A Study of Militarization and Use of Force
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Sheppard, Liebenberg to Receive Bar Honors at Oct. 20 Quarterly
Philadelphia ® The Monthly Newspaper of the Philadelphia Bar Association Vol. 37, No. 10 October 2008 Sheppard, Liebenberg to Receive Women Bar Honors at Oct. 20 Quarterly Leaders on Role, Future on Oct. 20 n By Jeff Lyons A panel of women executives from across Philadelphia will discuss the role and future of female leaders at the Associ- ation’s Quarterly Meeting and Luncheon on Monday, Oct. 20. Moderated by CBS-TV 3’s evening weekend anchor, Mary Stoker Smith, panelists include Arlene Ackerman, CEO, School District of Philadelphia; Nina M. Gussack, chair, executive commit- tee, Pepper Hamilton LLP; Tara Weiner, managing partner of the Philadelphia office of Deloitte & Touche USA LLP; Women in the Profession Committee Co-Chair Danielle Banks (left) joins Co-Chair Maria A. Feeley (right) in congratulat- and Ahmeenah Young, president and ing Roberta D. Liebenberg on being named the recipient of the 2008 Sandra Day O’Connor Award. CEO, Pennsylvania Convention Center state or federal bench, whether active Authority. n By Jeff Lyons or retired, who has made a significant, “Oct. 20 will be a day to salute the positive impact on the quality or ad- ongoing role of women in the profession Philadelphia Court of Common ministration of justice in Philadelphia is continued on page 17 Pleas Senior Judge Albert W. Sheppard eligible for consideration. Examples of Jr. and former Women in the Profes- accomplishments worthy of nomination sion Committee Co-Chair Roberta D. include innovations in court administra- In This Issue Liebenberg will be presented with two of tion, implementation of pioneering case 4 Chancellor’s Forum the Association’s most prestigious awards management techniques, assumption at the Monday, Oct. -
PLUMHOFF V. RICKARD
(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2013 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus PLUMHOFF ET AL. v. RICKARD, A MINOR CHILD, INDIVIDUALLY, AND AS SURVIVING DAUGHTER OF RICKARD, DECEASED, BY AND THROUGH HER MOTHER RICKARD, AS PARENT AND NEXT FRIEND CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT No. 12–1117. Argued March 4, 2014—Decided May 27, 2014 Donald Rickard led police officers on a high-speed car chase that came to a temporary halt when Rickard spun out into a parking lot. Rick- ard resumed maneuvering his car, and as he continued to use the ac- celerator even though his bumper was flush against a patrol car, an officer fired three shots into Rickard’s car. Rickard managed to drive away, almost hitting an officer in the process. Officers fired 12 more shots as Rickard sped away, striking him and his passenger, both of whom died from some combination of gunshot wounds and injuries suffered when the car eventually crashed. Respondent, Rickard’s minor daughter, filed a 42 U. S. C. §1983 action, alleging that the officers used excessive force in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. -
First Amended Complaint Alleges As Follows
Case 1:20-cv-10541-CM Document 48 Filed 03/05/21 Page 1 of 30 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK In Re: New York City Policing During Summer 2020 Demonstrations No. 20-CV-8924 (CM) (GWG) WOOD FIRST AMENDED This filing is related to: CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT AND Charles Henry Wood, on behalf of himself JURY DEMAND and all others similarly situated, v. City of New York et al., No. 20-CV-10541 Plaintiff Charles Henry Wood, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, for his First Amended Complaint alleges as follows: PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 1.! When peaceful protesters took to the streets of New York City after the murder of George Floyd in the summer of 2020, the NYPD sought to suppress the protests with an organized campaign of police brutality. 2.! A peaceful protest in Mott Haven on June 4, 2020 stands as one of the most egregious examples of the NYPD’s excessive response. 3.! It also illustrates the direct responsibility that the leaders of the City and the NYPD bear for the NYPD’s conduct. 4.! Before curfew went into effect for the evening, police in riot gear surrounded peaceful protesters and did not give them an opportunity to disperse. 5.! The police then charged the protesters without warning; attacked them indiscriminately with shoves, blows, and baton strikes; handcuffed them with extremely tight plastic zip ties; and detained them overnight in crowded and unsanitary conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 Case 1:20-cv-10541-CM Document 48 Filed 03/05/21 Page 2 of 30 6.! The NYPD’s highest-ranking uniformed officer, Chief of Department Terence Monahan, was present at the protest and personally oversaw and directed the NYPD’s response. -
The Evolving Strategy of Policing
