THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004 Supplement No. 11: 1-17
EXPEDITION ANAMBAS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC MARINE EXPLORATION OF THE ANAMBAS AND NATUNA ARCHIPELAGO, 11-22 MARCH 2002
Peter K. L. Ng Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260 Email: [email protected]
Abdul Gani Ilahude Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jalan Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 11048, Indonesia
N. Sivasothi and Darren C. J. Yeo Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260 Email: [email protected] (NS); [email protected] (DCJY)
Abstract. Ð In March 2002, scientists from the South China Sea region conducted a major biodiversity expedition to the waters off the Anambas and Natuna Islands in Indonesia. The two week expedition obtained over 3000 specimens representing a large diversity of plant and animal species. Many were new records for the area, and some were also new to science. The expedition, a direct result of the Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea, is seen as the first of others that will foster closer collaboration between regional scientists and managers. The present report provides a summary of the events leading up to the expedition as well as data on the various collection sites.
INTRODUCTION Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea” (WMPC-SCS) have been hosted in various cities in Indonesia by their In decades to come, Expedition Anambas might appear simply Department of Foreign Affairs. These non-governmental as an exploratory marine scientific expedition with the gatherings, attended by various diplomatic, military and purpose of discovering new species of marine life and making academic participants in their private capacities, have contributions to scientific knowledge of regional biodiversity. explored ways to nurture cooperation among the authorities However, it also carried with it, the lofty and some say idealistic objective of attempting to foster co-operation by bordering the South China Sea. scientists working in and around the South China Sea (SCS). The ultimate aim of the exercise was to promote a political This project was the “brainchild” of former Ambassador environment amenable to the resolution of jurisdictional Hasjim Djalal of Indonesia, a leading authority on ocean conflicts in the SCS. affairs and one of the more influential participants at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, and The events surrounding the expedition, the motivation and Chairman of Pusat Studi Kawasan Asia Tenggara (= Pusat the speed of its commission and execution are certainly unique Studi). With Professor Ian Townsend-Gault, Director of the to marine science explorations, and bear some elaboration. South China Sea Informal Working Group at the University In fact, the origins of the expedition lie in an informal political of British Columbia, the strategy for implementation was process which has its origins in the Third United Nations drafted and up to 2001, the project was supported by a series Conference on the Law of the Sea. of grants from the Canadian International Development Agency. ORIGINS The WMPC-SCS is structured to having several Technical The South China Sea informal working group Working Groups (TWGs) on different fields of current issues such as law of the sea, marine scientific research, marine Since 1990, a series of workshops entitled “Managing pollution, safety of navigation etc. Each TWG in turn sets
1 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview up, according to the need of the time, either a GEM (Group After subsequent discussions with Professor Hasjim Djalal, of Experts Meeting) or a SGZoC (Study Group on Zones of it was decided that the selection of the Natunas and Anambas Cooperation). archipelago, the undisputed group of islands within Indonesian territorial waters, best fulfilled the requirements At the 5th WMPC-SCS (Bukit Tinggi, Indonesia, 26-28 of the workshop process and the expedition. In addition, no October, 1994), “participants agreed to give Ambassador marine exploration has been conducted there for at least a Djalal the authority to seek support and funding for the century! The concept of “Exercise Anambas” was thus born. “Proposed Collaborative Research Project on Biological Often abbreviated to Ex Anambas, it would come to be Diversity in the South China Sea,” drafted at the Third referred to interchangeably as Expedition Anambas or Meeting of the Technical Working Group for Marine Science Expedisi Anambas. Research in the South China Sea held in Singapore, April 1994" and “to form a “Group of Experts” on biodiversity to Bogor Declaration, 10th WMPC-SCS, 1999 assist, when called upon, in the drafting of any changes needed At the end of the 10th WMPC-SCS (Bogor, Indonesia, to the “Proposed Collaborative Research Project on Biological December 5-8, 1999), the participants issued a declaration. Diversity in the South China Sea” proposal as may by In Article 17, they “called for renewed efforts to secure suggested by potential donors.” support for and the continued implementation of the agreed co-operative projects, particularly as regards Biodiversity, The 7th WMPC-SCS (Batam, Indonesia, December 1996), Sea-level and Tide Monitoring, Information and Networking, outlined a workplan that included an eight day “Training Marine Ecosystem Monitoring, and the preparation of the Programme on Biodiversity” that was to be organized and Geoscience Database. In this connection, they welcomed the hosted by Singapore. proposal from a Regional Expert to organise a joint biodiversity baseline study in Indonesian waters. Participants Training Programme on Biodiversity, Singapore, 1997 requested Professor Djalal to take up this offer and to secure support for its implementation.” The resultant programme, the “Workshop on Biodiversity Assessment and Inventories of Key Organisms in the South Professor Hasjim Djalal subsequently circulated the Ex China Sea” was held at the National University of Singapore Anambas proposal to this informal workshop community to from 3rd to 10th May 1997. For the first time, a coordinated gain support, whilst simultaneously continuing the fund effort produced a regional inventory of the more important raising effort for a biodiversity project he had already begun marine species, resulting in the landmark publication, The some years earlier. The original proposal with its October Biodiversity of the South China Sea. This was published on 2000 date now seemed idealistic. 31st March 2000 as a special volume of The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Supplement No. 8). Acceptance, 11th WMPC-SCS, 2001
In their final statement, the participants of this workshop After a presentation and discussion of the Ex Anambas agreed that while biodiversity inventories were critical for proposal by Professor Djalal, the Indonesian Institute of effective ecosystem monitoring, baseline data for many areas Sciences (LIPI) and the National University of Singapore at in SCS remain poor. A multinational expedition into the South the 11th WMPC-SCS (Cengkareng, Jakarta, Indonesia, 26- China Sea was unanimously agreed to be the best form of 28th March 2001), participants agreed to adopt this proposal extension of this biodiversity programme. Besides providing as a confidence building measure. an opportunity as a confidence building measure, it would provide the benefit of information exchange between In January 2002, Professor Djalal announced that there was adequate funding from participating authorities. The timing practicing scientists from throughout the region. was right and the expedition proposal, originally set for a month, would have to be trimmed to 10 days. He urged the Expedition Anambas: Proposal, 1999 scientists to put into effect the long discussed plans for an expedition immediately. With almost immediate effect, a In response to this, a proposal was prepared in 1999 by staff scientific committee was formed, and the two chief scientists of the National University of Singapore. The most poorly for the exercise identified, Dr. Kasijan Romimohtarto explored areas are also the most contentious. Hence an representing Indonesia, and Dr. Peter K. L. Ng representing expedition to promote confidence would have to be conducted Singapore. And in March 2002, the modern Indonesian in an area of uncontested waters of the South China Sea, research vessel, “Baruna Jaya VIII” set sail for the Natuna- potentially rich in biodiversity and yet poorly explored. Anambas archipelago.
