Economic & Fiscal Impacts of Walmart1 on Washington, DC

Walmart at 5939 Georgia Ave. NW Walmart at 99 H St. NW

1 – Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. January 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Executive Summary 5 Background 10 Key Findings 14

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 1 INTRODUCTION

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 2 About HR&A

.HR&A Advisors, Inc. (HR&A) is an industry leading real estate, economic development, and public policy consulting firm based in New York City, with offices in Washington, DC, and Los Angeles.

.The firm has worked with numerous public agencies, non-profit civic organizations, and private sector corporations across the country to assess the economic and fiscal benefits of business operations, real estate developments, tourism, infrastructure projects, and public policies.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 3 Walmart engaged HR&A to analyze economic and fiscal impacts of its open and planned stores in the District of Columbia. .HR&A investigated a series of hypotheses at the scale of the District and neighborhood levels. .The impacts HR&A studied included: – Walmart’s role in providing retail offerings to a generally underserved market; – Jobs created through construction and operations in open and planned stores; – The benefit of bringing fresh and affordable food to neighborhoods lacking options; – The anchoring impact of bringing a large retail amenity to neighborhoods; and – The impact of Walmart and the Walmart Foundation’s charitable contributions.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 5 Executive Summary

• The District of Columbia has long lacked sufficient retail options for its diverse and growing base of residents. For years, District residents have had to travel to surrounding jurisdictions to shop for basic goods, costing the District lost sales taxes and undercutting the City’s efforts to support more vibrant, mixed-use neighborhoods. Unmet retail potential in Washington, DC is estimated at over $3 billion per year.

• Walmart’s arrival in the District in December 2013 is stemming that negative trend, while delivering an array of other benefits to the District and its residents. One year after the first two Walmart stores opened in the District, a study commissioned by Walmart and conducted by HR&A Advisors defines these benefits.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 6 Executive Summary

• Walmart can save a DC family of four approximately $1,300 per year – 18% of the average DC household’s annual grocery store bill – on food and other typical grocery store items.1 In addition, each District Walmart will bring fresh food at affordable prices to areas identified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as “food deserts.” Every District Walmart store is or will be in locations where healthy food shopping options make up less than 10% of the current neighborhood retail offerings.

• Walmart will generate more than $6 million in taxes to the District this year based on the operations of its 2 open stores. These net new revenues can help the District meet a wide array of needs. By way of example $6 million in District revenue could support the annual costs of: • Salaries for nearly 120 teachers or police officers; • Refurbishments of 6 playgrounds; or • Debt service on bonds for the construction of 6 new or significantly modernized community centers.2

1 - Based on HR&A analysis of industry benchmark market comparison data published in 2013. 2 - Assumes a level-debt service payment over a 20 year period with a 5% interest rate.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 7 Executive Summary

• Construction of the first two stores and the Fort Totten store, which is currently under construction, supports 630 direct and multiplier jobs. In addition to direct construction industry employment, ancillary jobs are supported in the architecture, engineering, food service, and health care industries.

• Walmart’s two stores employ more than 700 people, of which 65% are District residents. Walmart is responsible for half the growth in retail jobs in the District in 2013. Walmart stores in the District hire more people per foot of store space than other grocery or convenience stores on average. A higher percentage of Walmart employees live in the same ward as the store than is typical for all employment in the 2 wards with open stores.

• 810 total jobs (direct employment by Walmart plus multiplier jobs) are supported by Walmart’s first two stores. In addition to direct retail industry employment, ancillary jobs are supported in the real estate, food service, and health care industries.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 8 Executive Summary

• Walmart is catalyzing additional community investment in parts of the District that need it. More than 26,000 SF square feet of additional new development – including restaurants, banks, and retailers – and more than 300 new residential units are directly attributable to the open Walmart stores.

• Walmart and the Walmart Foundation’s support for District community-based social service organizations has also generated significant economic and fiscal benefits for the city. HR&A estimates that Walmart and the Walmart Foundation’s $14 million philanthropic investment in the District between FYE 2010 and FYE 2014 has generated 160 jobs and $16.5 million in total compensation at more than 200 organizations.* These organizations generate additional benefits to the District through their activities.

