Choose the word or phrase that best completes 7. The moment he______this message , he must each sentence. call me.
A) received B) will receive 1. The teacher ______attendance when I arrived. C) receives D) is receiving
A) was taken B) was taking C) has taken D) were taking
8. Alice ______in musical shows hundreds of times up till now. 2. Jane is a fashion designer, but currently she ______shoes. A) has danced B)has been dancing C) had danced D) danced A) sold B) is selling C) was selling D) will sell
9. It’s the first time I ______Brazilian food. 3. 3.She prefers a place of her own; for the time being, however, she ______with her aunt. A) eat B) have eaten C) am eating D) ate A) stayed B) has stayed C) was staying D) is staying
10. He ______me twice since he went to England. 4. No wonder Mary is cross with you. You ______to her for quite a long time. A) has called B) has been calling C) has been called D) called A) hadn’t written B) didn’t write C) haven’t written D) aren’t writing
11. When I went to London, I stayed at the same hotel 5. I became concerned when he ______home by where I ______five years earlier. midnight. A) had stayed B) have been staying A) wasn’t coming B) hasn’t come C) have stayed D) stayed C) hadn’t come D) doesn’t come
6. I hope you ______the elections to be held soon. 12. 12.He ______to me several times this year . A) are winning B) will win A) wrote B) has been writing C) have won D) won C) had written D) has written 1 13. I ______Brazilian food up till now. 19. He ______television before he went to bed.
A) never ate B) have never eaten A) has been watching B) was watching C) had never eaten D) never eat C) had watched D) has watched
14. When you ______your work, you can go out. 20. They ______for ten days when they ran into a terrible storm. A) finished B) have finished C) will finish D) had finished A) sailed B) had been sailing C) have sailed D) were sailing
15. Tell him I ______anything with him until I’ve spoken with my wife. 21. Eray ______hard for the last three days.
A) don’t discuss B) haven’t discussed A) worked B) has been working C) won’t discuss D) didn’t discuss C) is working D) was working
16. I’ll start cooking after I ______a rest. 22. He ______three children so far.
A) had B) will have A) has B) had had C) have had D) am having C) has had D) had
17. When the war broke out, Mary ______in Berlin 23. Once you ______the examination, you’ll be able for 6 years. to relax.
A) lived B) had been living A) have taken B) have been taken C) has been living D) was living C) took D) will have taken
24. He’s very good player. He ______consistently well 18. The system ______surprisingly well up till now. recently.
A) works B) worked A) is playing B) has been playing C) has worked D) is working C) was playing D) had played 2 25. By May, I ______this car for five years. 31. If only ______enough money, he would have bought that house. A) will have B) will have had C) will be having D) have had A) he has had B) had he had C) he didn’t have D) he had had
26. When you arrived home, we ______lunch. If you had come a bit earlier, we could have had lunch 32. "How long have you been with the company?" together. "I ______there two years by January.
A) just had B) have just had A) will work B) will have worked C) had just had D) had just C) will be working D) have worked
33. Your hair is too long. It’s time ______a haircut. 27. Mary ______the dishes at the moment. A) you have B) you should have A) washes B) was washing C) you had D) for your having C) is washing D) has washed
34. Since calculators were first introduced, they ______28. You are making a lot of noise. I wish you ______to be useful tolls for people weak in mathematics. quiet for a while. A) proved B) have proved A) will keep B) would keep C) will prove D) are proving C) keep D) have kept
35. As soon as he ______, tell him that I want to see 29. Mr. Brown ______a capable, dedicated doctor, and him. his patients have missed him ever since his death. A) arrived B) is arriving A) is B) has been C) arrives D) will arrive C) was D) was being
36. The commissioner has assured the crowd that the 30. If you ______me earlier, I could have helped you. problem ______care of as soon as possible.
A) told B) would have told A) will take B) has been taken C) have told D) had told C) had been taken D) will be taken
3 37. When he saw the crowd, he regretted that he 43. Don’t forget that ______to our new office by the ______his ticket earlier. time you get back from holiday.
A) can’t have bought B) hasn’t bought A) I move B) I’ll have moved C) hadn’t bought D) wasn’t buying C) I’ll move D) I’ll be moving
38. They ______for seven hours when they arrived at 44. I’m afraid I didn’t hear the doorbell when you rang. I the border. ______in the garden at the time.
A) are driving B) have been driving A) worked B) have been working C) had been driving D) drove C) have worked D) was working
45. It was 4 o’clock when the ambulance finally arrived, by 39. She complains that she ______headaches. then the severely injured man______.
A) has frequently B) has had frequently A) had died B) died C) frequently has D) have frequently C) has died D) dies
46. The girls seem to be fully satisfied with their English course. So far they ______even a single class. 40. Whenever the safety commission ______its regulations , there are complaints. A) don’t miss B) haven’t missed
A) is enforcing B) enforce C) didn’t miss D) wont miss C) will enforce D) enforces
47. For the past few nights he ______on the floor. Oh dear, I don’t feel very well, I think ______41. A) sleeps B) is sleeping
A) I’ll faint B) I’m going to faint C) slept D) has slept C) I’m fainting D) I’ve fainted
42. Unfortunately the train ______by the time I 48. Jimmy is still doing his homework. He will come out to reached the platform. play when he ______his homework.
A) left B) leaves A) did B) will do C) had left D) has left C) will have done D) has done
4 49. This is the best steak I ______. 55. The telephone rang just as I ______the door.
A) had ever tasted B) have ever tasted A) has been unlocking B) will be unlocking C) ever taste D) ever tasted C) was unlocking D) have unlocked
50. Ayhan ______in London for five years from 1985 56. I ______German when I was at high school. to 1990. A) have studied B) was studied A) lived B) has lived C) studied D) have been studying C) was living B) would live
57. How long ago ______her? 51. Last semester, we ______beginning grammar. A) were you met B) have you met A) study B) studied C) you met D) did you meet C) were studied D) have studied
58. She ______working at the bank for three years 52. There ______a lot of cowboys in America a hundred now. years ago. A) is B) has been A) was B) did C) was D) had been C) were D) have been
59. "I have a highly reliable watch" 53. When I finish this course, I ______to the next level. "How long ______it?"
A) have gone B) will go A) did you have B) you have had C) went D) will have been going C) have you had D) have you got
54. The teacher was writing on the blackboard when he 60. We ______for a long time. I don’t know how she ______the chalk. looks now.
A) was dropping B) was dropped A) didn’t meet B) haven’t met C) is dropping D) dropped C) don’t meet D) hadn’t met 5 61. She ______her lessons while I was watching 67. I didn’t quite appreciate the opera we saw last week television. as I ______to the opera before.
A) has studied B) is studying A) hadn’t been B) haven’t been C) was studying D) studies C) didn’t go D) wasn’t going
62. You must wait here until your parents ______back. 68. The teacher usually ______to class on time.
A) came B) come A) comes B) is coming C) will come D) are coming C) coming D) come
69. We ______a test now. 63. As soon as we ______home tomorrow, we’ll call you. A) take B) took C) are taking D) are being taken A) got B) get C) will get D) are going to get
70. Columbus ______America in 1492.
64. The exam ______at 9:00 tomorrow. A) discovers B) discovered C) was discovering D) was discovered A) starts B) which will start C) starting D) to start
71. The little boy burst into tears when he saw that his 65. I ______her while I was going to school. brother ______his jigsaw puzzle apart.
A) meet B) was meeting A) was broken B) has broken C) met D) have met C) had been broken D) had broken
66. She ______to go there tomorrow, but now she finds 72. A: "Have you cleaned your room yet?" that she can’t go. B: "I ______it a while ago , but I didn’t have time.
A) is planning B) was planning A) cleaned B) would clean C) will plan D) plans C) was going to clean D) would be cleaning 6 73. The Soviet Union ______with spacecraft for 78. "How long have you been with the company?" several years when the United States began its space "I ______there two years by January." program. A) will work B) will be working A) was experimenting C) will have worked D) have been working B) has been experimenting C) experimented D) had been experimenting
79. "Have you received the books you ordered last month?" 74. Martin Luther King ______for civil rights for more "No, but it’s possible that they ______in a few than a decade when he received the Noble Peace days." Prize in 1964. A) will arrive B) arrive A) worked B) had been working C) are arriving D) have arrived C) has been working D) was working
75. She ______in Ankara for several years before she This is a secret. I’d rather you ______anything to moved to İstanbul. 80. anybody about it. A) was living B) has lived A) shouldn’t say B) don’t say C) had lived D) has been living C) haven’t told D) didn’t tell
76. All right, Johnny, it’s time you ______to bed.
A) went B) would you C) will be going D) going to go 81. Some students ______graduate next June.
A) are B) are going to C) are going to be D) are going
77. A: "How are you feeling?" B: "I’ve been feeling better since______"
A) the doctor has came B) the doctor will come 82. What a lovely night ! The moon ______brightly. C) the doctor had come A) shines B) is shining D) the doctor came C) shined D) was shining 7 83. Before anyone could photograph the strange- looking 88. The class begins when the teacher ______. bird,______. A) arrived B) will arrive A) it was flying away B) it has flown away C) arrives D) is arriving C) it flew away D) it had been flying away
84. Barbara: It’s curious that Roy can’t ski better. 89. I’ll get a better job when I ______more English. Jane: I know. By the end of the month, he ______lessons for a full month. A) know B) will know C) knew D) knowing A) will have B) will be having C) has been having D) will have been having
90. When the class ______over, the students will 85. Rex: It’s already half-past six. leave. Hal: Good heavens, so it is! It’s time we ______A) was B) is A) are gone B) are going C) will be D) will C) were gone D) shall go
86. Bob: I shan’t be more than five or ten minutes now. 91. He ______you to his party last week, but he did not Alfred: All right. I’ll wait over there until ______have your address. ready. A) would invite B) would have invited A) you will be B) you are C) might invite D) was inviting C) you were D) you’re going to be
87. Ali ______English, but he doesn’t any more. This time tomorrow, with any luck, we ______A) used to studying 92. through France, enjoying the first day of our holiday. B) was used to study C) used to study A) drive B) will have driven D) was used to studying C) will drive D) will be driving 8 93. When you called, I ______breakfast yet. 98. Erdinç was sunburned because he ______on the beach for over 6 hours. A) haven’t had B) didn’t have C) hadn’t had D) wasn’t having A) has sat B) was sitting C) is sitting D) had been sitting E) has been sitting
94. I ______to the same barber since 1980.
A) am going B) have been going
C) go D) was going 99. I’ve brought Ali some medicine in case he ______any.
A) doesn’t have B) hadn’t C) didn’t have D) wouldn’t have E) wouldn’t have had
95. He has been in London since June, but he ______even a single letter to me yet.
A) didn’t write B) hasn’t written C) doesn’t write D) isn’t writing
100. Over the last few days, ______a heat spell.
A) we are having B) we’ve been having C) we had D) we had had E) we were having 96. How long ______here?
A) does John live B) is John living C) John lived B) has John lived E) John has been living
97. Erdal ______for eight hours before he finished everything.
A) has worked B) has been working C) is working D) was working E) had been working
9 Choose the alternative that best completes each 6. "Why are you in a hurry? You ______be in your sentence. office before half past eight."
A might not B) aren’t supposed to 1. 1.When I was younger, I ______five kilometers every day, but now I have to take frequent rests when C) had better not D) couldn’t I try to do the same thing.
A) could run B) should be able to run C) have got to D) can run 7. She hasn’t eaten anything since yesterday. She ______be really hungry now!
A) can B) would C) must C) might
2. Whenever Mary’s parents went out in the evening, she ______the job of taking care of her younger sister. 8. "Ayla, you ____ put the meat in the refrigerator before it spoils." A) should get B) must have gotten " You’re right. I didn’t know it was still in the shopping C) would get D) had better get bag."
A) had better B) would rather C) may D) had to
3. Ali has a new sports car now. He ______it for a good price. He paid twenty percent less than the regular retail 9. "______you close the door, please?" cost. "Certainly."
A) was able to buy B) could buy A) May B) Shall C) Do D) Will C) was supposed buy D) had to buy
10. I would live in Antalya if I ______. 4. There ______a movie theater next to the drugstore, but it was demolished and a ten-story office A) had B) would building was built in its place. C) could D) should
A) was used to being B) used to be C) used to being D) was used to be
11. "Why are you late?" " I ______my uncle to the bus terminal. There was so much traffic that it took me much longer than it 5. Since we have to be there before 9 o’clock, we usually does." ______take a taxi. Otherwise, we’ll be late. A) had to take B) must have taken A) are able to B) may C) have got to take D) should have taken C) had better D) would 10 12. "The cold weather doesn’t seem to bother you." 18. I don’t think I’ll succeed but I ______as well try. "Before I came to Ankara I ______in Kars, which is one of the coldest places in Turkey." A) can B) may C) should D) must A) used to live B) would rather live C) would live D) ought to live
19. They sacrificed their lives so that we ______.
13. "Do you think the teacher will give us a pop quiz A) lived B) are living today?" C) might live D) can live " He ______, but I don’t really think so."
A) will B) might 20. We must all work hard so that our country ______C) would D) should be prosperous .
A) may B) should C) must D) had better
14. "I’ve been having problems with my eyes. "Why don’t you see an eye doctor? You ______need glasses 21. You ______drive fast. There is a speed limit A) can B) might here. C) would D) had better A) wouldn’t B) are unable to C) can’t D) couldn’t
15. You ______watch television as long as you like.
A) could B) would 22. All high school graduates in Turkey ______take C) might D) can the University Exam to be admitted to a university.
A) had better B) should C) have to D) ought to
16. The sign on the lawn says clearly that people ______not walk on the grass. 23. I’ll do all I ______to help you out. A) will B) might C) have D) may A) must B) may C) would D) can
17. If you don’t want to get wet, then you had better 24. When a tyre is punctured, the driver ______this umbrella with you. change the wheel so that he can go on driving.
A) take B) for taking A) has to B) had to C) to take D) taken C) would D) should 11 25. I got lost and ______ask a policeman the way. 31. You ______her for what she did. She was offended that you didn’t. A) ought to B) should C) had to D) have to A) should have thanked B) must have thanked C) may have thanked D) would have thanked
26. The milkman looks like a snowman .It ______heavily outside.
A) will be snowing B) may be snowing C) must be snowing D) should be snowing 32. "He said that he watered the plants every day." " He ______them. If he had, they wouldn’t have died."
A) can’t have watered B) shouldn’t have watered 27. A: "I’ve been having problems with my eyes." C) might not have watered B: You ______see an optician. You might need glasses." D) needn’t have watered
A) had better B) would rather C) would D) had to
33. Since the door is locked , they ______out.
28. Ali ______on the project with Okan but he’s in the A) can have gone B) should have gone recreation room, ______ping pong. C) would have gone D) must have gone
A) will be working / plays B) should be working / playing C) must be working / and playing You ______wine. We’ve got plenty. D) should work / is playing 34.
A) couldn’t have bought B) needn’t have bought C) wouldn’t have bought 29. Father to son, "I can’t support you any longer. You D) mustn’t have bought ______earn your own living from now on.’’
A) must B) would C) may D) had to 35. "I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down." "You ______mine. I wasn’t using it." 30. "Do I have to take that Math Course?" "No , you ______." A) were able to borrow B) may have borrowed A) haven’t B) don’t have C) could have borrowed C) mustn’t D) needn’t D) could borrow 12 36. "I saw your father in Kızılay yesterday." 41. "My car was towed away from the academic parking "’You ______him in Kızılay yesterday because lot yesterday." he was at home all day yesterday." "You ______have parked there. You know that students are not allowed to park there." A) needn’t have seen B) can’t have seen A) might not B) mustn’t C) shouldn’t have seen C) shouldn’t D) may not D) wouldn’t have seen
42. He was a very patient cat; he ______sit for hours beside a mouse hole. 37. "I know she was at home because I heard her singing a song." A) might B) would " She ______the bell." C) should D) ought to
A) might not have heard B) should not have heard C) ought not to have hear D) would not have heard 43. Some of the milk turned sour before reaching the market and ______away.
A) must throw B) had to be thrown C) must be thrown D) had to throw 38. He ______have lost his way. He knows the city so well !
A) wouldn’t B) might C) mustn’t D) can’t 44. ______you mind opening the window?
A) Would B) Might C) Should D) Could
39. You ______have been delighted when you won the competition. 45. When you buy something on the installment system, A) can B) must you ______pay the whole price at once. C) may D) could A) couldn’t B) did not C) needn’t D) would not
40. "Why are you so mad?" "You ______me you weren’t coming to dinner. I The police were suspicious of me at first but waited for you for two hours." 46. eventually I ______convince them that I was innocent. A) should tell B) should have told A) could B) had to C) must have told D) may have told C) was able to D) might
13 47. Before his death last year, Professor Taylor decided 53. He worked hard yesterday, so he ______the that he ______leave $ 200,000 to his university. project.
A) can B) would A) could finish B) would have finished C) may D) shall C) might finish D) was able to finish
54. It’s only a little way to the station, so we ______as 48. There is no definite plan, but the university ______well walk. the tuition next year. A) can B) will A) might raise B) will have been raised C) could D) might C) might be raised D) will raise
55. If only I ______play the guitar as well as you! 49. I didn’t go to see my parents in August. I could ______them during the next vacation. A) could B) might C) should D) would A) have visited B) have been visiting C) visit D) be visited
56. " What will you do after school is over?" " I ______work for a year, but I haven’t decided yet." 50. ______you be so kind as to deliver this message to my roommate? A) might B) will C) should D) can A) Should B) Would C) Can D) Might
57. " Did Alper go to the movies last night ?" " Yes, but he ______have stayed at home all 51. You ______a two-year old child at home alone. evening and studied his lessons." Anything can happen. A) may B) should A) didn’t leave B) mustn’t leave C) must D) can C) don’t have to leave D) needn’t leave
58. He was a good swimmer and ______swim to the 52. The letter is supposed ______today. river bank when the boat sank.
A) to deliver B) that it is delivered A) could B) might be able to C) delivering D) to be delivered C) might D) was able to
14 59. I ______rather go to Antalya than Istanbul for my 65. " Do you think it was Ali we saw earlier? holiday. " It ______but I’m not sure."
A) would B) could A) would be B) may have been C) had D) should C) might be D) must have
66. ______you like to come or ______you rather 60. You ______to eat it if you don’t feel like it. stay here?
A) needn’t B) don’t have A) Should / would B) Would / had C) mustn’t D) haven’t C) Would / would D) Do / would
67. " Ali has pictures of Michael Jackson, the famous pop 61. Hello Mary! I can’t be sure I’ll be home in time for singer, all over his walls" dinner. I ______be late, so don’t wait for me. " He ______like the singer very much."
A) may B) will A) must B) can C) should D) must C) will D) may
68. " There were some candies on the table, but they ‘re 62. Climbing boots and helmets were provided, so we all gone. I wonder what happened to them." ______bring our own. "I don’t know. My younger brother ______them."
A) didn’t need to B) needn’t have A) had to eat B) may have eaten C) need not D) not needed C) ought to have eaten D) might eat
69. I’m absolutely sure that the money wasn’t stolen by 63. 63.Hurry up ! It’s a quarter past . We really ______John. Such an honest person as John _____ such a be late. disgraceful thing in any way.
A) mustn’t B) needn’t A) shouldn’t have done B) may not have done C) don’t have to D) may not C) can’t have done D) could not do
70. You shouldn’t have walked about the city alone. You ______. 64. You ______be an Englishman to understand Shakespeare. A) might get lost
A) may not B) don’t have to B) would have gotten lost C) mustn’t D) won’t C) might have gotten lost D) could get lost 15 71. When I was young, I ______a sports magazine 76. Erdinç ______a bike to work, but now he drives. regularly, but I don’t any more. A) used to ride B) would ride A) used to buy B) used to buying C) had ridden D) used to riding C) was used to buy D) had been used to buying E) was used to drive
77. You ______forget Friday’s meeting. It’s very 72. You ______me because I didn’t really mean that. important.
A) must misunderstand A) needn’t B) mustn’t C) might not B) must have misunderstood D) haven’t E) don’t C) might misunderstand D) had to misunderstand
78. You ______buy any bread. There’s plenty.
A) couldn’t B) needn’t 73. " Ali got the highest grade in his history exam." C) mustn’t D) aren’t able to "He ______very hard before the exam." E) aren’t supposed A) should have studied B) ought to have studied C) must have studied D) might study 79. I’m taking an umbrella. It ______rain.
A) must B) should C) has to D) has got to E) may
74. "Jane walked past me without speaking." "He ______you. He is very shortsighted."
A) can’t have recognized 80. When I was a child, I ______milk every day. B) should not have recognized A) have drunk B) was drinking C) might not have recognized C) used to drink D) had drunk D) might not recognize E) had been drinking
75. "Did you hear me come in last night?" He ______mad if he thinks I’m going to lend him "No, I ______asleep." 81. any money. A) must have been B) may have been A) ought to be B) will be C) can be C) should have been D) might have been D) must be E) may be 16 82. A: "When would you like me to take my annual 87. Ali and Attila were mischievous children. They leave?" ______tricks on their teachers, which always got B: " I’d rather you ______next month them into a lot of trouble.
A) take B) will take C) took A) may have played D) must be E) may be B) would have played C) used to play D) could play E) could have played
83. "I’m having trouble with this exercise." "Don’t worry ______you."
A) I’ll help B) I’m going to help
C) I help D) I helped 88. Since you have to be at the station in a hurry, you E) I have helped ______a taxi. "Otherwise, ______late.
A) may take / you can be B) are able to take / you’ll be C) would rather / you would be D) could take / are 84. I’m afraid I ______to attend the lecture tomorrow E) had better take / you’ll be afternoon.
A) don’t B) wasn’t able C) can’t D) couldn’t E) won’t be able
89. Why ______to him? You ______him to change his mind if you do so. 85. We ______be going to Italy this fall but we’re not A) don’t you talk / might persuade so sure yet. B) didn’t you talk / could persuade A) can B) have to C) might C) aren’t you talking / might have persuaded D) would E) must D) haven’t you talked / you were able to persuade E) don’t you talk / have been able to persuade
86. When I was younger, I ______in the garden for hours, but now I ______frequent rests because I have emphysema. 90. A: "It ______rain this evening. Why don’t you take A) have been able to work / have got to take an umbrella?" B) had been able to work / would rather take B: "That’s good idea. ______I borrow yours?" C) was able to work / would take A) will have to / Can B) may / Do D) could work / have to take C) might / May D) must / Will E) would be able to work / must take E) will / Do 17 91. "You ______anything since yesterday morning. You 96. A: "It’s strange that he hasn’t said any more about his ______really hungry!" plans to emigrate’’ "I am." B: "He ______his mind about it."
A) haven’t eaten / must be A) could change B) haven’t been eating / can be B) would have changed C) didn’t eat / might be C) might change D) hadn’t eaten / you are D) should change E) aren’t eating / will be E) might have changed
92. A: "I ______at the university for an important 97. Oh no! I’ve missed the train. I ___ home five minutes meeting scheduled for 9 o’clock, but my car won’t earlier. start. ______you please give me a lift?" B: "Sure. Are you ready to go now?" A) could leave B) must have left C) might leave D) should have left A) will be / May E) may have left B) may be / Can C) might be / Do D) have got to be / Could 98. A: "John was involved in an accident with his car." E) am supposed to be / Do B: "He ______so fast."
A) shouldn’t be driving
93. "Since we ______there in a hungry, we _____ B) wouldn’t be driving take a taxi." C) might not be driving "I agree." D) mustn’t have been driving E) shouldn’t have been driving A) will be / may B) must be / are able to C) would be / can 99. He ______unwisely but he was at least trying to do D) have got to be / might something constructive. E) have to be / had better A) ought to have acted
94. "______you hand me that dictionary, please?" B) would have acted "Certainly." C) may act D) may have acted A) Shall B) Should C) Will E) might act D) May E) Do
100. A: "He said he would ring but he hasn’t." 95. A: "How on earth did the thief get in?" B: "He ______about it." Otherwise, he would B: "He ______a window." have ung you.
A) could have broken A) must have forgotten B) would have broken B) could forget C) could break C) may forget D) would break D) might forget E) must have been broken E) ought to have forgotten 18 Choose the word or phrase that best completes 7. What ______behind from the ancient civilizations each sentence. must be preserved carefully.
A) left B) was left 1. All aspects of man’s behavior ______by social factors. C) had left D) it was left
A) are affecting B) is being affected C) are affected D) have affected
8. Chistopher Columbus, a famous Italian navigator, ______until recently considered to be the first 2. Great care should ______when attempting to European to sail to the New World. interpret the meaning and significance of a correlation. A) has B) who has been A) observe B) have observed C) was D) that was C) be observed D) be observing
3. Glass ______extensively in many modern 9. He ______to withdraw his resignation. buildings. A) persuaded B) had persuaded A) being used B) is used C) was persuading D) was persuaded C) uses D) used
4. The needs of the learner must ______when 10. We were made ______the boxes. specifying relevant goals. A) to carry B) carrying A) be considered B) have considered C) to be carried D) being carried C) be considering D) considered
5. Adolescence ______as a transition from childhood An important distinction ______between short- to adulthood. 11. term memory and long-term memory. A) views B) is viewing A) be made B) being made C) is viewed D) viewed C) makes D) can be made
6. Many demonstrations ______in recent years in Many divorce laws require that one mate must protest against the level of pollution. 12. ______at fault for the divorce to be obtained. A) are held B) have held A) find B) have been found C) have been held D) held C) be finding D) be found 19 13. Teaching ______as the facilitation of learning. 19. Leisure time ______for self-betterment through such activities as education and cultural pursuits. A) defines B) has been defined C) is defining D) can define A) is increasingly utilized B) increasingly utilizes C) has increasingly utilized D) increasingly utilized
14. Schools ______the responsibility for teaching the predominant societal norms and values.
A) have given B) are giving C) are given D) given 20. Knowledge ______as basic to all the other ends or purposes of education.
A) quite frequently regards B) has quite frequently regarded 15. Galileo ______to as the father of modern science. C) is quite frequently regarded A) often refers B) has often referred D) quite frequently regarded C) often referred D) is often referred
16. The task of science, as we know, is to discover facts; 21. 21.The uniqueness of man ______in terms of his but a haphazard collection of facts cannot ______being able to talk. a science. A) has sometimes explained A) say that it constitutes B) sometimes explains B) be said to constitute C) is sometimes explained C) be said that it constitutes D) sometimes it is explained D) have said what constitutes.
22. Spoilage of foods ______by bacterial growth. 17. Crime must be defined before the criminal ______. A) usually caused B) being usually caused A) can identify B) will be identified C) has usually caused C) can be identified D) was identified D) is usually caused
18. It ______that the skin is not uniformly sensitive, even within a small area. 23. Helium ______to be the major constituent of the A) has long known stars. B) has been known long A) is believed B) is believed that C) has long been known C) believes D) that it is believed D) has known long 20 24. Judgements of other people ______by first 30. He is thought ______a chief proponent of the impressions, but these are subject to many kinds of communicative approach. errors. A) that he is B) to be A) often greatly influence C) being D) as being B) is often greatly influenced C) are often greatly influenced D) who are often greatly influenced
31. John ______to be offered a scholarship.
A) was surprising B) surprised
25. He works as an apprentice in a garage. Since he C) was surprised D) had surprised doesn’t go to school any longer he ______from his school because of his lack of attendance.
A) must expel B) must have expelled 32. News ______to all parts of the world thanks to highly developed means of communication. C) must have been expelled D) would have been expelled A) instantly transmits B) has instantly been transmitting C) is instantly transmitting 26. Professor Brown hates ______when he is D) is instantly transmitted lecturing.
A) having interrupted B) being interrupted C) to interrupt D) interrupting 33. The child ______playing with matches.
A) may severely punish B) may have severely punished 27. Behaviorists believe that personality ______in terms C) may be severely punished of stimuli, responses and reinforcement. D) may have punished severely A) can be an explanation of B) can be explained C) can explain D) can be explaining 34. The U. N. relief operation ______because of the fighting.
A) was disrupted B) disrupted C) was to disrupt D) was disrupting 28. He must ______for his bravery.
A) reward B) have rewarded C) be rewarded D) be rewarding 35. My friends ______to hear that I had passed all my exams.
A) astonished 29. They demanded that the work ______. B) who were astonished C) were astonished A) stopped B) has been stopped D) being astonished C) be stopped D) stops 21 Choose the word or phrase that best completes 6. How did you get your lawyer ____ care of the problem each sentence. so quickly?
A) to take B) take 1. She never has her hair ______.She does it herself. C) taken D) to be taken A) do B) doing C) to do D) done
7. What’s the best way to get a stubborn child ____ all of his dinner?
I’m afraid I’m going to have a tooth ______out. 2. A) eat B) to eat
A) to pull B) pulled C) eaten D) in order the eat C) pull D) pulling
3. I’m very lucky. I’ve never had to have my 8. Before the wedding ceremony, the bride and the bride TV.______. groom went to the photographer’s to have their photograph ______. A) repaired B) repair C) to repair D) get repaired A) to take B) taking C) taken D) to take
4. Her dress was too long, so she had it______. 9. I was very busy yesterday, so I had my mother A) shorten B) get shortened ______my shirt. C) to shorten D) shortened A) iron B) ironing C) ironed D) to iron
5. She had to have her phone number ______because she was receiving obscene calls from some stranger. 10. The conjuror made the rabbit ______.
A) change B) changed A) vanished B) to vanish C) to be changed D) to change C) vanishing D) vanish
22 11. I know my hair looks dreadful but I will have it _____ after I come back from work.
A) set B) had set C) to set D) be set
12. You’d better have the plumber ______the leak in the bathroom.
A) repair B) to repair C) repaired D) to be repaired
13. How did you get your Dad ____ you this car?
A) bought B) to buy C) to get bought D) to be bought
14. "Did you install your new computer yourself?" "No, I ______."
A) had installed it have it installed C) had it installed was installed
15. We’ll have a highly sophisticated computer system ______in our computer center.
A) install B) installed C) to install D) be installed
23 1. If I have enough apples tomorrow, I_____ an apple 6. George would certainly have attended the meeting pie for you. ______
A) bake B) would bake A) if he didn’t get a flat tire C) will bake D) am baking B) had he not had a flat tire C) had the tire not flattened itself D) if the flat tire hadn’t been
2. If I ______you were ill, I would have visited you.
A) knew B) have known 7. Unless we ______calmly and logically about your C) had known D) had been problem, we will not be able to resolve it.
A) talked B) has talked C) talk D) were talking
3. If it ______tomorrow , we’ll go on a picnic.
a-didn’t rain b-won’t be raining 8. I don’t have a pen, but if I ______, I would lend it c-won’t rain d-doesn’t rain to you.
A) would B) do C) did D) had had
4. If I had time, ______see that new movie at the Odeon. 9. The weather is cold today, but if it ______, I would A) I’ll B) I shall C) I may D) I’d go swimming.
A) weren’t B) hadn’t C) isn’t D) wouldn’t
5. ______he would have come to class.
A) If Mike is able to finish his homework 10. I called my husband to tell him I would be late. If I B) Would Mike be able to finish his homework ______he would have gotten worried about me. C) If Mike could finish his homework A) didn’t B) haven’t D) If Mike had been able to finish his homework C) hadn’t D) weren’t 24 11. If I had eaten breakfast this morning, I ______hungry 17. He didn’t go to a doctor, but if he ______, the cut on now. his hand wouldn’t have gotten infected.
A) wasn’t B) wouldn’t have been A) had B) has had C) wouldn’t be D) am not C) did D) would have had
12. I ______with you, but I had to study. 18. ______today, he would get there by Friday. A) would go B) might go C) would have gone D) could go A) Would he leave B) Were he to leave C) Was he leaving D) If he leaves
13. ______anyone call, please take a message.
A) If B) Should 19. Jill always answers the phone if she ______in her C) Could D) Might office.
A) were B) was C) is D) would be
14. ______I you, I wouldn’t do that.
A) Was B) Were C) Am D) Could be
20. Jill would answer the phone if she ______in her office right now.
A) were B) had been 15. ______about your problem, I might have been able to C) is D) would be help you.
A) If you told me B) Had you told me C) You had told me D) If you were to tell me
21. If Bobby Kennedy ______, he______the US President.
A) had not been killed / might have become. 16. I always pay my bills. If I ______, I would get in a lot B) wasn’t killed/ would become of trouble C) had not been killed / became A) didn’t B) don’t D) had not killed / could have become C) hadn’t D) weren’t E) had not been killed / could become 25 22. If he ______to the meeting last night, I ______26. She ______a bikini if she ______the courage to him. do so.
A) came / would see A) would have been worn / had had B) had come / would have to see B) would wear / had C) would have come / could have seen C) will wear / had D) came / could have seen D) wore / would have E) had come / would have seen E) wears / will have
23. We ______wine with the dinner, but unfortunately we ______any right now. 27. The government ______more drastic measures if the escalating violence ______. A) served / wouldn’t have B) would serve / haven’t had A) will take / curbs C) will serve / aren’t having B) would have taken / had curbed D) would serve / don’t have C) took / would be curbed E) would have served / don’t have D) will have to take / is to be curbed E) would have been taken / had been curbed
24. If I ______you even half of what I hear, you ______me.
I don’t have a car. If I _____one, I could go wherever I A) tell / haven’t believed 28. wanted. B) told / won’t believe C) were to tell / wouldn’t believe A) have B) had C) had had D) were to tell / didn’t believe D) will have E) have had E) told / wouldn’t have believed
29. I can’t find words to tell you how happy I am to get this 25. If he ______the crime, he ______in prison now. precious prize. I ______happier ______a millionaire this very day. A) didn’t commit / wasn’t A) wouldn’t have been / if I became B) hadn’t committed / isn’t B) wouldn’t be / were to have become C) hadn’t committed / wouldn’t have been C) won’t be / if I become D) didn’t commit / wouldn’t be D) wouldn’t be / if I have become E) hadn’t committed / wouldn’t be E) would not be / were I to become 26 30. I ______it unless you really ______me to. 34. Fighting ______in Rwanda in two or three months unless a political settlement______soon. A) wouldn’t do / want B) didn’t do / had wanted A) will resume / will be reached C) wouldn’t have done / wanted B) would resume / reached D) don’t do / will want C) may resume / is reached E) won’t do / want D) might resume / has reached E) can resume / isn’t reached
31. ______me earlier, I ______there. 35. Unless I ______a new car, I ______to a A) Had you warned / wouldn’t have gone garage for repairs. B) If you warned / wouldn’t go A) can afford / often had to go C) If you have warned / wouldn’t go B) can’t afford / will often have to go D) Were you to warn / didn’t go C) can afford / will often have to go E) If you had been warned / wouldn’t have gone D) could have afforded / would often go E) couldn’t afford / would often have to go
32. Unless their demands ______the union members will go on strike.
A) meet B) were met C) will be met D) are met E) aren’t met
33. Unless the majority of the members vote for the candidate, he ______in the elections ______next Sunday.
A) won’t be elected / will be held B) couldn’t be elected / which will hold C) isn’t elected / to hold D) cannot be elected / to be held E) can’t elect / to be held
27 Choose the alternative that best completes each 6. It’s raining. I wish it ______raining soon. sentence. A) will stop B) stopped
1. I wish that I ______with you last night. C) would stop D) stops
A) went B) could have gone C) could go D) was going
7. We’re giving a big party for Mary next Saturday . I wish you ______to the party as well.
A) will come B) could come 2. My brother is in Antalya on vacation, but I wish he ______here now so that he could help me repair C) can come D) will be able to come my car.
