'Political Pressures Not to Harm Iran-EAEU Trade'

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

'Political Pressures Not to Harm Iran-EAEU Trade' WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 16 Pages Price 40,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 39th year No.13543 Monday DECEMBER 2, 2019 Azar 11, 1398 Rabi’ Al thani 5, 1441 Leader advises U.S. must stop the Iran win two golds UNESCO to incompetent hopefuls not wrong maximum at Karate1 Premier commemorate Farabi, to run for parliament 2 pressure policy 2 League 15 Attar in 2020, 2021 16 Iran welcomes China’s initiative to See page 4 revive glory of ancient Silk Road ‘Political pressures TEHRAN – Iran’s tourism minister Iran enables cultural communication be- Ali-Asghar Mounesan has said Iran backs tween the East and the West. China’s initiative for reviving the glory “The BRI tightly connected many of ancient Silk Road, which existed for amicable countries along the Silk Road, thousands of years, passing through many and I am very glad that Iran could join different empires, kingdoms, reigns and in the initiative because it is helping to societies throughout history. restore the glory of the ancient road,” the not to harm As one of the countries under the Chi- Global Times quoted Mounesan as saying na-proposed Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), on Friday. 10 Iran investigating cause of Iran-EAEU trade’ unrest-related deaths: general TEHRAN — Commander of the Tehran their lives also diverge from those who division of the Islamic Revolution Guards wanted to damage public property,” Yazdi Corps (IRGC), Mohammad Reza Yazdi, said on Sunday, ISNA reported. He said says investigations are underway to clarify some security forces were shot as well. the cause of death of those who lost their General Yazdi acknowledged that the lives during the recent unrest across Iran. people are entitled to demand better living “In the same way that people diverge conditions, and said wanting better living from rioters, those who innocently lost conditions is a legitimate demand. 3 Iraq protesters burn Hakim shrine entrance in holy city Iraqi protesters set fire to the entrance ment unrest, which erupted last month. of a shrine in the southern holy city of On Friday, Prime Minister Adel Abdul Najaf and security forces fired tear gas to Mahdi promised to quit to try to stem disperse them, police and a demonstrator the violence and public anger. at the scene said. Demonstrations continued elsewhere in- The demonstrator sent a video to Reu- cluding the southern city of Nassiriya where ters of a doorway to the Hakim shrine protesters earlier surrounded a police station Amin Jalali blazing as protesters cheered and filmed and in Baghdad. But there were far fewer re- it on their mobile phones. Reuters could ports of casualties than on the previous two not immediately verify the footage. days, when scores were killed nationwide in IRNA/ The incident took place during one of the Iraqi capital and the south in clashes with Eurasian Economic Commission Trade Minister Veronika Nikishina the bloodiest weeks of Iraq’s anti-govern- security forces. 13 ARTICLE Will Riyadh end its invasion into Yemen? ARTICLE Ebrahim Fallahi By Farzad Farhadi to 2023 from 2021. Houthi political office, put forward the solution Hana Saada Tehran Times journalist TEHRAN – A military coalition, led by Saudi The Saudi war against Yemen has caused a that the Saudis needed. Journalist from Algeria Arabia, the UAE and the U.S., has launched a lot of military, political and economic pressure On September 20, al-Mashat announced a war against Yemen since March 26, 2015. The on Riyadh. According to media reports, due to conditional ceasefire, calling on the coalition to war has so far failed to meet its desired goals. the war, Saudi Arabia has lost all of its cash and halt the war and seize the opportunity of ceasefire. Clash of titans: Is Along with the news about the Yemen war, bor- non-cash reserves. According to military experts, the Yemeni ‘No to foreign rowing a loan from banks around the world by Saudi A way to take Riyadh out of Yemen conditional peace plan was presented at a time OPEC+ deal nearing Arabia has attracted the attention of observers. quagmire when Yemen was at the height of its power, the interference’: In January 2018, Reuters quoted the Saudi Saudi Arabia has been caught in the military, most important proof of which was the strikes its end? debt management office as saying that Riyadh political and economic quagmire of the Yemen on the Aramco oil facilities. Algerians dissipating has asked banks for proposals to refinance its $10 war. The war, which Mohammad bin Salman The strikes were so severe that prompted nly a few days is left before the billion international syndicated loan and to help did not expect to last more than three years, has various reactions internationally. disaccord in face unveiling of a big decision which the sovereign raise funds through other means. been raging for nearly five years and putting un- The important point of the plan is that it was will mostly determine the future of European O The office said the refinancing of the