• For example, the Walmart Foundation’s $3 million investment in the Washington@Work customer service training program was created to help District residents get the skills and training they need to gain employment. The Community Foundation for the National Capital Region has reported that Washington@Work has resulted in 618 job placements and 30 promotions since 2011.

*Note: Walmart's fiscal year starts Feb. 1 and ends Jan. 31.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 9 BACKGROUND

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 10 Walmart opened two stores in the District of Columbia in December 2013 and plans to open three additional stores.

Georgia Ave NW OPENED: December 2013 105,000 Sq. Ft.

Fort Totten Under Construction 118,000 Sq. Ft.

H St NW OPENED: December 2013 85,000 Sq. Ft.

Capitol Gateway Planned 130,000 Sq. Ft.

Skyland Planned 125,000 Sq. Ft.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 1111 These stores will be highly accessible to over half the District's population.

62% of

Georgia the City Ave Fort Totten Trade areas cover 42 of the District’s 68 total square miles. H St Capitol Gateway

Skyland 57% of the Residents 370,000 of the 647,000 DC residents live in these trade areas. Source: KLNB Retail; US Census; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 1212 Walmart store locations are or will be easily accessible by public transportation, facilitating access by residents and workers.

Average Average Walmart Location Buses / Hour Trains/Hour Urban Locations Georgia Georgia Ave, DC 22 0 Ave Fort HSt, DC 61 0 Totten Fort Totten, DC 46 14 Capitol Gateway, DC 6 10 Skyland, DC 31 0 H St Suburban Locations Capitol Landover, MD 8 0 Gateway Alexandria, VA 7 0

Skyland Compared to nearby suburban locations, all the Walmart locations in DC are more accessible by transit. Having reliable access to employment helps workers obtain

Source: WMATA; HR&A and keep jobs.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 1313 KEY FINDINGS

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 14 Finding #1: Walmart is providing much needed new retail in Washington, DC.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 15 The District loses out on approximately $3 billion in spending each year due to a lack of shopping opportunities.

Lost $6 B $3 B Spending

$3 B

Potential Spending Current Spending

Note: A 2008 study by Social Compact estimated that the District misses out on $1 billion per year on retail spending. Publically available information on this study does not describe the methodology employed by this study. A similar recent study has shown a retail gap estimate of $2.8 billion for the District (DC Development Report, Washington, DC Economic Partnership, 2014).

Source: ESRI, 2013; ICSC; U.S. Census Bureau LEHD; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 16 Like many, but not all, other cities, the District is experiencing a shortage of retail options.

$30 $12.6 B

Billions $25

$20

$2.2 B $15 $4.6 B Surplus $7.3 B $2.2 B $10

$0 Washington, DC Charlotte, NC Chicago, IL San Francisco, Seattle, WA CA Potential Spending Current Spending

Source: ESRI, 2013; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 17 On a per resident and worker basis, the District is more under-retailed than other cities.

Retail Gap, per Individual $8,000

$6,000

$4,000

$2,000

$(2,000)

$(4,000) Washington, Charlotte, NC Chicago, IL San Francisco, Seattle, WA DC CA Source: ESRI, 2013; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 18 Retail growth in DC has primarily been in specialized sectors, with a decline in supermarkets and department stores.

Percentage Change in the Number of Stores, 2006-2012 Office Supplies and Stationery Sporting Goods Cosmetics and Beauty Pet and Pet Supplies Convenience Beer, Wine, and Liquor Department Home Centers Supermarkets Clothing Specialty Food Hardware Nursery and Garden Florists Discount Department Sewing and Needlework -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60%

Source: US Census County Business Patterns; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 19 The shortfall in potential spending in the District is seen across all major Walmart supply categories.

Current Spending vs. Potential Spending $2,500

$2,000

$1,500

Millions $1,000

$500

$- Grocery Health & General Clothing Electronics & Personal Care Merchandise Appliances

Current Spending Potential Spending Source: ESRI, 2013; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 20 Walmart’s market entry aligns with the priorities of several key District wide retail initiatives.

2010 – Retail Action Roadmap

• Filling in the gaps in neighborhood markets; • Creating new business concentrations; • Cultivating and strengthening locally owned small businesses.