U.S. nt of Justice Office ui .-:itlice Programs National Institute ofJustice November 1988 No. 4 A publication of the National Institute of Justice,U.S. Department of Justice, and the Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University The Evolving Strategy of Policing By George L. Kelling and Mark H. Moore Policing, like all professions, learns from experience. This is one in a series of reports originally developed with It follows, then, that as modem police executives search some of the leading figuresin American policing during their for more effective strategies of policing, they will be guided periodic meetings at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy by the lessons of police history. The difficulty is that police School of Government. The reports are published so that history is incoherent, its lessons hard to read. After all, Americans interested in the improvement and the future of that history was produced by thousands of local departments policing can share in the information and perspectives that were part of extensivedebates at the School's Executive pursuing their own visions and responding to local condi- Session on Policing. tions. Although that varied experience is potentially a rich source of lessons, departments have left few records that The police chiefs, mayors, scholars,and others invited to the reveal the trends shaping modem policing. Interpretation meetings have focused on the use and promise of such strategies as community-based and problem-oriented policing. is necessary. The testing and adoption of these strategies by some police agencies signalimportant changes in the way American policing now does business. -
Community Policing Defined the Primary Elements of Community Policing
Community Policing Defined The Primary Elements of Community Policing Nonprof its / Service Providers Using the Crime Triangle Community Policing Community Policing Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies that support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, Defined and fear of crime. Community policing comprises three key components: Community Partnerships Collaborative partnerships between the law enforcement agency and the individuals and organizations they serve to develop solutions to problems and increase trust in police Organizational Transformation 1 The alignment of organizational management, structure, personnel, and information systems to support community partnerships and proactive problem solving Problem Solving The process of engaging in the proactive and systematic examination of identified problems to develop and evaluate effective responses Community Partnerships Collaborative partnerships between the law enforcement agency and the 2 individuals and organizations they serve to develop solutions to problems and increase trust in police Community policing, recognizing that police rarely can solve public safety problems alone, encourages interactive partnerships with relevant stakeholders. The range of potential partners is large, and these partnerships can be used to accomplish the two interrelated goals of developing solutions to problems through -
Analyzing the Strategies of Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking in Rwanda
Sociology International Journal Review Article Open Access Analyzing the strategies of prevention and control of human trafficking in Rwanda Abstract Volume 3 Issue 4 - 2019 Human trafficking is a worldwide phenomenon in which victims of human trafficking Gacinya John coming from 127 countries have been found in 137 countries around the world. It therefore requires transnational policies that engage international cooperation through Department of Criminology & Penology, Mount Kenya University, Kenya information exchange and mutual assistance. Since 2009, about 153 cases of human trafficking have been recorded by the Rwanda National police. The aim of this study Correspondence: Gacinya John, Department of Criminology was to analyze preventive strategies that should be adopted to reduce the current level & Penology, Mount Kenya University, Kenya, Tel + 250788309865, of human trafficking in Rwanda. Qualitative data was collected and analyzed using Email documentary technique. Secondary data was analyzed and the following strategies were found to be currently used for prevention and control of human trafficking in Received: February 15, 2019 | Published: July 03, 2019 Rwanda; Making the public aware of the dangers of human trafficking, enhance coordination and cooperation, and improve capacity of law enforcers, legislation, reduce poverty and unemployment, improve on gender equality and education of the masses on cultural norms that condone conditions that favor human trafficking. These findings show that Rwanda is on the fore front in combating human trafficking. It can be better if the fight against this vice not only utilizes reactive measures but also preventive ones especially focusing on reducing vulnerabilities faced by communities at risk of human trafficking through socio-economic development. -
African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies: AJCJS, Vol.4, No.1
