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Mauretania Caesartiensis: an archaeological and geographical survey
Lawless, R. I.
How to cite: Lawless, R. I. (1969) Mauretania Caesartiensis: an archaeological and geographical survey, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9282/
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Berguent (Marod v.leKreider (Geryville a BO'tkm.i Fetit-Pirt Bosquet-pig OF ROMANISATION V I LLAGE -THE RAS ASFOUR NATIVE SETTLEMENTS IN PERMANENT ^^^P^^^'^^'' FORTIFIED RES[I bENCE GCVERAN L\M^'^ Karouli elflsdri OF NATIVE iklEFTAiN "^^dlS'KKelUl laSilairafi • I SOLATED HOU KMS de l Aiqlujllfc Al>o 33 » ENCLOSURE HOUT I&isttL* » O 3 3 INTERNAL BUILDINGS 9 Plane A.C.FaIcbn HasSa UNCLASSIFIED RUINS >Vuls Nouvi C.Sigale »3 3*33*3 (BsJuikiaii mbasle Flags dOfHallo C.Oulassa KMS I.Plachqoun Beni-S Cd'Acr C.Noe lies ChafTarines C.del'Eau C.Milonia Gialjricci* ••>i .••••..Xabja TBouRache Araria .^deMouleyA.E.K. iElBeida efafikr •^.-ABMaiB- dt Moisbah Dj.Ouaiene,; p\ ll^'A^dtTmBrahim BMeUu/ui K laKreider IGeryvUle a ZOtkm l K Berguent I03rocl t.Berquent \ • Z" CONTEMTS OJj' PORTFOLIO. Histograms. 16. Damous 3U. ALA MILIARIA COLUMNATA 17. NUMERUS SYRORUM kl. Kherl3a des Aouissat 19. PRAESIDIUM SUPATIVE/ 1+8. AlBULAE 50. Souama de Mecherasfa 22. POMARIA • 52. Tiaret 23. ALTAVA 55. Aioun BlDilDa 30. Oued el Hammam . 77. Boghar 31. Guethna 78. RAPIDUM 32. AQUAE SIRENSBS Maps. 1. Location Map - The North African Provinces. 2. Location Map - Modern Political Boundaries. 3. The Maijor Structural Regions of North Africa. Annual Rainfall of North Africa. 5. The Main Physical Regions. 6. i) The Dir of the Ras Asfour. ii) The Distrihution of different types of native settlement in the Ras Asfour. TvTDes of Native Settlements and their Distri- 7. a/h •^^ hution. 8. a/h Economic Evidence from Native Sites. a/h Native Sites v/hich show Evidence of Roman in• 9. fluences . 10. a/h Roman Sites studied in detail in Volume Two. 11. a/h Roman Military Sites. 12. a/h Types of Roman Civilian Settlements and their Distrihution. 13.a/"b Transparent Overlays: - details of topography and present-day pattern of settlement and of communications. N .B. The distrihution maps oi Roman and native sites in our area oi special study (maps 7 — 12) are made up oi two parts - a vjest and an east sheet - v;hich are numbered, ror example 7a (.west sheet) and 713 (east sheet). The two sheets oj. each distrihution map should he placed together so that the two arrows on the eastern edge or sheet 'a* meet the two arrows on the Vifestern edge or sheet 'h', as helow: sheet t' -hK I sheet 'a Details or topography and present-day pattern of settlement and communications for our area of special study (from the maps Afrique l/5uO,OOU Type Tourisme Oran and Alger, published hy the Institut Geographique National, Paris) have heen reproduced at a scale of l/6uu,000 as a transparent overlay. The overlay is also divided into two parts, a west and an east sheet (l3a/'b), which have been trimmed to fit exactly over the cori'esponding parts of the distrihution maps. " i ' -1" A. D. 16 DAMOUS L!