The following sites had been identified by participants of the Staffed with regional scientists and funded by the regions’ 1997 workshop in Singapore: 1. Waters off the Mekong Delta, authorities, it had already created history. After more than a Vietnam; 2. Gulf of Thailand, Thailand; 3. Waters off Palawan century, researchers in multi-national teams explored 60 sites Island, Philippines; and 4. Environs of Natunas and Anambas in coastal habitats, beaches, rocky shores, mangroves, coral Islands, Indonesia. reefs as well as adjacent freshwater systems. Together, they
2 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004 dived, trawled and used traps and nets to collect some 3,000 evaluate requests and jointly issue invoices in order to specimens. The expedition had achieved its practical goals facilitate research and results. Participating scientists were with resounding success. informed of the arrangement, and if nominated as project heads for the investigation into specific faunal groups, had The participants achieved strong bond and warm collegiality the specimen loan to them expedited. among themselves while performing their tasks. Under difficult conditions and with preparation, they applied The Scientific Committee would also oversee subsequent themselves to the mission at hand. In fact, at the post- access by regional and international scientific community, expedition workshop, the scientific group would jointly issue and facilitate mechanisms (over long-term) to invite experts a vote of thanks to the ship and crew of Baruna Jaya VIII. to work with specific groups of expedition material for Every phase of the expedition has been carried out with full publication. spirit of friendship and cooperation not only among the participants themselves but also with ship’s crew. Publication mechanism. Ð It was agreed at the inception of Expedition Anambas that the mission had to be driven by science and publication of the results was mandatory. It was EXPEDITION DETAILS established that the scientists working on the specimens would have to agree to some form of schedule. This was to ensure Objectives the need to get results published by a reasonable timeline would be appreciated at the outset. To make the results more The biodiversity program had two primary objectives: widely accessible, the scientific output had to be in an 1. To promote the spirit of cooperation and understanding international scientific journal indexed by the Science Citation among the participants of the program, with the hope Index. The Raffles Museum’s international journal, The of that this spirit would eventually spread to the Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, fulfilled this criterion and was community of marine scientists around the South adopted as the publication medium. China Sea. 2. To establish a scientific collection of the biological Pre-expedition briefings. Ð The participating scientists had specimens as the basis for further studies of to fully understand the nature of the expedition. This was biodiversity and other studies of the region. established during the pre-expedition briefings conducted by the Chief Scientist in Singapore and subsequently on board Expedition Vessel, the R.V. Baruna Jaya VIII the ship in Batam before it set sail.
This expedition was conducted from the oceanographic ship The Study Area Baruna Jaya VIII of the Research Center of Oceanography of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, led by Captain M. Expedition Anambas was conducted in the waters of the Daniel and a very professional crew. Anambas and the Natuna Islands group (Fig. 1). The two sets of islands consist of about 70 small islands spread in an area Pre-expedition arrangements of about 120 miles east-west by 70 miles north-south. Some of the islands are hilly or mountainous, with major human Allocation of habitat teams. Ð The expedition was limited populations established in two small towns named Tarempa by time and pre-existing knowledge of the study site. in Jemeja Island, Anambas and Ranai in Natuna Besar Island, Expedition participants were thus allocated into teams to Natuna. enable simultaneous investigations of multiple habitats. They were would be distributed by zodiac boats and fan out to The depth of the water is generally not more than 60 meters. specific sites from the ship’s anchor point. The sea bottom is generally flat or slightly sloping down from south to north. The sediment covering the bottom mostly Specimen deposition. Ð The host country of the expedition, sandy mud in the open sea. Reefs are mostly fringing the Indonesia, facilitated the nomination of expedition island but one or two solitary reefs may be found. depositories of Bogor Museum (LIPI, Indonesia) and the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (NUS, Singapore) The salinity during the northeast monsoon is relatively high to ensure post-expedition research. A document detailing the with values around 33.0 psu due to the influence of the 34.5 specifics of this arrangement (e.g. type specimens are returned psu Pacific water that enters the Basi Channel between Luzon to the host country subsequent to scientific publication, and Taiwan and brought by the northeast monsoon winds and equitable sharing of vouchers between institutes and the southwest surface currents to this area from the north. participating researchers etc.) was prepared and submitted During the southwest monsoon, the salinity drops to the values as a Standard Operating Procedure to the scientific authorities between 31.0 to 32.0 psu due to the influence of the waters representing the two countries on behalf of the expedition. from the Java Sea, brought to the area by the southwest monsoon winds and the northeast surface currents. The low A Scientific Committee (including both the Chief Scientist salinity of waters of the Java Sea waters is due to the dilution of the expedition and scientists from Singapore and Indonesia) effect of the large rivers flowing out of Kalimantan and was established in order to oversee specimen loan, to rapidly Sumatra.
3 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview
The sea water temperature is generally around 26°Celsius Dr. Darren Yeo Chong Jinn, Singapore, marine biology: during the northeast monsoon (influenced by the Pacific) and carcinology; 28.5°Celsius during the southwest monsoon (influenced by Mr. Tommy Tan Han Tong, Singapore, logistics officer; the Java Sea). The temperature near the bottom generally Ms. Daisy Wowor, Indonesia, coastal biology, prawn reflects the condition at the surface due to mixing and taxonomist; homogenizing effects of the winds and currents. Dr. Tan Heok Hui, Singapore, marine biology: ichthyology; Ms. Lai Chiu Yun, Singapore, coastal biology and Methods of Collection carcinologist; Ms. Zeehan Jaafar, Singapore, coastal biology and Apart from the standard equipment and apparatus for diving, ichthyologist. the diving team used gill-nets, scoop-nets and ichthyocides to collect biological samples. The inter-tidal team used large Itinerary and log gill-nets, scoop-nets, cast nets, tray nets, and fishing rods for this purpose. Trawls were conducted in suitable seabed The location and cruise track are shown on Fig. 1. See profiles while the ship was slowly moving and a bottom trawl Appendix 1 for specific collection site details. was used to collect biological samples. 8 March The RV Baruna Jaya VIII (herein after Cruise Participants abbreviated as: BJ8) left the Fish Port Muara Baru-Jakarta at 2.35 pm for Batam. Other than the crew of RV Baruna Jaya VIII, 29 participants from China, Chinese-Taipei, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, 10 March Most participants arrive in Singapore and Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore were on board. Due to attend an expedition briefing by the Chief unforeseen problems, the two chief scientists from Indonesia Scientist, Dr. Peter K. L. Ng. and Singapore could not join the cruise per se. Dr. Abdul Gani Ilahude was subsequently designated the cruise 11 March The ship berthed at Batu Ampar pier, Batam expedition leader, to be assisted by Mr. N. Sivasothi. The at 12.00 noon. At 3.45 pm BJ8 left Batam for cruise participants are: the Anambas Islands, after a farewell ceremony
