Advances in Physics
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Philosophical Magazine Vol
Philosophical Magazine Vol. 92, Nos. 1–3, 1–21 January 2012, 353–361 Exploring models of associative memory via cavity quantum electrodynamics Sarang Gopalakrishnana, Benjamin L. Levb and Paul M. Goldbartc* aDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; bDepartments of Applied Physics and Physics and E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; cSchool of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA (Received 2 August 2011; final version received 24 October 2011) Photons in multimode optical cavities can be used to mediate tailored interactions between atoms confined in the cavities. For atoms possessing multiple internal (i.e., ‘‘spin’’) states, the spin–spin interactions mediated by the cavity are analogous in structure to the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya– Yosida (RKKY) interaction between localized spins in metals. Thus, in particular, it is possible to use atoms in cavities to realize models of frustrated and/or disordered spin systems, including models that can be mapped on to the Hopfield network model and related models of associative memory. We explain how this realization of models of associative memory comes about and discuss ways in which the properties of these models can be probed in a cavity-based setting. Keywords: disordered systems; magnetism; statistical physics; ultracold atoms; neural networks; spin glasses 1. Introductory remarks Since the development of laser cooling and trapping, a -
Machine Learning for Condensed Matter Physics
Review Article Machine Learning for Condensed Matter Physics Edwin A. Bedolla-Montiel1, Luis Carlos Padierna1 and Ram´on Casta~neda-Priego1 1 Divisi´onde Ciencias e Ingenier´ıas,Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, 37150 Le´on,Mexico E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Condensed Matter Physics (CMP) seeks to understand the microscopic interactions of matter at the quantum and atomistic levels, and describes how these interactions result in both mesoscopic and macroscopic properties. CMP overlaps with many other important branches of science, such as Chemistry, Materials Science, Statistical Physics, and High-Performance Computing. With the advancements in modern Machine Learning (ML) technology, a keen interest in applying these algorithms to further CMP research has created a compelling new area of research at the intersection of both fields. In this review, we aim to explore the main areas within CMP, which have successfully applied ML techniques to further research, such as the description and use of ML schemes for potential energy surfaces, the characterization of topological phases of matter in lattice systems, the prediction of phase transitions in off-lattice and atomistic simulations, the interpretation of ML theories with physics- inspired frameworks and the enhancement of simulation methods with ML algorithms. We also discuss in detial the main challenges and drawbacks of using ML methods on CMP problems, as well as some perspectives for future developments. Keywords: machine learning, condensed matter physics Submitted -
Ettore Majorana and the Birth of Autoionization
Ettore Majorana and the birth of autoionization E. Arimondo∗,† Charles W. Clark,‡ and W. C. Martin§ National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA (Dated: May 19, 2009) Abstract In some of the first applications of modern quantum mechanics to the spectroscopy of many-electron atoms, Ettore Majorana solved several outstanding problems by developing the theory of autoionization. Later literature makes only sporadic refer- ences to this accomplishment. After reviewing his work in its contemporary context, we describe subsequent developments in understanding the spectra treated by Ma- jorana, and extensions of his theory to other areas of physics. We find many puzzles concerning the way in which the modern theory of autoionization was developed. ∗ Permanent address: Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Universit`adi Pisa, Italy †Electronic address: [email protected] ‡Electronic address: [email protected] §Electronic address: [email protected] 1 Contents I.Introduction 2 II.TheState of Atomic Spectroscopy circa 1931 4 A.Observed Spectra 4 B.Theoriesof Unstable Electronic States 6 III.Symmetry Considerations for Doubly-Excited States 7 IV.Analyses of the Observed Double-Excitation Spectra 8 A.Double Excitation in Helium 8 B.TheIncomplete np2 3P Terms in Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury 9 V.Contemporary and Subsequent Work on Autoionization 12 A.Shenstone’s Contemporary Identification of Autoionization 12 B.Subsequent foundational work on autoionization 13 VI.Continuing Story of P − P0 Spectroscopy for Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury 14 VII.Continuing Story of Double Excitation in Helium 16 VIII.Autoionization as a pervasive effect in physics 18 Acknowledgments 19 References 19 Figures 22 I. -
Cosmological Test of the Yilmaz Theory of Gravity
