http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt8199n9dd No online items

Leslie Orgel Papers

Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Copyright 2018 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla 92093-0175 [email protected] URL: http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/sca/index.html

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 1 Descriptive Summary Languages: English Contributing Institution: Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla 92093-0175 Title: Leslie Orgel Papers Identifier/Call Number: MSS 0176 Physical Description: 32.8 Linear feet(79 archives boxes, 9 oversize folders, and 1 art bin item) Date (inclusive): 1949-2007 Abstract: Papers of Leslie Eleazer Orgel (1927-2007), chemist and molecular biologist. Orgel was a senior fellow and research professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he directed the Chemical Evolution Laboratory. The collection includes correspondence, writings, talks and lectures, research files, patents, administrative files, photographs, and audiovisual materials. Scope and Content of Collection Papers of chemist and molecular biologist Leslie Eleazer Orgel (1927-2007). Orgel was a senior fellow and research professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he directed the Chemical Evolution Laboratory. Orgel's research interests included nucleic acid chemistry, molecular evolution, prebiotic chemistry, and problems related to the origin of life. The collection includes correspondence, writings, talks and lectures, research files, patents, administrative files, photographs, and audiovisual materials. Accession Processed in 2006 Arranged in seven series: 1) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL, 2) CORRESPONDENCE, 3) WRITINGS, 4) CONTRACTS, GRANTS AND PROPOSALS, 5) CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS, 6) SUBJECT FILES, and 7) SALK INSTITUTE. Accession Processed in 2018 Arranged in eight series: 8) BIOGRAPHICAL 9) CORRESPONDENCE, 10) TALKS AND LECTURES, 11) WRITINGS, 12) PROJECTS AND RESEARCH, 13) ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMITTEES, 14) PHOTOGRAPHS, and 15) SOUND AND VIDEO RECORDINGS. Biography Leslie Eleazer Orgel was born in London, England, on January 12, 1927. He received his B.A. in chemistry with first class honors from the University of Oxford in 1949. In 1950 he was elected a fellow of Magdalen College and in 1951 was awarded his Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of Oxford. Orgel started his career as a theoretical inorganic chemist and continued his studies in this field at Oxford, the California Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago. In 1955 he joined the chemistry department at the University of Cambridge, where he did work in transition metal chemistry, published articles and wrote a textbook, Transition Metal Chemistry: Ligand Field Theory (1960). In 1964 Orgel was appointed senior fellow and research professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he directed the Chemical Evolution Laboratory. He was also an adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and was one of five principal investigators in the NASA-sponsored NSCORT program in exobiology. Orgel also participated in NASA's Viking Mars Lander Program as a member of the Molecular Analysis Team that designed the gas chromatography mass spectrometer instrument. Orgel wrote The Origins of Life: Molecules and Natural Selection (1970) and co-authored with Stanley Miller The Origins of Life on the Earth (1974). He published over three hundred articles in his research areas. In Britain he was awarded the Harrison Prize in 1956 for his work in inorganic chemistry and elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1962. In the United States he received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1971, the Evans Award from Ohio State University in 1975, and the H.C. Urey Medal from the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life in 1993. He was an elected member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Leslie Orgel died on October 27, 2007 in San Diego, California. Publication Rights Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection. Preferred Citation Leslie Orgel Papers, MSS 176. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego. Acquisition Information Acquired 1997, 2008.

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 2 Restrictions Original media formats are restricted; researchers may request listening or viewing copies in advance of their visit. Subjects and Indexing Terms Chemistry, Inorganic Molecular evolution Aging Valence (Theoretical chemistry) Life -- Origin Chemists -- Biography Ligand field theory Orgel, Leslie E. -- Archives Miller, Stanley Lloyd, 1930-2007 -- Correspondence Sagan, Carl, 1934-1996 -- Correspondence Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Chemical Evolution Laboratory Seleznev, S. A. -- Correspondence Arrhenius, Gustaf -- Correspondence Kornberg, Arthur, 1918-2007 -- Correspondence Holliday, R. (Robin), 1932-2014 -- Correspondence Gamow, George, 1904-1968 -- Correspondence Crick, Francis, 1916-2004 -- Correspondence Wigner, Eugene Paul, 1902-1995 -- Correspondence Salk Institute for Biological Studies -- Faculty

Accession Processed in 2006

BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL Scope and Content of Series Series 1) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL: Orgel's annotated wall calendars, newspaper clippings, and his application for naturalization as a U.S. citizen. Arranged alphabetically.

Oversize FB-208, Calendars 1982 - 1996 Folder 2-3 Box 1, Folder 1 Newspaper clippings 1967 - 1973 Box 1, Folder 2 United States Department of Justice. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Application for naturalization 1989

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 3 Accession Processed in 2006 CORRESPONDENCE

CORRESPONDENCE Scope and Content of Series Series 2) CORRESPONDENCE: Orgel's incoming and outgoing professional and personal correspondence. Arranged in four subseries: A) Outgoing Chronological Files, B) General, C) Scientific, and D) Personal. A) Outgoing Chronological Files: Copies of outgoing letters from 1964 to 1991. B) General: Correspondence associated with routine laboratory business: letters of inquiry regarding possible employment, correspondence with suppliers, requests for visits, and cordial correspondence. In most cases, the incoming letters are accompanied by outgoing replies. Arranged chronologically. C) Scientific: Correspondence with colleagues and other scientists regarding scientific and technical issues, arranged alphabetically by author. Prominent correspondents include Francis Crick, Robin Holliday, Jean-Michel Labouygues, Stanley Miller, Carl Sagan, S.A. Seleznev, and Eugene Wigner. Arranged alphabetically by surname or corporate name. D) Personal: Letters to and from friends and correspondence related to personal interests, travel plans and projects. Arranged chronologically.

Outgoing Chronological Files Box 1, Folder 3-6 Correspondence 1964 - 1965 Box 2, Folder 1-12 Correspondence 1966 - 1976 Box 3, Folder 1-11 Correspondence 1977 - 1983 Box 4, Folder 1-10 Correspondence 1983 - 1987 Box 5, Folder 1-8 Correspondence 1987 - 1991 Box 6, Folder 1 Correspondence 1991 General Box 6, Folder 2-7 Correspondence 1964 - 1989 Scientific Box 7, Folder 1 A - Miscellaneous Box 7, Folder 2 Altman, Sidney 1984 Box 7, Folder 3 American Institute of Biological Sciences 1973 - 1979 Box 7, Folder 4 American Journal of Human Genetics 1978 - 1980 General note David E. Comings, editor.

Box 7, Folder 5 American Scientist 1973 - 1979 Box 7, Folder 6 Arrhenius, Gustaf 1974 - 1984 Box 7, Folder 7 Associated Scientific Publishers 1973 General note F. Suater, Dept. managing director.

Box 7, Folder 8 Avracmides, George 1982 Box 7, Folder 9-10 B - Miscellaneous Box 7, Folder 11 Balasubramanian, R. 1983 Box 7, Folder 12 Baltscheffsky, Herrick 1977 - 1978 Box 7, Folder 13 Ben-Nun, Akiva 1971 - 1976 Box 7, Folder 14 Botkin, Daniel B. 1982 - 1983 Box 7, Folder 15 Brack, Andre 1977 - 1982 Box 7, Folder 16 British Broadcasting Corporation 1976 - 1980 Box 7, Folder 17 C - Miscellaneous Box 7, Folder 18 Carmell, L. 1974 Box 7, Folder 19 Comfort, Alex 1973 - 1978 Box 7, Folder 20 Crick, Francis H.C. 1965 - 1974 Box 7, Folder 21 D - Miscellaneous Box 7, Folder 22 Danielli, James F. 1974 - 1980 Box 7, Folder 23 Dickerson, Richard E. 1979 - 1981 Box 7, Folder 24 Dyson, Freeman 1981

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 4 Accession Processed in 2006 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 8, Folder 1 E - Miscellaneous Box 8, Folder 2 Eirich, F.R. 1984 Box 8, Folder 3 Encyclopedia of Ignorance (Miranda Weston-Smith) 1974 - 1979 Box 8, Folder 4 Eschenmoser, A. 1966 Box 8, Folder 5 F - Miscellaneous Box 8, Folder 6 Ferris, James P. 1969 - 1983 Box 8, Folder 7 G - Miscellaneous Box 8, Folder 8 Galas, David J. 1973 - 1980 Box 8, Folder 9 Gallant, Jonathan A. 1977 Box 8, Folder 10 Gould, Stephen Jay 1981 Box 8, Folder 11 Granada Television Limited (Jack Smith, executive producer) 1979 - 1980 Box 8, Folder 12 H - Miscellaneous Box 8, Folder 13 Hendry, Lawrence B. 1981 - 1983 Box 8, Folder 14 Holliday, Robin 1964 - 1978 General note See also Series 6: Aging.

Box 8, Folder 15 Horowitz, N.H. 1970 - 1984 Box 8, Folder 16 I - Miscellaneous Box 8, Folder 17 Idiot papers and comments 1964 - 1979 Box 8, Folder 18 International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) 1989 Box 8, Folder 19 J - Miscellaneous Box 8, Folder 20 K - Miscellaneous Box 8, Folder 21 Kendrew, John C. 1967 - 1975 Box 8, Folder 22 Khorana, Gobind H. 1969 - 1978 Box 9, Folder 1 Kornberg, Arthur 1968 - 1981 Box 9, Folder 2 L - Miscellaneous Box 9, Folder 3 Labouygues, Jean-Michel 1974 - 1982 Box 9, Folder 4 Lagerkvist, Ulf 1977 - 1979 Box 9, Folder 5 Lasser, David 1981 - 1982 General note Includes interview with Orgel.

Box 9, Folder 6 Leonard, Nelson 1988 - 1989 Box 9, Folder 7 M - Miscellaneous Box 9, Folder 8 Mandell, Arnold J. 1981 - 1982 Box 9, Folder 9 Michelson, A.M. 1967 - 1968 Box 9, Folder 10 Miles, Todd 1971 - 1983 Box 9, Folder 11 Miller, Stanley L. 1975 - 1983 Box 9, Folder 12 Monod, Jacques 1963 - 1973 Box 9, Folder 13 N - Miscellaneous Box 9, Folder 14 National Academy of Sciences 1990 Box 9, Folder 15 Nature (Elizabeth Hughes, publisher) 1981 Box 9, Folder 16 Neurologische Klinik der Universität 1974 - 1975 Box 9, Folder 17 Ninio, Jacques 1974 - 1981 Box 9, Folder 18 O - Miscellaneous Box 9, Folder 19 Oro, John 1965 - 1983 Box 9, Folder 20 P - Miscellaneous Box 9, Folder 21 Paecht-Horowitz, Mella 1972 Box 9, Folder 22 Peters, David 1981 Box 9, Folder 23 Phillips, William 1965 - 1966 Box 9, Folder 24 Pitha, Josef 1969 - 1974 Box 9, Folder 25 Ponnamperuma, Cyril 1965 - 1970 Box 9, Folder 26 R - Miscellaneous Box 9, Folder 27 Rabinowitz, Joseph M. 1969 - 1970 Box 9, Folder 28 Reese, Colin B. 1981 - 1984 Box 10, Folder 1 Robins, Roland K. 1968 - 1969

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 5 Accession Processed in 2006 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 10, Folder 2 The Royal Society 1970 - 1985 Box 10, Folder 3-4 S - Miscellaneous Box 10, Folder 5 Sagan, Carl 1973 - 1982 Box 10, Folder 6 Schwartz, Alan W. 1972 - 1981 Box 10, Folder 7 Seleznev, S.A. 1974 - 1975 Box 10, Folder 8 Sobell, Henry M. 1965 - 1982 Box 10, Folder 9 Stein, Gabriel 1965 - 1968 Box 10, Folder 10 Strehler, Bernard L. 1974 - 1981 Box 10, Folder 11 T - Miscellaneous Box 10, Folder 12 Thaxton, Charles B. 1981 - 1983 Box 10, Folder 13 Todd, John H. 1969 Box 10, Folder 14 Townes, Charles 1970 - 1972 Box 10, Folder 15 Trends in Biochemical Sciences 1975 - 1980 General note Joan Morgan, staff editor.

Box 10, Folder 16 Ts'o, Paul O.P. 1968 - 1976 Box 10, Folder 17 U - Miscellaneous Box 10, Folder 18 Usher, David A. 1975 - 1983 Box 10, Folder 19 V - Miscellaneous Box 10, Folder 20 Verheyden, Julien P.H. 1983 Box 10, Folder 21 W - Miscellaneous Box 10, Folder 22 Watson, J.D. 1980 Box 10, Folder 23 Wells, Robert D. 1982 - 1984 Box 10, Folder 24 Westheimer, Frank H. 1970 - 1984 Box 11, Folder 1 Wigner, Eugene P. 1963 - 1970 Box 11, Folder 2 Worth Publishers, Inc. 1973 Box 11, Folder 3 Y - Miscellaneous Box 11, Folder 4 Yates, F. Eugene 1980 Box 11, Folder 4 Z - Miscellaneous Box 11, Folder 6 Zubay, Geoffrey 1979 - 1981 Box 11, Folder 7 Unidentified correspondents Personal Box 11, Correspondence 1971 - 1992 Folder 8-12

WRITINGS Scope and Content of Series SERIES 3) WRITINGS. Organized in two subseries: A) Published, and B) Unpublished. A) Published: Drafts, manuscripts, correspondence, redacted referee reports, reprints, and figures of Orgel's published research articles, beginning with his numbered chronological list of publications. The subseries contains 259 of the 302 listed titles, including the draft and correspondence for his textbook An Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry: Ligand Field Theory (1960), the only representative from his work while in England. Also included are materials for his other two books, The Origins of Life: Molecules and Natural Selection (1973) and The Origins of Life on the Earth (1974), with Stanley L. Miller. Of particular interest are Orgel's files for two collaborative articles with Francis Crick, "Directed Panspermia" (#137) and "Selfish DNA: The Ultimate Parasite" (#186), which contain abundant correspondence. Arranged numerically by article number. B) Unpublished: Drafts and correspondence for titles that do not appear on Orgel's publications list, arranged alphabetically by title.

Published Box 11, Folder 13 List of publications 1951 - 1997

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 6 Accession Processed in 2006 WRITINGS

Box 11, Folder 14 61 - An Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry: Ligand Field Theory (1960) 1960 Box 11, Folder 15 87 - Induction of Mutations in Bacteriophage T4 with Divalent Manganese. With A. Orgel 1965 Box 11, Folder 16 89 - Reactions of Bromomalononitrile with Bases. With James P. Ferris 1965 Box 11, Folder 17 90 - Formation of Condensed Phosphate in Aqueous Solution. With A. Beck 1965 Box 12, Folder 1 91 - Aminomalononitrile and 4-Amino-5- Cyanomidazole in Hydrogen Cyanide Polymerization and Adenine Synthesis. With James P. Ferris 1965 Box 12, Folder 2 93 - Photochemical Synthesis of Condensed Phosphates. With A. Beck 1965 Box 12, Folder 3 94 - An Unusual Photochemical Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Adenine from Hydrogen Cyanide. With James P. Ferris 1966 Box 12, Folder 4 95 - Conditions for Purine Synthesis: Did Prebiotic Synthesis Occur at Low Temperatures? With R. Sanchez and J. Ferris 1966 General Includes photographs.