Dr. Abdul Gani Ilahude, Indonesia, oceanographer, Cruise Expedition Leader; Mr. Mohammad Adrim, Indonesia, fish taxonomy and ecology; Ms. Iin Inayat Alhakim, Indonesia, marine biology: polychaete ecology and taxonomy; Ms. Pradina Purwati, Indonesia, marine biology: echinoderm taxonomy and ecology; Mr. Yahmantoro, Indonesia, diver; Mr. Agus Budianto, Indonesia, diver; Mr. Satria Djambek, Indonesia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Officer: chief protocol officer; Mr. Aris Heru Utomo, Indonesia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Captain Lettu Muddan, Indonesia, Security Officer; Mr. Hasbanul Arif, Indonesia, Correspondent; Dr. Tang Sengmin, China, marine biology: plankton; Mr. Huan Rengwan, China, fisheries management and law; Dr. Chen I-Shiung, Chinese-Taipei, fish taxonomist; Mr. Chuang Shih-Chang, Chinese-Taipei, fisheries and prawn biology; Dr. Mohammad Zaidi Zakaria, Malaysia, fisheries biology; Dr. Yusri bin Yusuf, Malaysia, fish taxonomy and ecology; Ms. Miledel Christine C. Quibilan, Philippines, reef ecology; Ms. Ma Gregoria Joanne P. Tiquio, Philippines, seagrass Fig. 1. Approximate location of the Baruna Jaya VIII anchor points biology; during Ex Anambas from Day 01 to Day 10 of cruise trek. [P. = Dr. Anuwat Nateewathana, Thailand, marine biology: Pulau = Island; T. = Teluk = Bay]. Day 01 = P. Batam, 11 Mar cephalopod specialist; 2002; Day 02 = T. Tiru, P. Jemaja, 12-Mar 2002; Day 03 = P. Jemaja: Ms. Parnhathai Nopchinwong, Thailand, soft coral biology; T. Jebung, 13-Mar 2002; Day 04 = P. Siantan, north: T. Tarempah, Dr. Nguyen van Nguyen, Vietnam, marine biology; 14-Mar 2002; Day 05 = P. Mubur, south: T. Ayer Bandong, 15- Dr. Hoang Xuan Ben, Vietnam, marine biology; Mar 2002; Day 06 = P. Laut, south coast, 16 March 2002; Day 07 = P. Panjang, 17-Mar 2002; Day 08 = P. Bunguran, west coast, 18 Mr. N. Sivasothi, Singapore, mangrove ecologist, Co- Mar 2002; Day 09 = P. Bajau, 19 Mar 2002; Day 10 = P. Batam. Expedition Leader; See also http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/exanambas
4 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004
organized by the Batam Manucipality Bajau island, Jemaja subgroup. Last biological Administration graced by the Foreign Minister collections were made at the reef and inter-tidal of the Republic of Indonesia, Mr. Hasan zone on this island. Wirayuda. 20 March BJ8 was on its way back to Batam, arrived at Once BJ8 set sail, participants met for an Batu Ampar harbor at 10.00 WIT. Participants operations meeting. They discussed the general from Singapore, securing and safeguarding the plan of the field work, working group safety of the biological collection, disembarked assignment, site selection, collection methods, back to Singapore at around 12.30 WIT preservation and storage of collected followed by the participants from Malaysia, specimens, work areas etc. Philippines, People’s Republic of China, Chinese-Taipei, Thailand, Vietnam and 12 March BJ8laid anchor east of Panisan, a small island Indonesia later that day. in the Anambas Group. The crew prepared and operated four rubber boats to transport BJ8 left Batu Ampar port at 16.00 WIT and participants back and forth between BJ8and the arrived back at the Fish Port, Muara Baru collection sites. Biological collection was made Harbor, Jakarta, on the 22 March afternoon. on the reefs and inter-tidal zone at Tiru Bay, Jamaja Islands close by to Panisan. 21-22 March Participants attended the post-expedition workshop when biological collections were Work and trawling were made during the night sorted out, preserved, labeled and catalogued. while on the way to the next collection site at Jebung Bay. Post-expedition workshop and associated activities
13 March BJ8 anchored at Jebung Bay, still on Jemaja At the National University of Singapore, the collections from Islands. Biological collections were made at the expedition were formally handed over to the Scientific this site and at Tanjung Dua. Committee and prepared for detailed sorting and further identification. This committee was led by the chief scientist, 14 March BJ8 anchored at north of Tanjung Momang. Dr. Peter Ng, together with staff from the Oceanology office Collection works and specimen observation (by of LIPI. To facilitate, Ms. Daisy Wowor was asked by LIPI diving team) were made at the coastal water and the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to help manage of Siantan and Matak islands, still of the the specimens. The committee ensured the allocation of Anambas Group. specific faunal groups to the relevant experts for further studies and scientific publication. 15 March BJ8 anchored at three different sites around Tarempa on the Siantan island, the district The agreements formulated before the expedition were capital of the Anambas Group. Collections implemented. These include the assurance that holotypes of were made on Siantan and at Ayerbandong bay new species will be returned to Indonesia by all participating of Mubur island. scientists. In addition, a voucher set of specimens must be retained in the Bogor Museum after the studies are complete. 16 March BJ8 moved to and laid anchor south of Pulau Scientists who have worked on the material are entitled to Laut, an island belonging to the Natuna Islands retain specimens for their institutions provided there are group. Biological collections were made at the sufficient specimens for the Bogor and Raffles Museums. reef zone south coast of Pulau Laut and at Batu Their retention of these specimens is on condition that they Penyu reef. are solely for academic research and must not be used for commercial or associated activities. The material must also 17 March BJ8 laid anchor east of the northeast end of be available for regional scientists to examine should the Pulau Panjang, another member of the Natuna occasion demand it. All specimens handed or sent over to Group. Collections were made at several sites experts are considered loans administered by the Bogor and east and west of this island. Raffles Museums.
18 March BJ8 laid anchor at the site situated between the Following the post-expedition workshop, scientists made islands of Salor, Batubilis and the Bunguran follow-up visits to the Raffles Museum to sort and study subgroup, all are of the Natuna islands group. specimens as part of the expedition commitments. The Collections were made at several reef sites and National Museum of Marine Biology in Taiwan sent two of at inter-tidal, sandy-bottom coasts at Salor and its staff, Dr. Ho Ping-Ho and Dr. Chen Zheng-Ping, to work Bunguran islands. on the crabs and fish respectively, with Singapore experts. Indonesia’s Pusat Studi funded Dr. Kasim Moosa, Dr. Dwi 19 March BJ8 moved back to the Anambas Group and Listyo Rahayu, Dr. Woro Kastoro and Ms. Pradina Purwati laid anchor south of Dumang peninsula of the (all Indonesians) for research spells in the Raffles Museum
5 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview to complete their studies on various organisms. Pusat Studi meant that the expedition team suffered an unavoidable lack also provided support for Ms. Iin Inayat Alhakim (Indonesia) of specialised collecting for certain groups of organisms. This for her study stint in Darwin, Australia, when she was working is unfortunate, but in view of the circumstances, inevitable. with Dr. Christopher Glasby. The Raffles Museum provided In spite of this, the expedition still revealed some surprises, research fellowships for Dr. Lawrence Liao (Philippines) and which constitute significant findings in this volume. Four Dr. Shane Ahyong (Australia) to do expedition-related work new species are described herein from the Anambas and/or in Singapore. Natuna islands, viz., two new species of crabs (see Yeo et al., 2004) (present volume); and two new species of fishes Results (see Winterbottom & Chen, 2004; Tan & Lim, 2004) (both in present volume). A fifth new species (a species of gobiid The cruise successfully collected some 300 kilograms of fish) described was actually from outside the study area (Sulu biological specimens consisting of about 1000 species of Sea) but still within the realms of the South China Sea. Also various marine organisms from 60 sites. The first reports are significant are the 27 new records for the South China Sea published in this volume. Reports, updates and galleries as (23 polychaetes; two stomatopod crustaceans; two released by expedition members or their organizations, will echinoderms) (see Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004; Ahyong & be made available at this webpage maintained by the Raffles Moosa, 2004; Purwati & Lane, 2004) (present volume). Museum of Biodiversity Research, NUS: http:// rmbr.nus.edu.sg/exanambas The ecologically important macro-marine algae and sea grasses are listed by Liao et al. (2004) (present volume). This study was led by Professor Lawrence Liao from the SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW Philippines, who is an expert on these plants, and the report includes a total of 74 marine algae taxa (23 red algae, 22 The expedition, while short in duration, nevertheless brown algae, 29 green algae) and three sea grass species (in uncovered numerous new records and even some new species. two families, two genera), with all save one being new records Certainly, they add to the extensive records compiled in the for the study area. precursor volume to this one (Ng & Tan, 2000). The 12 papers in this volume range from new species descriptions to The polychaete worms of Natuna islands are treated by Al- checklists and annotated checklists, reporting on non- Hakim & Glasby (2004) (present volume). Dr. Christopher flowering and flowering plants; polychaete worms; and Glasby, an acknowledged international polychaete expert selected groups of molluscs, crustaceans, aquatic insects, from Australia, has worked closely with his Indonesian echinoderms and fishes. Noteworthy is the fact that the counterpart, Ms. Iin Inayat Alhakim, to identify 129 taxa (in authors come from all the participating