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Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 8, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

ISSN: 0975-833X REVIEW ARTICLE

A GUIDE TO A COMPLETE ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF ETHIOPIA

*Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh

Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Zoologist (Ornithologist), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: Ethiopia is a country where major habitat block is contained within political boundaries, having a high

th degree of endemicity in both fauna and flora. This annotated checklist of birds exploresthe current Received 28 March, 2016 Received in revised form status and distribution of the 926 birds’ species of Ethiopia, providing a text with a brief description 23rd April, 2016 and information on habitat, distribution, habits, breeding. Furthermore, threats and IUCN category are Accepted 19th May, 2016 covered. Moreover, a complete list of all known localities is added for each species. I thought birds Published online 30th June, 2016 would be ideal. There was plenty of data available, much as yet ungathered. This annotated checklist of birds is a vital tool for everyone wishing to contribute to our knowledge of the world's birds and to Key words: avian conservation. Effective conservation planning can only be based on a sound knowledge of the species, sites and habitats in need of protection. To make the best decisions, it is most important that Avifauna, the information on which such decisions are made is as accurate, systematic and representative as Endangered, possible. A recent Ornithological knowledge on the complete check list of – Ethiopia avifauna have Endemicity, been compiled in this annotated checklist. It is our intention that these checklists will ease the Ethiopia, scientific inquiry into the conservation of Ethiopian avifauna. The checklist sought to initiate the IUCN, restoration of the depleted bird populations, and protect their threatened ecosystem. As well, it will Ornithological knowledge. help to develop Ornithological conservation psychology packages of important bird areas of the country. The annotated checklist will serve as baseline information for i) conducting baseline surveys and household surveys to understand local people’s attitudes towards bird conservation ii) training of youths and community leaders iii) development of community leadership, iv) information dissemination and v) community support building through introduction of conservation incentives. Conducting more birds’ surveys in other unidentified areas vii) creation of community forests/wetlands in designated key sites for the conservation of bird species viii) development of a community-based eco-tourism programme based on birds’ and wildlife watching as well as the aesthetic value of their natural environments. Generally, this annotated checklist will fill the exsting knowdlge gap observed in the aviafauna list of Ethiopia.

Copyright©2016, Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Citation: Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, 2016. “A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia”, International Journal of Current

Research, 8, (06), 33029-33050.

INTRODUCTION of at least two species fall entirely within the boundary of the EBA. Following this simple definition, a total of 218 EBAs Biodiversity and Birds has been identified across the world, covering the ranges of 93% of restricted-range birds (2,451 species). The majority of A total of 218 Endemic Bird Areas has been identified across EBAs (77%) are in the tropics and subtropics. There are the world, majority of them are found in the tropics and approximately equal numbers of island EBAs (105) and subtropics. There is good congruence between global patterns mainland EBAs (113). Of the island EBAs, 70% are on of bird endemism, as shown by Endemic Bird Areas, and those oceanic islands, 30% on continental-shelf islands, while for the shown by other biodiversity, including other terrestrial mainland ones, 42% are largely in montane areas, 35% in vertebrates, invertebrates and plants for which data are lowland areas and 24% span both. The predominant natural available.An Endemic Bird Area (EBA) is defined as an area habitat in most EBAs (80%) is forest, especially tropical that encompasses the overlapping breeding ranges of two or lowland and montane moist forest. The number of restricted- more restricted-range land birds, such that the complete ranges range land birds occurring in EBAs varies from two to over 50 (the richest EBAs are the Solomon Islands, the Chocó in *Corresponding author: Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, Colombia and Ecuador,the Atlantic Forest lowlands in Brazil) Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Zoologist (Ornithologist), Addis (Stattersfield et al., 1998). Ababa, Ethiopia. 33030 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

Ethiopia, a landlocked country situated in the Horn of Africa, graculus) has been recorded at 8,080 m on Mt Everest. As has firmly established itself as one of Africa’s top birding members of ecosystem, birds play many roles, including as destinations. Currently, the avifauna of Ethiopia includes a predators, pollinators, scavengers, seed dispersers, seed total of 926 species taxonomically grouped in to 27 orders and predators and ecosystem engineers. Therefore, the animal 155 families of which 24 are endemic and three are rare or species will be given protection because they are of ecological, accidental (EBI, 2015). Out of those total species, at least 596 educational, historical, recreational, aesthetic, economic, and are resident and 224 are regular seasonal migrants, including scientific value to the people of the state (Bibby, 1999; BLI, 176 from the Palearctic, and 13 are shared with Eritrea 2000; Dickinson, 2003). In modern sense birds can be used to (Shimelis and Dellelegn, 2004). In Ethiopia, 73 important Bird provide early warning of environmental problems. The cost in Areas (IBAs) have been identified and of these 30 sites (41% biodiversity damages due to climate change pressure on natural of the total) comprise wetlands, while the rest are ecosystem interconnected with alarming species extinction- representatives of other types of ecosystems (Shimelis and prone. Conserving species and ecosystems can be seen as a Afework, 2008). Wetlands are found everywhere and they moral duty. This aligned both because of their intrinsic right to account nearly for 6.4% of our world. The total area of exist as part of our natural and cultural heritage. Nationally and wetlands in Ethiopia may exceed 22500 km2 (2%) a figure that globally, those who benefit from biodiversity conservation; corresponds with the estimated remaining forest area of the including its dispersed ecosystem services and existence nation. On the other hand, Hillman (1993) listed 77 wetlands values, must be prepared to pay for it, rather than watch it with a total area of 13,699 km2 or 1.4% of the country’s land vanish similar to the amount of the resources needed is such surface. However, other estimates with additional evidences that the major source must be tax revenue, raised by from various sources estimate the total wetland area of governments. The state of the world’s birds therefore tells us a Ethiopia at 22500 km2, some 2% of the country’s land surface lot about the state of the world. However, the distribution of (EWNRA, 2005). To conserve the diverse and important birds is uneven; the different biogeographic realms vary biological resources, 21 National Parks, 11 Wildlife Reserves, substantially in terms of the numbers and types of bird species 3 Sanctuaries, 21 Controlled Hunting Areas, 4 community they hold. By far the richest is the Neotropical realm which conservation areas, 5 open hunting areas, 4 biosphere reserves holds 36% of all known land bird species (3,370 species). This and 58 national forest priority area have been established as is followed by; Afrotropical (21%, 1,950 species), refugee. These protected areas represent only a small fraction Indomalayan (18% 1,700 species), Australasian (17%, 1,590 of the total land mass (about 14% of the total area of the species), and then Palearctic (10%, 937 species), Nearctic (8%, country) and represent only a few of the diverse ecosystems of c. 732 species), Oceanic (2%, 187 species), Antarctic (85 the country (Cherie Enawgaw Beyene, 2013). Ethiopian species) (BLI, 2004; IUCN and UNEP-WCMC, 2014). Today biodiversity institute actively engaged in the science of birds are the most successful of all terrestrial vertebrates, with conserving incredible diversity of life due to their valuable 29 orders containing a total of 181 families and about 10,000 ecosystem service. These conservation activities are part of our species. Ethiopia has 320 (36) known endemic species of policies or pinpoint responsibility. This all results in mammals, 926 (24) birds, 202 (17) reptiles, 73 (30) discovering new species, understanding patterns of amphibians and 200 (40) fish species and 1,249 arthropods 23 biodiversity, and providing sound management are endemic (EBI, 2015; World Resources Institute, 1995). In recommendations to save wild animals and their ecosystem. Africa it ranks the fourth, surpassed by Madagascar, Zaire, There are over 10,000 various species of birds (class Aves) Cameroon and South Africa (WCMC, 1992). grouped to 29 Orders and 181 families currently inhabits the earth across the world (Dickinson, 2003; BLI, 2004).However, Biome Groups and Ethiopian Avifauan in Africa 2355 bird species, 245 are globally threatened with extinction (BLI, 2000). The wildlife biodiversity of Ethiopia Ethiopia has a very diverse set of ecosystems ranging from supporting more than 2970 species of animals and 7,000 of humid forest and extensive wetlands to the desert of the Afar higher plant species with 12% endemism, among the fauna 320 depression. This is due to the variation in climate, topography are mammals with 36 endemism, 926 birds with 24 endemism, and vegetation. Furthermore, the extensive and unique 1,249 arthropods with 23 endemism, 200 fish with 40 conditions in the highlands of the country have contributed to endemism, 202 reptiles with 17 endemism and 73 amphibians the presence of the above mentioned large number of endemic with 30 endemism (EBI, 2015). In Africa it ranks the fourth, species. The country's diverse habitat types definitely surpassed by Madagascar, Zaire, Cameroon and South Africa contribute for the tremendously diverse avifauna. According to (WCMC, 1992; EBI, 2015). Birds occur almost everywhere on their distribution and ecological patterns, the birds of Ethiopia Earth, in all the major habitat types, from polar ice caps to are grouped into three biome assemblages:-(a).The equatorial rainforest, from the open ocean to true desert (BLI, Afrotropical Highland Biome Species:holds about 48 species 2004). Their degree of specialization varies greatly, but most of birds including 7 endemic birds. BaleMountainsNational species show a clear habitat preference. Some habitats support Park is the richest site for this biome assemblage, representing many more species than others. Birds are found almost over 80 per cent of the species. (b). The Somali-Massai Biome everywhere in the world from the Poles to the Equator. Around Species:is the richest in its species variety and holds over 97 10,000 different species of birds currently inhabit the Earth, bird species of which 6 are endemic. (c). The Sudan-Guinea the majority (83%) occurring in continental regions, the Savannah Biome Species: represents an area poorly known reminder on islands. Most (97%) are land birds, the rest biologically, especially the Benshangul Region. It holds about seabirds. Birds are found from the lowest altitudes on earth to 16 species of birds. Gambella is the richest area for this biome. the highest mountains an Alphine Chough (pyrrhocora 33031 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

