The First Fish Field Guide Ever Published Dedicated to the Tubbataha Reefs

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The first fish field guide ever published dedicated to the Tubbataha Reefs

Compiled for the use of guests, visitors, and marine scientists

With over 200 pictures of different fish species

Documented >30% of the total resident population (633) TUBBATAHA REEFS

FISH GUIDE

TUBBATAHA REEFS

FISH GUIDE Acknowledgements Author’s note Foreword Acanthuridae Surgeonfishes, Unicornfishes (p. 1) Aulostomidae Trumpetfishes (p. 5) Balistidae Triggerfishes (p. 6) Caesionidae Fusiliers (p. 8) Carangidae Jacks, Trevallies (p. 9) Chaetodontidae Butterflyfishes (p. 10) Cirrhitidae Hawkfishes (p. 14) Ephippidae Batfishes (p. 15) Fistularidae Cornetfishes (p. 16) Gobiidae Gobies (p. 17) Sweetlips (p. 18) Haemulidae Holocentridae Squirrelfishes (p. 19) Kyphosidae Sea chubs (p. 20) Labridae Wrasses (p. 21) Lethrinidae Emperors (p. 26) Lutjanidae Snappers (p. 29) Mullidae Goatfishes (p. 32) Muraenidae Moray eels (p. 33) Nemipteridae Whiptail breams (p. 34) Ostraciidae Boxfishes (p. 35) Pinguipedidae Sand perches (p. 36) Pomacanthidae Angelfishes (p. 37) Pomacentridae Damselfishes (p. 38) Priacanthidae Bigeyes (p. 44) Ptereleotridae Dartfishes (p. 45) Scaridae Parrotfishes (p. 46) Scorpaenidae Scorpionfishes, Firefishes (p. 49) Serranidae Groupers, Sea basses (p. 50) Siganidae Rabbitfishes (p. 54) Sphyraenidae Barracudas (p. 55) Synodontidae Lizardfishes (p. 56) Tetraodontidae Pufferfishes (p. 57) Zanclidae Moorish idol (p. 59) FAMILY ACANTHURIDAE Surgeonfishes, Tangs, Unicornfishes

from Greek Akantha Class ACTINOPTERYGII (thorn) + Oura (tail) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder ACANTHUROIDEI REMARKS - All species marine, circumtropical distribution, 82 species recorded under 6 genera - Small and terminal mouth, ctenoid scales, single row close-set teeth, many are brightly colored - Feed on benthic algae, zooplankton, and detritus. Pelagic spawners

1 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 48 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 50 BLACKSTREAK SURGEONFISH BROWN SURGEONFISH Acanthurus nigricaudus Acanthurus nigrofuscus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 2 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. 2013 SPOTTED UNICORNFISH SLEEK UNICORNFISH Naso brevirostris Naso hexacanthus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 3 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. 2013 TWOTONE TANG SAILFIN TANG Zebrasoma scopas Zebrasoma velifer Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 4 Volume 1 FAMILY AULOSTOMIDAE Trumpetfishes

from Greek Aulos Class ACTINOPTERYGII (flute) + Stoma (mouth) Subclass Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, found in tropical atlantic and indo-pacific regions, 3 species recorded under 6 genera - Compressed and elongated scaly body, fleshy barbels at the tip of lower jaw, rounded caudal fin - Ambush predator, feeds on small fishes and crustaceans. Spawners

5 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY BALISTIDAE Triggerfishes

from Greek Balein Class ACTINOPTERYGII (to throw) Subclass once considered as “trash fish” Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, found in Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions, 42 species recorded under 12 genera - Odd-shaped compressed body, swim with their 2nd dorsal (adipose) and anal fins - Most species are carnivorous, some feed on algae. Lay demersal eggs, aggresive guarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 6 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) PINKTAIL TRIGGERFISH RED-TOOTHED TRIGGERFISH Melichthys vidua Odonus niger Max. length Max. length

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 7 Volume 1 FAMILY CAESIONIDAE Fusiliers

from Greek Caesius Class ACTINOPTERYGII (bluish-grey) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder PERCOIDEI REMARKS - All species marine, thrive in Indo-west Pacific, 23 species recorded under 4 genera - Elongate and fusiform body, small mouth, deeply-forked caudal fin - Active swimmers, feed on zooplankton. Spawners, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 8 Volume 1 FAMILY CARANGIDAE CHAETODONTIDAE Jacks, Trevallies

from French Carangue Class ACTINOPTERYGII (name of a Caribbean Subclass fish) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine. rare in brackish environment, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 148 species under 30 genera - Shape varies from very deep to fusiform, spiny scutes along lateral line, widely-forked caudal fin - Fast swimmers, feed on small fishes and invertebrates. Spawners, nonguarders