authorities in the South 38 families). Of these, 52 were positively identified to species China Sea, reflecting the diversity of scientific ability level, including 23 species that are new records for the South available regionally. While many of the authors did not China Sea. Twelve genera and one family were also participate in the actual cruise per se, they nevertheless recognised as new records for study area. generously agreed to help sort, study and report on the material. We are also glad to have had the help of several Vietnamese entomologist Mr. Tran Anh Duc worked closely experts outside the region. Working closely with their with his Singapore mentor, Mrs. Yang Chang Man (Tran & Southeast Asian colleagues, they have helped make the results Yang, 2004, present volume), and provided an account of even better. the aquatic bugs (Heteroptera) obtained from the expedition, listing 22 taxa (16 identified to species level) (in 14 genera While the number of species reported is not large by and 6 families). Of these, 21 species are new records for the international standards, the present species lists are still study area. significant in their own right because the Anambas and Natuna archipelagos have hardly been studied or reported on. Four groups of crustaceans are treated in separate papers. Other than for sporadic forays into the interior of these islands Stomatopod crustaceans are dealt with by Ahyong & Moosa by limnologists, ornithologists, mammologists, and (2004) (present volume). Dr. Kasim Moosa, Indonesia’s dean herpetologists over the last 100 years, little is known; and of carcinology and Dr. Shane Ahyong, an expert on mantis the marine biota is essentially unknown. While there have shrimps from Australia, have teamed up to record 12 species been studies of the seas around these islands, many have been (in seven genera and two families), all new records for study hydrological in nature, and the few natural history surveys area, and two not listed in a previous South China Sea did not produce any formal publications. Consequently, what stomatopod checklist. The remaining three crustacean papers we know about the marine biota of these islands has hardly deal with decapod crustaceans. Eight species of pontoniine changed for over a century. Not surprisingly, almost all the shrimps (Palaemonidae) are reported on by Chinese taxa reported here are regarded as new records for the study carcinologist Dr. Li Xinzheng (2004) (present volume). area. However, immediately apparent to the informed reader Fourteen species of hermit crabs from three families would be that the collections made during the expedition were (Anomura) are reported on by Dr. Dwi Listyo Rahayu from mainly of common and easily observable/collectable taxa, Indonesia (Rahayu, 2004, present volume). In addition, Dr. and that many small, rare or cryptic species were overlooked. Rahayu, with her two Singaporean counterparts, Drs. Peter This is not surprising, as limitations on time and resources Ng and Darren Yeo, list 87 species of true crabs from 15
6 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004 families (Brachyura) from the study sites (Yeo et al., 2004, a new species of blue-ringed octopus and a new species of present volume), including two new species (in the genera reef crab (Cymo) was reported. The study of the new octopus, Heteropilumnus and Parasesarma). part of a complex of similar looking species, is still being carried out by Dr. Anuwat Nateewathana of Thailand. Many Selected groups of gastropod and bivalve molluscs are of the squids and cuttlefishes found are interesting new covered by Singaporean malacologist Dr. Tan Koh Siang and records for the area as well, and will only be reported upon his Indonesian associate, Dr. Woro Kastoro (Tan & Kastoro, much later by him. The new Cymo is currently being studied 2004, present volume). While these authors lament on the by Dr. Ho Ping-Ho of Taiwan. There are also many records lack of more specialised collections, they nevertheless record of shrimps from the coastal areas, the study of which is now 91 species of gastropods (in 24 families) and 43 species of being finished by Dr. Cai Yixiong (Singapore/China) and Dr. bivalves (in 18 families). These figures, however, tend to Arthur Anker (Germany). In addition, we are also aware of compare rather poorly with to those of other expeditions, and several new records and new species of crustaceans from the the lack of rare or cryptic taxa is telling. This aspect is perhaps Anambas and Natuna islands which live inland and will only one of the major weaknesses of the expedition; a failure to be described at a later date by the expedition participants. make more sustained collections with more exhaustive collecting methods, and with specialist scientists familiar with the ecology and biology of their study subjects. Invariably CONCLUSION when the latter tasks are done, many more species are uncovered. Expedition Anambas has made a useful contribution to the knowledge of the marine life of the region. The contributions Echinoderms are represented in this volume by an annotated have been made all the more valuable by the speedy and checklist of asteroids by Indonesian echinoderm specialist coordinated nature in which useful information has been made Ms. Pradina Purwati and Brunei-based echinoderm expert Dr. available to the international community. The immediate David Lane (Purwati & Lane, 2004, present volume). They results were made available on the expedition webpage at record 28 species of asteroids (sea stars) from the Anambas http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/exanambas within months of return and and Natuna islands, including 27 species that were collected the scientific publication is now ready in March 2004. The during the expedition. Two of these records are new for the Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South South China Sea. China Sea has initiated an expedition which has contributed to improving ties and scientific exchange between the region’s Three papers on fishes appear in this volume. The first by scientists. The collaborations that ensued have extended Canadian goby expert Dr. Richard Winterbottom and beyond the expedition material as contacts were established Taiwanese ichthyologist Dr. Chen I-Shiung (Winterbottom between institutions in the region. & Chen, 2004, present volume) describes two new species of gobiids of the genus Trimma, one of which was collected This development should be encouraged by the workshop during the Anambas Expedition. Singapore ichthyologists Dr. process. In light of the success of Expedition Anambas, it is Tan Heok Hui and Mr. Kelvin Lim (Tan & Lim, 2004, present timely to examine the recommendations of the 1997 workshop volume) also record 82 species of inland and nearshore fishes to recommend methods to encourage collaboration between from these islands, including a new species of fighting fish regional scientific marine experts. It is hoped this will not be of the genus Betta, apparently endemic to Pulau Natuna Besar the last initiated by the Workshop. The immense biodiversity (formerly Pulau Bunguran). More important is the overall of South China Sea and its management will continue to be synopsis of the marine fish species found or observed during a challenge to scientists in decades to come. the expedition, a mega-task managed by Singapore ichthyologist Mr. Kelvin Lim working with fellow ichthyologists from Indonesia (Mohammad Adrim), Chinese- REFERENCES Taipei (Drs. Chen I-Shiung, Chen Zheng-Ping), Malaysia (Dr. Yusri bin Yusuf) and Singapore (Dr. Tan Heok Hui, Ms. Adrim, M., I-S. Chen, Z.-P. Chen, K. K. P. Lim, H. H. Tan, Y. Zeehan Jaafar). This report (Adrim et al., 2004, present Yusof & Z. Jaafar, 2004. Marine fishes recorded from the volume) lists 430 species or about 12% of the over 3365 fish Anambas and Natuna Islands, South China Sea. In: Ng, P. K. species recorded from the South China Sea by Randall & L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Lim (2000). Supplement No. 11: 117-130. In perspective, the 12 papers published here represent just a Ahyong, S. T. & M. K. Moosa, 2004. Stomatopod Crustacea from start to documenting the diversity of plants and animals from Anambas and Natuna islands, South China Sea, Indonesia. In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results these islands. The material from these collections will surely of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of result in many more studies being published in the coming Zoology, Supplement No. 11: 61-66. years. One such study is a recent preliminary report on the AI-Hakim, I. & C. J. Glasby, 2004. Polychaeta (Annelida) of the herpetofauna of the Anambas and Natuna islands by Leong Natuna Islands, South China Sea. In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor et al. (2003). Still many more groups of animals collected & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of the Anambas remain unreported. For example, in a newsletter article (Yeo Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement & Ng, 2003) reporting on new species from the expedition, No. 11: 25-45.