2012 – Retail Action Roadmap

• Providing a greater selection of products and services; • Supporting thriving retail streets in the District.

2012 – Retail Action Strategy

• Strengthening the city’s retail base at both the citywide and local scale; • Promoting vibrant commercial districts with a broad range of retail businesses; • Creating expanded opportunities for small and local retailers.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 2121 Finding #2: Walmart is providing needed affordable shopping to the District.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 22 Between 2011 and 2013, DC housing costs grew steadily, while disposable income flattened, driving the need for affordable retail.

Household Income vs Housing Cost

Disposable Income

Housing Cost1

2010 2011 2012 2013

1 - Indexed housing prices are uses as a proxy for housing cost. Source: Housing Prices - HFHA House Price Index; Disposable Income - Bureau of Economic Analysis, Disposable Income Summary, DC; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 23 Retail growth has been concentrated in higher end stores.

CITY CENTER GEORGETOWN

14th STREET PENN QUARTER Images: BadWolfDC; DC UrbanTurf; Washington CityPaper; ThreadConscious.com

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 24 Items for sale at Walmart are more affordable than in most grocery stores in the District. . In a comparison of a basket of off-brand items, Walmart offered the lowest price when compared to the largest competitors in the DC market. Off Brand Basket Price

$54 $75 $83 $88 $93 $94 $95

Difference from Walmart

- 28% 0% +11% +17% +24% +25% +27%

Source: Estimates are based on 2014 HR&A analysis of October 2013 industry benchmark data from Checkbook.org, Super Market Comparison as reported in "Guess Which DC Grocery Store is Cheapest and Which is Most Expensive", Anthony Sodd, October 2013, Streetwise Media. http://dcinno.streetwise.co/2013/10/24/guess-which-dc-grocery-store-is-cheapest-andwhich-is-most-expensive/; HR&A.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 2525 Walmart can save a DC family of four approximately $1,300 per year, based on industry benchmarks.

Average annual cost of food for a = household in the District $7,300

Average discount below other DC = chain grocery stores 18%

Average annual savings for a DC = household $1,300

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 26 Finding # 3: The economic and fiscal benefits from Walmart in the District begin with store construction.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 27 The construction of 3 Walmart stores will support 630 jobs over the construction period. 630 Jobs

480 150 Direct Multiplier Jobs Jobs

Source: Walmart; IMPLAN; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 28 Finding # 4: The opening of 2 stores in December 2013 has produced immediate benefits to the District.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 29 The two open Walmart stores currently support 810 jobs in the District from direct and multiplier impacts. 810 Jobs

740 70 Direct Multiplier Jobs Jobs

Source: Walmart; IMPLAN; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 30 The two open stores will generate approximately $6.4 million in annual tax revenues to the District. $6.4 Million Annual Tax Revenues

Corporate Sales Property Personal Business Tax Tax Income Tax Tax

Source: Walmart; IMPLAN; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 31 $6.4 Million in taxes can fund a range of ongoing District costs and initiatives. For example:

Salaries for nearly 120 Police officers

Salaries for nearly 120 teachers

6 playground renovations

Debt service on bonds for the construction of 6 new or significantly modernized community centers*

Note: *Assumes a level-debt service payment over a 20 year period with a 5% interest rate. Source: Walmart; IMPLAN; DC Office of Tax and Revenue; Alex Waza (Icon); DCPS; MPDC; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 3232 Finding # 5: Walmart’s two stores are employing DC residents.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 33 Walmart is bringing jobs to the District.

. Over 700 people are employed at open locations

. The majority are full-time employees

. Over 65% of current associates are DC residents

Source: Walmart; Image: Massa Montalto Architects

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 3434 Walmart is supporting local hiring by employing a higher percentage of ward residents compared to the average in all wards.