9 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY CHAETODONTIDAE Butterflyfishes

from Greek Chaite Class ACTINOPTERYGII (hair) + Odontos (teeth) Subclass NEOPTERYGII Order PERCIFORMES Suborder PERCOIDEI REMARKS - Marine-brackish, found in tropical Atlantic and Indo-west Pacific, 129 species recorded under 12 genera - Highly compressed body, mouth protrusible with small brushlike teeth, most have “eyespot” - Diet includes coelenterate polyps, inverts, fish eggs, filamentous algae, others planktivore. Spawners

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 10 Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) SADDLE BUTTERFLYFISH SUNBURST BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon ephippium Chaetodon kleinii Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 11 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) LATTICED BUTTERFLYFISH CHEVRON BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon rafflesi Chaetodon trifascialis Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 12 Volume 1 CIRRHITIDAE

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 13 Volume 1 FAMILY CIRRHITIDAE Hawkfishes

from Latin Cirrus Class ACTINOPTERYGII (curl, fringe) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, found in Eastern and Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 33 species from 12 genera - Usually small and colorful. Protogynous hermaphrodites - Feed on small crustaceans and fishes. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 14 Volume 1 FAMILY EPHIPPIDAE FISTULARIIDAE Batfishes, Spadefishes

from Latin Ephippium Class ACTINOPTERYGII (horse saddle) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Rarely found in estuaries, present in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 15 species under 8 genera - Compressed body, small mouth, wing-like dorsal and anal fins - Omnivorous species. Spawners

15 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY FISTULARIIDAE Cornetfishes

from Latin Fistula Class ACTINOPTERYGII (pipeline) Subclass Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Marine, along tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 4 species under sole genera - Slightly depressed and extremely elongate body, tubular snout w/o barbels, body tapering at caudal end - Feed on crustaceans and small fishes. Spawners, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 16 Volume 1 FAMILY GOBIIDAE Gobies

from Greek Gobius Class ACTINOPTERYGII (goby) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder GOBIOIDEI REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some species are catadromous, tropical and subtropical, 1677 species under 250 genera - Ironically the largest family in terms of number with the smallest members (size), most are below 10 cm - Diet varies, some are cryptic carnivores, some are planktivores, some eat ectotermic organisms from other fishes. Nest spawners, guarders

17 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY HAEMULIDAE Grunts, Sweetlips

from Greek Haimaleos Class ACTINOPTERYGII (bloody) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some brackish, rarely freshwater, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 136 species under 19 genera - Thick lips, continuous dorsal fin, enlarged chin pores - Nocturnal and feed on benthic invertebrates. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 18 Volume 1 FAMILY HOLOCENTRIDAE Squirrelfishes, Soldierfishes

from Greek Holos Class ACTINOPTERYGII (whole) + Kentron Subclass (sharp point) Order BERYCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, found in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 83 species under 8 genera - Large eyes, edged operculum, forked caudal fin, usually reddish - Most are nocturnal, feed on zooplankton, benthic inverts, and small fishes. Spawners, nonguarders

19 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY KYPHOSIDAE Sea chubs

from Greek Kyphos Class ACTINOPTERYGII (hump) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, along Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 52 species from 14 genera - Omnivores, pelagic spawners

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 20 Volume 1 FAMILY LABRIDAE Wrasses

from Greek Labrum Class ACTINOPTERYGII (lip) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder LABROIDEI REMARKS - All species marine, found in waters of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, with 520 species under 70 genera - Shape, size, and color are very diverse (change color and sex with growth) - Planktivores, some are carnivores, some are symbiotic (cleaner wrasse). Pelagic spawners

21 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) TRIPLETAIL WRASSE HUMPHEAD WRASSE (JUV) Cheilinus trilobatus Cheilinus undulatus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 22 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Art Faburada BIRD WRASSE CANARY WRASSE Gomphosus varius Halichoeres chrysus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 23 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Art Faburada BLACKEYE THICKLIP BLUESTREAK CLEANER WRASSE Hemigymnus melapterus Labroides dimidiatus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 24 Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) BLUNTHEADED WRASSE SIXBAR WRASSE Thalassoma amblycephalum Thalassoma hardwicke Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 25 Volume 1 FAMILY LETHRINIDAE Emperors

from Greek Lethrinia Class ACTINOPTERYGII (a fish pertaining to Subclass genus Pagellus) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some in estuaries, tropical Indo-Pacific (except L. atlanticus), 38 species from 5 genera - Carnivorous bottom feeders - Pelagic spawners, some demonstrate protogynous hermaphroditism, nonguarders

THUMBPRINT EMPEROR PINK EAR EMPEROR Lethrinus harak Lethrinus lentjan Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 26 Volume 1 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 119 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 120