Endemic bird Species of Ethiopia in Somalia. There is no protected area in this EBA, being an area that faces lots of problems of warfare, environmental An ‘Endemic Species’ is one that is only found in that region degradation, drought, displacements and total lack of and nowhere else in the world. As such they are of conservation (NBSAP, 2015). conservation concern because they are not widespread and may be confined to only one or two protected areas. Although more Important Bird Area are places of international significance for endemic species of birds have been added to the country but the conservation of birds at the global, regional or sub-regional until now a total of 24endemic species of bird are registered. level. These IBAs are determined according to three criteria: This list combines with the status of IUCN and distribution of (a) The site regularly holds significant numbers of a globally the species for serious conservation concern. The Catalogue of threatened species, or other species of global conservation the endemic birds’ species in Ethiopia is a monumental work concern. (b) The site is known to hold a significant component published in this time. Its aim was not only to document of a group of species whose breeding distributions define an museum bird collection, but to discuss all the known "species" Endemic Bird Area. (c) The site is known to hold a significant of living birds for best conservation purpose.According to component of the group of species whose distributions are Stattersfield et al. (1998) in Ethiopia there are three Endemic largely or wholly confined to one biome. (d) The site is known Bird Areas (EBA), all of them classified as critical priority for to hold >1% of the population of a congregatory waterbird or conservation measures. The boundaries of the EBAs are based seabird; or >20,000 waterbirds. on the documented records and altitudinal limits of the restricted-range bird species present. Threats and Conservation status of Ethiopian Avifauna

(I). South Ethiopian Highlands: with 5 restricted-range species The threatened bird fauna of Ethiopia categorised after Birds to present only in this area, 4 of them threatened. This EBA lies Watch II (Collar et al., 1994) for the species categorized at the southern extreme of the Ethiopian Highlands, in Borana Endangered and Vulnerable. In the specific case of Prince zone, Oromia. The five restricted-range species which occur Ruspoli’s Turaco, and in the light of recent research. Yet, for close together here are found in a wide variety of habitat types. those species not previously classified by Collar et al. (1994), These species are Prince Ruspoli's Turaco, Nechisar Nightjar, some new assignments have been done based upon the present Sidamo Long-clawed Lark, White-tailed Swallow and knowledge, and they constitute a major cornerstone to better Ethiopian Bush-Crow, with Degodi Lark being very close to know the endemic birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea. The species the theoretical boundaries of this area. Besides, a non- with a Low Risk category have been assigned according to the described unstreaked Serinus has been reported from near following criteria: (a) Least Concern for those species with Agere Mariam, circa 100 km east of Lake Chamo (Ash, 1979). very high populations and wide extension range (most of them A more widespread threatened species which has been quite common in the Highlands). And (b) Near Threatened for recorded in the EBA is Salvadori's Serin, classified as those species, though still common in some areas, are not as Vulnerable. All the endemic species are subject to human widely distributed as the others; or they are sparsely activities modifying their habitat. Threats to the habitats of the distributed, thus their numbers being definitely lower. EBA include the conversion of grassland for dryland Moreover, as for the cases of Rouget’s Rail or forest birds agriculture, cattle-ranching leading to increased grazing (Abyssinian Woodpecker or Black-headed Forest Oriole), they pressure, the burning of forest and woodland, and commercial have been assigned as Near Threatened given the fact of fuelwood cutting (Hillman, 1993). Degodi Lark is threatened sharply reduction of suitable forests and wetlands in Ethiopia. because of their highly restricted distribution. Due to this, they are more threatened than others and some of (II). Central Ethiopian Highlands: Out of the 29 endemic them will likely enter in the vulnerable category within a ten species of Ethiopia and Eritrea, 17 are associated with the years’period. highlands, although some of these may appear also in the lowlands. The 4 species whose ranges are estimated to be less Nechisar Nightjar was given a category of Not Evaluated given than 50,000 km2 are grouped in this EBA. Three of them are the fact that no single specimen is sighted so far, and the associated with sparse vegetation in rocky areas: Ankober description is based in one single wing. Therefore, from my Serin, Yellow-throated Serin and Ruppell's Chat. The fourth point of view, it is a species not correctly described and needs one, Hardwood's Francolin is restricted to some valleys in the further study. White-throated Serin presents a different case. area. The only restricted-range species recorded from a Fully and correctly described, it is not widely acknowledged as protected area in this EBA is Ruppell's Chat in Simien a separate species, treated as such for just a few authors. More Mountains National Park. A proposed new highland information is thus required, mainly taxonomic and conservation area in the escarpments of Termaber-Wufwasha- geographic, to evaluate its situation and threats. Thus it is Ankober area would be far more relevant to the conservation assigned as Data Deficient (NBSAP, 2015). of some endemic species (NBSAP, 2015). (III). Jubba and Shabeelle Valleys: This interesting and not Summing up the IUCN categories for the endemics, 5 species well explored area holds 3 restricted-range species: 1 endemic, (including 4 endemics) are considered as Endangered, 12 Degodi Lark; and 2 shared with Somalia and Kenya, White- species (including 5 endemics) as Vulnerable, 14 endemic winged Collared Dove Streptopelia reichenowi and Salvadori's species as Low Risk Near Threatened and 5 endemic species as Weaver Ploceus dicrocephalus. Besides, Bulo Burti Bush- Low Risk Least Concern, plus 1 Data Deficient and 1 Not shrike Laniarius liberatus is only known by a single bird Evaluated (Vivero Pol, 200; NBSAP, 2015). The avifauna of trapped in Acacia scrub at Bulo Berti in the Shabeelle Valley Ethiopia includes a total of 926 species, of which 24 are 33032 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia endemic and 3 are rare or accidental (Lepage, 2007).This list's species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Ethiopia taxonomic treatment designation and sequence of orders, (Avibase, 2014). families, and species. The avifauna family accounts at the  Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis beginning of each heading reflects their taxonomy, as do the  Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus species counts found in each family account. Accidental  Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis species are included in the total species counts for Ethiopia.The following tags have been used to highlight 3. Shearwaters and petrels certain relevant categories. The commonly occurring, e, species do not fall into any of these categories.(A) Accidental Order: Procellariiformes. Family: Procellariidae A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Ethiopia.(E) The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true Endemic A species endemic to Ethiopia. petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 Non-passerines: Ostriches, Grebes,Shearwaters and Petrels, species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Ethiopia Storm-Petrels, Tropic birds, Pelicans, Boobies and Gannets, (Avibase, 2014). Cormorants, Darters, Frigate birds, Bitterns, Herons and Egrets, Hammerkop, Storks, Shoebill, Ibises and Spoonbills,  Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri Flamingos, Ducks, Geese and Swans, Osprey, Hawks, Kites and Eagles, Secretary-bird, Caracaras and Falcons, Pheasants 4. Storm-Petrels and Partridges, Guinea fowl, Buttonquails, Cranes, Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots, Sungrebe and Finfoots, Bustards, Jacanas, Painted snipe, Crab Plover, Oystercatchers, Order: Procellariiformes. Family: Hydrobatidae Avocets and Stilts, Thick-knees, Pratincoles and Coursers, The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels, and are the Plovers and Lapwings, Sandpipers and allies, Skuas and smallest of sea-birds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and Jaegers, Gulls, Terns, Skimmers, Sandgrouse, Pigeons and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Doves, Parrots, Macaws and allies, Turacos, Cuckoos and The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are 21 Anis, Barn owls, Typical owls, Nightjars, Swifts, Mousebirds, species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Ethiopia Trogons and Quetzals, Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, Typical (Avibase, 2014). Rollers, Hoopoes, Woodhoopoes, Hornbills, Barbets,  Wilson's Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus Honeyguides, Woodpeckers and allies (Urban and Brown,  White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina 1971; Dickinson, 2003; Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Avibase,  Leach's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa 2014).  Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma monorhis

Passerines: Pittas, Larks, Swallows and Martins, Wagtails and 5. Tropicbirds Pipits, Cuckoo-shrikes, Bulbuls, Grey Hypocolius, Thrushes and allies, Cisticolas and allies, Old World warblers, Old Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Phaethontidae World flycatchers, Wattle-eyes, Monarch flycatchers, Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with Babblers, Chickadees and Titmice, Treecreepers, Penduline exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long tits, Sunbirds and Spiderhunters, White-eyes, Old World wings have black markings. There are 3 species worldwide and Orioles, Shrikes, Bushshrikes and allies, Helmetshrikes, 2 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014). Drongos, Crows, Jays, Ravens and Magpies, Starlings, Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus Weavers and allies, Waxbills and allies, Indigobirds, Weavers Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda and allies, Buntings, Sparrows, Seedeaters and allies, Siskins, Crossbills and allies, Sparrows (Dickinson, 2003; 6. Pelicans Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Avibase, 2014).

Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Pelecanidae 1. Ostriches Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under

the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, Order: Struthioniformes. Family: Struthionidae they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species The Ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa. It is the largest worldwide and 2 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, living species of bird. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a 2014). long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds. Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens  Ostrich Struthio camelus

2. Grebes 7. Boobies and gannets

Order: Podicipediformes. Family: Podicipedidae Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Sulidae Grebes are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups birds. They have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and comprise medium-to-large coastal sea-birds that plunge-dive divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the for fish. There are 9 species worldwide and 3 species which body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014). 33033 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

 Masked Booby Sula dactylatra  Purple Heron Ardea purpurea  Red-footed Booby Sula sula  Great Egret Ardea alba  Brown Booby Sula leucogaster  Black Heron Egretta ardesiaca  Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia 8. Cormorants  Western Reef Heron Egretta gularis  Little Egret Egretta garzetta Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Phalacrocoracidae  Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal,  Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags.  Striated Heron Butorides striata Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly  Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few  White-backed Night-Heron Gorsachius leuconotus being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 3 species  Dwarf Bittern Ixobrychus sturmii which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).  Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris  Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo  Socotra Cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis 12. Hammerkop  Long-tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus

Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Scopidae 9. Darters The Hammerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Anhingidae back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of is a drab brown all over (EWNHS, 1996). their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when  Hamerkop Scopus umbretta they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a 13. Storks larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ciconiidae have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be diving. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which large and may be reused for many years. Many species are occurs in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014). migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 8 species

 Darter Anhinga melanogaster which occur in Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010).

 Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis 10. Frigatebirds  African Openbill Anastomus lamelligerus  Black Stork Ciconia nigra Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Fregatidae  Abdim's Stork Ciconia abdimii Frigatebirds are large sea-birds usually found over tropical  Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply-forked tails. The males have  White Stork Ciconia ciconia inflatable coloured throat pouches. They do not swim or walk,  Saddle-billed Stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest  Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. There are 5 14. Shoebill species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014). Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Balaenicipididae  Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel The Shoebill is a large bird related to the storks. It derives its 11. Bitterns, herons and egrets name from its massive shoe-shaped bill.  Shoebill Balaeniceps rex Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ardeidae The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. 15. Ibises and spoonbills Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Threskiornithidae more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 16 species have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971). secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species  Grey Heron Ardea cinerea worldwide and 7 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase,  Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala 2014).  Goliath Heron Ardea goliath  Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus 33034 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

 Waldrapp Geronticus eremita 18. Osprey  Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash  Wattled Ibis Bostrychia carunculata Order: Falconiformes. Family: Pandionidae  Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey.  Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-  African Spoonbill Platalea alba eater with a worldwide distribution (Avibase, 2014).  Osprey Pandion haliaetus 16. Flamingos 19. Hawks, kites and eagles Order: Phoenicopteriformes. Family: Phoenicopteridae Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet Order: Falconiformes. Family: Accipitridae high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, They are more numerous in the latter. Flamingo’s filter-feed on eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 and are uniquely used upside-down. There are 6 species species worldwide and 58 species which occur in Ethiopia worldwide and 2 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, (Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Avibase, 2014). 2014).  African Cuckoo Hawk Aviceda cuculoides  Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus  European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus  Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor  Bat Hawk Macheiramphus alcinus  Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus 17. Ducks, geese and swans  Scissor-tailed Kite Chelictinia riocourii  Black Kite Milvus migrans Order: Anseriformes. Family: Anatidae  African Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like  Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are  Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened  Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an  White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 26 species  Rueppell's Griffon Gyps rueppellii which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014; Spottiswoode et al.,  Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus 2010).  Lappet-faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotus  Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor  White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis  White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata  Beaudouin's Snake Eagle Circaetus beaudouini  White-backed Duck Thalassornis leuconotus  Black-breasted Snake Eagle Circaetus pectoralis  Blue-winged Goose Cyanochen cyanopterus (E)  Brown Snake Eagle Circaetus cinereus  Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus  Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus cinerascens

 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea  Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus  Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis  Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus  Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos  African Marsh Harrier Circus ranivorus  African Pygmy Goose Nettapus auritus  Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus  African Black Duck Anas sparsa  Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus  Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope  African Harrier Hawk Polyboroides typus  Gadwall Anas strepera  Lizard Buzzard Kaupifalco monogrammicus  Common Teal Anas crecca  Dark Chanting Goshawk Melierax metabates  Cape Teal Anas capensis  Eastern Chanting Goshawk Melierax poliopterus  Mallard Anas platyrhynchos  Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar  Yellow-billed Duck Anas undulata  Red-chested Goshawk Accipiter toussenelii  Northern Pintail Anas acuta  African Goshawk Accipiter tachiro  Red-billed Duck Anas erythrorhyncha  Shikra Accipiter badius  Hottentot Teal Anas hottentota  Levant Sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes  Garganey Anas querquedula  Little Sparrowhawk Accipiter minullus  Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata  Ovampo Sparrowhawk Accipiter ovampensis  Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma  Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus  Common Pochard Aythya ferina  Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk Accipiter rufiventris  Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca  Black Goshawk Accipiter melanoleucus  Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula  Grasshopper Buzzard Butastur rufipennis  Maccoa Duck Oxyura maccoa  Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo

 Mountain Buzzard Buteo oreophilus 33035 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

 Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In  Red-necked Buzzard Buteo auguralis general, they are plump (although they may vary in size) and  Augur Buzzard Buteo augur have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species  Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina worldwide and 16 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urbanand  Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga Brown, 1971).  Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax  Sand Partridge Ammoperdix heyi  Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis  Coqui Francolin Francolinus coqui  Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca  Crested Francolin Francolinus sephaena  Wahlberg's Eagle Aquila wahlbergi  Moorland Francolin Francolinus psilolaemus  Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos  Orange River Francolin Francolinus levaillantoides  Verreaux's Eagle Aquila verreauxii  Scaly Francolin Francolinus squamatus  African Hawk-Eagle Aquila spilogaster  Clapperton's Francolin Francolinus clappertoni  Booted Eagle Aquila pennatus  Harwood's Francolin Francolinus harwoodi (E)  Ayres's Hawk-Eagle Aquila ayresii  Yellow-necked Francolin Francolinus leucoscepus  Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus  Red-necked Francolin Francolinus afer  Long-crested Eagle Lophaetus occipitalis  Chestnut-naped Francolin Francolinus castaneicollis  Crowned Hawk-Eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus  Erckel's Francolin Francolinus erckelii  Common Quail Coturnix coturnix 20. Secretary-bird  Harlequin Quail Coturnix delegorguei  Blue Quail Coturnix adansonii Order: Falconiformes. Family: Sagittariidae  Stone Partridge Ptilopachus petrosus The Secretary-bird is a bird of prey in the order Falconiformes but is easily distinguished from other raptors by it long crane- 23. Guineafowl like legs (Avibase, 2014).  Secretary-bird Sagittarius serpentarius Order: Galliformes. Family: Numididae Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground- 21. Caracaras and falcons nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage. There are 6 species Order: Falconiformes. Family: Falconidae worldwide and 3 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ 2014). from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 18 Crested Guineafowl Guttera pucherani species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971; Vulturine Guineafowl Acryllium vulturinum Dickinson, 2003).  Pygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus 24. Buttonquails  Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni  Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Order: Gruiformes. Family: Turnicidae  Greater Kestrel Falco rupicoloides The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble  Fox Kestrel Falco alopex the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes, and  Grey Kestrel Falco ardosiaceus initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the  Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera young. There are 16 species worldwide and 2 species which  Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus occur in Ethiopia (EWNHS, 1996; Avibase, 2014).  Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvatica  Amur Falcon Falco amurensis  Quail-plover Ortyxelos meiffrenii  Eleonora's Falcon Falco eleonorae

 Sooty Falcon Falco concolor 25. Cranes  Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo  African Hobby Falco cuvierii Order: Gruiformes. Family: Gruidae  Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike  Saker Falcon Falco cherrug the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks  Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy  Taita Falcon Falco fasciinucha courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide  Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrines and 4 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971). 22. Pheasants and partridges  Black Crowned-Crane Balearica pavonina  Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo Order: Galliformes. Family: Phasianidae  Wattled Crane Bugeranus carunculatus The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists  Common Crane Grus grus of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, 33036 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

26. Rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots  Hartlaub's Bustard Lissotis hartlaubii

Order: Gruiformes. Family: Rallidae 29. Jacanas Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Jacanidae Typically, they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general, they are shy and Jacanidae. They are found worldwide in the Tropics. They are secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 2 species fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 17 species which which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014). occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  Lesser Jacana Microparra capensis  Buff-spotted Flufftail Sarothrura elegans  African Jacana Actophilornis africanus  Red-chested Flufftail Sarothrura rufa  White-winged Flufftail Sarothrura ayresi 30. Painted snipe  African Rail Rallus caerulescens  African Crake Crecopsis egregia Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Rostratulidae  Corn Crake Crex crex Painted snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in  Rouget's Rail Rougetius rougetii shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are  Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostris 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Ethiopia  Little Crake Porzana parva (Avibase, 2014).  Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla  Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis  Spotted Crake Porzana porzana  Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 31. Crab Plover  Allen's Gallinule Porphyrio alleni  Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Dromadidae  Lesser Moorhen Gallinula angulata The Crab Plover is related to the waders. It resembles a plover  Red-knobbed Coot Fulica cristata but with very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill  Eurasian Coot Fulica atra similar to a tern. It has black and white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet and a bill designed for eating crabs 27. Sungrebe and Finfoots (Avibase, 2014).  Crab Plover Dromas ardeola