African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies: AJCJS, Vol.11, #1 April 2018 ISSN 1554-3897 A Critical Analysis of the ‘Broken Windows’ Policing in New York City and Its Impact: Implications for the Criminal Justice System and the African American Community By Ngozi C. Kamalu Fayetteville State University and Emmanuel C. Onyeozili University of Maryland Eastern Shore Abstract The broken windows approach is an aggressive crime fighting strategy instituted in New York City in the 1990s, emphasizing mass arrest of perpetrators of major as well as minor offenses. The impact resulted in disproportionate arrest of Black and Hispanic youths in comparison with Caucasians. Critics of broken windows strategy maintain that its success is exaggerated and oversold. They argue that the decline in crime in the city was not a consequence of the strategy, but due to improved economy, declining numbers of teenage males, and the decline in crack cocaine use. The broken windows strategy in fact yielded unintended consequences and other collateral effects because of its negative impact on the racial minorities. Furthermore, it created enormous financial burden on the criminal justice system by diverting limited resources for social programs to punishment and incarceration, thus undermining the traditional police- community emphasis of effective policing. The perceived unfair treatment, harassment, and subjection of African Americans to “stop, frisk, search and arrest” has eroded public trust, compromised citizens’ due process rights, and delegitimized the law enforcement in the eyes of vulnerable groups, thus creating an enduring negative perception of the criminal justice system. Keywords Broken windows, Community-Oriented Policing, Problem-Oriented Policing, Stop and frisk, Racial profiling, Hot-spots, Order-maintaining policing, Quality of Life policing. -
Militarization and Perceptions of Law Enforcement in the Developing World: Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment in Mexico
Militarization and Perceptions of Law Enforcement in the Developing World: Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment in Mexico Gustavo Flores-Macías Jessica Zarkin Cornell University Cornell University [email protected] [email protected] DRAFT June 5, 2020 Abstract Although a growing body of research suggests that the constabularization of the military for domestic policing is counterproductive, this increasingly prevalent policy has nonetheless enjoyed widespread support in the developing world. This study advances our understanding of the consequences of militarization for perceptions of law enforcement: whether visual features shape perceptions of effectiveness, respect for civil liberties, proclivity for corruption, and acceptance of militarization in one’s own neighborhood. Based on a nationally representative, image-based, conjoint experiment conducted in Mexico, we find that military weapons and uniforms enhance perceptions of effectiveness and respect for civil liberties. We also find that gender shapes perceptions of civil liberties and corruption, but we find no effect for skin color. The findings suggest that a central feature of militarization linked to greater violence—military weapons—is paradoxically a key factor explaining favorable attitudes, and that women can play a crucial role in improving perceptions of law enforcement. Keywords: Militarization; policing; law enforcement; perceptions; conjoint experiment; effectiveness; civil liberties; Latin America; Mexico. Across the world, governments have increasingly militarized law enforcement. Although in the developed world militarization has taken place in the form of police adopting characteristics of the armed forces—as with the proliferation of SWAT teams and the use of military gear in local police departments—in broad parts of the developing world it has also taken the form of constabularized militaries taking on domestic law enforcement roles. -
Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/24928 SHARE Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities DETAILS 408 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-46713-1 | DOI 10.17226/24928 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK David Weisburd and Malay K. Majmundar, Editors; Committee on Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime, Communities, and Civil Liberties; Committee on Law and Justice; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National FIND RELATED TITLES Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities Proactive Policing Effects on Crime and Communities Committee on Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime, Communities, and Civil Liberties David Weisburd and Malay K. Majmundar, Editors Committee on Law and Justice Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education A Consensus Study Report of Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by a Grant from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation and Grant No. -
The Changing Environment for Policing, 1985-2008
