essenger Volume 3 Issue 4 IMIC M June 2011 C The CCOE Information Leaflet VIKING 11 Inside this issue: - THE premier Multinational and

VIKING 11 1 Comprehensive exercise in the world - History and background Support by CIMIC Centre of Excellence Exercise setting: scenario and training 3 audience

CIMIC Centre of Excellence‟s (CCOE) involvement in the 4 exercise

Final remarks 6

Get in contact with CCOE 6

1. History and background Picture 1: VIKING 11 / Coordination meeting during the planning phase.

Six VIKING exercises (respectively in: „99, „01, „03, „05, „08, and ‟11) have been conducted. EX VIKING is the main Multinational Exercise and major flagship for the . It clearly shows the importance of building Partner Capacity in a Combined Joint training environment, before deploy- ment in operations and it also provides a wider “network” building.

1 June 2011 CIMIC MESSENGER

The VIKING 11 Computer Assisted Exercise (CAX) gether, they further developed the already well has just been completed and more than 800 high proofed VIKING concept into a Persistent Partner ranking visitors (Swedish Royal family, Govern- Training and Simulation Network, by establishing mental authorities and military officials) consid- a permanent group of persons (inter alia from US ered this one to be one of the best exercises ever JFCOM, Folke Bernadotte Academy, Swedish in its context. There were about 2000 participants Armed Forces) that are daily working on the de- from 31 nations and around 47 organizations - velopment of the next iteration of the exercise which is unique - exercising at different sites (see VIKING. This will reduce and share costs, and re- picture below). duce time and resources in the future. The VIKING concept also went through a more comprehensive development. The sce- nario and context fo- cused even stronger on a “Comprehensive Ap- proach” scenario and conflict solution. Thus the Exercise increased cooperation with civil- ian governmental and other organisations. The Picture 2: VIKING 11 / Training sites of the exercise. event emphasized part- nership and sharing by exchanging for example The scope was to practice and exercise construc- participating personnel. tive co-operation and co-ordination between mili- This all led to a modified concept for the VIKING tary forces and civilian organisations, with UN in 11 exercise in the spring of 2011 with the aim: focus, and to mirror a UN mandated chapter VII, multi-national, multi-functional operation in a All military and civilian Partners share Lessons complex environment. Learned, Ideas and “Burden” in order to enhance and develop this important exercise. This required a joint military participation and ef- fort from NATO (including Partnerships) and EU A special focus of VIKING 11 therefore was to: forces as well as civilian organisations. Further enhance Civil- and Military Interac- The U.S. and continued their enhanced tion in a Comprehensive Approach, cooperation in building partner capacities through Contribute to Partners ability to participate a bilateral Memorandum of Understanding. To- in ongoing and future operations.

2 June 2011 CIMIC MESSENGER

Improve Interoperability and Networks in sponse Operation/Peace Support Operation in the Education and Training arena. for mili- the Republic of BOGALAND. tary Partners and Armed Forces, enhance expeditionary capabilities and Viking 11 has been a multifunctional exercise. meet the challenge of irregular opponents. The higher level consisted of a Joint Force Com- mand Headquarters (JFC HQ) with a deployed for- 2. Exercise setting: ward element as a mission tailored HQ, one UN scenario and training audience mission HQ with a SRSG and one European Union Battle Group (EUBG) Force Headquarters ((F)HQ The BOGALAND fictitious scenario, using the located in Sweden. Subordinates were Land-, Air, Scandinavian and Baltic terrain, is probably one Special Operations and Maritime Component. The of the most developed in the world. Civilian organisations had been training in their structure matching the different levels in a realis- A very comprehensive scenario library and data- tic way. base have been developed which is shared and The lower level consisted of a number of Regional available to partners. It contains databases of all Commanders Headquarters (RC-HQ), one Mari- kinds: handbooks, terrain studies, and a more time Task Force and a number of civilian organi- than a 500 events list. The workload put in this zations. The Situation Force (SITFOR) responded scenario through the years is extraordinary and to the training audience with major stakeholders served also as excellent opportunity to co-operate and local authorities that you will find and en- and exchange knowledge and experience with counter in a mission area. exercise partners. The scenario is based on a UN mandated Chapter This is the way how Viking 11 is different to other VII CRO/PSO, requiring a joint and multifunctional major exercises: military, police and civilian presence. The opera- The Training Audience is composed of mili- tions area had a UN presence, a Joint Forces tary, police and civilians Command Forward Element with subordinate Exercise Core Planning Team is military and forces under NATO command and an EU-led Bat- civilian tle Group. In addition, there had been an interna- Exercise Control staff is joint military-civilian tional police presence with law enforcement re- Joint military-civilian exercise development sponsibilities. - Training objectives, scenario and main The Joint Operation Area (JOA) is located in the exercise events and incidents Baltic Sea region and includes the central and the Basic method and technical standards and southern parts of Sweden and the Swedish island procedures – “The Persistent Partner Simu- of Gotland. The scenario is strictly fictitious. The lation Network” Mission is a UN mandated chapter VII Crisis Re- Principal exercise focus is civilian-military