Cosmological test of the Yilmaz theory of gravity Michael Ibison Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin 4030 West Braker Lane, Suite 300, Austin, TX 78759, USA Email: [email protected] Abstract. We test the Yilmaz theory of gravitation by working out the corresponding Friedmann- type equations generated by assuming the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological metrics. In the case that space is flat the theory is consistent only with either a completely empty universe, or with a negative energy vacuum that decays to produce a constant density of matter. In both cases the total energy remains zero at all times, and in the latter case the acceleration of the expansion is always negative. To obtain a more flexible and potentially more realistic cosmology the equation of state relating the pressure and energy density of the matter creation process must be different from the vacuum, as for example is the case in the steady-state models of Gold, Bondi, Hoyle and others. The theory does not support the Cosmological Principle for curved space K ≠ 0 cosmological metrics. PACS numbers: 04.20.-q 98.80.-k 98.80.Jk 1. Introduction Yilmaz has published two versions of his theory of gravitation. The earlier one introduces an auxiliary scalar field ϕ from which is computed the metric tensor [1], this being the version of the theory cited by Tupper in his short review of scalar-tensor theories [2]. Subsequently Yilmaz published a more comprehensive theory in which the auxiliary field is a tensor [3-8]. In the case of a mass singularity, both theories give an ‘exponential metric’ with line element ds22=−exp()2ϕdt −exp(2ϕ)dx2 (1) where ϕ = Gm / r . -
Researchers Publish Review Article on the Physics of Interacting Particles 29 December 2020
Researchers publish review article on the physics of interacting particles 29 December 2020 wide range of branches of physics—from biophysics to quantum mechanics. The article is a so-called review article and was written by physicists Michael te Vrugt and Prof. Raphael Wittkowski from the Institute of Theoretical Physics and the Center for Soft Nanoscience at the University of Münster, together with Prof. Hartmut Löwen from the Institute for Theoretical Physics II at the University of Düsseldorf. The aim of such review articles is to provide an introduction to a certain subject area and to summarize and evaluate the current state of research in this area for the benefit of other researchers. "In our case we deal with a theory used in very many areas—the so- called dynamical density functional theory (DDFT)," explains last author Raphael Wittkowski. "Since we deal with all aspects of the subject, the article turned out to be very long and wide-ranging." DDFT is a method for describing systems consisting of a large number of interacting particles such as are found in liquids, for example. Understanding these systems is important in numerous fields of research such as chemistry, solid state physics or biophysics. This in turn leads to a large variety of applications for DDFT, for example in materials science and biology. "DDFT and related methods have been developed and applied by a number of researchers in a variety of contexts," says lead author Michael te Vrugt. "We investigated which approaches there are and how Time axis showing the number of publications relating to they are connected—and for this purpose we dynamical density functional theory. -
The Discovery of Thermodynamics
Philosophical Magazine ISSN: 1478-6435 (Print) 1478-6443 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm20 The discovery of thermodynamics Peter Weinberger To cite this article: Peter Weinberger (2013) The discovery of thermodynamics, Philosophical Magazine, 93:20, 2576-2612, DOI: 10.1080/14786435.2013.784402 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2013.784402 Published online: 09 Apr 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 658 Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tphm20 Philosophical Magazine, 2013 Vol. 93, No. 20, 2576–2612, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2013.784402 COMMENTARY The discovery of thermodynamics Peter Weinberger∗ Center for Computational Nanoscience, Seilerstätte 10/21, A1010 Vienna, Austria (Received 21 December 2012; final version received 6 March 2013) Based on the idea that a scientific journal is also an “agora” (Greek: market place) for the exchange of ideas and scientific concepts, the history of thermodynamics between 1800 and 1910 as documented in the Philosophical Magazine Archives is uncovered. Famous scientists such as Joule, Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Clau- sius, Maxwell or Boltzmann shared this forum. Not always in the most friendly manner. It is interesting to find out, how difficult it was to describe in a scientific (mathematical) language a phenomenon like “heat”, to see, how long it took to arrive at one of the fundamental principles in physics: entropy. Scientific progress started from the simple rule of Boyle and Mariotte dating from the late eighteenth century and arrived in the twentieth century with the concept of probabilities. -
SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED - JOURNAL LIST Total Journals: 8631
SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED - JOURNAL LIST Total journals: 8631 1. 4OR-A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2. AAPG BULLETIN 3. AAPS JOURNAL 4. AAPS PHARMSCITECH 5. AATCC REVIEW 6. ABDOMINAL IMAGING 7. ABHANDLUNGEN AUS DEM MATHEMATISCHEN SEMINAR DER UNIVERSITAT HAMBURG 8. ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS 9. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 10. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 11. ACADEMIC MEDICINE 12. ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS 13. ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY 14. ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESEARCH-POLICIES AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 15. ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 16. ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 17. ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL 18. ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL 19. ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 20. ACM JOURNAL ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS 21. ACM SIGCOMM COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW 22. ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 23. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ALGORITHMS 24. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED PERCEPTION 25. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ARCHITECTURE AND CODE OPTIMIZATION 26. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUTONOMOUS AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS 27. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL LOGIC 28. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER SYSTEMS 29. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION 30. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DATABASE SYSTEMS 31. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTOMATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 32. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON EMBEDDED COMPUTING SYSTEMS 33. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS 34. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEM SECURITY 35. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS 36. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 37. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET TECHNOLOGY 38. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM DATA 39. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE 40. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION 41. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 42. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS 43. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON RECONFIGURABLE TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS 44. -
Philosophical Magazine Atomic-Resolution Spectroscopic
This article was downloaded by: [Cornell University Library] On: 30 April 2015, At: 08:23 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Philosophical Magazine Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm20 Atomic-resolution spectroscopic imaging of oxide interfaces L. Fitting Kourkoutis a , H.L. Xin b , T. Higuchi c , Y. Hotta c d , J.H. Lee e f , Y. Hikita c , D.G. Schlom e , H.Y. Hwang c g & D.A. Muller a h a School of Applied and Engineering Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca, USA b Department of Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca, USA c Department of Advanced Materials Science , University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Japan d Correlated Electron Research Group , RIKEN , Saitama, Japan e Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca, USA f Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, USA g Japan Science and Technology Agency , Kawaguchi, Japan h Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Ithaca, USA Published online: 20 Oct 2010. To cite this article: L. Fitting Kourkoutis , H.L. Xin , T. Higuchi , Y. Hotta , J.H. Lee , Y. Hikita , D.G. Schlom , H.Y. Hwang & D.A. Muller (2010) Atomic-resolution spectroscopic imaging of oxide interfaces, Philosophical Magazine, 90:35-36, 4731-4749, DOI: 10.1080/14786435.2010.518983 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2010.518983 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. -
Impact Factor Journals in Physics
Impact Factor Journals in Physics Indexed in ISI Web of Science (JCR SCI, 2019) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Compiled By: Arslan Sheikh In Charge Reference & Research Section Junaid Zaidi Library COMSATS University Islamabad Park Road, Islamabad-Pakistan. Cell: 92+321-9423071 [email protected] 2019 Impact Rank Journal Title Factor 1 REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS 45.037 2 NATURE MATERIALS 38.663 3 Living Reviews in Relativity 35.429 4 Nature Photonics 31.241 5 ADVANCED MATERIALS 27.398 6 MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS 26.625 7 PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS 25.798 8 Advanced Energy Materials 25.245 9 Nature Physics 19.256 10 Applied Physics Reviews 17.054 11 REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS 17.032 12 ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 16.836 13 Nano Energy 16.602 14 ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 16.375 15 Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 16.306 16 Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 14.833 17 PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS 13.421 18 Physical Review X 12.577 19 Nano-Micro Letters 12.264 20 Small 11.459 21 NANO LETTERS 11.238 22 Laser & Photonics Reviews 10.655 23 Materials Today Physics 10.443 24 SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS 9.688 25 CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 9.571 26 npj 2D Materials and Applications 9.324 27 PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 8.892 28 Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 8.778 29 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 8.385 1 | P a g e Junaid Zaidi Library, COMSATS -