The Changing Environment for Policing, 1985- 2008 | 1 New Perspectives in Policing S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 0 National Institute of Justice The Changing Environment for Policing, 1985-2008 David H. Bayley and Christine Nixon Introduction Executive Session on Policing In 1967, the President’s Commission on Law and Public Safety Enforcement and the Administration of Justice pub This is one in a series of papers that are being pub lished The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society. This lished as a result of the Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety. publication is generally regarded as inaugurating the scientific study of the police in America in particu Harvard’s Executive Sessions are a convening of lar but also in other countries. Almost 20 years later, individuals of independent standing who take joint responsibility for rethinking and improving society’s the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard responses to an issue. Members are selected based University, convened an Executive Session on the on their experiences, their reputation for thoughtful police (1985-1991) to examine the state of policing ness and their potential for helping to disseminate the and to make recommendations for its improvement. work of the Session. Its approximately 30 participants were police execu In the early 1980s, an Executive Session on Policing tives and academic experts. Now, 20 years further on, helped resolve many law enforcement issues of the Kennedy School has again organized an Executive the day. It produced a number of papers and concepts that revolutionized policing. -
Supreme Court of the United States
No. _________ ================================================================ In The Supreme Court of the United States --------------------------------- --------------------------------- OFFICER VANCE PLUMHOFF, et al., Petitioners, vs. WHITNE RICKARD, a minor child, individually, and as surviving daughter of Donald Rickard, deceased, by and through her mother Samantha Rickard, as parent and next friend, Respondent. --------------------------------- --------------------------------- On Petition For Writ Of Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Sixth Circuit --------------------------------- --------------------------------- PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI --------------------------------- --------------------------------- MICHAEL A. MOSLEY PHILIP W. SAVRIN P.O. Box 38 Counsel of Record North Little Rock, AR 72115 JACOB E. DALY (501) 978-6131 FREEMAN MATHIS & GARY, LLP 100 Galleria Parkway Suite 1600 Atlanta, GA 30339 (770) 818-1405 [email protected] ================================================================ COCKLE LAW BRIEF PRINTING CO. (800) 225-6964 OR CALL COLLECT (402) 342-2831 i QUESTIONS PRESENTED In a civil case against police officers for excessive force, a court must grant qualified immunity unless the use of force was prohibited by clearly established law. Here, the Sixth Circuit denied qualified immun- ity for force used in 2004 to end a vehicular pursuit that is similar to the force ruled permissible in Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372 (2007). The Sixth Circuit denied qualified immunity by distinguishing Scott “in the details” from the force used three years earlier in this case. (Pet. App. at 8-9.) The Sixth Circuit applied a similar analysis in Walker v. Davis, 649 F.3d 502 (6th Cir. 2011), where it also distinguished Scott to deny qualified immunity for pre-2007 conduct. As Judge McKeague noted in his extended dissent, the Sixth Circuit stands alone in this analysis. -
Community Policing: a Practical Guide for Police Officials
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Ju\tice Program\ NLIIIOIIN/111$ttffftrof./l(.sftcc pea: September 1989 No. 12 A publication of the National instituteof Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, and the Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Community Policing: A Practical Guide for Police Officials By Lee Y. Brown Like many other social institutions, American police depart- ments are responding to rapid social change and emerging This is one in a series of reports originally developed with problems by rethinking their basic strategies. In response to some of the leading figures in American policing during their problems such as crime, drugs, fear, and urban decay, the periodic meetings at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. The reportsare published so that police have begun experimenting with new approaches to Americans interested in the improvement and the future of their tasks. policing can share in the information and perspectives that were part of extensivedebates at the School's Executive Among the most prominent new approaches is the concept of Session on Policing. community policing. Viewed from one perspective, it is not a The police chiefs, mayors, scholars,and others invited to the new concept; the principles can be traced back to some of meetings have focused on the use and promise of such policing's oldest traditions. More recently, some of the impor- strategies as community-based and problem-oriented policing. tant principles of community policing have been reflected in The testing and adoption of these strategies by some police particular programs initiated in a variety of places within agencies signal important changes in the way American policing now does business.