SMALLTOOTH EMPEROR TRUMPET EMPEROR Lethrinus microdon Lethrinus miniatus Max. length: Max. length:

SPANGLED EMPEROR ORNATE EMPEROR Lethrinus nebulosus Lethrinus ornatus Max. length: Max. length:

BLACK BLOTCH EMPEROR SLENDER EMPEROR Lethrinus semicinctus Lethrinus variegatus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 27 Volume 1 © Art Faburada

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 28 Volume 1 FAMILY LUTJANIDAE Snappers

from Malay ikan lutjan Class ACTINOPTERYGII (a name of a fish) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some enter freshwater for feeding, 110 species under 17 genera - Moderate to large terminal mouth, jaws bearing canine teeth - Feed on crustaceans and fishes, some are planktivores. Spawners, nonguarders

29 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 106 © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) BLACKTAIL SNAPPER HUMPBACK RED SNAPPER Lutjanus fulvus Lutjanus gibbus Max. length: Max. length:

© Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 105 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 105 BIGEYE SNAPPER ONE-SPOT SNAPPER Lutjanus lutjanus Lutjanus monostigma Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 30 Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) © Art Faburada MIDNIGHT SNAPPER BLACK AND WHITE SNAPPER Macolor macularis Macolor niger Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 31 Volume 1 FAMILY MULLIDAE Goatfishes

from Latin Mullus Class ACTINOPTERYGII (soft) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rarely brackish, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 83 species from 6 genera - Elongated body, forked caudal fin, with two barbels used as chemosensors - Feed on invertebrates and small fishes. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 32 Volume 1 FAMILY MURAENIDAE Moray eels

from Latin Muraena Class ACTINOPTERYGII (moray eel) Subclass ELOPOMORPHA Order ANGUILLIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Marine, brackish, and freshwater, found in tropical and temperate seas, 201 species from 16 genera - Snake-like body, large mouth with numerous teeth (often fangs), scaleless, no pelvic and pectoral fins - Nocturnal, hiding at day, feed on crustaceans, cephalopods, and fishes. Spawners, nonguarders

33 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY NEMIPTERIDAE Threadfin breams, Whiptail breams

from Greek Nemas Class ACTINOPTERYGII (thread) + Pteron Subclass (fin) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, Indo-west Pacific, 67 species recorded under 5 genera - Carnivorous, feed on cephalopodds, crustaceans, and polychaetes - Spawners, nonguarders. Scolopsis exhibit protogynous hermaphroditism

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 34 Volume 1 FAMILY OSTRACIIDAE Boxfishes

from Greek Ostrakon Class ACTINOPTERYGII (shell) Subclass Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific regions, 25 species under 8 genera - Bony carapace enclosing body, dorsal fins not spinous, some secrete ostracitoxin - Feed on sessile invertebrates and algae. Highly territorial, spawners, nonguarders

35 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY PINGUIPEDIDAE Sandperches

from Latin Pinguis Class ACTINOPTERYGII (fat) + Greek Pous Subclass (foot) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder TRACHINOIDEI REMARKS - Live in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments, present in Atlantic side of S. America and Africa - Also in the Indo-Pacific, 83 species under 7 genera. Carnivorous, feed on small fishes and invertebrates - Pelagic spawners, nonguarders, territorial and haremic

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 36 Volume 1 FAMILY POMACANTHIDAE Angelfishes

from Greek Poma Class ACTINOPTERYGII (cover) + Akantha Subclass NEOPTERYGII (thorn) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, found in tropical Atlantic, Indian, and Western Pacific, with 88 species from 8 genera - Compressed body, rounded to lunate caudal fin, striking coloration - Feed on filamentous algae, sponges, sessile invert

37 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY POMACENTRIDAE Damselfishes

from Greek Poma Class ACTINOPTERYGII (cover) + Kentron Subclass (sting) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder LABROIDEI REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rare in estuaries, all tropical seas, mainly Indo-Pacific, 387 species under 29 genera - Compressed, deep body, small mouth, interrupted lateral line, color varies with locality on same species - 35 cm max. length. Omnivores, planktivores. Egg layers, guarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 38 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Art Faburada YELLOWTAIL CLOWNFISH TOMATO CLOWNFISH Amphiprion clarkii Amphiprion frenatus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 39 Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) TERNATE CHROMIS BLUE GREEN DAMSELFISH Chromis ternatensis Chromis viridis Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 40 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Art Faburada TALBOT’S DEMOISELLE WHITETAIL DASCYLLUS Chrysiptera talboti Dascyllus aruanus © Art Faburada. © Art Faburada.

