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Vol. LV No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 25 cents

At the Demjanjuk trial Ukraine's Catholics appeal for legalization Prosecution expert to be recalled of their Church to Supreme Soviet in Moscow

Special to Svoboda and The Weekly Dr. Iscan said the method was worth­ NEWARK, XJr— The Daily Tele­ celebrates liturgy there for some 400 from UNCHAIN observer less because of the blending effect it graph of Great Britain reported on faithful of the Ukrainian Catholic created, and he cited the opinion of December 23 that Ivan Hel delivered an Church. The location of the church was JERUSALEM — An anthropologist another expert. Dr. Don Ordner, who appeal for the legalization of the Ukrai­ not reported by The Daily Telegraph. who testified as a prosecution witness had expressed reservations about this nian Catholic Church to the Presidium The statement delivered by Mr. Hel that the person pictured on the Traw- methodology and stated that Dr. Smith of the Supreme Soviet in Moscow. was signed by two bishops and 1,543 niki ID card and John Demjanjuk are was aware of Dr. Ordner's criticisms. According to Prolog Research, Mr. faithful. It noted that the Ukrainian one and the same person will be recalled Dr. Smith, formerly of England, has Hel was identified in the story as the Catholic Church is an integral part of to the stand as a result of the testimony been a resident of Israel since 1962. She head of the Committee for the Defense the spiritual and national heritage of the this week of a defense expert, forensic will take the stand on Monday, Decem­ of the Rights of Believers and the Ukrainian nation. anthropologist Dr. Yaser Mahmed ber 28. Church in Ukraine, apparently the Mr. Hel, SO, a national rights advocate Iscan. The week's sessions began with Dr. group once headed by Yosyp Terelia, who served 17 years of labor camp and Last week the defense's anthropolo­ Icsan concluding his testimony and who emigrated this year to Canada. exile for disseminating samvydav litera­ gist called into question Dr. Patricia reiterating his previous statements Mr. Hel was accompanied by the ture and was freed in mid-January after Smith's method- of superimposition of about Dr. Smith's superimposition Rev. Petro Zeleniuk who told foreign completing his most recent sentence, is a photos of the defendant plus thephoto technique. Cross-examination began correspondents in Moscow that he has member of the recently formed Initia­ from the Trawniki ID card on a still that morning Monday, December 21, reopened a church that had been closed tive Group for the Release of Ukrainian from a videotape of the defendant. (Continued on page 16) ,v„. ..- during the Stalin regime and that he • Prisoners of Conscience. Teachers' conference on the Great Famine held in Hartford of the Connecticut Committee to Com­ program was State Sen. Joseph H. and the concept of human rights. by Anisa Sawyckyj memorate the Man-Made Famine in Harper Jr., who lauded the organizers HARTFORD, Conn. — The Univer­ Ukraine, and a long-time community for preparing the conference on the Ask Dr. Mace sity of Hartford campus was the setting activist. Ukrainian famine and stated that, "To December 10 for a one-day teachers' talk about the human rights issue and The strong interest of teachers in the conference on the Ukrainian famine of Conference program discuss it devoid of reference to this subject was reflected in the number and 1932-33. More than 120 persons, some horrific and catastrophic event has been depth of questions posed to Dr. Mace 60 percent of them Connecticut tea­ The conference included a keynote a serious flaw in our educational curri­ after his address, as well as after the chers, attended the conference, which address by Dr. James Mace, executive culum and process." showing of the film, and during the was designed to introduce the topic of director of the U.S. Commission on the He traced the reluctance to deal with afternoon workshop sessions at which the Ukrainian famine of 1932-33 to Ukraine Famine, a screening of the the issue of the Ukrainian famine in part he was also present. middle and high school teachers and to prize-winning film "Harvest of Des­ to the foreign policy makers in the U.S. The questions of the teachers reveal­ offer them a "cooperative teach­ pair." introduced by Robert Douglas, government who in a well-intentioned ed both their eagerness to learn about ing/learning" methodology for class­ producer of public affairs for CPTV effort to deal with the Soviet Union the specific case of the Ukrainian room study of the famine. Channel 24 in Hartford, and a hands-on "ignored issues which this country famine as well as to fit this information Participants in 'the conference, titled workshop session in which teachers thought would be offensive to the into the framework of genocides of "The Ukrainian Terror-Famine: A Case made use of a curriculum package on Communist rulers of the Soviet Union." other nationality groups and of human Study in Stalinist Communism," were the Ukrainian famine. This newly At the conclusion of his remarks. rights issues in general. eligible to earn continuing education developed teaching module was de­ State Sen. Harper presented legislative Dr. Mace was asked such questions credit from the University of Hartford. signed for a five-to 10-day study unit in citations of recognition to three indivi­ as: Has Gorbachev's policy of glasnost Open to the public, the gathering at social studies or English classes at the duals for their continuing efforts to allowed for more open discussion of the the Konover Campus Center was also middle and high school level. make public officials aware of human Ukrainian famine issue in the Soviet an opportunity for interested Ukrai­ Dr. Daniel Nussbaum. executive rights issues: Mr. Mowchan, Wasyl Union? How much information did the nian Americans from across Connecti­ director of the National Conference of Gina of the Ukrainian Heritage Center Roosevelt administration have about cut to learn more about the Ukrainian Christians and Jews, set the stage at the in New Haven and Dr. Nussbaum. the Ukrainian famine, and what could famine, and to observe how American opening of the program: "We are here As part of his remarks. State Sen. the U.S. government have done about teachers respond to a presentation on an today to better understand the concerns Harper read an official statement from it? To what extent was the famine a by­ important topic that for a time had and sensitivities of our Ukrainian Gov. William A. O'Neill of Connecti­ product of collectivization? How many appeared to be of interest only to American neighbors, many of whom cut which designates December 10, non-Ukrainians died in the famine? Ukrainians. are grandchildren and children of 1987, as Human Rights Day in Connec­ Questions were also raised about the A notable aspect of this teachers' survivors of the terror-famine, or in ticut. genocide of the Cambodian people by conference was that it was sponsored by some cases, survivors themselves...We In his keynote address. Dr. Mace the Cambodian government, the Nazi the Connecticut-Western Massachusetts are also here to lift up the Ukrainian presented the basic similarities and extermination of the Jews, the Brazilian Center for Human Relations of the terror-famine as an example to help all differences between the Ukrainian government's policies toward indige­ National Conference of Christians and of us understand how genocide and famine and the Jewish Holocaust, nous Indian tribes in the Amazon River Jews, which had worked closely with other gross violations of human rights which he suggested teachers could keep basin, and the relationship of the Ukrainian community organizations and of human life can occur." in mind as they watched the film apartheid policy of the South African and individuals in preparing the confe­ Alluding to comparisons that are "Harvest of Despair" and as they read government to genocide. rence. often made between the Jewish Holo­ further on the topic of the Ukrainian Another issue raised during the Co-sponsors of the event were ihc caust and the holocausts of other famine. These broad concepts include: question and answer period was the Hartford branch of Americans for nationalities, he added: "As you will see the fate of both Ukrainians and Jews in authenticity of the film footage in the Human Rights in Ukrainc(AHRU). the in the materials (of the curriculum the creation of modern nation-states in "Harvest of Despair" film. A number of Connecticut Council for the Social package), we have consciously avoided East Central Europe; the moral impera­ teachers who were very impressed with Studies and the Connecticut State a competitive mode. We have tried to tives behind Nazi policies and those of the film and planned to use it in their Department of Education. avoid ... "suffering one-upmanship" ... Stalin: the concept of "denying geno­ classes, nevertheless said they would Cited for hi.s .special efforts on behalf We are not here to compare one suffer­ cide" employed by both governments: feel compelled to advise their students of the conference was Ukrainian Ame­ ing to another except to learn." the perpetration of denial by collabo­ that due to a dearth of visual docu- rican Michael Mowehan, vice-president • •'•'•Also speaking at the opening of the rating governments and other parties; (Continued on page 3) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 No. 52