Box 12, Folder 5 96 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. I. Aminomalononitrile and 4-Amino-5-Cyanomiclazole. With James P. Ferris 1966 Box 12, Folder 6 97 - Cyanoacetylene in Prebiotic Synthesis. With R.A. Sanchez and J. Ferris 1966 Box 12, Folder 7 101 - Nucleoside Synthesis Under Potentially Prebiotic Conditions. With C. Reid 1967 Box 12, Folder 8 103 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. II. Synthesis of Purine Precursors and Amino Acids from Aqueous Hydrogen Cyanide. With Robert A. Sanchez and James P. Ferris 1967 Box 12, Folder 9 104 - The Non-Enzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyadenylate Oligonucleotides on a Polyuridylate Template. With H. Schneider-Bernloehr, et al 1968 Box 12, Folder 10 105 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. III. Synthesis of Pyrimidines from Cyanoacetylene and Cyanate. With James P. Ferris and Robert A. Sanchez 1968 Box 12, Folder 11 106 - Specificity of Oligonucleotide Synthesis Directed by Polyuridylic Acid. With J. Sulston and R. Lohrmann 1968 Box 12, Folder 12 107 - Prebiotic Synthesis: Phosphorylation in Aqueous Solution. With R. Lohrmann 1968 Box 12, Folder 13 108 - Template-Directed Synthesis with Adenosine-5'-Phosphorimidazolide. With B.J. Weimann, et al 1968 Box 12, Folder 14 109 - Non-Enzymic Synthesis of Deoxyadenulate Oligonucleotides on a Polyuridylate Template. With H. Schnieder-Bernloehr, et al 1968 Box 12, Folder 15 110 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. IV. The Conversion of 4-Aminoinidazole-5-Carbonitrile Derivatives to Purines. With Robert A. Sanchez and James P. Ferris 1968 Box 12, Folder 16 111 - Partial Resolution of DL-Adenosine by Template Synthesis. With Schneider-Bernloehr, et al 1968 Box 12, Folder 17 112 - Evolution of the Genetic Apparatus 1968 Box 12, Folder 18 114 - Non-Enzymic Oligonucleotide Synthesis on a Polytidylate Template. With J. Sulston, et al 1969 Box 12, Folder 19 115 - Phosphorylation of D-Ribose in Aqueous Solution. With M. Halmann and R.A. Sanchez 1969 Box 12, Folder 20 116 - Specificity of Template-Directed Synthesis with Adenosine Nucleosides. With H. Schneider-Bernloehr, et al 1970 Box 12, Folder 21 117 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. V. Synthesis and Photoanomerization of Pyrimidine Nucleosides. With Robert A. Sanchez 1970 Box 12, Folder 22 119 - In Vitro Selection of Qß Ribonucleic Acid Variants Resistant to Ethidium Bromide. With R. Saffhill, et al 1970 Box 12, Folder 23 120 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. VI. Synthesis of Propiolaldehyde and Nicotinamide. With Michael J. Dowler, et al 1970 Box 12, Folder 24 121 - The Maintenance of the Accuracy of Protein Synthesis and Its Relevance to Ageing: A Correction 1970

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 7 Accession Processed in 2006 WRITINGS

Box 12, Folder 25 122 - Template Catalysis of Acetyl Transfer Reactions. With Nancy M. Chung and R. Lohrmann 1971 Box 12, Folder 26 123 - Urea-Inorganic Phosphate Mixtures as Prebiotic Phosphorylating Agents. With R. Lohrmann 1971 Box 12, Folder 27 124 - The Mechanism of the Trimetaphosphate-Induced Peptide Synthesis. With Nancy M. Chung, et al 1971 Box 13, Folder 1 125 - Catalysts for the Polymerization of Adenosine Cyclic 2',3'-Phosphate on a Poly(U) Template. With M. Renz and R. Lohrmann 1971 Box 13, Folder 2 128 - Prebiotic Phosphorylation of Thymidine at 65° C in Simulated Desert Conditions. With M.J. Bishop and R. Lohrmann 1972 Box 13, Folder 3 129 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. VI. Synthesis of Purine Nucleosides. With William D. Fuller and Robert A. Sanchez 1972 Box 13, Folder 4 130 - Polyphosphate and Trimetaphosphate Formation Under Potentially Prebiotic Conditions. With Ragnar Osterberg 1972 Box 13, Folder 5 131 - Studies in Prebiotic Synthesis. VII. Solid-State Synthesis of Purine Nucleosides. With William D. Fuller and Robert A. Sanchez 1972 Box 13, Folder 6 132 - A Possible Step in the Origin of the Genetic Code 1972 Box 13, Folder 7-9 133 - The Origins of Life: Molecules and Natural Selection (1973) General Includes figures and photographs.

Box 13, Folder 10 134 - Struvite and Prebiotic Phosphorylation. With G.J. Handschuh 1973 Box 13, Folder 11 135 - An RNA that Multiplies Indefinitely with DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase: I. Selection from a Random Copolymer. With Christof K. Biebricher 1973 Box 13, Folder 12 136 - Further Studies of Urea-Catalyzed Phosphorylation Reactions. With R. Osterberg and R. Lohrmann 1973 Box 13, 137 - Directed Panspermia. With F.H.C. Crick 1973 Folder 13-14 Box 13, Folder 15 139 - Ageing of Clones of Mammalian Cells 1973 Box 14, Folder 1 140 - Prebiotic Activation Processes. With R. Lohrmann 1973 Box 14, Folder 2 141 - The Effect of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ on Urea-Catalyzed Phosphorylation Reactions. With G.J. Handschuh and R. Lohrmann 1973 Box 14, Folder 3 142 - Catalysts for the Self-Polymerization of Adenosine Cyclic 2',3'-Phosphate. With M.S. Verlander and R. Lohrmann 1973 Box 14, Folder 4 143 - Analysis of High Molecular Weight Material from the Polymerization of Adenosine Cyclic 2',3'-Phosphate. With M.S. Verlander 1974 Box 14, Folder 5 144 - The Origins of Life on the Earth (with Stanley L. Miller, 1974) Box 14, Folder 6 145 - On the Possible Role of Crystals in the Origins of Life. VII. The Adsorption and Polymerization of Phosphoramidates by Montmorillonite Clay. With F.G. Burton and R. Lohrmann 1974 Box 14, Folder 7 146 - Sedimentary Minerals Under Reducing Conditions 1974 Box 14, Folder 8 147 - Prebiotic Chemistry and Nucleic Acid Replication. With R. Lohrmann 1974 Box 14, Folder 9 149 - Poly(U)-Directed Transamidation Between Adenosine 5'-Phophorimidazolide and 5'-Phosphoadenosine 2'(3')-Glycine Ester. With Jaewon L. Shim and Rolf Lohrmann 1974 Box 14, Folder 10 150 - Oligonucleotide Synthesis Catalyzed by the Zn 2+ Ion. With Hiroaki Sawai 1975 Box 14, Folder 11 151 - Prebiotic Peptide-Formation in the Solid State. I. Reactions of Benzoate Ion and Glycine with Adenosine 5'-Phosphorimidazolide. With R. Lohrmann, et al 1975 Box 14, Folder 12 152 - Triple Helices Formed by Polyuridylic Acid With Some Adenosine Derivatives. With J.L. Shim and R. Lohrmann 1975 Box 14, Folder 13 153 - Prebiotic Peptide-Formation in the Solid State. II. Reaction of Glycine with Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate and P 1,P 2-Diadenosine-Pyrophosphate. With H. Sawai and R. Lohrmann 1975 Box 14, Folder 14 154 - Prebiotic Peptide-Formation in the Solid State. III. Condensation Reactions of Glycine in Solid State Mixtures Containing Inorganic Polyphosphates. With H. Sawai 1975

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 8 Accession Processed in 2006 WRITINGS

Box 14, Folder 15 155 - ß-Structure of Alternating Polypeptides and Their Possible Prebiotic Significance. With André Brack 1975 Box 14, Folder 16 156 - Prebiotic Polynucleotides and Polypeptides 1975 Box 14, Folder 17 158 - N,N-Carbonyldiimidazole-Induced Peptide Formation in Aqueous Solution. With K.W. Ehler 1976 Box 14, Folder 18 159 - Polymerization of Nucleotide Analogues. I. Reaction of Nucleoside 5'-Phosphorimidazolides with 2'-Amino-2'-Dexoyuridine. With R. Lohrmann 1976 Box 14, Folder 19 160 - Template-Directed Synthesis of High Molecular-Weight Polynucleotide Analogues. With R. Lohrmann 1976 Box 14, Folder 20 161 - Triple Helices Formed by Polyuridylic Acid with Some Amino Deoxyadenosine Derivatives. With Don E. Gibbs 1976 Box 14, Folder 21 162 - Search for Organic and Volatile Inorganic Compounds in Two Surface Samples from the Chryse Planitia of Mars 1976 Box 14, Folder 22 163 - N,N-Carbonyldiimidazole-Induced Deketopiperazine Formation in Aqueous Solution in the Presence of Adenosine-5'-Monophosphate. With A. Brack and K.W. Ehler 1976 Box 14, Folder 23 164 - Some 5'-Azido and 5'-Amino-2'-Deoxyribonucleosides, Their 3'-Phosphates, and Their 3"-Phosphoimidazolides. With Don E. Gibbs 1976 Box 14, Folder 24 165 - Reactions of Polyfunctional Amino Acids with N',N'-Carbonyldiimidazole in Aqueous Solution - Oligopeptide Formation. With K.W. Ehler and E. Girard 1977 Box 15, Folder 1 166 - ß-Turns and the Evolution of Protein Synthesis 1977 Box 15, Folder 2 167 - Reactions of Adenosine 5'-Phosphorimidazolide with Adenosine Analogues on a Polyuridylic Acid Template: The Uniqueness of the ß-Riboside. With R. Lohrmann 1977 Box 15, Folder 3 168 - Template-Directed Reactions of Aminonucleosides. With R. Lohrmann 1977 Box 15, Folder 4 169 - Gene-Duplication and the Origin of Proteins with Novel Functions 1977 Box 15, Folder 5 170 - The Search for Organic Substances and Inorganic Volatile Compounds in the Surface of Mars. With K. Biemann, et al 1977 Box 15, Folder 6 171 - Template-Directed Polynucleotide Condensation as a Model for RNA Replication. With R. Lohrmann 1978 Box 15, Folder 7 172 - Preferential Formation of (2'-5')-Linked Internucleotide Bonds in Non-Enzymatic Reactions. With R. Lohrmann 1978 Box 15, Folder 8 173 - Formation of P 1,P 2-Dinucleoside 5'-Pyrophosphates Under Potentially Prebiological Conditions. With R. Lohrmann 1978 Box 15, Folder 9 174 - Amino Acid Activation with Adenosine 5'-Phosphorimidazole. With A.L. Weber 1978 Box 15, Folder 10 175 - Phosphorylation of Nucleosides in Aqueous Solution Using Trimetaphosphate: Formation of Nucleoside Triphosphate. With Elisabeth Etaix 1978 Box 15, Folder 11 176 - Formation of the Imidazolides of Dinucleotides Under Potentially Prebiotic Conditions. With H.L. Sleeper and R. Lohrmann 1978 Box 15, Folder 12 177 - The Formation of Peptides from the 2'(3')-Glycyl Ester of a Nucleotide. With Arthur L. Weber 1978 Box 15, Folder 13 178 - Heteropolynucleotides as Templates for Non-Enzymatic Polymerizations. With J. Ninio 1978 General note A prior version titled "Template-Directed Condensation in Oligoadenylic Acids" is located in Series 3B.

Box 15, Folder 14 179 - Studies of Oligoadenylate Formation on a Poly(U) Template. With R. Lohrmann 1979 Box 15, Folder 15 180 - The Catalysis of Nucleotide Polymerization by Compounds of Divalent Lead. With H.L. Sleeper 1979 Box 15, Folder 16 181 - Selection in vitro 1979 Box 15, Folder 17 182 - The Formation of Dipeptides from Amino Acids and the 2'(3')-Glycyl Ester of an Adenylate. With Arthur L. Weber 1979

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 9 Accession Processed in 2006 WRITINGS

Box 15, Folder 18 183 - The Formation of Peptides from Glycine Thioesters. With Arthur L. Weber 1979 Box 15, Folder 19 184 - Template-Directed Synthesis of Oligoadenylates Catalyzed by Pb 2+ Ions. With H.L. Sleeper and R. Lohrmann 1979 Box 15, Folder 20 185 - Self-Condensation of Activated Dinucleotides on Polynucleotide Templates with Alternating Sequences. With R. Lohrmann 1979 Box 16, Folder 1-3 186 - Selfish DNA: The Ultimate Parasite. With F.H.C. Crick 1980 Box 16, Folder 4 188 - Efficient Metal-Ion Catalyzed Template-Directed Oligonucleotide Synthesis. With R. Lohrmann 1980 Box 16, Folder 5 189 - Template-Directed Synthesis and Selective Adsorption of Oligoadenylates on Hydroxyapatite. With D. Gibbs and R. Lohrmann 1980 Box 16, Folder 6 190 - Poly(U)-Directed Peptide-Bond Formation from the 2'(3')-Glycyl Ester of Adenosine Derivatives. With Arthur L. Weber 1980 Box 16, Folder 7 191 - Efficient Catalysis of Poly(C)-Directed Oligoguanylate Formation by Pb 2+. With R. Lohrmann 1980 Box 16, Folder 8 192 - Catalysis of Accurate Poly(C)-Directed Synthesis of 3'-5'-Linked Oligoguanylates by Zn 2+. With P.K. Bridson 1980 Box 16, Folder 9 193 - Template-Directed Synthesis of Oligoguanylic Acids - Metal Ion Catalysis. With P.K. Bridson, et al 1981 Box 16, Folder 10 194 - Template-Directed Synthesis of Oligoguanylates in the Presence of Metal Ions. With J.H.G. van Roode 1980 Box 16, Folder 11 196 - The Effect of Poly(C) on the Formation of Peptide Bonds from the 2'(3')-Gycyl Ester of a Guanosine Nucleotide. With Arthur L. Weber 1981 Box 16, Folder 12 197 - The Synthesis of Oligoguanylates on Oligocytidylate Templates. With H. Fakhrai and J.H.G. van Roode 1981 Box 16, Folder 13 198 - Condensation of Activated Diguanylates on a Poly(C) Template. With R. Lohrmann and P.K. Bridson 1981 Box 16, Folder 14 199 - Substituent Control of the Poly(C)-Directed Oligomerization of Guanosine 5'-Phosphoroimidazolide. With Tan Inoue 1981 Box 16, Folder 15 200 - Template Directed Reactions of 2-Aminoadenylic Acid Derivatives. With Thomas R. Webb 1982 Box 16, Folder 16 201 - Oligomerization of (Guanosine 5'-Phosphor)-2-Methylimidazolide on Poly(C): An RNA Polymerase Model. With T. Inoue 1982 Box 16, Folder 17 202 - Darwinism At the Very Beginning of Life 1982 Box 16, Folder 18 203 - A Non-Enzymatic RNA Polymerase Model 1983 Box 16, Folder 19 204 - The Origin of Life and the Evolution of Macromolecules 1983 Box 17, Folder 1 205 - Derivation of Unprotected Polynucleotides. With Barbara C.F. Chu and Geoffrey M. Wahl 1983 Box 17, Folder 2 206 - Temperature-Dependence of the Template-Directed Synthesis of Oligoguanylates. With Habib Fakhrai and Tan Inoue 1984 Box 17, Folder 3 207 - Preparation of Ligation Intermediates and Related Polynucleotide Pyrophosphates. With Barbara C.F. Chu 1984 Box 17, Folder 4 208 - Non-Enzymatic Template-Directed Synthesis on RNA Random Copolymers. I. Poly(CU) Templates. With G.F. Joyce and T. Inoue 1984 Box 17, Folder 5 209 - Chiral Selection in Poly(C)-Directed Synthesis of Oligo(G). With G.F. Joyce, et al 1984 Box 17, Folder 6 210 - Template-Directed Synthesis on the Pentanucleotide CpCpGpCpC. With T. Inoue, et al 1984 Box 17, Folder 7 211 - Template-Directed Synthesis with 2-Aminoadenosine. With Kazimierz Grzeskowiak and Thomas R. Webb 1984 Box 17, Folder 8 212 - Non-Enzymatic Sequence-Specific Cleavage of Single-Stranded DNA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Adduct/Oligodeoxynucleotide/Hybridization). With Barbara C.F. Chu 1985 Box 17, Folder 9 213 - Oligomerization of Activated Derivatives of 3'-Amino-3'-Deoxyguanosine on Poly(C) and Poly(dC) Templates. With Wojciech S. Zielinski 1985 Box 17, Folder 10 214 - Template-Directed Synthesis of Oligodeoxycytidylate and Polydeoxycytidylate Templates. With C.B. Chen and T. Inoue 1980

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 10 Accession Processed in 2006 WRITINGS

Box 17, Folder 11 215 - Template-Directed Synthesis of Novel, Nucleic Acid-Like Structures. With Alan W. Schwartz 1985 Box 17, Folder 12 217 - Template-Directed Polynucleotide Synthesis on Mineral Surfaces. With Alan W. Schwartz 1985 General note Letter to the editor.