A) is B) were C) had been D) would be
8. We’re going to be late. I wish you ______.
3. I wish that you ______such a bad headache last A) hurry B) would hurry night because I’m sure you would have enjoyed the C) will hurry D) might concert.
A) haven’t B) hadn’t had C) hadn’t D) haven’t had
9. I’m trying to study. I wish you ______that record player.
4. She wishes that we ______her the candy yesterday A) will turn down B) turn down because she’s on a diet. C) would turn down D) turned down
A) wouldn’t have sent B) hadn’t sent C) didn’t send D) weren’t sending
5. If only man had been a bit less greedy, more bird and 10. Mary stayed up late last night, so she feels tired animal species ______extinction. today. She wishes she ______to bed earlier.
A) might have been avoided B) might avoid A) went B) would have gone C) might have avoided D) had avoided C) had gone D) should gone 28 11. I turned down his request, but now I wish I ______16. My feet hurt. I wish that I ______those new shoes so. when I went shopping.
A) wouldn’t have done A) didn’t wear B) hadn’t been doing B) shouldn’t have worn C) didn’t do C) didn’t wear D) haven’t done D) wasn’t wearing E) hadn’t done E) hadn’t worn
17. I can’t afford to take a holiday this year. I wish I 12. We’re lost. I wish we ______a map with us. ______more money last year.
A) would bring B) could bring A) would save B) had saved C) had brought D) have brought C) saved D) have saved E) brought E) had been saved
13. I wish you ______to my party next week. 18. It’s a pity I wasted all my time watching television yesterday. I now wish I ____ my lessons instead. A) could come B) will come A) had studied B) studied C) are coming D) come C) was studying D) study E) should come E) should study
19. I wish you ______on holiday with us next summer. 14.I’m too sick to go to school, but I wish I ______14. We’ll miss you a lot. well enough to do so. A) are going B) could go C) will go A) will feel B) had felt D) go E) have gone C) am feeling D) have brought E) felt
20. If only she ______back when her husband shouted at her yesterday.
15. Bill refused your offer, but now he wishes that he A) wouldn’t have answered ______it. B) wasn’t answering C) didn’t answer A) will accept B) had accepted D) hadn’t answered C) has accepted D) accepted E) doesn’t answer E) would accept 29 1. He’s ______I am. 6. An elephant can lift ______a ton with its tusks.
A) most ambitious A) so much that B) as many B) more ambitious C) most D) as much as C) the most ambitious D) more ambitious than
7. The kilometer is ______as the mile. 2. We were fortunate ______from the fire before the building collapsed. A) shorter than B) the lesser length C) not as long D) much shorter A) to have rescued B) to rescue C) to have been rescued D) having rescued
3. I ______enjoy looking around museums. 8. After years of great unhappiness in her life, Mrs. Palmer one day just seemed to go ______. A) very B) quite C) a lot D) so A) mad B) madly C) mader D) madness
4. The majority of the students responded to the Dean’s call for greater participation in cultural activities ______than expected. 9. Language policy has been a subject of ______debate in multilingual nations. A) enthusiastically
B) the most enthusiastically A) sharp B) sharper C) more enthusiastically C) sharpest D) as sharp as D) more enthusiastic
5. The errors you have made in this composition are not 10. The plan calls for a ______defense than the one ______serious ______those you made in the we currently have. previous one. A) stronger B) strongest A) so / that B) such / as C) stronger than D) as strong C) neither / nor D) so / as 30 11. Of all the amplifiers, this product with its wide range 16. ______powerful member of the entire cat family is provides ______stability within the audible the tiger. spectrum. A) Most B) The most A) the greatest B) the greater C) More D) The more C) greater D) greatest
17. Helen types ______than all the other secretaries in 12. I write English ______he does. our office.
A) better than B) as good as A) more accurate B) more accurately C) the best D) as well C) the more accurately D) the most accurately
13. I have ______education than my husband. 18. Öztürk is ______last name in Turkey.
A) most B) much A) most common B) more common C) more D) the more C) the most common D) the most
14. We don’t have ______religion. 19. Istanbul is ______city in Turkey.
A) the same B) alike A) big B) the bigger C) same D) the same as C) biggest D) the biggest
15. He’s ______than I am. 20. A nurse should be ______a doctor.
A) stronger B) more strongly A) patient as B) more patient C) as strong as D) strongest C) more patient than D) the most patient of
31 21. Men don’t live ______women. 26. Drying of meats and vegetables is no longer considered one of ______of preserving food. A) longest B) as long as C) as long D) longer A) the ways are useful B) the most useful ways C) the ways most useful D) most are useful ways
22. Ali’s bicycle cost twice ______Can’s.
A) more than B) as many as
C) as much as D) more as 27. The atmosphere is denser near the surface of the earth than _____
A) it is farther away B) further away from it C) denser farther away D) is farther away
23. There are now ______methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.
A) more sophisticated than 28. He’s ______about chess than I am. B) much more sophisticated C) much sophisticated A) most enthusiastic D) sophisticated B) an enthusiastic as C) the most enthusiastic D) more enthusiastic
24. Ayla is ______of the two girls standing over there.
A) old B) the older 29. Helen is ______student in her class. C) the oldest D) older A) intelligent B) the most intelligent C) most intelligent D) more intelligent
25. The ostrich is ______of all living birds. 30. John is one of ______students in our school. A) the largest B) the largest that is C) largest D) larger than A) successful B) the more successful C) most successful D) the most successful
32 31. Children are ______to abuse than adults. 36. The successive earthquakes did ______damage than the original shock. A) the more vulnerable B) the most vulnerable A) much B) the more C) the most C) more vulnerable D) more E) most D) too vulnerable E) so vulnerable
37. For some illnesses, penicillin is considered to be ______than other medicines.
32. Switzerland is one of ______countries in the A) potent B) the more potent world. C) most potent D) more potent
A) more affluent B) affluent E) the most potent C) most affluent D) the more affluent E) the most affluent
38. Natural gas, which is far more abundant than anyone thought a decade ago, is ______hydrocarbon Coal is ______fossil fuel on earth. 33. available.
A) the more abundant A) the clean B) the cleaner B) the most abundant C) the cleanest D) cleanest C) more abundant E) cleaner D) most abundant E) abundant
39. Women who eat plenty of vegetables are far 34. I have never met ______person than Bill. ______likely to experience anxiety or depression. A) more obstinate B) the more obstinate C) a more obstinate D) a very obstinate A) lesser B) the less C) least E) such an obstinate D) little E) less
35. Corn is ______crop in the Black Sea region. 40. It’s ______more difficult than we expected. A) the most prevalent B) the more prevalent C) more prévalent D) most prévalent A) quite B) even C) fairly E) prévalent D) little E) by far
33 41. He defended his economic policy ______46. We managed to get ______a lot of information for vigorously that he was able to convince even some of the survey. the skeptics that the economy would recover from the long lasting recession. A) much B) fairly C) rather D) quite E) highly A) such B) very C) more D) so E) too
47. I must admit, the play wasn’t ______what we 42. She is ______the best candidate. expected.
A) far B) very C) by far A) much B) quite C) rather D) even E) fairly D) fairly E) more
48. I ______like math’ , but I don’t like the teacher. 43. Let’s get a bus. It’s ______too far to walk. A) much B) fairly C) very A) much B) very C) far D) a lot E) quite D) more E) fairly
44. It’s ______wetter in Britain than in Turkey. 49. It’s ______the most interesting museum I’ve ever visited. A) very B) quite C) too D) more E) far A) far B) fairly C) rather D) quite E) all
45. The information was ______accurate. 50. She ______enjoys cooking.
A) much B) little C) fairly A) quite B) fairly C) a little D) far E) a lot D) much E) pretty
34 Choose the alternative that best completes each 7. The president refused to accept the decision sentence. ______.
A) which proposed by the committee 1. This is the address to ______I want this package sent. B) who the committee proposed C) which the committee proposed A) it B) where D) proposed the committee C) which D) that
2. Pablo Picasso ______works are admired all over the world was a great Spanish painter. 8. We were impressed by the traditional architecture of India ______is in this picture. A) who B) whose
C) whom D) of whom A) which example B) an example of which C) examples of which D) that its example
3. We have now reached a stage ______we can anticipate further progress. 9. The famous yacht was named after the coastal town ______. A) which B) on which
C) where D) what A) it was built there B) where was it built C) where it built D) where it was built
4. A higher crime rate exists in cities ______a large 10. Turkey, ______we visited last summer, is the percentage of unemployed. cradle of many ancient civilizations.
A) that they have B) have A) where B) which C) that have D) where it has C) what D) that
5. Mr.Smith, ______leadership has been seriously 11. I met the woman ______husband is the president of challenged, may be forced to resign. the corporation.
A) whose B) who A) whose B) who C) whom D) that his C) whom her D) whom
6. The Democrats hope to win an overwhelming majority 12. Geomorphology is the study of the changes that in parliament in the elections ______next October ______on the surface of the earth.
A) to hold B) to be held A) taking place B) takes place C) holding D) will be held C) take place D) they take place
35 13. The Andromeda Nebula, ______more than two 19. One problem ______immediately is drug abuse. million light years away, can be seen from the northern hemisphere. A) is that we must tackle B) that we must tackle A) a galaxy B) is a galaxy C) which must tackle C) a galaxy is D) a galaxy which D) that we must tackle it.
20. ______, Mohammed Ali Clay decided to take up 14. Daniel Webster, ______for his brilliant oratory, professional boxing in 1964. made his most famous speech in the Senate in 1830. A) That he was virtually unbeatable as a boxer A) who knew B) known B) As a boxer he was virtually unbeatable C) was known D) having known C) Virtually unbeatable as a boxer D) He was virtually unbeatable as a boxer
15. Helen Keller could imagine things ______had never experienced. 21. Every person has a number of variations in his A) although she B) she personality, ______may impede successful group adjustment. C) which D) what
A) some which B) some of which C) some of them D) which some
16. The horse ______the race belongs to a rich man.
A) that it won B) it won A slipped disk is a condition ______the C) that it was the winner of D) which won 22. intervertebral disk protrudes and presses on nerves.
A) what B) which is C) in which D) that 17. The economic recession was the focus of the debate , ______.
A) surprised no one The Titanic, ______went down at sea in 1912, is B) which surprised no one 23. reputed to have had great wealth on board. C) that surprised no one D) what surprised no one A) that B) which C) who D) what
18. ______, Hong Kong acts as a gateway in to and out of the Republic of China. 24. Was Columbus the first man ______the New World? A) Strategically located B) It is located strategically A) discover B) discovered C) Where strategically located C) to discover D) who discovers D) That it is located strategically 36 25. Theories ______the nature of the universe are 31. ______to walk on the moon, Neil Armstrong is constantly revised by scientists. known by everyone.
A) describing B) that they describe A) The first man B) That he is the first man C) are described D) described C) He is the first man D) For he is the first man
26. Peas ______lose much of their flavor.
A) which overcooked B) have been overcooked 32. He’s the man ______. C) that they have been overcooked D) which have been overcooked A) I was talking about him B) that I was talking about him C) I was talking about 27. Ants are most numerous in regions ______. D) who was talking about
A) have a warm climate B) that have a warm climate C) a warm climate have D) where a warm climate 33. She has borrowed two books from the library, ______is relevant to her research topic.
A) neither of them B) neither of which C) neither of that D) which neither 28. A political campaign ______will be costly.
A) which last for months B) lasting for months C) lasts for months D) will last for months
34. Students ______are dismissed from the university.
A) that their grades are poor 29. ______for immediate use is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver. B) whose poor grades C) whose grades are poor A) Glucose which it is not needed D) whose poor grades are B) Glucose not needed C) Glucose not needing D) Glucose is not needed
35. The language of Sumerians, ______, is unrelated 30. The house, ______has collapsed, will be repaired to any known language. soon. A) which remains obscure origin A) the roof of it B) the roof of which B) whose origin remains obscure C) which the roof D) which its roof C) that its origin remains obscure D) of which origin remains obscure 37 36. The genetic engineers are engaged in significant 42. This animal, which ______as the Russian experiments, ______will be published in the antelope, is famous for the medicinal properties Journal of Science soon. attributed to its horns.
A) which results B) the results of which A) is also known B) also it is known C) that their results D) of which results C) known also D) it is also known
37. The company has hired fifty new employees, 43. Large blocks of ice were usually used for refrigeration ______highly qualified. until the 1900 s, ______.
A) most of them are B) that most of them A) the electric refrigerator being invented then C) most of whom are D) most of them being B) that the electric refrigerator was invented C) the electric refrigerator was invented D) when the electric refrigerator was invented
38. Factories emit smoke ______the air we breathe.
A) which pollute B) that pollutes C) pollute D) what is polluted
44. Ali is trustworthy. He is a person upon ______you can always depend.
A) who B) that C) him D) whom 39. Only one dangerous reptile, ____, is found worldwide.
A) being the snake B) the snake C) which the snake D) that the snake is
45. ______to curb inflation proved ineffective.
A) The government took measures B) The measures were taken by the government 40. It was the best play ______that year. C) The measures taken by the government A) having performed B) which performed D) When the government took the measures C) to be performed D) performing
41. Anyone ______in fashion is welcome. 46. He’s the second man ______in this way.
A) who interested B) interested A) to kill B) who killed C) interests D) is interesting C) to have killed D) to be killed 38 47. ______in Great Britain and United States, Professor 53. The house has two bedrooms, ______is very Yılmaz is a highly distinguished Turkish scholar. beautifully decorated.
A) That he was educated A) the larger of which B) the larger of them B) He was educated C) that the larger D) the largest of which C) Educated E) the larger D) Educating
54. The man ______we had thought was guilty 48. Lake Balkal, ______in the world, is faced with the turned out to be innocent. danger of serious contamination. A) whose B) of whom C) who A) that is the largest fresh water reservoir D) what E) which B) the largest fresh water reservoir C) being the largest fresh water reservoir D) that it is the largest fresh water reservoir 55. The university ______he studies has a reputation for its high standards.
A) which B) what C) in that Ali sold all his books, ______was very unwise of 49. D) why E) where him.
A) what B) which C) that D) which it
56. She has three sisters, one of ______is a doctor. 50. Ruritania, ______because of ethnic differences, faces the prospect of civilization. A) them B) who C) whom D) whose E) which A) dividing B) which divided C) divided D) that is divided
57. People ______suffer from schizophrenia are prone 51. I’ve met him on several occasions ______we had a to suicide. chance of exchanging ideas. A) which B) who C) whom A) which B) when C) where D) who they E) they D) in which E) by which
52. The village ______is now a major winter resort. 58. The bus _____ the tourists were traveling collided with a minibus overtaking a truck. A) I was born there B) that I was born C) I was born in D) I was born in it A) by which B) in it C) which E) that I was born in it D) with which E) on which 39 59. The apple trees ______branches were laden with 64. Sunday is the day ______most people prefer to ripe apples covered a large area in the orchard. rest.
A) whose B) which C) of which A) in which B) when C) which D) which their E) e-its D) during E) where
60. We don’t know the reason ______he rejected the 65. He told the children a funny story ______they all offer. laughed.
A) why B) by which C) which A) why B) which C) that D) what E) for it D) what E) at which
66. There is no one here______.
A) whom I can confide 61. The practitioner ______has been specializing in microsurgery has gained great dexterity in performing B) I can confide in him operations. C) I can confide in D) whom I can confide to A) which B) who C) whom E) for me to confide D) whose E) he
62. It is Jack ______deserves credit for this quite I owe my success to professor Ertürk without ______significant accomplishment. 67. suggestions this thesis would not have materialized. A) whose B) whom C) who A) whom B) whose C) his D) who he E) that he D) who E) him
63. The University has a large concert hall ______The adder is a venomous snake ______bite may weekly concerts are given throughout the academic 68. prove fatal to humans. year. A) its B) that its C) whose A) which B) from where C) in that D) which E) with which D) in which E) that 40 69. ______an endangered species in the United States, 73. The building ______windows were all broken the ginseng root has been gathered almost to the suffered extensive damage during the rioting point of extinction. A) on which B) whose C) that its A) Declaring D) its E) which B) Having declared C) That it was declared D) Why it has been declared E) Declared
74. Crimes ______the use of force or the threat of 70. Vitamins are organic compounds ______and must force are known as crimes of violence. be ingested to maintain proper bodily functions. A) involving B) which involves A) that can’t be produced by the body C) involved D) that they involve B) the body can’t produce them E) what involves C) that they can’t be produced by the body D) not produce them in the body E) that the body cannot produce them
75. Most stress or frustration is likely to arise in situations 71. Individuals ______from malnutrition cannot function ______you are responsible but have no authority efficiently because they are weak, easily fatigued, and to use your own discretion. highly susceptible to infection. A) what B) which C) in which A) suffer B) which suffer D) by which E) when C) who were suffer D) suffering E) suffered
72. This is one of the situations ______the actual usage preference of native speakers differs from the traditional prescription.
A) on which B) from which C) which D) in that E) where
41 Choose the word or phrase which best completes 6. Having arrived at the football stadium barely in time, each sentence. ______.
A) the two teams were just starting as we sat down 1. Being in no great hurry,______. B) we reached our seats just as the game started. A) the long leisurely stroll was our preference C) the officials had already blown the whistle for the B) we took a leisurely stroll along the river game to start C) the road along the river was an ideal place for a D) the gatekeeper took our tickets as we passed leisurely stroll D) our preference was taking a leisurely stroll
7. Having been served tea,______. 2. While driving to Bursa, ______. A) the problem was discussed by the teachers A) Okan’s right leg was seriously injured B) the teachers discussed the problems B) it happened that Okan’s car broke down C) it was decided by the teachers that the problem C) the storm caught Okan on the way would be discussed D) Okan had an accident due to carelessness D) a discussion of the problem was made by the teachers
3. Upon returning from Germany, ______. 8. Several demonstrations were held,______the A) she found a good job police a lot of problems. B) a good job was offered to her A) causing B) and causing C) it was lucky of her to find a good job C) that caused D) caused D) the job she was offered was wonderful
4. After seeing the movie,______. 9. A computer system in the control tower at an airport identifies each plane as it approaches and gives A) the reading of the book interested him information about its altitude and speed, ______the B) the book made him want to read it air traffic controllers to give safe directions for landing. C) he wanted to read the book D) the book was read by him A) for permitting B) permitting C) permitted D) permits
5. Having completed his military service,______. 10. Computers, ______in banking, business and A) he started his own business government, perform an enormous number of B) his family was happy functions. C) it was time for him to look for a job A) using B) which used D) the firm offered him a good job C) used D) are used 42 11. Harry, ______by the award, did not know how to 16. Hit on the head by one of the assailants,______. express his feeling. A) his friends took him to hospital A) was surprised B) having surprised B) it was a terrible sight C) who surprised D) surprised C) the teacher fainted D) his wife called for a doctor
12. ______the work, we went home. ______in the 16th century by Sinan, the Selimiye A) Was completed B) Being completed 17. Mosque is regarded as a masterpiece of Ottoman C) Completed D) Completing architecture.
A) The fact that it was built B) Built C) Having built D) To be built
13. ______the coffee, he washed the cup and put it away. 18. The car ______yesterday has not been found yet. A) Drunk B) Drinking C) Having drunk D) Being drunk A) was stolen B) which stole C) having stolen D) stolen
14. Most of the medical care that ______these young practitioners is intended to prevent disease.
The referee ______ill, the match had to be A) provides B) is provided by 19. postponed. C) is provided D) provided by A) to be B) was C) being D) was being
15. ______all through his life, he doesn’t trust anybody. 20. When ______under an electronic microscope, a piece of iron can be seen to be made up of many tiny A) Having been disappointed magnetic areas called domains. B) Disappointing C) He was disappointed A) viewed B) it viewed D) That he was disappointed C) viewing D) its view 43 21. The materials ______for the project will be provided 26. A therapist ______young children may use play by the firm. therapy, which encourages young patients to express their feelings through their play activities. A) needing B) which needed C) needed D) are needed A) deals with B) has dealt with C) dealt with D) dealing with
22. Steel, ______with chromium, produces a no 27. Doctors ______guilty of behavior contrary to corrosive substance known as stainless steel. Hippocratic Oath lose their license.
A) is combined B) that is combined A) find B) finding C) to combine D) combined C) found D) are found
23. The principal problems ______man as he ascends into the sky are related to altitude and speed. 28. ______membership in the Sports Club, Joe Sampson made a claim of racial discrimination. A) confront B) confronted C) confronting D) which are confronted A) He denied B) Denied C) He was denied D) That he was denied
24. ______from a distance, the town seemed lovely. 29. ______all over the world, George sees many A) View B) Viewed remarkable people. C) To view D) Viewing A) He travels B) That he travels C) Traveled D) Traveling
25. The elections will be held on November 6, as ______. 30. I managed to get rid of the man ______me.
A) scheduled B) they scheduled A) followed B) that he was following C) they had scheduled D) having scheduled C) following D) was following 44 31. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, 36. He hesitated, not ______what to do. ______it possible for many infectious diseases to be cured. A) having known B) to be known C) knowing D) being known A) made B) making E) knew C) has made D) was made
37. ______daily, vitamin pills can improve your 32. Once ______a dream, space travel is now a health. reality. A) Taking B) Having taken A) considering B) considered C) To be taken D) Taken C) was considered D) having considered E) To take
38. ______on strike, many people had to get to work 33. In biology, a cell is defined as the smallest unit of life using other means of transportation. ______all the components required for independent existence. A) The bus drivers being B) That the bus drivers were A) contains B) is contained C) The bus drivers were C) which is contained D) containing D) The bus drivers who were E) The bus drivers were to be
34. Man-made products ______through advanced technology often have unanticipated side effects that 39. ______out from all the work, John decided to relax require additional technology to control. for a while.
A) are developing B) were developed A) Wearing B) Having worn C) developed D) that they are developed C) To wear D) Worn E) When he is worn
35. ______in a recent science competition, three 40. Helen danced joyfully, never ______what was about students were awarded scholarships totaling $ to happen. 21.000. A) suspected A) Judged the best B) having been suspected B) They were judged the best C) was suspected C) Judging the best D) to be suspected D) Having judged the best E) suspecting 45 41. When ______a new car, it is best to seek expert 46. ______beforehand, I knew how to react. advice. A) Having been warned A) you bought B) buying B) That I was warned C) to buy D) are you buying C) Warning E) to be bought D) Having warned E) Having been warning
42. She sat motionless, ______for their decision. ______that they must achieve impossible goals and A) waiting B) to wait C) was waiting 47. unable to cope with the normal frustrations of life, D) waited E) and waiting people become anxious, angry, and / or depressed.
A) Convincing B) Having convinced C) Convinced D) They are convinced E) Since they convince
43. ______for half an hour, the concert started at eight-thirty. 48. ______his decision to resign from his post, he left A) It was delayed the room with a sad expression on his face. B) Having been delayed C) Delaying A) Having announced D) Having delayed B) To be announced E) Since it delayed C) Announced D) Having been announced E) The fact that he announced
44. ______no telephone in the newly constructed 49. The house______poorly had to be repaired building, I was unable to call my parents. immediately.
A) That there was B) There not being A) was constructed C) There was D) There being B) which constructed E) There is C) constructing D) having constructed E) constructed
50. The inspector ______with your complaint has just gone away on holiday. 45. A man ______a large suitcase entered the room. A) dealing B) deals A) was carrying B) carrying C) which deals D) dealt C) to be carried D) carried E) to be dealt E) that he carried 46 51. We will need someone ______our daughter 56. The smartest way ______situations like this is to during the award ceremony. speak to the manager first.
A) to be baby-sat B) baby-sat A) approached B) having approached C) having baby-sat D) baby-sitting C) approaching D) to be approached E) to baby-sit E) to approach
52. If you leave the letters ______on my desk. I will put 57. ______cheerfully in the spring sunshine, the them away first thing tomorrow morning. paper boy handed her "The Guardian."
A) filing B) having filed A) To sing B) To have sung C) to have filed D) to be filed C) Sung D) Singing E) to be filing E) To be singing
58. A scholar-explorer with an inborn love of adventure, 53. Her husband, ______a garage of his own, repairs Richard Burton was the first European______her car for her. forbidden Muslim cities in Africa unharmed.
A) to have B) having C) have A) being penetrated B) to penetrate D) has E) to have had C) penetrated D) penetrate E) to be penetrated
54. Various games ______soccer have been played for more than 2.000 years, probably starting in China ,but the modern game developed in England. 59. All decisions ______at this meeting will be published in the club’s quarterly bulletin. A) resembling B) resembled C) to resemble D) resemble A) made B) making E) being resembled C) to make D) having made E) to be making
55. ______in a ‘no-parking’ zone, the Boss’s car was 60. ______it to be certain that the horse was a towed away. winner, the man bet his entire wages on it.
A) To be parked B) Parking A) To have believed B) To believe C) Having been parked D) To be parking C) Believing D) Believed E) To park E) To be believed
47 61. Yesterday the player, ______with the singer for 66. Before the lecture, You’ll be given some notes some time, announced his engagement. ______Freud’s theory of the Ego and Alter Ego.
A) linking B) to be linked A) explaining B) to be explained C) having linked D) linked C) explained D) being explained E) to link E) having explained
62. The vase, ______for £2 in a Jumble sale, was 67. ______of the dangers many times by his mother, valued by the expert at £1500. Cameron never swam in the river.
A) bought B) buying A) To warn B) Having been warned C) to buy D) having bought C) To have warned D) Having warned E) to be bought E) To be warning
63. Johnny, ______Italian, didn’t enjoy the Opera as much as Sonya did. 68. The bridge, ______to the town by the Horticultural Society in 1882, crosses the river from the road to the A) not being understood park. B) not to understand C) not to be understood A) having given B) given C) to give D) not understand D) giving E) to be giving E) not understanding
69. ______the required score in the qualifying round, the former champion will not take place in the final.
64. ______ten times as fast as the old printer, the A) Not to reach new printer has made our office much more efficient. B) Not being reached
A) To print B) Printing C) Not having been reached C) Being printed D) To be printed D) Not having reached E) Printed E) Not to be reaching
70. ______in superstitions, Jess walked confidently under the ladder. 65. ______several competitions as an amateur, he decided to play professionally. A) Not to believe B) Not to be believing
A) To win B) Won C) Having won C) Not believing D) Not believed D) Being won E) To be won E) Not believe
48 71. All the people ______to the committee are experts 76. In every society religion is important in regulating in this subject. behavior in ways ______with society’s moral codes. A) appointing B) having appointed C) to appoint D) to be appointing A) that consistent B) are consistent E) appointed C) consistent D) in which consistent E) what is consistent
72. It would be nice if I had someone ______on to look after the shop when we go on holiday. 77. They changed the ending of the play, ______it A) having relied B) to rely C) relied ridiculous. D) to be relied E) relying A) making B) it made C) made D) which was made E) what made
73. The sand on this beach, ______specially from Spain, is golden and not the black volcanic sand of most of the beaches on this Island.
In time we reached a stage ______violence began A) to bring B) bringing 78. to take a heavy toll. C) having brought D) brought E) to be bringing A) which B) where C) on which D) what E) why
74. Stockhoim is a city of broad streets and substantial buildings ______of white granite, brick or stone 79. My phone is out of order now, ______is quite a that give the city a clean, uncrowned appearance. nuisance.
A) making B) to make A) it B) the fact that C) what C) made D) having made D) of which E) which E) to be making
80. Two of the biggest share holders are concerned that 75. None of the men ______on the building site have a the merger might mean higher costs, ______they work permit. would oppose it.
A) working B) work A) at which point B) by which time C) being worked D) be worked C) at which time D) in which case E) to be working E) what
49 Choose the word or phrase that best completes 6. No one was sure ______Ali would come to the party each sentence. or not.
A) why B) what time 1. The trouble is ______we’re short of money. C) whether D) when A) which B) if C) that D) what
7. ______we have accomplished is of great 2. ______surprised me most was that they were so significance. cheerful about their loss. A) That B) What A) What B) It C) If D) Since C) That D) The fact
3. ______he has signed the contract does not 8. ______the peace treaty was signed was important. matter. A) That B) Because A) Whether B) If C) If D) Although C) When D) Although
4. ______frequently escapes comment. 9. It’s amazing ______he sold his car for such a price. A) The fact that B) The fact that computer revolution A) what B) that C) That the computer revolution is in its infancy C) how D) for D) Although the computer revolution is in its infancy
5. She explained what ______in case of an emergency. 10. It’s urgent ______the electricity bill immediately.
A) to be doing B) should we do A) we shall pay D) that we pay C) to do D) has to do C) our paying E) us to pay
50 11. Give ______answers the phone the message. 16. ______seems clear is that he has no intention of resigning. A) who B) whatever C) whoever D) whose A) What B) That C) The fact D) What it
17. ______certain ants have come to cultivate fungi as their sole diet has been a subject of a great deal of He didn’t know whether ______glad or sorry at his 12. speculation. dismissal. A) How B) However A) he feels B) feeling C) No matter how D) It is C) should feel D) to feel
18. ______dinosaurs today is the product of a vital interaction between science and art. 13. ______wrote this article knows his subject. A) How the perception of A) Whoever B) Who B) Its perception C) Any person D) Somebody C) It is perceived D) How we perceive
14. This is something quite irrelevant to ______is being 19. I hope that you have read the contract and understand discussed. ______it means. A) which B) what A) that B) what C) that D) the thing C) how D) which
15. The reason why many high school graduates in 20. Behavioral scientists say that it is essential that an Turkey want to study at METU is ______it is an infant ______loving attention. English medium university. A) be given B) is given A) due to B) because C) will be given D) has given C) that D) for 51 21. It’s absolutely necessary his parents ______to 26. He doesn’t know whether ______or______school immediately. away.
A) called B) be called A) apologize / walk C) are called D) will be called B) to apologize / walk C) apologizing / walking D) to apologize / walking
22. ______these objectives have been achieved is an indication of proper planning.
I went to my adviser to ask him ______. A) That B) The fact 27.
C) What D) Since A) what courses should I take B) I should take what courses C) should I take what courses D) what courses I should take
23. The reason they are not coming is ______they are angry with the hosts.
A) why B) that C) because D) for 28. I know how ______at this time of the year.
A) busy you are B) you are busy C) are you busy D) that you are busy
24. A: "I saw your neighbor’s son break your window with a ball." Because of his blind adherence to ______has been B: "______it made me really mad." 29. taught, this artist will never be truly creative or inventive. A) His break B) What he broke
C) That he broke D) he broke A) what B) that C) it D) which
25. ______distinguishes man from other animals is his 30. I’d like to purchase some souvenirs. Could you tell me ability to speak. where ______for them.
A) It B) That A) I’m look B) to look C) What D) Why it C) should I look D) to be looked 52 31. We believe ______children learn better when they 36. The crucial issue to be discussed at this morning’s are motivated. board meeting is ______the merger plan should go ahead ______planned.
A) which B) that A) whether / as B) if / like C) if D) what C) that / like D) if / as it E) whether / such as
37. The strange thing about the teacher was______he was not even aware of his own mistakes let alone ______she feels upset about her short-lived love 32. those of his students. is clear. A) how B) that C) which A) The fact that B) What D) what E) when C) If D) How
38. ______helps the handicapped deserves our admiration. 33. ______fulfill his promises is doubtful. A) Who B) Anybody A) If he can B) Whether he can C) One D) Whoever C) What he can D) Can be E) No matter who
39. ______you are still alive is a matter of sheer luck. 34. I’m of the opinion ______drastic are needed in our educational system. A) How B) Whether C) That D) When E) Why A) what B) whatever C) that D) which
40. ______excuse he makes will not be believed since he is notoriously dishonest. 35. I wonder ______us the truth or not. A) What B) Which C) How A) that has told B) if he has told D) Whatever E) Why C) what has told D) has he told 53 41. The idealistic teacher was feeling disillusioned with 46. ______books I have in the house are borrowed teaching at the university and wondering ______to from the public library. retire. A) Which B) No matter which A) whether B) if C) so as C) Whatever D) How many D) why E) however E) All of
47. I have no idea ______committed this brutal act. 42. The principal made ______appeared to be a judicious decision. A) whichever B) who C) whoever D) whatsoever E) that A) which B) it C) what D) that E) whatever
48. Can you tell me where ______computer software?
43. The judge ruled that the defendant ______on bail. A) should I look for B) I’m looking C) to look for D) to be looked for A) would release B) who was released E) is looked for C) released D) had released E) be released
49. We discussed ______we should close the shop, considering the decline in sales. 44. The suggestion that the new rule ______came from one of the young teachers. a-about whether b-what A) would be adopted B) was adopted c-that C) adopted D) be adopted d-about why E) adopt e-whether
45. ______I’ll be able to come depends on a number We were horrified to hear about ______he had been of factors. 50. treated in jail. A) Whether B) If C) That A) how B) that C) whether D) Who E) What D) what E) who 54 Choose the alternative best completes each 6. Don’t be surprised if he leaves without ______sentence. good-bye.
A) he says B) to say 1. She was made ______from dawn to dusk. C) he will say D) saying A) work B) working C) to work D) worked
7. He has never been known ______a lie.
A) tell B) to tell 2. Why don’t you let him ______to the dance? C) telling D) being told A) go B) to go C) going D) goes
8. The criminals are said ______in the dense forest.
Ayla! Do you happen ______Aynur’s phone 3. A) that they are hiding B) to be hidden number? C) hiding D) hidden A) knowing B) that you know C) to know D) if you know
9. Don’t let yourself ______by your failure. 4. The police______on their handling of the affair. A)discouraged C) being discouraged A) congratulate C) to be discouraged D) be discouraged B) are to be congratulated C) are congratulating D) are to congratulate
10. He ______all the money he inherited from his parents.
A) is said to have been spent It’s necessary ______the system, isn’t it? 5. B) said to have spent
A) altered B) altering C) is said to have spent C) to alter D) to be altered D) is said that he spent 55 11. An all night curfew ______yesterday following the 16. "What is the most useful modern invention?" violent clashes between the rival ethnic groups. "Can you imagine ______without electricity?"
A) is reported to have been declared A) to live B) yourself to live B) was reported to have declared C) living D) live C) is reported to declare D) is reported to be declared
17. John is against ______the existing system. 12. John was assumed ______a Welshman because of his surname. A) to change B) changing C) change D) we change A) to be B) being C) that he was D) his being
18. "Did you sweep the floor?" "No, It didn’t need_____." 13. The robbers are thought ______several banks before they were caught by the police yesterday. A) to clean B) to be cleaned C) cleaned D) being cleaned A) to rob B) to be robbed C) having robbed D) to have robbed
19. The five man crew of the research satellite are reported ______in good condition.
14. Now that I’ve retired, I miss______people. A) being B) having been C) to be D) that they are A) to meet B) that I can’t meet C) meeting D) to be able to meet
20. During the Middle Ages, a whole science called 15. "Why did you close the door?" alchemy grew up around efforts ______by "I’m tired ______to the baby crying." artificial means.
A) to listen B) of listening A) gold to make B) to making gold C) being listened D) listening C) to make gold D) gold to be made 56 21. Although the subscription department claims 26. The lenses of this microscope need ______. ______our order, we are still getting the magazi- ne. A) to adjust B) adjust C) adjusting D) adjusted A) not receiving B) was receiving C) having received D) not to have received
22. Bill: "Let’s go and have lunch." 27. John was the first student ______for the Ed: "I’ll join you later. I mustn’t stop ______on this scholarship. for another ten minutes." A) to apply B) in applying A) to be working B) to have worked C) applied D) to be applied C) to work D) working
23. The government asked the people to be sure to I enjoy ______pictures. avoid______any water which had not been boiled. 28.