A GLIMPSE OF SOVIET REALITY Mart Niklus's fate is unknown NEW YORK — The 80-year-old those who have incarcerated him ille­ mother of leading Estonian human and gally," explained Tiit Madisson, former national rights activist Mart Niklus has prisoner of conscience who was recently Soviet newspaper reveals existence notified contacts in the West that she expelled by the Soviets for organizing has had no word from her son since he the August 23 demonstrations in of underground nationalist youth groups was apparently returned to Perm Tallinn, Estonia. "He will never sign Camp 36 in March of 1987. such a fake confession, but will continue by Bohdan Nahaylo more with them. "I don't even know if he is still alive," to demand justice and that the Soviets It should be noted that there is a Elfriede Niklus writes in a letter recent­ comply with their own laws, regulations In an otherwise standard attack on tradition of underground nationalist ly received by the Stockholm-based and Constitution, all of which they Ukrainian nationalism, the newspaper activity in western Ukraine. In the post- Relief Center for Estonian Prisoners of violate with impunity." Kultura i Zhyttia for November 22 Stalin period, after the crushing of Conscience in the USSR. revealed the existence of underground armed nationalist resistance, numerous The Relief Center is demanding to be The Estonian American National informed about Mr. Niklus, Enn nationalist youth groups in western clandestine groups have been un­ Council based in New York noted that Ukraine. Citing two specific examples, covered in the region. Among the best Tarto, and other Estonians held in Amnesty International and other hu­ Soviet prisons, slave labor camps, and the paper expresses concern that some known are the Ukrainian Workers'and man rights and Helsinki monitoring young people in this region take a Peasants'Union, broken up in 1961; the psychiatric institutions. "So far, glas­ groups also have no information as to nost has only made it even more diffi­ sympathetic view of the Ukrainian Ukrainian National Front, uncovered Mr. Niklus' condition or whereabouts. nationalist resistance movement that in 1967; and another organization also cult to obtain concrete, basic informa­ All letters sent to him are being returned tion about prisoners of conscience, fought against Soviet rule in the 1940s called the' Ukrainian National Front to the senders by Soviet authorities. and early 1950s, and are susceptible to that was discovered in 1979. Apart from added Mr. Juriado. "At least an aged No information has come even from mother should be told where her son is." "ideological diversion" from Ukrainian these underground nationalist organi­ underground sources in Soviet-occu­ emigres. zations, there has also been no shortage pied Estonia. Via telephone on Decem­ Mr. Niklus was jailed for protesting The article is written by a certain B. of small secret groups of nationally ber 4, usually well-informed sources in the Molotov-Ribbentrop (Stalin-Hit­ Yefremov, who identifies himself as a minded youths, and cases of young Estonia explained that they did not ler) Pact of 1939 as well as the Soviet stage-artist from Ternopil who is cur­ individuals hoisting blue and yellow have any news about Mr. Niklus. invasion of Afghanistan. He has spent rently touring the oblast with an agit­ flags or carrying out other acts of Mr. Niklus was brought by the half his adult life in Soviet prisons and prop show titled "Under Foreign Ban­ protest. Soviets to his native Estonia briefly this concentration camps. ners" that is designed to discredit This tradition has helped to perpe­ spring in order to extract a confession Ukrainian "bourgeois nationalists." tuate the reputation of western Ukraine or a plea for amnesty from him. When Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were Showing none of the "new thinking" as a bastion of Ukrainian nationalism as he would not comply, he was returned independent parliamentary democra­ and glasnost as regards the recent well as the stereotype of its inhabitants to the Kuchino region. Human rights cies and members of the League of Ukrainian past that is supposed to be as Banderivtsi. experts speculate that he was probably Nations before the Soviet Union for­ the order of the day under the Gorba­ Recently, Sobesednik, the weekly sent to notorious Perm Camp 36. cibly annexed them in 1940. The United chev leadership, he portrays the Ukrai­ supplement of Komsomplskaya Pravda, States and most Western nations consi­ nian nationalist resistance movement as published a forthright letter from a "Niklus is very principled and com­ der this annexation illegal under inter­ having been composed of bloodthirsty western Ukrainian named S. Denesiuk, • pletely unwilling to compromise with national law. bandits and traitors who brought who complained about the persistence nothing but suffering to their compa­ of a disparaging attitude towards inha­ triots. What worries him is that some of bitants of his area of Ukraine. He Baptist freed from psychiatric hospital the younger people in western Ukraine described how on hearing that he was apparently do not share this negative from the Rivne oblast,a Muscovite had WASHINGTON — On December 1, tional (CSI), a Washington group that view of the Bandertivsti, as members of immediately called him a Banderist. Yet just one week prior to General Secretary has been advocating Ms. Chertkova's the Ukrainian nationalist movement are (Continued on page IS) Mikhail Gorbachev's arrival in the release, "She had been undergoing frequently referred to after the name of United States, the Soviet Baptist Anna treatment for what Soviet psychiatrists one of their leaders, Stepan Bandera. Chertkova, imprisoned for the past 14 call, 'sluggish paranoid schizophrenia,' The main thrust of Mr. Yefremov's Ukrainian Catholic years, was released from a Soviet using neuroleptic d rugs; a drag which in article is to warn that Ukrainian "bour­ psychiatric hospital, reported Christian high doses causes harmful side effects. geois nationalism" is not simply a thing challenges KomsomolRespons e International. While detained, she has not been of the past, that its adherents abroad are Ms. Chertkova has been a subject of allowed to correspond with anyone "persistently continuing their work,' " LONDON — A young Ukrainian great concern among religious human besides her mother and her sister. Her and that they have targeted the youth of Catholic has challenged Sobesednik, rights activists in the West. She was food ration was very small." Soviet Ukraine. What bothers him most the weekly supplement to Komsomol- arrested in August 1973 and sentenced In 1980, her Bible, which she ma­ is that some young people in the Terno­ skaya Pravda, to enter into a public in 1974 to an indefinite period in a naged to keep hidden for some years, pil region are evidently receptive to debate about religion in the USSR. Ihor psychiatric hospital and diagnosed as was found and taken from her. Her these "subversive" influences. Mr. Klymenko, a 27-year-old Ukrainian being "criminally insane." doctors said, "This book is an example Yefremov illustrates the danger of what Catholic, claims in an outspoken letter She wascharged with violating article of the very thing we are trying to heal can.happen with two examples of to the editors that he would be "in­ 170-1 of the Kazakh Criminal Code, her of." clandestine nationalist youth groups terested to cross swords with Komso­ "deliberately disseminating wrong and Upon Ms. Chertkova's release, she that have been uncovered, fairly recent­ mol members on the- subject of reli­ libelous information about the Soviet called her sister in West Germany and ly it seems, in the Ternopil oblast. gion," reported the Ukrainian Press state and its social order." Her actual expressed her thanks to all those in the The first involved a student at the Agency based in London. crimes were simply speaking openly West that have prayed and petitioned Chortkiv pedagogical institute whose Although himself a former Komso­ about her religious convictions and for for her release. She also stated that she grandfather had been "punished for mol member, Mr. Klymenko claims distributing Bibles and other religious would like to leave the Soviet Union as contacts with the Organization of that he does not understand why so materials. soon as possible. She feels her freedom Ukrainian Nationalists," and whose many young people join the ranks of the According to Steven Snyder, presi- is limited as long as she remains in the aunt lives in the United States and organization. He remembers well the dent of Christian Solidarity Interna- (Continued on page IS) "regularly sends.him presents of goods meetings at his school and college and that are in short supply." Together with describes his opinion of them in a single three friends, he decided to form "a world as "boring." group for active struggle with the The letter provides an insight into FOUNDED 1933 existing order.' " They had drawn up a how the Ukrainian Catholic Church Ukrainian Weelcli program and a statute, as well as functions in the underground. Liturgy is prepared a draft copy of a membership celebrated in private homes and usually An English-language Ukrainian newspaper published by the Ukrainian National card. Their first "action" was to have consists of singing hymns and listening Association Inc., a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. been the hoisting of a flag with Ukrai­ to Vatican Radio broadcasts. Religious 07302. nian national colors — blue and yellow literature is brought into the country by — over a "government building." tourists and relatives, and is then copied Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302. (ISSN - 0273-9348) The other was made up of a group of by hand and passed on to others. young people from Zbarazh, "almost all Mr. Klymenko asserts his faith by of whom had higher education." They saying that he would be prepared to die Yearly subscription rate: $8; forJJNA members — J5. , decided to disseminate "anti-Soviet" for it and believes that many others like Also published by the UNA Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. leaflets, and for this purpose had , him would do the same. He asks how r The Weekly and Svoboda. - UNA: prepared "texts," and had collected many members of the Komsomol are (201) 434-0237.-0807, -303€ addressed and printing type. From the likewise devoted to the ideals of their 1201)451-2200 few details that Mr. Yefremov provides organization. He ends his letter by Postmaster, send address about these two groups it appears that stating "your silence on this subject will changes to: Editor Roma Hadzewyei they were both nipped in the bud, as it be treated as a defeat and as an attempt Tire Ukrainian Weekly Assistant Editor. Chrystyna N. Upychak were, and that their founders were let at evading the truth." P.O. Box 346 Midwest Correspondent Marianna Liss off with an official warning. Mr. Yefre­ Surprisingly, Sobesednik printed the Jersey City. N.J. 07303 mov concludes by saying that more letter and.invited readers to take up the should be done to protect youth from offer. It poses the question of how The Ukrainian Weekly, December 27,1987, No. 52, Vol. LV "bourgeois nationalist"influences, atheistic propaganda should be taught Copyright 1987 by The Ukrainian Weekly especially by discussing this problem today in Soviet schools. No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 3