Box 17, Folder 13 218 - Detection of Specific DNA Sequences with Short Biotin-Labeled Probes. With Barbara C.F. Chu 1985 Box 18, Folder 1 220 - Template-Directed Synthesis on the Oligonucleotide d(C 7-G-C 7). With Tomasz Haertle 1986 Box 18, Folder 2 221 - Non-Enzymatic Template-Directed Synthesis on RNA Random Copolymers: Poly(C,G) Templates. With G.F. Joyce 1986 Box 18, Folder 3 222 - The Template Properties of Some Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing Cytidine and Guanosine. With Tomasz Haertle 1986 Box 18, Folder 4 223 - Template-Directed Oligonucleotide Ligation on Hydroxylapatite: An Analogue of Solid Phase Synthesis. with Oscar L. Acevedo 1986 Box 18, Folder 5 224 - Synthesis of an Amplifiable Reporter RNA for Bioassays. With Barbara C.F. Chu and Fred Russell Kramer 1986 Box 18, Folder 6 225 - Molecular Replication and the Origins of Life 1986 Box 18, Folder 7 226 - Template-Directed Synthesis on Short Oligoribocytidylates. With Kazimierz Grzeskowiak 1986 Box 18, Folder 8 227 - How Mistakes Are Made. Review of Accuracy in Molecular Processes: Its Control and Relevance in Living Systems (T.B.L. Kirkwood, R.F. Rosenberger and D.J. Galas, editors, 1986) 1986 Box 18, Folder 9 228 - Did Template-Directed Nucleation Precede Molecular Replication? 1986 Box 18, 229 - RNA Catalysis and the Origins of Life 1986 Folder 10-11 Box 18, Folder 12 230 - Oligoaminonucleoside Phosphoramidates. Oligomerization of Dimers of 3'-Amino-3'-Deoxynucleotides (GC and CG) in Aqueous Solution. With Wojciech S. Zielinski 1987 Box 18, Folder 13 231 - The Action of a Water-Soluble Carbodiimide on Adenosine-5'--Polyphosphates. With Kam-mui Eva Ng 1987 Box 19, Folder 1 232 - Autocatalytic Synthesis of a Tetranucleotide Analogue. With Wojciech S. Zielinski 1987 Box 19, Folder 2 233 - Oligomerization of 3'-Amino-3'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-Phosphorimidazolidate on a d(C pC pC pC pC) Template. With Mary Tohidi, et al Box 19, Folder 3 234 - The Case for an Ancestral Genetic System Involving Simple Analogues of the Nucleotides. With Gerald F. Joyce, et al 1987 Box 19, Folder 4 235 - Impressions of the LII Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, "The Evolution of Catalytic Function" 1987 Box 19, Folder 5 236 - Non-Enzymatic Transcription of an Oligodeoxynucleotide 14 Residues Long. With Oscar L. Acevedo 1987 Box 19, Folder 6 237 - Evolution of the Genetic Apparatus: A Review 1987 Box 19, Folder 7 238 - The Origin of Self-Replicating Molecules 1987 Box 19, Folder 8 239 - Template-Directed Oligomerization of 3-Isoadenosine 5'-Phosphate. With Aubrey R. Hill, et al 1988 Box 19, Folder 9 240 - Ligation of Oligonucleotides to Nucleic Acids or Proteins via Disulfide Bonds. With Barbara C.F. Chu 1988 Box 19, Folder 10 241 - Non-Enzymatic Template-Directed Synthesis on RNA Random Copolymers: Poly(C,A) Templates. With G.F. Joyce 1988 Box 19, Folder 11 242 - Cyclization of Nucleotide Analogues as an Obstacle to Polymerization. With Aubrey R. Hill, Jr., et al 1989 General note Letter to the editor.

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 11 Accession Processed in 2006 WRITINGS

Box 19, Folder 12 243 - Some Acyclic Analogues of Nucleotides and Their Template-Directed Reactions. With Mahrokh Tohidi 1989 Box 19, Folder 13 245 - Reaction on Alternating GC Oligonucleotide Templates. With K-m. E. Ng 1989 Box 19, Folder 14 246 - Replacement of the 3'-CH Group by Nitrogen in the Carbocylic Analogue of Thymidine. With Kam-mui Eva Ng 1989 Box 19, Folder 15 247 - Was RNA the First Genetic Polymer? 1989 Box 20, Folder 1 248 - Template Properties of Tetranucleoside Triphosphoramidates Having Cytosine-Guanosine Residues. With Wojciech S. Zielinski 1989 Box 20, Folder 2 249 - Polymerization of a Monomeric Guanosine Derivative in a Hydrogen-Bonded Aggregate 1989 Box 20, Folder 3 250 - The Origin of Polynucleotide-Directed Protein Synthesis 1989 Box 20, Folder 4 251 - Polymerization of the Cyclic Pyrophosphates on Nucleosides and Their Analogues. With Mahrokh Tohidi 1990 Box 20, Folder 5 251A - Nucleic Acids: Adding to the Genetic Alphabet 1990 Box 20, Folder 6 252 - A Simple Procedure for Cross-Linking Complementary Oligonucleotides. With B.C.F. Chu 1990 Box 20, Folder 7 253 - Polymerization of Amino Acids Containing Nucleotide Bases. With Azzouz Ben Cheikh 1990 Box 20, Folder 8 255 - Blunt-End and Single-Strand Ligation by Escherichia coli Ligase: Influence on an In Vitro Amplification Scheme. With Kevin J. Barringer, et al 1990 Box 20, Folder 9 257 - Synthesis of 5'-Deoxy-5'-Nucleosideacetic Acid Derivatives. With Kazuo Harada 1990 Box 20, Folder 10 258 - Pyrophosphate-Formation As the Most Efficient Condensation Reaction of Activated Nucleotides. With Libaniel Rodriguez 1991 Box 20, Folder 11 259 - Disulfide-Linked Oligonucleotide Phosphorothioates: Novel Analogues of Nucleic Acids. With Taifeng Wu 1991 Box 20, Folder 12 260 - Acceleration of the Template-Directed Reactions of Nucleoside 5'-Phosphorimidazolides by Acylation. With Libaniel Rodriguez 1991 Box 20, Folder 13 261 - The Cyclization of Arabinosyladenine-5'-Phosphorimidazolide. With Kazuo Harada 1991 Box 20, Folder 14 262 - Which 3-Ribofuranosyl-Substituted Purine 5'-Phosphates Undergo Template-Directed Oligomerization? With Aubrey R. Hill, Jr., et al 1991 Box 20, Folder 15 263 - Template-Directed Extension of a Guanosine 5'-Phosphate Covalently Attached to an Oligodeoxycytidylate Template. With Libaniel Rodriguez 1991 Box 20, Folder 16 264 - Photooxidation of Oligodeoxynucleotides by UO 2 2+. With Aubrey R. Hill, Jr. 1991 Box 21, Folder 1 265 - An Efficient Sequence-Specific Method for Crosslinking Complementary Oligonucleotides Using Binuclear Platinum Complexes. With Eric S. Gruff 1991 Unpublished Box 21, Folder 2 Existence of Self-Reproducing Units 1964 - 1965 Box 21, Folder 3 Oligomerization of Dimers of 3'-Amino-3'-Deoxynucleotides Having Complementary AC and GU Sequences. With Wojciech S. Zielinski 1988 Box 21, Folder 4 Poly(dC) as a Template for Non-Enzymatic Oligo(G) Synthesis. With Tan Inoue Box 21, Folder 5 Polymerization of a Monomeric Guanosine Derivative in a Hydrogen Bonded Aggregate. With Wojciech S. Zielinski 1988 Box 21, Folder 6-7 Template-Directed Condensation of Oligoadenylic Acids. With Jacques Ninio 1976 - 1977 General note The published version of this paper is located in Series 3A: 178 - Heteropolynucleotides as Templates for Non-Enzymatic Polymerizations.

Box 21, Folder 8 Thermal Synthesis of Oligourdylates at Moderate Temperatures. With Ragnar Osterberg and Rolf Lohrmann

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 12 Accession Processed in 2006 CONTRACTS, GRANTS AND PROPOSALS

CONTRACTS, GRANTS AND PROPOSALS Scope and Content of Series SERIES 4) CONTRACTS, GRANTS AND PROPOSALS: Correspondence, proposals, contracts, figures, and budget information for Orgel's research projects. Arranged by sponsoring agency in four subseries: A) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), B) National Institutes of Health (NIH), C) National Science Foundation (NSF), and D) U.S. Army. A) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Includes materials on the photochemical generation of prebiotic condensing agents, molecular analysis for the 1975 Viking Mars Lander missions, and RNA polymerase models. B) National Institutes of Health (NIH): Includes Orgel's research projects on the evolution of genetic specificity and nucleic acid analogs. C) National Science Foundation (NSF): Research projects in prebiotic chemistry, biochemical evolution, and template-directed synthesis. D) U.S. Army: A research proposal for sequence-specific inactivation of m-RNA.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Box 21, Photochemical Generation of Prebiotic Condensing Agents 1965 - 1969 Folder 9-10 Box 21, Models for the Generation of Prebiotic Condensing Agents 1970 - 1971 Folder 11-12 Box 21, Folder 13 Participation in the Science Planning for the Viking 1975 Missions in the Area of Molecular Analysis 1970 Box 22, Folder 1-2 Participation in the Science Planning for the Viking 1975 Missions in the Area of Molecular Analysis 1971 - 1980 Box 22, Models for the Generation of Prebiotic Condensing Agents 1972 - 1984 Folder 3-12 Box 22, Folder 13 RNA Polymerase Models 1982 Box 23, Folder 1-4 Models for the Generation of Prebiotic Condensing Agents 1985 - 1988 Box 23, Folder 5 Prebiotic Template-Directed Synthesis 1985 National Institutes of Health Box 23, Folder 6-7 Evolution of Genetic Specificity 1965 - 1968 Box 23, Folder 8 Nucleic Acid Analogs - Synthesis and Chemotherapy 1971 - 1974 Box 24, Folder 1-4 Evolution of Genetic Specificity 1975 - 1987 National Science Foundation Box 24, Folder 5-6 Study of Biochemical Evolution 1964 - 1969 Box 24, Folder 7 Prebiotic Activation of Amino Acids and Nucleotide Bases 1973 - 1978 Box 25, Folder 1 Prebiotic Formation of Peptide Bonds 1978 - 1979 Box 25, Folder 2 A Non-Classical System of Template-Directed Synthesis 1981 - 1983 Box 25, Folder 3-5 Template-Directed Synthesis with 3'-Amino 3'-Deoxynucleotides 1982 - 1989 United States Army Box 25, Folder 6 Sequence-Specific Inactivation of m-RNA 1985 - 1986

CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS Scope and Content of Series Series 5) CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS: Correspondence, programs, speaker lists, notes, and drafts of talks given by Orgel at scientific conferences, symposia, and seminars. Includes lists of meetings that Orgel attended. Arranged chronologically.

Box 25, Folder 7 Lists of meetings attended: 1975-1977, 1981-1985 Box 25, Folder 8 First Soviet American Conference on Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI). Armenian Academy of Sciences 1971 September 5-11 General note 1967 October 20: A series of "Telesnaps" photographs from a British Broadcasting Corporation program, numbered.

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 13 Accession Processed in 2006 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS

Box 25, Folder 9 Quatrième Conférence Internationale de la Physique Théorique à la Biologie. Paris 1973 May 28 General Includes correspondence in French.

Box 25, Folder 10 Some Aspects of Pre-Biotic Chemistry - Some Theories of Ageing (and the Evidence). Cornell University Special Lectures 1975 February 27-28 Box 25, Folder 11 Symposium on Nucleic Acid Replication. Montebello, Québec 1975 March 2-7 Box 25, Folder 12 Fourth Annual Workshop on the Biology of Aging - Perspectives in Theories of Biological. Scripps Institution of Oceanography 1975 March 23-25 Box 25, Folder 13 Polymerization and Polycondensation on Clays - Their Role in Abiotic Synthesis and the Origin of Life. Polytechnic Institute of New York 1975 May 23 Box 26, Folder 1-2 European Molecular Biology Organization workshop, Barcelona 1975 May 26-28 General note Contains letters by Carl Sagan (1/17/75) and Severo Ochoa (11/21/74).

Box 26, Folder 3 Viking Science Symposium on Earth and Mars - The Role of Life, Kennedy Space Center 1975 August 7-11 Box 26, Folder 4 Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucleotides and Polynucleotides, Ames Research Center 1975 August 13 Box 26, Folder 5 Chemistry Colloquium, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 1975 October 22 Box 26, Folder 6 Evans Lecture, Ohio State University Chemistry Department 1975 October 24 Box 26, Folder 7 Towards Self-Replicating Molecules. Texas A and M University, College of Agriculture 1975 October 28 Box 26, Folder 8 Robert A. Welch Foundation Conferences on Chemical Research. XIX: Photon Chemistry, Houston 1975 October 29-31 Box 26, Folder 9 Bio-Cultural Concepts of Man, Fullerton College 1975 November 19 Box 26, Folder 10 Discussion Colloquium on the Biology of Religion. Institute for Higher Studies, Santa Barbara 1975 December 3-4 Box 26, Folder 11 Gordon Research Conference on the Biology of Aging, Santa Barbara 1976 January 25-30 Box 26, Folder 12 Lectures on Chemical Evolution. Stanford University Medical Center 1976 February 6 Box 26, Folder 13 Science and Our Expectations - Bicentennial and Beyond. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Boston 1976 February 18-24 General note Contains letter by Carl Sagan (10/17/75).

