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Illicium Parviflorum1
Fact Sheet FPS-278 October, 1999 Illicium parviflorum1 Edward F. Gilman2 Introduction This rapidly growing, large, evergreen, Florida native shrub has medium- to coarse-textured, olive green, leathery leaves and small, greenish-yellow flowers (Fig. 1). The many slender, drooping branches of Anise give a rounded, open canopy in the shade, ideal for natural settings, or can be pruned into dense hedges, screens, or windbreaks in sunny locations. Branches often root when they touch the ground and root sprouts appear several years after planting. This adds to the density of the shrub. The slightly fragrant spring flowers are followed by brown, star-shaped, many-seeded pods which cling to the stems. The leaves of Anise give off a distinctive fragrance of licorice when bruised or crushed. General Information Scientific name: Illicium parviflorum Pronunciation: ill-LISS-see-um par-vif-FLOR-um Common name(s): Anise Family: Illiciaceae Plant type: tree Figure 1. Anise. USDA hardiness zones: 7B through 10A (Fig. 2) Planting month for zone 7: year round Planting month for zone 8: year round Planting month for zone 9: year round Description Planting month for zone 10: year round Height: 15 to 20 feet Origin: native to Florida Spread: 10 to 15 feet Uses: hedge; espalier; screen; foundation; border Plant habit: oval Availablity: generally available in many areas within its Plant density: dense hardiness range Growth rate: moderate Texture: medium 1.This document is Fact Sheet FPS-278, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. -
Illicium Floridanum1
Fact Sheet FPS-277 October, 1999 Illicium floridanum1 Edward F. Gilman2 Introduction This rapidly growing, evergreen, Florida native shrub has olive green leaves and reddish-purple, starry, two-inch flowers (Fig. 1). The many slender branches of Florida Anise droop to the ground giving a rounded, open canopy in the shade, ideal for natural settings, or in sunny locations it can be pruned into dense hedges or windbreaks. The small, somewhat showy, maroon flowers appear in spring and are followed in late summer to fall by star-shaped, many-seeded pods which cling to the stems. The leaves of Florida Anise give off a distinctive odor when bruised or crushed. General Information Scientific name: Illicium floridanum Pronunciation: ill-LISS-see-um flor-rid-DAY-num Common name(s): Florida Anise-Tree, Florida Anise Family: Illiciaceae Plant type: shrub USDA hardiness zones: 8 through 10 (Fig. 2) Planting month for zone 7: year round Figure 1. Florida Anise-Tree. Planting month for zone 8: year round Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10: year round Description Origin: native to Florida Height: 10 to 15 feet Uses: container or above-ground planter; hedge; espalier; Spread: 6 to 10 feet screen; foundation; border Plant habit: oval Availablity: somewhat available, may have to go out of the Plant density: dense region to find the plant Growth rate: moderate Texture: medium 1.This document is Fact Sheet FPS-277, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. -
Title Studies on the Lignins of Podocarpus, Gnetum, Drimys and Pseudowintera Author(S)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Studies on the Lignins of Podocarpus, Gnetum, Drimys and Title Pseudowintera Author(s) SHIO, Toru; HIGUCHI, Takayoshi Wood research : bulletin of the Wood Research Institute Kyoto Citation University (1978), 63: 1-10 Issue Date 1978-01-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53368 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Studies on the Lignins of Podocarpus, Gnetum, Drimys and Pseudowintera* Torn SHIO** and Takayoshi HIGUCHI** Abstract--The lignins of 7 species in Podocarpaceae, 2 Gnetum's, a Drimys and 2 Pseu dowintera's are characterized in respect of methoxyl content, IR spectrum, acidolysis, and permanganate oxidation of the ethylated wood powder. The relative absorptivities (AlA 1505 em-I) of characteristic maxima, and the ratio of syringyl component to guaiacyl component in acidolysis and permanganate oxidation showed that Podocarpus lignin is mostly composed of guaiacyl lignin and that lignins of Gnetum, Pseudowintera and Drimys are composed of guaiacyl-syringyl lignins with increasing amounts of syringyl component in order. Introduction CREIGHTON and HIBBERTD found that lignins of Gnetum and some of Podocarpus give both vanillin and syringaldehyde in nitrobenzene oxidation, and are composed of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin. It is known, however, that the lignins of other species of Podocarpus e. g. P. macrophylla, P. chinensis and P. nagi yield no detectable syring aldehyde in nitrobenzene oxidation and are composed of guaiacyl lignin. The lignin of Gnetales which contains both tracheids and vessels as in angiosperm woods gives both vanillin and syringaldehyde and a characteristic IR spectrum of typical angiosperm wood lignin2). -
Set 3 Plains Plant List AA