upon in preparing the new study unit. lead the teachers through classroom places the Ukrainian famine in the over­ Teacher's... At the close of the day's session, exercises that would assist them in all framework of genocide. It allows you (Continued from page 1) teachers were able to pick up the bringing the momentousness of a topic to teach the famine in many contexts, mentation from the 1932-33 period, Chicago curriculum package, which Dr. such as a famine to a class of mostly not only as a part of European history, part of the historical film footage shown Kuropas had authorized for distribu­ happy-go-lucky, well-fed American but as a part of contemporary issues in the film derives from the Ukrainian tion, and copies of which had been youngsters. such as human rights." famine of 1921. provided courtesy of the Ukrainian It was also announced that Dr. Mace Mr. Krupa also feels that the fact that National Association. would be at Conard High School the the Ukrainian famine issue is presented AHRU's information table next day and be videotaped interacting by non-Ukrainians, such as Dr. Robert ' Hands-on workshop with students using the study unit. The Conquest, Dr. Mace and others, is an Carrying out the human rights theme video would than become part of the advantage because then "no one can say that pervaded this conference, an infor­ The study unit used at the conference study unit on the famine. that it comes from a bias. It's a soft sell mation table in the conference hall was prepared by Eve Soumerai, a approach." prepared by the Hartford branch of human rights consultant and teacher at Teachers' response Ukrainian American community Americans for Human Rights in U- Conard High School in West Hartford. members present at the conference kraine revealed that human rights of It was edited by a Ukrainian American The teachers participating in the reflected all ages and professions, Ukrainians in the Soviet Union are educator. Dr. Joan Kerelejza, who is conference said they were enthusiastic teachers in unrelated fields, business- being violated to this day. Teachers director of staff and curriculum deve­ about the material presented and many persons, academics, clergy, community viewed the exhibit which included not lopment at the West Hartford Public planned to incorporate it into their activists and senior citizens. Most came only books on the Ukrainian famine, Schools, and who, as Dr. Nussbaum classes. because of feelings of obligation or but also pamphlets about the outlawed described it, "put her heart and soul into Herbert J. Kreitner, chairman of the curiosity. Ukrainian Helsinki Group, fliers about it." . social studies department at New Bri­ Gary Prestash of Old Saybrook, a individual Ukrainian prisoners of con­ Ms. Soumerai, a survivor of the tain High School called it "an excellent technical specialist employed by the science, and a display of exquisite Jewish Holocaust in which her entire seminar, and. a welcome addition to federal government, when asked why he embroideries produced by women poli­ family perished, was the principal information on genocides of different was at the conference, responded: "i tical prisoners in the Soviet gulag. author of the Connecticut's current nationality groups, many of which have believe in supporting a Ukrainian issue The committee of AHRU members teachers' resource guide on human been ignored to date, and some which like this. If Ukrainians don't support it, who prepared the exhibit and who rights. are still being ignored." who will? What would a civil rights worked with Dr. Nussbaum in helping When asked by this writer about her Diana Green, who teaches ninth march be without the participation of to organize the conference included motivation for becoming interested in grade Russian history and government blacks? Or a conference on the Jewish Sonia Melnyk, Lana Babij, Alicia the Ukrainian famine'issue, Ms. Sou­ at the Norwich Free Academy, felt that holocaust without the participation of Kerel and AHRU branch president merai responded: "1 can imagine being the conference had enriched her know­ Jews?" Julie Nesteruk. Ukrainian and not having my story ledge of an important period of history. Mr. Prestash, who was born in the told. I think it would be a very frustra­ "I had taught my students about collec­ U.S., heard about the conference through his parish, St. Mary's Ukrai­ State human rights guide ting thing... Six million people died. tivization and dekulakization in the Even though you can learn from other 1930s, but it's only now that I under­ nian Orthodox Church in New Britain, where Dr. Kerelejza is also a pa­ Following a buffet luncheon, the genocides, it is an experience that needs stand how the Ukrainian nationality rishioner, and whose Cultural Organi­ program resumed with remarks by to be told." issue fits into the topic, and how that zation funded the printing of the confe­ Daniel W. Gregg, social studies consul­ issue continues to this day." She plans rence curriculum covers. tant for the Connecticut State Depart­ Human rights literacy to incorporate some of the curriculum ment of Education, which co-sponsored package materials and the film"Harves t Roma Hayda, a community activist the conference. Mr. Gregg's remarks In a thoughtful introduction to the of Despair" into her lesson plans in the from Bridgeport, was pleased with the were of special interest, since it was to afternoon workshop, Lorraine Waido, future. conference in terms of "the program, '. hirbvthat Ukrainian, American indivi­ supervisor of the English Department at Ken Crawford, who has taught Rus­ the context, the presentation and parti­ duals and organizations had expressed the Windsor School District, stressed sian and East European history for 35 cipation." However she wasdisappoint- their concern and dismay last spring that "human rights literacy" should not years, said "this was the first confe­ ed that more Ukrainian American over the absence of material on the be considered an "add-on" to an already rence 1 ever attended that hada passion educators did not attend. Ukrainian- famine in Connecticut's overburdened teaching program, but a to it, where people cared, and wore their "It's vital for them to follow up on this recently released human rights resource "basic." She also called for a fresh heart and feelings on their sleeve." issue to make sure that the Ukrainian guide. Wled "Human Rights: The teaching methodology as represented He was referring to Ukrainian Ameri­ famine is properly represented in future Struggle-for Freedom, Dignity and by the "cooperative teaching/learning can teachers and non-teachers in the editions of the Connecticut Education Equality" (1987). The study of human program," which tries to counter the audience, including several clergymen Department's resource guide on human rights is optional in Connecticut's passivity, emotional neutrality and of both denominations, whohad asked rights," she added. schools. "teacher talk" that characterizes a great questions, made points, or shared When, after the conference. Dr. Mace deal of the American educational sy­ personal experiences of the famine was asked for an assessment of the day's At a public meeting called by the event, he commented that he felt that Hartford branch of Americans for stem. during the discussion periods. Ms. Soumerai took the floor to Mr. Crawford teaches at a private "too often, the Ukrainian and Jewish Human-Rights in Ukraine(AHRU)iast communities dont work together. A April, Mr. Gregg had committed the present the Ukrainian famine study school — the Hopkins Grammar Day unit. The goal, she said, is not simply to School (grades 7 to 12) in Prospect Hill, conference like this is good for both Connecticut State Department of Edu­ groups." He also said that "Jewish cation to the inclusion of a Ukrainian convey the historical content, but to New Haven. "I'm sorry there aren't personalize the Ukrainian famine infor­ more private school teachers here scholars have been in the forefront of famine study unit in the next edition of genocide studies, and in his experience the state's human rights guide, to be mation for each student, enabling the today," he commented. student to empathize with the expe­ "they have been especially receptive to revised in 1992. the issue of the Ukrainian famine." As a short-range measure, he had rience of victims, and helping students The Ukrainian perspective offered then to distribute any existing to raise philosophical and moral ques­ Ukrainian famine curriculum materials tions about genocide. Out of all the teachers present, Intergroup dialogue to high school social studies depart­ Ms. Soumerai asked fora demonstra­ only a handful were Ukrainian Ameri­ ments across Connecticut which had tion of the teaching method from Ruth cans. They, too, had a positive response As for Dr. Nussbaum, he pointed out received the human rights guide. A Cion, a teacher at Conard High School to the conference. Borys Krupa, a that the spirit of constructive dialogue is group from AHRU had subsequently who was utilizing the study unit in her history teacher at Avon High School part of the mandate of the National met with Mr. Gregg, proposing and class that week. Ms. Cioh proceeded to near Hartford, felt that "this curriculum Council of Christians and Jews, a providing copies of Dr. Myron Kuro- human relations organization founded pas's curriculum package for distribu­ in 1927 with a goal of eradicating tion. That package had originally been religious, racial and ethnic prejudice developed fora teacher's institute