Order: Gruiformes. Family: Heliornithidae 32. Oystercatchers The Heliornithidae are small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Haematopodidae Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014). The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with  African Finfoot Podica senegalensis strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There are 11 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in 28. Bustards Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).  Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus

Order: Gruiformes. Family: Otididae 33. Avocets and stilts Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Recurvirostridae strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips, and striking includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs There are 26 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971). and 2 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).  Arabian Bustard Ardeotis arabs  Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus  Kori Bustard Ardeotis kori  Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta  Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata 34. Thick-knees  Stanley Bustard Neotis denhami  Heuglin's Bustard Neotis heuglinii  White-bellied Bustard Eupodotis senegalensis Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Burhinidae The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the  Little Brown Bustard Eupodotis humilis family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the  Buff-crested Bustard Eupodotis gindiana tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate  Black-bellied Bustard Lissotis melanogaster Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with 33037 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016 strong black or yellow black bills, large yellow eyes and  Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species  Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. There are 9  Greater Sandplover Charadrius leschenaultii species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Ethiopia  Caspian Plover Charadrius asiaticus (Urban and Brown, 1971). 37. Sandpipers and allies  Water Thick-knee Burhinus vermiculatus  Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Scolopacidae  Senegal Thick-knee Burhinus senegalensis The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to  Spotted Thick-knee Burhinus capensis medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and 35. Pratincoles and coursers phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Glareolidae bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and There are 89 species worldwide and 29 species which occur in long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010). wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. There  Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus are 17 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in  Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  African Snipe Gallinago nigripennis  Egyptian Plover Pluvianus aegyptius  Great Snipe Gallinago media  Cream-colored Courser Cursorius cursor  Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago  Temminck's Courser Cursorius temminckii  Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa  Double-banded Courser Smutsornis africanus  Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica  Three-banded Courser Rhinoptilus cinctus  Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus  Bronze-winged Courser Rhinoptilus chalcopterus  Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata  Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola  Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus  Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni  Common Redshank Tringa totanus  Madagascar Pratincole Glareola ocularis  Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis  Rock Pratincole Glareola nuchalis  Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia  Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 36. Plovers and lapwings  Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola  Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Charadriidae  Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and  Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact  Red Knot Calidris canutus bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings.  Sanderling Calidris alba They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats  Little Stint Calidris minuta near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66  Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii species worldwide and 22 species which occur in Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010).  Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta  Long-toed Lapwing Vanellus crassirostris  Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos  Blacksmith Plover Vanellus armatus  Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea  Spur-winged Plover Vanellus spinosus  Dunlin Calidris alpina  Black-headed Lapwing Vanellus tectus  Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus  Senegal Lapwing Vanellus lugubris  Ruff Philomachus pugnax  Black-winged Lapwing Vanellus melanopterus  Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus

 Crowned Lapwing Vanellus coronatus 38. Skuas and jaegers  Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus  Spot-breasted Lapwing Vanellus melanocephalus (E) Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Stercorariidae  Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large  White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus (A) birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white

 Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate  Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7  Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Ethiopia  Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius (Avibase, 2014).  Kittlitz's Plover Charadrius pecuarius  Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus  Three-banded Plover Charadrius tricollaris  Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus  White-fronted Plover Charadrius marginatus 33038 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

39. Gulls Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Laridae sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering Laridae is a family of medium to large bird seabirds and holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the includes gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, toes. There are 16 species worldwide and 6 species which often with black markings on the head or wings. They have occur in Ethiopia (EWNHS, 1996; Avibase, 2014). stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species  Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus worldwide and 9 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and  Spotted Sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus Brown, 1971).  Yellow-throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis  White-eyed Gull Larus leucophthalmus  Black-faced Sandgrouse Pterocles decoratus  Sooty Gull Larus hemprichii  Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse Pterocles lichtensteinii  Herring Gull Larus argentatus  Four-banded Sandgrouse Pterocles quadricinctus  Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 43. Pigeons and doves  Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans  Great Black-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus Order: Columbiformes. Family: Columbidae  Grey-headed Gull Larus cirrocephalus Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and  Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species  Slender-billed Gull Larus genei worldwide and 21 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971). 40. Terns  Rock Pigeon Columba livia  Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Sternidae  White-collared Pigeon Columba albitorques Terns are a group of generally general medium to large sea-  Rameron Pigeon Columba arquatrix birds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black  Lemon Dove Columba larvata markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some  Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally  Dusky Turtle Dove Streptopelia lugens long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in  African Collared Dove Streptopelia roseogrisea excess of 25 to 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide and  White-winged Collared Dove Streptopelia reichenowi 15 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  African Mourning Dove Streptopelia decipiens  Gull-billed Tern Sterna nilotica  Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata  Caspian Tern Sterna caspia  Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola  Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis  Vinaceous Dove Streptopelia vinacea  Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis  Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis  Great Crested Tern Sterna bergii  Emerald-spotted Wood Dove Turtur chalcospilos  Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii  Black-billed Wood Dove Turtur abyssinicus  Common Tern Sterna hirundo  Blue-spotted Wood Dove Turtur afer  Little Tern Sterna albifrons  Tambourine Dove Turtur tympanistria  Saunders's Tern Sterna saundersi  Namaqua Dove Oena capensis  White-cheeked Tern Sterna repressa  Bruce's Green Pigeon Treron waalia  Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus  African Green Pigeon Treron calva  Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus  White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 44. Parrots, macaws and allies  Black Tern Chlidonias niger  Brown Noddy Anous stolidus Order: Psittaciformes. Family: Psittacidae Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved 41. Skimmers beak shape. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and the have a generally erect stance. All Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Rynchopidae parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They placed two at the front and two back. There are 335 species have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by worldwide and 6 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for Brown, 1971). small fish. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which  Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri occurs in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).  Red-headed Lovebird Agapornis pullarius  African Skimmer Rynchops flavirostris  Black-winged Lovebird Agapornis taranta  Meyer's Parrot Poicephalus meyeri 42. Sandgrouse  Red-bellied Parrot Poicephalus rufiventris  Yellow-fronted Parrot Poicephalus flavifrons (E) Order: Pterocliformes. Family: Pteroclidae 33039 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

45. Turacos  African Scops Owl Otus senegalensis  European Scops Owl Otus scops Order: Cuculiformes. Family: Musophagidae  Northern White-faced Owl Ptilopsis leucotis The turacos, plantain eaters and go-away birds make up the  Southern White-faced Owl Ptilopsis granti bird family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal  Pharaoh Eagle-Owl Bubo ascalaphus birds. The turacos and plantain eaters are brightly coloured  Cape Eagle-Owl Bubo capensis birds, usually blue, green or purple. The go-away birds are  Spotted Eagle Owl Bubo africanus mostly grey and white. There are 23 species worldwide and 5  Greyish Eagle Owl Bubo cinerascens species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  Verreaux's Eagle Owl Bubo lacteus  White-cheeked Turaco Tauraco leucotis  Pel's Fishing Owl Scotopelia peli  Prince Ruspoli's Turaco Tauraco ruspolii (E)  African Wood Owl Strix woodfordii  Bare-faced Go-away-bird Corythaixoides personatus  Pearl-spotted Owlet Glaucidium perlatum  White-bellied Go-away-bird Corythaixoides leucogaster  Little Owl Athene noctua  Eastern Plantain-eater Crinifer zonurus  African Long-eared Owl Asio abyssinicus  Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus 46. Cuckoos and anis  Marsh Owl Asio capensis

Order: Cuculiformes. Family: Cuculidae 49. Nightjars The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails Order: Caprimulgiformes. Family: Caprimulgidae and strong legs. Unlike the cuckoo species of the Old World, Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds with long wings, North American cuckoos are not brood parasites. There are short legs and very short bills that usually nest on the ground. 138 species worldwide and 15 species which occur in Ethiopia Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long (Urban and Brown, 1971). pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble  Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus bark or leaves. There are 86 species worldwide and 17 species  Levaillant's Cuckoo Clamator levaillantii which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius  Eurasian Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus  Red-chested Cuckoo Cuculus solitarius  Sombre Nightjar Caprimulgus fraenatus  Black Cuckoo Cuculus clamosus  Egyptian Nightjar Caprimulgus aegyptius  Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus  Nubian Nightjar Caprimulgus nubicus  African Cuckoo Cuculus gularis  Donaldson-Smith's Nightjar Caprimulgus donaldsoni  Klaas's Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas  Fiery-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus pectoralis  African Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx cupreus  Abyssinian Nightjar Caprimulgus poliocephalus  Dideric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius  Swamp Nightjar Caprimulgus natalensis  Yellowbill Ceuthmochares aereus  Plain Nightjar Caprimulgus inornatus  Black Coucal Centropus grillii  Star-spotted Nightjar Caprimulgus stellatus  Blue-headed Coucal Centropus monachus  Nechisar Nightjar Caprimulgus solala (E)  Senegal Coucal Centropus senegalensis  Freckled Nightjar Caprimulgus tristigma  White-browed Coucal Centropus superciliosus  Long-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus climacurus  Slender-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus clarus 47. Barn owls  Square-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus fossii  Pennant-winged Nightjar Macrodipteryx vexillarius Order: Strigiformes. Family: Tytonidae  Standard-winged Nightjar Macrodipteryx longipennis Barn owls are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs 50. Swifts with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Ethiopia (Alkinson et al., 2006; Avibase, 2014). Order: Apodiformes. Family: Apodidae Swifts are small aerial birds, spending the majority of their  African Grass-Owl Tyto capensis lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle  Barn Owl Tyto alba voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical

surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings that 48. Typical owls resemble a crescent or a boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Order: Strigiformes. Family: Strigidae Brown, 1971). Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey.  Scarce Swift Schoutedenapus myoptilus They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like  African Palm-Swift Cypsiurus parvus beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye  Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide and 16  Mottled Swift Tachymarptis aequatorialis species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971). 33040 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