7 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview
Leong, T. M., L. L. Grismer & Mumpuni, 2003. Preliminary Tan, K. S. & W. W. Kastoro, 2004. A small collection of gastropods checklists of the herpetofauna of the Anambas and Natuna and bivalves from the Anambas and Natuna islands, South China islands (South China Sea). Hamadryad, 27(2): 165-174. Sea. In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Li, X., 2004. The pontoniine shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin Palaemonidae) from Anambas Islands, Indonesia, collected by of Zoology, Supplement No. 11: 47-54. Anambas Expedition 2002. In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. Tran, A. D. & C. M. Yang, 2004. The aquatic bugs (Heteroptera) C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 11: 67- of the Anambas and Natuna Islands, Indonesia. In: Ng, P. K. 72. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Liao, L. M., F. A. Uy & N. A. Heyrosa, 2004. Macrobenthic marine Supplement No. 11: 55-59. algae and seagrasses of the Anambas Expedition 2002. In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of University of British Columbia. The South China Sea Informal the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Working Group. http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/ Supplement No. 11: 19-23. Winterbottom, R. & I-S. Chen, 2004. \h \r 1Two new species of Ng, P. K. L. & K. S. Tan (eds.), 2000. The Biodiversity of South Trimma (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Pacific Ocean. China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 8: In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific 1-673. Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin NUS, 1999. Exercise Anambas - A confidence building measure of Zoology, Supplement No. 11: 103-106. for managing potential conflicts in the South China Sea through a jointly led expedition investigating the biodiversity of Anambas WMPC-SCS, 1994. Statement of the Fifth Workshop on Managing Island groups in the Republic of Indonesia. Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea. Bukit Tinggi, Indonesia, 26-28 October 1994. Purwati, P. & D. J. W. Lane, 2004. Asteroidea of the Anambas Expedition 2002. In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo WMPC-SCS, 1996. Statement of the Seventh Workshop on (eds.), Scientific Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea. Batam, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 11: 89-102. Indonesia, December 1996. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of WMPC-SCS, 1999. Statement of the Tenth Workshop on Managing Singapore, 2000. Biodiversity of the South China Sea. http:// Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea. Bogor, West Java, rmbr.nus.edu.sg/exanambas. Indonesia, 5-8 December 1999. Rahayu, D. L., 2004. Hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura) of the Workshop on Biodiversity Assessment and Inventories of Key Anambas Expedition 2002. In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. Organisms in the South China Sea, 1997. Statement of the C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 11: 73- Workshop on Biodiversity Assessment and Inventories of Key 78. Organisms in the South China Sea. National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4-10 May 1997. Randall, J. E. & K. K. P. Lim (eds.), 2000. A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. In: Ng, P. K. L. & K. S. Tan (eds.), The Yeo, D. C. J. & P. K. L. Ng, 2003. Tales from the Crypt: New species Biodiversity of the South China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of of crabs and fish from Ex Anambas (March 2002). Raffles Zoology. Supplement No. 8: 569-667. Museum Newsletter, 3: 3. Tan, H. H. & K. K. P. Lim, 2004. Inland fishes from the Anambas Yeo, D. C. J., D. L. Rahayu & P. K. L. Ng, 2004. Brachyura and Natuna Islands, South China Sea, with description of a new (Crustacea) of the Anambas Expedition 2002. In: Ng, P. K. L., species of Betta (Teleostei: Osphronemidae). In: Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of the D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), Scientific Results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Anambas Expedition 2002. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 11: 79-88. Supplement No. 11: 107-115.
8 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004
t of
ast of Pulau
coast of
Teluk Tarempa
Pulau Jemaja: northern
Pulau Jemaja: mouth of
mouth of Teluk Tiru and
Teluk Jebung - 3 trawls
southeast of P. Laut
coast coast
Teluk Tiru
northwards - 2 trawls
Teluk Jebung
north: Teluk Tarempah Tarempah Tarempah Tarempah Tarempah
south: Teluk Air BandungTerjun Air Terjun Air Bandung Air Bandung Air
south coast
Besar, west coastwest Besar, Segeram & Sg. Datuk Kaya Segeramtipsouthern Batubilis, P. & coast Natuna Besar - 2 trawls
south-western tipsouth-western tip: Teluk Dumang & bay innorth-western Dumang: Dumang Teluk tip: northern part of T. DumangBehala Pulau of corner = Teluk Bululan
01 Pulau Batam 02Jemaja:P. Anambas: P. Jemaja: Teluk Tiru P. Jemaja: Teluk Tiru P. Jemaja: Teluk Tiru P. Jemaja: Teluk Tirucoas southern Anambas:
03Jemaja:P. Anambas: P. Jemaja: Teluk Jebung P. Jemaja: Teluk Jebung P. Jemaja: Teluk Jebung P. Jemaja: Teluk Jebung Anambas: east
04Siantan,P. Anambas: P. Siantan, north: Teluk P. Siantan, north: Teluk P. Siantan, north: Teluk P. Siantan, north: Teluk Anambas:
05Mubur,P. Anambas: north-east:Siantan, P. north-east:Siantan, P. P. Mubur, south: Teluk P. Mubur, south: Teluk
06Laut,Pulau Natuna: P. Laut: Teluk Air Payang P. Laut: south coast P. Laut: south coast P. Laut & rocky islet
07 Natuna: Pulau Panjang no freshwater P. Panjang, northeastern P. Panjang: northeastern P. Panjang
08NatunaPulau Natuna: P. Natuna Besar: Sg. P. Natuna Besar: Sg.coastnortheastern Salor, P. northeasternSalor, P. Natuna: west co
09Bajau,Pulau Anambas: south-westernBajau, Pulau combined with Littoral 2 Pulau Bajau, south: Teluksouth-western Bajau: P.
