COMMUNITY POLICING MANUAL

SPECIAL OPERATIONS DIVISION

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COMMUNITY POLICING MANUAL

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NINE PRINCIPLES OF POLICING Sir Robert Peel, 1829

1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.

2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon the public approval of police actions.

3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observation of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.

4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.

5. Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.

6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion advice and warning is found to be insufficient.

7. Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police, the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent upon every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.

8. Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.

9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.

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POLICING CONCEPTS IN SUMMARY

Problem- Intelligence- Broken Community Hot Spot Reassurance Oriented Led Windows Policing Policing Policing Policing Policing Policing

Improving Engaging the Reducing Reducing Reducing crime Reducing response to community in crime through crime through and calls for ‘signal crimes’ public-safety the policing intelligence disorder service at high- that create problems process. gathering, control & call locations. public fear. falling within analysis, and attention to police sharing. minor mandate. offences.

PROBLEMS PARTNERS INTEL/ANALYSIS QUALITY OF LIFE CRIME REDUCTION FEAR OF CRIME

PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING

Problem-oriented policing places a high-value on analysis of problems to discover new and more effective strategies for dealing with problems. Responses are typically preventive in nature, not dependent on the use of criminal justice system, and engage other public agencies, the community and the private sector when their involvement has the potential for significantly contributing to the reduction of the problem.

WHAT IS A PROBLEM?

In the context of Problem-Oriented Policing, a problem is:

1) A recurring pattern of incidents 2) for which the police are generally responsible for addressing, 3) that are causing harm to the community, and 4) routine policing is unlikely to effectively control or prevent.

COMMUNITY POLICING

Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public-safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime.

Creating partnerships with the community, to serve the needs of, and enhance quality of life for the community.

By combining efforts and resources between police, local government, businesses and residents, community-based policing has a positive impact by reducing actual crime, the fear of crime and enhancing quality of life.

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HOW DO WE APPROACH ISSUES?

Problem-Solving  What are the contributing factors to the issue?  What can we change?  How can we enact change?

Partnership  Who can we team up with to address the issue?

Prevention  What can we do to avoid an issue?  What can we do to stop an issue recurring?

WHO DO WE PARTNER WITH?

• City Action Team/Good Neighbor Meeting (Mayor’s Office) • Adult Parole & Probation • Wasatch Mental Health • Provo Housing Authority • Children & Family Services • Adult Protective Services • Neighborhood Chairs • Businesses • Local Police Agencies • Food & Care Coalition • Community Action • School District • Neighborhood Mobile Watch Groups • Volunteer Groups • Local Religious Groups • Property Management/Landlords • Individual residents • City Council • County Work Diversion Program • United Way • Habitat for Humanity • City Ombudsman • 311 Customer Service • Engineering/Streets/Sanitation

WHOSE JOB IS IT TO FIX THE PROBLEM?

Often-times, we are restricted by our own self-made parameters, or role definition within our jobs or community.

Rather than opting for ‘who should do it?’ we can develop the mindset of ‘can I do it?’

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INTELIGENCE-LED POLICING

Intelligence-Led Policing is a business model and managerial philosophy where data analysis and crime intelligence are pivotal to an objective, decision-making framework that facilitates crime and problem reduction, disruption and prevention through strategic management and effective enforcement strategies that target prolific and serious offenders.

BROKEN WINDOWS POLICING

Broken Windows is an academic theory proposed by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling in 1982, as a metaphor for disorder within neighborhoods.

Consider a building with a few broken windows. If the windows are not repaired, the tendency is for vandals to break a few more windows. Eventually, they may even break into the building, and if it's unoccupied, perhaps become squatters or light fires inside. Or consider a pavement. Some litter accumulates. Soon, more litter accumulates. Eventually, people even start leaving bags of refuse from take-out restaurants there or even break into cars. - Wilson & Kelling

Police response has an emphasis on disorderly behavior and minor offenses which, when left unattended, is a sign that nobody cares. This leads to fear of crime, more serious crime, and, ultimately, urban decay.

When citizens are convinced an area is unsafe, withdrawal from the community weakens social controls that previously kept criminals in check. Once this process begins, it feeds itself: Disorder causes crime, and crime causes further disorder and crime.

HOT SPOT POLICING

Hot spot policing directs police action - including (but not limited to) intensive police patrols - to those small geographic areas that historically have given rise to a high volume of calls for police service and crime incidents.

REASSURANCE POLICING

Reassurance policing focuses on reducing the causes of public insecurity, namely by addressing so-called signal crimes, which are mainly low-level nuisance and disorder offenses. It explicitly incorporates problem-solving methods and has obvious parallels to broken windows policing and community policing.