-J-:-.Ul- 1^ IJOO :2.0_0_J ! i : ! ; • -i ; I :.^r3 OO.J „ J. .p. _ - -j- i" ""i " • •" i :-(/) __[_._!.: • 1 . ; : '4-- CC < UJ 4.00:: 6'0Q —4 — 1, 7:0_0 ir::;.i:ri:::::;lp • : :-| NUMBER OF NSClR II^^TlI JOINS MERUS SYRORUM 200 J i { i 300 E V I D;E N G E ! n T H AT CIV 1 L S EirpI LE M E N^ft T H A Di AGH I EVED C:!ljTYiJd/iS.TrA.T! 4:0.0 J:i:j;; 500 ! t I 700 NUMBER L_!_L.|_ III -!..-! ! i 1. ! -Li J._ I i ! 19 PRAES 1 Dl UM SUFATIVE / ALBULAE ! I ...... ! I y LOO PRAESIDIUM SUFATIVE 1 i M I i. ESTABLISHED I 200 J 1 i I I i ! ..' I i i FIRM EVIDENCE THAT iCilVtL 300. SETTLEMENT HAD ACHIEVED RANK OF CHARTERED LJr- OWN •cr—i—rr — >J __4QO EARLIEST DATED CHR ST I AN :::T;L"h-!---t-r INSCRIPTION 500 600 700 NUMBER OF INSCRIPTIONS I I I i "1 r i I 22 P O M A R IA 200 EVIDENCE HAT CIVIL SETTLEMENT HAD ACHIEVED HARTERED TOWN 400. EARLIES DATED GHR I SX I NSCRIPTION 5QO 6om] 700 NUM llPriLlJDiN ALTAVA A.D. ICQ 200 S&TtT LEM ENT r H^^^ LilE&x:B:^;viDEN;c^E 1 ! 3 GO BY R>lN^:RA:RTST±l:::r 1 I >. . 400 'I I i i : i L 1...L..- 'i i i i ' i • . ; . 1 : _, , iruLj-' .4 jTur i ! L :ruJ-!J- :5iOO MA & T HE ROMANS J J J-.i- -UL-L- 1 ; ! 1 L I i I 1 : L luiiitiinair i ; ; 1_ \ I 1 • 1 i L .-4- i ! _i j i_ I L LL.I 700 :il]:i:i-.;;:r;HilO; -rri7;iirL.u XLlJOiNS NU.M BE R :. iSsC^R-LR MILL •i I 4W 1 I 1 1 I ! I OUED EL HAMMAM > 400 NUMBER llNSCRjiaxiONS r i: .1-1.i .1 L.L.L 'i ' "i'L 31 GU ETHNA 400 NUMBER. OF INSCRIPTIONS J i .1. i .1 i i i i i 1 ._L_!_.LL..1J__L;J.J_ 1 i ; • 11 L.LL iJ..JJ !_iJ. ] "] ' ' 1 i i i 1 : • i' 1 I I I r.L_;L]_j._ 32L;,ij.AQiil)AE::i^s:i:R£Ns! A.D...... 400 600 N.UMBER±:OF INSGlRIPiTIONS 200 FORT CONSTRUCTED HERE EVIDENGE T;H A CI VilL ACH lEVED 300 J SETTLEMENT HAD CilTY STATUS OO:;.^ NUMBER I N SC R I PT ONS COLU M N ATA 300 J 500 700 ( 1 1 : Ip N UMBER OF INSCRIPTION S KHERBA AOUISSAT 200 u 300 GATES RAM PARTS CONS 400 500:d _._:._!...;_!— 1 i i i :60_0_ i i j i"" "~ ... i • • ' ; : ; _irL._.-.!. ij'i!" 700 .il:-::;;.:..|L.:::i:lp:r::;: i i I I NSCRI PTIONS i ' i NUMBER OF " ! ! i 1 i i 1 ii i 1 ; II-MJ- I i J J-Xi- i 1 . ; 1 ! 1 -l T"i""l" i [L OO J 200:_^ 400 SOOlJ 600..J NUMBER OF INSCRIPTIONS 300 400 500 60.0 NUMBE R O F I NSC RI PTION S TTT .1 LL. I I M M ' Lit AlOUN SB BA A. D. lOO J 1 Li 200 _LJ -rrr rrrr Q: :< UJ 400- 500 J_LL I :6QO, -r:"r-L 1 ; 1 -Ui-LL .J L._L_L!