Percentage of Workers Living and Working in the Same Ward 25% % Walmart Employees 19% 20% % Ward Workers that Live in Ward 15% 14% 11% 10% 10% 10% 9% 8% 6% 5% 5% 5%

0% Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward 4 6 1 2 3 5 7 8 Workers 14,930 123,952 23,312 369,258 37,102 48,386 5,461 11,953 in Ward

Ward 4: Ward 6: Ward 1: Ward 2: Ward 3: Ward 5: Ward 7: Ward 8: Brightwood Capitol Hill Adams Morgan Downtown Cleveland Park Bloomingdale Benning Anacostia Crestwood Capitol Riverfront Columbia Heights Dupont Circle Friendship Heights Brookland Capitol View Congress Heights Fort Totten NoMa Howard University Georgetown Tenleytown Eckington Hillcrest Douglass Petworth Southwest Waterfront LeDroit Park West End Woodley Park Trinidad Skyland Washington Highlands

Source: Walmart; U.S. Census Bureau LEHD, 2011; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 35 Walmart accounted for over half of the growth in retail trade jobs in the District of Columbia due to its two store openings in 2013.

5.3% Percentage Change in Employment, Retail Trade, 2013 3.4% Walmart 2.2% Employment 1.1%

-3.8%

Total 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Retail Jobs 17,800 18,400 18,600 19,000 19,300

Source: BLS; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 36 Jobs at the open stores contributed to the retail trade sector outpacing total job growth by almost 4x in 2013. Employment Changes 5.3%

3.4% 2.0% 2.2% 1.5% 1.1% 1.2% 1.4%

-0.3%

-3.8%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total Retail Trade Source: BLS; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 37 Each Walmart in the District supports more employment than an average grocery or food store. Employees per 1,000 Square Feet 3.6

2.0

1.1

Walmart DC Store Average Grocery Store Convenience Store (Grocery, food mart, & convenience store) Notes: • Buildings used for retail or wholesale of food: grocery store or food market, gas station with a convenience store, convenience store. • The average grocery store is 33,000 SF • Data include all jobs, full time or part time, not full time equivalents. Source: Walmart, Progressive Grocer, U.S. DOE Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 38 Finding #6: Walmart and the Walmart Foundation are providing significant support to DC charities.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 39 Between FYE 2010 and FYE 2014, Walmart and the Walmart Foundation have awarded over $14 million to not-for-profit organizations in DC. Community Environment & Development Sustainability $0.4 M $0.2 M Education $0.9 M

Workforce Other $2.3 M Development $6.6 M

Health & Wellness $3.7 M

Source: Walmart; Walmart Foundation; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 4040 HR&A estimates these contributions have created and supported jobs at recipients, affiliated not-for-profits, and local businesses. 185 $16.5 M Jobs Employee Compensation 140 45 $13.0 M $3.5 M + + Direct Multiplier Direct Multiplier $197,000 Tax Revenue1 $93,000 $104,000 + Direct Multiplier

Source: Walmart; IMPLAN; HR&A 1 – Sales + income tax. Income tax from employees and sales tax from multiplier activities.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 41 The $3 million Walmart Washington@Work Work Readiness Initiative supported a range of individuals in the District.

As reported by the Community Foundation for the National Capital Region, based on the $1.5 million grant they received:

739 1,047 Individuals 618 Program Graduates Improved their Job Placements Basic Skills

370 464 Enrolled in Post- Earned a Secondary 30 Credential Education or Earned a Promotion Training

Note: Education and employment results as reported by The Community Foundation for the National Capital Region. The Community Foundation received $1.5 million from the Walmart Foundation. The University of the District of Columbia (UDC) also received $1.5 million. The numbers reported above do not include data from UDC's grant award. Source: The Community Foundation for the National Capital Region

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 42 As a result of the Washington@Work partnership, the Community Foundation's five subgrantees successfully raised $13.7 million from additional sources.

Walmart Washington@Work Additional Grants

Source: The Community Foundation for the National Capital Region

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 4343 Finding #7: Walmart is increasing access to fresh and healthy foods.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 44 Each Walmart is located in a USDA identified food desert, meaning the areas have limited access to grocery stores.

Residents live more than ½ mile from a grocery store

Residents live more than 1 mile from a grocery store

Food Desert: A census tract with a substantial share of residents who live in low-income areas with low levels of access to a grocery store or healthy, affordable food retail outlets.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS); Food Environment Atlas; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 4545 In fact, Walmart stores are in locations where healthy food shopping options make up less than 10% of the local retail offerings.