A) to draw B) drawing A) drinking B) not to be drunk C) being drawn D) that I draw C) having drunk D) to drink
24. The sign said that unauthorized persons were prohibited ______that restricted area. 29. We are looking forward to ______from you.
A) entering B) to enter A) hear B) being hard C) from entering D) having entered C) hearing D) having heard
25. My friend said she is very eager______a real Hollywood star. 30. We insisted ______by the manager.
A) to meet B) for meeting A) to be seen B) to see C) in meeting D) that she can meet C) on being seen D) on seeing
57 31. Would you consider ______that sports car? 36. Our teacher may refuse ______the test.
A) to be buying B) buying A) postponing B) us to postpone C) to buy D) about buying C) to be postponed D) to postpone
32. You don’t object ______you by your first name, do you?
I’m sorry. I didn’t mean ______you in any way. A) that I call B) to my calling 37.
C) to being called D) for calling you A) to offend B) having offended C) offending D) to be offended E) offended
33. He acknowledged ______a serious mistake. In the years to come he will regret ______his A) to have made B) having been made 38. house. C) to make D) having made A) to sell B) sold C) have sold D) having sold E) to be sold
34. They threatened ______the kidnapped businessman unless their demands were met.
I don’t mind ______that movie again. A) to have killed B) to be killed 39.
C) killing D) to kill A) to see B) seeing C) to have seen D) being seen E) to be seen
35. The stewardess reminded ______their seatbelts on during the takeoff. 40. I must remember ______the alarm clock before I go to bed. A) the passengers keeping
B) to keep the passengers A) to be set B) to have set C) the passengers to keep C) being set D) to set D) that the passengers E) setting 58 41. That student has always endeavored ______well. 46. Many people volunteered ______the rescue operation. A) to be done B) being done C) to do D) having done A) to take part E) doing B) to have taken part in C) taking part in D) take part in E) to take part in
42. They claim ______twenty two planes over the past four weeks.
A) having shot down 47. The education director is persevering in his attempt B) to have been shot down ______additional funding for the school. C) to shoot down D) to have shot down A) to have obtained E) shooting B) to be obtained C) to obtain D) being obtained E) obtaining
43. It’s no use ______the problem. 48. He sought ______to an executive position. A) ignoring B) to be ignoring C) to ignore D) ignore A) to rise B) rising E) to have ignored C) rose D) having risen E) to have risen
44. I believe that he has a good chance of ______sin- ce he enjoys the support of young voters. 49. The defendant swore ______the truth in court.
A) having elected B) being elected A) to be told B) to tell C) elected D) electing C) telling D) having told E) to be elected E) that tells
45. The government has contemplated ______the entire 50. Instead of ______about the good news, Erkan tax system . seemed to be indifferent.
A) to be reformed B) to have reformed A) being excited B) having excited C) reforming D) being reformed C) exciting D) to be excited E) to reform E) he was excited 59 1. Overpopulation is becoming an increasingly serious 6. Many students have negative reactions to exams. problem. ______many families continue to have ______, some students can sleep or eat when they large numbers of children. have an exam.
A) Therefore B) Nonetheless A) Nevertheless B) For example C) Moreover D) Similarly C) Likewise D) In addition
7. A society which values excellence in sports will turn out good athletes. ______, a society that holds education in high esteem will produce outstanding She is very fat. ______, she wants to go on a diet. 2. educators.
A) Yet B) Likewise A) In contrast B) On the other hand C) Also D) Therefore C) Similarly D) In fact
3. Dorothy felt rather tired. ______, she went to bed 8. He did not object to the plan.____, he wholeheartedly early. supported it. A) Also B) Therefore A) Moreover B) On the contrary C) Indeed D) Besides C) However D) Hence
9. Most people were opposed to the scheme on the 4. John was here yesterday. ______, I didn’t talk to grounds that it was expensive ______, it is now him. being re-examined to see if costs can be reduced.
A) Furthermore B) However A) Besides B) Correspondingly C) Besides D) Consequent C) Still D) Accordingly
10. Agriculture will have to undergo a drastic change to 5. The workers wages weren’t high enough; ______, meet the needs of the drastic situation. ______, they decided to go on strike. the country will starve.
A) yet B) as a result A) Otherwise B) As a matter of fact C) also D) still C) Yet D) So 60 11. "Are you going abroad again this summer?" 16. Pronunciation of a new language is difficult at first. "We might go to Spain. ______, we might stay at ______, it becomes easier in time. home." A) However B) As a result A) Also B) On the other hand C) Thus D) In addition C) Meanwhile D) Similarly
17. He has learned French. ______, he can speak 12. The price of this car seems to be reasonable. English. ______, it is small for our family. A) Also B) On the other hand A) However B) Also C) Still D) Conversely C) Actually D) Otherwise
18. Spanish and Italian are similar languages; ______, 13. Learning a new language is difficult. ______, the Italian has more vowel sounds. student must work hard. A) moreover B) however A) Also B) However C) hence D) also C) Yet D) Therefore
14. Insects do not speak. ______, certain insects, like 19. He studies hard;______, he finds English easy. bees, can communicate by doing a special dance which shows where nectar is. A) yet B) therefore C) besides D) likewise A) However B) Consequently C) Similarly D) Furthermore
15. The language laboratory helps in listening. ______, San Francisco has cool, windy summers. ______, it gives listeners opportunity to practice speaking. 20. New Orleans’s summers are hot and humid. A) Still B) Nevertheless A) Nevertheless B) In contrast C) Moreover D) Nonetheless C) Furthermore D) In fact 61 21. Jack is a successful businessman. ______, he is 26. Many people think that New Orleans is a large city. one of the wealthiest businessmen in this country ______it has quite a small population. now. A) On the contrary B) On the other hand A) In fact B) Correspondingly C) Conversely D) Likewise C) Nonetheless D) Likewise
27. Tim completed the race in 4 minutes 32.5 seconds, 22. His achievements in the sport of tennis are truly the slowest time for several years. ______, it was impressive. ______, he won Wimbledon six times enough to win him the gold medal. in succession. A) In any case B) Nevertheless A) For example B) What is more C) Besides D) In contrast C) By the way D) Consequently
28. "We’ll set off at 5 p.m., and the coach will reach the 23. We must reinforce the river banks. ______, there hotel at 10 p.m. ______, it’s a three-star hotel, not a is bound to be flooding in the winter. two-star hotel as it says on your booking form."
A) As a result B) Otherwise A) Anyway B) On the other hand C) In fact D) Besides C) Also D) By the way
24. With all the optional extras, the price of the car is £ 29. "The helicopter will arrive to evacuate the wounded in 80,000. ______, it costs more than the average price the morning, said the doctor. ______, we must for most houses. make them as comfortable as possible."
A) In other words B) After all A) Meanwhile B) Now C) Conversely D) Furthermore C) After all D) Therefore
25. He is undoubtedly the best player in the team. 30. "I know he is old and rather difficult, said Mary but he ______, he is very unpopular with the other should be treated with more respect. ______, he was members. once regarded as a hero and decorated by the King."
A) In contrast B) On the other hand A) Moreover B) After all C) Moreover D) Likewise C) In fact D) All the same 62 31. We could put the car on the train and just drive the 36. The cost of living in big cities is very high. ______, last hundred kilometers the cottage. ______, we many civil servants take part time jobs. could drive all the way. A) Furthermore B) As a consequence A) Alternatively B) On the contrary C) Yet D) Indeed C) Nevertheless D) Similarly
37. Australia doesn’t import wheat. ______, it exports a considerable amount of wheat every year. 32. The striking workers want higher wages. ______, they want better working conditions. A) Likewise B) Hence C) On the contrary D) On the other hand A) In fact B) In addition C) Consequently D) Nonetheless
38. Germans always shake hands when they are introduced to strangers whereas the Japanese give a 33. The time available for discussion was very limited. little bow. Americans, ______, nod their heads and ______it was possible to produce interesting say ‘Hi’. arguments. A) nevertheless B) on the other hand A) As a result B) Nevertheless C) on the contrary D) similarly C) Likewise D) Actually
34. A good knowledge of a foreign language enhances one’s chances of getting a well-paid job. ______, 39. He has a lot of experience in teaching; ______, he many people want to learn at least one foreign is unlikely to be hired. language. A) even so B) in contrast A) Therefore B) On the other hand C) also D) therefore C) Yet D) Moreover
35. Denmark is a constitutional monarchy. ______, ______, Helen thought Bill was Jane’s husband Finland is a republic. 40. but later she realized he wasn’t. A) Besides B) In contrast A) First B) At first C) In spite of this D) Thus C) Firstly D) First of all 63 1. She behaves a little strangely ______times. 7. George is not in the office, because he is ______leave. He won’t be back till the end of A) in B) on C) at D) about August.
A) in B) at C) for D) on
2. If we leave now we should be in Bursa ______4:30. 8. I’m convinced ______his innocence. A) until B) by C) during D) as far as A) for B) about C) of D) to
3. I’m in favor ______NATO, but I’m against the use of nuclear weapons. 9. She can’t possibly cope______so many problems. A) of B) for C) about D) to A) for B) about C) with D) off
4. 4.We’ve had nothing but trouble ever ______she arrived. 10. If a child is deprived ______love, he is likely to A) since B) during have many psychological problems when h grows up. C) when D) for A) with B) of C) on D) off
5. Civil servants no longer get paid ______the first of 11. The former Soviet Union emerged ______the each month. Second World War as a major world power.
A) in B) on C) at D) during A) in B) on C) from D) out
6. Helen is quite good ______physics. It is her 12. He refused to comment ______the current favorite subject. developments.
A) about B) in C) for D) at A) in B) with C) for D) on 64 13. There was an accident this morning. A bus collided 19. There has been a great demand ______cars this ______a car. year.
A) with B) by C) on D) from A) for B) in C) on D) about
14. I mustn’t eat too much. I’m supposed to be ______20. The cause ______the fire is still unknown. a diet. A) of B) about C) for D) over A) in B) on C) at D) of
15. 15.We had to get on the train without tickets because 21. She’s quite beautiful but I wouldn’t like to be married we didn’t get to the station ______time to buy ______her, I’d rather marry another girl. them. A) to B) into C) with D) of A) on B) by C) at D) in
16. Please don’t be late for the meeting. We want to begin I’m sorry ______the noise last night. We were ____ time. 22. having a party. A) within B) on C) in D) at A) for B) about C) from D) at
23. We provided them ______food. 17. It took John a long time to find a job after he left school.______the end he found a job as a waiter. A) with B) of C) for D) from
A) By B) At C) In D) On
24. I have no wish to interfere ______the matter. 18. The reason ______his failure is his lack of interest. A) on B) in C) with D) about A) of B) for C) about D) on 65 25. This picture reminds me ______Paris. 31. Madam Curie dedicated herself ______science.
A) about B) of C) for D) off A) to B) about C) with D) for
32. You must be content ______what you have. 26. He is responsible ______his boss _____ what takes Otherwise, you can’t be happy. place. A) with B) about C) for D) on A) to / about B) to / for C) to / with B) toward / with
33. He is lacking ______intelligence. 27. I agree ______you ______this matter. A) of B) in C) about D) at A) to / on B) to / with C) with / in D) with / on
34. He worked for many years, and in the end he 28. Many people are addicted ______cocaine in the succeeded ______finishing his project. United States. A) on B) in C) with D) for A) to B) for C) with D) on
35. The secret of his success lies in his persistence 29. Students are supposed to conform ______his students in spite of his problems. regulations. A) in B) over C) on D) with A) for B) about C) on D) to
36. He is ______Paris now. He is leaving ______30. A treasurer must account ______all his London this afternoon. expenditure. A) in / to B) in / for A) on B) with C) for D) into C) at / about D) at / for
66 37. I usually stay in bed ______11 o’clock ______43. I’ll phone my parents ______about 6 o’clock Sundays. ______Tuesday evening.
A) by / on B) until / on A) in / on B) at / on C) to / for D) until / in C) at / in D) at / at
44. She is reading a book ______her bedroom ______the moment.
He arrived ______the station ______exactly 38. A) in /in B) in / on 10:30. C) at / at D) in / at A) in / at B) in / by C) at / at D) on / at 45. I was out ______Friday night.
A) in B) at C) on D) within
39. I missed the bus, so I went to work_____ foot. 46. The population of Turkey will have risen to 70 million A) in B) at C) on D) over ______ten years time.
A) in B) by C) on D) until
47. I’ll see you ______the morning. 40. Most people travel ______bus. A) in B) while C) on D) at A) with B) by C) on D) in
48. Some students study ______the evening, While others prefer to study ______night.
41. A bird flew ______the room ______the window. A) in / in B) in / at C) on / at D) at / at A) in / through B) into / through C) in / by D) into / by means of
49. They set off for Paris ______dawn.
A) at B) on C) in D) over
42. Ali’s father died ______1983 ______the age of 71. 50. A small car has some advantages ______a big one. A) in /in B) in / at A) on B) than C) over D) from C) at / at D) in / during 67 Choose the alternative that best completes each 6. A: "Would you and your wife like to play bridge sentence. tonight?" B: "I don’t know how to play bridge and______" 1. The students like Professor Smith’s course because he gives them ______homework. A) my wife neither B) my wife wouldn’t either A) few if any B) none of C) should have been finished C) a great amount D) little or no D) neither would my wife
7. A: "Has Ayla finished typing those reports?" 2. Helen hoped ______to Betty’s party. B: "No, and they ______an hour ago."
A) to be invited B) she’ll be invited A) should be finished C) being invited D) to invite B) should have finished C) should have been finished D) must have been finished
3. By the time you arrive there, I’m sure he ______his dinner and ______TV. 8. The students are playing football but they ______their lessons. A) will be having / will watch
B) will have had / will be watching A) supposed to study C) has had / has watched B) must be studying D) will have / will watch C) would be studying D) are supposed to study
4. He ______his doctor before he took the medicine. 9. The Vikings ______.
A) is said to have consulted A) learned how to build ships and about the sea B) is said to consult B) developed the art of ship building and of C) is said to have been consulted seamanship D) is said that he consulted C) founded shipbuilding and how to be seamen D) developed a manner to build ships and seamanship
5. Never before ______such a tall building. 10. The facilities of the older library ______.
A) have we seen A) is a good or better than the new library B) we have seen B) are as good as or better than the new library C) we have been seen C) are as good or better than that of the new library D) have we been seen D) are as good as or better than those of the new library 68 11. Of the three new engineers, one is experienced and 16. A: "Did you meet Ann here at the University?" ______. B:’’ No, we ______when I started college."
A) the others are not A) have already met B) had already met B) another is inexperienced C) had already been met D) already met C) the other is not D) other lacks experience
17. ______little free time he has, he can always find 12. Last year, Ali earned twice ______his brother, who time to go out for a drink with his friends! has a better position. A) How B) Even though A) as much as B) as many as C) In spite of D) However C) more than D) more
18. A: "How long have you been with the company?" B: "I ______there for five years by January." 13. They ______the streets but they don’t anymore. A) will work A) are used to cleaning B) have been working B) are used to clean C) will have been working C) used to clean D) will be working D) use to clean
14. I’d just as soon ______those important papers with you. 19. ______damages the tees in the park will be prosecuted. A) that you won’t take B) your not taking
C) you aren’t taking D) you didn’t take A) Who B) Whoever C) If a person D) Anyone
15. A: "I took the TOEFL last week. It was really hard." B: "______a lot before you took it?"
Ali said to Ayla: "I’ll help you if I can." Ali told Ayla that A) Have you studied 20. ______would help ______if he could. B) Do you study C) Were you studying A) he------her B) he------you D) Had you studied C) she------him D) she ------you 69 21. The last half of the nineteenth century ______the 26. Only after they’d had a few drinks ______to relax. steady improvement of the means of transport. A) they had started B) have they started A) witnessing B) was witnessed C) they started D) did they start C) witnessed D) which witnessed
27. In the southern western part of the United States 22. If you ______me yesterday, I would not have been ______built in the last century. able to finish my work. A) are many abandoned mining towns A) did not help B) where there are many abandoned mining towns B) were not helping C) they are many abandoned mining towns C) had not helped D) many abandoned mining towns are D) would not have helped
28. My best friend, ______quickly, told the teacher I 23. It was very kind ______invite me to dinner. was homesick.
A) she could B) that she would A) who was thinking B) thinking C) of her to D) for her to C) thinks D) thought
29. ______is called erosion. 24. 24.If you had followed the instructions precisely, you ______so many mistakes. A) The wearing away of land B) Land which wears away A) would not have made B) would not make C) When land wears away C) did not make D) won’t make D) Wearing away land
25. The Eiffel is ______of the man made structures in 30. ______with the size of the whole earth, the highest the world. mountains do not seem high at all.
A) a very high one B) one of the highest A) When compared B) If you compared C) highest one D) the higher one C) Compare them D) A comparison 70 31. Periods of history were either favorably or adversely 36. No wonder these plants are dying. They ______any ______by geographical environment. water for a long time.
A) affected by B) affected A) haven’t B) haven’t had C) affecting D) effected C) hadn’t D) hadn’t had
32. The Chinese ______gunpowder. 37. The man was sent to prison, ______guilty of the A) are known to be discovered robbery. B) are known to have discovered C) are known to discover A) finding B) having found D) knew to discover C) having been found D) to be found
33. ______some species are becoming extinct is of great concern to zoologists. 38. They ______for seven hours when they were stopped by a traffic policeman who wanted to see A) That B) Since their driving licenses. C) When D) What A) were driving B) drove C) had been driving D) have been driving
34. ______in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profits it brought. 39. John, ______the answers, failed the test.
A) Discovering B) Having discovered A) did not know B) not being known C) Discovered D) It was discovered C) not knowing D) he did not know
40. A survey was carried out, ______were quite 35. He definitely deserved______. surprising.
A) to promote B) being promoted A) of which results B) what results C) promoting B) to be promoted C) which results D) the results of which 71 41. Mary has several close friends.______John, he is 46. ______coffee I like ______best is from Brazil. always surrounded by friends. A) The / ___ B) The / the A) As for B) Consequently C) ____ / the D) ____ / ____ C) Meanwhile D) Indeed
47. A telephone recording tells callers ______. 42. The student behaved ______he was annoyed. A) what time the movie starts A) like B) as if B) what time does the movie start C) though D) as C) what time starts the movie D) the movie starts what time
43. They’re vegetarians, ______they don’t eat meat or fish. 48. Since the first space mission, many communication satellites ______. A) the fact that means that B) which is that
C) which means that D) that means that A) was launched B) had been launched C) are launched D) have been launched
44. ______on the moon, Neil Armstrong is known all over the world.
A) While he is the first man who walked 49. He is scholar who is devoted to his research to a reprehensible extent. ______, he neglects his family B) That he is the first man who walked and does not fulfill his responsibilities as a student. C) The first man to walk D) He is the first man to walk A) Nevertheless B) That is to say C) Conversely D) -Yet
45. In spite of the fact that Mary has many personal problems, she ______present every day since the 50. The noise of the trains ______into the station was first day of class. deafening.
A) has been B) is A) that comes B) which is coming C) has been D) was C) coming D) that was coming 72 51. "Jane walked past me without speaking." 56. The semester ______over for two weeks now. "He ______you. He is very shortsighted." A) is B) has been A) needn’t have recognized C) was D) had been B) should not have recognized C) might not have recognized D) would not have recognized
57. Money is a financial instrument ______price is fixed.
Our football team would be the champion this year if 52. A) which B) which its price they ______just one more game during the season. C) whose D) of which A) would have won B) won C) would win D) had won
58. Some people think that leaders are born______.
A) who are not made B) they do not make 53. Children ______to newly planted trees. C) not made D) not making A) like B) liken C) are likened D) are like
59. I didn’t buy the car because its body was damaged.______, its engine didn’t run well.
The salary of an MP is twice______last year. 54. A) Moreover B) On the contrary
A) that it was B) what is was C) Nonetheless D) Indeed C) which was D) what was it
55. How long ______here? 60. The reason they are not coming is ______they are angry with the hosts. A) do you live B) have you been living A) why B) that C) are you living D) were you living C) because D) the fact that 73 61. "The cabinet is beautiful. Did you make it yourself?" 66. Persons ______in criminal acts do not "No, I had ______" necessarily feel anxious or guilty about their behavior.
A) it built B) to build it A) engage B) which are engaged C) built it D) it to build C) are engaged D) who engage
62. In contrast ______his earlier study. Dr. Melon’s 67. We were discussing this subject prior ______your new study indicates a general warning trend in global arrival. weather. A) to B) from C) for D) at A) of B) to C) by D) as
63. ______agreement is signed will have substantial 68. ______the current changes in the EEC social support among our people. policy will have any impact on the social policy of our government remains to be seen. A) What B) That C) Whether D) Whatever A) If B) Whether C) That D) What
69. ______people go to the cinema now than ten years ago. 64. The heating system in our apartment doesn’t work efficiently, ______, our neighbors complain about A) Less B) Few inadequate heat. C) Lesser D) Fewer A) Nevertheless B) On the other hand C) Consequently D) Moreover
70. An almanac ______contains much information 65. I expect the project to be completed ______Friday. including details about the yearly movements of the sun and moon. A) by B) as far as A) which B) is which C) near D) to C) a book which D) is a book which 74 71. The more stable the husband, ______he is of 76. He has ______many friends in Ankara that he will being supportive and helpful in his wife’s adjustment. never feel lonely.
A) more capable B) the capable A) very B) such C) the more capable D) the must capable C) so D) too
77. ______, Jupiter spins on its axis, an imaginary line through the center.
How long ago ______the dentist? 72. A) As it orbits the sun
A) have you visited B) have you been visiting B) It orbits the sun C) did you visit D) were you visited C) The sun is being orbited D) The orbit of the sun
73. He ______not to do that, but he still goes on doing it all the same. 78. That day it was raining heavily, ______was a pity.
A) is constantly being told B) constantly tells A) what B) that C) tells constantly D) has constantly told C) which D) which it
79. Identical twins ______separately were found to be very much alike in appearance and in other physical characteristics when they were brought These devices are among the inventions ______74. together again. Thomas Edison. A) reared B) rearing A) have been attributed to B) which attributed to C) who reared D) are reared C) attributed to D) were attributed to
80. One conclusion ______from this research is that students write better when they are motivated. 75. He is never satisfied ______hard he works. A) to be drawn B) can be drawn A) however B) even though C) having drawn D) which draws C) how D) even if 75 81. I remember the woman______. 86. It’s hard work; I enjoy it, ______.
A) Ali was talking to her A) although B) even though B) who Ali was talking C) though D) as though C) Ali was talking to D) that Ali was talking to her
87. You ______good-bye to your host before you left. It was very unfortunate that you didn’t.
The wealthy businessman has ______much money 82. A) must have said B) should have said that he doesn’t know what to do with it. C) would have said D) may have said A) very B) so C) too D) that
88. I’m having my house ______. That is why there is 83. He has three sons, ______are doctors. all this mess.
A) all of those B) all of whom A) paint B) painting C) all of them D) that all of them C) painted D) to paint
84. Ali is rich, ______Okan is poor. 89. We hoped ______being there would give our cause credibility. A) whereas B) in contrast to A) he B) his C) despite D) unlike C) him D) himself
90. He’s very pleased ______Chairman by a We don’t have ______religion. 85. unanimous vote yesterday. A) the same B) alike A) being elected B) to elect C) same for D) the same as C) to have been elected D) to have elected 76 91. It is absurd that women ______be paid less than 96. None of the clocks in the old section of the city work men for doing the same work. any more, but they ______perfectly.
A) should B) would rather A) were used to work B) were used to working C) would D) are able to C) use to work D) used to work
92. She had some strange habits. She ______sit by the window and look at passers by for hours. 97. The size of the brain of a modern human being is larger than ______of early human beings. A) should B) would rather C) might D) would A) which B) that C) what D) this
93. The building contractors have asked that the unfinished project______. 98. While some parents let their children ______up late, others make them ______to bed early. A) is extended B) be extended C) will be extended D) has been extended A) stay / to go B) to stay / to go C) stay / go D) to stay / go
94. We ______you ride this morning but the car was full. 99. He was reported ______in the violent clashes between the police and the angry demonstrators. A) will give B) would give C) would have given D) would be giving A) that he was killed B) to have been killed C) to be killed D) to have killed
95. Many doctors believe cures for many forms of cancer ______soon.
100.I must remember ______the dentist and A) will discover 100. ______the appointment. B) that will be discovered C) will be discovered A) to phone / cancel B) phone / cancel D) have been discovered C) phoning / canceling D) that I phone / cancel
77 101. When the contest was over and the results were 106. There were trains a hundred years ago. There posted, the team members were so exhausted they ______any planes. couldn’t even read ______. A) wasn’t B) weren’t A) it B) them C) hasn’t been D) hadn’t C) themselves D) us
102. Mike ______for five months when he met his 107. ______in 1963, the book did not become popular second wife. until the late 1960’s.
A) had divorced B) had been divorced A) Publishing B) Published C) has been divorced D) was divorced C) Although it published D) Having published
103. In 1964, Americans drank an average of 26 gallons of milk ______. 108. "Did you hear me come in last night?" A) each B) every one "No, I ______asleep." C) singly D) themselves A) must have been B) may have been C) should have been D) might have been
104. I gave up smoking, and ______.
A) she did, too B) she also gave up C) neither did she D) she didn’t 109. It is important that someone searching for a job______all the prospects.
A) consider B) will be considering C) be considered D) considers
105. You ______your friend for his help, but you didn’t.
A) should have thanked Ed is quite diligent. He’s certain ______soon. B) must have thanked 110.
C) may have thanked A) being promoted B) to promote D) would have thanked C) to be promoted D) to have promoted 78 111. I gave my son some money ______he might buy 116. She’s never been to Spain before, ______? an ice cream. A) is she B) hasn’t she A) so as B) in that C) isn’t she D) -has she C) in order D) so that
112. One person who had a strong influence on me when I 117. Elizabeth was lively and talkative, ______her was young was my Uncle Bill. ______, if it hadn’t sister was quiet and reserved. been for his invaluable advice on so many occasions I wouldn’t have achieved anything in life. A) similarly B) unlike C) whereas D) just as A) In fact B) On the other hand C) Therefore D) Likewise
118. Very small computers are advantageous because they are portable. ______, they use small amounts 113. A battery has two terminals. One is positive, and of power. ______is negative. A) Nevertheless B) On the other hand A) other B) others C) Also D) Thus C) another D) the other
119. I don’t share the widespread belief ______women are bad drivers. 114. While I was driving to work this morning. I saw a chain accident______several vehicles. A) that B) how C) if D) which
A) involved B) which involves C) that it involved D) involving
120. ______the answer to the question, Jim felt quite embarrassed.
115. I don’t need any help, but it was kind ______help. A) Not knowing B) The fact that he did not know A) of you to offer B) of your offering C) He did not know C) your offering D) to offer you D) Though he did not know
79 121. Ali and I are going to the library, but ______friends are going downtown. 126. Goods can be collected at ______time, which means you can collect them whenever you like. A) our B) ourselves C) ours D) us A) some B) every C) any D) no
122. Every customer deserves______good service. 127. An investment good is an item ______to produce A) to receive B) to be received other goods or services in the future, rather than being C) receiving D) having received consumed today.
A) what is used B) that used C) that is used D) that uses
123. The history of wearing jewels is as ______as the history of humankind. 128. Bill has acquired great facility in using the computer, A) older B) oldest and ______has Ed. C) old D) the oldest A) also B) as well as C) even D) so
124. The teacher’s explanation was so complicated that ______students understood it. 129. Golda Meir dedicated ______to the establishment of a Jewish state. A) any B) all of A) her B) herself C) none of D) few C) hers D) she
130. While we were at the post office, we happened The way ______political campaigns are 125. ______Pam and Judy. conducted varies widely from one country to another. A) seeing B) see A) in that B) which C) to see D) we saw C) in which D) how 80 131. When ______of impulses from many of the 136. He worked hard. ______, he was unable to save neurons in one part of the brain, an epileptic seizure enough money for a new car. occurs. A) Nevertheless B) Even though A) the simultaneous bursts C) In contrast D) Despite B) there are simultaneous bursts C) simultaneously burst D) simultaneously bursting
137. We had ______nice weather that we enjoyed every minute of our stay.
A) so much B) such 132. Many people believe that striking a child is unjustifiable ______what the situation. C) such a D) very
A) no matter B) despite C) in view of D) provided
138. ______I generally like doctors, the doctor I had last year was quite arrogant and rude.
A) As though B) While 133. Jane and Jack Jones bought a Rolls Royce, ______to impress their friends. C) Seeing that D) Once
A) although they wanted B) wanting C) wanted D) that they wanted
139. Arizona has ______Indian population in the United States. 134. ______the pain return, take one of these pills. A) third largest B) the third largest A) Does B) Should C) the largest third D) a third of the largest C) May D) Would
140. The richer a person is ______he can live. 135. He doesn’t dare to leave the house ______someone recognizes him. A) more comfortably B) the most comfortably A) in case B) though C) the more comfortable C) so that D) if D) the more comfortably 81 141. The Kaplans wouldn’t let ______outside after 7:00. 146. By the time the ship arrives, we ______for two hours. A) their children’s playing B) their children to play A) will be waiting B) are waiting C) their children play C) will have been waiting D) have been waiting D) their children played
147. I will break it into two ______both of you may have a half. 142. Most crocodiles will eat anything ______capture and overpower. A) so that B) in case
A) can B) they can C) providing D) now that C) which can D) and
148. Had we known your address, we ______you a letter. 143. If you don’t want to get wet, you had better ______this umbrella with you. A) would write B) would have written
A) take B) be taken C) had written D) wrote C) to take D) taken
149. In the legends of North America the dragon represents good luck. ______, in the legends of ______much Tom may admire her, he is unlikely 144. China it represents bad luck. to ask her to be his wife. A) In the same way B) Besides A) However B) How C) On the other hand D) Thus C) So D) Too
150. ______misses the lest will fail. 145. Mary said she wished I ______come more often. A) Who B) No matter who A) might B) could C) Whoever D) Anybody C) should D) can 82 151. At the far end of a kaleidoscope ______, one made 156. Phonograph records, tape recordings, and computers of clear glass and the other of ground glass. have made ______to story data conveniently and accurately. A) two plates are B) two plates are there C) are two plates there D) are two plates A) easier B) it is easier C) easier than D) it easier
152. Each of its atoms loses or gives off a certain amount 157. ______built this bridge is widely believed. of energy ______substance is radiating energy. A) When Sinan B) Whether Sinan A) with a B) when is a C) That Sinan D) Sinan C) a D) if a
158. When ______they leave rocks and soil behind 153. Earthworms occur ______adequate moisture them on the lowlands or in the ocean. and food and the necessary soil conditions are found. A) are glaciers melting B) melting glaciers A) and B) but C) glaciers melt D) do glaciers melt C) however D) wherever
159. ______was the bridge an engineering triumph, it 154. The bonding power of any adhesive depends on the quickly proved a financial success as well. cohesion of the adhesive itself and ______to the surface to which it is applied. A) Not only B) Only C) It D) Neither A) how well does the adhesive adhere B) how well the adhesive adheres C) does the adhesive adhere D) the adhesive adheres
160. The dill plant has a long, spindle-shaped root, a branched stem, ______, and compound clusters of yellow flowers.
Hot air accompanied by high relative humidity feels 155. A) divided leaves warmer than ______. B) its leaves divide A) is it actually B) actually it is C) it divides the leaves C) is actually it D) it actually is D) the leaves are divided
83 161. Fat is not digested in the stomach, ______in the 166. Mary’s adviser suggested ______on a different small intestine. topic.
A) but B) and A) her write B) that her writing C) which D) although C) she writes D) that she should write
162. The moon ______the only natural satellite of the 167. Anyone having talked to him once will be convinced earth. ______his innocence.
A) as B) being C) is D) which A) about B) of C) with D) at
168. Those houses being torn down now ______fifty 163. ______is indispensable to plant and animal life. years ago.
A) Nitrogen B) Although nitrogen A) were built B) were building C) It is nitrogen D) That nitrogen C) had built D) built
164. The outer ear and the ear canal are subject to all of 169. Any customer ______with the service in the store the various disorders ______. may complain to the management.
A) that affect the skin B) the skin affects A) is not satisfied B) who doesn’t satisfy C) affect the skin D) the skin is affected C) not satisfied D) that he is satisfied
170. When George saw me yesterday, he asked me where ______. 165. ______advent of the First World War, the United States became the dominant force in the motion- A) had the meeting been picture industry. B) was the meeting A) The B) It was during the C) the meeting was C) While the D) With the D) the meeting has been
84 171. People ______fame early in life, may tend to 176. Einstein was a slow learner ______he was a become too snobbish. child.
A) who achieves B) that they achieve A) when B) until C) who achieve D) achieved C) after D) before
172. ______Bill nor his friend is concerned with 177. A driver should wait at a red light ______it turns international trade. green.
A) Either B) Neither A) until B) before C) Nor D) Not C) when D) after
178. His mother was angry when she saw what 173. Ali thought he ______able to devote more time to ______. reading after his work was over. A) has happened B) is happening A) has been B) would be C) had happened D) happens C) was D) is
179. They ______a lot of English since they started 174. He______bad since he lost his job. He looks taking classes. quite upset. A) learn B) will have learned A) has been feeling B) had been feeling C) have learned D) learned C) is feeling D) has been felt
180. Crocodiles reproduce by laying eggs ______.
A) and other reptiles 175. We always ______a test when we finish a lesson. B) as do other reptiles A) have B) are having C) other reptiles do C) had D) will have D) similar other reptiles 85 181. I think you should be tolerant ______criticism. 186. He won the race again, ______indicates that he is an outstanding athlete. A) for B) with C) of D) on A) the fact that B) that C) what D) which
182. I’m sure ______wasn’t Aynur who left the room in a mess. 187. "Do you think he will resign from his post?" "I don’t know. He ______" A) that B) –it C) she D) this A) will B) should C) might D) must
183. You ______your term paper by now. 188. ______books are Frank’s, not ______. A) should finish B) should be finished A) This / yours B) These / your C) should have finished C) That / your D) These / yours D) should have been finished
189. By the time you ______from Germany, we 184. The regulations of this boarding school are very strict; ______our research. all the students ______their school uniforms even at weekends. A) returned / had been completed B) return / will have completed A) are to wear B) must be worn C) had returned / have completed C) to wear D) may wear D) returned / will complete
185. By next October he _____ working on this project for 190. These packages ______with great car because five years. they’re fragile.
A) has been B) will have been A) must handle B) must be handled C) had been D) will be C) have been handling D) must have handled 86 191. None of the servants knew that the box contained 196. Mrs. Tuna ______help her son do his homework. valuable documents, so it ______thrown out by one He can do it himself now. of them. A) would rather B) needn’t A) should have been B) would have been C) had better D) didn’t need C) might have been D) had to be
197. By the time I ______to the station, the train 192. He was prohibited ______until the others had ______. gone. A) has got / was leaving B) got / had left A) to leave B) from leaving C) got / has left D) have got / left C) that he left D) of leaving
198. While he was in Istanbul, he made no effort to 193. The teacher warned us ______any attempt are establish contact with his parents. He ______them cheating. a ring at least.
