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The India Checklist The India Checklist VOL. 11 NOS. 5 & 6 | Vol. 11 Nos. 5 & 6 11 | Vol. BIRDS Indian CONTENTS Indian BIRDS 113 A checklist of the birds of India www.indianbirds.in VOL. 11 NOS. 5 & 6 Praveen J., Rajah Jayapal & Aasheesh Pittie DATE OF PUBLICATION: 14 JULY 2016 Introduction ISSN 0973-1407 113 How to use the India Checklist EDITOR: Aasheesh Pittie 118 [email protected] The India Checklist ASSOCIATE EDITORS: V. Santharam, Praveen J. 123 EDITORIAL BOARD Appendix 1. List of bird species known/presumed/hypothesised to occur in South Asia, Maan Barua, Anwaruddin Choudhury 165 Bill Harvey, Farah Ishtiaq, Rajah Jayapal, Girish Jathar but excluded from the India Checklist either for want of corroboration, or on account of Ragupathy Kannan, Madhusudan Katti their absence from Indian limits R. Suresh Kumar, Taej Mundkur, Rishad Naoroji Prasad Ganpule, Suhel Quader Appendix 2. List of bird species endemic to India Harkirat Singh Sangha, C. Sashikumar 169 Manoj Sharma, S. Subramanya, K. S. Gopi Sundar 172 Index CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS Clement Francis, Ramki Sreenivasan LAYOUT & COVER DESIGN: K. Jayaram OffICE: P. Rambabu Editorial NEW ORNIS FOUNDATION The publication of the India Checklist is a milestone for Indian Registration No. 314/2004 ornithology—as it is a first. Ideally, a rarities committee is an essential part of such an exercise. It’s brief is to whet records that FOUNDER TRUSTEES Zafar Futehally (1920–2013) add new species to the country list, or grapple with the provenance Aasheesh Pittie, V. Santharam of those that perch on the branch of hypotheticals. Since such a committee does not exist in India, the authors of this checklist TRUSTEES were at pains—communicating worldwide with specialists, original Aasheesh Pittie, V. Santharam, Rishad Naoroji, observers, photographers, museum collection curators, etc.—to Taej Mundkur, S. Subramanya, Suhel Quader, Praveen J. scrutinise every hypothetical, or new record before including, or excluding a species. AIMS & OBJECTIVES • To publish a newsletter that will provide a platform to The formation of an Indian Birds Records and Rarities birdwatchers for publishing notes and observations Committee has been discussed at Indian BIRDS for some time primarily on birds of South Asia. now, and with the publication of the India Checklist, it's time this • To promote awareness of birdwatching amongst the is furthered. Publication of updates to the India Checklist should general public. ideally be entrusted to such a committee. Till one is formed, the authors will publish updates keeping up with the ornithology of • To establish and maintain links/liaison with other associations or organized bodies in India or abroad the times. whose objectives are in keeping with the objectives of the Trust (i.e. to support amateur birdwatchers with Faunal checklists are not static, but dynamic by their very cash / kind for projects in ornithology). nature—as they record a living world. They need to change quickly when required, or they become redundant. The molecular studies UBSCRIPTION nfORMATION revolution sweeping through avian systematics and taxonomy, S I and the phenomenal increase in the numbers of birdwatchers, Type Annual 3-year and photographers in India, are drivers that will ensure changes to Individual Rs. 300 Rs. 900 the India Checklist in future. To keep up with the jacanas, Indian Institution Rs. 800 Rs. 2,400 Foreign Individual $30 $90 BIRDS will upload updates of the India Checklist on its website. Foreign Institution $85 $225 Besides this, we will also upload it in Excel format to enable users to modify it for personal use. – Aasheesh Pittie Please make payments favouring NEW ORNIS FOUNDATION For online payment: http://www.indianbirds.in/subscription-india/ Send subscriptions to: FRONT COVER & BACK COVER: All the families of Indian birds New Ornis Foundation, 2nd Flr, BBR Forum, Rd. No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India. ARTIST: Rohan Chakravarty PRAVEEN, JAYAPAL & PITTIE: The India Checklist 113 A checklist of the birds of India Praveen J., Rajah Jayapal & Aasheesh Pittie Praveen J., Jayapal, R., & Pittie, A., 2016. A checklist of the birds of India. Indian BIRDS 11 (5&6): 113–172. Praveen J., B303, Shriram Spurthi, ITPL Main Road, Brookefields, Bengaluru 560037, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] Rajah Jayapal, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore 641108, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: [email protected] [Corresponding author]. Aasheesh Pittie, 2nd Floor, BBR Forum, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper presents a definitive Checklist of birds of India (‘the India Checklist’) in a modern taxonomy. We have reviewed all the past records of bird species from within the political boundaries of the Republic of India and have included only those species whose occurrence within the country is well corroborated. In this process, we follow ‘The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World’ (4th Edition) for taxonomy and species sequence. In total, the India Checklist acknowledges inclusion of 1263 species of birds out of which 61 (4.8%) are endemic to India. Taxonomically, it covers 23 orders, 107 families, and 498 genera. We hope that the India Checklist—a systematic, peer-reviewed baseline data for the country’s avifauna— will standardise the taxonomy, and nomenclature, of Indian birds and will streamline communications in Indian ornithology. We also plan to regularly update the India Checklist online, which will be freely available to all users. Introduction comprehensive inventory of the birds of British India (including A brief history of Indian checklists Myanmar), based on the Fauna, with some additions. Recognising the need for a revision of the Indian bird list, since the publication The Republic of India (hereinafter, India), with a geographical of the first of Fauna series in 1890s, E. C. Stuart Baker published land area of 32,87,263 sq. km. (Anon. 2015), ranks among the an updated ‘hand-list’ of the birds of British India, along with their top ten countries in the world in terms of most number of bird distribution ranges, first as a series of papers in theJournal of species (Lepage 2016); covering 2.2% of the world’s terrestrial the Bombay Natural History Society (hereinafter, JBNHS; Baker landmass, India is known to harbour about 12.5% of its avifauna. 1920, 1921a,b,c, 1922a,b,c, 1923a), and later as a standalone This spectacular diversity is believed to have arisen from multiple hand book (1923b); He was subsequently commissioned to factors that include its unique biogeographical, and ecological write the eight-volume series on the birds of India (1922d, 1924, history, its heterogeneity of physical features, and a high degree 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929,1930a,b), as part of the second edition of eco-climatic variations—ranging from tropical to temperate. of the Fauna of British India series (hereinafter, New Fauna). Given this avifaunal richness, and the fact that scientific Indian Over the next 30 years, the New Fauna served as an authoritative ornithology goes back three centuries, it may surprise many that reference on the birds of the Subcontinent. the total number of bird species recorded from India is still a This period also witnessed a sea change in our understanding matter of conjecture, often drawn from regional ornithological of avian taxonomy and species sequence, with two of the most literature. A definite number is still elusive in the absence of an influential classifications of the time—one by Alexander Wetmore authentic checklist of the country’s avifauna. (1960), and the other by J. L. Peters and his successors (1931– Edward Blyth (1850a,b, 1851) first compiled and published a three-part checklist of birds of the erstwhile British Dominions 1987)—being increasingly adopted by ornithological societies in South Asia. This was followed, a decade later, by T. C. Jerdon’s and institutions worldwide. Back home, Biswamoy Biswas (1952) monumental two-volume treatise (published in three parts) ‘The compiled a reference list of the genera of Indian birds. With a birds of India’ (1862, 1863, 1864), which was also the first view to presenting an annotated checklist of the Subcontinent’s systematic attempt in the Indian Subcontinent (hereinafter, the birds in conformity with modern taxonomy, S. D. Ripley II (1961, Subcontinent) to assign English names to Indian birds, as they 1982) published his Synopsis following Wetmore’s classification. were, till then, only known by their ‘Latin’ names. Jerdon’s works The ‘Synopsis’ is perhaps the first systematic checklist of the birds were edited and reprinted by H. H. Godwin-Austen (Jerdon of the Subcontinent, in post-independent India, with detailed 1877a,b,c) with additional notes that Jerdon had published in Ibis, annotations on distribution, status, and movements of each taxon post the original edition. In 1879, A. O. Hume prepared a ‘rough at the subspecies level. It was also the basis for the monumental tentative list of birds of India’ updating Jerdon’s list. But it was ten-volume Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan towards the end of the nineteenth century that the region’s first (hereinafter, Handbook) (Ali & Ripley 1968–1974, 1978–1983a, encyclopedic work on its avifauna was published, in four volumes, 1986, 1996–1999), widely regarded as the ‘Bible’ in Indian in the ‘Fauna of British India’ (hereinafter, Fauna) series; Eugene ornithological literature; also hugely popular in its ‘Compact Oates (1889, 1890) authored the first two volumes, and William Edition’ (Ali & Ripley 1983b, 1987). Both the Synopsis, and the Blanford (1895, 1898), the latter. At around the same time, Handbook—particularly for the passerines—drew heavily on the James A. Murray brought out his compendium on the avifauna unpublished manuscripts of Hugh Whistler (1889–1943), and C. of British India and its dependencies (including Afghanistan and B.
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