Modified Retail Food Environment Index No healthy food 0.1% - 5% 5.1% - 10% 10.1% – 37.5%

Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI): The CDC’s Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, measure of the number of healthy and less healthy food retailers in an area.

Source: United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 4646 Access to healthy food is a pressing problem, but 4 out of 5 Walmart stores are located in wards with obesity rates over 60%.

Percentage of Overweight or Obese Residents per Ward

Ward 4: 66%

Ward 3: 44% Ward 1: Ward 5: 62% 69% Ward 2: 52% Ward 6: 43% Ward 7: 86%

Ward 8: 76%

Source: DC Department of Health; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 4747 Walmart provides a range of grocery items and sales in this category are 41% of the total.

Grocery Non-grocery Sales Sales 41% 59%

Source: Walmart; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 48 Finding #8: Walmart enhances economic development in neighborhoods.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 49 Walmart stores in the District are serving as development anchors and bring a range of development types. Georgia Ave NW

Freestanding along Georgia Ave NW a retail corridor.

Fort Totten

Integrated within a H St NW & mixed-use building. Fort Totten

Capitol Gateway

Anchoring a large Skyland & scale development. Capitol Gateway

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 5050 Benefits are derived from the construction of Walmart stores, but also as anchors to larger developments.

. Walmart stores at H St. and Fort Totten provide a retail amenity to over 650 residential units.

. At Capitol Gateway Marketplace, Walmart is anchoring 26,000 square feet of retail and 312 residential units.

. The Walmart at Skyland Town Center will anchor over 200,000 square feet of retail and 476 residential units.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 51 There is a precedent of big box retail development in the District revitalizing neighborhoods.

Columbia Heights is located in Northwest DC and is considered today to be one of the District’s most diverse and economically strong neighborhoods. Facing economic challenges between the 1970’s and 1990’s, the area was designated an Enterprise Zone in 1997 and Columbia Heights received a range of tax-incentives and District financing to encourage private development. Redevelopment was focused around the Columbia Heights Metro stop, which opened in 1999 and served to anchor future residential, retail, and commercial development.

In early 2008, DCUSA opened the largest retail development in DC at the time, with 890,000 SF of retail adjacent to the Columbia Heights Metro. The retail building is anchored by a two- story Target, along with other retailers such as Bed Bath & Beyond, a Best Buy, and a Washington Sports Club. Since opening, the DCUSA site has served to anchor the development of 1,300 multifamily units with ground floor retail, and a 55,000 SF Giant supermarket open 24 hours a day.

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 5252 The successful redevelopment of Columbia Heights serves as a benchmark for the anchoring effects of affordable big-box retail.

Retail Stores per 1,000 Residents 10 9 8 Georgia Fort Ave 7 Totten 6 5 4 Columbia 3 2 Heights Number of Stores 1 0 ColumbiaColumbia H St. Georgia Ft. Totten Skyland Captiol Capitol HeightsHeights Ave Gateway Gateway H St . Residents around Columbia Heights Skyland have up to 10x more retail stores than residents in other areas of the District.

. Compared to established retail areas, Walmart is entering into under- retailed neighborhoods. Source: CoStar; site surveys; Walmart; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 5353 A diversity of business types co-locate around Walmart stores.

. Walmart’s arrival brings foot traffic, and signals to other retailers the potential strength of a location.

Art Supplies Beauty Supplies/Salon Books & Comics Childcare Services Clothing Related Florists Food & Beverage Home Furnishings Mail/Shipping Pet Professional Services Stationary Specialty Grocers Vitamin and Nutrition

Source: Walmart; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 5454 The new Walmarts are catalyzing new retail investment in the surrounding neighborhoods.

Georgia Ave Walmart 99 H St. Walmart New retail establishments have opened in 4 out of 5 store spaces in the 10,000 SF the commercial area adjacent to and of ancillary retail are occupied by a around Walmart, including a bank, range of businesses serving local restaurants, a gym and a salon. residents and workers.

The Fitness Decadence B Forever CH Brite Factory Restaurant Flawless Salon Cleaners

Source: Walmart; JBG; HR&A

HR&A Advisors, Inc. Economic Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC 5555 Economic & Fiscal Impacts of Walmart on Washington, DC

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