Box 26, Folder 14 Viking Molecular Analysis Team. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena 1976 March 18-19 Box 26, Folder 15 Genetics Seminar, Salk Institute - Origin of Self-Replicating Material 1976 April 6 Box 26, Folder 16 Viking Project. Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Viking Flight Team Memorandum 1976 April 9-10 Box 26, Folder 17 Renaud Lectures. Michigan State University, Department of Biochemistry 1976 April 19-20 Box 26, Folder 18 Organization and Expression of the Eukaryotic Genome, Portsmouth, U.K. 1976 May 3-6 Box 26, Folder 19 Langley Colloquium Series, Hampton, Virginia 1976 June 28 Box 26, Folder 20 Present State of Viking Data. MIT Department of Chemistry 1977 January 10-12 Box 26, Folder 21 Institute for Higher Studies seminar - A Fifty Year View, Santa Barbara 1977 January 20-22 Box 26, Folder 22 United States Information Agency. Viking Science Tour, Paris 1977 March 3-4: Box 26, Folder 23 New Trends in Geriatric Care. UC San Diego School of Medicine 1977 March 14 Box 26, Folder 24 Molecules and Evolution. International Lectures on Human, Global and Universal Problems. University of Stockholm 1977 April 19-20

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 14 Accession Processed in 2006 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS

Box 26, Folder 25 Origin of Self-Replicating Molecules. California State University, Los Angeles 1977 March 29 Box 26, Folder 26 Origins of Life Festival. University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology 1977 May 16 Box 26, Folder 27 Viking Science Steering Group meeting, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1977 June 28-29 Box 26, Folder 28 Current Biological Problems - A School for Physical Scientists, Seattle 1977 July 15-16 Box 26, Folder 29 International Summer School on Genome Organization and Function, Spetsai, Greece 1977 August 21 - September 3 Box 26, Folder 30 Seminar - California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology 1977 October 17 Box 26, Folder 31 A Conversation About the Origins of Life. Friends of the International Center, UC San Diego 1977 November 8 Box 27, Folder 1 Seminar series, California State University, Long Beach, Department of Chemistry 1977 November 16 Box 27, Folder 2 Science seminar, San Diego City College, Department of Chemistry 1977 December 1 Box 27, Folder 3 Meeting of the Royal Society, London 1978 December 6-7 Box 27, Folder 4 Conference on Selforganization in Living Systems, Drubrovnik, Yugoslavia 1979 August 26-31 Box 27, Folder 5 The Evolution of Life - A Public Symposium, Toronto 1979 October 25-26 Box 27, Folder 6 Fifth Science Workshop on the Origins of Life, Los Angeles 1980 January 17-18 Box 27, Folder 7 American Institute of Biological Sciences. Planetary Biology Advisory Panel, Arlington, Virginia 1980 February 4-5 Box 27, Folder 8 Prebiotic Chemistry - Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Self-Replication, UC Los Angeles 1980 April 18 Box 27, Folder 9 Science Workshops on the Origins of Life, Rockefeller University, New York 1980 April 24-25 Box 27, Folder 10 Monsanto Company Technical Management Conference - New Technology Horizons, St. Louis 1980 May 20-21 Box 27, Folder 11 Workshop on Molecular Evolution and Function of Three Dimensional Structure in Nucleic Acids and Proteins, University of Stockholm 1980 June 16-17 Box 27, Folder 12 International Society for the Study of the Origins of Life Conference, Jerusalem 1980 June 23-27 Box 27, Folder 13 Pomona College Dreyfus Seminar Series, Claremont 1980 September 25 Box 27, Folder 14 Seminar, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1980 September 30 Box 27, Folder 15 Caltech Centennial Symposium - The Chemical Bond Structure and Dynamics, Pasadena 1981 February 28 Box 27, Folder 16 Towards an RNA Polymerase Model, UC Los Angeles School of Medicine 1981 March 4 Box 27, Folder 17 Contemporary Issues Undergraduate Seminar. Origins of Life in the Ocean? UC San Diego 1981 March 31 Box 27, Folder 18 Genome Evolution and Phenotype Variation. University of Cambridge Genome Meeting 1981 June 22-24 Box 27, Folder 19 Dalhousie Symposium on the Evolution of the Eukaryotic Genome and Its Components, Halifax 1981 July 12-15 Box 27, Folder 20 Organizing and planning meeting for Workshops on Exobiology in the Exploration of the Solar System, Ames Research Center 1981 August 3-4 Box 27, Folder 21 European Molecular Biology Organization Workshop on Accuracy, Grignon, France 1981 September 1-6 Box 27, Folder 22 Max Planck Institute, Göttingen 1981 September 6-9 Box 27, Folder 23 California Catalysis Society fall meeting, La Jolla 1981 October 24-25 Box 27, Folder 24 Committee on Planetary Biology and Chemical Evolution - Space Science Board, Washington, D.C. 1981 December 7-8 Box 27, Folder 25 Workshop on Exobiology in Solar System Exploration, Ames Research Center 1981 December 9-11 Box 27, Folder 26 City of Hope Research Institute seminar, Duarte, California 1982 February 2 Box 27, Folder 27 Gordon Conference on Metals in Biology, Ventura 1982 February 8-12

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 15 Accession Processed in 2006 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS

Box 27, Folder 28 Biophysical/Physical Chemistry seminar. UC Berkeley Chemistry Department 1982 March 16 Box 27, Folder 29 Life Sciences Advisory Committee meeting. Exobiology Program review, Ames Research Center 1982 March 20 Box 27, Folder 30 Space Science Board. Committee on Planetary Biology and Chemical Evolution, Santa Barbara 1982 March 25-28 Box 27, Folder 31 Exobiology Program review, NASA Life Sciences Advisory Committee, Ames Research Center 1982 April 12 Box 27, Folder 32 Origin and Evolution of Life. Tufts University, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston 1982 April 28 Box 27, Folder 33 Committee on Space Science Research, 24th plenary meeting - Chemical Evolution and the Origins of Life, Ottawa 1982 May 17-June 3 Box 28, Folder 1 Darwin Centenary Conference. Cambridge, UK 1982 June 27-July 2 Box 28, Folder 2 Gordon Conference on the Origin of Life, New London, NH 1982 July 19-23 Box 28, Folder 3 First Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life, Ames Research Center 1982 August 2-4 Box 28, Folder 4 The Past, Present and Future of Genetics. Brno, Czechoslovakia 1982 August 26-September 1 Box 28, Folder 5 Nobel Symposium on Inorganic Biochemistry, Sweden 1982 September 5-10 Box 28, Folder 6 U.S.-Japan Cooperative Seminar on Pathogenic Mechanisms in Werner's Syndrome and Their Role in Human Aging, Kobe 1982 December 10-12 Box 28, Folder 7 Gerontology Research Center Seminar. A Non-Enzymatic RNA Polymerase Model, Baltimore 1983 February 22 Box 28, Folder 8 Space Science Board, Committee on Planetary Biology, Washington, D.C. 1983 February 23-25 Box 28, Folder 9 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Science and Engineering - Toward a National Renaissance, Detroit 1983 May 26-31 Box 28, Folder 10 7th International Conference on the Origins of Life and 4th Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life, Mainz, Germany 1983 July 10-15 Box 28, Folder 11 Third Workshop on Exobiology in Solar System Exploration, Ames Research Center 1983 August 25-26 Box 28, Folder 12 Conference on Biomaterials, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA 1983 September 19-20 Box 28, Folder 13 Attempts to Imitate RNA Polymerase, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 1983 October 14 Box 28, Folder 14 Attempts to Develop a Nonenzymatic RNA Polymerase. California State University, Los Angeles 1983 October 18 Box 28, Folder 15 Pacific Conference on Chemistry and Spectroscopy. Origin of Life Symposium, Pasadena 1983 October 26-28 Box 28, Folder 16 Organization, Replication and Evolution of Early Macromolecules, Orléans, France 1985 February 7 Box 28, Folder 17 Chemische Gesellschaft Zürich 1985 February 13 Box 28, Folder 18 City of Hope, Duarte, CA 1985 April 12 Box 28, Folder 19 Primary Structure Conformation and Evolution of Nucleic Acids and Proteins. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome 1985 May 2-4 General Includes photograph of Giorgio Bernardi.

Box 28, Folder 20 Fourth Conversation in the Discipline - Biomolecular Stereodynamics. State University of New York at Albany 1985 June 4-8 Box 28, Folder 21 2nd Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life, Ames Research Center 1985 July 23-26 Box 28, Folder 22 Niels Bohr Centenary Symposium, Copenhagen 1985 October 4-7 Box 28, Folder 23 Symposium on the Origin of Life, Caltech, Pasadena 1985 October 14-15 General note Contains photograph of birthday cake, "70 Happy Birthday Norm 70."

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 16 Accession Processed in 2006 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS

Box 28, Folder 24 Seminar program. University of California, Davis, Department of Zoology 1985 November 12 Box 28, Folder 25 Annual meeting of the Gerontology Society of America, New Orleans 1985 November 22-26 Box 28, Folder 26 Bureau of Biological Research 50th Anniversary Symposium - A Molecular View of Evolution. Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 1986 May 15 Box 28, Folder 27 22nd Winter Seminar on Molecules, Information and Memory, Klosters, Switzerland 1987 January 18-30 Box 28, Folder 28 Biochemistry Department lecture series. University of California, Berkeley 1987 February 17 Box 28, Folder 29 Western Winter Workshop on the Evolution of Genes and Genomes, Lake Tahoe 1987 March 4-7 Box 28, Folder 30 General Biology Seminar. California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology 1987 April 28 Box 28, Folder 31 Significance of Chemical Templates in Studies on the Origin of Life. University of Toledo 1987 May 4 Box 28, Folder 32 Evolution of Catalytic Function, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1987 May 27-June 3 General note Includes correspondence from James Watson.

Box 29, Folder 1 Symposium on the Bioorganic Chemistry of Enzymes and Nucleic Acids, Bellingham, WA 1987 June 18-19 Box 29, Folder 2 Space Life Sciences Symposium. Three Decades of Life Science Research in Space, Washington, D.C. 1987 June 21-26 Box 29, Folder 3 Gordon Conference on the Origins of Life, Concord, NH 1987 August 17-21 Box 29, Folder 4 Artificial Life - an Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, Los Alamos 1987 September 21-25 Box 29, Folder 5 The Frontiers of Tomorrow in Biology, Hyderabad 1987 November 19-26 Box 29, Folder 6 Gunter Sachs postdoctoral winter symposium. Genes and Development, La Jolla 1988 January 14-15 Box 29, Folder 7 American Academy of Sciences annual meeting, Boston 1988 February 12-14 Box 29, Folder 8 Royal Netherlands Chemical Society. Biennial symposium of the Organic Division, Wageningen 1988 April 14-15 Box 29, Folder 9 9th Annual D.G. Davis Memorial Lecture. Molecular Replication and the Origin of Life, University of New Orleans 1988 April 22 Box 29, Folder 10 Gordon Conference on Enzymes, Coenzymes and Metabolic Pathways, Meriden, NH 1988 July 4-8 Box 29, Folder 11 International Summer School on Organization and Function of the Eukaryotic Genome, Spetsai, Greece 1988 September 1-10 Box 29, Folder 12 196th American Chemical Society Meeting and Exposition, Los Angeles 1988 September 25-30 Box 29, Folder 13 Template-Directed Synthesis of Oligonucleotides. UC Santa Cruz 1988 October 24 Box 29, Folder 14 Applied Molecular Evolution and the Maturation of the Immune Response, Santa Fe 1989 March 27-31 Box 29, Folder 15 Ida Bean Visiting Professor Lecture Series. University of Iowa 1989 April 16-19 Box 29, Folder 16 Storer Life Sciences Symposium - Evolution of the Biosphere, UC Davis 1989 May 8-11 Box 29, Folder 17 Cold Spring Harbor RNA Processing meeting 1989 May 17-21 Box 29, Folder 18 6th International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life meeting and 9th International Conference on the Ninth International Conference on the Origin of Life, Prague 1989 July 3-8 Box 29, Folder 19 25th Winter Seminar on Molecules, Information and Memory, Klosters, Switzerland 1990 January 21-26 Box 29, Folder 20 Frontiers in Biomedical Research, Rancho Mirage, CA 1990 February 4-8 Box 29, Folder 21 Lecture Series on Frontiers in Chemistry. Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla 1990 February 9 Box 29, Folder 22 Juan March Foundation Lectures on Molecular Biology, Madrid 1990 March 5

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 17 Accession Processed in 2006 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS

Box 29, Folder 23 Biology Department seminar, Yale University 1990 March 28 Box 29, Folder 24 Molecular Biology and the Origin of Life Symposium, Institute for Advanced Studies in Biology, Berkeley 1990 July 15-18 Box 29, Folder 25 4th Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life, Ames Research Center 1990 July 24-27 Box 30, Folder 1 Catalytic RNA as an Anti-HIV Agent. Design and Delivery to Cells, San Diego 1990 October 21-24 Box 30, Folder 2 Structural Biology seminar. UC Berkeley Chemistry Department 1990 November 19 Box 30, Folder 3 Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Taos 1991 February 2-8 Box 30, Folder 4 Tribute to Linus Pauling on his 90th Birthday, Caltech 1991 February 28 Box 30, Folder 5 Evolution, Göttingen 1991 April 22 Box 30, Folder 6 Bruno Zimm Symposium. UC San Diego 1991 May 18 Box 30, Folder 7 American Chemical Society, San Diego Section 1991 May 29

SUBJECT FILES Scope and Content of Series Series 6) SUBJECT FILES: Correspondence, grants, and proposals related to Orgel's and the Salk Institute's research on aging, including a proposed book on aging by Orgel and Robin Holliday; biographical information on Leslie Orgel, Carl Sagan, and John Griffith Stanley; photographs of Mars taken by the Viking Landers; and a sound recording on RNA sequencing. The series also includes correspondence and a table of contents for a proposed book about the RNA Tie Club, a 1950s society of researchers dedicated to understanding the genetic code. Original media is restricted; researchers may request listening copies in advance of their visit.

Box 30, Folder 8-9 Aging - Book on aging General Includes chapter on clonal aging.

Box 30, Aging - Correspondence 1970 - 1981 Folder 10-14 Box 31, Folder 1-2 Aging - Correspondence 1973 - 1984 General Includes correspondence with publishers.

Box 31, Folder 3-5 Aging - Grants 1972 - 1983 General Includes grants applications to Fritz B. Burns Foundations, McConnell Clark Foundation, and the National Institute of Health.

Box 31, Folder 6-7 Aging - Salk Institute research programs, symposia and workshops 1973 - 1974 Box 31, Folder 8 Biebricher, Christof 1972 - 1976 Box 31, Folder 9 Griffith, John Stanley - Correspondence regarding his candidacy for the Royal Society 1969 Box 31, Folder 10 Mars - Photographs from Viking 1 and 2 Landers 1976 Box 31, Folder 11 Mulliken, Robert S. 1978 - 1985 Box 31, Folder 12 RNA sequencing - Reel-to-reel audio recording Conditions Governing Access Restrictions Apply

Box 31, Folder 13 RNA Tie Club - Book materials 1953 - 1981 General note Includes correspondence (1953-1962) from George Gamow to James Watson and Alexander Rich. Also includes a detailed table of contents for proposed book.

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 18 Accession Processed in 2006 SUBJECT FILES

Box 31, Folder 14 Sagan, Carl 1991 General Correspondence regarding Sagan's nomination to the National Academy of Sciences.

Box 32, Folder 1 University of California, San Diego - Chemistry Department 1964 - 1980 General Correspondence and biographical materials regarding Orgel's academic appointment at UC San Diego.

SALK INSTITUTE Scope and Content of Series Series 7) SALK INSTITUTE. Files documenting Orgel's association and interaction with the Salk Institute, arranged in six subseries: A) Chemical Evolution Laboratory, B) Faculty, C) Fellows, D) General, E) Salk Memoranda, and F) Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates. A) Chemical Evolution Laboratory: Annual scientific reports of the Chemical Evolution Laboratory, 1975-1980. B) Faculty: Minutes of faculty meetings and senior resident faculty meetings, 1976– 1986. C) Fellows: Annual reports, correspondence, and meeting minutes of the Fellows Committee, Operating Committee, and Space Committee, 1965–1977 D) General: Reports regarding laboratory and research activities, and staffing and publications, and information on the Sloan grant, 1970-1977. E) Salk Memoranda: Memoranda from Jacob Bronowski, Frederic De Hoffmann and Edwin Lennox, 1965–1982. F) Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates: Files related to the commercial development of biotechnology research by Orgel and his associates, 1981-1988.