Style and Notation Guide
Physical Review Style and Notation Guide Instructions for correct notation and style in preparation of REVTEX compuscripts and conventional manuscripts Published by The American Physical Society First Edition July 1983 Revised February 1993 Compiled and edited by Minor Revision June 2005 Anne Waldron, Peggy Judd, and Valerie Miller Minor Revision June 2011 Copyright 1993, by The American Physical Society Permission is granted to quote from this journal with the customary acknowledgment of the source. To reprint a figure, table or other excerpt requires, in addition, the consent of one of the original authors and notification of APS. No copying fee is required when copies of articles are made for educational or research purposes by individuals or libraries (including those at government and industrial institutions). Republication or reproduction for sale of articles or abstracts in this journal is permitted only under license from APS; in addition, APS may require that permission also be obtained from one of the authors. Address inquiries to the APS Administrative Editor (Editorial Office, 1 Research Rd., Box 1000, Ridge, NY 11961). Physical Review Style and Notation Guide Anne Waldron, Peggy Judd, and Valerie Miller (Received: ) Contents I. INTRODUCTION 2 II. STYLE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PARTS OF A MANUSCRIPT 2 A. Title ..................................................... 2 B. Author(s) name(s) . 2 C. Author(s) affiliation(s) . 2 D. Receipt date . 2 E. Abstract . 2 F. Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) indexing codes . 2 G. Main body of the paper|sequential organization . 2 1. Types of headings and section-head numbers . 3 2. Reference, figure, and table numbering . 3 3. -
1 Humphry Davy to John Davy, 15 October [1811] Davy, Collected Letters, Vol
1 Humphry Davy: Analogy, Priority, and the “true philosopher” Sharon Ruston Lancaster University, England https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-7382 This essay explores how Davy fashioned himself as, what he called in his poetry, a “true philosopher.” He defined the “true philosopher” as someone who eschewed monetary gain for his scientific work, preferring instead to give knowledge freely for the public good, and as someone working at a higher level than the mere experimentalist. Specifically, Davy presented himself as using the method of analogy to reach his discoveries and emphasised that he understood the “principle” behind his findings. He portrayed himself as one who perceived analogies because he had a wider perspective on the world than many others in his society. The poem in which he describes the “true philosopher” offers us Davy’s private view of this character; the essay then demonstrates how Davy attempted to depict his own character in this way during critical moments in his career. Introduction During the safety lamp controversy of 1815–1817, Humphry Davy deliberately presented himself as a natural philosopher. For Davy this meant someone with a wider purview than others, who is alive to the metaphorical, literary, and philosophical ramifications of his scientific discoveries. He represented himself as working at a highly theoretical level in the laboratory, rather than practically in the mine, making a clear distinction between himself and George Stephenson in this regard. Davy suggested that he was working for loftier ideals and was opposed to monetary gain or profit by patent. He declared that his discoveries were the product of analogical thinking and a consequence of his understanding of scientific principle. -
References Part I
References Part I R.M.F. Houtappel, H. Van Dam and E.P. Wigner, Rev. Mod. Phys. 37, 595 (1965) D.H. Sattinger, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: mathematical methods, applica- tions and problems in the physical sciences, in Applications of Non-Linear Analysis, H. Amann et al. eds., Pitman 1981 G. B. Whitham, Linear and Non-Linear Waves, J. Wiley, New York 1974 R. Rajaraman, Phys. Rep. 21 C, 227 (1975) S. Coleman, Aspects of Symmetry, Cambridge Univ. Press 1985 M. Reed, Abstract non-linear wave equation, Springer, Heidelberg 1976 C. Parenti, F. Strocchi and G. Velo, Phys. Lett. 59B, 157 (1975) C. Parenti, F. Strocchi and G. Velo, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. (Pisa), III, 443 (1976) F. Strocchi, Lectures at the Workshop on Recent Advances in the Theory of Evo- lution Equations, ICTP Trieste 1979, published in Topics in Functional Analysis 1980-81, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 1982 F. Strocchi, Stability properties of the solutions of non-linear field equations. Hilbert space sectors and electric charge, in Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations in Applied Sciences, Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Pol. Torino, Fasc. spec. 1988 W. Strauss, Nonlinear Wave Equations, Am. Math. Soc. 1989 C. Parenti, F. Strocchi and G. Velo, Comm. Math. Phys. 53, 65 (1977) C. Parenti, F. Strocchi and G. Velo, Phys. Lett. 62B, 83 (1976) E. Noether, Nachr. d. Kgl. Ges. d. Wiss. G¨ottingen (1918), p. 235 H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 2nd. ed., Addison-Wesley 1980 E. L. Hill, Rev. Mod. Phys. 23, 253 (1951) K. J¨orgens, Mat. Zeit. 77, 291 (1961) I. Segal, Ann. Math. 78, 339 (1963) V.