on the and discrimination. NCCJ's current Ukrainian famine held in Chicago in program calls for creating closer ties 1986 . between Jewish and East European communities in the U.S. At the Hartford conference, Mr. Dr. Nussbaum commented that he Gregg reaffirmed the commitment of has noticed a great deal of "highs and the Department of Education to the lows" in Ukrainian-Jewish relations as Ukrainian famine issue, and spoke of reflected on the pages of The Ukrainian the state's human rights guide as "an Weekly. He expressed the hope that this unfinished document," continually conference would contribute to creating evolving as more groups bring their one of the "highs," and that additional concerns to the department's attention. positive Jewish-Ukrainian cooperative Following Mr. Gregg's remarks, a efforts might take place. lively hands-on workshop session en­ NCCJ's future plans regarding the sued, in which a newly developed Ukrai­ Ukrainian famine issue are for informal nian famine study unit was utilized. As follow-up sessions with teachers who had been pointed out earlier by Dr. Nuss­ have used the Ukrainian terror-famine baum, this study unit is a supplement to study unit, refinement of the curriculum the Ukrainian famine curriculum de­ package, the creation of a "human veloped by Dr. Kuropas in Chicago, rights literacy network," and tentative and the New York State Education De­ plans for a similar teachers'conference partment's resource guide on the Ukrai­ to be held next spring in Massachusetts. nian famine, both of which were relied Eve Soumerai and Dr. David Nussbaum at the teachers' conference on the famine. 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. DECEMBER 27,1987 No. 52 Collaboration in the suppression of the Ukrainian famine The paper be to w was delivered by Dr. brought to a single point and placed became third secretary, was also given reliable and timely intelligence was the James Mace at a conference on "Re­ under state control, the state could the Dnipropetrovske obkom, and Ev- Russian affairs section at the U.S. cognition and Denial of Genocide and dispose of it as it pleased. Obligations to genii Veger, a Central Committee .Legation in Riga. Latvia, which had Mass Killing in the 20th Century"held the state, as the state determined them, functionary from Moscow, was ap­ monitored the Soviet Union since its in New York on November 13. and to the collective farm administra­ pointed to head the Odessa obkom. establishment in 1922. tion had to be completely fulfilled With Akulov retaining the Donbas, As early as 1931, the excessive seizure of agricultural produce had led to by Dr. James £. Mace before any produce whatsoever was Stalin controlled through his new 1 PARTI distributed to those who had produced appointees two of the three secretaries localized outbreaks of famine in U- it. If the harvest fell short or merely of the Ukrainian Central Committee kraine. An early indication of the In 1932 and 1933 an artifically created equalled the amount demanded, for and four of Ukraine's six obkoms (not hardships wrought by the Soviet state, famine made the Ukrainian SSR, the other obligations, the peasants received counting the small Moldavian ASSR). the number of refugees fleeing to contiguous and largely Ukrainian North nothing, and thorough searches were In addition, Postyshev brought with Poland and Rumania, was duly report­ Caucasus Territory to its east, and the made of members' homes for anything him thousands.of clients which in ed to the State Department. Surprising­ largely German and Tatar regions of the which might make up for the shortfall. succeeding months took over respon­ ly, in 1931 two letters, addressed in Volga Basin, in the words of Robert Even if a given collective met its quota. sible posts throughout the Ukrainian English to the "Department at the City Conquest, "like one vast Belsen. A it was often assigned a supplementary SSR, including the top party and stale at Washington, the District of Colum­ quarter of the rural population, men. quota to make up for others that had posts in about half of all Ukraine's bia," arrived in Washington from women and children, lay dead or dying, not. raions. .Zhashkiv. now a raion center in Cher­ the rest in various stage-, of debilitation Those remaining outside the collec­ Everything that happened subse­ kassy oblast. Ukrainian SSR. The with no strength to bury their families or tive farms also had "firm tasks' and quently could only have happened letters were delivered to the Commis­ neighbors. At the iame time (as at household quotas, and they too were under Stalin's ditect mandate. In the sioners ot the District of Columbia and Belsen). well-fed squads of police or assigned "supplementary tasks." Their late winter and spring of 1933 efforts to forwarded toState. Kelley described the party officials supervised the victims." houses and gardens were similarly seize food -from the starvng were first letter as "apparently written from In the Soviet case, the enemy was searched: In the early, 1930s the state ordered intensified In succeeding Russia, with regard to alleged condi­ defined in. terms of social class rather thus took complete control of all crops months the autonomist winy of the tions in Russia." To the -.econd he than nationality, race' orVe!Vgion.% y^awrj and wasjna position to seize any CP(b)U.-led .b\ Lkra:ma;> hdueatiun responded similarly, it aiso concerned Howe\er. the Communist. Fart\ held oxgall of them. Thus Stalin had the Comrnissar Mykola Skrypnyk, was "alleged conditions,' but "in the U- kraine." itselt up as the embodiment of the class power to starve the actui!.producers of thoroughly - purged.- -:T f. ^ ~r -,-- - consciousness of the proletariat:, any­ foodstuffs, and in 1932 ne made use of • 'With -Skrypriyic himself committing Reports of conversations between thing it sanctioned was by definition !t- - , »- suicide in July. Ukrainizationbecarne-a U.S. diplomats and those who had proletarian, and anything it found dead tetter, and virtually everything traveled to the USSR also provided inconvenient was by defmttidn'ihfected After the 1932 harvest; the Ukrainian information about the rapid impove- party organization went over to a associated with the nationaljevivat of with hostile class content. Its ideology the preceding-kJecade was-banned. rishmentofthe populations of Ukraine classified "nationalism,"^distinct virtual war footing, in "the struggle for and the North Caucasus. Through this bread." Officials found wanting were Ukrainian arts' amdletters-wercvirtuaily from the party-sanctioned Russbcentric banhetf for a generation; UkFainization type of information the" State Depart­ w replace^, including a quarter of'U- "Soviet patriotism," as bour'geois gave waytV Russification. All this ment received clear warning signals. On nationalism," that is, a form of bour­ kraine's494raion.government heads by October 77,1932, Riga sentamemoran- October.1. Entire.oblasts were censured together could only mean an attempt to geois ideology. This allowed Stalinism destroy any hint of Ukrainian cultural dum of a conversation with Prof. to imbue class categories with national for "temporizing^" in the struggle."As the Samuel Harper, who had just spent two situation worsened, various appeals or political self-assertion as part of a content. According to Stalin, the social deliberate policy calculated to neutra­ months in the Soviet Union and re­ were made to Stalin, who dismissed ! basis of nationalism was the peasantry. lize the Ukrainians as a political factor turned with d&ufttrig ^^*^1fcoa' them. Stalin responded in October 1932 situation has become WryP se'Kbift'yml Soviet ideology also posited the by "strengthening" the Ukrainian party and social entity, in other words, division of the peasantry into bourgeois genocide. may become catastrophic in a year from organization through the appointment now if no improvement takes place. and proletarian strata, which were of Mendel Khataevich and Ivan Akulov never precisely defined, and thus, at The famine, accompanied by a broad Worst of all is the situation in the to the Ukrainian leadership. Khatae­ campaign against every manifestation Ukraine which last year has been milked Stalin's discretion, any segment of the vich, who had won a reputation for peasantry-could at any given moment be of Ukrainian self-assertion, dealt a body dry by the excessive government grain brutality in combatting "kulak sabo­ blow to the basic constituency of procurements." declared either proletarian and worthy tage" in the Middle Volga Territory, of survival or bourgeois and worthy of Ukrainian national identity, starving to became second secretary of the Com­ death millions of Ukrainian peasants. Information on Soviet nationality "liquidation."Those whose relative munist Party (bolshevik) of Ukraine. wealth did not qualify them as class As with the Holocaust and the Arme­ policy usually came second hand. Akulov, hitherto first deputy of the nian massacres, the exact number of Poland, which fought a war with the enemies could easily be classified as OGPU (secret police), became head of "agents" of the class enemies. victims can only be estimated. But we Soviets in 1920 and had its own restive the Donbas obkom. know that the 1926 Soviet census The New Economic Policy, beginning Ukrainian minority, always kept an counted 31.2 million Ukrainians and in 1921 and ending somewhere between Any difficulty in seizing the grain was especially close eye on developments to that the probably inflated census of 1927 and the end of 1929, was basically blamed on the ubiquitous class enemies its east. 1939 counted only 28.1 million, an a series of concessions to the peasant. in the countryside, the kulaks, and their On November 14, 1932, the U.S. Em­ absolute decline of 3.1 million or 10 From 1923, NEP was accompanied by a "agents," surviving supporters of Pet- bassy in Warsaw sent Washington a percent. Once probable population policy of concessions to non-Russians liura and Makhno. At the same time, a translation of an analysis of Soviet agri­ growth for the period is considered, the known as indigenization. Since in 1926 new enemy was added, the "tightwads" culture prepare by the Polish Consul in probable number of victims is in the about three-eighths of the Soviet Unions (tverdozdavtsi). By December 13 more Kiev. Obtained by the Americans through range of 5 to 7 million, more probably non-Russians were Ukrainians and the than one-fifth of Ukraine's raions were a "strictly confidential source," it indi­ closer to the higher end of this range latter outnumbered the next largest "blacklisted," that is, placed under cated that during July, August and than to the lower. non-Russian group by about 6.5 to complete economic blockade and tho­ September, Ukraine had achieved only I, the nationality problem was to a roughly purged of "class enemies." In The U.S. government knew a great 28.6 percent of its annual grain procure­ great extent a Ukrainian problem. It is December, arrests began of local offi­ deal about the man-made famine of ments plan and that any expectation of thus hardly surprising that the Ukrai­ cials found wanting in the struggle for 1932-1933 in Ukraine and chose not to there being sufficient grain to meet the nian version of indigenization, Ukraini- bread, and in one raion the entire acknowledge what it knew or to re­ demands set by Moscow were unrealis­ zation, went much farther than its leadership was arrested. spond in any meaningful way. Some tic. Local officials and press adopted a counterparts elsewhere in the USSR. The starving were left to their fate and members of the American press corps "tone of depression" at "the really bad all traffic between Ukraine and areas also knew a great deal which they chose state of affairs" in the Ukrainian coun­ The forced collectivization of agricul­ tryside. ture was actually a war in which the immediately to the north was closely not to report and, in some cases, regime forced the peasantry, much controlled. They were not allowed to actively denied in public what they The next day. Skinner sent State its against its will, into state-controlled travel to Russia where food was avai­ confirmed in private. This constituted first report that the famine had begun: estates from which the authorities could lable, though some managed to do so by collaboration the perpetrator's denial of "While the Moscow press is silent on seize more produce more easily. By the stealth. Nor were these lucky ones genocide. the subject of food shortage in Russia, end of 1931 in Ukraine, the state had allowed to return with any food they Even lacking a diplomatic presence in other sources of information indicate won its war. Seven-tenths of the pea­ might have purchased; it was confis­ the USSR, the State Department moni­ that the new harvest has failed to sants had been forced to "sign up" for cated at the Russo-Ukrainian border. tored Soviet developments through alleviate to any appreciable extent the collective farms, comprising four-fifths Stalin took advantage of the famine both the official Soviet press and a acute insufficiency of supply which of all arable farmland in the Ukrainian created by his policies to withdraw the variety of other sources. Especially existed in 1931. The German specialist SSR. At the same time, grain seizures concessions earlier made to the Ukrai­ closely followed were issues dealing on Russian agriculture, Otto Auhagcn, had wiped out reserves from previous nians. On December 14, 1932, he with grain production because of direct writing in the generally well-informed years and led to localized outbreaks of ordered a halt to the "mechanistic" competition between American and Berlin Osteuropa for August 1932, goes famine. Moscow's representatives were implementation of Ukrainization and Soviet wheat exports on the world as far as to describe the situation in rural warned of the situation as early as July the initiation of a campaign "to disperse market. Less notice was taken of deve­ districts of the Ukraine...as *famine in 1932. Petliurists and other bourgeois na­ lopments in nationality policy, but here the full sense of the word.* " The essence of collectivization was tionalist elements from the party and too information was certainly available. Reports continued to confirm the the replacement of individual farms by Soviet organizations" in Ukraine. On Robert F. Kelley, chief of the State worsening situation. At the end of large collective farms in which the January 24, 1933, Stalin took direct Department's Division of Eastern Eu­ November, Kendall Foss of the Hearst agricultural population planted and control of the Ukrainian party organi­ ropean Affairs from 1926 until its Press confirmed to the Berlin consulate harvested as a group. The latter was zation by appointing Pavel Postyshev abolition in 1937, oversaw research and that the food situation was steadily particularly important; since the entire second secretary and head of the Khar- processed intelligence on the USSR. worsening "and in some villages people harvest of a "given collective farm was kiv obkom. Khataevich, who now The .single, most important post for (Continued on page 14)

•'^•?.U No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1SS7

1987: A LOOK BACK

denko, who were freed from exile in Revolution, which in a six-month Human rights and glasnost in USSR the Gorno-Altayskaya autonomous period was to have affected half of region in mid-May. A poet, co- the some 580 political prisoners in the.new era of glasnost in the The year 1987 was by all descrip­ founder and leader of the Ukrainian known to have been incarcerated in Soviet Union. tions the year that "glasnost" and Helsinki Monitoring Group, Mr. June. "perestroika," the Russian words for Among the 130 or so released as a Rudenko and his spouse, Raisa, openness and restructuring, ex­ result of the pardons in February The Presidium of the USSR Su­ were serving terms for "anti-Soviet preme Soviet on June 18 published ploded into world consciousness as were such well-known figures as agitation and propaganda." well as into our daily vocabulary. As losif Begun, a leader in the Jewish a decree, which listed categories of Only two political prisoners, in­ political prisoners set to be released the centerpiece in Soviet leader emigration movement, and dissi­ cluding one Ukrainian, of the 19 who Mikhail Gorbachev's campaign to dent psychiatrist Dr. Anatoly Korya- or their sentences reduced. were serving harsh sentences in the In reality the amnesty has affected revitalize a stagnating society and gin, who emigrated with his family to notorious special-regimen labor economy, glasnost and perestroika Switzerland in late April. over 100 lesser-known political camp No. 36-1 at Perm were released prisoners. The latest total figure of also served to rejuvenate human Also freed were Sergei Khodoro- before completing their terms. known political prisoners was pub­ and national rights activity in the vich of the Russian Social Fund to Mykhailo Horyn, a Ukrainian na­ lished in the November 15 issue of USSR and stirred up the human Aid Soviet Political Prisoners and tional rights advocate from the USSR News Brief, which listed over rights community in the West, much their Families, who also emigrated western Ukrainian city of Lviv, was 450 names. to the general secretary's distaste. in April, and Moscow Helsinki Moni­ freed on July 3, two weeks after tors Ivan Kovalyov and Tatiana A number of former Soviet politi­ In 1987 we witnessed glasnost in the June 25 release of Moscow cal prisoners and famous Jewish action, both in its implementation as Osipova, who left the USSR, also in dissident.Leonid Borodin from April, for a new life in the West. refuseniks were permitted to emi­ a policy facing internal conservative Camp 36-1 at Kuchino in the Perm grate during 1987. Moscow literary critic Sergei Gri- opposition and as an effective pro­ region. The 72-year-old Mr. Shumuk, paganda tool abroad. goryants and journalist Lev Timo- Lithuanian literary historian Vik- feyev were both released in Fe­ freed in January, emigrated to Ca­ Among the biggest news this year toras Petkus, a member of the Lithu­ nada on May 23, when he was re­ was the fate of the some 650 known bruary and later emerged in the anian and Ukrainian Helsinki forefront of a movement set up by united with his nephew, Ivan Shu­ prisoners of conscience that were groups, was transferred into exile muk of Vernon, B.C., whose decade- incarcerated in Soviet penal institu­ themselves and dissidents from all after completing his labor camp parts of the Soviet Union to test the old effort to free his uncle and bring tions in the beginning of 1987. term at Perm camp No. 36-1 in him to Canada finally succeeded. In early and mid-February, the limits of glasnost. August. A Russian Orthodox priest, the The 44-year-old Mr. Terelia. foun­ Soviets announced twc limited am­ Ukrainian Helsinki Group found­ der of the Initiative Group for the nesties by two separate decrees of Rev. Gleb Yakunin, was freed from ing member Lev Lukianenko was exile and was, to the surprise of Defense of the Rights of Believers the Presidium of the Supreme So­ due to be sent into exile when his and the Church in Ukraine who was viet on February 2 and 9, respective­ many, fully reinstated on May 12 as a labor camp term expired on Decem­ priest by the Russian Orthodox freed In February, also emigrated ly, that were to free a total of 280 ber 12, but the dissident attorney's from his formerhometown of Dovhe, political and religious prisoners.' Church, after 21 years without the current whereabouts are unknown. right to serve in that capacity. He, in Transcarpathia, to Canada with' The prisoners affected were main­ He also was incarcerated in Perm his wife, Olena, and three small ly, those sentenced for "anti-Soviet too, has re-emerged in the forefront camp No. 36-1 for 10 years. of the struggle for religious rights in children on September 30. agitation and propaganda" under There are 16 prisoners left in that The Rudenkos arrived on Decem­ Article 70 of the RSFSR Criminal the Soviet Union, as has another death camp, 10 are Ukrainian. religious activist and dissident, ber 13 in West Germany for medical Code, and most of them had to draft Three Ukrainian dissidents com­ treatment with intentions of remain­ or sign