Chemical Evolution Laboratory Box 32, Folder 2-4 Annual reports 1975 - 1980 Faculty Box 32, Folder 5 Faculty meetings 1984 - 1986 Box 32, Folder 6 Senior resident faculty meetings 1976 - 1982 Fellows Box 32, Folder 7-8 Annual Report of the Director to the Fellows of the Salk Institute 1971 - 1975 Box 32, Folder 9 Fellows Committee 1970 Box 32, Folder 10 Operating Committee - Meeting minutes 1970 Box 33, Folder 1 Resident Members of the Committee of Fellows - Meeting minutes 1965 Box 33, Folder 2 Space Committee 1977 General Box 33, Folder 3 Sloan Grant 1970 Box 33, Folder 4-5 Report of Laboratory and Research Activities 1975 - 1977 Box 33, Folder 6 Report on Laboratory Staffing and Publications 1976 Salk Memoranda Box 33, Folder 7 Bronowski, Jacob 1967 - 1974 Box 34, Folder 1-6 De Hoffmann, Frederic 1970 - 1982 Box 34, Folder 7 Lennox, Edwin L. 1965 - 1974 Box 34, Folder 8 Salk business 1965 - 1971 Box 35, Folder 1 Salk business 1972 - 1975 Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates Box 35, Folder 2 Consultant nonstatutory stock option agreement 1982 Box 35, Folder 3-8 Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. (SIBIA) 1981 - 1986 Box 36, Folder 1-2 Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. (SIBIA) 1987 - 1988 Box 36, Folder 3 Board of Trustees - Meeting minutes and by-laws 1964

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 19 Accession Processed in 2018 BIOGRAPHICAL

Accession Processed in 2018

BIOGRAPHICAL Scope and Content of Series Series 8) BIOGRAPHICAL: Biographical information for Leslie Orgel, including his appointment calendars, awards, interview transcripts and employment information for UC San Diego and the Salk Institute.

Box 37, Folder 1-5 Appointment calendars 1997-2007 Box 37, Folder 6-7 Bibliographies 1953-2006 General note Includes NASA, NIH, and NSF publications.

Box 37, Folder 8 Biographical information 1974-2006 Box 37, Folder 9 Curricula vitae 1985-2006 Oversize FB-208, Harrison Memorial Prize medal 1956 Folder 1 Oversize AB-11-B07 Harold C. Urey medal and plaque, International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) 1993 Box 37, Folder 10 Leslie Orgel and the Origin of Life. Orgel interviewed by Istvan Hargittai for The Chemical Intelligencer - Transcript and correspondence 1997-1999 Box 37, Folder 11 Leslie Orgel interviewed by Brent Johnson and Robert Bradford for CSU Fullerton Center for Oral History - Transcript 2004 May 18 Oversize FB-208, Mount Sinai School of Medicine medal Folder 1 Box 37, Folder 12 Orgel, Hassia Alice - Curricula vitae 1966 Oversize FB-208, Roussel Uclaf Tables Rondes medal. Comités scientifiques, dixième anniversaire Folder 1 1979 Box 38, Folder 1-3 Salk Institute - Employment and retirement 1964-1983 Box 38, Folder 4 UC San Diego - Adjunct professor 1985-2006 Box 38, Folder 5 UC San Diego - Leslie E. Orgel Distinguished Professorship in Inorganic Chemistry announcement 2006

CORRESPONDENCE Scope and Content of Series Series 9) CORRESPONDENCE: Incoming and outgoing correspondence, particularly with chemists and molecular biologists, and with publishers and editors of scientific journals. Correspondents include Gustaf Arrhenius, Francis Crick, Gerald F. Joyce, Anastassia Kanavarioti, Stanley L. Miller, Peter E. Nielsen, Alan W. Schwartz, and James D. Watson. Arranged alphabetically by surname or corporate name.

Box 38, Folder 6 A - Miscellaneous Box 38, Folder 7 Academic Press, Inc. 1964-1999 Box 38, Folder 8 Acevedo, Oscar L. 1984-1989 Box 38, Folder 9 Altman, Sidney 1985-2006 Box 38, Folder 10 Altstein, Anatoly D. 1989-1995 Box 38, Folder 11 American Chemical Society 1999-2005 Box 38, Folder 12 Anne, Agnès 1998 Box 38, Arrhenius, Gustaf 1987-2002 Folder 13-15 Box 39, Folder 1 Ashkenasy, Gonen 2004-2005 Box 39, Folder 2 Assa-Munt, Nuria 1982-1993 Box 39, Folder 3 Astrobiology 2002-2006 Box 39, Folder 4-5 B - Miscellaneous Box 39, Folder 6 Baasov, Timor 1999

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 20 Accession Processed in 2018 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 39, Folder 7 Bar-Nun, Akiva 1994-1995 Box 39, Folder 8 Bartel, David P. 1997-2001 Box 39, Folder 9 Beichman, Charles A. 2000-2001 Box 39, Folder 10 Benirschke, Kurt 1990-2000 Box 39, Folder 11 Benner, Steven A. 1990-1999 Box 39, Folder 12 Benzer, Seymour 1991-1998 Box 39, Folder 13 Bhargava, Pushpa Mittra 1987-1991 Box 39, Folder 14 Biebricher, Christof 1986-2000 Box 39, Folder 15 Biemann, Klaus 1999-2007 Box 39, Folder 16 Bioconjugate Chemistry 1994-2003 Box 39, Folder 17 Bioinorganic Chemistry 1969-1978 Box 39, Folder 18 BioScience Reports 1988-1989 Box 39, Folder 19 Blocher, Markus 1997 Box 39, Folder 20 Bor, Yeou-cherng 1995-2002 Box 39, Folder 21 Bowers, Norman 1996-1997 Box 39, Folder 22 Brack, André 1990-2001 Box 39, Folder 23 Bräse, Stefan 1994-1995 Box 39, Folder 24 Braterman, Paul S. 1993-1994 Box 39, Folder 25 Breaker, Ronald 1996-2001 Box 39, Folder 26 Bretscher, Mark S. 2004 Box 39, Folder 27 Bullard, Edward (Teddy) 1975 Box 39, Folder 28 Burckhalter, Joseph H. 1997 Box 39, Folder 29 Bushman, Frederic (Rick) 1992-2007 Box 39, Folder 30 C - Miscellaneous Box 39, Folder 31 Cambridge Philosophical Society 1996-2006 Box 39, Folder 32 Cambridge University Press 1993-2003 Box 39, Folder 33 Carney, Diane 1997-1998 Box 39, Folder 34 Cavalier-Smith, Thomas 1988 Box 39, Folder 35 Cech, Thomas R. 1982-1996 Box 40, Folder 1 Chalmers, John H. 2003 Box 40, Folder 2 Cheikh, Azzouz Ben 1987-1989 Box 40, Folder 3 Chemical and Engineering News 1999-2003 Box 40, Folder 4 Chemical Physics Letters 1971 Box 40, Folder 5 Chemical Weapons Convention 1996 Box 40, Folder 6 Chemistry and Biology 1993-2000 Box 40, Folder 7 Chen, Chi-Hong Betty 1982 Box 40, Folder 8 Chetverin, Alexander 1998 Box 40, Folder 9 Christian, Andreas 1989 Box 40, Folder 10 Claude, Hélène 1992 Box 40, Folder 11 Cleaves, Jim 2001 Box 40, Folder 12 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1994-2007 Box 40, Folder 13 Cook, Mariana 2003-2005 Box 40, Folder 14 Cornell Evolution Project 2003 Box 40, Folder 15 Cotton, F. Albert 2002 General note Includes photograph.

Box 40, Crick, Francis H.C. 1967-2004 Folder 16-17 Box 40, Folder 18 Current Biology 1994-2004 Box 40, Folder 19 D - Miscellaneous Box 40, Folder 20 Darwin Molecular Corporation 1993-1994 Box 40, Folder 21 Davies, Julian E. 1990-1996 Box 40, Folder 22 Deamer, David W. 1988-2002 Box 40, Folder 23 de Duve, Christian 1989-2003 Box 40, Folder 24 De Jonghe, Steven 1999-2000 Box 40, Folder 25 Demetrius, Lloyd 1987-1988 Box 40, Folder 26 Dickerson, Richard E. 1987-2004

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 21 Accession Processed in 2018 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 40, Folder 27 Diederichsen, Ulf 2003 Box 40, Folder 28 Doolittle, Russell F. 1987-1996 Box 41, Folder 1 Dunitz, Jack D. 1995-2003 Box 41, Folder 2 Duvernoy, Henri and Roger Guillemin 1967-2001 Box 41, Folder 3 Dyson, Freeman J. 1965-1999 Box 41, Folder 4 E - Miscellaneous Box 41, Folder 5 Eaton, William A. 1996 General note Includes group photograph.

Box 41, Folder 6 Eckstein, Fritz 1990-1993 Box 41, Folder 7 Eigen, Manfred and Ruthild Winkler-Oswatitsch 1985-1999 Box 41, Folder 8 Encyclopedia of Evolution 2000 Box 41, Folder 9 Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 1999 Box 41, Folder 10 Engeln, Henning 1995 Box 41, Folder 11 Ertem, Gözen 1990-2000 Box 41, Folder 12 Eschenmoser, Albert 1987-2007 Box 41, Folder 13 Etaix, Elizabeth 1993-1998 Box 41, Folder 14 F - Miscellaneous Box 41, Folder 15 Fakhari, Habib and Farideh Hooshmand 1977-1980 Box 41, Folder 16 Farrell, Nick 1992-1993 Box 41, Folder 17 Feigin, Alexander M. 1989 Box 41, Folder 18 Felsenfeld, Gary 1991-1993 Box 41, Folder 19 Ferreira, Ricardo 1991-2004 Box 41, Folder 20 Ferris, James P. 1990-2003 Box 41, Folder 21 Flitterman, Yafa 1996 General note Includes photograph of Francis Crick.

Box 41, Folder 22 Foster, Ted F. 1990-1991 Box 41, Folder 23 Fox, Sidney W. 1997-1998 Box 41, Folder 24 Fresco, Jacques R. 1988-1998 Box 42, Folder 1 G - Miscellaneous 1996 Box 42, Folder 2 Gajdusek, D. Carleton 1989 Box 42, Folder 3 Gailimov, Erik M. 2002-2005 Box 42, Folder 4 Gallant, John 1993 Box 42, Folder 5 Gao, Kui 1997-2003 Box 42, Folder 6 Gene Emergence Project 1998-1999 Box 42, Folder 7 Ghadiri, M. Reza 1990-2005 Box 42, Folder 8 Gillon, Jim 2001 Box 42, Folder 9 Gingeras, Thomas 1989 Box 42, Folder 10 Glanz, Delbert E. 1990-1999 Box 42, Folder 11 Gong, Jeh-Tween 1996 Box 42, Folder 12 Green, Mark 1999-2004 Box 42, Folder 13 Grzeskowiak, Kazimierz 1981-2001 Box 42, Folder 14 Guillemin, Roger 1970-1977 Box 42, Folder 15 Gut, Ivo 1997 Box 42, Folder 16 H - Miscellaneous Box 42, Folder 17 Haertlé, Tomasz 1981-1998 Box 42, Folder 18 Hamilton, W.D. (Bill) 1995 Box 42, Folder 19 Hammond, Jim 2006 Box 42, Folder 20 Hampton, Tyler 2005 Box 42, Folder 21 Harada, Kaoru 1995-2003 Box 42, Folder 22 Harada, Kazuo 2000 -2004 Box 42, Folder 23 Harrison, Kervin 1995 Box 42, Folder 24 Hartman, Hyman 1992-2005 Box 42, Folder 25 Hazen, Robert 1999-2007

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 22 Accession Processed in 2018 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 42, Folder 26 Helmer, Magdalena 2003-2004 Box 42, Folder 27 Herdewijn, Piet 1998-2006 Box 42, Folder 28 Holland, John H. 1992 Box 42, Folder 29 Holley, Robert 1970-1974 Box 42, Folder 30 Holliday, Robin 1984-2003 Box 42, Folder 31 Horeis, Heinz 1998 Box 42, Folder 32 Hornblower, Simon 1995 Box 43, Folder 1 Horowitz, Norman H. 1998-2001 Box 43, Folder 2 Hud, Nicholas V. 1999-2007 Box 43, Folder 3 I - Miscellaneous Box 43, Folder 4 Inoue, Tan 1988 Box 43, Folder 5 International Society for Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids 2001 Box 43, Folder 6 Isis Pharmaceuticals 1989-1994 Box 43, Folder 7 J - Miscellaneous Box 43, Folder 8 James, Brennig 1997 Box 43, Folder 9 James, William 1999 Box 43, Folder 10 Jencks, William P. 1989-1990 Box 43, Folder 11 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2006 Box 43, Folder 12 Jordan, Stephan 1993 Box 43, Folder 13 Journal of Molecular Evolution 1969-2006 Box 43, Folder 14 Journal of the American Chemical Society 1995-2006 Box 43, Folder 15 Journal of Theoretical Biology 1990-2006 Box 43, Folder 16 Joyce, Gerald F. (Jerry) 1982-2005 Box 43, Folder 17 Jukes, Thomas H. 1990-1997 Box 43, Folder 18 Jungck, John R. 1990 Box 43, Folder 19 Jurgenson, Tom 1999 Box 43, Folder 20 K - Miscellaneous Box 43, Kanavarioti, Anastassia (Tessi) 1985-2005 Folder 21-22 Box 43, Folder 23 Kasting, Jim 2000-2002 Box 43, Folder 24 Kaufmann, Stuart A. 1990-1994 Box 43, Folder 25 Kay, Lily E. 1993 Box 43, Folder 26 Ke, Wen 1998 Box 43, Folder 27 Kent, Stephen B.H. 1996-1999 Box 43, Folder 28 Keynes, Richard D. 1994-1999 Box 43, Folder 29 Khorana, H. Gobind 1994-2000 Box 43, Folder 30 Kilmartin, Paul 1997-2002 Box 43, Folder 31 Kirchweger, Gina 2006 Box 43, Folder 32 Kishore, Uday 1995 Box 44, Folder 1 Kluwer Academic Publishers 1996-1998 Box 44, Folder 2 Knowles, Jeremy R. 1988-1992 Box 44, Folder 3 Kolb, Vera 1994-1997 Box 44, Folder 4 Kolman, Barry 1999 Box 44, Folder 5 Koppitz, Marcus 1995-1999 Box 44, Folder 6 Kornberg, Arthur 1990-1998 Box 44, Folder 7 Kozlov, Igor A. 1996-2006 Box 44, Folder 8 Kramer, Fred Russell 1985-2001 Box 44, Folder 9 Kushnirov, Vitaly 1998 Box 44, Folder 10 L - Miscellaneous Box 44, Folder 11 Lacey, James C., Jr. 1990-1993 Box 44, Folder 12 Lahav, Noam 1985-1998 Box 44, Folder 13 Lancet, Doron 1996-2006 Box 44, Folder 14 Lanouette, William 1993-1998 Box 44, Folder 15 Lawless, James 1994 Box 44, Folder 16 Lazcano-Araujo Reyes, Antonio 1996-2007 Box 44, Folder 17 Le Doan, Trung 1986-2004 Box 44, Folder 18 Leffert, Hyam L. 1995-1998

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 23 Accession Processed in 2018 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 44, Folder 19 Leonard, Nelson J. 1987-1997 General note Includes group photograph.