A) not to make B) not making A) could give B) could have given C) not made D) didn’t make C) was able to give D) must have given
194. I would like you ______your interest in legal matters. 199. I ______Neşe since she graduated from the university, but there is a chance that I’m going to see A) maintain B) maintaining her at Aysel’s wedding party. C) that you maintain D) to maintain A) didn’t meet B) haven’t met C) don’t meet D) hadn’t been met
195. He ______from school because he persists in breaking the regulations of the school.
A) is likely to be expelled 200. Mary used to work for the railways, ______she? B) is probably going to expel C) had better expel A) didn’t B) hadn’t D) is able to expel C) used D) wasn’t
87 201. I think the concert is over, because a lot of people 206. On ______he had won, he jumped for joy. ______to leave. A) telling B) being told A) is beginning B) has begun C) he was told D) having told C) are beginning D) begin
207. He told me all about the operation on his hip. It seems 202. You’ll be all right ______you’ve had something to ______a success. eat. A) having been B) to be A) once B) the time C) that it is D) to have been C) so long D) as soon
208. Just as a moth is attracted by a light, ______he is 203. Hurry up! The train ______here shortly. fascinated by her.
A) was B) is A) similarly B) in a like manner C) has been D) will be C) thus D) so
209. Anyone ______can do it. 204. If bribery ______eliminated, government employees must be paid enough money. A) being intelligent B) intelligent C) is intelligent D) that he is intelligent A) has B) is to be C) will be D) were
210. Hardly ______, ______when something else went wrong with it.
A) had the car mended 205. His death was attributed ______by a snake. B) has the car been mended A) to his being bitten B) that he was bitten C) the car had been mended C) to be bitten D) that he had bitten D) had the car been mended 88 211. The strikers who ______for disturbing the peace 216. ______he managed to reach the top of the were released yesterday. mountain remains a mystery.
A) imprisoned B) had imprisoned A) If B) Whether C) was imprisoned D) had been imprisoned C) Even though D) Even if
217. The building was invaded by a large number of people 212. The house was ______badly damaged in the fire to ______employment. be repaired. A) seek B) sought A) very B) so C) too D) such C) seeking D) who were sought
218. You may leave the apartment at any time ______213. ______in history when remarkable progress was you give a month’s notice and pay an additional made within a relatively short span of time. month’s rent.
A) Periods A) provided that B) as B) Periods C) so that D) in case C) Throughout periods D) There have been periods
219. We’ve enjoyed the evening but it’s time we ______home.
214. I’ll go downtown ______Frank’s car. A) go B) went C) are going D) must go A) by B) with C) in D) by means of
220. They were gossiping when they ______.
A) must have been working 215. I’d sooner you ______on an earlier train. B) should be working C) should have been working A) leave B) left D) must have worked C) will leave D) would leave 89 221. Unless ______instructed, you should leave by the 226. There are very few areas in the world ______be back exit. grown successfully.
A) the other B) the other way A) where apricots can B) apricots that can C) otherwise D) another way C) which apricots can D) where can apricots
222. Malnutrition was as common among children from 227. The electric eel uses its electric shock to capture food prosperous families ______among those of the and ____. poor. A) protect itself B) for protection A) so B) as C) less than D) like C) protecting itself D) it protects itself
223. ______he accomplished was of great 228. The invention of the computer is one of ______significance. achievements of all time.
A) That B) Since A) the remarkable C) Whether D) What B) most remarkable C) the most remarkable D) the more remarkable
224. The dog stayed at the entrance until ______to come in.
A) it had told B) told 229. Mr. Smith has ______appointments scheduled for next Monday. C) being told D) having told
A) not B) any C) none D) no
225. ______for a quick decision, the chairman called for 230. If my mother had forced me to eat vegetables as a a vote. child, I ______them now.
A) Anxiously B) That he was anxious A) like B) might like C) Anxious D) He was anxious C) would have liked D) liked
90 231. ______amused at my pain, the conductor smiled 236. If he had to choose, he thinks he would rather work in and left. a bank than ______a teacher.
A) As though B) Even though A) being B) be C) As D) How C) to be D) his being
232. Joe Frazier ______for fifteen years when he 237. The boss has warned me twice about being late and became World Heavy Weight Champion. has threatened ______me if I am late again.
A) was boxing B) boxed A) to sack B) sacking C) has been boxing D) had been boxing C) that he sacks D) to have sacked
233. "George got the highest grade in the math exam." 238. The way a child ______has an effect on the way he "He ______very hard for it." uses language.
A) should have studied A) brings up B) who is brought up B) must have studied C) has brought up D) is brought up C) ought to have studied D) should study
239. Education is mostly language, ______we can educate others only by example and by language. 234. Generally, the thicker a mammal’s skin is the less hair ______. A) for B) in order that
A) that has it B) that it has C) while D) which C) has it D) it has
240. ______in the country, John is accustomed to the sight and smell of farm animals. 235. I don’t remember ______you here before. A) Living B) That he lives A) to see B) having been seen C) By living D) Though he lives C) to have seen D) seeing 91 241. ______how much money the gangsters offered him, 246. My brother now earns ______he used to. the judge refused to take a bribe. A) twice more than B) two times more than A) For B) Despite C) twice as many as D) twice as much as C) No matter D) Regardless
247. Peter has had ______bad luck that he’s decided not 242. By the end of this month, Sheila ______on the book to gamble. for two years. A) so B) such a C) such D) too A) will work B) will be working C) has worked D) will have been working
248. I was in a hurry, so I forgot _____ some money for the children. 243. Since it is raining, you’d better have the movers______the bedroom furniture first. A) that I leave B) leaving C) to leave D) leave A) brought in B) bringing in C) bring in D) to bring in
249. I wish you ______so loudly. 244. There is no danger in using this machine ______you adhere to the safety regulations. A) don’t talk B) wouldn’t talk C) aren’t talking D) won’t talk A) as long as B) so that C) in case D) as much as
245. You’ve failed to finish the tasks I’ve given you so far. Dinosaurs dominated the earth for 150milion years ______, I am prepared to give you one last chance. 250. ______suddenly vanished 65milion years ago. A) Likewise B) Nevertheless A) until they B) that they C) In fact D) On the contrary C) until D) because they 92 251. Membership in ______is thought to be a low- 256. The doctor warned the old woman that she should performing group destroys opportunities for individuals have her blood sugar level ______every other whose behavior may be very different from the day. average group member. A) tested B) testing A) what B) which C) to test D) be tested C) that it D) that
257. Supposing I ______to agree to your request how 252. The brown thrasher is not particularly large or strong do you think the other students would feel? bird, ______equipped for fighting. A) would B) am A) it is not B) but not C) were D) could C) neither is D) nor is it
258. Few pleasures can equal ______of a cool drink on a 253. ______the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator, hot day. the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west. A) which B) that A) Where B) During C) such D) what C) That D) At
259. The bad weather meant ______the rocket launch for 254. They made a number of changes, ______are 48 hours. supported by the press. A) delaying B) to delay A) neither of which B) both of which C) having delayed D) was delayed C) most of which D) most of them
255. Your boss doesn’t object ______in the office, 260. The window was so high up, that ______you could does he? see was the sky.
A) to smoke B) your smoking A) only B) all C) just D) everything C) you to smoke D) to your smoking 93 261. ______subject we talked about, it seemed that he 266. The factors ______how much people are willing was an expert on it. to work and the occupation they choose are varied and complex. A) Whatever B) Which C) What D) No matter A) that are determined B) what determined C) that determine D) where they determine
262. He didn’t know anyone at the wedding ______than the bride and groom. 267. Ali plays the piano beautifully and ______does A) expect B) other his brother. C) apart D) rather A) also B) even C) as well as D) so
263. ______his extraordinary performance, the audience applauded him enthusiastically. 268. She always goes swimming, ______cold it is. A) It was impressed by B) Impressing C) Impressed by D) Since it impressed A) however B) even if C) though D) how much
264. ______the terrible weather, the tennis tournament was cancelled. 269. Jack is leaving his job because his boss treats him as if he ______Ms. Personal slave. A) Since it is B) Owing to C) Despite D) Because A) is being B) had been C) has been D) were
265. Unless he’s given a scholarship, he ______university. 270. An orphan is a child ______parents are dead.
A) won’t attend B) wouldn’t attend A) whom his B) who C) would attend D) will attend C) that D) whose 94 271. ______agriculture, mining and forestry are all 276. It’s strange. His sisters are blonde, ______he is important to the Canadian economy, Canada is also a very dark. major industrial power. A) therefore B) whereas A) Although B) That C) nevertheless D) unlike C) In spite of D) As
277. If I ______the flu yesterday, I would have gone to the movies with you. 272. I haven’t quite finished the book yet, but I’ve got ______page 460. A) hadn’t B) haven’t had C) didn’t have D) hadn’t had A) until B) as far C) up to D) through
278. ______from his school, Ali plans to join the army.
273. We arrived ______the airport two hours before our A) He has been dismissed flight was due to leave. B) Having been dismissed C) Having dismissed A) at B) in C) by D) on D) That he has been dismissed
274. George traveled 500 miles to get to hospital to visit his He urges that the restrictions ______. sister, Mary, ______was thoughtful of him. 279.
A) should lift B) have lifted A) that B) which C) be lifted D) lift C) who D) what
280. The government raised taxes so that ______its 275. You’d ______leave at once or else you’ll be late. debts. A) have to B) rather A) it could pay back B) it can pay back C) better D) prefer C) could pay back D) to pay back 95 281. There are a number of differences ______the two 286. I ______this ring as I was digging in the garden. rooms. A) have found B) found A) among B) between C) had found D) was finding C) from D) than
282. Joan: "Could I have another spoonful of your delightful 287. The fire department ordered that the elevator pudding?" ______. Mary: "Oh dear, there doesn’t seem to be ______" A) turn off B) be turned off A) some left B) any left C) was turned off D) turned off C) left any D) leaving some
288. The costs of inflation, ______in the form of redistributed incomes or reduced growth, depend in 283. ______mountains that we saw were high. part on how much inflation there is.
A) The most B) Most of the A) whether B) as if C) Most of D) Mostly C) in case D) whereas
284. We don’t like to think of ______in that way. 289. When I ______my project, I submitted it to my supervisor for his evaluation. A) us B) we A) have completed B) was completing C) ourselves D) our C) was completed D) had completed
290. "Did you like your trip to the Niagara Waterfalls?" "It was beautiful. Hardly ever ______such a Those______for this brutal attack must be brought 285. spectacular sight." to justice. A) can see you B) you can see A) responsible B) which are responsible C) can you see D) see you C) are responsible D) that they are responsible 96 291. ______it is getting late, I suggest that we break off 296. A great ______tourists prefer to stay at clean but now. relatively cheap hotels.
A) As though B) As soon as A) deal B) number C) As D) That C) many D) sum
297. She ______in Istanbul for five years and then went 292. Call in and say hello ______you are in town. to Bodrum.
A) however B) whenever A) has lived B) lived C) that D) no matter C) was living D) has been living
293. You will never make friends ______you go out and 298. There are various immigrant groups in London, many meet people. ______from the Orient.
A) after B) when A) to come B) who is coming C) if D) unless C) having come D) comes
294. It’s nearly lunchtime. Why don’t we stop ______a 299. "Why do the police want to talk to you?" bite to eat? "Because we saw the money ______last night."
A) that we have B) to having A) stealing B) to have stolen C) to have D) having C) stolen D) to be stealing
295. Exceeding speed limits and ______safety belts are 300. Water is a substance ______of oxygen and two common causes of automobile death. hydrogen.
A) not to wear B) don’t wear A) consisting B) which consist C) failing to wear D) not having C) consists D) that it consists 97 1. – 5. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış 6. – 10. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulu- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- nuz. lunuz. (6) ------people breathe, pollutants in the air (7) ------Throughout the ages, birds have been a source of -- in the lungs or absorbed into the body. And polluted wonder to all who have (1) ------their soaring flight or air can harm animals and plants (8) ------people. For listened to this reason, our air supply should be (9) -----watched and managed to assure (10)------good quality. their sweet song. (2) ------a group, birds are (3) ------they are the only animals covered (4) ------feathers. This evolutionary development (5) ------birds from all other animals.
6. A) When B) Until C) During D) If E) Just as
1. A) verified B) supported C) claimed D) observed E) warned
7. A) have deposited B) are depositing C) had to be deposited D) will have deposited 2. A) Like B) Just C) Still E) may be deposited D) Another E) As
3. A) unique B) common 8. A) as well as B) in addition C) mundane D) indifferent C) even if D) in spite of E) mediocre E) supposing
4. A) by B) on C) with 9. A) alternately B) previously C) hastily D) as E) into D) closely E) furtively
5. A) has been separated B) separates 10. A) them B) its C) his C) separated D) was separated D) theirs E) it E) separating 98 11. – 15.sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- 16. – 20.sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- lunuz. lunuz. On December 17, 1903, a (11) ------day at Kitty Watches are portable clocks.(16) ------main purpose Hawk, North Carolina, Wilbur and Orville Wright made is to measure and tell time, (17) ------many watches the first successful powered flight in a heavier-than- also display the day of the week and date or serve as air craft. The first flight, (12) ------by Orville, was short- alarm clocks .Most watches are worn on the wrist, but 120 feet in 12 seconds- but it was followed by three some (18) ------to be carried in a pocket or to be more flights with the brothers taking (13) ------.The worn as jewellery. The first watches were made in last flight that day was made by Wilbur. It lasted (14) - Germany in the early 1500’s.Their name (19) ------the ----- 59 seconds and covered 852 feet. That distance German word wacht, (20) ------the time of a soldier’s would have been longer (15) ------there had not been tour of duty. a strong headwind.
16. A) They B) Them C) It D) Their E) Its 11. A) windy B) bumpy C) lumpy D) hasty E) watery
17. A) despite B) due to C) even D) as much E) though 12. A) making B) was made C) made D) to be made E) to make
18. A) made B) were making 13. A) ranks B) turns C) accounts C) have made D) are made D) trails E) steps E) to have been made
14. A) for B) on C) under 19. A) comes from B) relies on D) from E) in C) dates from B) derives from E) steps up
20. A) meant B) to mean 15. A) even if B) on condition C) if C) to be meant D) being meant D) unless E) so that E) meaning
99 21. – 25. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- 26. – 30. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- lunuz. lunuz. Everybody knows that old people are more likely (21) The very first playing cards were (26) ------made in ------than young people. We know it (22) ------China or India many hundreds of years ago. From experience. We also can find the facts and figures in these countries card games spread throughout the life insurance tables. For example, in an advanced Far East and (27) ------the Indian Ocean to Arabia country with a well-fed population (23) ------about one and Egypt. In earlier times, cards were used for telling in (24) ------1,000 children dies during his or her 12th fortunes as well as for playing games. The first playing year. But one in every 20 men aged 70 will die (25) --- cards were painted (28) ------hand. Later cards were -- his 71st birthday. painted from woodcuts. The design (29) ------on a block of wood (30) ------was covered with ink and pressed against paper. Co lour was added later.
26. A) barely B) utterly C) intensely 21. A) died B) having died C) dying D) virtually E) probably D) to die E) to have died
27. A) beneath B) beyond C) onwards 22. A) from B) on C) in D) across E) onto D) at E) under
28. A) for B) in C) by 23. A) even B) only C) hardly D) on E) at D) such E) ever
29. A) was carved B) carved 24. A) many B) every C) a few C) will be carved D) carved D) much E) several E) carving
30. A) that B) where C) how 25. A) so far B) by C) before D) what E) when D) while E) due to
100 31. – 35. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- 36. – 40. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- lunuz. lunuz. (31) ------living things are called organisms. Many Waterpower (36) ------about 3 percent of the electric organisms, (32) ------animals, grass, and trees, are power in the United States and about 6 percent of the familiar-we see them every day. But not all organisms world’s electricity. As supplies of coal, petroleum, an are visible (33) ------the naked eye. Some can (34) --- other natural fuels begin to (37) -----, we can expect ---- be seen through a microscope. These tiny one- an increase in the use of hydroelectric power and the celled organisms (35) ----- microbes, or micro- perfection of new methods of extracting power from organisms. water. Canada, Norway, and the former Soviet Union have (38) ----- sources of waterpower. Engineers in coastal lands are working on ways (39) ----- electric power from waves and tides. Some projects have (40) ------been built, and others are planned.
31. A) Whole B) All C) So D) A great deal E) Every 36. A) supplies B) supplying C) were supplying D) has been supplied E) is supplied
32. A) as B) more C) such D) even E) such as 37. A) use up B) think over C) give out D) lay down E) hand down
33. A) for B) in C) from D) on E) to 38. A) barren B) abundant C) fabulous D) plain E) smooth
34. A) even B) such C) as 39. A) to be obtained B) obtaining D) only E) so C) obtained D) to obtain E) obtain
35. A) were calling B) calling C) called 40. A) deeply B) highly C) thoroughly D) had called E) are called D) actually E) tremendously
101 41. – 45. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- 46. – 50. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralan- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- mış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bu- lunuz. lunuz. Rocket missiles (41) ------to the 1200’s in China. The Chinese invented both gunpowder and the rocket. People (46) ------strange objects in the sky for Their rockets were tubes (42) ----- bamboo or heavy thousands of years. In ancient times, (47) ------paper. The tubes were closed at one end and packed reports were often explained as signs from heaven. with gunpowder. The Chinese lashed the tubes to Today many people believe that unidentified flying arrows.(43) ------the gunpowder was set (44) ------, objects (UFO’s) are spacecraft from worlds (48) ------the arrows sped towards the enemy. These ‘’arrows of the solar system.(49) ------them are believed to be flying fire,’’ (45) ------the Chinese called them, were strange beings (50) ------have come to study us, help the first rocket missiles. us, or even kidnap us.
41. A) stem from B) send away 46. A) were reported C) doze off D) cross off B) have been reporting E) date back C) would have reported D) must be reported E) could report
42. A) lived on B) let down C) made of D) contained in E) held out 47. A) even B) rather C) such D) in case E) a lot
43. A) Afterwards B) Rather C) Instead D) When E) By the time 48. A) amid B) beyond C) next to D) among E) through
44. A) afloat B) aloof C) afire D) adrift E) averse 49. A) Aboard B) Aghast C) Alert D) Ajar E) Alone
45. A) like B) such C) so 50. A) whom B) who C) whomsoever D) same E) as D) whose E) whoever
102 1. He drank some water and washed his face, 6. I once watched a child of about two and a half, ______. ______.
A) looking at his reflection in the mirror A) she felt like jumping up and down B) suddenly a thought struck him B) trying to stamp on little waves breaking across the C) he was whistling a merry tune beach D) these he did every morning C) her hands were stretched out in pleasure E) that was very routine D) to be very energetic and curious E) not knowing I was doing so was a pleasure
2. I hope ______.
A) you’ll forgive me for damaging your car B) you get what you want
C) her coming with us 7. She told him ______. D) you could have found a better job E) that she might have failed again A) to call her some other time B) if he means what he says C) when it will be possible to meet again D) would he like to have fried chicken 3. If I were offered a place at the university, ______. E) what is the capital of Mongolia A) I wouldn’t have thought twice B) I’ll be more than happy C) I’d take it D) you’ll be surprised E) nobody would have refused it.
8. Your total, ______, is $39.56
A) you can write out a cheque B) which includes the tip 4. He’s going to Zeimatt for his holiday ______. C) it should have been paid in cash A) there he’ll be able to have a good rest D) you needn’t worry about paying it right away B) while he looks forward to getting a suntan E) it wasn’t so high as you thought C) in case he needs some free time D) where he hopes to get some good skiing E) for fear that there may be too many people.
5. ______but Bill had eaten it the night before. 9. Carefully entering the building, ______.
A) Paul looked for some bread in the cupboard A) the murder was caught from behind B) There is a whole chicken in the fudge B) the alarm went off C) Mum baked a delicious cake C) it was seen that there was nobody there D) I put the meat on the table myself D) the policeman saw an abandoned child E) Nobody could taste the chocolate mousse. E) no noise could be heard 103 10. The technology for these machines is very 14. Governments have passed laws to limit the polluting complicated, ______. gasses ____
A) although they would be mass produced A) that cars emit B) no one can use them efficiently B) although people had never obeyed them C) which makes them more difficult to use C) when the number of motor cars increases D) however, they were quite popular D) in case people were careless E) if they had been designed with more care E) if they are poisonous
11. ______can make one feel confident about 15. After spending six months in a country where a communicating basic needs in a foreign language. foreign language is spoken, ______.
A) If you know a foreign language A) then the language is easier to learn B) You should attend a language class B) some people can speak the language fairly well C) In order to get your ideas across C) if it may still be hard to communicate D) When one qualifies as an interpreter D) even then you may have difficult E) Carrying a hand translator E) if wouldn’t have been all that easy to find accommodation
12. ______,tell her I’ll be late 16. An interpreter, ______, has to work with extreme A) If you were here speed. B) When your sister came A) that’s the only person to go to C) Although I have a lot to do B) even if he was well-off D) Should you see the teacher C) whose knowledge of two languages must be E) Had my mother asked about it superior D) he is a friend of mine E) though he earned quite a lot
13. I gather from what it says in this brochure ______. 17. ______had we known he was coming. A) whether we were in London in next Saturday night A) Let’s go out this evening B) is there live music in that club B) We would buy cookies C) if the four would last a fortnight C) He should have informed us D) that we can go any day of the week D) We wouldn’t have gone out E) what time we were bound to set off E) We could take him along with us 104 18. I wonder ______sometime this week? 22. Can you tell ______, please?
A) what will our population be A) to him that I want to see him right away B) when the invasion would be over B) there is some more time left C) that you feel strongly about nationalism C) if people didn’t use to travel on horseback D) the only way getting to know a country is going D) me exactly what you mean there E) what is the difference between them E) if you’d like to see the Picasso exhibition
19. Language is a communication ______. 23. I always buy my cheesecake in Camberwell Road ______. A) even though people communicated in different ways A) because I love cheesecake B) there are various means of communication B) lest I may gain some more weight C) that usually involves two or more people C) where there is a very good delicatessen D) if people could understand each other D) since it was less expensive there E) because people speak different languages E) whereas their cheesecake is delicious
20. He insisted ______. 24. You’ll definitely look better ______.
A) why I didn’t change my mind A) after you had some rest B) that he is an open-minded person B) if you comb your hair C) if she was free on Monday C) even if you didn’t wear make up D) that he would like to ask her out D) but you’ve never been to a hairdresser E) which co lour suited him best E) although you regularly visit beauty saloons
21. ______, I write down new words I hear. 25. You look like a clown. I wish ______.
A) Listening to the TV or radio in English A) you wouldn’t use so much make up B) I often attend lectures on Greek mythology B) you hadn’t worn that hat last weekend C) When my child began to speak C) we were at a circus now D) Although I have had a dictionary with me D) I could go to the performance with you E) As I had only begun to learn Italian. E) we could get tickets for today’s matinee 105 26. My father persuaded me ______. 30. Please fetch me some dry wood ______.
A) to join the family business A) it’s pretty cold in here B) that it will be an unforgettable experience B) to get the fire started C) how unhealthy it will be to eat frozen food C) whereas it’s raining heavily D) if I had £20 D) even though it’s still flowering E) although coping with the cold E) for making a hot dish
27. Our brochure, ______, has the most up-to-date information. 31. ______; or is it Haydn?
A) that we have just received A) Handel wrote "The Water Music" B) you are looking it at the moment B) That sounds as if it’s a good idea C) which we will send you C) Wagner used the legends of the German Middle D) it’s in front of you right now Ages E) why haven’t you take one already D) That record is badly scratched E) That sounds like Bach
28. You have to go back to ______. 32. I can’t imagine how anyone so stupid ______.
A) I’ve told you about that place already A) was extremely hungry and tired B) in which all your family live B) can be mistaken so often C) without even changing your clothes C) can be appointed to such an important job D) where you started D) respects everyone in the community E) before you get home E) was disappointed when he failed to get a degree
33. While everyone learns a native language as a child, 29. Although most nations like to be on friendly terms with ______. other nations, ______. A) many adults have trouble learning a second A) peaceful relationships are at the international level language B) the dangers of armament are undeniable B) I learned Spanish at the age of 6 C) disarmament is what everybody wants C) James could speak French when 4 D) no nation likes to throw away its weapons D) for children it is baby light E) but the need for giving up weapons E) not everybody realizes the significance of another language 106 34. When studying vocabulary, use a dictionary ______. 38. Many of the African cats are in danger of becoming extinct ______. A) if you bought one at a reasonable puce B) when nobody says anything A) whose skins are used for fur coats C) even if you can’t get help from your father B) as a result, they are dying faster than they are reproducing D) that is completely in English C) unless people kill them for sport E) although new vocabulary is difficult to learn D) since they are part of the environment E) if they are not protected
39. ______is far from clear.
35. Nobody can give the reason ______. A) Whether this applies to humans B) If you want exercise to help you A) as soon as you plan to go to the game C) As you want to lose weight B) why she always keeps silent D) Although it is a good idea in principle C) that they can’t find one they like E) Living in Tokyo D) provided that Mr. Billiards moves to the US E) whereas Bernard can’t give you the information
40. It was the window ______.
A) when it got smashed yesterday B) which was wise to replace C) that was broken, not the door 36. Businessmen often borrow money from banks D) since it opened onto a lovely garden ______. E) such a dirty one that I spent minutes cleaning it
A) which is the money that was borrowed B) if they use credit cards C) to buy more equipment or to improve their 41. Having cleaned the car, ______. business A) it now needed new tyres D) because interest rates increase when prices increase B) the lorry will have been driving non-stop for 5 hours E) in spite of the economic problems they have overcome C) until he used all the water D) if it lased about 10 minutes E) he needed a rest
37. ______, fish could help solve the world’s food shortage. 42. Sheila came running ______.
A) As on the land A) so that she would be breathless B) Since present methods of fishing are inefficient B) by the time they got here C) Because of its high protein value C) that’s when ask for help D) If aquaculture or fish farming is a new profession D) as soon as she was called E) Beef is more nutritious than seafood E) if they would need her at all 107 43. They told him a story ______. 47. Many resources are in danger from pollution; ______. A) dealing with a left-handed ghost B) every day after he’s finished lunch A) first, new resources must be found and used C) hat’s when he lies in bed awake B) therefore, no new resource need be found D) in case he fell asleep easily C) as a consequence, resources must be conserved and the environment protected E) so that they didn’t forget it D) however, environmental pollution is a serious problem E) besides, natural resources are necessary for life
44. ______worried him a lot.
A) What were you doing right them B) Whether or not you were invited 48. ______that I heard neither the door nor the phone. C) Not to be mentioned in the honour list A) If I was studying English D) How difficult it is to learn something new B) When I was worried about my marriage E) That everybody arrived home sate C) As soon as I read in yesterday’s paper D) I was so busy cooking E) I’ve never heard such an interesting story
45. ______when I see him. 49. ______, more people will buy them A) I was terribly surprised A) As humans and animals need heat to live B) I’ll remember to tell him about the meeting B) Though the supply of solar energy is unlimited C) If I can have time C) If solar collectors become cheaper D) Since I’ve decided to give him the sack D) Those who live in dry, desert areas near oceans E) I told him the good news E) Solar energy is not only unlimited
50. Scots think malt whisky is so precious ______. 46. All managers at every level must coordinate well ______. A) to preserve their own toes and fingers in cold weather A) in case the quality of the work or the products is B) although they make enough for England and other low countries B) how to organize their time and work C) that they should not sell it to other people C) in order to keep an organization together D) as making malt is the first stage in preparing malt D) who spend a lot of time on planning whisky E) so that they could carry out instructions E) who lived in the towns and cities of the South 108 1. Insect and human societies are alike in that individual 4. Early explorers to America were surprised to see members of the community work together. Termite Indians "drinking smoke".______. The dried workers coordinate their efforts to build nests. leaves were tobacco. ______. A) Today, people set fire to cigarettes-a roll of dried A) Social insects live in integrated communities tobacco leaves B) There is a division of lab our B) In recent years scientists have discovered that C) In some insect nests special accommodation is "drinking smoke" is dangerous to one’s health provided for the young and for food storage C) They saw the Indians set fire to rolls of dried D) Unlike men, insects show no capacity for learning leaves and then inhale the smoke or for developing a social tradition based on D) The most serious effects of it are hidden learning E) It is no longer the strange or unusual sight that E) Similarly, in human societies engineers, Christopher Columbus saw architects, town planners and construction workers unite to build cities
5. Generally in Britain farmers either raise livestock or grow crops. Many do both, running what is called a 2. ______. People take the hot water or steam from mixed farm.______. inside the earth and use it to heat or cool buildings. It even produces electricity. A) Mr. Howard’s farm is similar to other mixed farms in the area A) Iceland, Italy the United States and other B) Mr. Howard’s farm of 125 acres is typical of such countries are using geothermal heat now a mixed farm B) Nuclear energy is another source of energy C) Mr. Howard’s farm buildings are in two main C) Many people do not want nuclear power plants groups near their homes or farms D) Mr. Howard’s farm house is a long, low building D) People and industry need energy to do work E) Mr. Howard’s farmhouse overlooks a courtyard E) The world is using its limited supply of fossil fuel quickly
6. ______: Upon its removal from the ground , gas is usually moved to market immediately since it is very 3. Two machines on the surface of the planet Mars are expensive to store it in tanks. Large-diameter sending important information about that planet back pipelines are used to carry the gas from the wells to to Earth. The machines are called "Viking 1" and "Vi- homes and factories. king 2" Each Viking is able to see, hear, touch, feel, taste, smell, and manipulate its environment. A) Among the various forms of sources of energy, ______. natural gas has been a favorite among us consumers for more than thirty years A) Scientists feel that many more important B) Natural gas is a comparatively clean-burning fuel discoveries are possible C) Like crude oil, natural gas is a form of petroleum B) The photographs of the surface of Mars reveal a found in porous rock beneath the earth’s surface wild and varied landscape with a pinkish sky in the D) Natural gas can be made into a liquid by a special background process and then stored in tanks C) It was very important to find a safe landing place E) Geologists estimate that billions of cubic feet of D) The machines are also capable of self-repair natural gas still remain to be discovered and E) Viking 1 was sent from Cape Canaveral, Florida to produced Mars on August 20,1975 109 7. What actually happens when we read? 10. ______. The earliest pyramid was built for ______.Other people think that our eyes smoothly King Zoser and is called the "Step Pyramid" because glide over each line from left to right, then back to the the sides go up in large steps. beginning of the next line, and so on. A) The largest pyramid ever made is one of a group A) Some people think that we read one word at a ti- of three built at Giza me, understand it and then go on to the next B) The construction lasted from 2680BC to 2565 BC B) In fact the physical process of reading usually C) The outside of this pyramid consists of more than doesn’t work in either of those ways two million blocks of stone C) Suppose you do this experiment with a friend D) By the word "pyramid" we usually mean the grave D) There is an interesting fact about eye movement of an Egyptian king of the Old and Middle E) Most people read everything at the same slow Kingdoms (2680BC-1567BC) speed and do not realize that they can read faster E) It is 197 feet high
8. Finding a particular book in the library is quite easy if 11. Money is important to all of us. We can’t survive you know both the author’s name and the title of the without it. Some of us never seem to have enough book. ______. You will find a card with the money to do all the things we need or want to author’s name the title of the work and the shelf-mark, ______./? which tells whereabouts in the library the book is kept. A) Are you earning more money now than you were A) If the book is not there, it means that someone five years ago has got it out B) Many economists nowadays divide the world into B) You can go to the issue desk and reserve it North and South C) You simply go to the author catalogue, which is C) A lot of people have too little money to spend alphabetically arranged D) Does your country have problems with inflation D) Someone has mentioned to you a book called E) Yet some of us have more money than others Recent Developments in Thermodynamics E) You will go to the appropriate shelf take the book and get it stamped at the issue desk
12. ______. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found 9. In recent years, pocket calculators have become the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was almost as commonplace as wristwatches Ferdinand Magellan. ______./? A) Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach A) The following points should be borne in mind Asia by traveling west from Europe when buying a calculator B) After months of dangers from rocks and storms, B) How easy are they to use they entered the ocean on the other side of South C) If a calculator is important to your studies there America will probably be other features to be taken into C) They were the first men to sail round the world consideration D) Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with D) Consult with someone before you make your final five ships and about 280 men choice E) Magellan discovered the channel which is now E) There is now a tremendous choice of calculators called Magellan’s straits at a great variety of prices 110 13. In many developing countries, millions of children die 16. Jeepneys are the most popular and most typical form from malnutrition and disease before they even reach of Filipino transport.______. Before you leave adulthood. ______.They live in the most basic the Philippines make sure you have a ride in one. kind of hut. The water for drinking washing and cooking comes from the local river or stream. They A) Traveling by boat in the Philippines is much easier have to work from dawn till dusk and for much of the than in other South East Asian countries yearthey go hungry. B) They are also more comfortable than jeepneys C) The taxis have meters in Manila but in other towns A) We need your help to succeed you bargain the price first B) You can play a vital role in our work D) For longer distances buses are very economical C) For those who survive, life is cruelly hard E) They are also the cheapest and the most fun for D) Today we’re asking you to join our worldwide both long and short distances but not always the family and to hold out a helping hand most comfortable E) The village lacks even the most basic health care
17. Merton College Oxford was founded over 700 years ago in 1264 by Walter de Merton .It is the oldest College in Oxford ______.For many years, the college specialized in mathematics and science, and it The law in Britain allows the average car to pump out 14. has the oldest library in England. over 1½ Ib of toxic waste every day. These fumes contain over 100 pollutants.______. A) and the game has in fact been played at Oxford since 1450 A) Carbon monoxide, which affects the heart is another B) and is situated in the east part of the town in a quiet and secluded position B) Lead causes brain damage, particularly in children C) and nearby is the tennis court where Royal Tennis C) All new small cars in Europe will be fitted with was played catalytic converters by 1992 D) and the number is increasing each year D) Lead is one E) including William Harvey, Lord Randolph Churchill E) The fight for clean air, though is not yet won and T.S Eliot
18. Barry Cloud is an unusual pop star. ______. 15. Salcombe the Devonshire beach resort is becoming Then in the morning after a quick breakfast of a cup of extremely popular .______. Now however more coffee and a piece of toast, he likes to go for a jog and more hotels are starting to open up along the sea along the road in front of his house. front; new guest houses are putting up vacancy signs. A) Life doesn’t seem too bad for him B) He enjoys sitting by the swimming pool at the A) Young businessmen are starting up fish and chip tennis club, chatting and relaxing shops C) He doesn’t like staying out late at night, going to B) They hope to make some easy money in the parties and discos and leading a wild life but going summer months to bed early and reading an interesting magazine C) One interesting change in Salcombe concerns D) In the afternoons Barry loves playing tennis with jobs some of his friends D) In the late 1950s there was only one hotel in the E) He prefers going on tours and meeting new town and very few guest houses people to sitting in recording studios with the E) They too are beginning to realize the commercial same old faces possibilities of tourism 111 19. On this day last year Dr. Heather Sharp one of the 22. ______. Then girls suddenly start to grow world’s leading heart surgeons, performed a five-hour more quickly than boys. As a result, girls at the age of operation on seven year old Christine Powell and 13 are taller, heavier and stronger than boys. gave her a new man made heart. ______. A) At about the age of 14. the average girl starts to grow less rapidly and the average boy catches up A) However, she was not allowed to eat what she and than passes her wanted B) Boys go on growing although more and more B) She is back at school and she is full of energy slowly, until they are about 20 C) She didn’t have to take much medicine only four C) During adolescence you lose your baby-face pills a day D) Unlike girls boys do not stop growing when they D) In the mornings she either went for a walk or are 15 or 16 drove to a nearby wood with her mother E) For the first ten years, girls and boys grow at E) Today, Christine leads the life of a normal healthy almost exactly the same speed child
23. Stonehenge is a famous and ancient circle of stones 20. ______. A large amount of wheat is grown, and in Wiltshire, South West England. It has been dairy farming and sheep farming are carried out on a suggested that Stonehenge was built by the large scale. There is also a small fishing industry Druids.______. It was built in different stages which is expanding. and existed in different forms.