some kind of statement Alexander Ogorodnikov, freed in pleted exile terms in 1987 and either February, who in July began pub­ ing in the West promising to refrain from further returned to their homes in Ukraine Ukrainian Baptist dissident "anti^Soviet" activity. lishing an unofficial journal of reli­ or emigrated. Danylo Shumuk fi­ gious dissent in Moscow. Mykhaylo Kopot, 26, emigrated Soviet Foreign Ministry spokes­ nished his five-year exile term in from Lviv to the United States with man Gennadi Gerasimov announced The Ukrainians freed under the Karatobe in the Kazakh SSR on his parents on October 2. Thefamily on February 10 that the pardons two limited amnesties in February January 12. A veteran political pri­ has settled in Chicago. were issued as part of a review of the were: Ukrainian Catholic lay activist soner, Mr. Shumuk spent some 40 Leading Jewish activist Ida Nudel Criminal Code that was being Yosyp Terelia, Ukrainian nationalist years in German, Polish and Soviet was permitted to emigrate to Israel carried out "so that we may have Zorian Popadiuk, Pentecostals Vasyl incarceration for political activity. in October, as was Jewish refusenik fewer people behind bars and be­ and Halyna Barats, Ukrainian Hel­ Ukrainian national rights activist Vladimir Slepak. hind barbed wire." sinki monitor Myroslav Marynovych, Ivan Hel completed an exile term in The 21-year-old former leader of The group release, which in rea­ onetime editor of the samvydav the Komi ASSR in mid-January and the Latvian Helsinki '86 group, lity resembled a figure of less than Ukrainian Herald Oieksander Shev- returned to his hometown of Lviv. Rolands Silaraups, was expelled half of the 280 releases promised, chenko, another Herald editor Vitaliy The dissident spent the last 15 years from Latvia on July 25 and has was nevertheless the largest since Shevchenko, Ukrainian rights acti­ in labor camp and exile for dissemi­ settled in the United States. Two 1953. when, after the death of vist Stepan Khmara, Vasyl Fedc- nating samvydav literature. other Baltic activists, Tiit Madisson, Joseph Stalin, Nikita S. Krushchev renko, Mykola Ihnatenko, Valeriy Ukrainian Helsinki monitor Ok- 37, and Vytautas Skuodis, 58, were freed hundreds of thousands of Ostrenko, Vasyl Ploskonis, Valentin sana Popovych was freed after com­ expelled from Estonia and Lithuania, political prisoners. Pohorily, Roman Catholic activist pleting a five-year exile term in the respectively, in September. All three Many of those freed under the two Sofia Belyak and Baptist activist Tomsk region and returned to her Baits had served sentences for amnesties, the rights activists of the Ulyana Germaniuk, who died of home'in Ivano-Frankivske in western national rights activity. 1970s and'early 1980s, emerged as cancer on July 3. Ukraine. major figures in the news, as they Several Ukrainian political priso­ The Soviet government in mid- Glasnost both stirred up and either emigrated to the West or ners were released before their June declared another limited am­ revealed unprecedented mass de­ became leaders in a renewed move­ terms expired by individual pardon, nesty, this time to mark the 70th monstrations of nationalist senti­ ment for human and national rights including Mykola and Raisa Ru- anniversary of the October Socialist ment, beginning actually in Decem­ ber 1986 with youth riots in Alma- Ata, in the Kazakh SSR, upon the replacement of the Kazakh party chief with a Russian supporter of Mr. Gorbachev's policies. The need on the part of the Soviet government to take a serious look at the nationalities issue was demon­ strated in 1987 by mass protests in Alma-Ata. Moscow and the Baltic states, by the formation of numerous unofficial groups throughout 'he country concerned with national culture and by calls for reform :t\ thp nationalities policy by well-knowi' writers and educators in Ukraine and Byelorussia. A new wave of protests by 'ht; Crimean Tatars calling for restora­ tion of their ancestral homel >d began in April when the Crimean Tatars in exile chose representatives for negotiations with Soviet If "ler Mikhail Gorbachev. The high nt Three men who emerged' at the forefront of a renewed goryants, Ukrainian Herald editor Vyacheslav Chornovil of the protests was demonstrations movement for human, national and cultural rights in the no a leader of the Ukrainian Culturological Club. Leonid in Red Square in Moscow that at­ USSR in 1987. From left: Glasnost editor Sergei Gri- Milyavsky. tracted some 500 protesters in mid- 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 No. 52

1987: A LOOK BACK "

July. These protests weresupported or action was put forth by the re­ ment of Ukrainian culture outside Human Rights in Ukraine, attended by several well-known Soviet publics' party leaders to make real Ukraine's official cultural structure. the seminar. writers, among them Bulat Okud- the.recommendations made by the This second informal group to have Other Ukrainian would-be partici­ zhava. Vladimir Dudintsev and Yev­ intellectuals. been formed in Ukraine by Ukrai­ pants and organizers of the planned geny Yevtushenko. A number of unofficial self-pub­ nian dissidents concerned with session on nationalities were not so The authorities entered into nego­ lished publications popped up all injecting glasnost into Ukraine's fortunate, however. Messrs. Chor­ tiations with representatives of the over the USSR in 1987, addressing a cultural and public life, was appa­ novil, Horyn and Hel, and an Arme­ Crimean Tatars several times, trying variety of social, economic, politi­ rently founded sometime in early nian dissident, Paruir Airikian, were to persuade them to stop the de­ cal, cultural and ecological issues October. detained on alleged drug charges en monstrations and leave Moscow. In and aiming to test the limits of The membership includes former route to the seminar on Decembers. a meeting with Soviet president glasnost. political prisoners: poet Ihor Kaly- They were later freed, but forbidden Andrei Gromyko, the Tatars were The first and best-known samizdat nets, writer and poet Mykhailo to leave Lviv, while Mr. Airikian was informed of the creation of a State publication arose in Moscow in Osadchy, poet Mykola Rudenko put on a flight back to Armenia. Commission for Solving the. Cri­ early June, when the first issue of (now in the West), literary critic It appears that the newly formed mean Tatar Question, headed by Mr. Glasnost appeared. Sergei Gri- Yevhen Sverstiuk, literary critic Ivan discussion groups and publications Gromyko. In its first report, issued goryants, a 46-year-old Moscow Svitlychny, poet Iryna Senyk and that arose as a result of glasnost on October 15, the commission literary critic, became editor and Mr. Chornovil. Others include: art have managed to take it to its limits. urged improved cultural life for was joined by Lev Timofeyev and historian Vasyl Barladianu, psycho­ In the past several months attacks Crimean Tatars, but rejected claims Larysa Bogoraz, the widow of Ana- logist Mr. Horyn artist Panas have appeared in the official press that they have a right to live in their toly Marchenko. The first four issues Zalyvakha, poet Iryna Kalynets, against the editors of Glasnost, the former Crimean homeland. J . " of Glasnost have been translated literary critic Mykhailyna Kotsiu- Ukrainian Herald, and the organi­ Nationalism in the Baltic repub­ into English by the Center for De­ bynska, journalist Pavlo Skochok zers of the Ukrainian Culturological lics, particularly in Latvia, was mani­ mocracy in New York. . and artist Stefaniya Shabatura. Club and the human rights seminar fested in massive demonstrations In July, Messrs. Grigoryants and In order to test the intentions of in Moscow. Far worse have been the and protests throughout 1987. Timofeyev also formed a new dis­ the Soviet authorities to host an incidents of harassment, including A group of Latvian national rights cussion group, based in Moscow, unofficial Helsinki conference on the detention of the four men in Lviv activists formed a new Helsinki called Press Club Glasnost, con­ humanitarian affairs next year, as on December 8 and the detention of watch group, called Helsinki 86, in sisting of former political prisoners they proposed before the Vienna the editors of Glasnost earlier this the city of Liepaja in July 1986, it was and representatives of numerous Helsinki review conference still in fall. Others have been harassed by learned in January. Two of the independent groups from all parts of session, the leaders of Press Club local authorities, as well. group's founders, Linards Grantins the USSR. Glasnost hosted an informal inter­ If these incidents are any clue, and Raimonds Bitenieks, were ar­ At a press conference of the Press national seminar on humanitarian perhaps we have reached the limits rested in August 1986 for their Club Glasnost on September 8 the affairs in Moscow, beginning on of glasnost and perestroika, and can activity. decision to re-launch a Ukrainian Human Rights Day, December 10. only wait and see if the achieve­ Mass protests, however, began in samvydav publication, the Ukrai­ The seminar managed to draw 400 ments reached by the renewed hu­ December 1986, when some 300 nian Herald, with Ukrainian journa­ participants, including representa­ man and national rights movements Latvian youths held a demonstra­ list and former political prisoner tives of human rights watch groups in Ukraine, and in the USSR in tion on December 27 in front of the Vyacheslav Chornovil as it editor, in the West, despite official harass­ general, will be permanent or will Latvian Monument to Freedom, was announced. The first issue of ment and threats. Bozhena Olsha- disintegrate again as happened in shouting slogans such as, "Down the Ukrainian Herald, a journal niwsky, president of Americans for the early 1980s. with Soviet Russia! Freedom in a published by Mr. Chornovil in the Free Latvia!" early 1970s before his arrest, ap­ An open-air art festival in Riga on peared as Issue No. 7 in October. Chornobyl revisited The Herald, which is published in Easter Sunday, April 19, turned into The United States said on Ja­ Lviv, is meant to serve as