Box 44, Folder 20 Li, Xiao-Ru 1992 Box 44, Folder 21 Lippard, Stephen J. 1990-1992 Box 44, Folder 22 Litvin, Arkadi 1996-1997 Box 44, Folder 23 Liu, Rihe 1993-2007 Box 44, Folder 24 Luisi, Pier Luigi 1994-1997 Box 44, Folder 25 Lyons, James R. 1998 Box 44, Folder 26 M - Miscellaneous Box 44, Folder 27 Magni, Guilio 1995 Box 44, Folder 28 Martin-Polo, Jesus 1988-1992 Box 44, Folder 29 Maurel, Marie-Christine 1996-2004 Box 44, Folder 30 Menninger, John 1999 Box 44, Folder 31 Meselson, Matthew S. 2000 Box 44, Folder 32 Meyer, Michael A. 1998-2001 Box 44, Folder 33 Michalski, Jan Tomasz 1985-1994 Box 44, Folder 34 Miller, Stanley L. 1990-2007 Box 44, Folder 35 Misra, K.K. 1992-1993 Box 45, Folder 1 Mojzsis, Stephen J. 1996-2001 Box 45, Folder 2 Moonay, David J. 2003 Box 45, Folder 3 Morrison, David 2001 Box 45, Folder 4 Moses, Vivian 1994-1995 Box 45, Folder 5 Müller, Ulrich 2000 Box 45, Folder 6 N - Miscellaneous 1995 Box 45, Folder 7 Nagyvary, Joseph 1982-1996 Box 45, Folder 8 Nassal, Michael 1992 Box 45, Folder 9 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 1990 Box 45, Folder 10 National Center for Science Education 2002 Box 45, Folder 11 National Film Board of Canada 1998-2001 Box 45, Folder 12 National Institutes of Health 1988-1989 Box 45, Folder 13 National Research Council 1999 Box 45, Folder 14 National Science Foundation 1990-2004 Box 45, Folder 15 Nature 1990-2003 Box 45, Folder 16 Näveke, Arne 1995 Box 45, Folder 17 Neves, Frederico 2006 Box 45, Folder 18 Ng, Kam-Mui Eva 1984-1990 Box 45, Folder 19 Nicolaou, K.C. 1991-1994 Box 45, Nielsen, Peter Eigil 1994-2000 Folder 20-21 Box 45, Folder 22 Ninio, Jacques 1986-1989 Box 45, Folder 23 Noller, Harry F. 1992-1996 Box 45, Folder 24 Nucleic Acids Research 1990-2006 Box 45, Folder 25 O - Miscellaneous Box 45, Folder 26 Ohnsorge, Richard 1994 Box 45, Folder 27 Olson, Clay 1999-2003 Box 45, Folder 28 Organic Letters 2001-2003 Box 45, Folder 29 Orgel, Henry 1993 Box 45, Folder 30 Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 1984-2002 Box 45, Folder 31 Oró, Juan 1989-1996 Box 45, Folder 32 Otroshchenko, Vladimir A. 1985-1989 Box 45, Folder 33 Oxford University Press 1990-2002 Box 46, Folder 1 P - Miscellaneous Box 46, Folder 2 Pace, Norman R. 1991 Box 46, Folder 3 Palomino-Angeles, Miguel 1999 Box 46, Folder 4 Palyi, Gyula 1999-2000 Box 46, Folder 5 Pascal, Robert 2005

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 24 Accession Processed in 2018 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 46, Folder 6 Paul, Dieter 2004 Box 46, Folder 7 Peck, Joel 1997 Box 46, Folder 8 Pitsch, Stefan 1998 Box 46, Folder 9 Platt, John 1989 Box 46, Folder 10 Pollard, Thomas Dean 1997-2004 Box 46, Folder 11 Pouyani, Tara 1992-1993 Box 46, Folder 12 Powell, Paul D. 2001 Box 46, Folder 13 Price, Buford 2006 Box 46, Folder 14 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1990-2007 Box 46, Folder 15 Profiles in Science 2004-2007 Box 46, Folder 16 Project Dragonfly 1994-1996 Box 46, Folder 17 Pross, Addy 2002 Box 46, Folder 18 Prusiner, Stanley B. 1992 Box 46, Folder 19 Pyne, Solana 2003 Box 46, Folder 20 Q - Miscellaneous Box 46, Folder 21 The Quarterly Review of Biology 1999-2003 Box 46, Folder 22 R - Miscellaneous Box 46, Folder 23 Race, Margaret 1997-1998 Box 46, Folder 24 Rauchfuss, Horst 2003 Box 46, Folder 25 Rebek, Julius, Jr. and Mitra Tayadoni-Rebek 1990-2002 Box 46, Reprint requests 2004-2006 Folder 26-29 Box 46, Folder 30 Rich, Alexander 1992-2006 Box 46, Folder 31 Rivier, Jean 1998 Box 46, Folder 32 Robins, Roland K. 1988 Box 46, Folder 33 Rodriquez, Libaniel 1989 Box 47, Folder 1 Rosemeyer, Helmut 1993 Box 47, Folder 2 Ross, David 2005 Box 47, Folder 3-4 S - Miscellaneous Box 47, Folder 5 Sacks, Oliver 2005 Box 47, Folder 6 Sagan, Carl 1990-1994 Box 47, Folder 7 Salk family 1999-2000 Box 47, Folder 8 Sanchez, Robert A. 1998-1999 Box 47, Folder 9 Sawai, Hiroaki 1992-1998 Box 47, Folder 10 Schmidt, Jürgen 1995-1999 Box 47, Folder 11 Schopf, J. William (Bill) 1993-2001 Box 47, Folder 12 Schroeder, Julian 2001 Box 47, Folder 13 Schubert, David 1998 Box 47, Schwartz, Alan W. 1983-2005 Folder 14-15 General note Includes group photograph with Orgel.

Box 47, Folder 16 Schwienhorst, Andreas 1988 Box 47, Folder 17 Science 1997-2001 Box 47, Folder 18 The Sciences 1990-1995 Box 47, Folder 19 Seckbach, Joseph 2002-2003 Box 47, Folder 20 Seebach, Dieter 1997-2002 Box 47, Folder 21 Seela, Frank 1991-1996 Box 47, Folder 22 Seidman, Michael 2002-2003 Box 47, Folder 23 Senter, Peter 1995 Box 47, Folder 24 Shabarova, Zoe Alekseevna 1987-1997 Box 48, Folder 1 Shapiro, Robert 1997-2001 Box 48, Folder 2 Shepard, Mike 1999-2000 Box 48, Folder 3 Shimizu, Mikio 1995-2004 Box 48, Folder 4 Shinozaki, Tetsuya 1990 Box 48, Folder 5 Shulman, Robert G. 1994 Box 48, Folder 6 Sobell, Henry Martinique (Hank) 2003 Box 48, Folder 7 Sommers, Fred 1996-2002

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 25 Accession Processed in 2018 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 48, Folder 8 Springsteen, Greg 2005 Box 48, Folder 9 Stackhouse, Joseph 1996-1998 Box 48, Folder 10 Staves, Mark 1990 Box 48, Folder 11 Steitz, Thomas A. 1987-1998 Box 48, Folder 12 Stribling, Roscoe 1986-1991 Box 48, Folder 13 Strick, James 2001-2003 Box 48, Folder 14 Sulston, John 1986-2002 Box 48, Folder 15 Sutherland, John D. 2002 Box 48, Folder 16 Sutherland, Stuart 1990-1995 Box 48, Folder 17 Syntex Corporation 1986 Box 48, Folder 18 Szostak, Jack W. 1989-2006 Box 48, Folder 19 T - Miscellaneous Box 48, Folder 20 The Teaching Company 2004-2005 Box 48, Folder 21 Tessis, Ana Claudia 1991-1992 Box 48, Folder 22 Thomas, John Meurig 1995-2002 Box 48, Folder 23 Tohidi, Mary 1985-1991 Box 48, Folder 24 Trends in Biotechnology 1989-2001 Box 48, Folder 25 Trent, Jonathan 1993-2000 Box 48, Folder 26 Trowbridge, Ian 1995 Box 48, Folder 27 Tschirgi, Robert 1996-1999 Box 48, Folder 28 Turnbull, Ken 1998 Box 48, Folder 29 Turner, B.M. 1993-1994 Box 48, Folder 30 U - Miscellaneous Box 48, Folder 31 Uhlenbeck, Olke 1990-1991 Box 48, Folder 32 University of Cambridge 1990-2006 Box 48, Folder 33 University of Iowa 2002 Box 48, Folder 34 Usher, David A. 1977-1994 Box 48, Folder 35 U.S. Senate and House of Representatives 1991-1993 General note Correspondence to and from U.S. Congress members regarding NASA and NIH funding.

Box 48, Folder 36 V - Miscellaneous Box 48, Folder 37 Verma, Inder 1997-2000 Box 48, Folder 38 Visser, Geb M. 1983-1993 Box 48, Folder 39 Von Hoff, Daniel D. 1988-1989 Box 48, Folder 40 von Kiedrowski, Gunter 1983-1999 Box 48, Folder 41 Vorbruggen, Helmut 1990-2002 Box 49, Folder 1 W - Miscellaneous Box 49, Folder 2 Wächtershäuser, Günter 2000 Box 49, Folder 3 Wahl, Geoffrey M. 1993-1998 Box 49, Folder 4 Watson, James D. 1990-2007 Box 49, Folder 5 Webb, Thomas R. 1980-1992 Box 49, Folder 6 Weber, Arthur L. 1990-1998 Box 49, Folder 7 Weber, Jeff 2003-2005 Box 49, Folder 8 Weiner, Alan M. 1987-1990 Box 49, Folder 9 The Welch Foundation 1997-2005 Box 49, Folder 10 Wengel, Jesper T. 1999 Box 49, Folder 11 Westheimer, Frank H. 1988-1992 Box 49, Folder 12 Whidden, Ivan 2000 Box 49, Folder 13 Whiffen, David H. 1993 General note Includes biographical information about chemist Leslie Sutton.

Box 49, Folder 14 Winter, Holger 1994 Box 49, Folder 15 Witowski, Jan 1995-2003 Box 49, Folder 16 Wu, Taifeng 1989-2002

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 26 Accession Processed in 2018 CORRESPONDENCE

Box 49, Folder 17 X - Miscellaneous Box 49, Folder 18 Y - Miscellaneous Box 49, Folder 19 Yanagawa, Hiroshi 1993-1998 Box 49, Folder 20 Yockey, Hubert 2000-2005 Box 49, Folder 21 Z - Miscellaneous Box 49, Folder 22 Zelibor, Joe 1998 Box 49, Folder 23 Zhang, Shuguang 2001-2003 Box 49, Folder 24 Zhao, Yu-Fen 1996-2006 Box 49, Folder 25 Zhou, Mu-Ying 1998-1999 Box 49, Folder 26 Zhu, Zhengrong 1995 Box 49, Folder 27 Zhu, Zhongyu 1999-2000 Box 49, Folder 28 Zieboll, Gerhard 1990-1997 Box 49, Folder 29 Zielinski, Wojciech S. 1982-1988 Box 49, Folder 30 Zubay, Geoffrey 1996-2002 Box 49, Folder 31 Zuckerkandl, Emile 1990 Box 49, Folder 32 Zydowsky, Tom 1999

TALKS AND LECTURES Scope and Content of Series Series 10) TALKS AND LECTURES: Invitations, correspondence, abstracts, figures, drafts, and ephemera for Orgel's talks on molecular biology and the origins of life (most of the folders do not contain full drafts of Orgel's prepared comments). The first items in the series are transcripts of biochemistry lectures broadcast on European radio in the 1950s. Arranged chronologically.

Box 49, Folder 33 Frontiers of Knowledge: "Biological Catalysts" and "Principles of Catalysis" 1959 March 24-31 General note Radio broadcast transcripts for the European English Service.

Box 49, Folder 34 Molecular Replication. International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposium 112: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life - Recent Developments, Boston 1984 June 19 Box 49, Folder 35 Chemical Models for Replication. Gordon Research Conference on the Origin of Life, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH 1984 August 23 Box 49, Folder 36 Non-Enzymatic Template-Directed Synthesis. Fourth Conversation in Biomolecular Stereodynamics, Albany, New York 1985 June 4-8 Box 49, Folder 37 Replication Assisted Assay. Army Research Office Fourth Biodetection workshop, Cashiers, NC 1986 April 16 Box 49, Folder 38 Origin of Life. India 1988 December 14 Box 49, Folder 39 Signs of Life. To Boldly Go: America's Next Era in Space. NASA 1995 January 23 Box 50, Folder 1 Template Catalysis and the Origins of Life. The Year of Louis Pasteur international symposium, Rio de Janeiro 1995 February 20 Box 50, Folder 2 The RNA World. American Chemical Society Pauling Award symposium, Eugene, OR 1995 October 28 Box 50, Folder 3 Formation of Polyamides on RNA Templates, Minerals, and Micelles. Gordon Research Conference: Origin of Life, Ventura 1996 January 7-12 Box 50, Folder 4 The RNA World and the Origins of Life. William C. Ferguson memorial lecture, Washington University, St. Louis 1996 March 13 Box 50, Folder 5 Overview on RNA and RNA Analogue Replication. International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) '96, Orléans, France 1996 July 7-12 Box 50, Folder 6 Molecular Replication. Forum on the Origins of Life, Gothenburg, Sweden. Template-Directed Synthesis and the Origins of Life. Danish Biological Society, Copenhagen 1997 April 7-11 Box 50, Folder 7 Information Transfer Between Nucleic Acids and Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA). With Jürgen G. Schmidt, et al. American Chemical Society 33rd western regional meeting, Irvine, CA 1997 October 23

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 27 Accession Processed in 2018 TALKS AND LECTURES

Box 50, Folder 8 The NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) in Exobiology. With Jeffrey L. Bada, et al. NASA Ames Research Center 1997 November 18 Box 50, Folder 9 Template-Directed Synthesis of DNA-PNA Chimeras. With Marcus Koppitz. NASA Ames Research Center 1997 November 19 Box 50, Folder 10 Life on the Rocks - Minerals and the Origin of Life. Gordon Research Conference, Ventura 1999 February 25 Box 50, Folder 11 The Origin of Information-Containing Living Cells. Gold Medal Symposium on the Origin of Life. UC Los Angeles 2000 April 7 Box 50, Folder 12 How Did Life Begin on the Earth? American Chemical Society, San Diego Section 2000 May 16 General note Orgel was presented the 2000 San Diego Section Outstanding Scientist Award by the American Chemical Society.

Box 50, Folder 13 NSCORT and NAI. National Academies' Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life. SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 2001 November 1 Box 50, Folder 14 GNA. UC Irvine 2005 Box 50, Folder 15 A Review of Recent Ideas About the Origin of Life. Osher Institute 2006-2007 Box 50, Folder 16 Origin of Life talks undated Box 50, Folder 17 Sequestration. Beijing undated

WRITINGS Scope and Content of Series Series 11) WRITINGS: Drafts, correspondence, notes, illustrations, abstracts, data, outlines, reviews, and publishing agreements regarding Orgel's published and unpublished writings. Arranged in three subseries: A) Articles, B) Books, and C) Notes. A) Articles: Drafts, correspondence, figures, abstracts, reviews, data, and publishing agreements for Orgel's articles on molecular biology, nucleic acids, replication, origins of life, peptides, and polymerization. A small amount of writings are in French. Arranged alphabetically by title. B) Books: Drafts, correspondence, illustrations, outlines, notes, reviews, and publishing agreements for Orgel's books on chemistry and molecular biology. Titles include An Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry: Ligand Field Theory (1960); The Origins of Life: Molecules and Natural Selection (1973); The Origins of Life on the Earth (with Stanley L. Miller, 1974); and a chemistry thesis submitted to Oxford University. Includes partial drafts and illustrations for an unpublished 2007 manuscript on the origins of life. Arranged alphabetically by title. C) Notes: Orgel's scientific and bibliographic notes on chemistry and molecular biology. Arranged alphabetically by title.