loan, bearable pressure on the Saudi economy. That presented by the Supreme Political Council, which of oil market in the upcoming year. Or- which was raised in 2016, will include a repricing is why Riyadh is looking for a way to take itself is currently the most powerful organization in ganization of the Petroleum Exporting Parliament’s of the facility and the extension of its maturity out of the trouble. Mahdi al-Mashat, chief of the Yemen. Countries and its allies including Russia (known as OPEC+) are going to gather resolution in Vienna during December 5-6 for the 177th Meeting of the OPEC Conference Hadi a spent force as Saudis directly engage Houthis lgeria, “free and sovereign “in its and the 7th OPEC and non-OPEC Minis- decisions, accepts no interference or Yemenis loyal to former president Abd Rabbuh The talks reportedly began in September The Stockholm agreement was between the diktat and submits to no bargaining terial Meeting, to discuss the oil market Mansour Hadi are deeply sidelined by Saudi Ara- after a Houthi attack on the world’s largest Houthis and Hadi, “but now the negotiations A and reach a decision regarding the next whoever the parties,” this is how respond- bia’s direct talks with Houthis. crude oil facility in Saudi Arabia temporarily are between the Houthis and Saudi Arabia,” the ed Algeria’s lieutenant general, chief of step for the OPEC+ cuts deal. According to London-based Middle East Eye impacted nearly six percent of daily global source said. Many experts and analysts expect Staff of the People’s National Army, to (MEE) news portal, Riyadh does not discuss its production. On Tuesday, a statement carried on Saudi state the non-binding resolution, adopted by OPEC+ to decide on extending the current existing engagement of the Houthis with the The Houthis reportedly offered to stop launch- media said the kingdom would ease restrictions pact rather than deepening the cuts, how- the European Parliament, on Thursday, “weak” pro-Hadi regime. ing attacks on Saudi targets if the kingdom ended on Yemeni airspace to allow flights out of the November 28, 2019 on the so-called the ever contrasting signals from the groups’ “Saudi Arabia is trying to find an exit from its airstrikes in Yemen. They later unilaterally Yemeni capital Sana’a, which is administered two major policy-makers indicate that the grim reality of human rights in Algeria, the trap it fell into,” Mohammed Ali, a journalist released hundreds of prisoners, while the Saudis by a coalition including the Houthis. calling on the North African country to situation doesn’t seem to be unwinding and commentator from the southwestern city of freed 128 Yemenis on Thursday. According to MEE, the agreement between toward such a decision. put an end to the criminalization of dis- Ta’izz, told MEE. The Hadi regime is apparently incensed, think- Saudi Arabia and the Houthis and lifting sent, arbitrary arrests, and violations of Saudi Arabia and Aramco IPO Riyadh has admitted having an “open channel” ing that the communication between Saudi Arabia blockade on Yemen was reached in Oman, After two years of postponing and minority rights. with the Yemeni movement to negotiate an end and the Houthis is aimed at ending attacks on but Hadi’s delegates were not involved in MEPs “deeply worried about the state speculation, Saudi Arabia has finally to the conflict. the kingdom. the negotiations. announced that the kingdom is going to of human rights and fundamental free- Last month, the Associated Press reported According to an unnamed Houthi source in Saudi Arabia made the concession after three doms in Algeria,” read a summary of the officially offer 1.5 percent of its oil-giant’s that Saudi Arabia and the Houthis have been Sana’a cited by the Middle East Eye, the current of its border brigades were captured by Yemenis stakes on December 5, allowing institu- EU body’s stance. holding “indirect, behind-the scenes talks” me- talks are not part of the UN-brokered Stockholm in August and the Houthis bombed oil facilities “[MEPs] strongly condemn the arbitrary tional investors to submit their initial diated by by Oman. agreement. in September, the report said. 13 offers. Interestingly, Aramco’s initial and unlawful arrest and detainment of, public offering (IPO) is concurrent with attacks on and intimidations of journal- the 177th gathering of OPEC. ists, trade unionists, lawyers, students, For years, the Saudis have been an- International human rights defenders and civil society nouncing that they will sell about five and all peaceful protesters taking part in percent of Aramco’s stock in foreign the Hirak demonstrations.” and domestic stock exchanges; and since Day of Persons They also “urged the Algerian author- they valued the company at $2 trillion, it ities to desist from judicial and legislative was estimated that Saudi Arabia would with Disabilities harassment, criminalization and arbitrary make $100 billion on its initial offering, arrest and detentions.” and will use the proceeds to build on the celebrated in For its part, the Algerian govern- foundations of the crown prince’s 2030 ment firmly condemned and rejected vision for an oil-free economy.