a mouth­ recently freed poet Irina Ratushin- a major demonstration when nearly nuary 29 that it was safe for Ameri­ piece for independent Ukrainian skaya, said that some 15,000 per­ 500 Latvian youths surrounded a cans to visit Kiev, which is just south thought in Ukraine. sons died in two Kiev hospitals from militia car and forced the release of of the Chornobyl power plant in radiation poisoning during the five- two youths who had been arrested, The 51-year-old Mr. Chornovil Prypiat, where the world's worst month period after the Chornobyl and later took their protest into the and four other former political pri­ nuclear accident occurred on April accident. He added that Soviet streets. soners and national rights activists 26, 1986. The U.S. Energy Depart­ authorities had deliberately covered Some 3,000 people gathered at in Ukraine also formed an Initiative ment had sent a team of three scien­ up the deaths by recording their the Latvian Monument of Freedom Group for the Release of Ukrainian tists equipped with sophisticated illnesses as other than radiation on June 14 to honor the Baltic Prisoners of Conscience in Ukraine instruments to assess radiation sickness and then noting after they victims of Soviet mass deportations, on October 3. The founding mem­ levels in the Ukrainian capital. The died that they had undergone and to protest Russification policies bers, which include Vasyl Barla- team, which also included U.S. treatment and did not require further and the continued incarceration of dianu, Ivan Hel, Mykhailo Horyn consul-designate to Kiev William treatment. Baltic dissidents. The peaceful and Zorian Popadiuk, asserted in Courtney and two officers from the However, Cronid Lubarsky, editor ceremony, organized by Helsinki 86, their October 3 statement that the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, had tra­ of USSR News Brief, and Dr. Vladi­ attracted leading Latvian, Estonian continued incarceration of priso­ veled to Kiev in October of 1986. The mir Malinkovich, a member of the and Lithuanian nationalists and ners of conscience in the USSR con- January 29 announcement rescind­ Ukrainian Helsinki Group, refuted former political prisoners. tradicted "those democratic ed an earlier earning issued in the Mr. Gerashchenko's statements in a In mass public demonstrations in changes that have been initiated in aftermath of the Chornobyl disaster letter they sent to the press on April the Baltic capitals, Riga, Latvia, the country." advising U.S. citizens not to travel to 3. They called his testimony "irres­ Vilnius, Lithuania, and Tallinn, The new group was the first such Kiev. ponsible" and said it "has no corres­ Estonia, oyer 6,000 Baits protested organization set up in Ukraine since In February, doctors reported that pondence with reality." the 1939 Nazi-Soviet agreement that the decimation of the Ukrainian infants born in the past few But, other reports emanating from led to the Soviet takeover of the Helsinki Group, to which Mr. Chor­ months to women who lived near the the USSR from reliable sources Baltic republics in 1940. About a novil belonged, in the late 1970s and Chornobyl reactor when it exploded supported Mr. Gerashchenko's dozen activists were detained during early 1980s. may show signs of mental deficien­ statements about falsification of the protest, which attracted world­ On August 6, however, an inau­ cies caused by radiation. Fetuses medical records. wide media attention. gural meeting of a new group, the less than 15 weeks old are most A year after the nuclear disaster, The last protest in 1987 occurred Ukrainian Culturological Club, was vulnerable to radiation and the brain the World Health Organization in two Latvian cities, Riga and Lie­ held in Kiev. Created as an informal is the organ most susceptible. Dr. noted that there were five main paja, on November 18, once more discussion club for nationally Robert Gale, who treated victims of points of concern: the contamina­ protesting the Soviet occupation of minded citizens, the club organized the Chornobyl accident, said there tion of forests, long-term disposal of Latvia and the other Baltic republics. several public meetings this fall on is a critical period between eight and contaminated topsoil, contamina­ The last three demonstrations questions connected with Ukrainian 15 weeks of gestation when there is tion of lakes, consumption of con­ were believed to have been the history and culture. a cprr^la^Qn^befteBnJthe.dosa.Qf taminated food products and the largest unsanctioned rallies since The main organizers of the club radiation and mental retardation. He . danger of spring flooding bringing the three countries were absorbed also appeared to be former political added that 13 excess cases of men­ .contaminated groundwater into the into the Soviet Union. prisoners and included: Serhiy Na- tal retardation over those normally river systems. And, according to Glasnost also afforded intellec­ boka, Leonid Milyavsky and his wife, expected might be found in 300 economic historian Dr. David Mar- tuals, mainly writers and educators, Larysa Lokhvytska, Oleksander infants born since the nuclear acci­ pies, the Soviets were being much in Ukraine and Byelorussia the Shevchenko and Olha Matusevych. dent to women pregnant at the time less than forthcoming about the opportunity to shed light on the It was also learned late this fall of the disaster who lived within 30 status of the clean-up as well as "catastrophic" situation for their that another unofficial group of in­ kilometers of the reactor. about the future'of the USSR's respective native languages in their dependent-minded members of the More horrifying information, nuclear energy program and how it reoublics While much talking was Ukrainian creative intelligentsia was though it could not be confirmed, has been affected by the accident. do ie about theproblem of Russian formed in Ukraine. The Ukrainian was related in a Soviet emigre en­ Meanwhile, in the United States language domination in the educa Association of Independent Crea­ gineer's testimony/before the U.S. ani Canada, Ukrainians in many tional systems^and, in general, the tive Intelligentsia (UANTI) w :t Helsinki Com mission on March 31. communities commemorated 'he 'ife of the republics, no real change created to promote the develop­ Ihor Ger -chenko. husbanc of 'irst anniversary of the Che "byl No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 7

1987: A LOOK BACK tragedy with demonstrations, prayer from the nuclear power station, on services, seminars, candlelight July 7-29. The head of the plant and vigils, lectures and the like. In Hart­ two aides were each sentenced to 10 ford, local youths participated in a years in a labor camp forviolation of March of Dimes walk-a-thon and safety regulations resulting in con­ dedicated their participation to the ditions that led to the reactor explo­ memory of the Chornobyl victims. sion. Three other officials received The youths wore T-shirts with lesser terms for negligence and un­ the slogan: "Ukrainian youth re­ faithful execution of duty, or vio­ member Chornobyl. April 26,1986." lating safety rules. The World Congress of Free U- Dr. Gale, meanwhile, continued to krainians and the Ukrainian Cana­ make headlines with his observa­ dian Committee, on the occasion of tions on the accident. In May he was the first anniversary of the Chor­ quoted as saying, "The ultimate nobyl accident, issued their report fallout from Chornobyl may well be on the disaster. Among the report's more good than evil," since Chor­ findings: serious health conse­ nobyl will serve as a laboratory for quences will result because of the the study of human beings conta­ authorities' delay in informing the minated with radiation and will aid populace; the official death toll of 31 scientists in discovering ways to is questionable given the magnitude prevent similar disasters. "Until of the disaster; the clean-up opera­ Chornobyl we have had to rely tion was conducted with little con­ largely on theoretical analyses when cern for the health of workers. pondering a cataclysmic nuclear In June the Associated Press mishap," he said. "Now we've quoted a Soviet, official as saying doubled our data base: We have that 27 towns near the site of the examined as many injuries as in all Chornobyl accident are too conta­ previous nuclear accidents put to­ minated to be resettled in trie fore­ gether." Dr. Gale also wrote an seeable future. These towns are article for the Journal of ttie Ameri­ located within an 18-mile evacua­ can Medical Association in which he tion zone around the stricken power reported that the Chornobyl nuclear plant. accident showed humans can with­ Six off icials of the plant stood trial stand a higher dose of radiation than in the town of Chornobyl, 11 miles previously thougrft. The Millennium and our Churches The y'ea'rl 987 was the year before of Ukrainian religious music per­ the Millennium of Christianity in formed by the Choral Guild of At­ Kievan Rus', but you might have lanta, members of the symphony thought that it was the year of the orchestra of the Metropolitan Opera, 1,000th anniversary, as it seemed and Met stars Paul Plishka, Vyache- ihat every event staged in every slav Polozov, Andrij Dobriansky, Ukrainian community,was dedi­ Marta Senn and Gilda Cruz-Romo. cated td'that historic jubilee. Meanwhile, the Harvard Project Metropolitan Mstyslav (seated) at the unveiling of the Ukrainian Orthodox Politicians, too, got into the act. on the Millennium released the first Church's monument to St. Olha, Princess of Ukraine. Gov. Thomas Kean of New Jersey three fascimile volumes of the Har­ Catholic Church's celebrations of reconciliation and love to the Rus­ issued a proclamation on May 15 vard Library of Early Ukrainian the Millennium planned for next sian nation and to the Moscow recognizing the Millennium of U- Literature, while the Harvard Uni­ July in Rome. Ukrainian Catholic Patriarchate. We repeat, as we said kraine's Christianity as well as the , versity Ukrainian Studies Fund pub­ laity had a chance to meet with the in our reconciliation with the Polish 600th anniversary of Lithuania's lished various booklets on