 Common Swift Apus apus They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender  Nyanza Swift Apus niansae bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are  Pallid Swift Apus pallidus colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings,  Little Swift Apus affinis which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from  Horus Swift Apus horus afar. There are 26 species worldwide and 11 species which  White-rumped Swift Apus caffer occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  Red-throated Bee-eater Merops bulocki 51. Mousebirds  Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus  Blue-breasted Bee-eater Merops variegatus Order: Coliiformes. Family: Coliidae  Swallow-tailed Bee-eater Merops hirundineus The mousebirds are slender greyish or brown birds with soft,  Somali Bee-eater Merops revoilii hairlike body feathers and very long thin tails. They are  White-throated Bee-eater Merops albicollis arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents in search of  Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis berries, fruit and buds. They are acrobatic, and can feed upside  Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus down. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes.  Madagascar Bee-eater Merops superciliosus They also have crests and stubby bills. There are 6 species  European Bee-eater Merops apiaster worldwide and 3 species which occur in Ethiopia (Alkinson et  Northern Carmine Bee-eater Merops nubicus al., 2006; Avibase, 2014).  Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus 55. Typical rollers  White-headed Mousebird Colius leucocephalus  Blue-naped Mousebird Urocolius macrourus Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Coraciidae Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely 52.Trogons and Quetzals related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns Order: Trogoniformes. Family: Trogonidae predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found outer toe is not. There are 12 species worldwide and 5 species in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014). fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and  European Roller Coracias garrulus arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant  Abyssinian Roller Coracias abyssinica to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers  Lilac-breasted Roller Coracias caudata with distinctive male and female plumage. There are 33  Rufous-crowned Roller Coracias naevia species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Ethiopia  Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus (Avibase, 2014).  Narina Trogon Apaloderma narina 56. Hoopoes

53. Kingfishers Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Upupidae Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Alcedinidae large erectile crest on their head. There are 2 species Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Ethiopia (Alkinson pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. There are 93 species et al., 2006). worldwide and 10 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and  Hoopoe Upupa epops Brown, 1971).  Half-collared Kingfisher Alcedo semitorquata 57. Woodhoopoes  Malachite Kingfisher Alcedo cristata  African Pygmy-Kingfisher Ispidina picta Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Phoeniculidae  Grey-headed Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala The woodhoopoes are related to the kingfishers, rollers and  Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis hoopoe. They most resemble the last species with their long  Blue-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon malimbica curved bills, used for probing for insects, and short rounded  Striped Kingfisher Halcyon chelicuti wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic  Collared Kingfisher Todirhamphus chloris plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack an erectile crest.  Giant Kingfisher Megaceryle maximus There are 8 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in  Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).

54. Bee-eaters  Green Woodhoopoe Phoeniculus purpureus  Violet Woodhoopoe Phoeniculus damarensis Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Meropidae  Black-billed Woodhoopoe Phoeniculus somaliensis The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family  Black Scimitar-bill Rhinopomastus aterrimus Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur  Abyssinian Scimitar-bill Rhinopomastus minor in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. 33041 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

58. Hornbills Woodpeckers are small to medium sized birds with chisel like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Bucerotidae insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's forward, and two backward, while several species have only horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured. There on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species are 57 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in worldwide and 10 species which occur in Ethiopia Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971). (Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Urban and Brown, 1971).  Red-billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus  Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla  Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill Tockus flavirostris  Rufous-necked Wryneck Jynx ruficollis  Jackson's Hornbill Tockus jacksoni  Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubica  Von der Decken's Hornbill Tockus deckeni  Green-backed Woodpecker Campethera cailliautii  Crowned Hornbill Tockus alboterminatus  Abyssinian Woodpecker Dendropicos abyssinicus  Hemprich's Hornbill Tockus hemprichii  Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens  African Gray Hornbill Tockus nasutus  Bearded Woodpecker Dendropicos namaquus  Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Ceratogymna brevis  Grey Woodpecker Dendropicos goertae  Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill Bucorvus abyssinicus  Grey-headed Woodpecker Dendropicos spodocephalus  Brown-backed Woodpecker Dendropicos obsoletus 59. Barbets 62. Pittas Order: Piciformes. Family: Lybiidae The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. Order: Passeriformes. Family: Pittidae They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards, and stocky, bills. Most species are brightly coloured. African barbets with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many, belong to the Lybiidae family. There are 42 species of African but not all, are brightly coloured. They are spending the barbets and 11 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects Brown, 1971). and similar invertebrate prey which they find there. There are  Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus 32 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Ethiopia  Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillus (EWNHS, 1996).  Red-fronted Barbet Tricholaema diademata  African Pitta Pitta angolensis  Black-throated Barbet Tricholaema melanocephala  Banded Barbet Lybius undatus 63. Larks  Vieillot's Barbet Lybius vieilloti  Black-billed Barbet Lybius guifsobalito Order: Passeriformes. Family: Alaudidae  Double-toothed Barbet Lybius bidentatus Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs  Yellow-breasted Barbet Trachyphonus margaritatus and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance.  Red-and-yellow Barbet Trachyphonus erythrocephalus Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide and 29 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase,  D'Arnaud's Barbet Trachyphonus darnaudii 2014; Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Urban and Brown, 1971).

 Singing Bushlark Mirafra cantillans 60. Honeyguides  White-tailed Lark Mirafra albicauda  Friedmann's Lark Mirafra pulpa Order: Piciformes. Family: Indicatoridae  Red-winged Lark Mirafra hypermetra Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the behaviour of the Greater Honeyguide which  Rufous-naped Lark Mirafra africana leads large animals to bees' nests and then feeds on the wax  Flappet Lark Mirafra rufocinnamomea once the animal has broken the nest open to get at the honey.  Collared Lark Mirafra collaris There are 17 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in  Gillett's Lark Mirafra gilletti Ethiopia (Alkinson et al., 2006).  Degodi Lark Mirafra degodiensis (E)  Scaly-throated Honeyguide Indicator variegatus  Pink-breasted Lark Calendulauda poecilosterna  Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator  Fawn-colored Lark Calendulauda africanoides  Lesser Honeyguide Indicator minor  Foxy Lark Calendulauda alopex  Cassin's Honeyguide Prodotiscus insignis  Archer's Lark Heteromirafra archeri (A)  Green-backed Honeyguide Prodotiscus zambesiae  Sidamo Lark Heteromirafra sidamoensis (E)  Wahlberg's Honeyguide Prodotiscus regulus  Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix leucotis  Black-crowned Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix nigriceps 61. Woodpeckers and allies  Chestnut-headed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix signata  Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti Order: Piciformes. Family: Picidae  Greater Hoopoe-Lark Alaemon alaudipes  Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata 33042 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

 Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla  Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris  Blanford's Lark Calandrella blanfordi  Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis  Erlanger's Lark Calandrella erlangeri (E)  Bush Pipit Anthus caffer  Red-capped Lark Calandrella cinerea  Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis  Somali Short-toed Lark Calandrella somalica  Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus  Masked Lark Spizocorys personata  Crested Lark Galerida cristata 66. Cuckoo-shrikes  Thekla Lark Galerida theklae  Short-tailed Lark Pseudalaemon fremantlii Order: Passeriformes. Family: Campephagidae The cuckoo-shrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. 64. Swallows and martins They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured. There are 82 Order: Passeriformes. Family: Hirundinidae species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Ethiopia The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized (EWNHS, 1996; Alkinson et al., 2006; Avibase, 2014). by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include  White-breasted Cuckoo-shrike Coracina pectoralis a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills  Gray Cuckoo-shrike Coracina caesia with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than  Black Cuckoo-shrike Campephaga flava walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.  Red-shouldered Cuckoo-shrike Campephaga phoenicea There are 75 species worldwide and 19 species which occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971; Spottiswoode et al., 2010). 67. Bulbuls  Sand Martin Riparia riparia  Brown-throated Martin Riparia paludicola Order: Passeriformes. Family: Pycnonotidae  Banded Martin Riparia cincta Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with  Grey-rumped Swallow Pseudhirundo griseopyga yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throat or supercilia, but  Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris most are drab, with uniform olive brown to black plumage.  Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula Some species have distinct crests. There are 130 species  Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica worldwide and 4 species which occur in Ethiopia (EWNHS,  Red-chested Swallow Hirundo lucida 1996; Alkinson et al., 2006; Avibase, 2014).  Ethiopian Swallow Hirundo aethiopica  Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus  Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii  Sombre Greenbul Andropadus importunus  White-tailed Swallow Hirundo megaensis (E)  Yellow-throated Greenbul Chlorocichla flavicollis  Lesser Striped-Swallow Cecropis abyssinica  Northern Brownbul Phyllastrephus strepitans  Mosque Swallow Cecropis senegalensis  Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica 68. Grey Hypocolius  Red Sea Swallow Petrochelidon perdita  Red-throated Swallow Petrochelidon rufigula Order: Passeriformes. Family: Hypocoliidae  House Martin Delichon urbica The Grey Hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird. They are mainly a uniform grey color, with males having a black  White-headed Sawwing Psalidoprocne albiceps triangular mask around the eyes, and with the shape and soft  Blue Sawwing Psalidoprocne pristoptera plumage of the waxwings(EWNHS, 1996; Alkinson et al.,