Recommended publications
  • European Science Review
    European science review № 7–8 2015 July–August «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH Vienna 2015 European Sciences review Scientific journal № 7–8 2015 (July–August) ISSN 2310-5577 Editor-in-chief Lucas Koenig, Austria Consulting editors Uwe Eisenberg, Austria Minik Olsen, Sweden International editorial board Melinda Boros, Hungary Miroslavka Murkovič, Slovenia Jana Ilyna, Russia Suleyman Suleymanov, Uzbekistan Wu Pan, China Dragan Novak, Croatia Dirk Eggers, Germany Yashkova Tatiana, Russia Proofreading Kristin Theissen Cover design Andreas Vogel Additional design Stephan Friedman Editorial office European Science Review “East West” Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, Am Gestade 1 1010 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.ew-a.org European Science Review is an international, German/English/Russian language, peer-reviewed journal. It is published bimonthly with circulation of 1000 copies. The decisive criterion for accepting a manuscript for publication is scientific quality. All research articles published in this journal have undergone a rigorous peer review. Based on initial screening by the editors, each paper is anonymized and reviewed by at least two anonymous referees. Recommending the articles for publishing, the reviewers confirm that in their opinion the submitted article contains important or new scientific results. Instructions for authors Full instructions for manuscript preparation and submission can be found through the “East West” Association GmbH home page at: http://www.ew-a.org. Material disclaimer The opinions expressed in the conference proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, the editor, the editorial board, or the organization to which the authors are affiliated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caucasus Globalization
    Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Conflicts in the Caucasus: History, Present, and Prospects for Resolution Special Issue Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 FOUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND& GLOBALIZATION PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 510 32 52 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 6 IssueMembers 2 2012 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza D.Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • Mozan 1 the Soundings of the First Two Seasons
    MOW1 THE SOUNDINGS OF THE FIRST TWO SEASONS Primary sources ‘dinterpretive analyses for the study of Mesopotamian civilization and its influences from late prehistory to the & of the cuneiform tradition Editor : Giorgio BucceLti Assistant Editors: John 1,Hayes, Patricia Oliansky Published Under the Auspices of II1MAS ?he International Institute for Mesopotamian Area Studies BIBLIOTHECA MESOPOTAMICA Volume 20 Mozan 1 The Soundings of the First Two Seasons Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati UNDENA PUBLICATIONS .Malibu 1988 ABSTRACT Preliminary soundings were conducted at Tell Mozan in the north-central portion of the Khabur plains in 1984 and 1985. The site has proven to be a major urban settlement of the third millennium and early part of the second millennium, with the possibility that it may correspond to ancient Urkish, known to have been a major Hurrian center in the early periods. This volume reports on the finds made as well as on various aspects and research goals of the project. After a presentation of the environmental, historical, archaeological and methodological considerations which provide the project its special scope, the following topics are covered: the two surface surveys of the High Mound and Outer City respectively; the excavations of the City Wall at the base, and of a stone building at the top of the High Mound; the artifacts found during the excavations, with special reference to an important group of seal impressions mostly on door sealings; paleobotanical and '4c samples; the beginning of a regional survey in the immediate vicinity of Tell Mozan; an art historical discussion (by 0. W. Muscarella) of the Urkish lion pegs preserved in the Louvre and the Metropolitan Museum of Art; and the application of computer aided design techniques to a study of the stone building on top of the High Mound.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Nuclear Ambitions From
