Handbook on Missions and Operations Handbook on Missions
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QW-07-16-117-EN-C HANDBOOK ON MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS HANDBOOK ON MISSIONS Jochen Rehrl, Galia Glume (eds): Rehrl, Jochen HANDBOOK MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ISBN 978-92-95201-07-1 doi:10.2855/606486 HANDBOOK ON CSDP MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION edited by Jochen Rehrl and Galia Glume with forewords by H. E. Federica Mogherini High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the Commission and H. E. Gerald Klug Federal Minister of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria Disclaimer: Any views or opinions presented in this handbook are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the European Union or the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports. Imprint: Publication of the Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria Editors: Jochen Rehrl and Galia Glume Idea and concept: Jochen Rehrl Published by: Directorate for Security Policy of the Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria Rossauer Lände 1, 1090 Vienna/Austria Copyright: Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria and Jochen Rehrl Photo credits for the front page: European Union/EUTM Somalia, European Union/EUCAP Nestor, European Union/EUPM, European Union/EUNAVFOR Somalia, European Union/EUFOR Althea, Sonia Khoudja Layout: Axel Scala, Armed Forces Printing Centre/MoDS, Vienna/AUSTRIA !"#$%&'()*+&!)23! 2456"3*22#7*88%*6$ Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Paper ISBN 978-92-95201-07-1 doi:10.2855/606486 QW-07-16-117-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-95201-06-4 doi:10.2855/414003 QW-07-16-117-EN-N 2 CONTENTS 1 BACKGROUND 1.1. The rationale for CSDP ......................................................................................................... 12 1.1.1. Development of CFSP/CSDP (Jochen Rehrl) ............................................................. 12 1.1.2. Je parle donc je suis? The raison d’être of the CSDP (Sven Biscop) .............................. 18 1.2. CSDP structures and procedures .......................................................................................... 21 1.2.1. Crisis management structures (Jochen Rehrl and Galia Glume) ................................... 21 1.2.2. Crisis response system and management procedures (Jochen Rehrl) ............................ 27 1.2.3. Chain of command – command and control for CSDP engagement (Galia Glume) ............................................................................................................ 32 1.2.4. EU Conflict Early Warning System ........................................................................... 35 1.2.5. SIAC – The Single Intelligence Analysis Capacity within the European Union (Józef Kozłowski and Jose-Miguel Palacios-Coronel) ........................... 40 1.3. Cooperation and coordination ............................................................................................. 43 1.3.1. The EU comprehensive approach (Jean-Philippe Scherer) ........................................... 43 1.3.2. CSDP/FSJ link (Michał Narojek) ............................................................................... 50 1.3.3. Fragility, development and security ............................................................................56 1.3.4. CSDP and partners (Helena Bogusławska) .................................................................. 63 1.3.5. Transition strategies (Snowy Lintern) .......................................................................... 68 1.4. EU crisis prevention/management tools ............................................................................... 73 1.4.1. The EU’s diplomatic engagement (Simon Duke) ........................................................ 73 1.4.2. Conflict prevention (Andrew Byrne and Joëlle Jenny) ................................................... 77 1.4.3 The Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (Martin Albani) .......................... 81 1.4.4. Humanitarian aid and civil protection (Florika Fink-Hooijer) .................................... 86 1.4.5. Election Observation (Emanuele Giaufret and Radek Khol) ........................................ 91 1.4.6. EU support for mediation and dialogue (Eldridge Adolfo and Canan Gündüz) ........... 95 1.4.7. Sanctions (Kees Smit Sibinga) ..................................................................................... 99 Annex: EU restrictive measures in force ...................................................................103 2 CSDP MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS 2.1. From EUPM Bosnia to EUMAM RCA (Arnold Kammel) .................................................... 106 2.2. Basic principles, concepts and policies ............................................................................... 112 2.2.1. Peaceful resolution of conflicts (Eva Gross) ............................................................... 112 3 2.2.2. Human rights and rule of law (Richard Winkelhofer) ................................................ 116 2.2.3. Strategic Communication – Crisis Response Information Activities (CRIA) (Vicente Diaz de Villegas) .............................................................. 120 2.2.4. Law of armed conflict and rules of engagement (Michael Pesendorfer) ...................... 126 2.2.5. International criminal law and transitional justice (Sari Kouvo and Christian Behrmann) ..................................................................... 133 2.2.6. Protection of civilians (Vincenzo de Benedictis) ......................................................... 137 2.2.7. Anti-corruption (Raluca Stefanuc) ............................................................................ 141 2.2.8. Public diplomacy (Victor Reuter) .............................................................................. 148 2.2.9. Gender and the UNSCR 1325 Women, peace and security agenda (Sari Kouvo) ...................................................... 153 2.2.10. Conflict sensitivity – Why and how do I need to engage differently in a situation of conflict and fragility? .....................................................158 2.3. Scope of missions and operations ....................................................................................... 162 2.3.1. Civilian CSDP missions (Mercedes Garcia-Perez and Galia Glume)........................... 162 2.3.2. Military missions and operations (Giovanni Ramunno) ............................................ 169 2.3.3. Supporting Security Sector Reform (Victoria Walker) ............................................... 175 2.4. Benchmarking and lessons learnt ....................................................................................... 181 2.4.1. The importance of benchmarking and impact assessment in CSDP operations (Annemarie Peen Rodt) ............................................................. 181 2.4.2. Benchmarking and impact assessment for civilian CSDP missions (Birgit Loeser) ................................................................ 186 2.4.3. Lessons learnt and best practices (Giovanni Cremonini) ............................................ 188 2.4.4. The conceptual background for EU crisis management (Morten Knudsen) .............. 190 2.5. Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 192 2.5.1. Cyber security and defence (Wolfgang Röhrig) .......................................................... 192 2.5.2. Private Military and Security Companies in CSDP Missions (Anne-Marie Buzatu) .................................................................. 200 2.5.3. Local ownership and cooperation with civil society (Maria Fihl).............................. 205 2.5.4. Public health engagement in CSDP operations and missions – enhancing personnel sustainability (Bastian Bail and Evert-Jan Slootman) ................ 208 2.5.5. Counter-terrorism (Sofie Rafrafi) .............................................................................. 215 2.5.6. Climate security (Marcus Houben) ............................................................................ 220 2.5.7. Maritime security (Marcus Houben and Fredrik Lindblom) ....................................... 225 2.5.8. Hybrid warfare (Gabor Iklódy) ................................................................................. 229 2.5.9. Sustainability: a key factor in ensuring successful results, lasting changes and CSDP credibility (Sofie Rafrafi) ................................................. 231 4 3 CAPABILITIES 3.1. Capability Development ....................................................................................................236 3.1.1. Military capability development (Paul van der Heijden) ........................................... 236 3.1.2. Civilian capability development (Nina Antolovic Tovornik) ....................................... 241 3.2. Rapid Reaction/Response ................................................................................................... 244 3.2.1. Military Rapid Response (Jerónimo Domínguez Barbero and Tomas Abrahamsson) ............................................ 244 3.2.2. Civilian Rapid Reaction/Response (Birgit Loeser) ..................................................... 250 3.3. Building Human Resources via Training ........................................................................... 254 3.3.1. The European