A) Storm scale is situated in an agricultural area A) It is clear that moving such enormous, heavy B) Storm scale has a population of around 20.000 of stones was no easy task which a high proportion are children under 12 B) There is also the theory that the stones were C) In Storm scale the main industry is coal-mining arranged to form a calendar D) Storm scale is now being considered as a C) People probably used Stonehenge for both possible site fro a nuclear power station religious and astronomical purposes during its various stages E) The unemployment level in Storm scale is very high and so is the crime rate. D) However, it was in existence long before the Druids arrived in Britain ( 250 BC) E) Sea and river transport is a likely possibility but we have no definite proof
21. Many young people today are taking an interest in the animal rights movement. Jane Smith, 24, from Charlton, South London, represents an extreme 24. People cannot agree on the issue of handgun view.______. Police arrested her recently during ownership. Some believe that gun ownership is an a demonstration and again later when she raided a important personal right while others claim that laboratory. individuals should not be allowed to own handguns.______. A) She also said that she doesn’t agree with the pharmaceutical industry testing their drugs on A) Guns have been a necessary part of life for most animals of history but today’s society is quite different B) She believes that humans and animals should B) The serious problems of crime and family conflict have the same rights have made gun ownership difficult to accept C) Big business tortures animals and the government C) They also enjoy using guns for hunting, target does nothing about it practice, and other recreational purposes D) A lot of scientists have dogs, cats and other D) Each side has good arguments for its point of animals themselves view E) Scientists work with animals because there is no E) They are strong believers in the traditional rights alternative of the individual 112 25. In Athens we have a lot of smog we call it the nefos 27. During the summer months, visiting East Anglia is a .Pollution has done a great deal of damage to ancient unique experience. In June and July, it bursts into buildings and the main source of this is industry, activity during its three major art festivals- Aldeburgh particularly in sulphur dioxide levels. in Suffolk, Cambridge, and King’s Lynn in Norfolk. ______.They produce almost all the carbon ______. monoxide pollution and that’s been monitored quite often at levels of 13 parts per million at night. A) Not everything is British, but it is all played with enthusiasm and style A) We have tried to reduce pollution from cars by B) The choice is yours-music, theatre, dance, visual only allowing odd-and even numbered cars to arts circulate on any given day C) The halls swell to the music B) We have halved those levels by stricter controls D) The college has been holding conferences and but at the same time the number of cars has business exhibitions for more than twenty years grown E) During the festivals it is difficult to accommodate C) In effect that halves the amount of pollution they meetings so the biggest conferences usually take can cause place in the summer, while the college students D) The city has had considerable success in fighting are away pollution E) We estimate that a 15% reduction in traffic volume would cut carbon monoxide emissions by 40% 28. ______.To provoke the greatest shock, singers and players often wear very long hair, very short or very long clothes, very big or very small glasses. They do the most unpredictable things. Result: shock.
A) Actually, there is much in modern popular music that can be enjoyed everyone B) Like modern clothes, modern popular music has been under the influence, of "shock" psychology C) There are some people who like only popular music and there are some people who like only classical music D) Happy shock for most young people and terrible shock for older people E) Nobody has to like modern popular music and dislike all classical music or vice versa 26. ______.Climate the long-term behavior of weather is changeable. Not only are there gross changes over geological time scales (ice ages and interglacial warm periods) but smaller changes on much shorter time 29. ______. Of course, some people like one game scales occur too. and some like others. For example many people like to watch boxing while many other’s don’t; they say it is A) The sixteenth seventeenth and eighteenth too violent. centuries were up to 1 cooler than today’s average temperatures A) There are those sports preferred by men and B) Recent climatic changes have been less marked those preferred by women C) The unstable climate began to be a major cause B) Men often like boxing, but women don’t for concern C) There may be women who hunt but hunting is a D) The sun’s output probably vanes by about 01% man’s sport during the eleven year solar cycle and this fact D) One big change in sport in modern times has has recently been related to sunspot activity been the idea of personal participation E) The world’s climate is not and never has been E) Whether as a player or merely as a spectator, just constant about everyone likes sport today 113 30. Man is a land animal, ______. Throughout 33. The need for money originates from the fact that history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea different people in society produce different has provided man with food and a convenient way to things.______. Let us take the case of a travel to many parts of the world. farmer who produces more food than he requires and a carpenter who lives by selling the tables and chairs A) however, the sea still offers hope to supply many that he has made. of man’s needs B) and technology is enabling man to explore even A) Anything can act as money, provided that all the deeper under the sea people using it agree on its value C) and oil and gas explorations have existed for B) Things used as money have certain qualities nearly 30 years C) This means that people depend on each other for D) but he is also closely tied to the sea goods and services E) the sea may offer new sources of energy D) There is an island in the Pacific Ocean where the natives use large stone wheels as currency E) Clearly, the simplest way of exchange will be for 31. Eartquakes are probably one of the most frightening them to barter and destructive happenings of nature that man experiences. The effects of an earthquake often are most terrible.______. 34. Global warming will not be an even affair-some parts A) They have caused the death of many human of the world will be heated more than others, others beings, much suffering and great damage to may actually cool.______. property B) The scientific study of earthquakes is somewhat A) The maps of data on temperatures will go to the new UN’s International Panel on Climatic Change C) Most earthquakes occur in areas around the B) Yet some large areas were actually more than half Pacific Ocean a degree cooler than the 1951-80 average D) Such an earthquake C) These maps, prepared by climatologists, show E) The vibrations produced by earthquakes are how the raised temperatures of the 1980’s have discovered recorded and measured by been distributed unevenly across the globe instruments called seismographs D) One country may become wetter, another region drier, while extremities of weather, such as storms and droughts, may become still more extreme E) The UN’s International Panel on Climatic Change 32. Scientists have been studying dolphins to learn more is examining the impact of global warming about how these intelligent sea animals communicate.______. They also think that the bottle-nosed dolphin can be taught to make sounds understandable to man. 35. It is commonly thought that scientists can determine if the earth is warming or cooling without much difficulty. A) In recent research with a male dolphin scientists ______. It is very difficult to determine the path noticed that the dolphin stopped eating and global temperature changes will actually take. moving around B) To help gain more information the scientists put A) However, determining the changes is not easy microphones in and above the male dolphin’s pen B) many scientists theorize that the world is C) Two scientists began to spend several hours experiencing a period of gradually rising every day playing with the dolphins talking to them temperature and listening to ‘’ dolphin talk’’ on the microphones C) one of these factors is the eruption of Mount D) Scientists continue to study dolphins in the hope Pinatubo of learning even more about them D) tons of airborne sulfur dioxide are undergoing E) Most scientists think that the bottle nosed dolphin chemical changes endangering the ozone layer offers the best possibility for communication with E) however, we had better start paying attention to man those predictions 114 36. The United States observes a holiday in honour of Dr. 39. The legal limit for drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of Martin Luther King, Jr, on the third Monday in alcohol in 100 milliliters of blood, when tested January.______. He is often compared to ______. It varies with each person depending on Mahatma Gandhi, whose philosophy Dr. King used to your weight, your sex, if you’ve just eaten and what study in his efforts to liberate a large population of sort of drinks you’ve had. Some people might reach oppressed citizens. their limit after about three standard drinks.
A) It was during this time that he first he first became A) In fact your driving ability can be affected by just politically active one or two drinks B) He organized the Southern Christian Leadership B) The only way to be sure you’re safe is not to drink Conference whose moral force he used in his at all campaigns against racial discrimination C) But there is no sure way of telling how much you C) He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 can drink before you reach this limit D) At the peak of his career, King was shot to death D) It takes about an hour for the body to get rid of the in Memphis Tennessee alcohol in one standard drink E) This holiday is official recognition of his dedication E) Even if you are below the legal limit you could still influence and service in the fight against racial be taken to the court discrimination in the United States
40. There is common belief that while the dog is man’s 37. Around the world, tourists can be recognized by their best friend, the wolf is his worst enemy looks and cameras. And of course by their .______. maps.______. They are often difficult to handle and fold because they are so big. A) It is sometimes wise to encourage wolves B) He is especially beneficial in keeping down the A) If they are small, they don’t have enough detail to rodent population like rabbits show you how to get to your destination C) He hunts at night B) There are some significant problems with maps D) The bad reputation traces back to his fondness for however animals such as sheep young pigs and poultry C) For some cities, these are easy-to-carry books E) Ranchers and fruit growers find them valuable with maps D) A map is the basic toll of the tourist E) This system works well for a city like Paris
41. Millions of years before animals lived on land, there on the earth. But today trees are in serious danger. 38. One basic travel tool is the guide book although we ______. In other parts of the world trees are don’t always think about how essential it is. There are threatened by people. The great rain forests of Asia several kinds of guidebooks.______. and South America are being destroyed for fire wood and building material. A) For example, basic guidebooks let you know about major tourist attractions hotels and A) What can be done about acid rain? restaurants B) In the 1970s, many of the trees in Europe were B) There is another kind of guidebook which tends to killed by Dutch elm trees be more in-depth C) Nobody knows exactly what is killing the trees, but C) With such guidebooks, you're not just a passing it is probably air pollution or acid rain, as in tourist but a part of the place you are visiting southern Germany D) Most standard guidebooks are useful both before D) Now an even greater danger is threatening the and while traveling forest and woods of Europe E) You can use them effectively as you plan the E) Finally the trees die essentials of your trip. 115 42. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 44. Department stores in Japan are famous for the very 1876. He and his assistant. Thomas A. Watson, had large variety of products that they offer. They are also worked hard on the special telegraph and accidentally famous for the service of their kind and polite discovered a fact:______. assistants. ___. In big department stores you can usually find English speaking assistants. A) they had not only transmitted a complete, intelligible sentence; they had also introduced the A) For example, when you walk into the basement, principle of the resistance transmitter of today’s you can buy food and drinks telephones B) They chose for one day in the middle of the week B) the telephone has been perfected to transmit the C) Usually there are one or two floors where you can picture as well as the voice of the speaker find restaurants and coffee shops C) you can speak from America to Europe by D) A typical Japanese department store starts with a telephone cable on the ocean floor, by radio basement telephone and by satellite E) Even the assistants greet you with a smile and a D) the electric current of the telegraph had bow transmitted the vibrations of a metal spring and, therefore, the current could transmit the vibrations of the voice 45. The Football Association has always been rather E) he transmitted the first complete sentence through traditional in its administration of the his telephone on March 10.1876 game.______. They didn’t say that women were not capable of playing football but that they wouldn’t be allowed to play proper fields with qualified officials in any organized way.
A) Female teams began to appear everywhere B) In 1971 the international bodies F.I.F.A and U.E.F.A decided that their members must recognize the women’s game C) The rule was strictly applied for 49 years D) What broke down the resistance of the Football Association to women’s football was the 1966 World Cup E) In 1921 its members decided to ban women from playing football 43. Radar has made a great difference to the life of a ship’s officer. The radar screen in the wheelhouse shows him every ship that is near him, every piece of land, every rock, every buoy. ______. 46. In order to be healthy, man needs balanced diet He can measure his distance from his own ship and containing protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and he knows the speed of the other ships and the minerals. The carbohydrate in bread rice, potatoes direction they are traveling in. and sugary foods provide energy for the body.______. A) Radar is a great help to the pilot of an airliner too B) Radar allows planes to search large areas of the A) Food is a daily necessity for life sea to find a submarine even at night and in fog B) The diets of different societies have been dictated and to attack before the U-boat could go under by such factors as climate, soil and transportation the water C) Already, with huge foreign debts, many C) And he can see them clearly at might or in thick developing countries cannot buy the food they fog need from abroad D) That is only one example of the many uses of ra- D) Too much carbohydrate, however, results in dar obesity which can endanger health E) The airport usually has radar of more than one E) The food we eat builds our bodies and influences kind our general health
116 47. The reading skills of skimming and scanning are very 49. Only two spiders found in the continental United important when you need to read quickly for States are deadly to humans the black widow and the information. Skimming means reading quickly for brown recluse. The black widow is found in all the 48 information for general meaning. You skim read contiguous states, more commonly in the South and material to find out about the topic, the main ideas and West than in the North. The black widow’s bite is the general organization of a passage. Scanning painful but at least can be treated, there is no effective means knowing what information you need to find treatment for a brown recluse’s bite.______. before you read. ______. A) All tarantulas native to the United States are not A) Reading is still an important part of our lives know to be hazardous to life B) The average book reader spends more than one B) This spider is found predominantly in the South hour a day poring over the pages especially in the Gulf States and in the West D) Then your eyes move quickly to find that particular C) If you don’t know where a spider comes from don’t information handle it D) Reading books will help you to develop good D) Spiders produce three basic types of webs reading skills E) Some of the spiders in the New World tropics are E) You can answer questions correctly if you read extremely dangerous quickly
50. Some people seem to have been born with a good 48. In some ways it is easy to see how pottery aids in sense of direction.______. Others, like myself, can getting the facts about history. Pottery may be easy to even manage to get lost in a department store. break but it’s hard to destroy. ______. And this, over thousands of years, is just what has happened. A) They’ve never disliked the map reading course As pots, jars, tiles and plates were made, used, B) Even when lost in a forest, they find their way broken and thrown away in the same place for home as surely as a dog hundreds of years, there were built up great piles of C) I always feel lost-even with a map in my hand these parts, layer upon layer, each telling much about the people who had used them. D) All they need is a compass, nothing else E) The secret is probably that they never feel lost A) It took ancient man thousands of years to learn how to make pottery B) In the same way, archeology can trace the movement of art at different times in history C) That fact means two things; a lot of it will have to be thrown away, and the broken pieces will not decay D) The chief values of pottery, of course, applies to the times before the development of writing and keeping of records E) How far cultural ideas go from country to country and how they change can be seen in one motif 117 1. (1) Before Galileo, it was thought that a lifeless body 6. (1) It is the accuracy of laser surgery that makes it so would not move of itself. (2) It was further believed efficient. (2) The laser beam can also remove bone that such a body, once in motion would gradually which makes it invaluable in ear surgery. (3) This come to rest. (3) Experimental science was not even accuracy can be increased by sending the beam permitted during the Middle Ages. (4) But Galileo and along fibres of glass finer than a human air. (4) These Newton proved that all the movements of the planets can carry a beam around corners and direct it proceed according to the laws of physics. (5) And that precisely at a tiny area. (5) Then there is virtually no once they are set in motion they are set in motion they risk of damaging healthy cells. will continue indefinitely. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
2. (1) The acts of a single man are as a rule unimportant 7. (1) Correct tyre pressure is more important than many nowadays. (2) But the acts of groups are more people road. (2) The right pressure opens up the important than they used to be. (3) If one man refuses thread, so its edges grip the road. (3) In wet weather to work, that is his own affair. (4) After all, everyone this is obviously of prime importance. (4) The spare stops working when he retires. (5) But if there is a tyre should also be checked occasionally to make su- strike in a vital industry, the whole community suffers. re it is fit for use. (5) But even the weather is dry, tyre pressure should be checked and adjusted regularly. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
3. (1) Actually London dates back to Roman times. (2) Greater London, with its nine million population, includes the City and the County of London. (3) It also includes the outer suburbs and much land that looks more urban than rural. (4) There are no definite 8. (1) Modern theory envisages that the Sun and Solar boundaries, but it covers an area of some twenty System evolved from a primitive nebula. (2) About 5 miles radius from Oxford Circus. (5) It is surrounded million years ago, for reasons unknown, this nebula by a ‘’a green belt’’ and here it is forbidden to build. began to contract. (3) In the outer regions temperature remained even lower. (4) The rotation then speeded A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 up, causing the cloud to flatten into a disk. (5) In the densest part of this disk a proto-sun formed.
4. (1) A thick layer of snow on a steep slope is always A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 liable to avalanche. (2) A lot of avalanches occur in the Alps. (3) A very small disturbance may set it in motion. (4) The vibrations caused by a passing train are sufficient. (5) Once in motion it gains in speed and crushes everything in its path. 9. (1) Written communication is the basis of much communication in the business world. (2) Letter A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 writing, however, has gone into a decline since the appearance of the telephone. (3) It includes letters, 5. (1) At the end of 1974, the prospects of the country reports, memoranda and telex messages. (4) It has were far from rosy. (2) To start with, the rate of the disadvantage of being slower than oral inflation was steadily going up. (3) It only dropped communication. (5) But it has the great advantage of temporarily in July and August. (4) So were the providing a record of transactions so that unemployment figures. (5) And the cold winter served disagreements can be avoided and accuracy to aggravate all the problems. checked.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 118 10. (1) Most children, from time to time, show aggressive 14. (1) Banking services in Hungary are expected to tendencies. (2) This is entirely normal, and should be improve dramatically this year. (2) The installation of a regarded as so. (3) In fact, children should be computerized interbank settlement system will greatly encouraged to express their aggression fully through aid this. (3) Typical banking transactions on the new creative activities and exploration. (4) For this, a safe, network will take less than two minutes. (4) suitable background must be provided. (5) Actually, Consequently no scheme for keeping down inflation more accidents occur indoors than they do outdoors. has been forthcoming. (5) Further the capacity of the services will increase threefold. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
11. (1) There are several reasons why conventional medicine distrusts the practitioners of alternative 15. (1) Obviously oil imports haven’t put a great strain on medicine. (2) Herbalists believe they can cure a wide the national budget. (2) Inflation has become one of range of conditions with plant substances alone. (3) the country’s most important economic problems. (3) These people like to look beyond the immediate This is because it generates instability in the symptoms to the body’s total state. (4) They aim to economy. (4) This in turn reduces capital investment restore health by helping the body to heal itself. (5) which harms productivity and leads to a decline in Their skill lies in knowing which plants are beneficial in living standards. (5) Thus there is a chain process which circumstances. which is hard to break.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
16. (1) The neuromuscular disorder known as ALS strikes 12. (1) The world is growing more and more 5.000 Americans each year. (2) The disease involves environmental conscious. (2) Otherwise the supply of the progressive death of motor neurons. (3) Some raw materials would attract attention. (3) This is families are even more susceptible to the other producing some interesting developments. (4) Some condition. (4) As the condition advances sufferers lose car manufactures, for instance, are now beginning to the ability to speak, to swallow and finally to breathe. give priority to recycling techniques. (5) It is this, (5) Few of them survive more than five years. rather than improved performance, that is receiving attention in the advertisements. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
17. (1) Today the West is in the grip of a second industrial revolution. (2) The first caused a shift from agriculture 13. (1) The film industry is going through bad times. (2) to industry. (3) One solution to the problem of This is partly because studio heads are out-of-touch unemployment thus became apparent. (4) The new with their audiences. (3) Television offers no serious revolution is shifting the economy away from competition against the film industry. (4) It seems that traditional manufacturing to those based upon they don’t appreciate that adult audiences want information, services and new technologies. (5) movies they can talk about. (5) The audiences also Naturally one can’t help wondering whether there’ll be want to be taken to places they’ve never been to. a third industrial revolution in the future.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
119 18. (1) With only minor exceptions, public education in the 22. (1) Some E.U. countries, like Germany, Holland and United States is committed to twelve years of Denmark do not want controls on textile imports. (2) schooling for all the children of all the people. (2) In Others, like France, Italy and Britain believe they need the first year potential truck drivers and janitors sit controls to protect their textile industries. (3) All agree, alongside embryo research physicists and journalists. however, that textile export are vital for developing (3) This is also true of the twelfth year. (4) In most countries. (4) The E.U. countries are, in fact, facing schools, moreover, they use the same textbooks, and tough competition from Japan. (5) The industry are marked on the same standards. (5) Indeed, creates employment they need to pay for imported certain elements of the learning situation cannot be machinery and materials. reproduced at all. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
23. (1) There are various reasons for studying methods of development in animals and plants. (2) It was clear to 19. (1) The Caracas region is in the south of the River the biologists of the 17th century that animals and Amazon. (2) It contains large amounts of iron ore as plants could be fitted into different groups and well as other minerals such as coal, nickel and species. (3) John Ray, a leading biologist of the day, copper. (3) The government wants to develop the defined a species as a group of individuals capable of area, but to develop the mines, metal-making industry inbreeding within the group. (4) This definition has and other projects will cost around 60 billion U.S. survived, more or less unchanged until the present dollars. (4) Twenty two billion dollars of that money day. (5) So it is still the guideline in the systems of will be needed for essential services like roads, classification. railways, housing and hospitals. (5) The most serious problem in Brazil has been chronic unemployment A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 and ever rising inflation.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
24. (1) Mohammad Ali Jinnah has always been considered the actual architect of Pakistan. (2) Other 20. (1) Multinationals are large international companies notable thinkers, however, and men of action have which produce goods in several countries. (2) Some also played a part in the creation of the new state. (3) well-known ones are Ford, Shell, Coca-Cola and In some cases their influence may appear indirect. (4) Unilever. (3) Critics of multinationals do not accept Even so, Pakistan is emerging as a new economic such arguments. (4) Their turn-over is huge, being power in Asia. (5) Nevertheless, they really did share greater in some cases than the national income of in the final result and deserve to be remembered for countries such as Switzerland or the Netherlands. (5) this by the Pakistani people. Usually their business methods are carefully watched by foreign governments. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
25. (1) Fairs were first established in Medieval times as a means of bringing traders and customers together at 21. (1) It has always been assumed that working stated places and periods. (2) Among the earliest conditions are important in determining the motivation examples were those of Winchester and Sturbridge in of the work force. (2) Actually a strike occurs when England (3) To these fairs came traders from the collective bargaining breaks down. (3) If this were so, Continent and the Baltic nature, being largely then the improvement of working conditions would expositions of high technology. (4) Today’s fairs are of invariably lead to higher productivity. (4) But, actually, a different nature, being largely expositions of high this does not always happen. (5) So one has to other technology. (5) They did business with the English factors into consideration. merchants, and goods of every kind were exchanged.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
120 26. (1) Cuneiform is an ancient method of writing on 30. (1) Modern exploration began in the second half of tablets of damp clay. (2) The other early forms of the fifteenth century with the voyages of the great writing also include the runic and the hieroglyphic Portuguese and Spanish discoverers. (2) They were systems. (3) When the tablets were dried and followed by sailors of other European nations. (3) In hardened they formed a permanent script. (4) The less than one hundred years the coastlines of much of origins of cuneiform writing can be traced back to the the Americas, Africa and South-west Asia had been Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. (5) Later on the revealed and the globe circumnavigated. (4) The method was adopted by other Middle Eastern motives of these early explorers were mixed, varying peoples. from adventure and trade to plunder and national power. (5) Further, all these problems were so A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 interrelated that they were only solved several centuries later.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
27. (1) The government of the USA works upon a written constitution. (2) The constitution was framed when the USA came into existence as a republic out of the federation of thirteen states. (3) It was adopted in 1789. (4) The USA government has always followed a policy of peaceful coexistence in the world. (5) Its strength has been well tested and is now the foundation of a federation which comprises fifty states. 31. (1) "Flying saucers’’ is the name given to certain saucer like shapes which have, on occasion, been A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 seen traveling through the atmosphere. (2) For some time speculation was rife, especially in America, as to what they were. (3) So it is time they were taken seriously and studied scientifically. (4) Now, however, it is believed that they are nothing more than 28. (1) Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest and atmospheric phenomena. (5) That is to say they are best developed fields of engineering. (2) Metal fatigue as unreal as mirages or mock suns caused by is a condition leading to breakage when a metal unusual atmospheric conditions. component is subjected to a large number of A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 fluctuating repetitive stresses. (3) It is the cause of most failures in metal components. (4) It results from the repetition, not simply from the size of the stresses. (5) It causes minute cracks in the metal, usually at the surface, which grow and spread.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
32. (1) Studies have shown that even at birth a child responds positively and specifically to the tones of the human voice. (2) Music in particular has been found to (1) The simple word ‘art’ is usually associated with 29. have a soothing effect upon a child. (3) In one such plastic or visual arts. (2) Properly speaking, however, study a film of a new born baby was taken. (4) When it it should also include the arts of literature and music. was examined in slow motion it was found that tiny (3) There are certain characteristics common to all the gestures on the part of the child synchronized with arts. (4) There are at least a dozen current definitions specific tones and syllables from parents. (5) Sounds of beauty. (5) Foremost among them, is the artist’s other than the human voice, however, produced no desire to please. such responses. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
121 33. (1) Generally speaking, the history of English painting 36. (1) It may seem easy to define what living thing is so has not been satisfactorily recorded. (2) Turner was a obviously alive. (2) Men of science and philosophers, remarkable nineteenth-century English painter. (3) He from very early times, have been puzzled about the had an insatiable curiosity to learn for himself the facts structure of the universe. (3) Actually, however, it is of nature. (4) This led him to experience at first hand really very difficult to make an accurate scientific the fiercest storms at sea and climb almost definition. (4) All that can besaid is that living things inaccessible rocks. (5) indeed he endured all, these posses certain characteristics in common. (5) It is hardships to record through his art the subtlest and these that provide the power which results in the rarest of natural phenomena. phenomenon of what is called life.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
37. (1) Morality has, to a considerable extent, become secularized. (2) Morals are no longer regarded as absolute, final or unchangeable. (3) This is not to mi- (1) A knowledge of statistics is now an essential part 34. nimize institutional religion or discount the value of of our normal everyday living. (2) There are many individual belief. (4) Rather, they are seen as man reasons for this. (3) The main reason however, is that, made and as much variable from community to due to technological and socioeconomic community, and from group to group. (5) The real test developments today, statistics is being widely used. of morality has come to be whether or not it (4) There is hardly a newspaper, for instance, that contributes to the social good. does not make use of statistical data. (5) Therefore training in statistics is, in fact, training in the scientific A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 method.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
38. (1) Terrorism is the deliberate and cold blooded exaltation of violence over all forms of political activity. (2) The modern terrorist employs violence not as a necessary evil, but as a desirable form of action. (3) 35. (1) People interested in European affairs have There is, indeed, a definite intellectual background to recently been faced with a series of unprecedented the present wave of terrorism. (4) It is worth noting and startling events in Europe. (2) Yet even when that, the countries that finance and maintain the there were clear signs of impending change, we have international infrastructure of terrorism are, without been unable to see these events coming. (3) exception, despotic states. (5) It springs not only from However, the transitions in Eastern Europe face early 20th century justifications of violence but also greater difficulties than those that have taken place from the postwar philosophy of violence derived from elsewhere. (4) Every time, we have played down their Nietzsche through Heidegger, and widely popularized significance. (5) When called upon to forecast, we by Sartre, his colleagues and disciples. have repeatedly opted for pessimism. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 122 39. (1) The appendix or blind gut is a structure of interest 42. (1) The iron blast furnace is an efficient device for and sometimes concern. (2) As a result man cannot producing large quantities of molten iron. (2) Even so, digest the cellulose which is the main constituent of the blast furnace uses its fuel efficiently. (3) One main plant cell walls. (3) In the human body it is regarded advantage of this type of furnace is its exceptional as a useless relic, and its removal is often beneficial. reliability. (4) The other significant advantage is its (4) The case is very different in herbivorous animals. high rate of iron production. (5) Its only disadvantage (5) In the rabbit, for instance, the appendix is a very is its immense size which makes it very costly. large organ and hibernating animals fill it with food before their winter sleep. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
40. (1) The entrance of the US government into the foreign intelligence business is fairly recent. (2) Even between the two World Wars it did not maintain a 43. (1) Feminism has established beyond all doubt that strong intelligence organization. (3) The army and the very few women find satisfaction except by working navy, however, maintained separate intelligence units outside the home. (2) Many women regard at this time but they were designed specifically to motherhood as a time-consuming obstacle to the meet their own needs in times of war. (4) The great joy of working outside home. (3) There are, duplication of material in this way was soon regarded however, plenty who contest this view. (4) These as excessively wasteful and the system was value the time they spend with their children, are accordingly abolished. (5) Additionally, the State aware that it teaches them patience and sensitivity department kept a watchful eye on world happenings and offers them a clue into their own pasts. (5) and ambassadors regularly reported their Moreover, because they have children they feel a observations. greater responsibility towards the future and the need to ensure its quality. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
41. (1) In Britain, mass broadcasting has been subject to some state control from its early days. (2) One agreed purpose has been to ensure that news comment and 44. (1) Female literacy and infant mortality are closely discussion should be balanced and impartial. (3) To related. (2) One principal cause is increased access to this end, first radio and then TV were entrusted to the programs. (3) As the former goes up the latter comes BBC. (4) The obvious solution to this financial down. (4) Among the poorest countries, women’s pressure was, of course, to allow advertisements. (5) literacy has improved from 8 percent in 1970 to 24 In 1954, however, the BBC’s monopoly came to an percent in 1990. (5) There has been a corresponding end and commercial TV companies were granted drop in infant mortality. licenses. A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 123 45. (1) Charities Cathedral is the medieval equivalent of 48. (1) Few people are enamored of the English weather, the modern effort to put a man on the moon. (2) The but G.K Chesterton is. (2) Out of England the weather medieval peasants who gazed at it must have been is a series of sharp contrasts. (3) He sees it as being overwhelmed by a feeling of wonder. (3) Both as beautiful and as changeable as a women. (4) He represent the perfect combination of individual also makes the interesting point that English achievement and group cooperation. (4) The space landscape painters make the weather the subject of program would never have got off the ground without their paintings. (5) Their European counterparts, on von Braun’s discoveries in the field of jet population. the other hand, only use it to give atmosphere. (5) Similarly, the arches of Char ties would never have scared if an unknown French architect hadn’t devised A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 a system of buttresses to Susan a two-ton block of stone 120 feet in the air.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
49. (1) In recent years remarkable results have been achieved in the field of organ transplants. (2) 46. (1) Tidiness means keeping things out of sight and yet Gradually we are learning more about the chemistry of available when wanted. (2) It implies that there is a memory. (3) This also concerns the genes. (4) special place for everything. (3) In some households Formerly, tissues could not be transplanted. (5) Now half the living-room is regularly treated as storage by using genetically identical twin tissues, surgeons space. (4) It also implies that each thing used finds its are able to do successful organ transplants. way back to its place by a continuous process. (5) The process depends, however, upon the drawer, A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 cupboard and storage space being provided.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
50. (1) Beginning in the mid-60s, there was in the West a 47. (1) An interesting development of recent times in the profound surge or extension of liberalism, revolving world of literature has been the revival of the short once again around individualism. (2) It built upon what story. (2) For three decades or more, this genre had had gone before, but it also represented a significant really gone into a decline. (3) Magazines, in order to redefinition. (3) And it is that surge which provides the survive at all, found it increasingly necessary to immediate backdrop for current American opinion and publish non-fiction, not fiction. (4) Of these, Oscar values. (4) To some extent, the way we perceive a Wilde’s stories were perhaps the most popular of all. decade is affected by that period which immediately (5) Moreover book publishers would only consider precedes it. (5) Indeed, the modern American concept short story collections if the author already had a of freedom has been influenced by this all-pervasive substantial success as a novelist. individualism.
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 124 1. Kübizm 1907 de başlamıştır ve modern sanattaki en 4. 1963'te saç kesimleri giysileri ve esprileri ile Beatles etkili hareketlerden biri olmuştur. onlu yaşlardakilerin sevgilisi haline gelmişti.
A) Cubism began in 1907 and became on of the A) İn 1963, The Beatles with their haircuts, clothes most influential movements in modern art. and jokes became the idol of the teenagers. B) Cubism, which began in 1907, became on of the B) The hair styles, clothes and jokes of The Beatles most active movements in modern art. caused them to be idolized by the teenagers of C) After starting in1907, Cubism became the most 1963. influential movement in modern art. C) What made The Beatles to become the lover of D) Because Cubism started in1907, it turned out to the 1963 teenagers was their haircuts, clothes be one of the most active movements of modern and jokes. art. D) Owing to their hair styles, clothes and jokes in E) One of the most effective movements in modern 1963 The Beatles became the idol of the art, Cubism happened to take off in 1907. teenagers. E) It was the haircuts, clothes and jokes that idolized The Beatles in 1963 in the eye of the teenagers. 2. Soğuk algınlığının tedavisinde aspirin, vücudun virüs- leri yok etme yeteneğini yavaşlatabilir ve Reye Send- romuna yol açabilir.
A) In the treatment of acold, asprin may slow the Patlama, zehirli bir kimyasalın atmosfere yaygın bi- body’s ability to destroy viruses and lead to Re- 5. çimde dağılmasına yol açtı. ye’s syndrome.
B) Reye’s syndrome can be led to by asprin taken in A) The explosion led to the widespread dispersal of a the treatment of a cold and which may slow the poisonous chemical into the atmosphere. body’s ability to destroy viruses. B) Because of the explosion a poisonous chemical C) Asprin, in the treatment of a cold, may lead to Re- was extensively scattered into the atmosphere. ye’s syndrome by slowing the body’s ability to C) The widespread dispersion of a poisonous destroy viruses. chemical into the atmosphere was the result of an D) The body’s ability to destroy viruses in the explosion. treatment of a cold may be slowed by asprin D) The extensive scattering of the poisonous which may lead to Reye’s syndrome. chemical in to the atmosphere was due to the e) In the treatment of a cold, Reye’s syndrome may explosion. be caused by asprin, which may slow the body’s E) It was the explosion which led to the widespread ability to destroy viruses. dispersal of a poisonous chemical into the atmosphere.
3. Çiftlik hayvanları hemen hemen tüm toplumlarca de- ğerli bir ekonomik kaynak olarak kabul edilir.
A) Farm animals are regarded by almost all societies 6. Benzin kapağı sıkıca kapatılmış şişelerde saklanmalı- like a valuable economic resource. dır. B) Farm animals have been regarded by nearly all A) Benzene should be kept in tightly-capped bottles. soieties as a valuable economıc resource. B) Benzene should be kept in bottles with a tight cap. C) Regarded by nearly all societies, farm animals are avaluable economic resource. C) Keep benzene in a tightly-capped bottle. D) That farm animals have been accepted by almost D) You have to keep benzene in tightly-capped all societies is a valuable economic source. bottles. E) A valuable economic source for nearly all E) A tightly-capped bottle is needed to keep benzene societies is farm animals. in.
125 7. ABD’nin Kanada ile sınırı dünyadaki en uzun, koru- 10. California’nın en önemli sorunlarından biri yetersiz su masız, uluslar arası sınırdır. arzıdır.
A) Canada’s border with the US is the longest, A) One of California’s most urgent problems is an unguarded international border of the world. inadequate water supply. B) The border of the US with Canada is longer and B) The most critical problem of California is unguarded than any international border in the inadequate water demand. world. C) An inadequate water supply is perhaps the most C) The US border with Canada is the longest, urgent problem of California. unguarded international border in the world. D) California suffers from inadequate water supply as D) The longest, unguarded international border in the a result of an urgent problem. world is the one between the US and Canada. E) The most urgent problem of one of California’s is E) The US border of Canada is the longest, an inadequate water supply. unguarded international border in the world.
8. Olağan dışı atmosfer koşulları haricinde, yıldırım, yak- 11. Fotoğrafçı Jim Stanfield burundaki makinalı tüfekçinin laşık en fazla on millik bir mesafeden duyulabilir. koltuğuna biniyordu.