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PROBLEM SOLVING MODELS

SARA MODEL: Scan, Analyze, Respond, Asses

CRIME TRIANGLE: To have a crime, a motivated offender must come to the same place as an attractive target. Removing one side of the triangle greatly reduces the chance of a problem recurring. Removing or controlling two sides of the triangle will usually eliminate the problem.

PROBLEM

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CRIME TRIANGLE WITH PREVENTION CONTROLLERS: For Situational Crime Prevention, we can add controllers to the Crime Triangle. The presence or intervention of controllers can prevent or greatly reduce the chance of crime.

HANDLER MANAGER

• Family • Owners • Peers • Agents • Friends • Employees • Partners • Attendants • Teachers/coaches • Physical Barriers • Sponsors • AP&P Agents

PROBLEM Target/Victim

Guardian

FORMAL GUARDIAN INFORMAL GUARDIAN • Police Officers • Neighbors/Community • Security Guards • Friends • Watch-persons • Parents • Teachers

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TWENTY FIVE TECHNIQUES OF SITUATUONAL PREVENTION: Situational Crime Prevention aims to reduce opportunities for crime by changing the way the immediate environment or target of the crime is managed or designed so that the risk or the effort required to commit the offense is increased, the rewards are reduced, or the triggers are removed from the environment.

TWENTY FIVE TECHNIQUES OF SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION

Increase Increase Reduce Reduce Remove Excuses the Effort the Risks the Rewards Provocations

Harden Targets Extend Conceal Targets Reduce Frustrations Set Rules • Steering column Guardianship • Off-street parking & Stress • Rental locks & immobilizers • Routine • Gender-neutral • Efficient queues & agreements • Anti-robbery precautions: go out phone directories polite service • Harassment codes screens in groups at night, • Unmarked bullion • Expanded seating • Hotel registration • Tamper-proof carry phone, show trucks • Soothing music/muted packaging signs of occupancy lights • ‘Cocoon’ NH watch Control Access to Assist Natural Remove Targets Avoid Disputes Post Instructions Facilities Surveillance • Removable car • Separate enclosures • ‘No Parking’ • Entry phones • Improved street radio for rival fans • ‘Private Property’ • Electronic card lighting • Women’s refuges • Reduce crowding in • ‘Extinguish Camp access • Defensible space • Pre-paid cards for pubs Fires’ • Baggage screening design pay phones • Fixed cab fares • Support whistle- blowers Screen Exits Reduce Identify Property Reduce Emotional Alert Conscience • Ticket needed for Anonymity • Property marking Arousal • Roadside speed exit • Taxi driver IDs • Vehicle licensing & • Controls on violent display boards • Export documents • ‘How’s my parts marking pornography • Signatures for • Electronic Driving?’ decals • Cattle branding • Enforce good behavior customs merchandise tags • School uniforms on sports field declarations • Prohibit racial slurs • ‘Shoplifting is Stealing’ sign Deflect Offenders Utilize Place Disrupt Markets Neutralize Peer Assist • Street closures Managers • Monitor pawn Pressure Compliance • Separate bathrooms • CCTV on buses shops • ‘Don’t Drink & Drive’ • Easy library for women • Two clerks at stores • Controls on • ‘It’s OK to Say No’ checkout • Disperse pubs • Reward vigilance classified ads • Disperse bullies in • Public restrooms • License street schools • Trash cans vendors

Control Strengthen Deny Benefits Discourage Control Drugs & Tools/Weapons Formal • Ink merchandise Imitation Alcohol • ‘Smart’ guns Surveillance tags • Rapid repair of • Breathalyzers in • Graffiti cleaning • Disabling stolen cell • Red light cameras vandalism pubs • Speed bumps phones • Burglar Alarms • V-Chips in TVs • Server intervention • Restrict spray paint • Security guards • Censor details of • Alcohol-free sales to juveniles modus operandi events • Bag checks

Source: Center for Problem Oriented Policing

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STRUCTURE & RESPONSIBILITIES

The COP Team works under the direction of the COP Sergeant, who reports to the Special Operations Division Commander.

Officers follow the Department geographical district plan, each assigned to a district. This allows the COP officer to gain a better understanding of the problems and concerns specific to that area, and allows for more effective partnership use while problem-solving. Patrol officers and district leaders should be considered and utilized as needed. Effective communication is essential for success.

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RESPONSIBILITIES OF COP OFFICERS

• Receive assignments through citizen complaints, which can be made via dispatch, direct calls, emails, 311 Customer Service or other City Departments.

• Assist Zoning/Community Development with necessary home/site visits, or with nuisance abatement concerns.