_. 1_! I 70Q _:.L._L --p-L vrrv -H-i-i- NUMBER^ OFI NSCRIPTIONS :-H-::j:thH:r -L-LJ-U "i"\\ • 1 • • ^ • i ' ^ • ! • '""i 'LL. 1- "L ! "! L i ' j 1 ; i " L"! • 1 ; i •PM' 1 i 1 i i HAR • 1 '-i-^-i ' 1 i 1 1 ! i ; 1 i • ' 1 i i 1 1 _ -j—;~T— oo J -t-r~ ;;E::i" . ! i i. L' STABLISHED HERE 20a.:LJ ! -L-i—i... 400:J 600__1 i NUMBERlliOF tslSCRIP IONS J:.|:]::L.L:: .-L.:..i-.-!_ :XLL-L -! .,1-1 ..L. A^ D . RAP IDUM FO RT E ST A B L ISHED RAM PARTS CONSTRUCTED PROTECT CIVIL SETTLEMEN EV. I DENCE THAT CIVIL SET iLEMEN T HAD AC H I E VED CITY STATUS CI T Y CAP U RE D DEST ROY ED 300 J REBELS LATE R REBUILT 40 O 600 J 700 NUMBER O F I N SC R I P T LOCATION MAP THE NORTH AFRICAN PROVINCES CARTHAGO CIRTA N SITIFIS , c ^ VOLUBILIS LEFT IS MAGNA — LEBDA MAGNA CAES A RE A — CHERCHEL SITIFIS — SETIF APPROXIMATE POSITION OF THE LIMES ESTABLISHED BY SE PTIMI US SEVERCIS CARTHAGO — CARTHAGE TINGI — TANGIER AREA OF SPECIAL STUDY CIRTA — CONSTANTINE VOLUBILIS — KSAR PHARAOUM O 100 200 300 400 500 KILOMETRES LOCATION MAP MODERN POLITICAL BOUNDARIES N MOROCCO ALGERIA AREA OF SPECIAL STUDY THE MAJOR STRUCTURAL REGIONS OF NORTH AFRICA AREA OF SPECIAL STUDY ATLAS MOUNTAINS CHARACTERISED BY MONOCLINAL FOLDING TERTIARY & QUATERNARY ANCIENT MASS 1 FS VOLCANOES & LAVAS RIF-TELL MOUNTAINS CHARACTERISED BY BASEMENT COMPLEX COMPLEX FOLDING PLATEAUX & GENTL Y ALLUVIAL PLAINS FOLDED HILLS 200 300 KILOMETRES ANNUAL RAINFALL OF NORTH AFRICA AREA OF SPECIAL STUDY 400-BOOMM ABOVE IOOOMM. 300-200MM lOOO - 600MM 200 - IOOMM. lOO 200 300 400 500 600 - 400MM. BELOW IOOMM. KILOMETRES THE MAIN PHYSICAL REGIONS PLAINS BELOW 200 METRES ALGIERS HILLS AND MOUNTAIN CHAINS WITH CHERCHEL A COMPLEX FOLDED STRUCTURE [tELL ATLAS] INTERIOR BASINS d /e M i /l i a ,n a Q MILI AMA EL-KHEMIS O MEDEA SOUR ATLAS TABULAIRE GHOZLAN BERROUAGHIA O EL-^SNAM O INTERI9R HIGH PLAINS MOSTAGANEM O BOGHARI TENIET- EL HAD J SAHARAN IGHIL-IZANE ATLAS •TISSEMSILT ' O. NAHAR__^0 OMOHAMMADIA SAHARAN PIEDMONT C 'OMASCARA ^ G BURDEAU. / TIARET-0 AIN TEMOUCHENT j 9, I I />^SIDI'^BEL ABBES CHELLALA GHAZOUAT O FRENDA / TLEMCENO 0SA1DA OOUJDA ODJELFA OEL AlOUN AFLOU ©LAGHOUAT BAYADH hMECHERIA O 20 40 60 80 100 KILOMETRES \ ASFOUR THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NATIVE SETTLEMENT IN THE RAS ASFOUR OU J DA ISOLATED HOUSE 3 O O O 03 O 3 ^ « 3 ^3 3?3^ 3 3 ASFOU R HIGHER MOUNTAIN SLOPES PIEDMONT ZONE R I VERS 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 1 KMS I KMS TYPES OF NATIVE SETTLEMENTS 7a & THEIR DISTRIBUTION VILLAGE A FORTIFIED RESIDENCE OF CHIEFTAIN N NATIVE SETTLEMENTS IN THE RAS ASFOUR 3 ISOLATED HOUSE O ENCLOSURE WITHOUT INTERNAL BUILDINGS e UNCLASSIFIED NATIVE RUINS «0 » 9 O 15 _30 KMS. ® ® 8 >I2 •^••lO ® ® ••o Qi O O 14 O 3 ' O O THE NUMBERS 1-15 REFER TO NATIVE SITES STUDIED IN DETAIL IN VOLUME TWO 7b O '®® ffi ®© •® O .