A) Other than extraordinary atmosphere conditions A) The photographer Jim Stanfield was riding in thunder can be heard from a distance as long as place of the gunner in the nose. ten B) In the seat of the gunner in the nose was riding B) Thunder can be heard from a distance of about the photographer Jim Stanfield. ten miles except under unusual atmospheric C) Photographer Jim Stanfield was riding in the conditions. gunner’s seat in the nose C) Besides under unordinary atmospheric conditions, D) The photographer’s seat in the nose was being one can hear a thunder only about a distance of ridden by gunner Jim Stanfield. maximum ten miles. E) As photographer, Jim Stanfield was riding in the D) Thunder can always be heard from a distance of gunner’s seat in the nose. about ten miles except under maximum atmospheric conditions. E) One can hear a thunder from a distance of maximum ten miles when there are no unusual atmospheric conditions. 12. Elle yapılan ürünler ekseriya makine ile yapılanlardan daha değerlidir; fakat genellikle ele verici hataları var- dır. 1930'lar sırasında uzun süren bir kuraklık, ortabatı 9. A) Havingtelltale imperfections, goods made by hand Birleşik Devletleri sık sık toz fırtınaların uğrayan ve are usually more valued than the machine-made yağış almayan bir bölge haline dönüştürmüştü. ones.
A) A long period of drought of the 1930’s turned the B) Goods made by hand are often valued than Midwestern United States into a dustbowl. machine-made products, but they usually have telltale imperfections. B) In the 1930’s a drought which lasted more than necessary, turned the Midwest of the United C) Hand-made goods are always more valued than States into a dustbowl. those made by machine, but they often have telltale imperfections. C) What turned the Midwestern United States into a dustbowl was the long lasting drought of the D) Godds made by hand are more precious than 1930’s. machine-made ones, but unfortunately they have telltale imperfections. D) During the 1930’s, a long period of drought turned the Midwestern United States into a dustbowl. E) Though the goods made by hand are often more valued than machine-made products, they usually E) The Midwestern United States was turned into a have telltele imperfections. dustbowl by the long period of drought in 1930. 126 13. Bugün dünyada beş çeşit maymun vardır. 16. Ahtapotun beyninin iki ayrı anı depolama alanı vardır.
A) There are five species of apes today in the world. A) The brain of the octopus has two separate B) Throughout the Earth there are five kinds of memory-storage areas. monkeys only. B) The octopus has two different memory-storage C) Five kinds of apes can be found in the world spaces in its brain. today. C) The brain of the octopus owns two separate D) There are five kinds of apes in the world today. memory-store houses. E) Five species of monkeys are today found in the D) Two separate memory-storage spaces are world. present in an octopus’s brain. E) The octopus stores two separate memories in its brain.
14. Odanın çirkin kızıl-kahve bir halısı vardı ve büro ola- rak döşenmişti.
A) The room was turned into an office and had an ugly reddish-brownish rug. 17. Derek ödevi vaktinde tamamlayamazdı. B) The room had a terrible red and brown carpet and was furnished like an office. A) Derek couldn’t have completed the assignment on C) The room’s carpet was an ugly red brown and had time. been furnished such as an office. B) Derek can’t have completed the assignment on D) The room had an ugly red and brown carpet and time. was furnished as an office. D) Derek shouldn’t have finished the assignment on E) The office was furnished like room and it had had time. an ugly red brown carpet. D) Derek was supposed to have finished the assignment on time. E) Derek must have completed the assignment on time.
15. Komşu devletler genellikle birbirleriyle ticaret anlaş- maları imzalar.
A) Neighbouring countries often sign trade agreements with the others. Güdü öğrenmede esas etkendir. B) Trade agreements are generally signed between 18.
C) Neighbouring states usually sign trade A) Motivation is a primary factor in learning. agreements among themselves. B) A primary factor in learning is motivation. D) Neighbouring states often sign trade agreements C) Motivation used to be a factor in primary learning. with one another. D) Primary motivation is learning’s factor. E) Signing trade agreements between the neighbouring states is usualy. E) Learning a primary factor is motivation
127 19. Şirket, yıllık Noel partisini bir sonraki hafta verecek. 22. Profesör Calculus, 1800 lerde California’da altının bu- lunuşunu anlattı. A) The yearly Xmas party of the company is going to be given one week after. A) Professor Calculus told of the invention of gold in B) The week after next the company will throw its California in 1800. animal Xmas party. B) Professor Calculus talked about the discovery of C) The company will be celebrating its yearly Xmas gold in California in the 1800s. party not this week but the next. C) The discovery of gold California in the 1800s was D) The company is throwing its annual Xmas party talked about by professor Calculus. the week after next. D) Professor Calculus told us the discovery of gold in E) The annual Xmas party is going to be given by th 1800 in California. company after two weeks. E) Professor Calculus would like to explain the discovery of gold in the 1800s
20. Kim Charles’in başkan olarak seçileceğini hayal ede- bilirdi? 23. ABD Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi ve ilaç imalatçıları, ters ilaç tepkileri üzerine bilgi topluyor. A) Who might have imagined Charles would be selected as president? A) The US Food and Drug Administration and drug B) Who could have guessed Charles might be producers are collecting information about elected as the president? opposite drug reactions. C) Who would have şmagened Charles would be B) Information on adverse drug reactions is being picked as the president? collected by the US Food Drug Administration and pharmaceutical manufacturers. D) Who could have guessed Charles would be picked like a president? C) The accumulation of information on oppositedrug reactions is done by the US Food and Drug E) Who would have imagined Charles would have Administration and Drug producers. been picked as the president? D) The US Food and Drug Administartion and the pharmaceutical manufacturers are accumulating information on adverse drug reactions. E) Adverse drug reaction information collection is 21. Bakır ve Alimunyum gibi elektrik iletkenlerin, diğer ilet- being done by the US Food and Drug kenlerin olası sinyal parazitinden korunması gerekir. Administration and pharmaceutical producers.
A) Electrical conductors such as copper and aluminum need to be insulated from the possible signal interference of other conductors. 24. Arılar, yılan balıkları ve somon balıkları uzun yolculuk- lardan sonra belirli bir yere dönebilme yeteneğine sa- B) From the possible signal interference of other hiptir. conductors such as copper and aluminium, electrical conductors must be insulated. A) Af ter a long journey, bees, eels, and salmon C) The insulation of electrical conductors such as could return to a particular point. copper and aluminum from the possibel signal B) Returning to a particular place after a long journey interference of other conductors needs to be do- is succeeded in by bees, eels, and salmon. ne. C) Bees, eels, and salmon are capable of returing to D) The possible signal interference of other a particular place after long journeys. conductors needs to be insulated from electrical conductors such as copper and aluminum. D) After long journeys, bees, eels, and salmon can be returned to a particular point. E) Electrical conductors of copper and aluminum should be insulated from other possible conductor E) Bees, eels, and salmon are able return to a interference. particular place after long journeys.
128 25. Müze, bu yakınlarda yazarın şiirlerinin ilk taslağını 28. Uçurtmalar yaratıcısının zevkine göre boyut, şekil ve satın aldı. aırlık olarak değişiklik gösterir.
A) The museum has recently purchased an early A) Kites are diffrent in size, shape, and weight draft of the author’s poems. according to the taste of their makers. B) The author’s early draft of one of his poems was B) According to the fancy of their creators,kites vary purchased by the museum. in their shape size and weight. C) Recently the museum has sold one of the drafts of C) The size, shape and weight of the kites is various the author’s poems. according to the pleasure of the manufacturer. D) The draft of the author’s recent poems has been D) Kites vary in size, shape and weight, according to bought by the museum the fancy of their creators. E) An early draft the poems of the author has been E) The creators of the kites vary according to size sold by the museum. shape and weight.
26. Çoğu başkentlilerin aksine Brazil, özellikle devlet dai- relerini yerleştirmek için inşa edilmiştir. 29. Beş kişilik takım seksen kilometreyi üç saaten daha az bir zamanda koştu. A) Unlike most capital cities. Brasilia was constructed specifically to house government offices. A) The five-man team ran eighty kilometres in less B) Brasılıa was especially constructed for than three hours. government offices settling unlike most of the B) In less than three hours, a team of five people ran capital cities. eighty kilometres. C) The construction of Brasılıa other than most other C) The five man team covered eighty kilometres in capital cities was specifically for the housing of under three hours. government offices. D) Eighty kilometres was run by a team of five in less D) Like many capital cities, Brasılıa’s construction than three hours. was especially for the settlement of the E) In less than three hours, a five-man team jogged government offices. eighty kilometres. E) Especially for the housing of the government offices, unlike most other capital cities, Brasılıa was constructed.
30. 1968'de John Steinbeck’e ünlü romanı Gazap Üzüm- leri ile Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü verilmiştir.
A) In 1968, John Steinbeck took the Nobel literature 27. Tüm denekler, deneye temiz dişler ve sağlıklı diş eti prize with his famous novel. The Grapes of Wrath. ile başlamıştı. B) John Steinbeck’s acclaimed novel. The Grapes of Wrath was given the Nobel Prize for literature in A) All test subjects were bound to start the 1968. experiment with clean teeth and healithy gums. C) In 1968 John Steinbeck was given the Nobel Prize B) All test subjects were asked to start the lest with a for literature for his acclaimed novel, The Grapes clean tooth and a healthy gums. of Wrath. C) All test subjects started the expenment with clean D) John Steinbeck received the famous Nobel Prize teeth and healthy gums. for Literature in 1968 With his novel The Grapes D) All test subjects should have started the of Wrath. experiment with healthy teeth and clean gums. E) In 1968, the Nobel Prize for literature was given to E) The experiment must have been started with John Steinbeck’s acclaimed novel, The Grapes of healthy gums and clean teeth by all test subjects. Wrath. 129 31. Kamu ve eğitim kanaları hariç televizyonun toplumu- 34. Maratondaki diğer tüm spor etkinliklerine ek olarak her muz üzerinde kişiliksizleştirici bir etkisi vardır. yarışmacı üç millik dağ tırmanışına katılmak zorun- daydı. A) Other than public and educational channels television possesses a dehumanizing effect on the A) In addition to all the other sporting events in the society. maraton, each contestant had to go on a three- B) Tlevision has a deteriorating effect on our society mile mountain climb. but not the public and educational channels. B) Besides all the events in the marathon port, each C) Except for public and educational channels the of the contestants ought to have on three miles of dehumanizing effect of television on our society is mountain climbing. present. C) A three-mile mountain climb ws a must in addition D) Television’s dehumanizing effect on the society to all the other sports events in the marathon. can easily be seen except for public and D) In addition to all the other sporting events in the educational channel. marathon, all the contestants had to go on a E) Television except for public and educational three-miles mountain climb. channels has a dehumanizing effect on our E) Every one of the contestants had to go on a three- society. mile mountain climb other than all the sports activities in the marathon.
32. Deve kuşu ve tepeli deve kuşu gibi bazı iri kuşlar 35. Kocam ve ben bu küçük kasabada çok mutluyuz. uçamayacak kadar büyük ve ağırdır. A) My husband and I are very happy in this small A) Some huge birds, like the ostrich and the town. cassowary are large and heavy enough to fly. B) Here in this little town my husband and I are very B) Birds such as the ostrich and the cassowary are happy. too big and heavy to fly. C) In this small town, my husband and I are a lot C) Some large birds such as the ostrich and the happer. cassowary, are too large and heavy to fly. D) My husband and I are more than happy in this D) The ostrich and the cassowary are big and heavy small town. and they cannot fly. E) We my husband and I are very happy in this small E) The ostrich and the cassowary are huge birds and town. they are too heavy to fly.
36. Bu yüzylın en büyük mühendislik başarılarından birisi Panama Kanalı’nın inşaatı idi.
A) One of the greatest engineering feats of this 33. Hiç bir sorun çevre kirliliğinden daha ciddi değildir. century was the building of the Panama Canal. B) The building of the Panama Canal is considered a A) No problem is more serious than environmental one of the greatest engineering marvels of our pollution. century. B) Environmental pollution is more serious than any C) The gretest engineering feat of this century was problem. the building of the Panama Canal. C) No problem is more serious than any D) The Panama Canal was built as an engineering environmental problem marvel of this century. D) One more serious problem is the pollution of the E) One of the greatest engineeringh feats of our environment. century was the consturuction of the Panama E) Any problem is more serious than environmental Canal. pollution. 130 37. 1950'lerde dev süpermarketlerin açılması mahalle 40. Müdür erkek personele bıyıklarını kestirtti. bakkallarının sayısında azalmaya yol açmıştır. A) The manager had the male personel to get his A) The opening of gigantic supermarkets in the moustache shaved off. 1950s caused a decrease in the number of B) The male personnel’s moustaches were shaved of grocery stores around the corner. by the manager. B) The opening of mammoth supermarkets in the C) The manager had the male personnel shave their 1950s led to the decline of the neighborthood moustaches off. grocery stores. D) The manager let he male personnel have their C) With the decrease in the number of grocery stores moustaches shaved off. cigantic supermarkets were opened in the 1950s E) The manager had the moustaches shaved ff by D) The neighborthood grocery store decline in the the male personnel. 1950s led to an increase in the number of mammoth supermarkets. E) Mammoth supermarkets were opened in the 1950s as a result of the decrease in the round the comer grocery stores. 41. Diş ısıların vücut ısısını aşmasına gerek yoktur ve güneşe doğrudan maruz kalmak gerekli değildir.
A) Outer temperatures should not exceed the body 38. Aşıların kullanımı pek çok çocuk hastalığını etkin bi- emperature and direct exposure to sun is not a çimde ortadan kaldırmıştır. necessity. B) Extemal temperatures need not exceed the body A) The vaccination usage eliminated many of the temperature and direct exposure to the sun is not diseases of children. necessary. B) The effective use of vaccines has effectively C The body temperature should not have been eliminated most childhood diseases. exceeded by outer temperature and direct C) Effective vaccination has abolished effective exposure to the sun is out of the question. childhood diseases. D) Extemal temperatures exceeding the body D) The use of vaccines has effectively eliminated temperature is not necessity and direct exposure many shildhood diseases. to the sun is not needed. E) The abolition of many childhood diseases has E) The body temperature should not have been been effectively realised by vaccines. exceeded by the outer temperatures and direct exposure to the sun is not necessary.
39. Hasta muayene esnasında rahat bir biçimde yatıyor olmalıdır. 42. Ayın çekim gücü gel gite neden olur.
A) The patient must lie comfortably during the A) Tides cause the gravitational influence of the inspection. moon. B) During the examination the patient should be lying B) Tides are caused by the gravitational infkuence of comfortably. the moon. C) The patient must be lain comfortably during the C) The gravitational influence of the moon is the examination. cause of tides. D) Patient’s lying comfortably during the inspection is D) The moon causes the gravitational influence of necessary. tides. E) The patient must be lying comfortably during the E) Tides are the cause of the moon’s gravitational examination. influence. 131 43. Çoğu savaş, toprak, güç ve güven arzusundan patlak 46. Yem, alabalığa aynı noktada günün aynı vaktinde ve- vermiştir. rilmelidir.
A) Most of the wars started from the desire for earth, A) At the same location and at the same time the power and security. feed of the trout should be offered. B) The desire for land, power and security gave way B) Feed should be offered to trout at the same to kost wars. location and at the same time of day. C) Many of the wars have started from a desire for C) Feed the trout at the same time of the day from land, power and security. the same point. D) Earth power and security desire gave way to most D) The trout must be fed from the same location at wars. the same time of the day. E) Most wars have started from a desire for land E) Feed has to b offered by the trout at the same power and security. location and at about the same time of day.
47. Bir süredir Jack tablolarını Perlson Sanat Galerisinde 44. Şemsiyeni kapatabilirsin. Yağmur durmuşa benziyor. satıyor.
A) Close your umbrella. The rain must have ceased. A) For the time being Jack is selling his aintings to Perlson Art Gallery. B) You can close your umbrella. The rain seems to have stopped. B) The paintings of Jack are being sold by Perlson Art Gallery for some time. C) No need to close your umbrella. The rain should have stopped. C) Nowadays Jack’s paintings are being purchased by Perlson Art Gallery. D) The rain seems to have stopped, close your umbrella. D) For some time Jack has been selling his paintings to Perlson Art Gallery. E) You can close your umbrella. The rain has stopped. E) Perlson Art Gallery has been buying Jack’s paintings for some time.
48. Ülke, ek finansman olmaksızın dış borç yükümlülükle- rini yerine getiremeyebilir. 45. Şişmanlık harket özgürlüğünü kısıtlar özellikle de yaş- lılarda. A) The country may not be able to meet its foreign debt commitments without additional financing. A) Particularly in the old, movement fredom is B) The country’s meeting its foreign debt banned by fatness. commitments without extra financing is B) Obesity restricts freedom of movement especially impossible. in the elderly. C) Without extra finance the country is not likely to C) The freedom of movement is restricted in the old, fulfill its foreign debt commitments. especially by obesity. D) Foreign debt commitments cannot be met by the D) The movement freedom of the elderly is restricted country without additional finance. through fatness. E) The country doesn’t have enough financing to E) The fat restructing movement of freedom is meet its foreign debt commitments. especially seen in the elderly. 132 49. Balığın böbreği, atıkları vücuttan atma işleminde kul- lanılır.
A) The kidney of the fish is being used in the process of throwing waste from its body. B) A fish uses its kidney to excrete waste from its body. C) The waste is thrown out of the body through the kidney of a fish. D) The kidney of a fish is used in the process of excreting waste from the body. E) The kidney is used in the process of exreting waste from the body of a fish.
50. Eski Batı yerleşkelerinde, sığır hırsızları bazen asılır- dı.
A) Cattle thieves were hung in the early Western settlements. B) In the early Western settlements, cattle thieves were sometimes hanged C) They sometimes used to hang the cattle thieves in the early Western settlements. D) Cattle thieves were hanged in the early Western settlements. E) In the earlier Western settlements, cattle thieves were sometimes to be hung.
133 1. Battles between environmentalists and the oil industry E) New York’taki Verrazano-Narrows Köprüsü. San are as inevitable as spats between Tom and Jerry. Francisco’daki Golden Gate Köprüsü’nden sadece altmış kadem daha uzundur. A) Tom ve Jerry arasındaki kavgalar kadar 3. Soybeans can provide vegetarians with a nutritionally kaçınılmaz olan çevrecilerle petrol sanayi balanced diet for a a low price. arasındaki savaşlardır. B) Çevrecilerle petrol sanayi arasındaki savaşlar A) Soya fasulyesi vejetaryenleri uygun fiyata dengeli Tom ve Jerry arasındaki kavgalar kadar biçimde besler. kaçınılmazdır. B) Vejetaryenler için dengeli ve ucuz beslenme soya C) Çevrecilerle petrolcüler arasında kaçınılmaz olan fasulyesi ile sağlanabilir. savaş. Tom ile Jerry arasındaki kavga gibidir. C) Soya fasulyesinin vejetaryenlere sağladığı besin D) Tom ve Jerry arasındaki kavgalar çevrecilerle değeri yüksek dengeli beslenme ve tasarrufudur. petrolcüler arasındaki savaşları kaçınılmaz D) Et yemezler için dengeli, ucuz ve besleyici bir kılmıştır. yiyecek soya fasulyesidir. E) Çevrecilerle petrol sanayindekiler arasında E) Soya fasulyesi, et yemeyenlere ucuz fiyata kaçınılmaz olanlar aynen Tom ve Jerry’nın besleyici ve dengeli bir rejim sağlayabilir. kavgaları gibidir.
4. Humans will never run 100 m in nine seconds. but they will try.
A) İnsanlar hiçbir zaman dokuz saniyede koşamayacakları 100 metreyi deneyeceklerdir. B) İnsan 100 metreyi hiçbir şekilde dokuz saniyede koşamayacaktır; fakat yine de deneyecektir. C) İnsanlar 100 metreyi asla dokuz saniyede koşamayacaklardır; fakat deneyeceklerdir. D) İnsanlar deneyecekleri 100 metreyi asla dokuz saniyede koşmayı başaramayacaklardır. E) Asla dokuz saniyede koşulamayacak olan 100 metre insanlarca denenecektir. 2. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York is only sixty feet longer than the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.
A) A.San Francisco’daki Golden Gate Köprüsü’nden sadece 60 kadem uzun olan New York’taki 5. The world fist transcontinental railroad system linked Verrazano-Narrows köprüsüdür. the United States by rail from coast to coast. B) B. New York’taki Verrazano-Narrows Köprüsü. A) Dünyanın ilk kıtalararası demiryolu sistemi, San Francisco’da ki Golden Gate Köprüsü’nden Birleşik Devletleri sahilden sahile demiryolu ile altmış kadem daha uzundur. bağlamıştı. C) Verrazano-Narrows Köprüsü. New York’ta olup B) Birleşik Devletlerin bir uçtan bir uca bağlanması, San Francisco ‘da bulunan Golden Gate dünyanın ilk kıtasal demiryolu sayesinde mümkün Köprüsü’nden altmış kadem daha uzundur. olmuştur. D) New York’un Verrazano-Narrows Köprüsü’nün C) Amerika kıtasının kıyıdan kıyıya geçilerek boyu sadece San Francisco Golden Gate birleştirilmesi, dünyanın ilk kıtasal demiryolu ile Köprüsü’nden altmış kadem daha uzundur. gerçekleşmiştir.
134 D) Dünyanın ilk kıtayı kateden demiryolu sistemi, D) Beyninde üç ana bölüm bulunan normal bir Birleşik Devletleri bir yakadan diğerine raylarla insanın, 14 kilogram ağırlığında olan bir beyni, bağlamıştır. beyinciği ve beyin sapı vardır. E) Dünyanın ilk kıtaları bağlayan demiryolu sistemi, E) Beyin, beyincik ve beyin sapının üç ana bölüm bir kıyıdan diğerine Birleşik Devletleri bağlamıştır. olarak meydana getirdiği beyin her normal insanda bulunur ve yaklaşık 14 kilogramdır. 6. In the severe epidemic of the plague in Europe in the 14th century, the death toll was appalling. 8. The internet was created by the Pentagon’s advanced research projects agency during the Kennedy era. A) Ölü sayısının dehşet verici olduğu dönem, 14’üncü yüzyılda Avrupa’daki ciddi veba salgını A) Pentagon ileri araştırma projeleri ajansı, Kennedy sırasındaydı. dönemi sırasında interneti yaratmıştır. B) Avrupa’daki veba salgınları sırasında ölü sayısı B) İnternetin yaratıcısı, Kennedy dönemi sırasındaki 14’üncü yüzyılda ciddi ve korkutucu hale gelmiştir. Pentagon ileri araştırma projeleri ajansıydı. C) 14’üncü yüzyılda Avrupa’daki ciddi veba C) İnternet, Kennedy dönemi sırasında Pentagon’un salgınında ölü sayısı dehşet vericiydi. ileri araştırma projeleri teşkilatı tarafından D) Ölü sayısındaki korkunç artış, 14’üncü yüzyılda yaratılmıştı. Avrupa’daki veba salgınında ciddi bir düzeye D) Kenneyd döneminin ileri araştırmaları ulaşmıştır. projelendirme kuruluşu Pentagon interneti E) Veba salgını nedeniyle ölü sayısındaki ciddi artış, yaratmıştı. 14’üncü yüzyıl Avrupa’sında dehşet verici bir hal E) İnterneti oluşturmak, kennedy döneminde almıştır. Pentagon ileri araştırma projeleri ajansına verilmişti.
9. Before the middle of the eighteenth century, there were no public libraries in the U.S
A) 18’inci yüzyılın ortalarından önce, abd ‘de kamu kütüphaneleri mevcut değildi. B) ABD’deki halk kütüphaneleri, 18’inci yüzyılın ikinci yarısında açılmıştır. C) 18’inci yüzyılın ortalarına gelinmeden önce, ABD’de bir tane bile halk kütüphanesi yoktu. D) ABD ‘de kamu kütüphanelerinin açılması, 18’inci yüzyılın ortalarında gerçekleşmiştir. E) 18’inci yüzyılın ortalarından önce, ABD’de hiç halk 7. The brain of the average human being weighs kütüphanesi yoktu. approximately 14 kilograms and consists of three main parts- the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem.
A) Ortalama bir insanın beyni, 14 kilogram gelen üç 10. The role of Soviet spies in the making of the Russian kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Bunlar beyin, beyincik ve A-bomb is the subject of a new three – part TV series. beyin sapıdır. B) Normal bir insanın beyni, yaklaşık 14 kilogram A) Atom bombasının yapılışında casusların rolü, üç gelir ve üç ana kısımdan oluşur. Beyin, beyincik bölümü yeni bir rus televizyonunun dizisi olan ve beyin sapı. ‘Kızıl Bomba’nın konusu olmuştur. C) Beyin, beyincik ve beyin sapının oluşturduğu B) ‘Kızıl Bomba’ üç bölümlük yeni bir televizyon insan beyninin14 kilogram kadar gelen üç ana dizisinin adı olup, konusu, Sovyetler’in atom bölümü vardır. bombası yapmasında casusların rolüdür.
135 C) Rus atom bombasının yapımında Sovyet B) Ses yinelenmesi ve yarım uyak gibi şiirsel casuslarının rolü ‘Kızıl Bomba’ isimli yeni üç deyimlerle modern şairler denemeler yapmaktadır. bölümlük televizyon dizisinin konusudur. C) Şiirsel anlatım şekilleri, örneğin, ses yinelenmesi D) Üç bölümlü yeni bir televizyon dizisi olan ‘Kızıl ve yarım uyak, modern şairlerin denemeleridir. Bomba’nın konusu Rusların atom bombası D) Çağdaş şairler, ses yinelenmesi ve yarım uyak imalinde Sovyet casusların rolüdür. gibi şiirsel sözcük oyunları ile denemeler E) ‘Kızıl Bomba’ adlı üç bölümden oluşan yeni yapmaktadır. televizyon dizisi Sovyet casuslarının Rusların E) Yazınsal ustalıklardan olan ses yinelenmesi ve atom bombası yapmasındaki rolünü yarım uyakla çağdaş şairler denemeler yansıtmaktadır. yapmaktadır. 11. An erupting volcano or an eartquake sometimes 14. Life in the forest is a constant battle for survival. affects the features of the surrounding region and can even cause lakes to disappear. A) Ormandaki yaşam, yaşamı sürdürmek için yaşamaktır. A) Patlayan bir volkan ya da deprem, bazen çevrenin B) Ormanda yaşamak için sürekli savaşmak özelliklerini etkiler ve hatta göllerin yok olmasına gerekmektedir. neden olabilir. C) Ormandaki yaşam, yaşamı sürdürmek için sürekli B) Volkanın patlaması veya deprem, kimi zaman bir savaştır. çevresel özellikleri etkilemekte ve göllerin bile yok olmasına yol açmaktadır. D) Ancak sürekli olarak savaşılarak ormanda yaşanabilir. C) Çevrede değişik özellikler ortaya çıkartan volkan patlaması ve deprem, arada sırada bir gölü bile E) Orman yaşantısı, yaşantıyı sürdürmek için yok etmektedir. devamlı savaşmayı gerektirir. D) Patlayan bir volkan veya çevreyi sallayan bir deprem, bazen bir gölün bile ortadan yok olmasına neden olan özellikler oluşturmaktadır. E) Volkan patlaması ya da deprem bazen çevredeki yörelerin niteliğini bozabilmekte ve hatta göllerin yok olmasına neden olmaktadır.
15. In the ancient times wealth was measured tangibly.
12. Parsley is cultivated throughout much of the world. A) Eski günlerde sağlık somut bir şekilde ölçülürdü. B) Eski günlerde refah, somut bir biçimde ölçülürdü. A) Maydanoz, dünyanın hemen hemen her yerinde ekilir. C) Eskiden sağlığı ölçmek için somut şeyler kullanılırdı. B) Dünyanın büyük bir kısmında maydanoz ekimi yapılır. D) Refahın ölçüsü eski devirlerde somut nesnelerdi. C) Maydanoz, dünyanın büyük bir kısmında E) Somut şeyler, eski çağlarda sağlığın ölçüsüydü. yetiştirilir. D) Dünyanın her yöresinde maydanoz hasatı yapılır. E) Maydanoz yetiştiriciliği, tüm dünyada yaygındır.
13. Moderns poets have experimented with poetic devices such as alliteration and assonance.
A) Modern şairlerin denemeler yaptığı şiirsel anlatım 16. I first met Colin over twenty years ago at the şekilleri, ses yinelenmesi ve yarım uyaktır. university.
136 A) Yirmi yıldan biraz fazla bir zaman önce A) New Hampshire’in hiçbir yöresi denizden uzak üniversitede ilk kez Colin’le karşılaşmıştım. değildir. B) Colin’le ilk kez yirmi yılı aşkın bir süre önce B) New Hampshire’in hiçbir yerinde su uzakta üniversitede tanıştım. değildir. C) Colin’le ilk tanışmamız bundan yirmi yıl önce C) Su, New Hampshire’in hiçbir yöresinsn fazla üniversitedeyken olmuştu. uzağında bulunmaz. D) Colin’i üniversitede ilk tanıyışım yirmi yıldan fazla D) New Hampshire’in hiçbir bölümünün denize olan önceydi. uzaklığı fazla değildir. E) Yirmi yılı aşkın bir süre önce, Colin’le ilk kez E) New hampshire’in hiçbir yerinden herhangi bir su üniversitedeyken tanışmıştım. kaynağına ulaşmak zor değildir. 17. The average age of the Mediterranean olive tree today is two hundred years. 20. A number of battels were fought between the fleets of Nelson and Napoleon. A) Akdeniz zeytin ağacının ortalama yaşı 200 yıl kadardır. A) Nelson ve Napolyon’un donanmaları arasındaki B) Günümüzde Akdeniz zeytin ağacının ortalama savaşların sayısı çok fazladır. yaşı iki yüz yıldır. B) Napolyon ve Nelson’un donanmaları sayısız kez C) İki yüz yılı aşkın süredir yaşayan Akdeniz zeytin savaşmıştır. ağacı bugün bulunmaktadır. C) Nelson ve Napolyon’u7n donanmaları arasında bir D) Akdeniz bölgesindeki zeytin ağacının ortalama dizi savaş olmuştur. yaşı bugün iki yüz senedir. D) Nelson ve Napolyon’un donanmaları arasındaki E) İki yüz sene Akdeniz bölgesine özgü zeytin savaşların sayısı gereğinden fazladır. ağacının ortalama yaşıdır. E) Nelson ve Napolyon’un donanmaları sayısız kereler karşı karşıya gelmiştir.
18. A horse should be fed according to its individual needs end the nature of its work.
Handicrafts can be made out of many types of A) Atlar gereksinime ve yaptığı işe göre 21. materalis, such as wood and leather. beslenmelidir.
B) Atları beslerken yaptığı işin özelliği ve kişisel A) El işleri pek çok malzemeden yapılabilir, örneğin gereksinimleri göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. tahta ve deri gibi. C) At neye ihtiyaç duyuyorsa ona göre beslenmeli ve B) El sanatları, tahta ve deri gibi pek çok bu arada işi de dikkate alınmalıdır. malzemeden yapılabilir. D) At ferdi gereksinimlerine ve yaptığı işin özelliğine C) Tahta ve deri gibi el sanatları farklı türde göre beslenmelidir. malzemeden yapmak olanak dahilindedir. E) Atın beslenmesinde gerek duyduğu şeyler ve D) El sanatları tahta ve deri benzeri çeşitli yaptığı işin niteliği dikkate alınmalıdır. malzemelerden yapma olasılığı vardır. E) Tahta ve deri gibi çeşitli malzemelerden el işleri yapılabilir.
19. No part of New Hampshire is far from water.
137 22. The guard made the man without a permit leave the 25. Most banks willnot allow you to withdraw money too parking lot. ten days.
A) Nöbetçi, izni olmadığı için adamı park yerinden A) Bankaların çoğu on gün süreyle para çekmemize uzaklaştırdı. izin vermeyecektir. B) Bekçi, izni olmayan adamı park yerinden kovdu. B) Çoğu banka, paranızı on gün tuttuktan sonra C) Bekçi, izin belgesiz adma park yerini terk ettirdi. çekme izni verecektir. D) İzin belgesi bulunmayan adam, nöbetçi tarafından C) Pek çok banka, ancak on gün geçtiğinde para park yerinden çıkarıldı. çekme izni verecektir. E) Bekçi, adamı izni olmadığı için park yerine almadı. D) Bankaların pek çoğu, on günden evvel para çekme izni vermeyecektir. E) Çoğu banka, on gün süreyle para çekmemize izin 23. Rebecca must have been exhausted after allthose vermeyecektir. laps. 26. Pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria and rarely A) Rebecca, bütün bu turlardan sonra tükenmiş results from pure virus infection. olmalıydı. A) A. Zaturree genellikle bakteriye neden olur, ama B) Bütün bu turları sonrası Rebecca’yı tüketebilirdi. nadiren saf virüs enfeksiyonu ile sonuçlanır. C) Rebecca bu kadar tur attıktan sonra tükenmiş B) Genellikle zatürreeye neden olan bakteridir ve olabilir. nadiren de. saf virüs enfeksiyonu buna neden D) Bu kadar çok turu koştuktan sonra Rebecca olur. tükenmeliydi. C) Zatüreye genellikle bakteriler neden olur ve E) Rebecca, bunca turdan sonra tükenmiş olmalı. zatürre, nadiren saf virüs enfeksiyonundan kaynaklanır. D) Bakteriler genelde zatürreeye ve nadiren de saf virüs enfeksiyonuna neden olur. E) Zatürree genellikle bakteriler, nadiren de saf virüs enfeksiyonunca başlatılır.
24. Each laboratory should be able to indicate the level of factors VIII and IX.
A) Faktör VIII ve IX ‘un düzeyi her labaratuvarca belirlenmelidir. 27. There should have been more rainfall during the B) Her laboratuar faktör VIII ve IX’u düzey olarak winter months. belirleyebilmelidir. C) Her laboratuar faktör VIII ve IX'un düzeyini A) Kış aylarında daha fazla yağmur yağmalıydı. belirleyebilmelidir. B) Yağmurun, kış ayları boyunca daha fazla yağması D) Faktör VIII ve IX’un düzeyine her laboratuar işaret gerekirdi. edebilmelidir. C) Yağmur, kış ayları sırasında daha fazla yağmış E) Her laboratuar faktör VIII ve IX düzeyinde olmalıydı. belirleme yapabilmelidir D) Yağmurun daha fazla yağması gerektiği aylar, kış aylarıydı. E) Yağmur kışın daha fazla yağmış olmalıydı.
138 28. At the last minute. A swift kick by one player tied the 31. The average American college costs more than eight game. thousand dollars per year.