Articles Box 50, Folder 18 Adaptation to Wide-Spread Disturbance of Enzyme Function 1964 Box 50, Folder 19 Adenine 1998-1999 Box 50, Folder 20 Adsorption and Polymerization of Oligonucleotides on Organic Solid Surface. With Kui Gao Box 50, Folder 21 Albery and Knowles Made Easy 1985-1986 Box 51, Folder 1 Alternative Genetic Systems Box 51, Folder 2 Alternatives to Nucleic Acids as Informational Macromolecules. With Stanley L. Miller 1989 Box 51, Folder 3 An Antidote to PNAS or Cell 1995 Box 51, Folder 4 Appendix C: Additional Perspectives on Contamination from Space. In Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies (National Academy Press, 1998) 1997 Box 51, Folder 5 Are You Serious Dr. Mitchell? 1999 Box 51, Folder 6 Base Composition 1987

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 28 Accession Processed in 2018 WRITINGS

Box 51, Folder 7 Blunt-End and Single-Strand Ligase Activities of E. coli Ligase and How These Activities Militate Against an In Vitro, Ligase-Based, Amplification Scheme. With Kevin J. Barringer, et al 1989 Box 51, Folder 8 Carbonyl Sulfide-Mediated Prebiotic Formation of Peptides. With Luke Leman and M. Reza Ghadiri 2004 Box 51, Folder 9 Carbonyl Sulfide-Mediated Synthesis of Phosphate Anhydrides and Amino Acid Derivatives in Water. With Luke J. Leman and M. Reza Ghadiri 2005-2006 Box 51, Folder 10 The Catalysis of Nucleic Acid Replication by Surfaces Box 51, Folder 11 Catalysis of the Oligomerization of O-Phospho-Serine, Aspartic Acid, or Glutamic Acid by Cationic Micelles. With Christof Böhler and Aubrey R. Hill, Jr. 1994-1995 Box 51, Folder 12 Codes Without Commas. With F.H.C. Crick and J.S. Griffith Box 51, Folder 13 A Comparison of RNA with DNA in Template-Directed Synthesis. With Magdalene Zielinski and Igor A. Kozlov 1999-2000 Box 51, Folder 14 A Convenient Synthesis of a Novel Nucleoside Analogue. With Kui Gao 1999-2000 Box 51, Folder 15 CO Stretching Frequencies of Substituted Metal Carbonyls 1962 Box 51, Folder 16 Double Layer Hydroxide Minerals as Host Structures for Bioorganic Molecules. With Ton Lee, et al Box 51, Folder 17 Efficient Oligomerization of Negatively-Charged Amino Acids at -20 degrees C. With Rihe Liu 1997 Box 51, Folder 18 Efficient Transfer of Information from Hexitol Nucleic Acids to RNA During Nonenzymatic Oligomerization. With Igor A. Kozlov, et al 1999 Box 51, Folder 19 The Electronic Spectra of Sandwich Molecules. With D.A. Levy 1964-1966 Box 51, Folder 20 Electron Transport Through Conjugated Systems Box 51, Folder 21 Enantiomeric Cross-Inhibition Revisited. With Jürgen G. Schmidt and Peter E. Nielsen 1996 Box 51, Folder 22 Enantiomeric Selection in the Reaction of Proline with an Oligonucleotide Terminated by a 3'-Amino-3'-Deoxy A Residue. With Gerhard Zieboll 1993-1994 Box 51, Folder 23 Encapsulation 2002 Box 52, Folder 1 Enzymatic Synthesis of Polymers Containing Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. With Rihe Liu 1995 Box 52, Folder 2 Foreword. In Origins: Genesis, Evolution and the Biodiversity of Life (Joseph Seckbach, editor, 2003) 2003 Box 52, Folder 3-4 Formation of Oligonucleotide-PNA-Chimeras by Template-Directed Ligation. With Marcus Koppitz and Peter E. Nielsen 1997-1998 Box 52, Folder 5 Genetic Consequences of a Degenerate Code ca. 1953 Box 52, Folder 6 Geothermal Synthesis and Metabolism 2006 Box 52, Folder 7 Haematic Enzymes 1961 Box 52, Folder 8 Heterogeneous Catalysis of Phosphorylation with Trimetaphosphate. With S. Hui and G. Arrhenius 1993 Box 52, Folder 9 A Highly Enantio-Selective Hexitol Nucleic Acid Template for Nonenzymatic Oligoguanylate Synthesis. With Igor A. Kozlov, et al 1998-1999 Box 52, Folder 10 Hydrolysis of tRNA Phe on Suspensions of Amino Acids. With Kui Gao 2000-2001 Box 52, Folder 11 Information Transfer from DNA to PNA by Template-Directed Synthesis. With Jürgen G. Schmidt, et al 1997 Box 52, Folder 12 Information Transfer from PNA to RNA by Template-Directed Synthesis. With Jürgen G. Schmidt and Peter E. Nielsen 1997 Box 53, Folder 1 Inhibition of Oligo(glutamine) Precipitation by Glutamine-Containing Peptides. With B.C.F. Chu 2001 Box 53, Folder 2 Inhibition of Transcription by Dumbbell DNA Containing the Sp1 or E2F Recognition Sequence. With Barbara C.F. Chu 1995 Box 53, Folder 3 Intracellular Reagents Box 53, Folder 4 In vitro Integration of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 cDNA into Targets Containing Protein-Induced Bends. With Yeou-Cherng Bor and Frederic D. Bushman 1995 Box 53, Folder 5 Is a Double Helix Really Necessary?

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 29 Accession Processed in 2018 WRITINGS

Box 53, Folder 6 Letter to the editors of Science. With Gustaf Arrhenius, et al 1999 January 20 Box 53, Folder 7 Life, Origin of. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2004-2005 Box 53, Folder 8 Life - The Origins Of. An Addendum for the M.R.C. (In Triplicate) Box 53, Folder 9 L'origine de la vie - faits et spéculations. French translation of "The Origin of Life: A Review of Facts and Speculations," Trends in Biochemical Sciences 23, 1998 for Biofutur 2002 Box 53, Folder 10 A Method for the 32P Labeling of Peptides or Peptide Nucleic Acid Oligomers. With Igor A. Kozlov and Peter E. Nielsen 1998 Box 53, Folder 11 Minimalist Genetic Systems 1992 Box 53, Molecular Evolution of Peptide Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases (MsrA and Folder 12-13 MsrB): On the Early Development of a Mechanism That Protects Against Oxidative Damage. With L. Delaye, et al 2005-2006 Box 53, Folder 14 Molecular Replication: A Review 1992-1994 Oversize FB-208, Molecular Replication: A Review - Drafts and proofs 1994 Folder 4 Box 53, Folder 15 The Need for a Combinatorial Approach to Mineral Catalysis 2002 Box 53, Folder 16 Nonenzymatic Oligomerization Reactions on Templates Containing Inosinic Acid or Diaminopurine Nucleotide Residues. With Igor A. Kozlov 1999 Box 53, Folder 17 Non-enzymatic Synthesis of RNA and DNA Oligomers on Hexitol Nucleic Acid Templates: The Importance of the A Structure. With Igor A. Kozlov, et al 1998-1999 Box 54, Folder 1 Nonenzymatic Template-Directed Reactions on Altritol Oligomers, Pre-organized Analogues of Oligonucleotides. With Igor A. Kozlov, et al 1999 Box 54, Folder 2 Nonenzymatic Template-Directed Synthesis of RNA from Monomers. With I.A. Kozlov 2000 Box 54, Folder 3 Non-enzymatic Template-Directed Synthesis on RNA Random Copolymers. With G.F. Joyce Box 54, Folder 4 Nucleic Acid Duplexes Incorporating a Dissociable Covalent Base Pair. With K. Gao 1999 Box 54, Folder 5 Oligomerization of α-Thioglutamic Acid. With Marie-Christine Maurel 1999-2000 Box 54, Folder 6 Oligomerization of 3'-Amino-3'-Deoxynucleotides in Aqueous Solution. With W.S. Zielinski and C.B. Chen Box 54, Folder 7 Oligomerization of Activated D- and L-Guanosine Mononucleotides on Templates Containing D- and L-Deoxycytidylate Residues. With Igor A. Kozlov and Stefan Pitsch 1998 Box 54, Folder 8 Oligomerization of Deoxyguanosine 5'-Phosphoro-2-Methylimidazolide on a Polycytidylate Template. With Igor A. Kozlov 1999 Box 54, Folder 9 Oligomerization of L-Gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid. With Aubrey R. Hill, Jr. 1998 Box 54, Folder 10 Oligomerization of Negatively-Charged Amino Acids by Carbonyldiimidazole. With Aubrey R. Hill, Jr. 1996 Box 54, Folder 11 Oligonucleotides as Probes for Studying Polymerization Reactions in Dilute Aqueous Solution. With Vera Kolb Box 54, Folder 12 The Origin of Biological Information 2000-2001 Box 54, Folder 13 The Origin of Life - A Review of Facts and Speculations 1998-1999 General note Includes caricature of Sherlock Holmes inspecting a double helix with a magnifying glass, by artist Jamie Simon.

Box 54, Folder 14 The Origin of Life - How Long Did it Take? 1997-1998 Box 54, Folder 15 The Origin of Life on the Earth 1993-1994 General note Article published in Scientific American, October 1994.

Box 55, Folder 1-2 The Origin of Life on the Earth 1993-1994 General note Article published in Scientific American, October 1994.

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 30 Accession Processed in 2018 WRITINGS

Box 55, Folder 3 The Origins of Life - A Status Report 1995-1996 Box 55, Folder 4-5 Oxidative Acylation Using Thioacids. With Rihe Liu 1997 Box 55, Folder 6 PCR with Detachable Primers. With Michael H. Silveira 1995 Box 55, Folder 7 Peptide Cycles 1999 Box 55, Folder 8 Peptide Formation on Cysteine-Containing Peptide Scaffolds. With Barbara C.F. Chu 1999 Box 55, Folder 9 Phosphoramidate Analogs with CG and GC Alternating Sequences. With W.S. Zielinski Box 55, Folder 10 Phosphorylation of Glyceric Acid in Aqueous Solution Using Trimetaphosphate. With Vera Kolb 1995 Box 55, Folder 11 Photochemical Synthesis of Condensed Phosphates. With A. Bech Box 55, Folder 12 Photo- Steady-State and Pyrimidine Photochemistry Box 55, Folder 13 Polymerization of Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution. With Rihe Liu 1997 Box 55, Folder 14 Polymerization on the Rocks: Amino Acids and Arginine. With Rihe Liu 1997 Box 55, Folder 15 Polymerization on the Rocks: Negatively-Charged Amino Acids. With Aubrey R. Hill, Jr. and Christof Böhler 1996-1997 Box 55, Folder 16 Polymerization on the Rocks: Theoretical Introduction 1997 Box 56, Folder 1 Polyphosphorylation and Non-Enzymatic Template-Directed Ligation of Oligonucleotides. With Kui Gao 1999 Box 56, Folder 2 The Possible Role of Mirror-Image Nucleotides in Molecular Evolution. With G.M. Visser, et al Box 56, Folder 3-4 Prebiotic Adenine Revisited: Eutectics and Photochemistry 2002-2003 Box 56, Folder 5 Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of the RNA World 2004 Box 56, Folder 6 Prebiotic Cytosine Synthesis. With James P. Ferris, et al 1995 Box 56, Folder 7 Prebiotic Formation of Phosphate Anhydrides Mediated by Carbonyl Sulfide. With Luke J. Leman and M. Reza Ghadiri 2005 Box 56, Folder 8 Presentation of Ligands on Hydroxylapatite. With Barbara C.F. Chu 1996-1997 Box 56, Folder 9 Preventive Mitochondrial Replacement 1997 Box 56, Folder 10 Prion Replication and Secondary Nucleation 1996 Box 56, Folder 11 Prior Results from the CBC Phase I Box 56, Folder 12 Progress Toward Understanding the Origin of the RNA World. With Gerald F. Joyce. In The RNA World, 3rd edition (Raymond Gesteland, editor, 2004) 2004 Box 56, Folder 13 Prospects for Understanding the Origin of the RNA World. With Gerald F. Joyce. In The RNA World, 2nd edition (Raymond Gesteland, editor, 1997) 1997 Box 56, Folder 14 Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductases and the Evolution of the Thermophily: Was the Last Common Ancestor a Heat-Loving Microbe? With Arturo Becerra, et al 2006-2007 Box 57, Folder 1 Proteins Box 57, Folder 2 Remote Enantio Selection Transmitted by an Achiral PNA Backbone. With Igor A. Kozlov and Peter E. Nielsen 1999-2000 Box 57, Folder 3 Retrospective: Francis Crick, 1916-2004 2004 Box 57, Folder 4 Review of Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code (Matt Ridley, 2006) 2006 Box 57, Folder 5 Review of Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origin (Robert M. Hazen, 2005) 2005-2006 Box 57, Folder 6 "RNA Analogues" and "Combinational Approach to Mineral Catalysis" Box 57, Folder 7 Sandwich Molecules Box 57, Self-Organizing Biochemical Cycles (Metabolic Cycles for Pedestrians) Folder 8-10 1997-2000 Box 57, Folder 11 A Sensitive Method for Detecting Very Small Numbers of Biopolymers (For Example, Nucleic Acids or Cell-Surface Receptors) 1984 Box 57, Folder 12 Separation of "Uncharged" Oligodeoxynucleotide Analogues by Anion Exchange Chromatography at High pH. With Jürgen G. Schmidt and Peter E. Nielsen 1995 Box 57, Folder 13 Sequence Dependent N-Terminal Degradation of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) in Aqueous Solution. With Magdalena Eriksson, et al 1998 Box 57, Folder 14 A Simple Procedure for Constructing 5'-Amino-Terminated Oligodeoxynucleotides in Aqueous Solution. With Richard K. Bruick, et al 1997

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 31 Accession Processed in 2018 WRITINGS

Box 57, Folder 15 A Simpler Nucleic Acid 2000 Box 57, Folder 16 Some 5'-Azido and 5'-Amino-2'-Deoxyribonucleosides, Their 3'-Phospates, and Their 3'-Phosphoimidazolides. With Don E. Gibbs 1976 Box 57, Folder 17 Some Consequences of the RNA World Hypothesis 2002-2003 Box 58, Folder 1 The Sorcerer's Apprentice Model 1985-1986 Box 58, Folder 2 The Specificity of Peptide Chain Extension by N-Carboxyanhydrides. With Ke Wen 2000 Box 58, Folder 3 The Synthesis of 2'-Deoxy-L-Cytidine-3'-Phosphate. With Igor A. Kozlov 1998 Box 58, Folder 4 Synthesis of Adenine from HCN Tetramer and Ammonium Formate. With Aubrey Hill 2001-2002 Box 58, Folder 5 The Synthesis of Peptides Containing Guanidino Groups. With Ke Wen, et al 2000-2001 Box 58, Folder 6 Synthesis of Long Prebiotic Oligomers on Mineral Surfaces. With James P. Ferris, et al 1996 Box 58, Folder 7 Target-Sequence Preferences of HIV-1 Integration Complexes in Vitro. With Yeou-cherng Bor, et al 1995-1996 Box 58, Folder 8 Template Switching Between PNA and RNA Oligonucleotides. With Christof Böhler and Peter E. Nielson 1995 Box 58, Folder 9 Thiol-Mediated Degradation of DNA Adsorbed on a Colloidal Gold Surface. With Shalu Mittal and Frederic Bushman 2002-2003 Box 58, Folder 10 Trimetaphosphate-Induced Addition of Aspartic Acid to Oligo(glutamic Acid)s. With Aubrey Hill 2001-2002 Box 58, Folder 11 Was RNA the First Genetic Polymer? Box 58, Folder 12 Young Brenner. Cambridge and the Code 2002 General note Articles written with Francis Crick for Sydney Brenner's 75th birthday tribute.