    IDENTITY AND LEGITIMACY: IRAN’S NUCLEAR AMBITIONS FROM NON- TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVES Pupak Mohebali Doctor of Philosophy University of York Politics June 2017 Abstract This thesis examines the impact of Iranian elites’ conceptions of national identity on decisions affecting Iran's nuclear programme and the P5+1 nuclear negotiations. “Why has the development of an indigenous nuclear fuel cycle been portrayed as a unifying symbol of national identity in Iran, especially since 2002 following the revelation of clandestine nuclear activities”? This is the key research question that explores the Iranian political elites’ perspectives on nuclear policy actions. My main empirical data is elite interviews. Another valuable source of empirical data is a discourse analysis of Iranian leaders’ statements on various aspects of the nuclear programme. The major focus of the thesis is how the discourses of Iranian national identity have been influential in nuclear decision-making among the national elites. In this thesis, I examine Iranian national identity components, including Persian nationalism, Shia Islamic identity, Islamic Revolutionary ideology, and modernity and technological advancement. Traditional rationalist IR approaches, such as realism fail to explain how effective national identity is in the context of foreign policy decision-making. I thus discuss the connection between national identity, prestige and bargaining leverage using a social constructivist approach. According to constructivism, states’ cultures and identities are not established realities, but the outcomes of historical and social processes. The Iranian nuclear programme has a symbolic nature that mingles with socially constructed values. There is the need to look at Iran’s nuclear intentions not necessarily through the lens of a nuclear weapons programme, but rather through the regime’s overall nuclear aspirations.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Issue File
    Biannual of Research Institute for Strategic Strategic for Institute Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs 31 Vol. 11. No.1. Winter&Spring2020 Advisory Board Mohsen Rezaee Mirghaed, Kamal Kharazi, Ali Akbar Velayati, Ahmad Vahidi, Saeed Jalili, Publisher Ali Shamkhanim, Hosein Amirabdolahian, Ali Bagheri Institute for Strategic Research Editorial Board Expediency Council Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Director Professor, School of International Relations Mohsen Rezaee Mirghaed Gulshan Dietl Associate Professor, Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University Imam Hossein University Mohammad Marandi Professor, University of Tehran Jamshid Momtaz Editor-in-Chief Professor, University of Tehran Seyed Mohammad Kazem Mohammad Javad Zarif Sajjadpour Associate Professor, School of World Studies Professor of School of Mohiaddin Mesbahi International Relations Professor, Florida International University Hosein Salimi Professor, Allameh Tabatabii University Secretary of advisory board Seyed Jalal Dehghani Mohammad Nazari Professor, Allameh Tabatabii University Naser Hadian Director of Executive Affairs Assistant professor, University of Tehran Hadi Gholamnia Vitaly Naumkin Professor, Moscow State University Copyediting Hassan Hoseini Zeinab Ghasemi Tari Assistant Professor, University of Tehran Mohammad Ali Shirkhani Layout and Graphics Najmeh Ghaderi Professor, University of Tehran Foad Izadi Assistant Professor, University of Tehran Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs (IRFA) achieved the highest scientific ISSN: 2008-8221 grade from the Ministry of Science,
    [Show full text]
  • Pandey, a (2017) Socioeconomic Inequality in Healthcare Utilization and Expenditure in the Older Population of India
    Pandey, A (2017) Socioeconomic inequality in healthcare utilization and expenditure in the older population of India. PhD (research paper style) thesis, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17037/PUBS.04645412 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4645412/ DOI: 10.17037/PUBS.04645412 Usage Guidelines Please refer to usage guidelines at http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/policies.html or alterna- tively contact [email protected]. Available under license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ Socioeconomic inequality in healthcare utilization and expenditure in the older population of India ANAMIKA PANDEY Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of London August 2017 Department of Population Health Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE Funding: This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Capacity Strengthening Strategic Award to the Public Health Foundation of India and a consortium of UK universities. 1 STATEMENT OF OWN WORK All students are required to complete the following declaration when submitting their thesis. A shortened version of the School’s definition of Plagiarism and Cheating is as follows (the full definition is given in the Research Degrees Handbook): “Plagiarism is the act of presenting the ideas or discoveries of another as one’s own. To copy sentences, phrases or even striking expressions without acknowledgement in a manner which may deceive the reader as to the source is plagiarism. Where such copying or close paraphrase has occurred the mere mention of the source in a biography will not be deemed sufficient acknowledgement; in each instance, it must be referred specifically to its source.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran in Transition Suppl.Pdf