A) Son dakikada bir oyuncunun hızlı vuruşu oyunu A) Her yıl için ortalama bir Amerikan üniversitesinin bağladı. ederi sekiz bin dolardan daha fazladır. B) Son dakikada bir oyuncunun sıkı bir şutu oyunu B) Sıradan bir Amerikan üniversitesi yılda sekiz bin beraberliğe taşıdı. dolardan fazlaya gelmektedir. C) Bir oyuncunun çektiği sıkı bir şutla oyun, son C) Orta halli bir Amerikan üniversitesi yılda sekiz bin dakikada berabere oldu. dolardan daha fazlaya mal olmaktadır. D) Hızlı bir vuruşta oyuncu son dakikada oyunu D) Sekiz bin dolardan daha fazla bir para şöyle böyle bağladı. bir Amerikan üniversitesinde bir yıl okumak için E) Bir oyuncunun sert şutu, son dakikada oyunda gereklidir. beraberliği sağladı. E) Orta derecede bir Amerikan üniversitesindeki bir yıl için sekiz bin dolardan fazla bir para gereklidir. 29. Viny! Has now largely replaced leather in the manufacture of handbags. 32. The most visible changes of aging take place in the skin. A) El çantalarının yapımında artık derinin yerine daha fazla vinil kullanılmaktadır. A) Yaşlanmanın görünen belirtileri deride yer alır. B) Vinil el çantalarının yapımında derinin yerini B) Derideki en belirgin değişiklikler yaşlanmayla tamamen almıştır. ilgilidir. C) Vinil artık el çantalarının imalatında büyük ölçüde C) Yaşlanmanın gözle görünen değişiklikleri deride derinin yerini almıştır. meydana gelir. D) Derinin yerine el çantalarının imalatında artık D) Yaşlanmanın en belirgin değişikleri deride büyük ölçüde vinil kullanılmaktadır. meydana gelir. E) El çantalarının imalatında artık deri yerine daha E) Derideki değişiklikler yaşlanmanın en belirgin fazla vinil kullanılmaktadır. olanlarıdır.
33. The first two decades of this century were dominated 30. There is less oxygen available in the atmosphere of by microbe hunters. Jupiter than there is on Earth. A) Bu yüzyılın ilk iki on yılını mikrop avcıları ele A) Dünyanın atmosferinde Jüpiter’in atmosferinden geçirmiştir. daha fazla oksijen vardır. B) Bu yüzyılının ilk yirmi yılına mikrop avcıları hakim B) Jüpiter’in atmosferinde Dünya’da bulunandan olmuştur. daha az oksijen vardır. C) Mikrop avcıları bu yüzyılın ilk yirmi yılında C) Oksijenin varlığı Jüpiter’e göre Dünya hakimiyeti ele geçirmişlerdir. atmosferinde daha fazladır. D) Mikrop avcıları bu yüzyılın ilk yirmi yılında baskın D) Jüpiter’in atmosferindeki mevcut oksijen, dünya çıkmışlardır. atmosferindeki oksijenden daha fazladır. E) Yüzyılımızın ilk yirmi yılında mikrop avcılarının E) Dünya atmosferinde Jüpiter atmosferine göre egemenliği süregelmiştir. daha fazla oksijen vardır.
34. The first man at the scene of the accident immediately called an ambulance, but he was unable to help any of the victims. 139 37. Crater Lake, with a 4000-foot depht. Is deeper than A) Kaza yerindeki ilk kişi, acilen bir ambulans aradı; any other lake in the North American continent. fakat kurbanlardan herhangi birine yardım edecek durumda değildi. B) Kaza yerine ilk gelen kişi, derhal bir ambulans A) Crater Gölü’nün 400 kadem derinliği. Kuzey çağırdı; fakat kurbanlardan hiç birine yardım Amerika kıtasındaki bütün göllerden daha derindir. edemedi. B) 4000 kadem derinlikle, Crater Gölü. Kuzey C) Ambulans, kaza yerine gelen ilk kişi tarafından Amerika kıtasındaki herhangi bir gölden daha çağırıldı; fakat herhangi bir kurbana yardım derindir. edilebilmesi söz konusu değildi. C) Crater Gölü’nün 4000 kadem derinliği, onu Kuzey D) Adam, kaza yerine ilk önce geldi ve hemen Amerika kıtasındaki tüm göllerden daha derin ambulansa telefon etti, ama kurbanlardan hiçbiri kılmaktadır. için yapabileceği bir şey yoktu. D) Kuzey Amerika kıtasındaki göllerin en derin 4000 E) Kaza kurbanları için elden gelen hiçbir şey yoktu. kadem derinlikle Crater Gölüdür. Bu nedenle de adam acilen bir ambulans çağırdı. E) 4000 kadem derinliğindeki Crater Gölü, Kuzey Amerika kıtasındaki her bir gölden daha derindir. 35. There are many theories about the begınnıng of drama in ancient Greece. 38. The over- dependence of modern man on machines could have disastrous consequences on the future of A) Antika Yunan’da dramanın başlaması konusunda mankid. bir yığın kuram vardır. B) Yunanistan’da eskiden dramanın ortaya çıkması A) İnsanoğlunun geleceği üzerinde makinelere ile ilgili teoriler sayısızdı. bağımlılığın feci sonuçları olabilir. C) Dramanın ortaya çıkması ile ilgili olarak, eski B) Modern insanın makinelere fazlasıyla bağımlı Yunan’da çok sayıda teorem vardır. olması onun geleceğinde feci sonuçlar yaratabilir. D) Eski Yunan’da tiyatronun başlangıcı konusunda C) Modern insanın geleceğindeki feci sonuçlar pek çok kuram vardır. makinelere olan aşırı bağımlılığın sonucudur. E) Kuramların çoğu, eski Yunan’da tiyatronun ortaya D) Modern insanın makinelere aşırı bağımlılığının çıkışı ile ilgilidir. insanoğlunun geleceğinde feci sonuçları olabilir. E) İnsanlığın geleceğindeki feci sonuçlar makinelere olan aşırı bağımlılığından olabilir.
36. Some dentists advocate the use of salt for brushing teeth rather than buying commercial toothpaste. 39. Greece has the most island in the EC. The longest A) Bazı diş hekimleri, piyasada satılan diş macununu military service and the highest rate of inflation. satın almaktansa dişleri fırçalamak için tuz kullanmayı savunmaktadır. A) AT’deki en fazla ada, en uzun zorunlu askerlik ve B) Kimi diş hekimlerine göre ticari diş macunlarını en yüksek enflasyon oranı Yunanistan’a aittir. satın almak yerine dişleri tuzla fırçalamak B) AT içindeki en yüksek enflasyon, zorunlu askerlik savunulmalıdır. ve en çok sayıda ada Yunanistan’da C) Dişlerin normal diş macunları yerine tuz bulunmaktadır. kullanılarak fırçalanması bazı diş hekimlerince C) Yunanistan, AT’de en çok adaya, en uzun askerlik savunulmaktadır. hizmetine ve en yüksek enflasyon oranına D) Bazı diş hekimlerinin savundukları normal diş sahiptir. macunundan ziyade tuz kullanarak dişlerin D) En çok sayıda ada, en uzun askerlik süresi ve en fırçalanmasıdır. yüksek enflasyon oranı AT içerisindeki E) Diş hekimlerinin bazıları piyasadaki diş Yunanistan’a aittir. macunlarının yerine tuz kullanarak dişlerin E) Yunanistan, AT’deki en çok adaya sahip fırçalanmasını savunmaktadır. olmasının yanı sıra, en uzun askerlik hizmetine ve en yüksek enflasyon oranınada sahiptir.
140 43. The declining incidence of smoking in the US is 40. Unemployment is unlikely to fall much below 3 million raising the health standards of many communities. in the next five years. A) ABD’de sigara içenlerin oranının azalması, birçok A) İşsizliğin gelecek beş yılda 3 milyonun çok altına eyalette sağlık standartlarının yükselmesi düşmesi olası değildir. demektir. B) Önümüzdeki beş yıl içinde işsizliğin 3 milyondan B) ABD’de sigara içme oranındaki azalış, birçok daha aşağıya düşmesi olası görünmemektedir. toplumun hayat standardını yükseltiyor. C) İşsizlik bir dahaki beş yılda 3 milyondan daha C) ABD’de sigara kullanımının azalan etkisi, birçok fazla düşmez. toplulukta sağlık standartları doğurmaktadır. D) Gelecek beş yıl süresince işsizlikte 3 milyondan D) ABD’de sigara içme oranındaki düşme, pek çok daha çok bir düşüş beklememek gerekir. topluluğun sağlık standardını yükseltmektedir. E) Gelecek beş yılda 3 milyonun çok altına düşmesi E) ABD’de azalan sigara içme oranı, pek çok olası olmayan bir işsizlik mevcuttur. topluluğun yaşam standardını yükseltmektedir. 41. The Swartkrans Cave in South Africa has been under 44. In some industries, women make up around half the excavation since the 1940’s. labour force.
A) 1940’lardan beri Güney Afrika’nın Swartkrans A) Bazı sanayilerde kadınlar, iş gücünün yaklaşık mağarası kazılmaktadır. yarısını oluşturmaktadırlar. B) Güney Afrika Swartkrans mağarası, 1940’tan beri B) Kadınlar, yaklaşık iş gücünün yarısını kimi kazılmaktadır. sanayilerde meydana getirmektedirler. C) Güney Afrikalılar 1940 yılından bu tarafa C) İş gücünün kısmen yarısı bazı sanayilerde Swartkrans mağarasını kazmaktadırlar. kadınlar tarafından oluşturulur. D) Güney Afrika’daki Swartkrans mağarasında D) Bazı sanayilerde, iş gücünün yaklaşık yarısını 1940’lardan beri kazı yapılmaktadır. oluşturan kadınlar vardır. E) Swartkrans mağarası, 1940’tan bu tarafa Güney E) İş gücünün yaklaşık yarısını meydana getiren Afrika’da kazı altında bulunmaktadır. kadınlar kimi sanayilerde bulunmaktadır.
42. The growing interest of consumers in the safety and 45. The popularity of Japanese products has caused nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is some Amerikan industries to call for restrictive import awelcome development. quotas.
A) Tüketicilerin tipik Kuzey Amerikan gıdalarının A) Japon ürünlerinin rağbet görmesi, Amerikan zararsız oluşuna ve besleyici niteliğine artan ilgisi endüstrilerinin dış alım kotalarını kısıtlamasına memnuniyetle karşılanan bir gelişmedir. neden olmuştur. B) Kuzey Amerikalıların tipik diyetlerinin güvenilir ve B) Japon ürünlerinin rağbette olması, bazı Amerikan son derece besleyici olması, tüketicilerin ilgisini endüstrilerine kısıtlayıcı dış alım kotaları giderek daha fazla geliştirmektedir. konmasına neden olmuştur. C) Tüketicilerin giderek artan ilgisi, tipik Kuzey C) Japon ürünlerinin rağbet görmesi, bazı Amerikan Amerikan gıdalarını zararsız kılmakta ve besleyici endüstrilerinin sınırlayıcı dış alım kotaları özelliği hoş karşılanmaktadır. koymasına neden oldu. D) Tipik Kuzey Amerikan yiyeceklerinin besleyici D) Japon ürünlerinin rağbet görmesi, bazı Amerikan özellikleri ve zararsız oluşu tüketicilerin artan endüstrilerinin kısıtlayıcı dış alım kotaları talep ilgisini iyi bir şekilde çekmektedir. etmelerine neden olmuştur. E) Tüketicilerin özgün Kuzey Amerikan yiyeceklerine E) Japon ürünlerine rağbet edilmesine, sınırlayıcı dış yönelik artmakta olan ilgileri, onun besleyici ve alım kotası olarak adlandırılan bazı Amerikan zararsız niteliklerini benzersiz kılar. endüstrileri neden olmuştur.
141 49. The week-long pay dispute had brought the country’s 46. The press provides people with a continual flow of railways to a standstill and blocked international traffic information about the services and plans of a through the Balkans. government. A) Bir hafta kadar uzun ücret anlaşmazlığı, ülkenin A) Basın, bir hükümetin servisleri ve planları demiryollarında durmuş ve Balkanlar boyunca hakkında insanlara bilgi akışının sürekliliğini uluslararası trafiği bloke etmiştir. sağlar. B) Bir haftalık ücret anlaşmazlığı ülkenin B) İnsanlar, hükümetin icraatları ve planlamaları demiryollarını işlemez hale getirmiş ve hakkındaki sürekli bilgi akışını basından sağlarlar. Balkanlardaki uluslararası trafiği engellemiştir. C) Bir hükümetin hizmetleri ve planları konusunda C) Uluslararası trafik tüm Balkanları tıkamış ve bir insanlara sürekli bilgiyi basın sağlamaktadır. hafta boyunca ülkenin demiryolları ücret anlaşmazlığı ile durma noktasına gelmiştir. D) Basın, insanlara bir hükümetin hizmetleri ve planları konusunda sürekli bilgi akışı sağlar. D) Ülkenin demiryollarını iş görmez hale getiren bir haftalık ücret anlaşmazlığı Balkanlar da E) İnsanlara sürekli bilgi akışı, hükümetin icraat ve uluslararası trafiğin tıkanmasına da neden hizmetleriyle ilgili olarak basın tarafından sağlanır. olmuştur. 47. Migration is creating new societies in North America E) Balkanlar boyunca uluslararası trafiği tıkayan as well as elsewhere. ücret anlaşmazlığı, ülkenin demiryollarını bir hafta süre ile işlemez hale getirmiştir. A) Göç, Kuzey Amerikan’ın yanı sıra başka yerlerde de yeni topluluklar oluşturmaktadır. 50. The teacher didn’t led the student not drink her milk. B) Göç, Kuzey Amerika’da olduğu gibi diğer A) Öğretmen, öğrencinin sütünü içmemesini yörelerde de yeni cemiyetler kurmaktadır. engellemedi. C) Göç, başka yerlerin yanı sıra Kuzey Amerika’da B) Öğrenci öğretmenin izin vermemesine karşın da yeni toplumlar oluşturmaktadır. sütünü içmedi. D) Kuzey Amerika’daki göç, dünyanın diğer C) Öğretmenin izin vermemesi durumunda öğrenci yörelerinde de yeni topluluklar oluşturmaktadır. sütünü içmedi. E) Yeni toplumlar göç aracılığı ile Kuzey Amerikan’ın D) Öğretmen öğrencinin sütünü içmemesine izin farklı bölümlerinde de meydana gelmektedir. vermedi. E) Sütünü içmeyen öğrenciye öğretmen izin vermedi.
48. Energy has always been a factor of fundamental importance in the life of human societies.
A) İnsan topluluklarının yaşamındaki eneji her zaman temel önemde bir faktör olmuştur. B) Enerji, insanların cemiyetlerinde hep esaslı derecede öneme sahip bir faktör olmuştur. C) İnsanların toplumlarında enerjili yaşam her daim çok önemli bir etken olmuştur. D) Enerji, insan toplumlarının yaşantısında her zaman son derece önemli, bir etken olmuştur. E) İnsanların yaşamındaki enerji, toplumlar için daima vazgeçilmez derecede önemli bir faktör olmuştur.
142 1. David: I want to have this cleaned, please. 4. Woman: I think the kitchen is too small. Girl: Yes, sir. It’ll be ready tomorrow, about this time. Man: & David: & Woman: I’d still prefer one like Liz and David’s. Girl: You don’t have to pay for it now. You can pay Man: So would I, but theirs is in the middle of town. when you collect it. We cannot afford to pay €300 a month, can we?
A) And the ten pounds is for you. A) You mustn’t rent it if isn’t cheap enough. B) I want to give the jacket to whoever asks for it. B) When would you rather move in darling? C) That’s one pound fifty then. C) Have they got another place with a larger kitchen? D) And will this be enough? D) We don’t have to live in the kitchen, do we? What E) I’m not going to collect it myself but someone else about the rest of it? will. E) Dead right we’d better apply to another estate agency.
2. Andrew: & Tom: I think it’s quite wrong. Andrew: So do I. I think it’s a beautiful old building. Tom: I agree. 5. James: I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been? A) I think the Town Hall should let King burger Richard: I was vacationing in Marmaris. convert the old theatre over. James: You must have had a lot of fun. B) Have you heard that King burger want to convert Richard: & the old theatre into a restaurant? C) Do you think this town needs another burger A) Actually, I flew there. restaurant? B) As a matter of fact, I did. D) These burger companies really annoy me; they C) Naturally, everything costs a lot at the seaside. build ugly restaurants and then sell people D) Unfortunately, I don’t. unhealthy food at high prices. E) On the contrary. I enjoyed myself immensely. E) McDonalds’s have even got a restaurant in Moscow.
3. Ann: Could I speak to you for a few minutes Mr Sherwin? 6. Jane: Your face is swollen is it a tooth problem? Sherwin: & Susan: Yes, one tooth needs to be filled. Ann: Uh, well, it’s rather urgent and it won’t take long. Jane: & Sherwin: Oh, all right, then. Susan: Yes, especially when I eat something.
A) What is it, then? A) Where will you have it filled? B) Oh, I see. B) Are you taking any medicine? C) But why? C) It shouldn’t hurt much. D) Can’t it wait until tomorrow? D) Does it hurt? E) About your husband? E) Has your dentist started using the drill yet? 143 7. Jack: I like your new shirt. 10. Woman: I’d like to buy a turtleneck sweater. Jim: & Clerk: & Jack: What was the occasion? Woman: The latter. Jim: It was my birthday yesterday. A) I wonder what pattern you’d prefer. A) It needs ironing. B) All our customers prefer these three colours. B) I hate its colour. C) Let me show you what we have here on the C) It’s a present from my fiancee. shelves. D) It is not machine washable. D) That’s the kind we’ve been selling most. E) It’s very becoming on you. E) Are you looking for something in wool or synthetic fiber?
11. Ron: This cake is delicious. Where did you buy it? Lesley: & Ron: Congratulations May I have another piece?
A) I’m glad you liked it. 8. Wife: The washing machine seems to be out of order. B) There’s a banana flavor in it. Husband: This is the third time this month. C) Making chocolate cake is hard work, Ron. Wife: & D) We’ve a new bakery just round the corner now. Husband: Unfortunately, we can’t spare any money D) It is my own creation. It’s something like my for that purpose. mother’s chocolate cake.
A) It’s very old Could you please get me your manager? B) Don’t you think it’s time we replaced it? 12. Customer: & C) We should sell it. Salesman: OK, I will. D) Why don’t we give it away? Customer:
E) How about borrowing your sister’s machine for a A) Certainly I’ll get him immediately, sir. while? B) I’ll have to find out where he is one moment, please. C) Please take a seat while I am looking for him. D) I bet you’re tired. Why don’t you sit down? E) Not it you expect me to do it alone. Help me.
13. Man: Jim’s been so difficult since he gave up smoking. 9. Alice: & Woman: & Brandy: The smell is terrible, isn’t it? Man: I hope so too. Alice: Do you mind if I open all the windows? A) Jim is beginning to act like an adult. Brandy: No, not all Go right ahead. B) Yes, but it’ll make a new man of him in the long A) Garlic is said to be very healthy. run. B) I use garlic a lot. C) I agree. He’s been having a hard time since then. C) This place is well known for its garlic. D) He may become very ill at ease. D) The smell of garlic is as bad as that of onion. E) He let himself in for all the hardships he’s facing now. E) Somebody must have eaten garlic here. 144 14. Charles: & 18. John: & Clerk: Certainly, sir. What size do you wear? Joanna: Maybe you should first start counting your Charles: Medium. calories and then worry about your wardrobe. Here you are, sir. Clerk: A) I need some new clothes for my youngest brother’s wedding. A) How dear is that vest! B) I need some new clothes. None of my blue jeans B) This black vest must be just my size. fit and I can’t even button my suit jacket. C) I may have bought the other vest. C) I seem to have put on some more weight, don’t I? D) Would you like this black vest? D) Let’s grow fat and be happy. E) May I try that black vest, please? E) Sorry but I can’t take another piece. I can’t get into any of my suits.
15. Man: George is already more than an hour late. Do you think he changed his mind about joining us? Woman: & Man: So is it for me.
A) Well, he may have. B) We can’t wail any longer, can we? 19. Chris: Do you remember the day we first met? C) I’m sure he’ll call and let us know about it. May: & D) That’s hard for me to say. Chris: Yes, I remember. You asked me to dance with you. E) But his bus is almost always late.
A) Oh, yes. I’d just had an argument with a work mate of mine.
16. Boy: It’s already after 9 and the next film starts in B) As I didn’t feel like dancing any more you got very about 10 minutes. But let’s try to make it anyway. angry. Girl: & C) Instead of buying me a drink. You bought one for your girlfriend. Boy: Hurry up, then. D) We were at a Christmas dance. I’d just finished A) Oh. Taxi! Taxi! high school and you had already begun to work at a factory. B) There’s plenty of time. Take it easy. E) I had seen you before that evening though. C) Why not? We’ve got nothing to lose. D) And the traffic is not so easy at this time of the day. E) That looks impossible. We’ve got too little time.
17. Wife: It’s really cold in tonight. Husband: & 20. Woman: I’d like to send this package express, please. Wife: Yes, let’s. Officer: & Woman: You must be joking. Regular, then. A) It was just as cold last night, wasn’t it? B) Sure is. My hands are practically numb. How A) In your shoes, madam. I wouldn’t do that. about lighting the furnace? B) Mind you! It’s always quicker. C) Shall we go ice- skating on the lake? C) Certainly. That’ll be $ 19,42. D) Maybe we could call the fire brigade. D) I’m sorry madam, but I’ve got to close up now. E) Would you like me to put out the fire? E) I see no reason why you should send it express. 145 21. Wife: & 25. Ian: The Sheraton, please. Husband: They are not ready yet. Driver: & Wife: Why does it take such a long time? Ian: Oh, sorry. The Sheraton Century Centre. Driver: OK. Sure. A) Do you have paperback editions of this book? B) Did you talk to the consultant about the new A) Well, here we are. This is the Sheraton. That’s programmer? $7,80. C) What clothes will you wear to the party tonight? B) Which one? There are three Sheratons here in At- D) I can’t wait to see the pictures you took in New lanta. York. C) Hi, mister. Where to? E) Why not ask the waitresses to give you an extra D) The Sheraton Century Centre? fork? E) Hey, mister! This is a five-dollar bill, not a ten.
26. Jessica: & 22. Adam: I’m starving I could eat a horse. Michael: Yes, that’s right. Eve: & Jessica: How long will you be staying in the States? Adam: Yes, I did. But so what? Micheal: Oh, about 3 months.
A) But I thought we were going to dine together. A) How do you do, Michael? B) But you told me just now you had a big breakfast. B) Have you ever been abroad? C) Didn’t you have a table reserved for tonight? C) I’m here for the convention D) What? But I said I was terribly hungry. D) I hear you’re from Canada. E) Do you have any intention of going to a E) I’d like you to meet you again Michael restaurant?
27. Crosby: & Robert: it’s great. Really enjoying it. 23. Alex: I’m sure. June’s going to leave me. Crosby: Well, if you’ll excuse me, I have to go. It was Bob: & nice meeting you. Alex: Do you really think so? Robert: Thanks, nice meeting you, too.
A) Why did she agree to go on holiday with you? A) How do you like it here so far Robert? B) But you have invited her to meet your parents? B) Can I be of any help to you? C) I suppose she’s a socialist. C) Isn’t it lucky to meet you again? D) If so, she wouldn’t be redecorating your kitchen D) Will there be anything else? Or is that all? for you would she? E) Is your stay here coming to an end? E) It may be that she’s never been to America.
28. Clerk: Do you have any baggage to check Mr. 24. Adolph: How do you know the man can’t be a doctor? Kramer? Martin: & Kramer: & Adolph: I can’t understand why people lie. Clerk: And did you pack it yourself, Mr Kramer? Yes, I did. A) When I mentioned “ hepatitis” the other day, he Kramer: thought it was kind of insect. A) Baggage? None. B) Because he’s got a US stamp on his passport. B) That would be great. Thanks. C) He looked so pale himself. C) Just one piece. D) He insists I’ve got gangrene in my leg. D) Yes, I did. E) He doesn’t have a painkiller on him. E) I always travel with only my toothbrush. 146 29. Man: Excuse me. I think I’m in 15C 32. Rebecca: & Woman: & Dan: That’s fine with me. Man: Are you sure? Rebecca: Are you flying back to Atlanta for the Woman: Yes, look here……...oh, dear! I’m sorry. weekend? Dan: Um, no. I’m staying in Tampa. A) Oh, sorry about that. B) Here’s my ticket. A) Do you have any friends in Tampa? C) And this is 15C B) So, we’re agreed. We’ll visit the factory Wednesday morning. D) This is 14C C) How are you Dan? E) Of course, sir. D) Have you ever seen an American football game? E) I’m glad you agree Dan. What about you, Linda?
33. Rhoda: This is room 504. I want to take a shower and there’s no hot water. I’ve been trying to get it for ten minutes. 30. Helena: Hello. You must be Charlene. My husband Clerk: & has told me so much about you. Rhoda: Sure but it makes no difference. Charlene: & Clerk: I’ll contact maintenance and have them send Helena: ha-ha. Ah ….no, of course not. Please come someone up right away. in and let me take your coat. A) The new heaters keep causing trouble. A) Thank you Mr Deverux. B) Sorry, madam but it’s always like that after 5 pm. B) Have you been living in Seattle long? C) Madam, if you don’t like the service, you might be C) Would you like to sit over there? happier elsewhere. D) Nothing bad. I hope. D) I can’t understand that. Have you turned the E) There you are. handle all the way to the right? E) It’s really terrible, isn’t it?
34. Clerk: Your room will be ready in approximately one hour, sir. We’re getting it ready right now. Wilbur: & Our official check in time is 3 pm, sir. The 31. Sarah: You haven’t made any definite plans then? Clerk: departing guests don’t have to check out until noon. No, not yet. John loves hot weather, so we may Liz: I’m afraid we don’t have a room available at the mo- go to North Africa again. ment. Sarah: & Wilbur: Then, I want to speak to the manager. Liz: I’m not. The trouble is I prefer sightseeing to lying on crowded beaches. A) I’ll take a seat in the bar and have a coffee while I’m waiting. A) You don’t sound very keen on that. B) Thank you. I’ve had along flight from Chicago. B) Isn’t there somewhere you’d both like? C) I’m sorry, this just isn’t good enough! I want my C) I thought you might go somewhere on your own room now. this year. D) My flight doesn’t leave until late this afternoon. Is D) Do you still feel fed up? there any possibility of an extended check- out ti- E) If you’re going to North Africa make sure you get me? vaccinated. E) It is so in other places too. 147 35. Natalie: Good morning. Do you have anything for a 38. Salesman: I have a lovely sapphire set in a plain gold sore throat? band. Here it is. Druggist: How long have you had it? Customer: & Natalie: & Salesman: Don’t worry about that. It can be made to Druggist: Well, I recommend these antiseptic fit. lozenges. They’ll relieve the pain. A) It’s very nice but I don’t want anything so showy. A) Do you think it’s last long? B) Yes but I’d like something more delicate. B) For three weeks I’ve been one for three weeks. C) I need to cash this cheque so that I can pay you. C) I suppose a warm tea will do me good. D) That’s what I was looking for. Only it’s too small. D) It just started yesterday. E) I didn’t see a single ring I liked. E) It’s pretty painful! And I can hardly eat anything.
39. Barber: & 36. Jenny: Bob! How are you? I haven’t seen you for Man: Well, I’ve been letting it grow for five years now, ages. and I’m getting tired of it. Bob: & Barber: Okay. Come over here to the sink and we’ll Jenny: Really? What was it like? shampoo your hair first. Better than I’d expected. Bob: A) Are you sure you want a cut? Your hair is so long and in such good condition. A) Yes, I’ll phone you around eleven. B) Do you want it yet? B) I was in Italy for two months. C) You’d look better with a moustache. Don’t you C) Er, I had to visit my mother but not very think so? frequently. D) Why do that? Men always have their split on their D) Oh just fine. We could go to the cinema maybe. left. E) Look Jenny, are you free tomorrow evening? E) Is this much trimming enough sir?
37. Berlinda: I’ll be in Paris at 11 Jean. Can you meet me? At the Gare du Nord. 40. Tim: Do you believe in UFO’s? Jean: & Alice: I don’t know. They may exist. Berlinda: That sounds lovely I’ve got to get to the 3,10 Lyons. Tim: & Alice: But people have seen them. A) Berlinda! How nice to hear from you. B) Sure. I know a very good bistro not far from there. A) When was the last UFO crash? I hope you will be my guest. B) There is no life on the moon as there’s no oxygen. C) I’ll be seeing you tomorrow night? C) Of course they don’t. They can’t possibly exist. D) OK. Won’t you have time for lunch? D) I disagree. They must exist. E) No problem. I’ll give you a lift the station. E) I don’t agree. It must be a spaceship. 148 41. Jacky: Good Lord! You are George Haynes, aren’t 44. Arnold: & you? Brad: Oh, let me see. Over an hour. Henry: & Arnold: So long? We’d better hurry up. Jacky: Oh, yes, of course. Henry! Do you remember me? Jacky, Jacky Smith? A) When do we have to leave Brad? Henry: Sorry, but I don’t. B) Is it already time to set out? C) What time does the plane take off? A) Er, no. Henry Holmes, actually. D) How much time have we got before we have to B) Oh, yes. Henry Kingston. leave? C) No, I’m not married. E) How long does it take to get to the airport? D) You went to London University when you left school, didn’t you? E) You are a computer engineer aren’t you?
45. Jim: Do you think you could lend me a few pounds? 42. Karen: & Richard: & Julie: It’s no good Karen. I can’t come. Jim: Why do you always have to make some excuse? Karen: Why not? It’s our end- of- term party and Richard: Don’t be rude, will you? everybody’s coming. A) Sorry, but I just can’t. some other time perhaps. A) No, she won’t let me do that. B) No, not really. I just haven’t had the time. B) I wonder what time we can meet on Saturday. C) Lend you some money? C) Do your parents let you do everything you want to do? D) Well, to be honest with you, I’m a bit short myself. D) So, what about this weekend? What did your E) Good! That’s settled now. mother say about it? E) I hope so, too. I really do.
46. John: Excuse me. Is there an Indian restaurant near 43. Alex: I wonder if you would do me a favour? here? Burt: & Man: & Alex: Could you hold this for me? John: Oh…..thanks, anyway. Burt: Certainly, just a second. A) Yes, there is one in the neighborhood. A) No, of course not. B) Sorry, I’m only a visitor here. B) It depends what it is. C) Go down South Road and take the second left after the bridge. It’s just after the Post Office. C) Sorry but I’m too busy at the moment. D) Get in. I’ll give you a lift. D) Well, I’d better think about it. E) You must be British, too. E) Me? Do you a favour? Who do you think you are? 149 47. Ros: My dentist said my teeth are in excellent 50. Man: Have you ever had to save a person? condition. Woman: & Tim: & Man: Do you have a certificate and how do you get it? Ros: It’s been worth it, too I’ve never had a cavity. Woman: Well first of all you have to pass some Tim: I wish I could say the same thing. swimming tests. Then you have to.
A) But you hardly clean them! A) Yes, it takes a lot of time. B) How much did you have to pay him? B) Fortunately not. But I always have to be prepared. C) It’s no wonder. You take very good care of them. C) No but some ones life may depend on it. D) Let me know if they’re bothering you, and I’ll take D I will soon if everything goes fine. care of them. E) Thank God. I’ve done it several times. E) If you paid more attention, you wouldn’t have that filling either.
48. Girl: I could never work in a hospital. I’d faint at the first sight of blood. Nurse: & Girl: I don’t think so. I can’t even imagine seeing an accident victim without feeling sick to my stomach.
A) It’s a good thing not every one feels like you do. B) You’d get used to it. C) It was more or less the same with me. D) In the long run things might get worse. E) So long as you do your work you do a very adequate job.
49. Man: Were you stuck in an elevator? What did you do? Woman: Well, the alarm didn’t work, so I just waited. Man: & Woman: No, not really I wasn’t looking forward to the meeting and I had a perfect excuse for missing it.
A) And you were on your way to a staff meeting? B) Had you had a similar experience before? C) You were expected to show up at the last meeting. D) That must have been awful. E) No sooner did you arrive than the meeting started.
150 Aşağıdaki sorularda verilen cümleye anlamca en 3. The last time I talked to him, he told me that the yakın olan ifadeyi bulunuz. business was doing well; but apparently that’s not the case now!
I don’t believe she is particularly clever, but she has a 1. A) When we last met, the business was doing well or great deal of charm and people tend to do what she so he said; but I fear that is hardly the case any wants. longer.
A) Though she really is not very intelligent, she has B) The account he gave of the business the last time charm and people are always please to accept we spoke, was a favorable one, but now I’m not her leadership. too sure. B) She may not be very bright, I personally don’t C) The last time we met he assured me that all was think she is; but she certainly has a winning way going well with the business, but I don’t know people so they generally act in the way she wants. what’s happening now! C) Her intelligence is no more than average, but she D) When we last spoke he seemed confident that makes up for this with charm, so she can the business was picking up, but obviously it’s not manipulate people easily. doing so now! D) It is as much her charm as her intelligence that E) When we last spoke together, he said the enables her to make people act in the way she business was doing fine; but now, it seems, things wants them to. are rather different. E) She doesn’t need to be intelligent as she has the gift of knowing-how to charm people so that they act in the way she wants.
4. Some scientists think that a meteor impact, that occurred around 65 million years ago, may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
A) In the opinion of some scientists, the extinction of 2. I can’t understand why we haven’t heard from him yet: the dinosaurs could have been the result of the he must have received the parcel several days ago. impact of a meteor which occurred roughly 65 million years ago. A) Surely he would have contacted us immediately B) According to some scientists, the extinction of the on receiving the parcel; but it’s hardly likely that it dinosaurs was caused by a meteor that struck hasn’t reached him. Earth 657 million or so years ago. B) I’m worried because he still hasn’t contacted us C) Some scientists reckon that the impact of a mete- could it be that the parcel still hasn’t reached him? or that struck Earth some 65 million years ago C) It’s odd that he still hasn’t got in touch with us: need not have caused the extinction of the surely the parcel reached him at least a day or dinosaurs. two ago. D) These scientists agree that the impact of a meteor D) I was sure he’d get in touch with us about the over 65 million years ago must caused the parcel; could it be that he hasn’t received it yet? extinction of the dinosaurs. E) He really ought to have got in touch with us before E) The extinction of the dinosaurs could only have this, unless, of course, he still hasn’t received the been caused by a meteor impact that occurred parcel. some 65 million years ago. 151 5. The sooner we get the new system into action, the 8. Frankly, in my opinion the girl’s musical abilities are better. no more than average for her age.
A) Once the new system is working, the situation will A) Even so, if you take the girl’s age into account, improve. her musical performance was no better than that B) We should get the new system working as soon of any of the others. as possible. B) To be honest, I don’t think the girl’s musical C) Sooner or later we’ll have to install a new system. talents are anything out of the ordinary considering her age. D) At some future date a new system is going to be necessary. C) To be fair, for a girl of her age, you can hardly regard her musical abilities as impressive. E) We are going to get a new system installed without delay. D) Indeed she’s not all that young, so I don’t think this girl merits so much praise for her musical abilities. E) If you think about it, there’s nothing extraordinary about her musical performance if you remember her age.
6. When he asked which one I wanted, I said I didn’t 9. We’d better leave right away as the traffic will be mind. heavy at this time of day.
A) He said I could choose between them, but I said it A) You mustn’t leave it too late as the streets are didn’t matter to me. likely to be busy for the next hour. B) He said I had to choose, but I didn’t want to. B) The earlier they leave the better if they don’t want C) It was up to me to choose between them, but I to get caught in a traffic jam. really didn’t want to. C) Provided we set off now, we will avoid most of the D) He wanted me to choose for him and I agreed to heavy traffic. do so. D) Let’s wait an hour so as to avoid some of the E) I would have done the choosing if they had asked traffic Jam. me to. E) The roads are busy at this hour so we should set off at once.