• Identify and develop a working relationship with stakeholders in each neighborhood (ie: Neighborhood Chairs, Mobile Watch groups, businesses, active citizens, volunteers etc.)

• Attend monthly Neighborhood Chair meetings (if held) for your beat, to stay in touch with residents’ concerns, and report on crime data or department messages and updates.

• Utilize the City Action Team/Good Neighbor Meeting in resolving concerns that are larger in scope and would benefit from wider City involvement.

• Look for ways to engage the community and support community-based programs such as Neighborhood Watch, Police Picnics, specific neighborhood events, Habitat for Humanity projects etc.

• Identify problems that affect the Patrol Division and the Department. Request their assistance as often as possible and give feedback.

• Use our Crime Analyst, Daily Summaries, Crime Maps, Spillman Dashboard and Pass- On Log to stay abreast of current crime events and trends.

• Follow-up on criminal cases involving patterns or trends in the neighborhood and/or the city. Plan strategies to resolve the problems and use patrol where possible.

• Follow up on criminal cases related to drug activity and utilize the SET team, as well as the nuisance abatement process.

• Provide assistance to Provo Housing Authority in investigating drug and nuisance problems.

• Work with Adult Probation and Parole and identify the repeat offenders in each neighborhood.

• Respond to DCFS Child Abuse and Neglect Reports (CANRs) for any necessary follow- up/action (typically drug-related or environmental concerns.)

• Conduct community presentations and training with all ages and demographics.

• Assist SVU with quarterly Sex Offender Checks if needed.

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COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP MEETINGS

Each Tuesday at 0900, the COP unit hosts a community partnership meeting. Its purpose is to openly share information regarding people, places and crime trends, as well as encourage problem-solving dialogue.

Our partners include: AP&P, Provo Housing, Wasatch Mental Health, APS, DCFS, Victim Advocates, Community Development (Zoning), Orem City PD, UTA PD, LDS Security, Food bank etc.

COP officers will typically make themselves available to our partners immediately after the meeting, in case home visits or other types of ‘assists’ are needed.

ZONING VIOLATIONS

Most zoning violations can be taken care of by the Community Development staff, however, we are still able to, and should, request property owners to correct any violations noted. If our requests are not heeded, Community Development can issue an administrative Notice of Violation or citation. From time to time, COP will be asked to assist Zoning Officers on site visits where there could be potential problems, such as volatile persons, suspicious circumstances, or other safety concerns.

City codes typically violated:

14.34.80 Trash Storage; Abandoned, Wrecked, or Junked Vehicles; Misc. Materials 14.11.130 Parking on Lawns 14.34.190 Storage of Commercial Vehicles - Residential Zone 7.02.060 Weed Refuse Abatement 6.26.020 Rental Dwelling License 6.26.100 Rental Dwelling Minimum Health and Safety Requirements 6.01.020 Business License Required 14.10.020 One Family Residential - Permitted use (occupancy) 7.01.020 Nuisances Defined 7.2.050 Failure to Comply

EVICTION NOTICES DRUG & NUISANCES

After finding information of a drug arrest in a rental residence, COP can send a notice for eviction letter to the Landlords/Owners. The letter is found in the COP files, and is in template format. Specific details can simply be added in the appropriate boxes. All notices should be saved in the COP files, using the address of the home as the name file. Property owner information can be found on the City GIS mapping system, or County Land Records webpage. Letters should be sent to the landlord/homeowner, and a copy send to the occupants of the home. The Division Assistant can assist with these notices.

Codes for Reference: Utah Code 78b-6-1107 &1108 Nuisance - Right of Action to Abate Utah Code 58-37-8 Forfeiture of Real Property

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BEER & TOBACCO LICENSING

The COP office is responsible for approving any new applications for Beer Licensing. Throughout May and June each year all City Beer Licenses must be renewed and re-approved. The Division Assistant will primarily take care of the task, however, any Class C establishment (bars) must be checked and visited by the officer for that respective beat. Each employee and owner from those establishments must have a Criminal History waiver signed and verified by a department employee, in order to determine any disqualifying offences. The COP unit will often attend a business to conduct ‘group signature verifications’. After looking over all application forms, the COP officer will then make an inspection of the establishment.

Codes for Reference: Utah Code 32A-13-109 Authority to Inspect. City Code 6.14 Beer Licenses and Regulations.

Throughout the year, the County Health Department will conduct quarterly alcohol buys, using an under-aged ‘scout’ that the Health Department supplies. An officer will go with the Health Department Worker and Scout, and conduct all criminal investigations and reporting. These stings are typically overtime, unless the officer wishes to trade time. The Division Assistant will submit the hours for reimbursement from the Health Department. COP takes primary on these operations, however SROs are also included if COP are unable to fill the request.