    2,400,000 1,600,000 All subjects Agriculture sciences Art fields Basic sciences Engineering Medical sciences Social sciences Female students (number) 800,000 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 A B Historical timeline of contemporary Iran Sanctions are intensified Anglo- Beginning Sanctions Constitutional revolution Soviet of Iran-Iraq are lifted and foundation of the first Occupation War Iranian parliament of Iran Sanctions End of Iran- Anglo- (WW II) are Iraq War American enforced Coup 1785 1850 1910 1925 1941 1951 1953 1979 1980 1988 2010 2016 Foundation of Pahlavi Islamic Amir Kabir Reforms Dynasty Nationalization Revolution of Iranian Oil 52 wks Industry Reign of Qajar Dynasty 45 wks First Pahlavi Era 23.8 wks Second Pahlavi Era Phase III Islamic Republic Period 6 4 Iran Middle East and North Africa World 2 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Figure 1- Development of modern medical education system in Iran Dar al-Fonun is founded Foundation of the Faculty of Public Health is More than 50 public Department of Medicine is University of Tehran established at the University of medical schools are established at Dar al-Fonun Tehran founded in Iran operates independently 1851 1860 1918 1923 1928 1934 1950 1956 1966 1970 2012 2016 Department of Pharmacy Foundation of is established at Dar al- Shiraz, Tabriz, and Fonun Mashhad Medical Seven medical schools are The first Iranian tutors were Schools founded in different cities of employed at Dar al-Fonun A bill was passed to send
    [Show full text]
  • Elections in Iran 2017 Presidential and Municipal Elections
    Elections in Iran 2017 Presidential and Municipal Elections Frequently Asked Questions Middle East and North Africa International Foundation for Electoral Systems 2011 Crystal Drive | Floor 10 | Arlington, VA 22202 | www.IFES.org May 15, 2017 Frequently Asked Questions When is Election Day? ................................................................................................................................... 1 Who will Iranians elect on May 19? .............................................................................................................. 1 What is the Guardian Council, and what is its mandate in Iran’s electoral process? ................................... 1 What is the Central Executive Election Board? What is its mandate? ......................................................... 2 What is the legal framework for elections in Iran? ...................................................................................... 2 What does the Law on Presidential Elections entail? ................................................................................... 3 What electoral system is used in Iran? ......................................................................................................... 3 Who is eligible to vote?................................................................................................................................. 3 Who can stand as a presidential candidate? ................................................................................................ 4 How is election
    [Show full text]
  • Women in the Iranian Election Campaign And
    MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES FALL 2009 MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM FALL OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES 2009 Introduction 1 Iran’s Presidential Elections: Women’s Role in the Pre- and Post-Election Politics 4 Quiet Leadership and Pressure from Below: Women’s Participation in Iranian Public Life 10 Women in the Iranian Election Campaign Women in Iran’s Green and Protest Movement: Their Role in the 2009 Presidential Introduction and called attention to the lack of progress on Election Protests 15 Kendra Heideman, Intern, Middle East Program regressive policies regarding women’s rights in Women played a prominent role throughout each Iran since Ahmadinejad was elected in 2005. The June Elections and the phase of Iran’s disputed June 2009 presidential Women were also active in the campaign, Change in Political election, including its aftermath. They were voted in large numbers, and later joined the Culture 18 actively courted by the candidates. Two candi- post-election protests despite the risk of arrest dates in particular, Mir-Hossein Mousavi and and in defiance of the batons, clubs, and guns of Mehdi Karroubi, promised to address women’s government security forces. The picture of Neda Reporting Chaos 20 rights issues and grant women cabinet seats if they Agha-Soltan, shot and bleeding to death on June were elected. In addition, Mousavi was joined 20, 2009 on a Tehran street, became the iconic by his wife, Zahra Rahnavard, on the campaign image of the protest movement. Another lasting trail in an act that underscored his commitment symbol was the use of the color green by mem- to a broad program for improving women’s bers of the Green Movement, a movement that rights, including his previous vow to review had started before the election and turned into laws that discriminate against women.
