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Penguin Readers Factsheets Level 2 – Elementary Moby DickLevel 2 – Elementary Teacher’s Notes

Moby Dick By Herman Melville

he had many adventures, including living briefly among the Summary Typee cannibals in the Marquesas Islands. When he was 25, he returned to his mother’s house in the United States Ishmael (the narrator) wants to work on a whaling ship. He and began to write books based on his adventures. His arrives in Nantucket, an island off the coast of Massachusetts, first two books, Typee (1845) and Omoo (1847) were very where he meets Queequeg, the son of a Maori chief in New successful. Moby Dick, was published in 1850. Although Zealand who also wants to work on a whaling ship. The two it was praised by the critics, it did not sell as well as his become good friends, and sign up to work on the Pequod, first two books. Melville’s later years were often difficult a whaling ship with a one-legged captain called Ahab. After and unhappy. His writing reflected increasing despair and three weeks at sea, Ahab tells the crew that he wants to kill contempt for human hypocrisy. His last finished novel, The Moby Dick, the white whale that bit off his leg. He offers Confidence Man (1857), was a harsh satire of American life. gold to the first man to see the whale. Everyone is happy After this he wrote only poetry and worked as a customs except for Starbuck, the first mate, who thinks that Ahab is inspector on New York docks. However, when he died in crazy. The Pequod catches and kills many whales, but Ahab 1891, an unfinished novel, Billy Budd, was found in his desk. cannot forget Moby Dick. One night, Fedallah, a sinister When it was finally published in 1924, it was hailed by the man who can tell the future, sees Moby Dick. Ahab is happy, critics as a great novel. But it is for his masterpiece, Moby and he orders the crew to follow the whale, but they lose it. Dick, that Melville is mainly remembered today. Ahab tells Fedallah about a bad dream, and Fedallah tells him that when he dies, he will not have a coffin; he will be killed by a rope. And he, Fedallah, will die first. Ahab gets Background and themes more desperate to catch the whale. He throws away the ship’s maps and threatens to kill anyone who tries to turn the Man v Nature: is, in many ways, a traditional ship around. Starbuck has the chance to kill Ahab, but loses Moby Dick adventure story about American pioneers but with a different his nerve. Ahab refuses to help the captain of another ship, background: instead of the American Wild West, there is the the Rachel, look for his missing son because he learns that sea, and instead of the search for gold there is the hunt for Moby Dick is nearby. The whale is sighted, and Ahab leads Moby Dick. The central conflict in the book is between man his crew out in small boats to fight the whale with harpoons, and nature, but the battle between Ahab and the whale is leaving Starbuck to look after the ship. The fight with Moby open to many interpretations. For example, in John Huston’s Dick lasts for three days. On the first day, Ahab hits the whale film (1956, with Gregory Peck as Ahab), he questions which with his harpoon but his boat capsizes. On the second day, one, Ahab or the whale, is the real monster. Ahab’s boat is capsized again, he loses his whalebone leg and Fedallah is killed. On the third day, Ahab sees Fedallah’s Superstition and Myth: A stranger in Nantucket warns body tangled up in ropes on Moby Dick. Ahab hits the whale Ishmael and Queequeg against traveling with Ahab. with a harpoon. Moby Dick hits the Pequod, which starts Fedallah predicts his own death and that of Ahab. A large to sink. In a seemingly suicidal act, Ahab throws another black bird takes Ahab’s hat just before the final battle with harpoon at Moby Dick but gets tangled up in the rope and Moby Dick. There are many signs and omens that predict goes down with the whale. The ship sinks, and only Ishmael a tragic end. The purpose of these is to create a sense of survives. He is rescued from the sea by the Rachel, whose inevitability. captain is still looking for his missing son Contrast between civilizations: Ahab, a ‘civilized’ sea captain, has primitive delusions of grandeur. He bases his life on superstition and dreams. He is only kind to Pip, About Herman Melville the crazy cabin boy, because Pip worships him as a god. He shows no respect or consideration for others. He is Herman Melville (1819–1891) was born in New York. His prepared to sacrifice everybody’s life in the pursuit of his father became bankrupt and went insane, dying when own obsession. Queequeg, in contrast, is a tattooed Maori. Melville was 12 years old. Melville worked as a clerk, teacher He, too, has superstitions and is superficially primitive, but and farmhand before going to sea in search of adventure he is the most human, civilized person on the ship. when he was 20 years old. After working as a cabin boy on a whaling ship, he joined the U.S. Navy. During this time

ropes Captain Gardiner’s son Captain Gardiner’s Captain Ahab’s whalebone leg Captain Ahab’s You You are Ishmael. You want to go out in the You think Ahab is a bad captain. You want to to want You captain. bad a is Ahab think You boat with Queequeg, Starbuck why. not Fedallah. Tell kill him. Say why. You don’t like Captain Ahab, but you think to kill him. Say why. that it is wrong think You that Ahab is a good captain. You Say why. want him to stay. . Ask them to have this conversation. . Ask them to have this birds a coffin How are these importantHow are in this section? Who do you feel sorry you feel sorry for? Who don’t Many things happen in this story to warn people Captain Ahab, after his conversation with Fedallah. Captain Ahab, after his conversation with Fedallah. Starbuck, in the bad weather. Captain Ahab, in the bad weather. room. Starbuck, after he leaves Captain Ahab’s Ahab. when he leaves Captain Captain Gardiner, the Captain Ahab and Fedallah, when they watch ocean. takes his hat. Captain Ahab, when the bird takes Captain Ahab’s The whalers, when the bird hat. for? Why? they? What are about the future. What lessons can we learn this story? from why not? Who is the most important man on the ship Queequeg? Why? – Ishmael, Starbuck or Why is Starbuck angry with Pip? Is he right? Why/ Put students into small groups to discuss these Put students into small groups to discuss these ending? Why? questions. (a) (b) questions. (a) Student B: Pequod How do these people feel? Why? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Student A: Student B: Student C: (g) (h) (b) (b) Class discussion. Will the story have a happy or sad Put students into groups to discuss these questions. to discuss Put students into groups (a) the on sailors are They three. of groups into students Put Put students into groups to discuss this question.

Word list Word 3 2 1 2 found on page 45 of the They Reader. are practised in the ‘Before you read’ sections at the back Study Active Longman the in those on based are definitions of the book. (The Dictionary.) Published and distributed by Pearson Longman Factsheet written by Chris Rice Factsheet series developed by Louise James Chapters 11–13 ACTIVITIES AFTER READING THE BOOK It will be useful for your students to know the new words Chapters 9–10 wild ship’s ship’s

bad strong maps or a old good

kind harpoons friendly barrels oil evil You You are Starbuck. You want Ishmael to go You are Queequeg. You want to leave home home leave to want You Queequeg. are You out in a small whaling boat with him why. Fedallah. Tell You You are Queequeg’s father. You want your him why. son to stay at home. Tell and work on your a father whaling ship. Tell why. ? Why/why not? © Pearson Education Limited 2006 sharks afraid the weather Why are these things importantWhy are to whalers? Is it Some say that Fedallah can see the future. Why do people kill whales? Is it a good or bad Why do people kill whales? Is it a good or bad like to know your future? Why/why not? like to know your future? Why is Captain Ahab angry with Captain Boomer? Who is right? Why? possible to see the future, do you think? Would you do you think? Would possible to see the future, Pequod thing? Why? on a Someone pays you £50,000 to work for a year not? whaling ship. Do you want the job? Why/why 100 years dangerous How was killing whales more ago than today? captain? Why? Who is right, Captain Ahab or Starbuck? Why? Will Ishmael and Queequeg be happy on the Do these words describe a Do these words conversation. Student A: Put students into groups to discuss these questions. Put students into groups (a) (b) conversation. Student A: (b) picture picture on the front Ask cover. them happening. what’s How do the men feel, and why? Student B: (c) (c) (d) (b) Put students into pairs. Ask them to have this Put students into pairs. Ask them to have this Class discussion. (a) Ask students to discuss these questions in pairs. (a) Ask students to work in them groups. to Tell look at the Teacher’s Notes Teacher’s

Communicative activites Communicative 1 2 1 2 1 Chapters 7–8 Chapters 4–6 Chapters 1–3 ACTIVITIES AFTER READING A SECTION

Student’s Student’s Activities pages of primarily for use with this class Readers but, with the exception Factsheet. These are of discussion and pair/group work questions, can also be alone in a self-access centre. used by students working READING THE BOOK ACTIVITIES BEFORE The following teacher-led activities cover the same sections The following teacher-led of text as the exercises at supplement the those exercises. For back supplementary exercises of photocopiable the the see book, the Reader, of sections and shorter covering Penguin Readers Factsheets Readers Penguin Penguin Readers Factsheets Level 2 – Elementary Moby DickLevel Photocopiable 2 – Elementary Student’s Activities

Moby Dick By Herman Melville

These activities can be done alone or with one or more other (d) is not married? students. Pair/group only activities are marked*. (e) does not want to help Captain Ahab? (f) does not sleep well? ACTIVITIES BEFORE READING THE BOOK (g) stays away from the other whalers? (h) sees the white whale first? Look at the Word List at the back of the book. Then look at the pictures in the book. In which pictures can you 2 Does Captain Ahab do these things? Write yes (Y) or no (N) see: (a) He goes out in a small boat. (a) a whale? (b) He tries to kill Stubb. (b) a harpoon? (c) He thinks about money. (c) a whalebone leg? (d) He talks to the captain of the Albatross. (d) people rowing? (e) He thinks about his family. (e) a barrel? (f) He smiles when he meets Captain Bloomer. (f) a captain? (g) He only talks to Fedallah. (h) He smiles when he sees the whale. ACTIVITIES WHILE READING THE BOOK Chapters 7–8 Chapters 1–3 Why … 1 Underline the right words. (a) are the men angry with Pip? (a) Queequeg comes / does not come from a whaling (b) is Captain Ahab kind to Pip? family. (c) does Starbuck thank Captain Ahab? (b) Queequeg / Captain Ahab can see the future. (c) Captain Ahab is busy / sick. What … (d) The whalers laugh / shout at Queequeg. (d) catches Pip when he jumps out of the boat? (e) The men are noisy / quiet after Queequeg throws (e) is Pip afraid of in the water? his harpoon. (f) does Queequeg want? (f) Captain Ahab has only one arm / leg. Who … (g) Starbuck wants to find Moby Dick / other whales. (g) sees the hand of God? (h) Ishmael / Pip can hear a strange sound. (h) wants the ship to stop? 2 Put the words in the sentences. (i) is very sick?

afraid angry crazy excited happy Chapters 9–10 interesting strange tired 1 When do these things happen? Number them 1–8. (a) Ishmael is when he arrives in (a) Ishmael wants Starbuck to shoot Captain Ahab. Nantucket. (b) Captain Ahab brings Pip to his room. (b) Elijah gives Ishmael a look. (c) Captain Ahab throws his maps into the ocean. (c) Ishmael is after he talks to Elijah. (d) Captain Gardiner asks Captain Ahab for help. (d) Starbuck is never (e) Captain Ahab has a bad dream. (e) The men on the Pequod are (f) Captain Ahab loses his hat. (f) Captain Ahab is when he talks to (g) The men fight sharks. his men. 2 Are these sentences about the whalers right (R) or (g) The men are after Captain Ahab wrong (W)? talks to them. (a) They put lights on the end of their harpoons. (h) Starbuck thinks that Captain Ahab’s plan is (b) They think that Captain Ahab is dangerous. (c) They tell Captain Ahab to forget the white whale. (d) They try to kill Captain Ahab. Chapters 4–6 (e) They hear the calls of dead sailors. 1 Who (f) They look for Captain Gardiner’s son. (a) wears a strange white hat and has almost no teeth? (g) Some of them laugh when Captain Ahab (b) always shouts but is never angry? loses his hat. (c) is the captain of Ishmael’s small boat?

Chapters 11–13 1 When do these people die? Number them 1–5 (a) Queequeg (b) Captain Ahab (c) Starbuck and Pip (d) The men in the boat (e) Fedallah 2 What is the right answer? (a) Captain Ahab talks to about his family. (1) Ishmael (2) Fedallah (3) Starbuck (b) Ishmael thinks that Moby Dick is . (1) beautiful (2) ugly (3) afraid (c) The whalers are when they cannot find Fedallah. (1) interested (2) happy (3) not sad (d) On the third day, there is/are whaling boat(s) on the Pequod. (1) one (2) two (3) three (e) The whale’s body feels . (1) warm (2) cold (3) soft (f) Captain Ahab dies . (1) with a rope around his body (2) when the Pequod goes down (3) in the whale’s mouth (g) Ishmael is in the water for two … . (1) hours (2) days (3) weeks

3 Which of these words is not about Captain Ahab in these chapters? afraid angry excited kind sad strong tired

ACTIVITIES AFTER READING THE BOOK

1 *Discuss these questions. Work in pairs. (a) Are you glad that the whale does not die? Why/ why not? (b) Is Captain Ahab a completely bad man? What is good about him? 2 You are Captain Gardiner. You think that Captain Ahab is a bad captain. You want him to lose his job. Write a letter to Captain Ahab’s whaling company and tell them why.

© Pearson Education Limited 2006 Published and distributed by Pearson Longman Factsheet written by Chris Rice Factsheet series developed by Louise James Penguin Readers Answer Key Level 2 – Elementary Moby DickLevel 2 – Elementary Moby Dick

Answers to Book Activities 10 (a) ... they do not want the sharks to eat the whale meat. 1 Open answers (b) … he only wants to catch Moby 2 (a) sail – ocean Dick. (b) death – die (c) … it is easy to see a white whale (c) dream – sleep in the dark. (d) star – sky (d) … Fedallah can see the future. (e) gold – rich (e) … he wants to follow the white whale. 3 (a) a whale (b) Captain Ahab hates Moby Dick 11–12 Open answers because he lost a leg in a fight 13 (a) broke with it. (b) jumps (c) a young sailor (c) leaves (d) Possible answer: Ishmael feels (d) thinks excited because this is Ishmael’s (e) stop first whaling trip. (f) does Answers to Factsheet Activities (e) Open answers (g) die Communicative activities 4 (a) 4 (h) feels ACTIVITIES BEFORE READING THE BOOK (b) 7 14 Possible answers: (c) 5 (a) Stubb wants to teach Pip a 1–2 Open answers (d) 6 lesson. ACTIVITIES BEFORE READING A SECTION (e) 1 (b) Pip was in the ocean for too long. (f) 3 (c) Because Pip thinks that he is God. Chapters 1–3 (g) 2 (d) Because he knows that Starbuck 1–2 Open answers 5 (a) Queequeg – a whaler from is right. Kokovoko. He is ugly. He never (e) Because he is very sick. Chapters 4–6 goes home. 15–16 Open answers (a) Sharks try to eat the whalemeat. (b) Elijah – an old sailor. He sailed Whalers get oil from whales. with Ahab. He thinks that Ahab is 17 (a) … they do not want the sharks to They keep the oil in barrels. the Devil. eat the whale meat. They kill whales with harpoons. (c) Starbuck – a sailor. He never (b) … because he has a bad dream. They need maps when they sail smiles. He thinks that Ahab’s plan (c) … because he wants to know the across oceans. is crazy. future. Bad weather makes their job hard (d) Stubb – a sailor. He is happy and (d) … because the wind is strong and and dangerous. tells funny stories. dangerous. (e) Bildad, Tashtego, etc. – sailors. (e) … because his boy was on it. (b)–(c) Sharks try to eat the whalemeat. They come from different (f) … because he has no time. Chapters 7–8 countries and tell interesting 18 (a) Fedallah tells Ahab that a rope stories. 1 Open answers will kill him. (f) Pip – the little cook boy. He hears (b) Ahab throws his maps into the 2 (a) Starbuck is angry because Pip men below them. ocean. thinks that Captain Ahab is God. 6 (a) It is tall and strong with dark (c) Starbuck almost shoots Ahab (b) Open answers wood from many years on the wild when he is asleep. Chapters 9–10 oceans. (d) Ahab tells Pip to stay in his room. (b) He is sick. (e) A bird flies away with Ahab’s hat. 1 Open answers (c) It is dangerous. The work is hard. 19 (a) Ishmael understands why Ahab 2 Possible answers: You are away from home for many talks to Fedallah. (a) afraid / He is happy that he will kill years. (b) Because he thinks that Ahab will Moby Dick before he dies. (d) He wants to see the world. kill everybody with his dangerous (b) afraid / He thinks the bad weather (e) The men cannot sleep because plan. comes from God. Captain Ahab walks up and down (c) angry / He will fight it. all night. 20 Open answers (d) angry / Captain Ahab’s plan is (f) Starbuck does not want to look 21 (a) 2nd dangerous for everybody for Moby Dick because he will not (b) 2nd (e) angry / Captain Ahab does not make any money. (c) 1st help him look for his son. (g) Ishmael thinks that Pip can hear (d) 3rd (f) quiet and afraid / They are the ocean, not the sound of men. (e) 2nd thinking about their future. 7 Open answers (f) 1st (g) angry / Some men are laughing at (g) 3rd him. 8 (a) W (h) 2nd (h) Some think that it is funny. Some (b) R (i) 3rd are afraid. It means that bad (c) R things will happen. (d) W 22–30 Open answers (e) W 3 Open answers (f) W Chapters 11–13 9 (a) Ishmael – the whalers with dark (a) Birds show that Moby Dick is near. faces and long black hair Captain Ahab loses his (b) Starbuck – Ahab’s family whalebone leg when he fights (c) Ishmael – he has not got a family Moby Dick. to go home to. Ropes kill Fedallah and Captain (d) Captain Ahab – Captain Boomer Ahab. (e) the whalers – Fedallah Ishmael climbs onto Queequeg’s (f) Starbuck – Captain Ahab coffin after the Pequod goes down. It saves his life. Captain Gardiner’s men think that Ishmael is their captain’s lost son. (b) Open answers

© Pearson Education Limited 2006 Published and distributed by Pearson Longman Factsheet written by Chris Rice Factsheet series developed by Louise James ACTIVITIES AFTER READING THE BOOK Chapters 7–8 (a) Elijah says that Ahab is the Devil / (a) They lose the whale because of Queequeg and Fedallah can see him. the future / Ahab’s dream / the (b) Pip thinks that Captain Ahab is bird takes Ahab’s hat / the bad God. weather (c) Captain Ahab stops the ship and (b) Open answers changes the barrels. (d) a harpoon rope ACTIVITIES BEFORE READING THE BOOK (e) sharks (a) pages 19, 31 (f) a coffin (b) page 11 (g) Pip (c) page 7 (h) Starbuck (d) page 19 (i) Queequeg (e) page 7 (f) pages 7, 11, 15, 25, 31 Chapters 9–10 ACTIVITIES WHILE READING THE BOOK 1 (a) 4 (b) 6 1 (a) does not come (c) 3 (b) Queequeg (d) 5 (c) sick (e) 2 (d) laugh (f) 7 (e) quiet (g) 1 (f) leg (g) other whales 2 (a) R (h) Pip (b) R (c) W 2 (a) tired (d) W (b) strange (e) W (c) afraid (f) W (d) happy (g) R (e) interesting (f) angry Chapters 11–13 (g) excited 1 (a) 2 (h) crazy (b) 3 Chapters 4–6 (c) 4 (d) 1 1 (a) Fedallah (b) Stubb 2 (a) Starbuck (c) Starbuck (b) beautiful (d) Ishmael (c) not sad (e) Captain Boomer (d) one (f) Captain Ahab (e) cold (g) Fedallah (f) with a rope around his body (h) Fedallah (g) days 2 (a) N 3 afraid (b) N (c) N ACTIVITIES AFTER READING THE BOOK (d) Y (e) N 1–3 Open answers (f) Y (g) Y (h) Y