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Analyzing the Strategies of Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking in Rwanda

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Analyzing the Strategies of Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking in Rwanda Sociology International Journal Review Article Open Access Analyzing the strategies of prevention and control of human trafficking in Rwanda Abstract Volume 3 Issue 4 - 2019 Human trafficking is a worldwide phenomenon in which victims of human trafficking Gacinya John coming from 127 countries have been found in 137 countries around the world. It therefore requires transnational policies that engage international cooperation through Department of Criminology & Penology, Mount Kenya University, Kenya information exchange and mutual assistance. Since 2009, about 153 cases of human trafficking have been recorded by the Rwanda National police. The aim of this study Correspondence: Gacinya John, Department of Criminology was to analyze preventive strategies that should be adopted to reduce the current level & Penology, Mount Kenya University, Kenya, Tel + 250788309865, of human trafficking in Rwanda. Qualitative data was collected and analyzed using Email documentary technique. Secondary data was analyzed and the following strategies were found to be currently used for prevention and control of human trafficking in Received: February 15, 2019 | Published: July 03, 2019 Rwanda; Making the public aware of the dangers of human trafficking, enhance coordination and cooperation, and improve capacity of law enforcers, legislation, reduce poverty and unemployment, improve on gender equality and education of the masses on cultural norms that condone conditions that favor human trafficking. These findings show that Rwanda is on the fore front in combating human trafficking. It can be better if the fight against this vice not only utilizes reactive measures but also preventive ones especially focusing on reducing vulnerabilities faced by communities at risk of human trafficking through socio-economic development. Let it be everybody’s responsibility to think globally and act locally in this noble mission of preventing and controlling human trafficking in Rwanda. Keywords: human trafficking, strategies, prevention and combat, development, enforcers, legislation, reduce poverty Introduction increase awareness and knowledge about human trafficking, identify partners in the fight against it, and mobilize financial resources to Human trafficking is a worldwide phenomenon in which victims support action. In 2013, about 141,484 victims of human trafficking of human trafficking coming from 127 countries have been found in arrived in Europe by the Mediterranean Sea quite as 170, 100 victims 1 137 countries around the world. It is estimated that there are at least of human trafficking reached Europe in 2014. These victims of human 2.4 million persons who are the victims of trafficking at any time. trafficking were from Syria, Eritrea, Mali, Nigeria, Gambia, Somalia The most visible forms of human trafficking are sexual and labor. and some other countries.5 Similarly, the collapse of the former Soviet Approximately 79% of trafficking victims are trafficked for sexual Union states and simultaneous political developments in Eastern exploitation, with 18% being trafficked for forced labor, it is estimated Europe resulted into developments socio- economic conditions that over US$30 billion are generated in profits through trafficked breeding poverty, mass unemployment, lack of resources to manage 1 persons every year. migration flows, which resulted in new sources and markets for 2 By 2008, Eighty percent (80%) of states in the world had reportedly trafficked women and children. criminalized trafficking in persons. However, the implementation of Ribando5 observes that trafficking in person laws should not the domestic laws on human trafficking is doubted because it has be modeled to other countries but rather related to the trafficking not been into practice. Much work on combating human trafficking in person problems and law enforcement capacities. He mentions worldwide has been on developing the capacity of criminal justice that once legislation is in place resources should be availed to ease in order to handle the prosecutions as well as coordination and implementation of legislation, and then further assistance should go 1 cooperation on matters of human trafficking combat. to training and more attention given to address the issue of police Tavanti2 adds that approximately 7 million people were trafficked corruption that has plagued countries. Once legislation is in place, in 2011, but only 7,909 traffickers were prosecuted and, 3,969 were more attention and resources may be needed to help countries convicted and that human traffickers are part of international criminal implement that legislation, and that assistance may need to go beyond organizations and difficult to prosecute. Migiro3 the Deputy Secretary training for law enforcement and legal professionals. To address the General United Nations, asserted that, “Human trafficking affects issue of police corruption that has long plagued many countries, us all, whether we live in countries of origin, transit or destination. stiffening penalties for police, border guards and other officials in 5 Preventing and combating it requires a comprehensive international the criminal justice needs to be opted. Ribando further finds that one approach. We must act together to stop a crime in our midst that of the troubling issues that developing states face is the problem of deprives countless victims of their liberty, dignity and human rights” data of data collection. Cases of human trafficking are not reported . On this note, UNODC4 finds that fighting human trafficking requires as it is a clandestine crime. There is also fear of retaliation and from the onset to identify the causes of vulnerability to trafficking, intimidation in case victims report comes out. In, Africa trafficking determine the range and magnitude of the impact of this crime, has been associated with colonialism and occupation. In the recent Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Sociol Int J. 2019;3(4):304‒309. 304 © 2019 John. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Copyright: Analyzing the strategies of prevention and control of human trafficking in Rwanda ©2019 John 305 times human trafficking is mainly linked with informal agriculture common criminals and all groups who are poverty stricken such and mining areas of Congo by use of child labor as well as sexual as street children, prostitutes, army deserters and other uneducated exploitation in Kenya.6 people. Poor young girls are recruited by older females and provided accommodation to serve as sex workers. These old ladies also offer In some countries not all aspects of the Palermo protocol that the young girls to clients staying in hotels, and girls from the refugee define human trafficking are taken into account. A splendid example camps in Rwanda are trafficked by fellow refugees to Uganda is in Brazil, China, Luxembourg, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia and Kenya.12 Despite the fact that the government of Rwanda in where national codes only criminalize sexual exploitation of women collaboration with international organizations have come up with and children and does not give criminal justice officials full protocol various strategies to prevent and control human trafficking such as: version to deal with human trafficking.6 Mazuru8 indicates that Increasing the knowledge and understanding of human trafficking gender discrimination in developing states such as Ethiopia, Somalia, amongst key stakeholders from the government and civil society, Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique, Malawi, Democratic Republic of building the capacity of law enforcement officials and immigration Congo (DRC) and Angola is the main cause of women trafficking officers to identify and respond to cases of human trafficking, especially in the aftermath of post war period. Therefore, prevention sensitizing the Rwandan public and local leadership on the different and control of human trafficking should be sought by empowering forms of human trafficking and the risks associated, and establishing women. This can be achieved by providing them the equality they a victim referral and assistance mechanism through training and deserve in terms of political and socio-economic wellbeing. support ,there is still a portion of the Rwandan population that still Mazimpaka9 observes that border posts such as Gatuna and others shows signs of vulnerability to the causes of human trafficking. It is are used by traffickers to transport victims across Rwandan border from this point of view that the researcher seeks to analyze strategies posts. Immigration and emigration authorities in Rwanda should be the government of Rwanda has adopted to prevent human trafficking. extra strict on people entering and leaving border posts. The Rwanda National police10 indicates that it intercepted 51 Bangladesh destined Research objective to Mozambique through Rwanda. Rwanda National Police has also This study seeks to analyze preventive strategies that should be rescued 138 victims of who 86 were destined to Uganda. Most adopted to reduce the current level of human trafficking in Rwanda. victims who are taken out of Rwanda are sent to China, Malaysia, Thailand, Dubai, Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania for exploitation in Literature review terms of forced marriage, labor and sex working. In this respect, close cooperation between countries to recue victims as well arresting The literature was reviewed
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