1967. Sandgrouse 4: 77-99.

Wallace, DIM. 1983. The first identification of the Eastern Pied Wheatear in Jordan. Sandgrouse 5: 102-103.

Wallace, DIM. 1988. Eastern Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens (species account - part). In: Cramp, S. (Ed). Birds of the Western Palearctic, vol V. OUP. Oxford, UK.

Wallace, DIM. 2018. Azraq blues: a brief history of a Jordanian oasis drunk dry. Sandgrouse Supplement 4: 19-24.

Walter, BA and PJ Jones. 2008. Family oriolidae (orioles). In: in del Hoyo, J, A Elliot and J Sargatal. (Eds), Handbook of the birds of the world Vol. 13. Penduline-tits to shrikes . Lynx Edicions. Barcelona, Spain/Cambridge, UK..

Walther, B. 2006. The winter distribution and habitat use of the near-threatened Cinereous Bunting Emberiza cineracea . Sandgrouse 28(1): 52-57.

Walton, C. 2011. Eastern nominate Luscinia m. megarhyncos in Cyprus in 2011. Sandgrouse 33(2): 174-176

Warr, E. 1992. A provisional list of the birds of South Yemen (formerly Aden Protectorate and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, now part of the Republic of Yemen. Socotra excluded ). Typewritten OSME Report.

W&O 2007. = Wassink, A and GJ Oreel. 2007. The Birds of Kazakhstan. Arend Wassink. Cocksdorp. Texel The Netherlands.

W&O 2008. = Wassink, A and GJ Oreel. 2008. Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data. Dutch Birding 30(2): 93-100

Wassink, A. 2009. Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data, part 2. Dutch Birding 31(2): 101-109.

Wassink, A. 2010a. Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data, part 3. Dutch Birding 32(2): 128-130.

Wassink, A. 2010b. Status of East Siberian Wagtail Motacilla (alba) ocularis in Kazakhstan. Sandgrouse 32(1): 39-40.

Wassink, A. 2011. Occurrence of Western Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis in Kazakhstan, in relation to its recent eastwards expansion in Russia. Sandgrouse 33(2): 109-111

Wassink, A. 2013. Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data, part 4. Dutch Birding 35(1): 30-34.

Wassink, A. 2015a. Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data, part 6. Dutch Birding 37(1): 28-32.

Wassink, A. 2015b. The new Birds of Kazakhstan . De Cocksdorp. Texel, Nederland.

Wassink, A. 2016. Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data, part 7. Dutch Birding 38(6): 388-392. Wassink, A. 2018. Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data, part 8. Dutch Birding 40(1): 32-35.

Wassink, A, R Ahmed, S Busuttil and A Salemgareev. 2011. Oriental Plover, Franklin's Gull, Syrian Woodpecker and Masked Shrike new to Kazakhstan. Dutch Birding 33(3): 239-244

Welch G and H Welch. 2006 Fan-tailed Raven Corvus rhipidurus - first record for Turkey. Sandgrouse 28(1): 68-69.

Wei, C, L Dong, S-H Li, P Alström, Y Liu, C Xia, C-T Yao and Y Zhang. 2019. From Himalayas to Continental Island: Integrative species delimitation in the Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler Horornis fortipes complex. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 131: 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.009 Weller, A-A. 2018. First record of subsong and vocal duetting in the Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus , United Arab Emirates. Sandgrouse 40(2): 157-161.

Wells, MG. 1998. World Bird Species Checklist: with alternative English and scientific names . Worldlist. Bushey. Herts. UK.

Wernham, C, M Toms, J Marchant, J Clarke, G Siriwardena and S Baillie. 2002. The Migration Atlas; movements of the birds of Britain and Ireland . T&AD Poyser. London. UK.

Whistler, H. 1945. Materials for the Ornithology of Afghanistan. Part 3. JBNHS 45(2): 106-122. (Meinertzhagen Phylloscopus sindianus specimen account p109.)

Williams, JG. 1955. A systematic revision and the natural history of the Shining Sunbird in Africa. The Condor 57(5): 249-262.

Wink, M. 2011. Evolution und Phylogenie der Vögel- Taxonomisch Konsequenzen. Vogelwarte 49: 17-24.

Wink, M, H Sauer-Gürth and E Gwinner. 2002. Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting. Brit. Birds . 95: 349-355.

Winkel, E, H Amini, M van Roomen and J Schelvis. 2010. Bird Counting in Iran in January 2009. Dutch Birding 32(3): 171-188.

Winkler, H, W van Dongen and J Hering . 2012. Der enigmatische Teichrohrsänger-Komplex Acrocephalus [scirpaceus] : Zimtrohrsänger A. baeticatus auf der Iberischen Halbinsel? [The enigmatic reed-warbler-complex Acrocephalus [scirpaceus ]: African Reed Warbler A. baeticatus in the Iberian Peninsula?] Limicola 26: 310-321 . Witherby, HF. 1903. An Ornithological Journey in Fars, South-west Persia. Ibis 3(8): 501-571.