Tobacco/Smoke Shop licensing is approved via the Business Licensing system and is primarily taken care of by the Division Assistant and COP Sgt. Similar to the alcohol buys, we support the Health Department in conducting under-aged buys for tobacco products using a scout. The SROs typically take the lead on these, however we assist when needed.

SEX OFFENDER CHECKS

COP may occasionally assist SVU in conducting quarterly sex offender checks for those who are currently on the Sex Offender Notification Registry. The County Sex Crimes Task Force Coordinator will send all lists to the SVU sergeant, who will then divide those names into groups. Typically, a COP Officer will be paired up with an SVU officer to conduct the checks in a timely manner. If the offender is not home, a door hanger (provided by the Sex Crimes office) will be left. All visits will be noted on the individual’s face-sheet, and these will be returned to SVU for forwarding to the County Coordinator.

AP&P ASSISTS

A few times throughout the year COP will assist Adult Probation and Parole by accompanying them on their probationer checks or ‘round-ups’.

COP will:

• Assist AP&P with handling criminal activity that is found at the residence • Assist in searching the home • Refer criminal charges • Transport parolee to Jail

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CITIZENS ACADEMY

The COP office hosts two Citizens Academies per year. The purpose is build relationships with our community, by openly sharing ‘what’ police do, and ‘why’. By hosting these academies, it is hoped that our students become our partners, and will respond to requests for assistance for help from us in future, be that in a neighborhood-based capacity, or by serving on a hiring board for the Department, or as a volunteer.

The Academy runs for seven weeks, and is held on Wednesday evenings, 1800-2130. The class is kept to around 12-15 students in order to support a hands-on curriculum. Attendees must either live, work, or volunteer in the Provo community.

COP officers will rotate lead assignment for each academy, and will work with the Division Assistant on scheduling and logistics. The lead officer is responsible for officiating each week’s classes.

COMMUNITY EVENTS

COP officers attend many community events throughout the year. These include:

Neighborhood Meetings Bike Rodeos Scout Police Badge Certification Station Tours Preschool Presentations Religious Group Presentations City-Sponsored Events Street/Block Parties Corporate Safety Fairs National Night Out Against Crime (First Tuesday evening in August each year) Brats with Cops Coffee with a Cop Police Picnics Habitat For Humanity Events

Activities for each event will vary pending on available resources, time, availability, and topic. Presentations involving children will typically be short, and we supply stickers, safety handouts, and other items as available. We have a remote control PC car for use at larger events.

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GRAFFITI

While all patrols officers currently report on graffiti, the COP office remains a ‘go to’ for follow-up with TAG (Teens Against Graffiti - JJS) on cleaning issues, and furthering any needed crime investigation. SROs are a great resource for most tagging and gang-related graffiti, and should be consulted when new/recurring trends are happening.

The team has multiple game cameras that can be installed in problem locations, and used as a tool for identifying suspects. The cameras are not just for graffiti - they can be used for other cases of criminal mischief damage, or drug homes that are being investigated.

BUSINESS LICENSING

The COP Sergeant and Division Assistant will primarily take care of relevant City Business Licensing approvals. However, there are times when COP officers will be responsible for investigating reports of nuisance businesses, concerns, or infractions.

Some complaints and investigations will need the response of other City entities. We frequently utilize a ‘City Action Team’ which can include (but is not limited to): Licensing, Zoning, Building Inspectors, Fire Marshal, City Property Manager & Ombudsman, Parks & Rec, Streets, City Arborists etc.

Codes for Reference: City Code Title 6 refers to all Business Licensing regulations.

CRIME PREVENTION/CPTED SURVEYS

There are times when property managers, apartment managers, or residents, request a crime prevention or home security survey of their property. We refer back to CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environment Design) and basic crime prevention theories and practices to direct our checklist. We have a checklist available in the COP files as a resource for such inspections. COP Officers will meet with the requesting party to conduct the on-site survey, and share pertinent recommendations or advice.

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ON-LINE RESOURCES

Utah County Jail Booking http://www.utahcountyonline.org/Dept/Sheriff/LE/index.asp Provo City GIS Mapping http://gishome.provo.org/ Utah County Land Records http://www.co.utah.ut.us/LandRecords/Index.asp State Pawn Database https://pawn.utah.gov/ State Court Records https://www.utcourts.gov/xchange/index.asp Provo City Code http://www.codepublishing.com/UT/Provo/ Sex Offender Registry http://www.communitynotification.com/cap_office_disclaimer.php?office=54438 Crime Prevention Council http://www.ncpc.org/

COMMUNITY POLICING MANUAL