3 June 2011 CIMIC MESSENGER

cooperation & coordination ditions, especially for civilian organizations and Deep/rich scenario enables diverse & de- partners unfolding the mandated UN peace proc- tailed civilian and police play ess. Scenario detail also supports exercising a The Observer- Mentor- Trainers could apply their wide range of peace- operations functions knowledge and experience on military and police (e.g. Disarmament Demobilization Reinte- structures, operational procedures and organiza- gration, Security Sector Reform, Rule of law, tional cultures to the benefit of the training audi- humanitarian, etc.) ence. Sites have civilian observer/trainers, a civil- ian exercise coordinator, a civilian site advi- CCOE Observer- Trainer- Mentors (OTM) were sor, and some have civilian mentors available for the training audience to facilitate their tasks and responsibilities in Terms of CIMIC and Civil Military Interaction. 3. CIMIC Centre of Excellence‟s (CCOE) in- volvement in the exercise The CCOE OTM could prove their proficiency by providing advice regarding the CMI and CIMIC ele- For VIKING 11, being THE multifunctional and ments of: UN crisis management, Humanitarian multinational Comprehensive Approach exercise, Assistance, Disarmament, Demobilisation and Re- Civil Military Interaction (CMI) and Civil- Military Co integration (DDR), and Security Sector Reform -operation (CIMIC) were definitively important top- (SSR). ics. Especially the opportunity to train CMI within the The CCOE supported the exercise with Subject civilian dimension in the context of a Chapter 7 Matter Experts (SMEs) as part of the exercise sup- UN Peace support operation was an innovative port platform in the following areas (see also pic- challenge for the CCOE OTM team. To observe ture on the next page): and coach within the functional area of the UN the operational level NATO HQ; Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary the maritime environment of an Maritime General (DSRSG); THE Humanitarian Coordinator Component Command; of a UN- Mission, was unique for the CCOE-Team. the civil dimension of a UN operations HQ, Besides looking into the kitchen of a UN SRSG including in a UN police operation and Se- also the J9 of the Joint Forces Headquarters, as curity Sector Reform. well as the G9 of the Land Component Command was observed and monitored. To witness a Hu- The overall objective for the Exercise Support manitarian Co-ordination meeting with experi- Platform was: enced field- workers and staff of Office of Co- To observe, train and mentor various actors ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) with the within a comprehensive approach signified to ex- military counterparts, to analyze and assess the ploiting opportunities and to create enabling con- communication and relationship, and to facilitate

4 June 2011 CIMIC MESSENGER

CCOE: Observe- Mentor- Train

Other

Response cells IO/GO - Higher Control Joint Forces Command UN HQ RO / Operational HQ NGO -Training Country EUFOR Audience BFOR HQ UNAMIB HQ Offices FORCE HQ Operational level

Land Air Maritime UN PDSRG Component Component Component DSRSG POLICE Political HUM&DEV -Training Audience Regional Combined Air Maritime Tactical level Command Operations Task Regional Regional HQs x 5 Centre Groups Offices x 5 Offices

Response cells - Lower Control

Subordinate Subordinate Subordinate Local Local Subordinate Units Units Units Offices Offices Units

Picture 3: CCOE / Positioning of CIMIC SME support during VIKING 11. with mentoring was a well appreciated experi- pertise to the Maritime Component Command ence for both the CCOE OTM and the training au- (located in Glücksburg, Germany) on request of dience. the CCOE. To be part of development of a SSR plan or devel- Also in other exercises the CCOE has managed to opment of a DDR strategy were requirements of play a coordinating role with regard to providing the military training audience that required the actual experience and expertise according to the expertise and knowledge on UN operating proce- exercise needs and contributing to the exercise dures and principles, which could be delivered by objectives. the CCOE OTM. During VIKING 11 the CCOE again could add to its contact list a lot of experienced and competent CCOE – a platform and broker for CMI subject organizations and partners to provide state of the matter expertise art exercise support, and making civil- military training events more professional. The Maritime Civil Affairs and Security Training This enables the CCOE to assume more and more Command (MCAST) - the US Navy agency for na- the role of a platform and broker for CIMIC/CMI val civil-military interaction – provided for the first subject matter expertise for all kinds of exercises, time actual maritime Civ-Mil experience and ex- seminars or other (training) events.

5 June 2011 CIMIC MESSENGER

4. Final remarks efforts to use commercial available features and means should never stop. When the training audi- Currently the Exercise Evaluation team is working ence can stay at home base and participate in on the final exercise report, expected in Septem- qualified events using efficient ways of training it ber 2011 to identify lessons to be learned from will save many factors involved. Future VIKING this great training event. exercises or related activities will hopefully con- Today factors as economy, environment, safety tinue to be a successful tool in order to prepare and operational commitments have full attention staffs, units, organisations and entities in the from the surrounding leadership. We have to do complex international tasks we see today and everything to make sure these challenges not tomorrow. break our efforts to train in an efficient multina- The CCOE OTM Team was able to contribute to tional way. Therefore today and for the future our the success of this VIKING 11 Exercise and is looking forward to support VIKING 14!

Any comments or suggestions to this information leaflet? Would you like to contribute an article? Please contact us!

Civil-Military Cooperation Centre of Excellence Tel.: +31 534 80 3400 Complex Twente - Building C1 Fax : +31 534 80 3444 Lonnekerveldweg 30 Central Registry CCOE: [email protected] 7524 PP Enschede Public Affairs Officer: [email protected] The Netherlands

The CCOE CIMIC MESSENGER is an electronic publication of the CIMIC Centre of Excellence. Its dedicated aim is to provide a forum or platform for stimulating and presenting innovative and comprehensive thinking on NATO CIMIC and Civil-Military Interaction (CMI) related issues such as mission experiences, concepts, doctrine or lessons learned. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the CCOE CIMIC MESSENGER are those of the authors and should not be con- strued as carrying the official sanction of NATO, of any national armed forces or those of CCOE. 6