the occa­ pope during a papal audience that nation, the words of Christ: 'forgive Christianization. Pennsylvania Gov. sion of the Millennium. same day. Wasyl Kolodchin of the us, as we forgive you' (Matthew Bob Casey on June 24 signed a The Ukrainian Orthodox Church Ukrainian World Patriarchal So­ 6:12)." proclamation designating 1988 as of the U.S.A. officially began its ciety, outlined proposals for action The statement took most in the the year of Millennium celebrations celebrations of the Millennium with by the Apostolic See: that the So­ Ukrainian community — Catholics in his state. Also on that day, hie- the unveiling of a monument to St. viets be pressured to respect human and non-Catholics — by surprise. rarchs of both the Ukrainian Catho­ Olha, Princess of Ukraine, at the and religious rights and to permit Some observers explained that the lic and Orthodox Churches, res­ Ukrainian Orthodox Center in South the Ukrainian Catholic Church to offer of mutual forgiveness was pectively, Archbishop-Metropolitan Bound Brook, N.J. Some 10,000 exist in the Soviet Union; that the given in a purely Christian spirit and Stephen Sulyk and Bishop Antony, people came to the August 16 un­ Ukrainian Catholic Patriarchate be in the same vein as the earlier recon- were present at the ceremonies at veiling of the monument sculpted by recognized; that the beautification ciliation with the Polish nation. the Pennsylvania State Capitol and Peter Kapshuchenko. process of Servant of God Andrey Others, however, asked: For what delivered addresses. On September 18, U.S.A. Today Sheptytsky be hastened; that the lot are we seeking forgiveness from the published a "special advertising of the faithful in Poland, Czecho­ Moscow Patriarchate? How can we Much time was devoted to plan­ section" headlined "Ukrainian Ca­ slovakia and Rumania be improved extend a hand to the Moscow Pa­ ning events for 1988. tholics Celebrate 1,000 Years as with the assistance of the Apostolic triarchate without addressing the The National Committee to Com­ Christians." The insert was the work See. rights of the Ukrainian Catholic and memorate the Millennium of Chris­ of a public relations firm hired by Then, on October 17, Polish and Orthodox Churches? Or, perhaps tianity in Ukraine announced that Bishops Robert Moskal and Basil most pointedly, as one observer weeklong observances of the anni­ Ukrainian Catholic hierarchs ex­ Losten to promote Millennium com­ changed mutual pardons for their said, you cannot make a gesture to versary would take place in Wash­ memorations. the Russian Orthodox Church while ington on October 2-9. Planned nations' past wrongs and pledged Ukrainian Catholic bishops held cooperation at a meeting in Rome. It ignoring the issues of the Ukrainian events include concerts, a scholarly their synod in Rome on September Orthodox Church. conference and a demonstration was also announced that day that 21-30. They were'addressed by Polish Primate Cardinal Josef Glemp Metropolitan Mstyslav of the U- protesting religious repression in Pope John Paul II on September 29, Ukraine. had stated that the Marian Shrine at krainian Orthodox Church of the who assured the hierarchs that he Czestoch'owa would be the site of a U.S.A. was disturbed by the cardi­ In Canada, the Ukrainian Cana­ would participate in the Ukrainian dian Committee announced that a commemoration of the Ukrainian nal's statement. In an archpastoral three-day celebration would beheld Millennium. Cardinal Myroslav Lu- letter released soon afterwards, he in Ottawa on October 6-8, 1988. bachivsky, leader of the Ukrainian stated that Ukrainian Catholic hie­ Scheduled are concerts, exhibits, a Catholic Church will attend those rarchs have taken a separatist route reception, seminars and religious commemorations. He is also slated and have refused to acknowledge services. to visit Ukrainian Catholic faithful in the existence of other Christian Yugoslavia next year. faiths, including the Ukrainian Or­ The Mazepa Foundation, mean­ thodox Church, among Ukrainians. while, announced that, under the Soon afterwards, on November 6, Cardinal Lubachivsky called for "Finally, the road to a joint comme­ aegis of the national Millennium moration of the glorious 1,000th committee in the U.S.. and in co­ reconciliation with the Russian nation and the Moscow Patriarchate anniversary of Christian Ukraine operation with the Ukrainian Na­ was strewn with sharp stones and tional Association, it is sponsoring a of the Russian Orthodox Church: "In keeping with Christ's spirit, we nails by none other than the pri­ Millennium Concert on-February 14 An illustration from the USA Today mate of the Ukrainian Catholic at Avery Fisher Hall with a program insert'on the-Millennium. extend our hand of forgiveness, 8 THE UKRAINIAN. WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27. 1987 No. 52

1987: A LOOK BACK

Church, Cardinal Myroslav I. Luba- and 174 faithful, thus came out of a great deal about the famine but they could do is to set their own chivsky, who loudly to all in the the underground and publicly pro­ "chose not to acknowledge what it record straight." world proclaimed forgiveness for all claimed their religious beliefs. knew or to respond in any meaning­ In other developments, at the end "willful and unwillful wrongs' com­ Then, on September 29, the iden­ ful way." of the year, the Commission on the mitted in the past and today by tity of the leader of the underground New York Times executive editor Ukraine Famine reported that it was Moscow and its Patriarchate against Ukrainian Catholic Church was Max Frankel at first would not com­ running out of funds, and Dr. Mace the Ukrainian nation and its Holy revealed in Rome by Bishop Andres ment on Dr. Mace's findings, stating estimated that an additional Church," the metropolitan said. Sapelak. The leader is 80-year-old that he would not do so without $172,000 in private donations was Back in Ukraine, beginning on Bishop Volodymyr Sterniuk of Lviv. seeing the document in question. needed just to keep the commis­ April 26. the first Sunday after. Upon emigrating to the West, After being sent a photocopy of the sion's office operating until its legis­ Easter, a vision of the Virgin Mary Yosyp Terelia, leader of the Initia­ memo plus Dr. Mace's paper, Mr. lative mandate expires on June 22, has apparently been seen in the tive Group for the Defense of the Frankel relayed a response to The 1988. Still more money is need to village of Hrushiv. Tens of thou­ Rights of Believers and the Church, Weekly via his secretary: Dr. Mace's publish the commission reports and sands of pilgrims have journeyed to has described a vibrant Ukrainian revelation "doesn't seem to qualify the 2,500 pages of survivor testi­ the site of the apparition, and many Catholic Church that includes some as news. It's really history, and mony. The Ukrainian National Asso­ claim to have seen the vision. The 5 million believers in Ukraine and belongs in history books." ciation became the first community "miracle of Hrushiv" has even been has an underground structure that Dr. Mace's response to the non- institution to respond to the com­ reported in the Soviet press. consists of a hierarchy, seminaries response was: "The New York Times mission's appeal by donating Clergy and laypersons of the and schools.. does claim to be the newspaper of $10,000 to this very worthy and clandestine Ukrainian Catholic Then, on December 23, it was record. It would seem that the least historically important cause. Church in Ukraine in an August 4 reported that Ivan Hel, apparently statement appealed to Pope John the new head of the Initiative Group, Paul II and. Soviet leader Mikhail delivered a statement signed by two Report of Medvid investigation Gorbachev to legalize their Church. bishops and 1,543 faithful of the Citing the "more favorable circum­ Ukrainian Catholic Church to the stances" arising as a result of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in restructuring of Soviet society, as Moscow. The statement appealed well as the upcoming Millennium of for the legalization of the Ukrainian Christianity in Kievan Rus', the letter Catholic Church. states, "we regard it no longer As of the end of the year, there has beneficial to remain in the under­ been no public response by either ground." The letter's signatories, the pope or the Ukrainian Catholic including two clerics identified for hierarchy in the diaspora to the the first time as bishops, 22 priests, momentous events and news from 12 monks, nuns and laypersons Ukraine. associated with monastic orders, The famine commission at work The U.S. Commission on the U- tional meeting on April 23, 1986, kraine Famine was kept busy this through the November 24,1986, re­ year with two more regional hear­ gional hearing in Warren, Mich. A ings recording survivors' testimony second interim report will be re­ in Phoenix, Ariz., and Philadelphia, leased in 1988. and teachers' workshops/seminars In November, the commission's, in Rochester. NY., Detroit and staff director, Dr. James E. Mace, Hartford,. Conn. spoke at a conference on "Recogni­ In addition, commission staffers tion and Denial of Genocide and and public members participated in Mass Killing in the 20th Century" a presentation on the genocides of held in New York by the Institute for the Jews, Armenians and Ukrai­ the Study of Genocide affiliated with nians held at a conference, of the John Jay College of Criminal Jus­ Philadelphia Federation of Tea­ tice. In his paper, titled "Colla­ chers, and discussed a planned boration in the Suppression of the famine curriculum in Philadelphia's Ukrainian Famine," Dr. Mace report­ school system. ed that "in agreement with The New Several curriculum guides were York Times and the Soviet authori­ prepared with the assistance of the ties" the dispatches of Walter Du- famine commission's public mem­ ranty, the Times' Moscow corres­ bers and staffers, and the one written pondent at the time of the famine, by Dr. Myron B. Kurbpas, a public always "reflect(ed) the official opi­ member, and funded by the Ukrai­ nion of the Soviet regime and not his nian National Association was wide­ own." ly circulated. Dr. