DOCSLIB.ORG

Report of the Joint US Office of Naval Research, International Whaling

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report of the Joint US Office of Naval Research, International Whaling Report of the Joint US Office of Naval Research, International Whaling Commission and US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Workshop on Cetacean Tag Development, Tag Follow-up and Tagging Best Practices J. CETACEAN RES. MANAGE. 21 (SUPPL.), 2020 349 Report of the Joint US Office of Naval Research, International Whaling Commission and US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Workshop on Cetacean Tag Development, Tag Follow-up and Tagging Best Practices1 1. INTRODUCTORY ITEMS1 2. TAG TERMINOLOGY The Workshop was held at the National Marine Fisheries New definitions of tag terminology were introduced and Service office in Silver Spring, Maryland, USA from 6 to are presented in detail and illustrated in Annex E. Briefly, 8 September 2017. During this Workshop, limited time two categories of cetacean electronic tags were specified was devoted to the topic of understanding the impacts of according to the method of attachment to the animal: invasive invasive tagging and improving invasive tagging techniques. and non-invasive. ‘Invasive’ is defined as a tag type with an Therefore, a subgroup of the Silver Spring Workshop attachment that intentionally breaks the skin, regardless of participants met at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center how large or deep the break may be, and non-invasive tags in Seattle, WA, USA on 19 and 20 June 2018 to develop are those for which attachments do not penetrate through more detailed recommendations for future directions in the skin (e.g. suction-cup tags). Invasive tags can be further the development of invasive tag attachments. This report divided into three categories. Type A refers to tags that are integrates discussions held during the two meetings. The anchored to the dorsal fin or the body. The anchoring systems agendas of the meetings in Silver Spring and Seattle are terminate below the skin but the electronics are external to provided in Annexes A and B, respectively. the body. Type B corresponds to bolt-on tags with external Funding for the Workshop was provided by the International electronics and piercing anchor(s) fixed with external bolts, Whaling Commission (IWC), the United States National typically attached through the dorsal fin or dorsal ridge of Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’ National Marine small to medium-size cetaceans. Type C includes tags in Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) and the United States which the anchoring systems and the electronic packages Office of Naval Research (ONR). A total of 42 participants are consolidated and embedded in the body of the animals from 9 different countries attended the Silver Spring meeting, with an external antenna. These latter tags are typically used and 19 from 6 countries participated in the Seattle meeting. on large cetaceans and are designed to anchor below the Participants included tag developers, tag users, veterinarians, blubber-muscle interface. engineers, representatives of governmental and inter- governmental agencies, and tag manufacturers. The list of participants is provided in Annex C. 3. PRESENTATIONS Since the 2009 Cetacean Tag Design Workshop (Office 1.1 Introduction of Chair and Rapporteurs of Naval Research, 2009), a National Oceanographic Donovan was appointed Chair and Simeone, Double and Partnership Program (NOPP) topic with funding from Rowles acted as rapporteurs for the Workshop in Silver ONR, Bureau of Ocean Energy and Management (BOEM), Spring. Weise and Schorr were nominated, respectively, National Science Foundation (NSF), NOAA, and American Chair and rapporteur for the meeting in Seattle. Petroleum Institute (API) supported a variety of studies to improve tagging technology and to better understand 1.2 Terms of Reference the effects of tags on cetaceans, both on individual and The Terms of Reference of the Workshop are presented as population levels. Presentations by Workshop participants Annex D. (Annex F) summarised information from these NOPP studies. Presentations also reviewed the benefits and limitations of 1.3 Expected outcomes the use of antibiotics on invasive tags, and on potential new The expected outcomes of the Workshop included a review technologies that could be considered in future development of progress in tag design and attachment over the last decade of tag housing and tag attachments. since the Cetacean Tag Workshop (Office of Naval Research, 2009) and a review of studies that have examined the 3.1 Invasive tags effects of tagging. In addition, the Workshop was expected 3.1.1 Type A tags to review a draft of the ‘Cetacean Tagging Best Practice Andrews presented information on Type A (anchored) Guidelines’ (hereafter referred to as ‘the Guidelines’), which tags, focusing on the Low Impact Minimally-Percutaneous was prepared by a group of 22 experts in cetacean tagging External-electronics Transmitter (LIMPET) satellite tag. and cetacean medicine and was shared with the participants This tag was initially developed for application to killer prior to the Workshop. The Guidelines would be finalised whales (Orcinus orca), but its modest success with that after the Workshop to serve as a global resource to assist species led to a desire to apply it more broadly and to researchers, veterinarians, animal care committee members, make it commercially available. Before that could be done, and regulatory agency staff, in the interpretation and refinements were necessary, and the presentation focused on implementation of current standards of practice and promote those refinements that have occurred since the 2009 ONR- the training of specialists in this area. It was expected that sponsored cetacean tag Workshop, and especially the results the Guidelines would be endorsed by the IWC Scientific of the NOPP project, funded by ONR, entitled ‘Improving Committee, and published in the peer-reviewed literature. attachments of remotely-deployed dorsal fin- mounted tags: tissue structure, hydrodynamics, in situ performance, 1Presented to the meeting as SC/68A/Rep03. and tagged-animal follow-up’. Collaborators on that 350 REPORT OF THE JOINT TAGGING WORKSHOP project were R. Baird, G. Schorr, R. Mittal, L. Howle, attachment durations are still quite variable and not as long and B. Hanson. The goal was to improve the LIMPET tag as desired, and some tags still break (Andrews et al., 2015). methodology to achieve longer, less variable attachment Due to the highly variable nature of LIMPET satellite tag durations, and to work to ensure that the tag provided data durations, the deployment information for 247 of similarly without significantly affecting tagged animals adversely. deployed, location-only tags were assessed within a The approach included four topics: Generalized Linear Model framework. The effects of (1) hydrodynamics of tag shape; species, tag mold, dart version, and vertical and horizontal (2) dorsal fin tissue structure; position of the tags on the dorsal fin on transmission duration (3) performance of tag attachments – simulated and actual; were evaluated. A newer dart manufacturing process, which and eliminated individually welded petals (Andrews et al., 2015) (4) effects of tags, based on follow-up studies of wound resulted in significantly longer attachment durations with the healing, behaviour, and vital rates. median attachment duration increasing by 13 days (p<0.01). Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and physical Within species comparisons were made with the inclusion of models in a water tunnel, effects of tag shape, orientation the covariate Region where applicable, but should be viewed relative to flow, and location on the dorsal fin were examined. with caution due to small sample sizes. Three species had The hypothesis that lift was just as significant as drag in the no significant factors influencing attachment duration, total external force on the tag was supported through both CFD while pilot whale (Globicephala spp.) tags deployed in the simulations and water tunnel experimentation. Although the Atlantic were attached for significantly longer than in Hawaii hydrodynamics work was important in developing the new (p=0.03), and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) tags LIMPET tag package designs that are now offered by Wildlife deployed in Alaska were attached significantly longer than Computers, the current hypothesis is that the majority of tags those on whales in Hawaii (p=0.02). A ballistic comparison are displaced by contact with con-specifics or other objects, between the three types of LIMPET tags currently in use and therefore the ability to stay attached when exposed to indicate that both tag type and distance to target play those forces in addition to the forces of water flow must be an important role in flight trajectories, which should be considered in future tag package and attachment designs. The considered during deployment. Results of this study suggest team examined dorsal fin tissue from five species to assess that additional research and development work is required to structural layer geometry and collagen composition along reach consistent attachment performance, while minimising with fiber strength. However, variation within a fin was nearly the impact on tagged whales. as great as variation amongst species, and additional work on Raverty discussed a case report of mucormycosis in a this topic will be required before understanding of how tissue tagged southern resident killer whale. A 20-year-old male, composition may relate to tag attachment performance will L95, was satellite tagged February 23, 2016. At the time of be advanced. Performance of the titanium tag attachment deployment, the animal appeared in good body condition, darts used in LIMPET tags, using both tissue surrogates and but follow up re-sighting on February 25 revealed that the blubber and dorsal fin tissue salvaged from carcasses, showed animal was in suboptimal body condition with a prominent that during static pull tests, the backwards-facing petals depression along the nape and apparent shapes of the ribs usually bent around in an arc and did not break. However, and scapula. L95 was observed dead March 26 and towed field observations showed that in some cases the small petals ashore for a necropsy April 1, 2016. L95 presented in an were retained in the fin.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Captive Orcas
    Captive Orcas ‘Dying to Entertain You’ The Full Story A report for Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) Chippenham, UK Produced by Vanessa Williams Contents Introduction Section 1 The showbiz orca Section 2 Life in the wild FINgerprinting techniques. Community living. Social behaviour. Intelligence. Communication. Orca studies in other parts of the world. Fact file. Latest news on northern/southern residents. Section 3 The world orca trade Capture sites and methods. Legislation. Holding areas [USA/Canada /Iceland/Japan]. Effects of capture upon remaining animals. Potential future capture sites. Transport from the wild. Transport from tank to tank. “Orca laundering”. Breeding loan. Special deals. Section 4 Life in the tank Standards and regulations for captive display [USA/Canada/UK/Japan]. Conditions in captivity: Pool size. Pool design and water quality. Feeding. Acoustics and ambient noise. Social composition and companionship. Solitary confinement. Health of captive orcas: Survival rates and longevity. Causes of death. Stress. Aggressive behaviour towards other orcas. Aggression towards trainers. Section 5 Marine park myths Education. Conservation. Captive breeding. Research. Section 6 The display industry makes a killing Marketing the image. Lobbying. Dubious bedfellows. Drive fisheries. Over-capturing. Section 7 The times they are a-changing The future of marine parks. Changing climate of public opinion. Ethics. Alternatives to display. Whale watching. Cetacean-free facilities. Future of current captives. Release programmes. Section 8 Conclusions and recommendations Appendix: Location of current captives, and details of wild-caught orcas References The information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of last publication: 30th April 2001. Some information is inevitably date-sensitive: please notify the author with any comments or updated information.
    [Show full text]
  • THOUSAND MILE SONG Also by David Rothenberg
    THOUSAND MILE SONG Also by David Rothenberg Is It Painful to Think? Hand’s End Sudden Music Blue Cliff Record Always the Mountains Why Birds Sing THOUSAND MILE SONG Whale Music In a Sea of Sound DAVID ROTHENBERG A Member of the Perseus Books Group New York Copyright © 2008 by David Rothenberg Published by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016–8810. Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 255–1514, or e-mail [email protected]. Designed by Linda Mark Set in 12 pt Granjon by The Perseus Books Group Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rothenberg, David, 1962- Thousand mile song: whale music in a sea of sound / David Rothenberg. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-465-07128-9 (alk. paper) 1. Whales—Behavior. 2. Whale sounds. I. Title. QL737.C4R63 2008 599.5’1594—dc22 2007048161 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS 1 WE DIDN’T KNOW, WE DIDN’T KNOW: Whale Song Hits the Charts 1 2GONNA GROW
    [Show full text]
  • Milton's and Melville's Flawed Revolutionaries
    “I’d Strike the Son if He Insulted Me: Milton’s and Melville’s Flawed Revolutionaries” Benjamin Platt English Honors Thesis Advised by Professors Harvey Hix and Michael Edson Table of Contents: Introduction: The Flawed Revolutionary 2 Chapter 1: Satan in Paradise Lost 10 The Monarchical Father and the Regicidal Milton: 12 The Fall of Satan 27 Chapter 2: Ahab in Moby Dick; or, the Whale 44 Melville’s Democratic Drive 44 Ahab’s Satanic Descendancy 48 “Dark Ahab’s” Tyranny and Isolation 51 Potential Redemption in Pip and Starbuck 61 Burgeoning Democracy Amidst Tyranny 68 Conclusion: Human Potential and Felix Culpa 76 The “Happy” Consequences of Satan’s Rebellion 78 Ishmael, the Prophet of Democracy 82 Platt - 1 Introduction: The Flawed Revolutionary John Milton (1608-1674) and Herman Melville (1819-1891) loom large over their respective national literatures; Milton’s writing dominates the English poetic landscape while Melville’s magnum opus makes its case as “the great American novel,” a title that recognizes the national and political nature of textual works. In both Paradise Lost (1667) and Moby Dick ​ ​ ​ (1851), a distinctly political vein can be detected, and these works contain incredibly similar characters, Satan and Ahab, who, in their kinship, seem to point to a consistent philosophy of political progression between these two texts that lines up with the ideologies of Milton’s and Melville’s other writings. John Milton was an outspoken critic of the English monarchy during the English Civil War (1642-1651). He railed against tyranny and the monarchy during a polemical career that carried him into a position in the cabinet of Lord Protector Cromwell after the execution of Charles I in 1649.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Offerings 1/2/08 7:33 AM
    Hawaii Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary: Special Offerings 1/2/08 7:33 AM KIHEI FACILITIES PROJECT Return to Special Offerings Main Page Background Frequently Purpose Introduction Asked and Background Comments Photos Questions Need The office building before being acquired by NOAA and after renovation by the sanctuary's dedicated volunteers. PROJECT LOCATION Although the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HIHWNMS) itself covers an area of about 3626 square kilometers [1,400 square http://hawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov/special_offerings/sp_off/kfp/KFP_background.html Page 1 of 10 Hawaii Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary: Special Offerings 1/2/08 7:33 AM miles] in the waters of the Main Hawaiian Islands, this project is located on a land- based parcel that houses the sanctuary's Maui headquarters. The headquarters are located at 726 South Kihei Road in Kihei, Maui, Hawai‘i, on property owned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The NOS Kihei sanctuary property is located within TMK (2) 3-9-01:87 on Lot 2-2 and occupies 0.457 hectares [1.13 acres] or 4572.9 square meters [49,223 square feet]. The waters off the coast at this location are part of the sanctuary. NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE (NOS) KIHEI FACILITY BACKGROUND The NOS Kihei sanctuary headquarters property was developed in 1940 for use by the U.S. Navy for classified activities. The first buildings consisted of the main three- story building and the garage (now storage building). In the mid-1950s a generator shed (now small storage shed) and electronics building (now Education Center) were added.
    [Show full text]
  • Chrysalis 1967
    1967 chrvsalis . JI chrysalis 1967 volume 10 Table of Contents Untitled Barbara Buckler 2 Haiku Carolyn Hall 3 Haiku Carolyn Hall 3 Ode to a Mud Puddle Jennifer Vane 3 Where? Carolyn Hall 4 5:30 P. M. Crucifixion D. Anne Gregory 4 Birth and Death Peggy Horne 4 Haiku Carol Ann Green 4 Ducdame Jennifer Vane 5 Untitled Carolyn Hall 5 The Dandy General Sandra Hoy 6 Haiku Susan F. Kerby 7 Transition Pat Merchant 8 The Trial Augie Knott , 9 True Poem Complete with Shipwreck Cheryl Comer 13 The Rose of Bethany Suzanne Lewis 15 Untitled Suzanne Lewis 15 April Faye Carol Mitchell 16 Haiku Carolyn Hall 16 Haiku Carolyn Hall 16 A Path to Night Suzanne Lewis 17 Haiku Suzanne Lewis 17 Haiku Carolyn Hall 17 Untitled Carolyn Hall 17 To Trust an Angel Augie Knott 18 The Poet's Heart Suzanne Lewis 22 The Sea-Personified Ellen Tillery 23 Haiku Carolyn Hall 23 Things I Have Lost Peggy Horne 24 Sundays in Baltimore Mary Rubenstein 25 The Choice Barbara Ann Bell 25 Psychologically Pslumming while Pthumbing through Goose Cheryl Comer 26 Occasional Poem Jennifer Vane 26 Hauteur #2 Carolyn Hall 26 Some Thoughts on Water Alice Evelyn Liggett 27 cover design by Nancy Gilliam A Stmpf, St .. 9f, man A simple, single human seedling falls upon the world's soil. Carried by winds, worn by its own hot raindrops, Misused and abusing, It gropes for a small place into which the roots might extend And hold life firm and full. Such delicate sustenance is needed for full fruition: Life is felt only through an interchange between the very substances which determine the essential selfness of all which are.
    [Show full text]
  • North Atlantic Right Whale Vessel Speed Rule Assessment
    North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) Vessel Speed Rule Assessment June 2020 NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) remains one of the most endangered large whales in the world with an estimated population size of about 400 individuals at the end of 2018 (Pace et al. 2017; Hayes et al. 2019). Despite decades of protection, a combination of anthropogenic impacts and a low calving rate continue to impede recovery of the species (Kraus et al. 2016; Corkeron et al. 2018; Hayes et al. 2019). The most pressing threats to right whale survival include entanglement in fishing gear and collisions with vessels, which combined are responsible for a minimum of 86 mortalities and serious injuries in the U.S. and Canada between 2000 and 2017 (Waring et al. 2004; Waring et al. 2009; Waring et al. 2013; Hayes et al. 2019) representing approximately 20% of the extant population. In 2008, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) implemented a seasonal, mandatory vessel speed rule in certain areas along the U.S. East Coast to reduce the risk of vessel collisions with right whales. We conducted a review of the speed rule to evaluate how effective it is at reducing the incidence of right whale mortality and serious injury due to vessel strikes and where it could be improved. While it is not possible to determine a direct causal link, the number of documented vessel strike mortalities and serious injuries decreased from 12 during the 10 years prior to the rule’s implementation to 8 in the 10 years since implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • Relocating the American Dream. the America of the 1960S As Portrayed
    Relocating the American Dream The America of the 1960s as Portrayed by the New Journalists Norman Mailer, Hunter S. Thompson, and Tom Wolfe Master's Thesis Department of English University of Helsinki Supervisor: Bo Pettersson Date: 25.3.2009 Meri Laitinen 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................3 1.1 Aims and methods ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Defining new journalism............................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Norman Mailer ........................................................................................................................................ 16 1.2.2 Hunter S. Thompson................................................................................................................................17 1.2.3 Tom Wolfe............................................................................................................................................... 18 1.3 Defining the American Dream...................................................................................................................... 19 1.3.1 Origins of the term................................................................................................................................... 19 1.3.2 The American Dream in popular culture ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Makah Whale Hunt and Leviathan's Death
    The Makah Whale Hunt and Leviathan’s Death: Reinventing Tradition and Disputing Authenticity in the Age of Modernity Rob van Ginkel, University of Amsterdam ABSTRACT In 1995, the Makah Indian Tribe (USA) publicly announced that it wished to revitalize its tradition of whale hunting. The Makah had treaty rights to hunt whales dating back to 1855 but gave up whaling in the 1920s. Environmentalists and animal rights activists adamantly opposed the Makah’s claim, but the tribe was successful in obtaining permission to go whaling again. Vehement reactions followed. The discourse on the Makah whale hunting rights soon shifted to discussing the merits and demerits of Makah culture and the genuineness and legitimateness of the tribe’s wish to reconnect to its tradition. The present article describes and analyzes the debate, in particular as it relates to the issues of Makah heritage and its contested authenticity. ‘Authenticity is created out of fakery’ – Daniel Miller, Modernity, 1994, p. 321 ‘Our way is not in the past. It’s never really been dead. It’s just tucked away’ – Theron Parker, Makah whale harpooner1 Introduction In present-day Western society, for many people killing whales amounts to conducting an act of barbarism. Though whaling has been perceived as a legitimate economic activity for a long time, over-harvesting brought about depletion of many whale species and extinction of some. Subsequent action of environmentalist groups gradually focused the world’s attention on the whale problem, and whaling became highly controversial. In the early 1960s, the industrial way of slaughtering marine mammals was still largely uncontested, but only two decades later a worldwide moratorium on whaling was in place.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Aquariums of Boston, Third Revised Edition by Jerry Ryan (1937 - )
    THE FORGOTTEN AQUARIUMS OF BOSTON THIRD Revised Edition By Jerry Ryan 2011 Jerry Ryan All rights reserved. Excerpt from “For The Union Dead” from FOR THE UNION DEAD by Robert Lowell. Copyright 1959 by Robert Lowell. Copyright renewed 1987 by Harriet Lowell, Caroline Lowell and Sheridan Lowell. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC. The Forgotten Aquariums of Boston, Third Revised Edition by Jerry Ryan (1937 - ). First Printing June, 2002. ISBN 0-9711999-0-6 (Softcover). 1.Public Aquaria. 2. Aquarium History. 3. Boston Aquarial Gardens. 4. Barnum’s Aquarial Gardens. 5. South Boston Aquarium. 6. P. T. Barnum. 7. James A. Cutting. 8. Henry D. Butler. 9. Aquariums. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface To The Third Revised Edition by Jeff Ives Page 6 Preface To The Second Edition By Jerry Ryan Page 7 Acknowledgements Page 9 The Boston Aquarial Gardens: Bromfield Street Page 10 Boston Aquarial and Zoological Gardens: Central Court Page 28 Barnum Aquarial Gardens Page 45 The South Boston Aquarium Page 62 Epilogue Page 73 Appendices Page 75 Illustration Credits Page 100 References and Suggested Reading Page 101 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Boston is known as a city filled with history, but it’s not always the history you’d expect. Today millions of tourists walk the freedom trail with Paul Revere’s famous ride galloping through their heads. Little do they know that 85 years after the fateful lamp was lit in Old North Church, an entirely different kind of ride was taking place in the heart of Boston’s Downtown Crossing. This ride was performed by a woman seated in a nautilus-shaped boat being pulled by a beluga whale through the largest tank in the first aquarium in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication As Environmental Resource: an Ethnographic Exploration of Endangered Whale Watching and Human-Nature Relations
    Communication as Environmental Resource: An Ethnographic Exploration of Endangered Whale Watching and Human-Nature Relations Tema Milstein A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2007 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Communication University of Washington Graduate School This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a doctoral dissertation by Tema Milstein and have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Chair of the Supervisory Committee ____________________________________________________________ Gerry Philipsen Reading Committee: ____________________________________________________________ Gerry Philipsen ____________________________________________________________ Crispin Thurlow ____________________________________________________________ John Palka Date: _____________________________ In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of the dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for copying or reproduction of this dissertation may be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346,
    [Show full text]
  • Uhm Phd 9519443 R.Pdf
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from anytype of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell &Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Aoad. Ann Arbor. MI48106·1346 USA 313!761-47oo 800:521·0600 Order Number 9519443 Acoustic and visual tracking reveals distribution, song variability and social roles of humpback whales in Hawaiian waters Frankel, Adam Scott, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, 1994 Copyright @1994 by Frankel, Adam Scott.
    [Show full text]
  • San Diego Natural History Museum Whalers Museum Whalers Handbook Jmorris
    San Diego Natural History Museum Whalers Museum Whalers Handbook jmorris Revised 2016 by Uli Burgin This page intentionally blank SECTION 1: VOLUNTEER BASICS 1 SECTION 2: MARINE MAMMALS AND THEIR ADAPTATIONS 5 SECTION 3: INTRODUCTION TO CETACEANS 10 INTRODUCTION TO THE GRAY WHALE 15 SECTION 5: RORQUALS 23 SECTION 6: ODONTOCETES (TOOTHED WHALES) 31 SECTION 7: PINNIPEDS—SEA LIONS AND SEALS 41 SECTION 8: OTHER MARINE LIFE YOU MAY SEE 45 SECTION 9: BIRDING ON THE HORNBLOWER 49 SECTION 10: SAN DIEGO BAY 55 SECTION 11: DOING THE PRESENTATION 63 SECTION 12: FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW 69 SECTION 13: VOLGISTICS AND SIGHTINGS LOG 75 SECTION 14: ON BOARD THE HORNBLOWER, CRUISE INFO AND MORE 79 SECTION 15: REFERENCES 83 This page intentionally blank Section 1: Volunteer Basics Welcome! We are pleased to have you as a volunteer Museum Whaler for the San Diego Natural History Museum. As a Museum Whaler you are carrying on a long tradition of whale watching here in southern California. Our first trips were offered to the public in 1957. These trips were led by pioneer whale watching naturalist Ray Gilmore, an employee of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and a research associate of the San Diego Natural History Museum. Ray’s whale-watching trips became well known over the years and integrated science and education with a lot of fun. We are sure that Ray would be very pleased with the San Diego Natural History Museum’s continued involvement in offering fun and educational whale watching experiences to the public through our connection with Hornblower Cruises and Events.
    [Show full text]