2006). 65. Wagtails and pipits  Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Motacillidae 69. Thrushes and allies The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and Order: Passeriformes. Family: Turdidae pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly country. There are 54 species worldwide and 15 species which in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971). medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often  White Wagtail Motacilla alba feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are  African Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp 335 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Ethiopia  Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava (Alkinson et al., 2006; Avibase, 2014).  Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea  Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis  Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara  Little Rock Thrush Monticola rufocinereus  Golden Pipit Tmetothylacus tenellus  Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius  Abyssinian Longclaw Macronyx flavicollis (E)  Abyssinian Ground Thrush Zoothera piaggiae  Plain-backed Pipit Anthus leucophrys  Groundscraper Thrush Psophocichla litsipsirupa  Buffy Pipit Anthus vaalensis  Abyssinian Thrush Turdus abyssinicus  African Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus  African Thrush Turdus pelios 33043 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

 African Bare-eyed Thrush Turdus tephronotus  Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris  Song Thrush Turdus philomelos  Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus  Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus 70. Cisticolas and allies  Basra Reed Warbler Acrocephalus griseldis  Lesser Swamp Warbler Acrocephalus gracilirostris Order: Passeriformes. Family: Cisticolidae  Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern  Upcher's Warbler Hippolais languida regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds  Olive-tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such  Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina as grassland or scrub. There are 111 species worldwide and 26  African Yellow Warbler Chloropeta natalensis species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).  Buff-bellied Warbler Phyllolais pulchella  Red-faced Cisticola Cisticola erythrops  Yellow-vented Eremomela Eremomela flavicrissalis  Singing Cisticola Cisticola cantans  Yellow-bellied Eremomela Eremomela icteropygialis  Chubb's Cisticola Cisticola chubbi  Senegal Eremomela Eremomela pusilla  Boran Cisticola Cisticola bodessa  Green-backed Eremomela Eremomela canescens  Rattling Cisticola Cisticola chiniana  Northern Crombec Sylvietta brachyura  Ashy Cisticola Cisticola cinereolus  Short-billed Crombec Sylvietta philippae  Red-pate Cisticola Cisticola ruficeps  Red-faced Crombec Sylvietta whytii  Winding Cisticola Cisticola galactotes  Somali Crombec Sylvietta isabellina  Stout Cisticola Cisticola robustus  Brown Woodland-Warbler Phylloscopus umbrovirens  Croaking Cisticola Cisticola natalensis  Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus  Siffling Cisticola Cisticola brachypterus  Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita  Foxy Cisticola Cisticola troglodytes  Western Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli  Tiny Cisticola Cisticola nana  Eastern Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis  Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis  Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix  Desert Cisticola Cisticola aridulus  Yellow-bellied Hyliota Hyliota flavigaster  Black-necked Cisticola Cisticola eximius  Fan-tailed Grassbird Schoenicola brevirostris  Pectoral-patch Cisticola Cisticola brunnescens  Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla  Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis  Garden Warbler Sylvia borin  Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava  Greater Whitethroat Sylvia communis  Pale Prinia Prinia somalica  Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca  Red-winged Prinia Prinia erythroptera  African Desert Warbler Sylvia deserti  Cricket Longtail Spiloptila clamans  Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria  Yellow-breasted Apalis Apalis flavida  Western Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis  Red-fronted Warbler Urorhipis rufifrons  Red Sea Warbler Sylvia leucomelaena  Green-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura  Rueppell's Warbler Sylvia rueppelli  Gray Wren-Warbler Calamonastes simplex  Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans  Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala 71. Old World warblers  Menetries's Warbler Sylvia mystacea  Brown Warbler Parisoma lugens Order: Passeriformes. Family: Sylviidae  Banded Warbler Parisoma boehmi The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. The Sylviidae mainly occur as breeding 72. Old World flycatchers species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. There are 291 Order: Passeriformes. Family: Muscicapidae species worldwide and 51 species which occur in Ethiopia Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine (Avibase, 2014; Spottiswoode et al., 2010). birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is very varied, but  African Bush-Warbler Bradypterus baboecala they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. There are 274  Bamboo Scrub-Warbler Bradypterus alfredi species worldwide and 52 species which occur in Ethiopia  Cinnamon Bracken-Warbler Bradypterus cinnamomeus (Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Avibase, 2014).  Moustached Grass-Warbler Melocichla mentalis  Silverbird Empidornis semipartitus  Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia  Pale Flycatcher Bradornis pallidus  River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis  African Grey Flycatcher Bradornis microrhynchus  Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides  Abyssinian Slaty-Flycatcher Melaenornis chocolatinus  Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus  Northern Black-Flycatcher Melaenornis edolioides  Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus  Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata  African Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus  Gambaga Flycatcher Muscicapa gambagae 33044 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

 African Dusky Flycatcher Muscicapa adusta  Gray Tit-Flycatcher Myioparus plumbeus 74. Monarch flycatchers  European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca  Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis Order: Passeriformes. Family: Monarchidae  Semicollared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized  Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia insectivorous passerines, which hunt by flycatching. There are  Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos 99 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Ethiopia  Bluethroat Luscinia svecica (Alkinson et al., 2006; Avibase, 2014).  White-throated Robin Irania gutturalis  White-tailed Crested-Flycatcher Elminia albonotata  Rueppell's Robin-Chat Cossypha semirufa  African Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis  White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini  Red-capped Robin-Chat Cossypha natalensis 75. Babblers  Snowy-crowned Robin-Chat Cossypha niveicapilla  White-crowned Robin-Chat Cossypha albicapilla Order: Passeriformes. Family: Timaliidae  Spotted Morning-Thrush Cichladusa guttata The babblers or timaliids are somewhat diverse in size and coloration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. There  White-browed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas leucophrys are 270 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in  Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  Black Scrub Robin Cercotrichas podobe  African Hill Babbler Illadopsis abyssinica  Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros  Fulvous Chatterer Turdoides fulvus  Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus  Scaly Chatterer Turdoides aylmeri  Whinchat Saxicola rubetra  Rufous Chatterer Turdoides rubiginosus  European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola  Dusky Babbler Turdoides tenebrosus  African Stonechat Saxicola torquata  Black-lored Babbler Turdoides sharpei  White-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga  Scaly Babbler Turdoides squamulatus  Somali Wheatear Oenanthe phillipsi  White-rumped Babbler Turdoides leucopygius  Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe  Cretzschmar's Babbler Turdoides leucocephalus  Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens  Brown Babbler Turdoides plebejus  Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka  Abyssinian Catbird Parophasma galinieri (E)  Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca  Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica 76. Chickadees and titmice  Red-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe xanthoprymna  Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti Order: Passeriformes. Family: Paridae  Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with  Red-breasted Wheatear Oenanthe bottae short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds,  Heuglin's Wheatear Oenanthe heuglini with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. There are  Familiar Chat Cercomela familiaris species 59 worldwide and 4 species which occur in Ethiopia  Brown-tailed Chat Cercomela scotocerca (Alkinson et al., 2006).  Sombre Chat Cercomela dubia  White-winged Black Tit Melaniparus leucomelas  Blackstart Cercomela melanura  White-shouldered Black Tit Melaniparus guineensis  Moorland Chat Cercomela sordida  White-backed Black Tit Melaniparus leuconotus  Rueppell's Chat Myrmecocichla melaena  Somali Tit Melaniparus thruppi  White-fronted Black-Chat Myrmecocichla albifrons (A)  Mocking Cliff-Chat Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris 77. Treecreepers  White-winged Cliff-Chat Thamnolaea semirufa Order: Passeriformes. Family: Certhiidae 73. Wattle-eyes Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they Order: Passeriformes. Family: Platysteiridae use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, The wattle-eyes or puffback flycatchers are small stout like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name vertical trees. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species from the brightly coloured fleshy eye decorations found in which occurs in Ethiopia (Alkinson et al., 2006; Avibase, most species in this group. There are 31 species worldwide and 2014). 4 species which occur in Ethiopia (Alkinson et al., 2006;  Spotted Creeper Salpornis spilonotus Avibase, 2014).  Brown-throated Wattle-eye Platysteira cyanea 78. Penduline tits  Gray-headed Batis Batis orientalis  Black-headed Batis Batis minor Order: Passeriformes. Family: Remizidae  Pygmy Batis Batis perkeo 33045 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds, related The Old World Orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are to the true tits. They are insectivores. There are 13 species not related to the New World orioles. There are 29 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Ethiopia (Alkinson et worldwide and 4 species which occur in Ethiopia (Alkinson et al., 2006). al., 2006; Avibase, 2014).  Sennar Penduline-Tit Anthoscopus punctifrons  Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus  Mouse-colored Penduline-Tit Anthoscopus musculus  African Golden Oriole Oriolus auratus  Dark-headed Oriole Oriolus monacha 79. Sunbirds and Spiderhunters  African Black-headed Oriole Oriolus larvatus