Box 58, Untitled manuscripts and notes Folder 13-14 Books Box 58, Folder 15 An Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry: Ligand Field Theory (1960) 1959-1966 Box 59, Folder 1-2 An Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry: Ligand Field Theory (1960) 1959-1966 Box 59, Folder 3 The Origins of Life: Molecules and Natural Selection (1973). Chapters I and IV Box 59, The Origins of Life on the Earth (with Stanley L. Miller, 1974) 1969-1972 Folder 4-10 Box 60, Folder 1-3 The Origins of Life on the Earth (with Stanley L. Miller, 1974) 1969-1972 Box 60, Folder 4-5 The Origins of Life 2007 Box 60, Folder 6 I. A Study of Electron Distributions in Some Heterocyclic Systems. II. A Study of the Polymerisation of Aliphatic Aldimines. Thesis submitted to Magdalen College, School of Chemistry, Oxford University ca. 1949 Notes Box 60, Folder 7 Aminocytidine 1998 Box 60, Folder 8 Biomineralization Box 60, Folder 9 Chemistry Box 60, Folder 10 Chemistry notebook 1976-1989 Box 60, Folder 11 Heterogeneous nucleation 1996 Box 60, Folder 12 Lecture notes Box 60, Folder 13 Minerals/crystals Box 60, Folder 14 Mitochondria Box 60, Notes Folder 15-16 Box 60, Folder 17 Proteins Box 60, Folder 18 Salk experimental data - Mn++ Box 60, Folder 19 Silk fibroin Box 60, Folder 20 Speculative evolution Box 60, Folder 21 Summer School in Theoretical Chemistry Problems 1960

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 32 Accession Processed in 2018 WRITINGS

Box 60, Folder 22 Teichoic acid 1998

PROJECTS AND RESEARCH Scope and Content of Series Series 12) PROJECTS: Correspondence, proposals, patents, notes, reports, and data for research projects conducted by Orgel and his laboratory at the Salk Institute. Arranged in seven subseries: A) Patents, B) Dipenidam, C) Laboratory Notebooks, D) Grant Proposals, E) NSCORT in Exobiology, F) Viking Mars Lander, and G) Film Projects. A) Patents: Patent applications, disclosures, license agreements, correspondence, notes and data for patents based on research by Orgel and his laboratory at the Salk Institute. Topics include DNA sequencing, nucleic acid amplification, human bone tissue, and the chemotherapy medication cytosine arabinoside. Additional patents can be found in the Dipenidam subseries. Arranged alphabetically by patent title. B) Dipenidam: Patent applications and amendments, correspondence, data, notes, and reports regarding the disinfectant Dipenidam. Orgel was chairman of the scientific board of Chemical Patents Corporation, a company involved in the research and development of Dipenidam for medical, industrial, and agricultural uses. Francis Crick served as consultant for the English subsidiary of the company. C) Laboratory Notebooks: Laboratory notebooks kept by Orgel and by research associate Robert Sanchez, who was a member of Orgel's lab. Orgel signed many of the entries in Sanchez's notebooks (RS I-XI). Several of these bound notebooks have loose pages with notes and data inserted. Orgel also kept three-ring binders of notes, data and photographs on tRNA and ptRNA studies (H523 - H743). Arranged chronologically. D) Grant Proposals: Proposals, correspondence, progress reports and notes for research proposals submitted to agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Topics include nucleotides and nucleic acids, prebiotic condensation, biochemical evolution, HIV inhibition, and genetic specificity. Arranged alphabetically by proposal title. E) NSCORT in Exobiology: Correspondence, minutes, reports, grant proposals, publicity materials, logo illustrations and slides regarding the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) in Exobiology. The consortium of UC San Diego, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and The Scripps Research Institute was founded 1992 to study exobiology and the origins of life and to train researchers in the field. Orgel was one of the principal investigators. Arranged alphabetically by folder title. F) Viking Mars Lander: Correspondence, notes, data, minutes, and briefings for the NASA Viking Mars Lander project. Orgel was a member of the Molecular Analysis Team for the Lander I and II missions. G) Film Projects: A film script, transcript, and correspondence for documentaries for which Orgel was interviewed or served as advisor.

Patents Box 61, Folder 1 Aminomalononitrile and Method of Preparation Thereof. With James P. Ferris 1965-1967 Box 61, Folder 2 Aminooxazolines and Products Thereof and Processes for Synthesizing Same. With Robert A. Sanchez 1992-1993 Box 61, Folder 3-5 Cytosine Arabinoside - The Upjohn Company 1968-1990 Box 61, Folder 6-7 DNA Sequencing. With James W. Patrick 1984-1990 Box 61, Folder 8 Facilitated Crystallization Through Intermolecular Disulfide-Bond Formation 1990-1991 Box 61, Genset - License agreement 1994-2000 Folder 9-10 Box 61, Folder 11 Human Bone Insulin Derived Growth Factors 1994-1997 Box 62, Folder 1 Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide. With Reza Ghadiri 2003 Box 62, Folder 2-3 Ligase-Based Amplification Method 1988-1990

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 33 Accession Processed in 2018 PROJECTS AND RESEARCH

Box 62, Folder 4 Method for the Direct Conversion of Methane to Aromatic Hydrocarbons. With Robert A. Sanchez 1966 Box 62, Folder 5 A Method for Using Single-Column Fluorescent Sequencing Technology to Determine Simultaneously Two or More DNA Sequences 1991-1994 Box 62, Folder 6 Method of Making Nucleic Acid Dimers. With Barbara Chu, et al 1988 Box 62, Folder 7 Methods and Compositions for Delivery of Therapeutic Agents to Bone Tissue Employing Conjugates of Negatively Charged Peptide Oligomers with Therapeutic Agents. With Barbara C.F. Chu 1996-1999 Box 62, Folder 8 A Novel Method of Target Amplification Using DNA Ligase 1987-1988 Box 62, Oligodeoxynucleotides and Oligonucleotides Useful as Decoys for Proteins Folder 9-10 Which Selectively Bind to Defined DNA Sequences. With Barbara Chen Fei Chu 1990-1994 Box 62, Folder 11 Patent agreements - Salk Institute and UC San Diego 1964-1974 Box 62, Folder 12 Promoting the Intracellular Degradation of Proteins by the Ubiquitin Pathway 1994 Box 62, Folder 13 Pyrrolidine Nucleosides 1988-1989 Box 63, Folder 1-8 Replicative RNA Reporter Systems. With Barbara Chu, et al - GeneTrak Systems 1986-1996 Box 63, Folder 9 Reporter Amplification - The Sorcerer's Apprentice 1988 Box 64, Folder 1-3 Target Nucleic Acid Amplification/Detection Systems. With Barbara C.F. Chu and Gerald F. Joyce 1988-1996 Box 64, Folder 4 Vysis - License agreements 1994-1996 Dipenidam Oversize FB-207, Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) sporicidal test data 1970 Folder 5 Box 64, Folder 5 Chemical Patents Corporation - Prospectus and registration statements 1969-1970 Box 64, Folder 6-8 Correspondence, notes, and data 1968-1969 Box 65, Folder 1-4 Correspondence, notes, and data 1969-1971 Oversize FB-207, Dipenidam data ca. 1972 Folder 5 Box 65, Folder 5-7 Disinfectant Compositions (Dipenidam) - Patent 1966-1972 Box 65, Folder 8 Intermediate Report on Scientific Progress 1971 Laboratory Notebooks Box 66, Folder 1-4 Laboratory notebook RS I - IV 1965-1967 Box 67, Folder 1-4 Laboratory notebooks RS V - VIII 1967-1969 Box 68, Folder 1-3 Laboratory notebooks RS IX - XI 1969-1972 Box 68, Folder 4 Laboratory notebooks H523 - H547 1999 Box 69, Folder 1-4 Laboratory notebooks H549 - H743 1999-2001 Grant Proposals Box 69, Folder 5-7 Aqueous Solution Derivatization of Unprotected RNA/DNA. With Barbara C.F. Chu. National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1983-1997 Box 69, Folder 8 Center on Biocatalysis. With Edward A. Dennis. National Science Foundation (NSF) 1989 Box 70, Folder 1 Chemical Synthesis of Nucleotides. National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1972-1973 Box 70, Folder 2 Design of Novel Types of ds DNA for Reversible and Irreversible (Cross-Linking) Interaction to Transcription Factors. With Zoe Shabarova. Civilian Research and Development Foundation 1996 Box 70, Folder 3-5 Evolution of Genetic Specificity. With Libaniel Rodriquez and Kazuo Harada. National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1969-1992 Box 70, Folder 6-7 HIV Inhibition by Cross-Linking Antisense RNA via Pt. With Barbara C.F. Chu. National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1989-1996 Box 70, Folder 8-9 Models for the Generation of Prebiotic Condensing Agents. With Alan W. Schwartz. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 1982-1989 Box 71, Folder 1-5 Models for the Generation of Prebiotic Condensing Agents. With Alan W. Schwartz. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 1989-1999

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 34 Accession Processed in 2018 PROJECTS AND RESEARCH

Box 71, Folder 6 Novel Molecular Probes That Generate Exponentially Amplified Signals. With Fred Russell Kramer, et al. National Science Foundation (NSF) 1986 Box 71, Folder 7-8 Nucleic Acid Analogs: Synthesis and Chemotherapy. National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1971-1976 Box 71, Folder 9 Peptides grant Box 72, Folder 1 Prebiotic Activation of Amino Acids and Nucleotide Bases. National Science Foundation (NSF) 1972 Box 72, Folder 2-4 Prebiotic Condensation Reactions. With Alan W. Schwartz. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 1989-2002 Box 72, Folder 5-6 RNA Polymerase Models - A Consortium Proposal. With James G. Lawless (NASA) and David H. White (University of Santa Clara). National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 1982 Box 72, Folder 7 Study of Biochemical Evolution. National Science Foundation (NSF) 1970-1972 Box 72, Folder 8 The Use of Insoluble Aggregates in Template Ligation. With M. Reza Ghadiri. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) exobiology grant 2001 NSCORT in Exobiology Box 72, Annual reports - Drafts and final report 1992-1994 Folder 9-10 Box 73, Folder 1 Annual report 2000 Box 73, Folder 2 Budget 1998-2000 Box 73, Folder 3-4 The Chemistry of Early Self-Replicating Systems - Proposal for a NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Exobiology. With Stanley L. Miller, et al 1991-1998 Box 73, Folder 5 Final report 2002 Box 73, Folder 6-7 Correspondence, minutes, and reports 1990-1992 Box 74, Folder 1-9 Correspondence, minutes, and reports 1991-1995 Box 75, Folder 1-6 Correspondence, minutes, and reports 1995-2003 Box 75, Folder 7 Exobiology grants 2002 Box 75, Folder 8 Fellowships 1991-1992 Box 75, Folder 9 Logos - Illustrations and slide 1992 Box 75, Folder 10 NASA augmentation grant - With Reza Ghadiri 2005 Box 75, Principal investigator meeting minutes 1993-1995 Folder 11-12 Box 76, Folder 1-2 Principal investigator meeting minutes 1995-1999 Box 76, Folder 3 Publicity materials 1993-1998 Box 76, Folder 4 Review committee meeting 1998 Box 76, Folder 5-6 Site visits 1991-2002 Box 76, Folder 7 Visiting review committee meetings 1993-1994 Viking Mars Lander Box 76, Folder 8 Briefing for Mars Lander Scientist Solicitation 1968 Box 76, Folder 9 Correspondence 1968-1969 Oversize FB-207, Viking Molecular Analysis Team - Logo undated Folder 6 Box 76, Folder 10 Viking soil analyses - Correspondence, notes, data, and minutes 1971 Oversize FB-205, Viking soil analyses - Data 1971 Folder 12 Film Projects Box 76, Folder 11 The Search for the Origins of Life 1993-1994 General note Film script and correspondence for a proposed television documentary by Geoff Haines-Stiles Productions. Orgel was an advisor for the film.

Box 76, Folder 12 CineNova 1997 General note Correspondence regarding interviews of Orgel and other researchers for the television documentary Aliens: Are We Alone by CineNova Productions, Inc.

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 35 Accession Processed in 2018 PROJECTS AND RESEARCH

Box 76, Folder 13 Francis Crick in Conversation with Leslie Orgel and Soraya de Chadarevian. Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology 1997 October 14 General note Transcript and correspondence. The digital video can be found in the Francis Crick Personal Papers, MSS 660.

ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMITTEES Scope and Content of Series Series 13) ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMITTEES: Correspondence, reports, minutes, proposals, photographs, and ephemera regarding Orgel's participation in organizations (including the Salk Institute) and committees, particularly on astrobiology and the origin of life. Arranged alphabetically.

Box 77, Folder 1 Complexity and Intelligence group 2000-2001 Box 77, Folder 2-3 La Jolla Group for Explaining the Origins of Humans (LOH) 1997-2002 Box 77, Folder 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Institute 1997-2005 Box 77, Folder 5-6 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Oversight Committee 2000 Box 77, Folder 7-8 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Task Force 2000-2001 Box 77, Folder 9 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mars Sample Handling Oversight and Review Committee 1996-2002 Box 77, Folder 10 National Research Council (NRC) Space Studies Board - Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies 1997-1998 Box 78, Folder 1 Nobel Laureate Dinner committee 1999-2006 General note Includes photographs of Francis Crick and other Nobel laureates.

Box 78, Folder 2 RNA Tie Club 1953-2006 Salk Institute Box 78, Folder 3 Annual scientific report drafts, by Orgel 1981-2002 General note Includes Chemical Evolution Laboratory progress reports.

Oversize FB-207, Card signed by Salk Institute employees Folder 6 Box 78, Folder 4 Chemical Evolution Laboratory summaries 1980-2003 Box 78, Folder 5 Salk Institute Plan for the Neurosciences - Background briefing paper Box 78, Folder 6 SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute 2000-2005 General note Includes Strategic Planning Group and Center for the Study of Life in the Universe.

PHOTOGRAPHS Scope and Content of Series Series 14) PHOTOGRAPHS: Photographs and slides of Leslie Orgel and his colleagues at the Salk Institute of Biological Studies and the UC San Diego Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Includes photographs of Francis Crick, James Watson, Robert Sanchez, the Salk Institute, molecular models, and laboratory equipment.

Box 78, Folder 7-8 Leslie Orgel - Portraits and snapshots ca. 1960-2000

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 36 Accession Processed in 2018 PHOTOGRAPHS

Oversize FB-207, Leslie Orgel - Oversize portraits and snapshots 1956-ca. 1975 Folder 7 General note Includes photos of Orgel in laboratory, with Robert Sanchez, and in group photographs.

Box 78, Folder 9 Leslie Orgel and Robert Sanchez 1967-1970 Box 78, Folder 10 Leslie Orgel, Francis Crick, and James Watson ca. 1955-1995 General note Includes RNA Tie Club photo with Alex Rich, 1955.

Box 78, Leslie Orgel - Group photographs ca. 1960-1990 Folder 11-12 Box 78, Folder 13 Salk Institute - Staff, buildings and laboratories ca. 1970-1996 General note Includes Leslie Orgel and Francis Crick.

Oversize FB-207, Salk Institute - Staff and buildings Folder 8 General note Includes Leslie Orgel and Francis Crick.

SOUND AND VIDEO RECORDINGS Scope and Content of Series Series 15) SOUND AND VIDEO RECORDINGS: One audio recording on reel-to-reel tape of a lecture by Orgel, and one VHS video recording of a lecture by Orgel on the origins of life. Original media is restricted: researchers may request listening or viewing copies in advance of their visit.

Box 79, Folder 1 Frontiers of Science evening meeting - Reel to reel sound recording Conditions Governing Access Restrictions Apply

Box 79, Folder 2 Template-Directed Polynucleotide Synthesis on Analogs of DNA and RNA - VHS recording 1999 March 29 General note Video of a NASA Origins of Life seminar given by Orgel at the Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic. Conditions Governing Access Restrictions Apply

Leslie Orgel Papers MSS 0176 37