Wittmann, U, P Heidrich, M Wink and E Gwinner. 1995. Speciation in the Stonechat (Saxicola torquata ) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome-b gene. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res . 33: 116-122.

Woog, F, M Wink, E Rastegar-Pouyani, J Gonzalez and B Helm. 2009. Distinct taxonomic position of the Madagascar Stonechat (Saxicola torquatus sibilla ) revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA. J Orn . (Sep 2009) DOI 10.1007/s10336-008- 0290-1 Worgan, JG. 1966. (Original submission on Petrochelidon swallows off Port Sudan Lost) Summarised In: Reports of Land Birds at Sea by Captain GS Tuck, DSO, RN MBOU. Ed. The Sea Swallow 18: 44-46

WBDB = World Bird Database. 2008. Middle East National Bird Lists. (16 countries). Forwarded to the ORL team by BirdLife International.

Yahya, HAS and M Salamah. 1996. The Asir Magpie: Results of Recent Field Studies. Phoenix 13: 13-14.

Yang, M-X, Q-X Wang, H Xiao and C Yang. 2016. Sequencing complete mitochondrial genome of Lanius sphenocercus sphenocercus (Passeriformes: Laniidae) using Illunima HiSeq 2500. Mt DNA Part B , 1(1): 306-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2016.1167640 Yosef, R. and ISWG ( International Shrike Working Group). 2008. In: del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, J Sargatal, DA Christie and E de Juana. (Eds 2014). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive .Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Zarudny [Sarudny] NA. 1903. Einige neue spezies und Subspezies paläarktischer Vogelarten. Ornithologische Monatsberichte. 11(9): 130-131.

Zarudny, NA. 1911. Verzeichnis der Vögel Persiens. Journal für Ornithologie. Leipzig, 59: 185-241.

Zduniak, P, R Yosef, KJ Bensusan, CE Perez and P tryjanowski. 2015. Biometry and phenology of two sibling Phylloscopus warblers on their circum-Mediterranean migrations. ZooKeys 530: 113–127. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.530.5955

Zehtindjiev, P, M Ilieva, B Hansson, O Oparina, M Oparin and S Bensch. 2010. Population genetic structure in the paddyfield warbler. (Acrocephalus agricola Jerd.) Curr. Zool . (in press).

Zhang, W, G Liang, Z-H Yin, H-F Zhao, H-J Wang and A Krištín. 2007. Taxonomic status of eight Asian shrike species (Lanius ): phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b and CoI gene sequences. Acta Ornithologica 42(2): 173-180.

Zhao, M, P Alström, U Olsson, Y Qu and F Lei. 2016. Phylogenetic position of the Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria . J. Orn. doi: 10.1007/s10336-016-1340-8 Zink, RM, S Rohwer, AV Andreev and DL Dittmann. 1995. Trans-Beringia comparisons of mitochondrial DNA differentiation in birds. Condor . 97(3): 639-649.

Zink, RM, A Pavlova, S Rohwer and SV Drovetski. 2006a. Barn swallows before barns: population histories and intercontinental colonizations. Proc. R. Soc. B. 273: 1245-1251. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3414

Zink, RM, SV Drovetski and S Rohwer. 2006b. Selective neutrality of mitochondrial sequences, phylogeography and species limits in Sitta europaea . Mol. Phylog. & Evol . 40: 679-686.

Zink RM, A Pavlova, S Drovetski, M Wink and S Rohwer. 2009. Taxonomic status and evolutionary history of the Saxicola torquata complex. Mol Phyl. Evol . 52(3): 769-773.

Zuccon, D, E Pasquet and PGP Ericsson. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships among Palearctic–Oriental starlings and mynas (genera Sturnus and Acridotheres : Sturnidae). Zool. Scr . 37: 469–481.

Zuccon, D and PGP Ericson. 2010a. The Monticola rock-thrushes: phylogeny, and biogeography revisited. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 55: 901-910

Zuccon, D and PGP Ericson. 2010b. A multi-gene phylogeny disentangles the chat-flycatcher complex (Aves: Muscicapidae). Zool. Scr. 39 (3): 213–224

Zuccon, D, R Prŷs-Jones, P Rasmussen and PGP Ericson. 2012. The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae). Mol Phyl. Evol. 62: 581-596.

Zuccon, D, J-M Pons, G Boano, G Chiozzi, A Gamauf†, C Mengoni, D Nespoli, G Olioso, M Pavia, I Pellegrino, M Raković, E Randi, HR Idrissi, M Touihri, M Unsöld, S Vitulano and M Brambilla. 2020. Type specimens matter: new insights on the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature of the subalpine warbler (Sylvia cantillans ) complex. Z. J. Linn. Soc. XX: 1-28. Zwarts, L, RG Bijlsma, J vd Kamp and E Wymenga. 2009. Living on the edge: wetlands and birds in a changing Sahel. KNNV. Zeist, The Netherlands.

The Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia (OSME)