10 Pulau Batam
Date Dayanchor Ship [DW] Freshwater Littoral 1 [JL] Littoral 2 [ZJ] Reef [D][TT] Trawls
11-Mar 12-Mar
13-Mar
14-Mar
15-Mar
16-Mar
17-Mar
18-Mar
19-Mar
20-Mar
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 1 of 9: Summary Sheet of all locations
9 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview
mangrove on
Rhizophora
Lumnitzera, Rhizophora and Sonneratia
Tiru: Air Neraja waterfall, Desa with sandy substrate with small rocks; Ulu Maras, Kecamatan Jemaja,Kecamatan Maras, Ulu surrounded by secondary forest and old Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau field
Tiru: Sungai Air Maras, Desa Ulusecondary by surrounded flow, moderate Maras, Kecamatan Jemaja,Kecamatan Maras, forest and old fields; small bridge Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau
Jebung: inland freshwaterstreaminland Jebung: algae, slow moving waters, middle of a of the northern mangrove inletmangrove of upstream land, cultivated
Jebung: northern mangrove inlet
Jebung: coastal part of theby surrounded southern mangrove inlet sand
of Teluk Tarempa: Sungai Air and gravel, moderate to fast flowing Suki, Desa Tarempa Barat, waters Kecamatan Siantan, Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau
inland of Teluk Temburun, Airsurrounded stream, flowing moderately Terjun Temburun, DesaTemburun, Terjun by old and active cultivated fields Temburun, Kecamatan Siantan, (“ladang”), recreational area Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau
Payang: Desa Air Payang, substrate, big boulders, surrounded by Kecamatan Bunguran Barat,Bunguran Kecamatan Nipah and village cultivated land Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau
Payang: Sungai Air Papan, Desaplantation, coconut sandbar, by closed Air Payang, Kecamatan BunguranKecamatan Payang, Air inland Nypa grove; taree stagnant, Barat, Kabupaten Natuna,Kabupaten Barat, substrate sandy with accumulated leaf Province RiauProvince litter, forming seasonally anoxic substrate
Payang: Desa Air Payang,Air Desa Payang: some corral rubble and rocks Kecamatan Bunguran Barat, Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau
Sungai Segeram, KecamatanSegeram, Sungai granite rocks, slow to moderate flowing Ranai, Kabupaten Natuna,Kabupaten Ranai, water, open area, surrounded by heath Province RiauProvince forest, logged forests and old fields
12-Mar 1110 1330 2 DW, TTTelukJemaja: Pulau Anambas: 105˚46.88’E 02˚54.57’N, Waterfall with big rocks and downstream
12-Mar 1600 2 DW, TT Anambas: Pulau Jemaja: Teluk105˚46.88’E 02˚54.57’N, substrate, sandy stream, Shallow
13-Mar 1000 2 DW, ZZTelukJemaja: Pulau Anambas: 105˚50.17’E 02˚56.98’N, Shallow stream, sandy substrate, lot of
13-Mar 1000 1111 4 SS, SJ, CIS Anambas: Pulau Jemaja: Teluk105˚40,18’E 02˚58.35’N, Bracksish water stream, surrounded by
13-Mar 1630 4 DW, TT, SS, DYTelukJemaja: Pulau Anambas: 105˚48.52’E 02˚56.54’N, Sand flat at Nipah-lined river mouth,
14-Mar 1030 4 DW, DY, CIS, SJinlandSiantan: Pulau Anambas: 106˚12.99’E 03˚12.86’N, Stream at edge of forest, substrate stone
15-Mar 1045 3 DW, ZZ, CISSiantan:Pulau eastern Anambas: 106˚16.31’E 03˚10.99’N, Waterfall, fast flowing, granitic, and
16-Mar 1205 4 DW, ZZ, CIS, SS Natuna: Pulau Laut: Teluk Air107˚57.15’E 04˚41.98’N, muddy stream, freshwater Seasonal
16-Mar 1437 4 DW, ZZ, CIS, SS Natuna: Pulau Laut: Teluk Air 04˚42.86’N,107˚57.79’E(meromictic), stream open Seasonally
16-Mar 1500 1630 1 SS Natuna: Pulau Laut: Teluk Air 04˚42.86’N,107˚57.79’E Sandflats, peppered with sea grass, and
18-Mar 0945 4 DW, THH, Zaidi, CISBesar:Natuna Pulau Natuna: 108˚03.37’E 03˚58.11’N, Freshwater stream, pH 7.2, large flat
Site No Date Time InOut Time Coll. No. Collectors Location GPSdescription Habitat
EA-DW01
EA-DW02
EA-DW03
EA-DW04
EA-DW05
EA-DW06
EA-DW07
EA-DW08
EA-DW09
EA-DW10
EA-DW11
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 2 of 9: Freshwater locality data (Part 1 of 2)
10 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004
Sungai Datuk Kaya, tributaryKaya, Datuk Sungai substrate with a lot of leaf litter, closed of Sungai Segeram, KecamatanSegeram, Sungai of canopy, surrounded by heath forest Ranai Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau
pool near Sungai Datuk Kaya, stagnant water, sandy substrate, totally tributary of Sungai Segeram,Sungai of tributary closed canopy, in heath forest Kecamatan Ranai Kabupaten Natuna, Province Riau
landward site off northernmost 03˚56’16.9"N,wide, (half-meter source groundwater bay of Teluk Dumang (?=Teluk 106˚17’53.5"E closed canopy) to coast (about 2 metres Buluan [local name]), Kampung wide, open canopy), surrounded initially Belimbing, Desa Nyamuk,Desa Belimbing, by dense Sago forest, later sparse Kecamatan Siantan, KabupatenSiantan, Kecamatan coconut plantation, sandy substrate, Natuna, Province Riau slow moving water
18-Mar 1435 3 DW, THH, CIS Natuna: Pulau Natuna Besar:108˚03.95’E 03˚56.46’N, Blackwater tributary, pH 3.6, sandy
18-Mar 1530 1villager Sedanau aBesar: Natuna Pulau Natuna: 108˚03.95’E 03˚56.46’N, A pool in a forested area, pH 4.7,
19-Mar 1130 2 DW, ZZBajau:Pulau southern Anambas: north of dive site atfrom long) 50m (about Stream
Site No Date Time InOut Time Coll. No. Collectors Location GPSdescription Habitat
EA-DW12
EA-DW13
EA-DW14
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 3 of 9: Freshwater locality data (Part 2 of 2)
11 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview
mangrove,
Rhizophora,
patch adjacent to
, no major estuary,
Rhizophora
Rhizophora, Bruguiera
), at edge of waterfall, water
50m Rhizophora
Rhizophora
Nipah
opposite Pulau Punisansubstrate sandy
Tiru: northern-coast of Pulauof northern-coast Tiru: sandy beach and dead inter-tidal Punisan coral
Anambas: Pulau Jemaja:Jebung: northern and easterndense mangrove, Coastal fringing mangrove inletsmangrove inland and sandy dead coral
southeastern coast of theof coast southeastern 50m patch, low tide at 1400h Niulwan Peninsular, off Selat Peninting
Pulau Panjang (north-west of mangrove of Pulau Natuna Besar) (=Air Terjun) Natuna: Pulau Laut, south(north-westPanjang Pulau with mangrove, fringe Coastal of mangrove; night sampling of Pulau Natuna Besar) Natuna: Pulau Natuna Besar:Natuna Pulau Natuna: Slow moving brackish stream, leaf
Sungai Segeram: 20m north banks, about 50m wide of the river, about 150m inland
gobies, coast extensive sand spit to the east
Selatium
gobies, Siantan: Teluk Temburun:
fishTelukJemaja: Pulau Anambas: Deep sheltered sandy bay with
Uca,
Metopograpsus,
Thalamita,
Nerita
sp., halfbeak,sp., Sungai Segeram: north bank litter
leaf oysters,leaf waterfallTemburun, Sungai drains into pool, rocky substrate
Eriphia,
x2, one freshlyPulaueastern Anambas: ( mangrove Fringing
numerous, biscuitnumerous, northern edge of Teluk Tiru,
Caradina,
frogs, crickets,frogs, ofcoast north-eastern Natuna: Beach, rock pools and small patch
stars, water skater, 5
Metopograpsus,
Tridachna
Metopograpsus shrimp Epixanthus moulted, Perisesarma, Thais, Nerita, Turbo Ozius, mudskippers,
Hemigobius mingi, Mugiligobius shrimps, sesarminesshrimps, about 150m inland
Huang
Nguyen, I-In Brittle stars,
Satria molluscs, some
12-Mar 1515 1530 3 Joelle, Ben, Zaidi St. Andrew’s cross spiderTeluk Jemaja: Pulau Anambas:
13-Mar 0930 1630 3 Joelle, Ben, I-In 12-Mar 1030 1345 4 Joelle, Ben, Zaidi, More than 20
14-Mar 1500 1600 4 Joelle, Zeehan, Sea cucumbers, stomatopod, Anambas: Pulau Matak: Fringing
15-Mar 0900 1615 417-Mar 0945 JL, DY, I-In, Eddy 1230ofcoast north-eastern Natuna: Beach, rock pools and small patch
17-Mar 1800 2015 3 16-Mar 1030 1615 4 JL, Nguyen, Ben,cucmber, Sea
18-Mar 1200 1400 4 JL, TT, CSC, Tang
18-Mar 1200 1400 4 JL, TT, CSC, Tang(TT)jack mangrove Ucas, Besar:Natuna Pulau Natuna: sandstone estuary, Mangrove
Site No Date Time InOut Time Coll. No. Collectorscharacteristic Site Location GPSdescription Habitat
EA-JL02
EA-JL03 EA-JL01
EA-JL04
EA-JL05 EA-JL07
EA-JL07 EA-JL06
EA-JL08
EA-JL09
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 4 of 9: Littoral locality data (Part 1 of 3)
12 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004
coral,
Acropora
sp.), adjacent to larger patch of
sp.
Rhizophora
reefs not extensive. Open waters with fringing reefs, mainly
Acropora
than106û13.11E 03û17.95N, Sandy beach with big rocks, coral rubble and
absent, fewabsent, 106û13.10E 03û17.95N, Sheltered bay, rocky shore, lot of rocks damaged
sp.
Diadema
Carpilus maculatus, Eriphia
Diadema
northern edge of Teluk Tiru, coral reef, adjacent fringing mangrove, extended opposite Pulau PunisanPulau opposite sand spit with rocks.
Teluk Tiru: northern-coastTiru: Teluk sandy beach, small mangrove patch of Pulau Punisan
Pulau Jemaja: north-eastern ( shore of Teluk Jebung mangroves; sandy beach with rubble, offshore
Pulau Jemaja: north-eastern corner of Teluk Jebung: western-most of a pair of islands off Tanjung Jebung
southeastern coast of theof coast southeastern and some rocky shore with barnacles. Coastal Niulwan Peninsular, off forest. Selat Peninting
Pulau Mubur: Teluk Airareas surrounding shallow reefs, sheltered bay, coastal forest. Bandung: eastern shore of Pulau Kecik
Pulau Mubur: Teluk Airfish,reef mollusc, for harvesting for house building, shallow reefs Bandung: eastern shore of echinoderms offshore Pulau Kecik
12-Mar 1020 1400 11Jemaja:Pulau Anambas: Sandy-mudflat, coral rubble and rocks. Offshore
12-Mar 1505 1700 12 Anambas: Pulau Jemaja: Sheltered bay, shallow reefs,
13-Mar 0920 1600 12 Anambas: east coast of105˚49.92’E 02˚57.83’N, Sheltered bay with fringing mangroves
13-Mar 1300 1430 4 Anambas: east coast of
14-Mar 1340 1410 13Matak:Pulau Anambas: 106˚15.95’E 03˚13.67’N, Shallow reefs, sandy shore with some coral
15-Mar 1030 1400 10 Anambas: south-western Fewer
15-Mar 1430 1530 10 Anambas: south-western
Site No Date Time InOut Time Coll. No. Locationcharacteristic Site GPSdescription Habitat
EA-ZJ01
EA-ZJ02
EA-ZJ03
EA-ZJ04
EA-ZJ05
EA-ZJ06
EA-ZJ07
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 5 of 9: Littoral locality data (Part 2 of 3)
rubble
13 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview
efs
Extensive sandflats, extensive reef flats, coral
offshore.
caught bycaught sparse, fish and other organisms few, sand bar
Sargassum.
Sphyraena
barracuda
Chelonia mydas,
Grapsus, Eriphia, blennies.
Pulau Laut, sand/mudflats east of sand spit linking to local fisherman in area, connects main island to small island offshore the small island Pulau Sengat, and offshore coralBrown turtle, Hawksbill reefs terns
of Pulau Panjang (north-west especially
of Pulau Natuna Besar)
of Pulau Panjang (north-westfishesassociated coral sampling night offshore; of Pulau Natuna Besar)
Pulau Salor (off the west small village of about 5-6 houses coast of Pulau Natuna Besar)
Pulau Batubilis (off the west Valencienna rocky on the eastern coast, offshore reefs coast of Pulau Natuna Besar)
Bajau: Teluk Dumang:Teluk Bajau: other parts of island rocky with fringing reefs; north-western corner offorests. coastal Pulau Behala
16-Mar 1030 1600 7 Natuna: southern coast of 1.5m
17-Mar 0945 1230coastnorth-eastern Natuna: macroalgaeof Lot 108˚12.27’E 04˚15.90’N, Rocky headlands with small sandy bays, reefs
17-Mar 1830 2000coastnorth-eastern Natuna: Gill net obtained many108˚12.27’E 04˚15.90’N, Rocky headlands with small sandy bays, re
18-Mar 1030 1230 6ofcoast Natuna:northeastern gobies Blennies, 107û55.20E 03û53.73N, Rocky-sandy shore with small rocks, adjacent to
18-Mar 1600 1800 9 Natuna: southern tip ofLabridae, Gerridae, 107û57.50E 03û56.26N, Sandy beaches with beach vegetation, slightly
19-Mar 1040 1245 12 Anambas: south of Pulau Labridae107˚57.51’E 03û56.20N, Small stretch of sandy beach with offshore reefs;
Site No Date Time InOut Time Coll. No. Locationcharacteristic Site GPSdescription Habitat
EA-ZJ08
EA-ZJ09
EA-ZJ10
EA-ZJ11
EA-ZJ12
EA-ZJ13
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 6 of 9: Littoral locality data (Part 3 of 3)
14 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004
visibility
Diadema,
Diadema,
Pulau Jemaja: north-eastern reef damage by dynamite
Tanjung Linang
in Selat Peninting east coast of Pulau Mantas deep
),
corasse,
Heriochus
Aeoliscus
Regal & 6 bar
crinoid ofcoast east Anambas: Reef slope, up to 15m with signs of
), humphead
Lindria
Halophila,
Nudibranch, coast of P. Matak: islet 106˚14’32.6"Eof population
), top shell,
Pseudchromis
brittle stars, sponges, off Tanjung Jebung Trapezia, zebra moray, blue-faced angel fish
Thais,
Anthias
strigatus bannerfish ( white), tomato clownfish,Peninting Selat varius and dead coral urchin clingfish; saw starfish ( Trapezia crab Parioglossus, goby, diadema, emperor
scorpionfish (from coral Tanjung Kran rubble), parrot, striped surgeon fish, shrimp, razorfish (>30)
Agus, Yusri, Mags, crown of thornsnorthern-coastTiru: Teluk 105˚47’38.5"EAnjo, Tek, CSC, DY, Goby Acropora, boulder reef, white coral corner of Teluk Jebung: off Anjo, Tek, CSC, CISTTPunisanPulau of sand. Tanjung Jebung
Agus, Yusri, Mags,Agus, Yusri, Mags,conch, spider Teluk Tiru, northern edge 105˚48’30.1"Enorth-easternJemaja: Pulau Acropora, dead coral, white coral 105˚50’47.4"Ecorals branching and Anjo, Tek, CSC, CISAnjo, Tek, CSC, CISstars,sea crinoids, of bay, near southern tip ofJebung: Teluk of corner sand.
Agus, Yusri, Mags, shrimp,
Agus, Yusri, Mags,
Anjo, Tek, CSC Coral goby,? Larbid south-east of Tanjung Yang, <5metres
Agus, Yusri, Mags,Yusri, Agus, nudibranch, stars, coast of P. Matak: islets 106˚13’48.3"Eof population large a Anjo, Tek, CSC damselfish (black & near Tanjung Yang, in visibility <5 metres, much damaged
Agus, Mags, Anjo,Mags, Agus, shallowsin coral, Bandung:Air Teluk Mubur: 106˚12’09.8"E 0 steep wall with algae and silt, >30m Tek, CSC, Ben( razorfish
Agus, Yusri, Mags,Yusri, Agus, pipe(blue, sponges Mubur:Pulau of peninsular 106˚12’29.4"E crest and reef slope to rocky shore Anjo, Tek, CSCurchin,seastar, organ), Teluk Air Bandung: off
12-Mar 1125 10 THH, Adrim, Manto, False anemone fish,Jemaja:Pulau Anambas: 02˚52’54.4"N, Fringing reef, maximum length 6-8m.