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Nectariniidae 82. Shrikes The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take Order: Passeriformes. Family: Laniidae insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. There are 131 portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is species worldwide and 23 species which occur in Ethiopia hooked, like a bird of prey. There are 31 species worldwide (Urban and Brown, 1971). and 11 species which occur in Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).  Western Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes longuemarei  Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio  Kenya Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes orientalis  Rufous-tailed Shrike Lanius isabellinus  Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris  Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis  Pygmy Sunbird Hedydipna platura  Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor  Nile Valley Sunbird Hedydipna metallica  Gray-backed Fiscal Lanius excubitoroides  Eastern Olive Sunbird Cyanomitra olivacea  Taita Fiscal Lanius dorsalis  Western Olive Sunbird Cyanomitra obscura  Somali Fiscal Lanius somalicus  Amethyst Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina  Common Fiscal Lanius collaris  Scarlet-chested Sunbird Chalcomitra senegalensis  Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus  Hunter's Sunbird Chalcomitra hunteri  Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator  Tacazze Sunbird Nectarinia tacazze  White-rumped Shrike Eurocephalus rueppelli  Bronze Sunbird Nectarinia kilimensis  Malachite Sunbird Nectarinia famosa 83. Bushshrikes and allies  Olive-bellied Sunbird Cinnyris chloropygius  Beautiful Sunbird Cinnyris pulchellus Order: Passeriformes. Family: Malaconotidae  Mariqua Sunbird Cinnyris mariquensis Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects  Red-chested Sunbird Cinnyris erythrocerca and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar  Black-bellied Sunbird Cinnyris nectarinioides in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species  Purple-banded Sunbird Cinnyris bifasciatus or largely black; some species are quite secretive. There are 46  Tsavo Sunbird Cinnyris tsavoensis species worldwide and 13 species which occur in Ethiopia  Shining Sunbird Cinnyris habessinicus (Spottiswoode et al., 2010).  Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus  Brubru Nilaus afer  Copper Sunbird Cinnyris cupreus  Northern Puffback Dryoscopus gambensis  Pringle's Puffback Dryoscopus pringlii 80. White-eyes  Marsh Tchagra Tchagra minuta  Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegala Order: Passeriformes. Family: Zosteropidae  Three-streaked Tchagra Tchagra jamesi The white-eyes are small and are mostly of undistinguished  Red-naped Bushshrike Laniarius ruficeps appearance, the plumage above being generally either some  Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus dull color like greenish olive, but some species have a white or  Black-headed Gonolek Laniarius erythrogaster bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have  Slate-colored Boubou Laniarius funebris buff flanks. As their name suggests many species have a white  Rosy-patched Bushshrike Rhodophoneus cruentus ring around the eyes. There are 96 species worldwide and 3  Sulphur-breasted Bushshrike Telophorus sulfureopectus species which occur in Ethiopia (Alkinson et al., 2006;  Gray-headed Bushshrike Malaconotus blanchoti Avibase, 2014).  African Yellow White-eye Zosterops senegalensis 84. Helmetshrikes  Montane White-eye Zosterops poliogastrus  White-breasted White-eye Zosterops abyssinicus Order: Passeriformes. Family: Prionopidae The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend 81. Old World orioles to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name. Order: Passeriformes. Family: Oriolidae 33046 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

There are 12 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in  Fischer's Starling Spreo fischeri Ethiopia (Avibase, 2014).  White-crowned Starling Spreo albicapillus  White Helmetshrike Prionops plumatus  Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio  Slender-billed Starling Onychognathus tenuirostris 85. Drongos  Somali Starling Onychognathus blythii  Bristle-crowned Starling Onychognathus salvadorii Order: Passeriformes. Family: Dicruridae  White-billed Starling Onychognathus albirostris The drongos are mostly are black or dark grey in colour,  Stuhlmann's Starling Poeoptera stuhlmanni sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and  Sharpe's Starling Pholia sharpii some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have  Magpie Starling Speculipastor bicolor short legs and sit very upright whilst perched, like a shrike.  Red-billed Oxpecker Buphagus erythrorhynchus They flycatch or take prey from the ground. There are 24  Yellow-billed Oxpecker Buphagus africanus species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Ethiopia

(Alkinson et al., 2006; Avibase, 2014). 88. Weavers and allies  Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis

86. Crows, jays, ravens and magpies Order: Passeriformes. Family: Ploceidae The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. Order: Passeriformes. Family: Corvidae They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The The Corvidae family includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only above average in size for the bird order Passeriformes. Some in the breeding season. There are 116 species worldwide and of the larger species show high levels of learning behavior. 39 species which occur in Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010; There are 120 species worldwide and 10 species which occur Avibase, 2014). in Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010).  White-billed Buffalo Weaver Bubalornis albirostris  Stresemann's Bush-Crow Zavattariornis stresemanni (E)  Red-billed Buffalo Weaver Bubalornis niger  Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax  White-headed Buffalo Weaver Dinemellia dinemelli  Piapiac Ptilostomus afer  Speckle-fronted Weaver Sporopipes frontalis  House Crow Corvus splendens  White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali  Cape Crow Corvus capensis  Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser  Pied Crow Corvus albus superciliosus  Brown-necked Raven Corvus ruficollis  Donaldson-Smith's Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser  Somali Crow Corvus edithae donaldsoni  Fan-tailed Raven Corvus rhipidurus  Gray-headed Social-Weaver Pseudonigrita arnaudi  Thick-billed Raven Corvus crassirostris  Black-capped Social-Weaver Pseudonigrita cabanisi  Baglafecht Weaver Ploceus baglafecht 87. Starlings  Little Weaver Ploceus luteolus  Lesser Masked-Weaver Ploceus intermedius Order: Passeriformes. Family: Sturnidae  Spectacled Weaver Ploceus ocularis Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their  Black-necked Weaver Ploceus nigricollis flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious. Their  Golden Palm Weaver Ploceus bojeri preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and  Rueppell's Weaver Ploceus galbula fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. There  Northern Masked Weaver Ploceus taeniopterus are 125 species worldwide and 25 species which occur in  Vitelline Masked Weaver Ploceus vitellinus Ethiopia (Dickinson, 2003; Spottiswoode et al., 2010).  Village Weaver Ploceus cucullatus  European Starling Sturnus vulgaris  Speke's Weaver Ploceus spekei  Wattled Starling Creatophora cinerea  Black-headed Weaver Ploceus melanocephalus  Greater Blue-eared Glossy Starling Lamprotornis chalybaeus  Salvadori's Weaver Ploceus dichrocephalus  Lesser Blue-eared Glossy Starling Lamprotornis  Chestnut Weaver Ploceus rubiginosus chloropterus  Compact Weaver Pachyphantes superciliosus  Splendid Glossy Starling Lamprotornis splendidus  Red-headed Weaver Anaplectes rubriceps  Rueppell's Glossy Starling Lamprotornis purpuropterus  Cardinal Quelea Quelea cardinalis  Long-tailed Glossy Starling Lamprotornis caudatus  Red-headed Quelea Quelea erythrops  Golden-breasted Starling Lamprotornis regius  Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea  Superb Starling Lamprotornis superbus  Yellow-crowned Bishop Euplectes afer  Shelley's Starling Lamprotornis shelleyi  Black Bishop Euplectes gierowii  Chestnut-bellied Starling Lamprotornis pulcher  Black-winged Bishop Euplectes hordeaceus  Violet-backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster  Orange Bishop Euplectes franciscanus  African Pied Starling Spreo bicolor  Red Bishop Euplectes orix 33047 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

 Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis  Straw-tailed Whydah Vidua fischeri  Fan-tailed Widowbird Euplectes axillaris  Pin-tailed Whydah Vidua macroura  Yellow-shouldered Widowbird Euplectes macrourus  Eastern Paradise-Whydah Vidua paradisaea  White-winged Widowbird Euplectes albonotatus  Northern Paradise-Whydah Vidua orientalis  Red-collared Widowbird Euplectes ardens  Cuckoo Finch Anomalospiza imberbis  Grosbeak Weaver Amblyospiza albifrons 91. Buntings, sparrows, seedeaters and allies 89. Waxbills and allies Order: Passeriformes. Family: Emberizidae Order: Passeriformes. Family: Estrildidae The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old seed-eating birds with a distinctively shaped bill. In Europe, World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often most species are named as buntings. In North America, most of colonial seed-eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are the species in this family are known as Sparrows, but these all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which plumage colours and pattern. There are 28 species which occur are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971; Spottiswoode et al., distinctive head patterns. There are species 275 worldwide and 2010). 8 species which occur in Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010;  Orange-winged Pytilia Pytilia afra Avibase, 2014).  Red-billed Pytilia Pytilia lineata (E)  Cinereous Bunting Emberiza cineracea  Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba  Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana  Green-backed Twinspot Mandingoa nitidula  Cretzschmar's Bunting Emberiza caesia  Abyssinian Crimsonwing Cryptospiza salvadorii  House Bunting Emberiza striolata  Bar-breasted Firefinch Lagonosticta rufopicta  Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Emberiza tahapisi  Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senegala  Golden-breasted Bunting Emberiza flaviventris  African Firefinch Lagonosticta rubricata  Somali Bunting Emberiza poliopleura  Jameson's Firefinch Lagonosticta rhodopareia  Brown-rumped Bunting Emberiza affinis  Black-faced Firefinch Lagonosticta larvata  Red-cheeked Cordonbleu Uraeginthus bengalus 92. Siskins, crossbills and allies  Blue-capped Cordonbleu Uraeginthus cyanocephalus  Purple Grenadier Uraeginthus ianthinogaster Order: Passeriformes. Family: Fringillidae  Yellow-bellied Waxbill Coccopygia quartinia Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to  Fawn-breasted Waxbill Estrilda paludicola moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and  Crimson-rumped Waxbill Estrilda rhodopyga in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and 9  Black-rumped Waxbill Estrilda troglodytes primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing  Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild well. There are 137 species worldwide and 20 species which  Black-faced Waxbill Estrilda erythronotos occur in Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Avibase, 2014).  Red-rumped Waxbill Estrilda charmosyna  Ankober Serin Carduelis ankoberensis (E)  Zebra Waxbill Amandava subflava  Cape Canary Serinus canicollis  African Quailfinch Ortygospiza fuscocrissa  Yellow-crowned Canary Serinus flavivertex  African Silverbill Euodice cantans  Abyssinian Siskin Serinus nigriceps (E)  Gray-headed Silverbill Odontospiza griseicapilla  African Citril Serinus citrinelloides  Bronze Mannikin Spermestes cucullatus  Southern Citril Serinus hyposticutus  Black-and-white Mannikin Spermestes bicolor  White-rumped Seedeater Serinus leucopygius  Magpie Mannikin Spermestes fringilloides  Yellow-throated Serin Serinus flavigula (E)  Cut-throat Amadina fasciata  Salvadori's Serin Serinus xantholaemus (E)

 Black-throated Canary Serinus atrogularis 90. Indigobirds  Reichenow's Seedeater Serinus reichenowi

 Yellow-rumped Serin Serinus xanthopygius Order: Passeriformes. Family: Viduidae  Yellow-fronted Canary Serinus mozambicus The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have  Northern Grosbeak-Canary Serinus donaldsoni black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finch  White-bellied Canary Serinus dorsostriatus species. There are 20 species worldwide and 9 species which  Reichard's Seedeater Serinus reichardi occur in Ethiopia (Urban and Brown, 1971).  Streaky-headed Seedeater Serinus gularis  Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata  Brown-rumped Seedeater Serinus tristriatus  Baka Indigobird Vidua larvaticola  Yemen Serin Serinus menachensis  Pale-winged Indigobird Vidua wilsoni  Streaky Seedeater Serinus striolatus  Steel-blue Whydah Vidua hypocherina 33048 Weldemariam Tesfahunegny Bezabh, A guide to a complete annotated checklist of the birds of Ethiopia

93. Sparrows 11.Black-headed Forest Oriole Oriolus monacha 12.Thick-billed RavenCorvus crassirostris Order: Passeriformes. Family: Passeridae 13.White-billed StarlingOnychognathus albirostris Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend 14.White-throated SerinSerinus xanthopy to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters, and they also Globally threatened species found in Ethiopia consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 11 There are 31 globally threatened species recorded from species which occur in Ethiopia (Spottiswoode et al., 2010; Ethiopia. Ethiopia holds 5 (Sarothrura ayresii, Tauraco Avibase, 2014). ruspolii, Heteromira frasidamoensis, Serinus flavigula, Serinus ankoberensis) are classified as endangered, 12 (Aythya  Somali Sparrow Passer castanopterus nyroca, Aquila clanga, A.heliaca, Falco naumanni, F.  Shelley's Rufous Sparrow Passer shelleyi fasciinucha, Francolinus harwoodi, Grus carunculatus, Crex  Gray-headed Sparrow Passer griseus crex, Mirafra degodiensis, Hirundo megaensis, Serinus  Swainson's Sparrow Passer swainsonii xantholaema, Zavattariornis stresemanni) as vulnerable and 14  Parrot-billed Sparrow Passer gongonensis are near threatened species(Balaeniceps rex, Phoenicopterus  Sudan Golden-Sparrow Passer luteus minor, Circus macrourus, Rougetius rougetii, Eupodotis  Arabian Golden-Sparrow Passer euchlorus humilis, Gallinago media, Glareola nordmanni, Streptopelia  Chestnut Sparrow Passer eminibey reichenowi, Mirafra pulpa, Macronyx flavicollis, Cercomela  Yellow-spotted Petronia Petronia pyrgita dubia, Acrocephalus griseldis, Sylvietta philippae and  Bush Petronia Petronia dentata Emberiza cineracea).From the above list, A. nyroca, A. clanga,  Pale Rockfinch Carpospiza brachydactyla A. heliaca, F. naumanni, C. crex, C. macrourus, G. media, G. nordmanni and A. griseldis are non-breeding migrants from the Endemic birdspecies of Ethiopia Palearctic while Phoenicopterus minor is a non-breeding visitor fromelsewhere in the Afrotropics; the remainder are 1. Abyssinian catbird (Parophasma galinieri) resident (Tilahun et al., 1996).

2. Abyssinian Salty flycatcher (Melaenornis chocolatinus) A) Endangered 3. Abyssinian longclaw (Macronyx flavicollis) 4. Abyssinian Woodpecker (Dendropicos abyssinicus) 1.White-winged Fluff tail 5. Abyssinian Bush-crow (Zavattariornis stresemanni) 2.Prince Ruspoli’s Turaco 6. Ankober Serin (Serinus ankoberensis) 3.Sidamo Long-clawed Lark 7. Black-headed Siskin (Serinus nigriceps) 4.Yellow-thrroated Serin 8. Black-winged Lovebird (Agapornis taranta) 5.Ankober Serin 9. Blue-winged Goose (Cyanochen cyanoptera) 10. Degodi lark (Mirafra degodiensis) B) Vulnerable

11. Harwood’s francolin (Francolinus hardwoodi) 1.Ferruginous Duck 12. Nechisar nightjar (Caprimulgus nechisarensis) 2.Great spotted Eagle 13. Prince Ruspoli’s Turaco (Tauraco ruspolii) 3.Imperial Eagle 14. Salvadori’s serin (Serinus xantholaema) 4.Lesser Kestrel 15. Sidamo Long-clawd Lark (Heteromirafra sidamoensis) 5.Taita Falcon 16. Spot-breasted Lapwing (Vanellus melanocephalus) 6.Harwood’s Francolin 17. Thick-billed Raven (Corvus crassirostris) 7.Wattled Crane 18. White-collard Pigeon (Columba albitorques) 8.Corn Crake 19. Wattled ibis (Bostrychia carunculata) 9.Degodi Lark 20. White-winged cliff-chat (Myrmecocich Iasemirufa) 10.White-tailed Swallow 21. White-tailed swallow (Hirundo megaensis) 11.Salvadori’s Seedeater 22. Yellow-fronted parrot (Poicephalus flavifrons) 12.Abyssinian Bush crow 23. Yellow-throated serin (Serinus flavigula) 24. Rouget’s rail (Ralbus rougetii) C) Near threatened

Endemic Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea 1.Shoebill 2.Lesser flamingo 1.Wattled Ibis Bostrychia carunculata 3.Pallid Harrier 2.Blue-winged Goose Cyanochen cyanopterus 4.Rouget’s Rail 3.Rouget's Rail Rougetius rougetii 5.Little Brown Bustard 4.White-collared PigeonColumba albitorques 6.Great Snipe 5.Black-winged Lovebird Agapornis taranta 7.Black-winged Collared Dove 6.Banded Barbet Lybius undatus 8.Friedmann’s Lark 7.White-winged Cliff Chat Myrmecocichla semirufa 9.Abyssinian Longclaw 8.Ruppell's Chat Myrmecocichla melaena 10.Somber Rock Chat 9.Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher Melaenornis chocolatinus 11.Basra Reed Warbler 10.White-backed Black Tit Parus leuconotus 12.Somali Short-billed Crombec 33049 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 06, pp.33029-33050, June, 2016

13.Cinereous Bunting Clement, P. 2010. Black-headed Siskin (Carduelis notata). In: Del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Conculsion Juana, E. (eds.) 2014. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (Retrieved from This paper has review the complete annoted checklist birds of http://www.hbw.com/node/61351 on 12 November 2015). Ethiopia that helps to advocate efforts on sound science to Clements, James F. 2000. Birds of the World: A Checklist. make decisions in favor of the diversity of birds in respect to Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 0-934797-16-1. their zoogeography. The intention of Ethiopian Biodiversity Collar, N. J., Crosby, M. J. & Staffers, A. J. 1994. The World Institute is to improve the conservation outcomes by engaging List ofThreatened Birds. Birdlife Conservation Series, with key decision makers, land managers and the media. Our 4: 2-5. conservation submissions and campaigns are underpinned by Dickinson, E.C. 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