10. The dramatic fall in share prices took even the experts by surprise. 7. We might well find that we need more than three weeks in which to complete a report of this kind. A) Even those in the know were unprepared for the rapid drop in share prices. A) It shouldn’t take us more than three weeks to finish a report like this one. B) The experts themselves were worried at the sudden drop in share prices. B) We might as well try to get this report finished within three weeks. C) The rapid fall in share prices came as a shock to all but the experts. C) I don’t imagine we can get through this report in three weeks, but we can try. D) Even those who had been following share prices closely hadn’t expected them to fall so D) A report of this kind has never been drawn up in dramatically. under three weeks. E) When share prices suddenly dropped, even those E) It’s quite likely that three weeks won’t be sufficient who knew the market well were apprehensive. for us to finalize such a report. 152 11. For many years now transport planners in the UK 14. The theory of natural selection made the idea of have been demanding that motorists pay directly for organic evolution acceptable to the majority of the the use of roads. scientists.
A) In the opinion of British transport planners, it is the A) Without the theory of natural selection to support motorists themselves who should have paid for it, none of the scientist would ever have approved the upkeep pf the roads all these years. the theory of organic evolution. B) Over the years, transport planners in the UK have B) The world’s scientists, approved the idea of been suggesting that the upkeep of roads must be organic evolution more readily than the concept of paid for by the motorists themselves. natural selection. C) Transport planners in the UK have, for a long time C) In the eyes of the scientific circle, the theory of now, been insisting that those who use the roads natural selection and the idea of organic evolution must pay for them directly. are inseparable concepts. D) British transport planners recommended, a log ti- D) It was only after the introduction of the theory of me ago, that those who use the roads must pay natural selection that scientists paid attention to for their upkeep directly. the idea of organic evolution. E) In Britain, transport planners have been arguing E) On the whole, the scientific world accepted the for many years that the upkeep of the roads is the concept of organic evolution once the theory of responsibility of motorists. natural selection had been postulated.
15. Citrus trees thrive on wide range of soils, but well- 12. The new range of products launched last Autumn is drained and slightly acid soils are the most suitable. selling well. A) The ideal soil for citrus trees is one which is well- A) The market for the new goods has improved drained and rather acid; they do not do well in greatly since last Autumn. other types. B) Sales of the new products that appeared on the B) Although citrus trees prefer a well-drained and market in the Autumn, are at last doing well. slightly aid soil, they do well in many other types. C) Articles on sale for the first time in the Autumn are C) Citrus trees grow in many different areas but the finally selling well. soil must always be well-drained and fairly acid. D) The goods put onto the market for the first time D) The well-drained and rather acid types soil that last Autumn lave already found plenty of buyers. suit citrus trees are the most common of soil types. E) There are still few buyers for the new range of goods that first made an appearance last Autumn. E) Citrus trees are particular about the soil types on which they grow and do best on well-drained and slightly acid ones.
13. Social behavior depends very much on the 16. She was advised to confirm the booking but failed to information we collect about other people. do so. A) Our social behavior reflects to some extent what A) She won’t confirm the booking although he is we feel about the people around us. advised to. B) The conduct of the people around us dictates our B) It is always advisable to confirm a booking but she own social behavior. never does so. C) Our knowledge of others has a considerable effect C) The booking could have been confirmed but she upon our social behavior. didn’t want to do so. D) Our attitude towards the people we come into D) They told her she’d better confirm the booking but contact with is naturally reflected in our social she didn’t listen to them. behavior. E) Since the booking was not confirmed they won’t E) As we collect information about other people the listen to her complaints. way we behave towards them may alter radically. 153 17. The harnessing of the wind to generate electricity 19. I suppose no scheme is foolproof; even the best ones dates back to 1890s, but few notable advances were sometimes fall through. obtained until 1970, when energy prices began to rise sharply. A) If a plan is not going to fail it has to be quite foolproof. A) In 1890s a few efforts were made to produce B) There’s presumably no such a thing as a perfect electricity from wind power, but it was only in 1970 plan: they can all miscarry. when energy prices increased steeply, that such a C) The only schemes that never miscarry are scheme was taken seriously. apparently the really foolproof ones. B) In 1970, while there was a sudden rise in energy D) Schemes that are likely to be foolproof quite often prices, efforts were made to harness the power of are not the best ones. the wind for the generation of electricity for the first time since 1890s. E) There was a failure in proceedings, therefore things went contrary to plan. C) It was in 1890s that the wind was first used as a source to generate electricity, but it was only in 1970, when energy prices started to rise sharply, that real advances were made. D) Impressive advances in the generation of electricity from wind power coincided with increasing energy prices in 1970, however, the practice actually dates back to 1890s. 20. We believe that the disadvantages outweigh the E) Between 1890, and 1970 various attempts took advantages. place to harness the power of the wind because the rising prices of energy made this desirable. A) We’re convinced that there are more disadvantages than advantages. B) It seems to us that the advantages and the disadvantages balance each other. C) We need to weigh the disadvantages against advantages. D) There seems to us that there are more advantages than disadvantages. E) We are beginning to wonder whether there aren’t more disadvantages than advantages.
It’s no good expecting someone else to find a job for 18. Much to our astonishment, John soon proved himself 21. to be a very talented organizer. her: she must do something about it herself.
A) She never will get a job unless she sets about A) The astonishing thing was that such a talented getting one herself and not leaving it to others. man should take on the organization. B) She shouldn’t expect others to give up their jobs B) The speed with which John developed his for her. administrative potential surprised us greatly. C) As she doesn’t want the job herself she might as C) It wasn’t long before John’s administrative skills well let someone else have it. became apparent which surprised us greatly. D) It’s too difficult to find a job for oneself without D) It is amazing that a man of his abilities should having to make other people look for one. avoid administrative work. E) They shouldn’t expect anyone else to accept a job E) John’s organizing abilities were, surprisingly they aren’t willing to take on themselves. enough not recognized until too late. 154 22. He’s only just arrived, so he still doesn’t know what’s 25. There will be a debate in Parliament today concerning happened. the government’s proposals for the privatization of certain major public enterprises. A) It’s long time since he came, so he doesn’t know what’s been happening. A) The proposals made by the government B) He hasn’t been here long, so nobody thought the concerning the newly privatized public enterprises news would interest him. will have to be discussed by parliament. C) As he only got here a minute or two ago, he hasn’t B) One of the topics Parliament is going to deal with heard the news yet. is the question of weather the government’s proposals regarding public enterprises should be D) All that happened just before he arrived. implemented. E) If he had arrived a little earlier he would have C) The privatization of certain major public been given all news. enterprises suggested by the government was discussed by Parliament today. D) Today Parliament is going to discuss the proposals, put forward by the government, to turn certain public enterprises into private ones. E) The major debate in Parliament today concerns the government’s proposals to take over various private enter prices for the public good. 23. Owing to the poor visibility it took us ten hours, instead of the usual eight, to get to Istanbul.
A) Even though we ran into a lot of fog on the way to Istanbul the journey didn’t take much longer than usual. B) The lights of Istanbul were visible for two hours before we reached the city. C) We waited two hours for the fog to lift before driving on to Istanbul. D) The fog meant that we reached Istanbul two hours later than would be normal. E) It takes between eight and ten hours to drive to Istanbul depending on visibility.
26. The newspapers are putting the blame on his private secretary, but I think several other people are equally guilty.
24. I didn’t enjoy his last novel nearly as much as his early A) Quite a lot of people are annoyed at the attitude of ones. the newspapers towards his private secretary.
A) I thought his early novels were good, but this last B) The names of some of the guilty people were one was even better. given to the newspapers by his private secretary. B) His early novels gave me far more pleasure than C) Some of the people who are quite as guilty as his his last one did. private secretary have managed to avoid getting their names in the newspapers. C) His novels begin well, but towards the end they are really not very enjoyable. D) According to the newspapers, it is not only his private secretary who is to blame; several other D) In comparison with his last novel, even his early people are involved. novels were good. E) It seems to me that several people are at fault, not E) His first novel was his best, but I quite enjoyed his just his private secretary as the newspapers are last one too. suggesting. 155 27. Much to my surprise, I found his lecture on the 30. As I understand it, the advantages of the scheme and civilization of Mesopotamia extremely interesting. the disadvantages just about balance each other out.
A) I was fascinated by what he had to say in his A) It seems to me that the scheme has more lecture on the civilization of Mesopotamia though I advantages then disadvantages. hadn’t expected to be. B) I really cannot decide whether the advantages of B) It was at his lecture on the civilization of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages, or Mesopotamia that I realized how fascinating the whether it is the other way round. subject is. C) If you want my opinion, I would say the scheme C) Contrary to expectations, his lecture on ancient has fewer advantages than disadvantages. Mesopotamia was the most fascinating of all. D) In a scheme of this sort one would expect there to D) Surprisingly, few people were interested in the be both advantages and disadvantages. lecture on the civilization of Mesopotamia. E) It is essential that the advantages and the E) I hadn’t expected him to lecture on the civilization disadvantages of the scheme be given equal of Mesopotamia, but he spoke remarkably well. attention.
31. Sometimes there is so much traffic on the roads that it’s quicker to walk than to go by car.
These gardens have been well-designed, so they look 28. A) The traffic is at certain times so heavy that you attractive all the year round. can walk there faster than you can go in a car.
A) Good garden design would ensure that these B) There is so much traffic these days that it is easier gardens were lovely to look at all through the to walk then to drive. year. C) At certain times of the day it really is better to walk B) The best-planned gardens are those which look than drive in the heavy traffic. attractive all the year round. D) When the traffic is really heavy, the cars can only C) Only well designed gardens like these appeal to move at walking-pace. the public all the year round. E) If there is no special hurry we may walk instead of D) Whatever the season, these gardens look going by car. attractive for much good planning has gone into them. E) If you tried, you could make these gardens beautiful even in the winter. 32. In spite of a large advertising campaign, the new business could not compete with the established companies.
A) Even though the new business was advertised The manager is unwilling to say anything as he has 29. widely, it could not compete with the established not yet had a chance to consult his legal adviser. firms.
A) The manager’s lawyer has advised him to keep B) The established firms were advertised so early absolutely, quiet. that the new business would not be able to compete with them. B) The manager doesn’t want there to be a law case so he is saying nothing. C) Advertising helped the new business to compete with the established firms. C) Until he is instructed in the legal aspects of the matter the manager is keeping quiet. D) The established firms could compete with the advertising campaign of the new business. D) The manager is referring all questions to his lawyer and answering none himself. E) Since the advertising campaign was new, the business could not compete with the established E) In consultation with his lawyer the manager has ones. decided to answer no more questions. 156 33. Doctor’s prescription is required in order to purchase 35. According to the Turkish Petroleum Corporation if a most medicines in Turkey. driver deduces his/ her speed from 120 km/per hour to 90 km/per hour, the car driven will average 25 percent A) In Turkey, medicine can be purchased with more kilometers per liter. prescriptions instead of money. B) In Turkey, most of the doctors prescribe some A) The T.P.C points out that, an increase in speed medicines. causes an increase in kilometer per liter of gasoline. C) Most medicines cannot be purchased without a prescription in Turkey. B) Less gasoline is used at slower speeds, according to the Turkish Petroleum Corp. D) In most of the countries, doctors should write prescriptions for medicine. C) The Turkish Petroleum Corp, reports that a reduction in speed will cause an increase in the E) In Turkey, most of the medicines can be consumption of gasoline. purchased without money. D) More gasoline is consumed in order to drive slowly, according to the Turkish Petroleum Corp. E) According to the Turkish Petroleum Corp, less gasoline is needed in order to drive fast.
34. It takes about two months to get a social security card after the application and necessary evidence of age, identity and citizenship have been received at the local social security office.
A) Two months before someone needs a social 36. Despite the great differences in size, shape and security card, she should present evidence of age, function, all cells have the same 46 chromosomes. identity and citizenship, along with an application to the local social security office. A) The size, shape and function of cells are the B) The local social security office will supply same, but the 46 chromosomes are not. evidence of age, identity and citizenship two B) Differences in size, shape and function are not months after someone presents an application. very great because all cells have the same C) Before one submits evidence of age, identity and number of chromosomes. citizenship to the social security office, it is C) Although the 46 chromosomes are the same in all necessary to get a card. ells, there are differences in the size, function, and D) Someone must submit evidence of age, identity the shape. and citizenship two months after the social D) All cells are the same because the 46 security office processes your card. chromosomes shape the size and function. E) Submitting evidence of age, identity and E) Differences in the size, shape are not very great citizenship to the social security office, it is not because all cells have the same chromosomes required to get a card. functionally. 157 37. While attempting to smuggle drugs in to Turkey, the 40. We will never be able to get all these exhibits dated criminals were apprehended by the police and and labeled for the opening of the museum if we don’t gendarmerie. get a lot of assistance.
A) The police and gendarmerie apprehended the A) It would be helpful to finish the dating and labeling criminals who were attempting to smuggle drugs of the exhibits if the museum is not opened for a into Turkey. while. B) Attempting to smuggle drugs into Turkey, the B) With just a little extra assistance we will be able to police and gendarmerie apprehended the get all these exhibits dated and labeled before the criminals. museum is opened. C) Smuggling drugs into Turkey, the police and C) The opening of the museum does not depend on gendarmerie attempted to apprehend the whether or not all these exhibits are dated and criminals. labeled. D) The police apprehended the gendarmerie who D) We’re going to need an awful lot of help if we’re were attempting to smuggle drugs into Turkey. expected to date and label these exhibits in time E) Criminals who were attempting to smuggle drugs of the opening of the museum. in Turkey apprehended the police and E) Once the museum is open we can easily get gendarmerie. sufficient help in the dating and labeling of the exhibits.
38. If he’d only been less officious, the other side would definitely have been more amenable. 41. There’s no point in learning several languages if you’re not going to have the chance to use them. A) His behavior was so disagreeable it resulted in an impasse between the two sides. A) You oughtn’t to try to learn many languages B) The other side naturally was offended by the except the ones which are spoken internationally. officious manner in which he had approached B) Unless you’re going to have the opportunity to use them. them, learning several languages would just be a C) He should be encouraged for being so waste of time. disagreeable and offending the other side. C) There are several languages that are spoken D) If only he could have made himself more everywhere and these are the ones to learn. agreeable to the other side and ensured a better D) People used to learn several languages although repose from them. they had little opportunity to use them. E) Naturally he could have behaved in a more E) Certain languages which few people know how to considerate manner so as to gain the cooperation speak are actually well worth learning. he other side.
39. If it hadn’t been for the wind, the fire would never have 42. She really doesn’t mind who she works for, but the spread so rapidly. pay has to be good.
A) Unless the wind develops the fire is hardly likely to A) With her, it’s the money that matters, not the type spread quickly. of work. B) Even without the wind, the fire would have spread B) It’s the money that interests her not the type of just as rapidly. work or her employer. C) It was the wind that brought about the fire to spre- C) She is the sort who will do anything for money. ad at such a speed. D) To her way of thinking, the job should be better D) Had there been a wind the fire would have spread paid. even more rapidly. E) She can work for just about anyone so long as E) The route of the wind affected the force the fire they pay her well. spread. 158 43. We got caught in a traffic jam so we were the last to 46. The directors of the company have agreed to a arrive. change in policy; it’s up to us to implement it.
A) The traffic was so heavy that nearly all of us A) The task of putting into effect the policy changes arrived late. agreed to by the company’s directors is yours. B) All of the late arrivers all put the blame on the B) Having agreed to a change in policy, we must heavy traffic. force the directors of the company to implement it. C) All people got there before us as we were held up C) The company’s directors realize that the change by the traffic. in policy will be difficult to implement. D) The roads were so crowded that it’s a wonder D) The directors of the company have decided to anyone got there on time. give the task of implementing the change in policy E) There was such a congestion on the roads that I to us. thought we never would get there on time. E) The change in policy agreed by the company’s directors requires approval before it can be implemented.
44. It’s not just put all the blame on her; she’s not the only one at fault. 47. Many countries share the view that serious measures must be taken to stop the pollution of the seas. A) She deserves to be punished, but the others don’t. A) The pollution of the seas can only be prevented providing many countries follow the same policy. B) It wouldn’t be right to punish those who, like her, weren’t involved. B) By putting into practice a series of precautions it is generally felt that the pollution of the seas will be C) The fault is her only; so let her take the blame. prevented. D) Only the ones who were involved ought to be C) Due to the pollution of the seas, many countries punished. find it necessary to develop new strategies. E) She doesn’t deserve to be blamed for everything; D) The seas will, it seems, carry on being polluted there were others involved. unless this agreement is accepted by a majority of the countries. E) A lot of countries agree that it is necessary to take strong action to put an end to the pollution of the seas.
45. Obviously, concessions will have to be made on both sides if an agreement is desired to be reached.
A) Provided either side shows positive signs of giving Within a few months of winning the lection his way, the resulting agreement will not be in their 48. leadership skills were put to the test. favor. B) Allowances will have to be made on both sides A) His election confirmed that the country recognized unless they fail to reach an agreement. him as reliable leader. C) Both sides have accepted that they are not willing B) A few months after he was elected he had to to make any concessions. prove that he really could be a leader. D) There can only be an agreement, both sides will C) Having shown his ability as a leader he won the have to discuss any concessions they might be election a couple of months later. making. D) A few months later he came out well ahead of the E) Before coming to an agreement, both sides will others in the elections. have to discuss any concessions they might be E) It wasn’t until after he a few months had been making. elected that they realized he was a gifted leader.
159 49. You should get some professional advice if you’re thinking about altering the system radically.
A) Your professional advice to me is to avoid any major changes in the system. B) You shouldn’t make any radical changes in the scheme; that’s my advice to you. C) It would be an unprofessional behavior if you had to make any major changes in the system. D) If you’re considering major changes in procedures, I suggest you consult an expert. E) Without consulting an expert you were advised to make major changes in the system.
50. The West’s response to happenings in Yugoslavia has been to avoid any direct involvement.
A) The West could have responded to the activities in Yugoslavia with a policy of active involvement. B) The involvement of the West in Yugoslavia was in response to certain major situations. C) Direct intervention was the response of the West to events in Yugoslavia. D) In the main, the response of the West to the happenings in Yugoslavia was unavoidable. E) The response of the West has been to be reluctant to commit itself actively to affairs in Yugoslavia.
160 1. You are wandering in a big department store. A 5. Your doctor is going to give you an injection, but salesman wants to serve you. He says: you’re afraid of it. He is trying to make you relax. He says: A) If were you, I would buy all these shirts. B) They are all very nice colors, aren’t they? A) Unfortunately it hurts, but it won’t. C) Would you like me to help you, madam? B) It’s just a small injection; it won’t hurt. D) You should have told me what you want, madam. C) What a shame! People are always afraid of injections. E) Excuse me, why are you wandering around? D) Don’t be afraid. There are much worse operations than this. E) Being afraid of injections is nonsense.
2. Your friend is in a hurry and she has a lot of work to 6. Your friend is listening to the radio. You have to study, do at home. You offer to help her You say: but the music is much too loud, so you say.
A) You needn’t hurry; the dishes can wait. A) Would you mind turning the radio down a little? I B) Why don’t you leave dishes until tomorrow? can’t study. C) Let’s go out for lunch. B) The music is too loud, but don’t mind it. D) Do you mind if I wash the dishes? C) I like listening to music while I’m studying. E) Don’t worry. I’ll wash the dishes. D) They are playing very nice songs though the volume is very high. E) The music is so loud that I can understand every word easily while I’m studying.
3. You are waiting in the bus queue. A man tries to get in 7. You want to have a sauna but your doctor says it’s not front of you. You get angry and say: good for you. You want to know the reason. You say:
A) You must get into the queue, sir A) I wonder why some people can have a sauna without any problem. B) You should get on the bus immediately. B) I want to learn if my husband can come with me. C) Why don’t you wait until the driver comes? C) If you came with me to the sauna as my doctor, D) It’s very nice of you to behave like that. there wouldn’t be any danger. E) You can’t get into queue here; you should go right D) I’d like to know why it’s not suitable for me. to the front of it. E) Why don’t you explain to me in detail what to do in the sauna?
8. You went to the Hairdresser to have your hair shortened a little. He cut it too short. You don’t like it 4. You are cooking in the kitchen and the phone rings. and say: Your hands are dirty. You ask for help from your friend. You say: A) Why didn’t you cut it shorter? It would look much better. A) Do you mind if I answer the phone? B) This doesn’t look nice; you could have made it B) Would you mind answering the phone? much shorter. C I will answer the phone, if you don’t mind. C) You must cut it only a little not too much. D) You can answer the phone, if you like. D) You shouldn’t have cut it so short I just wanted to have it trimmed. E) You would like to answer the phone, wouldn’t you? E) You needn’t cut it more. This length is okay. 161 9. You are feeding a cat in front of your door. Your 13. You want to save for a car. A financial expert gives neighbor upstairs argues with you because she you advice on how to use your money best. He says: doesn’t like cats. She says: A) You could ask a bank manager how to use your A) I pity them, too; they are lovely animals, but we money best. shouldn’t feed them. B) Why don’t you sell your old car and buy a new B) I don’t think feeding animals is something bad. one? C) If you keep feeding this animal here, I’ll help you C) I suggest you put your money into a bank and get to call the police. interest on it. D) Neighbors should always be tolerant to eachother D) If I were you I would claim credit from a bank. E) Unless you send this cat away, I’ll call the police. E) I would advise you to spend less and save your money to buy a car.
10. Your son wants to go to the swimming pool alone but you won’t let him go. You explain:
A) You needn’t go alone. It might be dangerous for you. B) You can only go if you promise to be very careful. C) It’s very dangerous for you. You can only go with your elder brother. 14. You are going on holiday but can’t take your birds with you. You’re trying to find out whether your neighbor D) I don’t mind, but young children are not allowed could take care of them. You say: into the pool alone.
E) You are bound to go there alone because I am A) Can you take care of your birds while you’re on busy at the moment. holiday? B) Would it put you to any trouble if I leave my birds 11. You are traveling on a train. You don’t want anyone to with you? disturb you. You are politely trying to prevent an old, C) Do you mind if I take my birds with me when I go chatty lady from sitting next to you. You say: on holiday? D) Can you tell me where I can leave my birds when A) I’m sorry, madam this seat is taken. I’m on holiday? B) Excuse me is this seat taken? E) Would you like to take my birds when I am away? C) I’m sorry madam but I don’t want you to sit here. D) Excuse me, madam there are too many people in this compartment. E) I’m sorry, but there are other places to sit.
15. You are on a diet and you find it very difficult to cook You are thinking of buying a rowing machine to get fit. 12. separate meals for yourself and the family. Your You want to know whether it is really worth buying. doctor gives you advice to make things easy for you. You say to the salesperson: He says: A) I’m sure it is worth buying a rowing to get fit. Don’t A) Maybe you can eat the same meals as your you think so? family does. B) I can’t tell you whether it works every part of my B) It’s a good idea to change your cooking methods body. to make healthy eating a part of your family’s life. C) I’m sure all the goods you sell are really good. C) It might be useful to do exercise as well as being D) I wonder if you’ve used this machine before on a diet. E) I want to be sure whether if it will really work my D) Why don’t you try eating in a fast food restaurant? whole body. E) If I were you. I would give up trying to lose weight. 162 16. Your mother thinks Aaron has a strange sense of 19. You have changed your job, but you don’t like your humor. You agree and add: new job. You ask your former boss if you could return to your old job. It’s impossible. He says: A) Same can be said for his taste in clothes B) You can say that again. Mum A) I’m afraid we can’t send you away because we need you here. C) It’s really none of our business B) I’m so sorry to hear that you won’t be able to work D) Only a fool like him would make that kind of with us again. mistake. C) I would like to hire you, but you don’t want to work E) How kind he is to every one with us. D) I don’t think it is possible for you to leave your job, is it? E) I’m sorry, but things are going badly. We are sending people away rather than employing.
17. A friend of yours says that colored lenses solve the problem of headaches. You want to be sure. You ask your doctor: 20. You are staying in a small hotel. You want to eat fish for dinner, but you are not sure whether they serve A) You are sure that colored lenses are good for fish in the restaurant. You say to the receptionist: headaches, aren’t you? B) Are you sure that you can tell me whether colored A) I’d like to know whether you eat fish for dinner lenses solve the problem of headaches? tonight. C) Do you think that colored lenses might help with B) Could you tell me if you’d like to have fish for headaches? dinner tonight? D) Did you buy colored lenses to solve your problem C) Do you mind if I have fish for dinner tonight? of headaches? D) I wonder if you have any fish on the menu for E) Would it be a good idea to take some medicine dinner tonight. instead of using colored lenses? E) Would you mind eating fish for dinner tonight?
21. You are on a tour in Oslo. You don’t know which 18. Your boyfriend refuses to come with you when you go places to visit. You guide is giving you advice. He out, but he often goes to a pub with his friends. You says: give him an ultimatum, and say: A) It’s worth visiting foreign countries, isn’t it? A) Unless you share my going-out time with me, I’ll B) I would recommend that you visit the Munch leave you. Museum and take a boat tour for sightseeing. B) If you continue to go to pubs with your friends. I’ll C) If I were you. I would ask a tourist guide which give you an ultimatum. places to visit. C) Unless you prefer to go out with your friends, I’ll D) I would advise you to come to Oslo more often for leave you. sightseeing. D) You should go out with me more often, if you want E) Why don’t you tell me about the museums and me to leave you. parks you are going to visit? E) You can’t find a girlfriend easily if you leave me. 163 22. You see a beautiful pair of ear-rings in a jeweler’s 25. You want to buy a cellular phone but you don’t know window. You want your husband to buy them for you. which one to buy. Your friend tells you which points You say indirectly: are important while choosing a good one. He says:
A) Oh, how polite of you to buy me that beautiful pair A) Are you sure that this type has clear symbols to of ear-rings! use easily? B) Thank you very much for your present. They are B) You should ask the shopkeeper which type is the lovely. best one. C) What a great pair of ear-rings I’d die to have them. C) You had better make an investigation about the D) You’d love to have them I’m sure. qualifications of each type. E) I would be very happy if you too liked those ear- D) You must be sure whether it has clear symbols rings. and a good service network. E) I’m sure its service can tell you the qualifications of each type.
23. You are waiting at the airport to meet a friend from Paris. There is an announcement declaring that the plane you are waiting for is delayed. It says: 26. You have to have a card to borrow a book from the library. Unfortunately you don’t have one. The librarian A) Ladies and gentlemen, we are sorry to announce says: that flight 407 won’t be able to land on time due to bad weather conditions. A) It doesn’t matter whether you have a card or not. B) Ladies and gentlemen, flight 407 will take off in You can borrow any book you want. half an hour you are kindly requested to proceed B) You should fill in this so that we can give you a to gate 6. card to borrow a book. C) Ladies and gentlemen we are waiting for the C) Unless you borrow a book, you can receive a plane from Paris. If it comes, we will announce it card. immediately D) Since you don’t have a card, we can give you the D) Ladies and gentlemen we are sorry to ask you to book we want. wait in the lounge until flight 407 is ready to take E) If you borrow a book, we will give you a card as off. well. E) Ladies and gentlemen we would like you to proceed to gate 6 since flight 407 is boarding in two minutes.
27. You are a very good cook and you are going to become a chef in a big restaurant. You want to know 24. You are traveling in a foreign country. You have to what kinds of meals they expect you to cook. You ask cash a traveler’s cheque in a bank. The hotel the owner: receptionist briefs you about the working hours of banks. He says: A) Before I accept the job, I’d like to know exactly the menus I’m supposed to cook. A) If were you, I wouldn’t go to the bank. It’s so B) I accept your offer, but before I start, I’d like you to difficult to cash a cheque at this hour. show me how to cook. B) I would recommend you to go to the bank C) I wonder if you would mind telling me how to cook tomorrow morning. It won’t be crowded then. the meals you want me to cook. C) You can go to the bank whenever you like. Banks D) Do you mind if cook the meals I like instead of the are open from Monday to Friday, 8:00 to 16:00 ones on your list? D) On Mondays and Fridays the banks are very E) Since I’m a new cook, would you be so kind as to crowded. Would you like me to take you there? teach me how to cook the meals? E) I can help you cash your cheque, if it is a urgent. 164 28. You are a painter but you sell any paintings because 31. A friend would like to know why Fred has given up his they are all abstract. A critic gives you advice about academic studies. You’d like to know why too. You your style of painting. He says: say:
A) Why don’t you sell your works in the street? You A) You’d better ask him yourself might attract people’s attention. B) I bet he’s tired of working. B) If I were you, I would sell them at higher prices to C) I couldn’t agree more. attract people’s attention. D) Could it be that he doesn’t have the time for it? C) You should make an agreement with a gallery to E) I haven’t got any idea what you’re talking about. exhibit your paintings D) You had better not sell your paintings at all, just keep them for yourself. E) If you want to sell your work you should consider 32. The party has started but Rob hasn’t turned up with people’s preferences while painting. his cassettes. You complain and a friend calms you down. She says:
A) It’s too bad that Rob didn’t come. B) Rob was supposed to bring some tropical music, wasn’t he? 29. You are a famous fashion designer and you are C) Everyone’s having a good time anyway. Why against women’s wearing strange clothes just in the worry? name of fashion. You say: D) Had he come, it would have been better of course. A) Women should always follow fashion; otherwise E) I hope he has forgotten about it. they would wear strange clothes. B) If women don’t keep in touch with fashion they can lose their desire to wear nice clothes. C) No, women could be beautiful without wearing 33. An old friend could not recognize your sister when she fashionable clothes saw her after 5 years, which is no wonder. You say to D) Women should wear the types of clothes that sort your sister: themselves, not everything that is in fashion. A) I’m not surprised. Why on earth don’t you lose E) Fashionable clothes suit all women . No woman is some weight? ugly. B) This is a very elegant sweater I’ve told you. C) You are too thin to wear a strapless dress. D) She did like your new hair style didn’t she? E) You should have seen the look on her face.
34. Registration for science classes will begin tomorrow in 30. Your friend wonders if you have found a flat in fact the union building. You remind the students of what is you have got one but it’s too expensive for you to pay needed. You say: alone. You say: A) There are so many nice flats; I can’t make up my A) For lab tomorrow, don’t forget to bring some rock. mind B) If you want to gain admittance to the building, B) Not really because they’re all too far from the present your photographed ID. university. C) This course has three required texts, all of which C) I’ve chosen something in the neighborhood. are available at the university bookstore. D) But this time I’m looking for someone to share the D) Be sure to bring your student ID. rent. E) In this course, you’ll be expected to keep a E) It’s not necessary for me to pay for it in cash. notebook containing your results. 165 35. There is one aspect of tourists you don’t like. You say: 39. Your friend invites you to eat out. T he first time you are out together you paid the second time he paid. A) They spend so much time here! Incredible! You don’t want him to pay again. You say: B) Why don’t they respect local customs more? A) I wish you could pay for today’s lunch. C) They are another source of income. B) OK only if we split the bill. D) I think the museum is really a waste of time. C) I suggest that you get an electronic card. E) I object to learning the local language! D) I won’t come unless invited. E) What if pay by cheque?
36. You see a competition in a magazine. The question you have to answer is not difficult, but you need to go to a library to find the correct answer. The problem is, you are too lazy. You think: 40. Your children are going on a picnic on their own. Among other things you warn them about one more A) I’d love to win the car, so it’s worth going to the thing, saying: library. B I never win anything, so there’s no point in A) It looks like rain, doesn’t it? entering. B) It’s too bad Tom can’t go with you. C) If I go in for enough competitions, eventually I C) It feels good to spend a day outdoors must win one. D) Be sure to pick up the litter when you leave. D) I think today’s my lucky day. E) Although you look ready to go, you haven’t E) It must be really nice to have such a car. packed yet.
41. At a friend’s house your children refuse to have any 37. You’re going on a short camping holiday next week, chocolate cake. You explain: despite the terrible weather for the last three weeks. Being an optimist, you think: A) Neither Bill nor Cindy cares for chocolate cake. B) All of your cakes are great. We don’t know which A) It’s going to rain next week, there’s no doubt one to choose. about it I think I’ll cancel the holiday. C) Perhaps I had better have some more apple pie. B) I don’t really care if rains I’m going to enjoy the D) I’m sure they have a reservation for dinner. holiday anyway. E) You know I don’t like chocolate. C) I’m sure the weather will be better next week. D) No body knows what it will be like then E) I shouldn’t miss the weather forecasts, should I?
42. Every morning James stands in front of his closet for minutes in order to decide what to wear. And when he gets dressed it is always something one size too small 38. Thinking that it’s your friend walking ahead of you, you for him. You think to yourself: rush and tap him heavily on the shoulder; however, you’re mistaken. You say: A) He has a rich collection of which he is dieting. B) He must be very choosy in clothes. A) Excuse me, my friend. C) He doesn’t like loose fitting clothes at all. B) I feel sorry that you’re not my friend. D) He seems to have a lot of clothes in his closet, but C) I’m sorry; I thought you were a friend of mine. none of them fit well. D) Sorry but I don’t think you’re my friend E) If only he could put on some weight, he would E) You look just like my friend; don’t you? look much better in all those clothes.
166 43. At the party, you refuse to drink anything alcoholic as 47. You are two days late to return a book to the library somebody should drive the long way back, and there and you do not know much about the rules. You say is always police control on the freeway. You remind to the librarian; your friends saying: A) Now I’ll have to pay ₤5 for two days. A) Everyone should drink water when driving long B) Do you mind if I pay for my overdue book? distances. C) Would you like to pay for this late book of yours? B) The police fine people who drink while driving. D) What am I supposed to do now? Pay something C) Whoever drinks and drives gets a ticket from the E) Sorry for that but I just couldn’t help it. police. D) The police wouldn’t like to see me drunk, would they? E) I know I won’t be able to enjoy the party much. 48. Tom is packing to go for a weekend in the country. He is asking for advice about things to take. He says:
44. Your son has grown incredibly quickly since last A) It’ll be nice at this time of the year, won’t it? winter. You say to him; B) So I’m going to need some extra blankets.
A) T he sweater you used to wear are too small for C) Do you think you could lend me your gloves? you this year. D) Shall I pack my Wellington boots as well? B) I don’t think you’ll need new clothes this year. E) I don’t expect I’ll be back before Monday. C) You can wear your old sweater for fun. D) You’d better slow down, son. E) You wouldn’t like to wear these large clothes, would you?
49. Juliet wants to go abroad for a holiday; but Steve objects because he’s had a nasty experience abroad 45. After getting on the bus, you realize that you don’t before. He says: have any tickets on you. The driver stares at you and you explain. A) You see, what I’d like to do is practice my French and Spanish A) I didn’t know I needed a ticket B) What I can’t stand is all the bother with foreign B) I’m sorry; I thought my ticket was in my wallet money. It’s so confusing C) Do you think someone could sell me one? C) We’ve been to most of the interesting places in Britain already. D) Would it be possible to travel without one? D) No I just don’t fancy another cold English summer E) I thought you sold tickets on the bus E) I’m sorry but that’s no use to me.
46. You have finished the books you borrowed from the library. Having enjoyed reading them you say to your friend; 50. There is something wrong with your friend’s eyes. He doesn’t seem to see too well. You say: A) I recommend these books to you, too B) Would you like me to read these books to you? A) Let me have a look. Does it hurt when I press? C) You can lend these books to me when you’ve B) Why don’t you have it X-rayed then? finished. C) What are the symptoms? Tell me D) Do you think I should read them, too? D) Microsurgery is one of the miracles of modern E) I’m going to give away these books; you can have surgery. them if you want. E) You’d better have them tested, hadn’t you? 167