12-Mar 155013-Mar 10 1525 THH, Adrim, Manto,fishrabbit Fox-faced Jemaja:Pulau Anambas: 02˚53’10.0"N, 10 Fringing reef, maximum length 8m. Manto,Adrim, THH, shellfish, Cone, Anambas: east coast of 02˚57’13.6"N, Reef slope, white coral sand, boulder
13-Mar 1107 11 THH, Adrim, Manto,
14-Mar 1000 9 THH, Adrim, Manto,shrimp,snapping Coral south-western Anambas: 03˚14’34.9"N, Disturbed fringing reef, with large
14-Mar 1530 9 THH, Adrim, Manto, Snails, scallop, seasouth-western Anambas: 03˚15’19.9"N, Shallow disturbed fringing reef, with
15-Mar 1045 9Manto,Adrim, THH, pointedstrange Some Pulauof south Anambas: 3˚17’45.3"N, Reef crest with lot of living coral,
15-Mar 1545 9Manto,Adrim, THH, nudibranch,shell, Top south-eastern Anambas: 03˚18’05.5"N, Fringing reef, farily steep slope, reef
Site No Date Time InOut Time Coll. No. Collectorscharacteristic Site Location GPSdescription Habitat
EA-D01
EA-D02 EA-D04
EA-D03
EA-D05
EA-D06
EA-D07
EA-D08
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 7 of 9: Coral Reef locality data (Part 1 of 2)
15 Ng et al.: Expedition Anambas overview
and
soft coral,
soft coral,
head, >4m across
Poritis
Poritis, Acropora,
Poritis, Acropora,
western tip of Pulau Bajau: 106˚17’53.5"E Poritus; shallows, reef flat with much
6-bar
Chelmon
crab, sea urchin,
regal emperor,
, Whip coral
Lindeia,
rostratus, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Amphiprion perideranion, A. ocellatus
Lindeia, blue mask emperor, sweetlips, batfish, bannerfish, butterflyfish, moorish idol, panther grouper, electric blue damsel, octopous (head ca. 25cm)
Trapezia sweetlips x 2, spotted sea stars, unicorn surgeon, puffer, boxfish, grouper, parrot fish with cuttlefish, 6-bar angel bumphead, saw porcupine fish fish
Epinephelus angus
black gobiodon, Psseudochromis diadema goby, black and green nudibranch
Agus, Yusri, Mags,seatunicatee, colonila coast 107˚57’43.3"E flats (pasir putih) Anjo, Tek, CSC, DY, star TT angelfish,
Agus, Yusri, Mags,Yusri, Agus, shrimp, Gorgonian south-east of Pulau Laut 107˚58’18.1"E lot of Anjo, Tek, CSC, DY,star sea nudibrach, TT
Yusri, DY, TTcrabs,hermit shrimps, south-east of Pulau Laut 107˚58’18.1"E lot of
Yusri, Mags, Anjo,Mags, Yusri, shrimpand crinoid coast of Pulau Salor, west depth and steeep slope to sandy Agus, Yusri, Mags,shrimp,and crinoid Pulauof north-west Tek, DY 108˚11’05.3"E white fine sand, slightly damaged cucumbersea (D13-A), of Pulau Natuna Besar bottom at 15m Tek, CSC, CIStunicate, urching, Besar Natuna large reefs, Agus, Yusri, Mags, Anjo, Tek, CSC, CISgobies,trap), (from Dumang Teluk algae
16-Mar 1015 11Manto,Adrim, THH, Top shell, sea cucumber, Natuna: Pulau Laut, south 04˚38’54.8"N, Fringing reef, extensive reef and s
16-Mar 1614 11Manto,Adrim, THH, shrimp, Crinoid isletrocky Natuna: 04˚37’39.8"N, Fringing reef off rocky (laval) islet,
16-Mar 2050 6 THH, Adrim, Agus, Lot of majid crabs,isletrocky Natuna: 04˚37’39.8"N, Fringing reef off rocky (laval) islet,
18-Mar 0910 1230 8Agus,Manto, Adrim, sponge,ascidian, Seastar, northeastern Natuna: Patch reef, with reef flat at 4-5m 17-Mar 1026 9 THH, Adrim, Manto,cowry,tiger Snails, Panjang,Pulau Natuna: 04˚13’57.0"N, Fringing reef, extensive reef flats,
19-Mar 1030 10 THH, Adrim, Manto, Macroalgae (sea grapes), Anambas: off the south- 03˚06’16.9"N, Fringing reef, Acropora, branching
Site No Date Time InOut Time Coll. No. Collectorscharacteristic Site Location GPSdescription Habitat
EA-D09
EA-D10
EA-D11
EA-D13 EA-D12
EA-D14
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 8 of 9: Coral Reef locality data (Part 2 of 2)
16 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2004
ace)
surface
03˚15.28’N, 106˚11.79’E (out, 42m)
03˚56.34’N, 107˚54.41’E (out), surface
03˚56.34’N, 107˚54.41’E (out, 23m)
northern mouth of Teluk Tiru and northwards32m) (out, 105˚48.15’E 02˚51.23’N,
northern mouth of Teluk Tiru and northwards30m) (out, 105˚50.97’E 02˚54.63’N,
of Teluk Jebung 02˚53.71’N, 105˚50.38’E (out, 29m)
of Teluk Jebung 02˚55.39’N, 105˚51.15’E (out, 24m)
of Teluk Jebung(out), 105˚50.38’E 02˚53.71’N,
12-Mar 2010 2202 Tommy Tan et al. Anambas: southern coast of Pulau Jemaja:30m);(in, 105˚50.43’E 02˚52.80’N, trawl Night
12-Mar 2253 2345 Tommy Tan et al. Anambas: southern coast of Pulau Jemaja:to 30m) (in, 105˚50.52’E 02˚52.43’N,
13-Mar 1955 2100 Tommy Tan et al. Anambas: east coast of Pulau Jemaja: mouthto20m) (in, 105˚50.16’E 02˚55.81’N, trawl Night
13-Mar 2128 2235 Tommy Tan et al. Anambas: east coast of Pulau Jemaja: mouthto31m) (in, 105˚50.55’E 02˚53.03’N, trawl Night
13-Mar 2028 2100 Tommy Tan et al. Anambas: east coast of Pulau Jemaja: mouthto(in) 105˚50.27’E 02˚55.30’N, (surf trawl insect Night
14-Mar 1920 2022 Tommy Tan et al.TarempaTeluk Anambas: 03û15.31N, 106û09.50E (in, 46m) totrawl Night
18-Mar 2045 2138 Tommy Tan et al. Natuna: west coast of Pulau Natuna Besar(in),107˚52.00’E 03˚56.00’N, surface trawl, Insect
18-Mar 2036 2140 Tommy Tan et al. Natuna: west coast of Pulau Natuna Besar41m),(in, 107˚51.78’E 03˚56.01’N, Trawl Night
Site No Date Time InOut Time Collectors Location GPSdescription Habitat
EA-TT01
EA-TT02
EA-TT03
EA-TT04
EA-TT05
EA-TT06
EA-TT07
EA-TT08
Appendix 1. Ex Anambas, 11-20 March 2002. Location data of sampling sites. Page 9 of 9: Trawl locality data
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