Food for native birds: F = Fruit TOTARA – bellbird – matai, S = Bird Seed N = Nectar older plains ecosystem B = Bud/foliage I = Insects For lizards: L = fruit Plant Tolerances ■ = tolerates or needs □ = intolerant ½ = tolerant of some * = to establish, protect from frost t = toxic for toddlers Staging 1 = 1st structural 2 = 2nd year PLANT LISTS Selected from vegetation natural to these moist & deep 3 = only after canopy closure Kaiapoi soils Tolerances TALL (NOBLE) TREES (> 12 m) Food sun shade wet dry wind Stages Alectryon excelsus titoki F,I ½ ■ ½ ½ □ 3* Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree F,N,I ■ ½ ■ ■ ■ 1 Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau F,I ½ ½ ½ ½ □ 3* Pittosporum eugenioides tarata, lemonwood F,I ■ ■ ½ ■ ½ 1 Plagianthus regius manatu, lowland ribbonwood (deciduous) I, B ■ ½ ½ ½ ■ 1 Podocarpus totara totara F ■ ½ ½ ■ ■ 2 Prumnopitys taxifolia matai, black pine F ■ ½ ■ ½ ■ 2 Pseudopanax crassifolius lancewood, horoeka F,N,B,I ■ ½ ½ ■ ■ 2 Sophora microphylla South Island kowhai N,B ■ ½ ½ ■ ■ t 2 SMALL TREES & TALL SHRUBS (> 5 m) Aristotelia serrata makomako, wineberry (semi-decid) F,I,B ½ ½ ½ ½ □ 2 Carpodetus serratus putaputaweta, marbleleaf F,I ½ ■ ½ ½ □ 2 Coprosma areolata net-leaved coprosma F,B ½ ■ ■ ½ □ 2* Coprosma linariifolia linear-leaved coprosma, yellow-wood F ½ ■ ½ ½ ½ 2 Coprosma lucida shining karamu F ½ ■ ½ ½ ■ 2 Coprosma robusta karamu F ■ ■ ■ ½ ½ 1 Coprosma rotundifolia round-leaved coprosma F,B ½ □ ■ □ □ 2* Dodonaea viscosa akeake I □ ½ □ □ □ 2* Fuchsia excorticata kotukutuku, tree fuchsia (decid) F,N,B ½ ■ ½ □ □ -
Evolution of Endosperm Developmental Patterns Among Basal Flowering Plants
Int. J. Plant Sci. 161(6 Suppl.):S57–S81. 2000. ᭧ 2000 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2000/16106S-0005$03.00 EVOLUTION OF ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS AMONG BASAL FLOWERING PLANTS Sandra K. Floyd1 and William E. Friedman Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, CB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U.S.A. A phylogenetically based comparative investigation of endosperm development was undertaken in a sample of 13 basal angiosperm taxa. The specific goals were to (1) provide a full developmental analysis of all aspects of endosperm in each species, (2) compare patterns among taxa to determine phylogenetic character distri- bution, (3) reconstruct the ancestral developmental pattern for angiosperms, and (4) explore scenarios of ontogenetic evolution that occurred during the early radiation of flowering plants. Five taxa, Acorus calamus, Cabomba caroliniana, Ceratophyllum demersum, Drimys winteri, and Platanus racemosa, are described in detail. Data from an additional eight taxa were analyzed and compared with these five. Endosperm ontogeny can be conceived of as a series of stages (characters) during which differential patterns of development occur among taxa (character states). We discovered that differential developmental fate of chalazal and micropylar domains is a common pattern among the endosperms of all basal angiosperm taxa and suggest that this may be a feature of endosperm development in all angiosperms. Differential development of chalazal and micropylar domains in endosperm in basal angiosperms also bears a marked similarity to what occurs in angiosperm embryos. This may have implications for understanding the evolutionary origin of endosperm. Basal angio- sperms also exhibit variable endosperm developmental characters, indicating that significant ontogenetic trans- formation occurred during the early radiation of the clade, although magnoliid taxa exhibit a high degree of conservation in endosperm characters. -
Pseudowintera Colorata) Leaves
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36(2), 272-280 (2019) pISSN: 0256-1115 DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0191-9 eISSN: 1975-7220 INVITED REVIEW PAPER INVITED REVIEW PAPER The potential use of pulsed electric field to assist in polygodial extraction from Horopito (Pseudowintera colorata) leaves Joanna Nadia, Marliya Ismail, Kaveh Shahbaz, and Mohammed Farid† Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (Received 30 July 2018 • accepted 14 November 2018) AbstractHoropito (Pseudowintera colorata) contains polygodial as an active compound that has many health benefi- cial properties. The potential of applying a continuous pulsed electric field (PEF) as a pretreatment step prior to sol- vent extraction of polygodial from Horopito leaves was studied. Horopito leaves suspended in water were subjected to PEF at electric field intensity ranging from 5 to 25 kV/cm and pulse frequencies from 200 to 800 Hz. The interaction between electric field intensity and pulse frequency was found to have a significant role in extraction. Both electro-per- meabilization and temperature increase from treatment caused some polygodial leaching from the leaves prior to sol- vent extraction. The study revealed that PEF at low electric field intensity and high frequency is the most effective way to achieve higher solvent extraction yield while minimizing the effect of leaching. The maximum improvement was obtained when PEF at 5 kV/cm and 800 Hz for 348 s were applied, giving a polygodial extraction yield of about 16.6% higher than that of non-PEF treated leaves. Keywords: Extraction, Horopito (Pseudowintera colorata), Polygodial, Pulsed Electric Field INTRODUCTION organic solvent [5,17], hydrodistillation [18], and steam distillation [19]. -
STAR ANISE (Illicium) Cat Meholic and Melinda Zoehrer This Year We Have Selected the Genus Illicium As Our Featured Woody Plant
STAR ANISE (Illicium) Cat Meholic and Melinda Zoehrer This year we have selected the genus Illicium as our featured woody plant. Illicium is an uncommon garden plant with fantastic attributes. The genus Illicium has traditionally been the sole member of the Illiciaceae, but more modern sources recognize it as being in the Schisandraceae (the starvine family). Those of us that enjoy the spice and earthiness of “star anise” have appreciated the attributes of Illicium verum, a species native to southwest China. The genus Illicium has approximately 30 species, but only two are native to the United States, I. floridanum and I. parviflorum. In cultivation these two species have been joined by I. anisatum, I. henryi, I. lanceolatum, I. parviflorum, and some have also been bred with I. mexicanum to create a range of interesting evergreen shrubs for the garden. Over the last two years UDBG staff has been acquiring both the straight species and unusual cultivars Illicium ‘Woodlanders Ruby’ in Claudia Bradley’s garden to add to the sale. Photo: Claudia Bradley All the Illicium offered for sale are broadleaved evergreen plants and most have lustrous thick leaves. The genus name Illicium comes from the Latin name illicio meaning allure, Plants contain the chemical Safrol which referring to the aromatic scent or spice released by bruised or gives it its characteristic smell and crushed leaves. Illicium is resistant to most pests and diseases makes it highly undesirable to deer and and does well in shade locations. Plants contain the chemical Safrol which gives it its characteristic smell and makes it insect predation. -
Active Active Horopito Horopito
Active Active Horopito Horopito Dr Lepisto is a graduate of Bastyr University and a practicing Naturopathic Physician in Grand Junction, Colorado. He specializes in environmental medicine, cleansing and detoxification. Dr. Lepisto believes in and utilizes the fundamentals of nature cure in his practice – an organic and whole-foods diet, plenty of fresh clean water and sunlight, restful sleep, regular exercise, spiritual health, and deep healing through plant medicines. Having practiced naturopathic medicine in Nelson, New Zealand, he is passionate about active Horopito, and the amazing restorative potential that indigenous herbs offer this planet. New Zealand’s answer to Candida Christopher Lepisto N.D. i Active Horopito New Zealand’s Answer to Candida Christopher Lepisto N.D. Table of contents . Introduction . 2 A Prehistoric Herb . 4 Settler Medicine . 6 The Forest Herbs Story . 8 Hard Science on Horopito . 12 Candida—A Persistent Pathogen . 20 Treatment of Candida . 25 April’s Story . 29 References . 30 1 Introduction If Candida albicans is a yeast found in every healthy human, then what’s the hubbub about? Isn’t Candida a normal part of our digestive tract? And how do I know if Candida is even a problem for me? Chances are that you’ve heard of Candida before and you or someone you know are wondering if your health challenges are related to an overgrowth of this common organism. You may even realize that a history of antibiotic use, recurrent yeast infections, terrible skin rashes, vaginal itching, or a whitish coating in your mouth may all be related to excessive Candida. I’m Dr Lepisto and I created this booklet to give hope to people suffering from Candida. -
SEED LEAFLET No
SEED LEAFLET No. 52 January 2002 Illicium verum Hook. f. Taxonomy and nomenclature Uses Family: Illiciaceae Star anise is mainly grown for the essential oil that is Synonyms: Badianifera officinarum Kuntze. extracted from fruits, seeds and leaves. The oil is used Vernacular/common names: star anise (Eng.); worldwide in medicine. 10 kg dry fruits may yield 1 kg badiane, anis de la Chine (Fr.); anís estrellado (Sp.); oil. bunga lawang (Indon.); poy kak bua, dok chan Fruits and seeds are valued as a spice used in cooking (Thai.); mai, dai hoi, (Viet.) and the fragrant wood is used for construction and furniture. Related species of interest: in older literature, the species is considered identical with Illicium anisatum Botanical description L (I. religiosum Siebold), the Japanese anise. The Evergreen tree, 8-15 (-20) m tall with diameter up to fruits of Japanese anise, however, are highly poisonous 30 cm. Trunk straight, with white to grey bark. and confusion of the two species has had fatal conse- Branchlets green and glabrous. Leaves 6-12 cm long, quences. The carpels of Japanese anise fruits are dis- alternate, simple, leathery, often clustered 3 or 4 to- tinguished by being more woody and shrivelled than gether at the end of branches. Flowers large, 1-1.5 those of star anise and having a thin, mostly curved cm in diameter, white-pink to red or greenish-yel- beak, a faint, clove-like smell and an unpleasant taste. low, bisexual, axillary and solitary. All parts of the tree have an agreeable aromatic smell. Distribution and habitat Indigenous to southern China and northern part of Viet- Fruit and seed description nam. -
Emma Earl Thesis
Antibacterial effects of New Zealand plant extracts against mycobacteria A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Molecular Microbiology At Victoria University of Wellington By Emma Anne Earl School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand 2010 ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) has infected approximately 1/3 of the world population, with 9.4 million new TB cases in 2008. In addition to increased cases of drug-resistant strains it is vital that novel antitubercular compounds are discovered in order to treat infections and reduce the time of current TB therapy courses. Natural resources such as plants are now being considered as the focus for discovering new compounds. Plants have long been investigated as a source of antibiotics for the treatment of human disease. New Zealand (NZ) contains a unique and diverse flora; however, to current knowledge no native plants have been examined for antimycobacterial activity. Using ethnobotany as a basis for selection, a total of 58 native plant samples were collected and tested for direct antimycobacterial activity. Samples were extracted with sterile distilled water (SDW), ethanol (EtOH) or methanol (MeOH) and screened for inhibition against the surrogate species, Mycobacterium smegmatis . Active plant samples were then validated for bacteriostatic activity towards M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis H37Ra as well as other clinically-important species. Nine extracts from the species Laurelia novae-zelandiae , Lophomyrtus bullata , Metrosideros excelsa , Myoporum laetum , Pittosporum tenuifolium , Pseudopanax crassifolius and Pseudowintera colorata were found to be active against M. smegmatis . Two active extracts were the bark and cambium extracts of Laurelia novae-zelandiae (Pukatea), which were reportedly used by indigenous M āori for the treatment of tubercular lesions. -
Studies in the Families, Magnoliaceae, Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae of Szech'uan, China Ching-Yung Cheng University of Tennessee - Knoxville
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-1948 Studies in the Families, Magnoliaceae, Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae of Szech'uan, China Ching-Yung Cheng University of Tennessee - Knoxville Recommended Citation Cheng, Ching-Yung, "Studies in the Families, Magnoliaceae, Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae of Szech'uan, China. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1948. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2965 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Ching-Yung Cheng entitled "Studies in the Families, Magnoliaceae, Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae of Szech'uan, China." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Botany. Aaron J. Sharp, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Arthur Meyer, J. K. Underwood Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) August 6, 1948 To the Committee on Graduate St�: I am submitting to you a thesis written by' Ching-Yung Cheng entitled "Studies in the F&milies, Ma.gnoliaceae, Illi ciaceae and Schisandraceae o:t Szech 1 uan, China"• I recommend that it be accepted :tor ten quarter.hours of credit in partial fulfillment of tne requirements for the degree o:t Master of Science, with a major in Botany. -
Progress in Understanding Pollination Systems in New Zealand
New Zealand Journal of Botany ISSN: 0028-825X (Print) 1175-8643 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzb20 Progress in understanding pollination systems in New Zealand Linda Newstrom & Alastair Robertson To cite this article: Linda Newstrom & Alastair Robertson (2005) Progress in understanding pollination systems in New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Botany, 43:1, 1-59, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512943 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512943 Published online: 17 Mar 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1454 View related articles Citing articles: 65 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzb20 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2005, Vol. 43: 1-59 1 0028-825X/05/4301-0001 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2005 Godley Review Progress in understanding pollination systems in New Zealand LINDA NEWSTROM Pollination systems in New Zealand have been Landcare Research characterised as unspecialised, imprecise entomoph- P.O. Box 69 ilous systems that correspond to the predominance Lincoln 8152, New Zealand of small white or pale flowers with dish or bowl ALASTAIR ROBERTSON shapes. We use a two-tiered conceptual framework Ecology Group incorporating a coarse-scale blossom class analysis Institute of Natural Resources and a finer scale syndrome concept analysis to as- Massey University sess the level of specialisation in plant-pollinator Private Bag 11222 relationships of New Zealand. Within each of the Palmerston North, New Zealand syndromes is a continuum of blossom classes: open-, directed-, and closed-access.