    [Show full text]
  • The Candidate Screening in Iran's Parliamentary Elections, 1984-2012
    OSIPP Discussion Paper: DP-2020-E-003 The Candidate Screening in Iran’s Parliamentary Elections, 1984-2012 April 23, 2020 Tomoyo Chisaka Ph.D. student, Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP), Osaka University Research Fellow, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 【keywords】Iran’s parliamentary elections, candidate screening, the Guardian Council 【summary】 This discussion paper examines historical development of the candidate screening for Iran’s parliamentary elections from 1984 to 2012. Scholars have discussed disqualification of reformists by the Guardian Council, but little is known about to what extent the pattern of disqualification was consistent in the elections. Using various local newspapers, I identified who were disqualified at elections in a long period of time. The result shows that the Guardian Council gradually expanded the target of disqualification. In some cases even incumbents who were once allowed were later disqualified. The paper concludes that the Guardian Council played an important role in excluding those who challenge the Supreme Leader’s authority. Acknowledgment: This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 19J10368). I thank Professor Akihisa Matsuno for his guidance and comments. All errors are my own. The author's email address: [email protected] 1. Introduction1 This paper examines the Guardian Council's practice of candidate screening for parliamentary elections in Iran. Scholars have argued that candidates who seek political reform (reformists) tend to be disqualified by the Guardian Council, whose members are appointed by the Supreme Leader. Sarabi writes, for instance, “[T]he most controversial barriers are the requirement that candidates demonstrate a practical commitment to Islam and to the Islamic government and the constitutional power of the Guardian Council to supervise elections(Sarabi1994,95).” The question is to what extent the pattern of the candidate screening was consistent.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian)
    Coor din ates: 3 2 °N 5 3 °E Iran Irān [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known اﯾﺮان :Iran (Persian [11] [12] Islamic Republic of Iran as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/), officially the Islamic (Persian) ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران Jomhuri-ye ﺟﻤﮭﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان :Republic of Iran (Persian Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen)),[13] is a sovereign state in Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān Western Asia.[14][15] With over 81 million inhabitants,[7] Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country.[16] Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,37 2 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17 th-largest in the world. Iran is Flag Emblem bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan,[a] to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the Motto: اﺳﺗﻘﻼل، آزادی، ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf ("Independence, freedom, the Islamic of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The Republic") [1] country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, (de facto) and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it Anthem: ﺳرود ﻣﻠﯽ ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران geostrategic importance.[17] Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ("National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran") and cultural center. 0:00 MENU Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,[18][19] beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE.
    [Show full text]
  • Threat Will Vanish with Increased Deterrence
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 16 Pages Price 20,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 39th year No.13265 Thursday NOVEMBER 29, 2018 Azar 8, 1397 Rabi’ Al awwal 21, 1440 Nuclear chief Chinese bank to back Aliasghar Hasanzadeh Actor Mashayekhi warns EU patience is Iran-China transactions named the 2018 AFC celebrates 84th birthday at running thin 2 as of Dec. 2 4 Futsal Player 15 Iranian Artists Forum 16 ICCIMA hosts Iran-S. Korea Threat will vanish with business opportunities conference ECONOMY TEHRAN — The 1st South Korean Ambassador to Iran Ryu deskJoint Conference on Jeong-hyun and several other officials Iran-South Korea Business Opportunities and businessmen. was held at the place of Iran Chamber of Addressing the event, Soltani referred Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agri- to the 51-year-background of the mutual increased deterrence culture (ICCIMA) on Tuesday, the portal economic cooperation between the two of ICCIMA reported. sides saying that Iranian and South-Korean The conference was attended by IC- small and medium-sized companies can See page 2 CIMA Vice President Pedram Soltani, continue and improve their cooperation Iranian Head of Iran-South Korea Joint even under the current U.S.-led sanctions Chamber of Commerce Hossein Tanhaie, against Iran. 4 Iranian company produces brain cancer vaccine HEALTS TEHRAN — Iranian tients for two years now, he said, adding deskscientists have managed that the treatment is funded by the Health to produce brain cancer vaccine, an expert Ministry and executed by Urmia University in immunology whose company is involved of Medical Sciences.
    [Show full text]