® o 9 o o 13 14 © o. O O • • • o ° 3( 3 3 O O O O O 5 O O ECONOMIC EVIDENCE FROM 8a NATIVE SITES VILLAGE t GRAIN SILO FORTIFIED RESIDENCE N CORN MILL OF CHIEFTAIN NAT VE SETTLEMENTS IN THE RAS ASFOUR 0 CARBONISED CEREAL ISOLATED HOUSE GRAINS SMALL DAM ACROSS ENCLOSURE WITHOUT OUED o INTERNAL BUILDINGS » O 3 GARDEN WALLS 15 30 o KMS. dorm 't KMS •1^ •0 • • • o t o 11 8b "•••JL •••t ••• ••.••33• • «2•• ^ II • « o • • ••W O ll« + • •• \r 11 ^ -,- + i,t It ••••til II. •^ •! :^/;t% •••••• •• " • •!! fli. • + , 11 " o o II ° • •ll • • • • • . o , 9 O" O A 3 O • • • • ••!• • ••• o o o • • A. O NATIVE "SITES' WHICH SHOW EVIDENCE 9a OF ROMAN INFLUENCES EVIDENCE OF ROMANISATION VILLAGE O NATIVE SETTLEMENTS IN THE RAS ASFOUR N PERMANENT CAMPS ALONG FORTIFIED RESIDENCE THE SEVERAN LIMES OF NATIVE CHIEFTAIN 3 ISOLATED H-OUSE 30 15 KMS. 9 3^ 3 •33 » ^» * ENCLOSURE WITHOUT 3 O 3 3 INTERNAL BUILDINGS 3 9 UNCLASSIFIED NATIVE RUINS (§) o 3 3 o KMS. ALA MILIARIA \KAPUTTASACCURA\ _• LUCU\ POM A RIA\ HUMERUS SYRORUM • O • • ffl ^ o O A* (§) • •o o (D 9b (D HIBERNA ALAE SE BASTE NAE BOG HAR ® ®® GRIUID I USI NAZA A IN TOUT A BOURBAKI \COLUMNA // o // // • o // •w / • •• % w V • // • 'it w • • • ^ ^ O MEDJEDE L CONORS ^ I YTCMORDJANCT BREUCORUM KORIREI N A I OUN SB/ BA ® o, (§) O 9 O o o o • • • O ° • AIN EL HAMMAM I a 3« I \DJELFA (§)o ® e • ;® o o o p]o o O)1l I ZEN INA ROMAN SITES STUDIED IN DETAIL lOa IN VOLUME TWO THE NUMBERS 16-86 REFER TO INDIVIDUAL ROMAN SITES STUPIED IN DETAIL IN VOLUME 2 — N — 30 O KMS. 28 29 30 31 19 32 18 20 21 27 34 16 24 33 25 26 23 22 17 lOb 84 78 85 QQ 79 83 39 74 77 35 36 73 37 71 38 69 68 70 49 67 76 72 65 66 40 45 44 75 42 46 48 47 43 50 63 52 5! 86 62 64 53 60 61 59 54 , 56 55 + 5^58 Ila ROMAN MILITARY SITES 4\ BASE OF ARMY OF OCCUPATION PROVINCIAL CAPITAL • • DURING THE IST CENTURY • • VETERAN COLONY FORT ESTABLISHED DURING 2ND CENTURY OTHER CITIES OCCUPIED DURING IST CENTURY PERMANENT CAMP ON SEVERAN LIMES POR TU S MAGN US KMS ALA MILIARIA PORTUS D 1 V I N I BALLENE PRAE SIDIUM M 1 N A POSSIBLE MILITARY SITE TASACCU RA SMALL FORT ROMAN ROAD PRAESIDIUM PORTUS SIGENSIS SUFA Tl VE S I G A ALA MILIARIA LU C U CUR A N U M E R U S P O M A R I A S Y R O R U M RUSGUN lAE RUSUBBICAR I C O 5 U K/^ I lb G U N U G U CARTENNA ARSENARIA CAS T ELLUM (AA Tl NG I TANUM THA N A R A M U S C A S TR A G A DA UM HI BERN A ALAE c A s r R A S E BA S TE NA E BOG HAR AIN GRIMID US N AZA AIN TOUTA BO U R BA KI COLUMN A TA ME D J EDEL\ CO H O R S TEMORDJANET BREUCORUM AlOUN SBIBA ^/ KOR I REIN D JEL FA AIN EL HAMMAM ZEN INA TYPES OF ROMAN CIVILIAN SETTLEMENTS •> 12a & THEIR DISTRI BUTION ROMAN ROAD FORTIFIED VILLA COURSE UNCERTAIN PROVINCIAL CAPITAL TiPASA ROMAN NAME ROMAN FARM VETERAN COLONY Q U I Z A MODERN NAME BOGHAR UNCLASSIFIED ROMAN RUINS O LARGE URBAN CENTRE PORTUS MAGNUS ROMAN ROAD CIVIL SETTLEMENT COURSE CERTAIN OUTSIDE FORT G PORTUS CAS TRA Dl V IN I PUERORUM BALLENE PRAESIDIUM OTHER SMALL O URBAN CENTRES CASTRA NOVA TASACCURA o ROMAN VILLAGE OUED EL HAMMAM REG lAE GU E THN A AD DRACONES FORTIFIED VILLA A AQUAE PORTUS SIGENSIS AL BU LAE S I RENSES SIGA ALA MILIARIA DAMOL'S TEN IRA KAPUT TASACCURA LUCU ALTAVA POM A RIA NUMERUS SYRORUM RUSGUN lAE I COSI UM RUSUBBICARI O I OL-CAESA REAI f W + TI PAS A J- ^- CART ILI + GUNUGU MOUZAIAVILLE + + ARSENARIA + q_PP_l_DUM NOVUM ZUCCHABAR LAMBDIA MALLIANA + K ALA A SUFASAR A A ^ ' _ AUZIA TH_A_NAJ>A MUSA RA PIP UM-^f L ^ U O^J:^-^r^ + CASTELLUM CASTRA TING I TANUM + VA GAL CHELLALA A A I NKE RMANN DES^^^A ADAOURA J "A BOGHAR O A AIN GRIMtDI r-\ t r HIBERNA ALAE O \.ZJ0\3KUE\i)i\_)y\^ ^SEBASTENAE + USIN AZA AIN TOUTA BOU R BAKI KHERBA ACHLEF(^^ ^+ ^_ KHERBA DES^.^ AOU I SSAT + COLUMN A TA + SOUAMA OE MECHERASFA ^ KHERBET BENT (S ^AR AH AlOUM O , + SBIBA + 3a •Petit-Port Bosqiiet-PJag C.lvi MQ.$ta^3 «d PVde l-Aiotillt AbodW iLjiiicvi-*? la Macti D.?f\\//5lj,eu I.PIane C.Filcon Fornalra JCUnaie a libs Habibas/ JcuuMej'lJidK If (IJ) /^^^XOT^mel' Scrarce Elanche JL^ tf^ aTtus Plage d'O'HaUo oussa mbasle C.Oulassa x>S^^ l.r^ac^goun if I.de Mokrauh Kocher ^Jt& lles ChafTarines C.Noe C.del'Eau C.Milonia oXamamdfl ,-^s ••••.:5H ^5:7»Tr'^'''" ejtandre aine ^ A. 6VsKy copfaeratif W < Kodialncfeau. 5127 /r><^Zcrti4 el latzss p\ainef e^/^ngarf + Rached Dlafl-ao H?deWBe ana KraUallAh MeMouleyA.EK At /l-')MElBeida E de Modabah DJ.Ouazen . 0,^r„i\J.(H=}7iA > SyTaJaa. .lAMeTinBrahim i A'dH'elMadani v.Berguent V. Berguent (maroc! v.leKreider (Geryville a EOkkm.) ALGER C.SIFerruch . ausQ 3b eUefAita ^Cherchel h Bou Aro Bpasa Fontaine du Gem Chebli- C.Tenes C.Kalah Tenes FointeHoute ma^mmam / C.Ma3roua Ho'dtie C.Krami s".Mine SoukelATlja avar onlepa • ePuits as@a47^o, D. 101 : A.b-kX x>3 PouCuczoyl ' 895 Liebcrt ^1 640 habouma A.fi-r/mtl ' Rocade I SuJ Am Ousicl echaigal lidlierUc •N, Ain Dzarit flit/It atCherg I \;>*tirianT> DarBethir 66* Alorrxt El Mesrane Kerme* . Jtv Zerzour Harltelt<> /ViikMa Dar in5« SMUa r'AMouila \1 If.^f^Tn ^1037 ' ToUaii ElMalalba IHelfa ( ^ a-Mfa Wy e/. AinliirrexJ I oasftoud ,' , Jj.el Ha Hres noirs indiquent le numerotage des Routes II8Z males, des Routes D6partementales et des C.dc»Caravane9y/i272 ;s de grands parcours. . .112 ffres bleus indiquent les distances entre villes drapeaux ou entre ville et drapeau QdrQme^ Terrain aviation T \' 'til >*°i^'**''* / OumelGuttauta i ^ V. Laqhouaz