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 41 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Art Faburada ALEXANDER’S DAMSEL AMBON DAMSEL Pomacentrus alexanderae Pomacentrus amboinensis Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 42 Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) BLACKSPOT DAMSEL OCELLATE DAMSELFISH Pomacentrus stigma Pomacentrus vaiuli Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 43 Volume 1 FAMILY PRIACANTHIDAE Bigeyes

from Greek Prion Class ACTINOPTERYGII (saw) + Akantha Subclass (thorn) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, tropical and subtropical regions of Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific, 19 species, 4 genera - Very big eyes with reflective layer, oblique and big mouth, roughly scaled, usually bright red - Nocturnal carnivores. Egg layers, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 44 Volume 1 FAMILY PTERELEOTRIDAE Dartfishes

from Greek Pteron Class ACTINOPTERYGII (wing) + Eleotris Subclass (name of a Nile fish) Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rarely freshwater, tropical and subtropical regions of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific - Small, elongate body with dart-like fins - Planktivores. Egg layers, guarders

45 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY SCARIDAE Parrotfishes

from Greek Skairo Class ACTINOPTERYGII (to jump) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder LABROIDEI REMARKS - All species marine, circumtropical distribution, 100 species under 10 genera - Fused jaw, parrot-like mouth and teeth, continuous dorsal fin, brightly colored at their terminal phase - Grazers of algae and corals which turns into sand, herbivorous. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders

SINGAPORE PARROTFISH COMMON PARROTFISH Scarus prasiognathos Scarus psittacus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 48 Volume 1 FAMILY SCORPAENIDAE Scorpionfishes, Firefishes

from Latin Scorpaena Class ACTINOPTERYGII (a kind of fish) Subclass Order SCORPAENIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rarely freshwater, all tropical and temperate regions, 215 species under 26 genera - Compressed body, spines and ridges on head, venomous dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines - Feed on crustaceans and fishes. Egg layers

49 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY SERRANIDAE Groupers, Sea basses

from Latin Serranus Class ACTINOPTERYGII (saw, fish saw) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder PERCOIDEI REMARKS - Marine (chiefly), brackish, and freshwater, tropical and temperate regions, 535 species under 75 genera - Appearance very diverse, varies with growth. Feed on fish eggs, crustaceans, and zooplankton - Spawners, nonguarders, protogynous hermaphrodites

MALABAR GROUPER ONE-BLOTCH GROUPER Epinephelus malabaricus Epinephelus melanostigma Max. length: Max. length:

WHITE-STREAKED GROUPER GREASY GROUPER Epinephelus ongus Epinephelus tauvina Max. length: Max. length:

SQUARETAIL CORALGROUPER BLACKSADDLED CORALGROUPER Plectropomus areolatus Plectropomus laevis Max. length: Max. length:

LEOPARD CORALGROUPER HIGHFIN CORALGROUPER Plectropomus leopardus Plectropomus oligacanthus Max. length: Max. length:

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 53 Volume 1 FAMILY SIGANIDAE Rabbitfishes

from Latin Siganus Class ACTINOPTERYGII (rabbit fish) Subclass NEOPTERYGII Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some are brackish, Eastern Mediterranean and throughout Indo-Pacific - Only 1 genera with 28 species. Poisonous spines - Diurnal herbivores (sea grass and algae). Pelagic spawners, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 54 Volume 1 FAMILY SPHYRAENIDAE Barracudas

from Greek Sphyraina Class ACTINOPTERYGII (a pike/spear-like fish) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - All species marine, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific tropical and subtropical regions, 27 species under lone genera - Long, elongate body, large mouth, lower jaw protruding upward, well-developed lateral line - Dorsal fins far apart. Voracious predator of other fish, with reported human attacks. Pelagic spawners

55 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY SYNODONTIDAE Lizardfishes

from Greek Syn Class ACTINOPTERYGII (all together, united) + Subclass Odous (teeth) Order AULOPIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Rare on estuaries, chiefly marine, along Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 70 recorded species under 3 genera - Small, cylindrical body, spineless fins, large mouth full of sharp teeth - Voracious predator of smaller fishes. Egg layers, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 56 Volume 1 FAMILY TETRAODONTIDAE Pufferfishes

from Greek Tetra Class ACTINOPTERYGII (four) + Odous (teeth) Subclass NEOPTERYGII Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Chiefly marine, also in brackish and freshwater environments, tropical and subtropical regions - 190 species under 26 genera. Inflates body with water if stressed, viscera with tetraodotoxin - Feed on algae and small invertebrates. Egg layers, guarders

57 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY ZANCLIDAE Moorish idol

from Greek Zagkios Class ACTINOPTERYGII (oblique) Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder REMARKS - Marine, Indo-Pacific. Sole representative of family Zanclidae - Strongly compressed and discoid body, tubular snout, numerous bristle-like teeth, whip-like dorsal spine - Feed on sponges and benthic invertebrates. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders

Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book 58 Volume 1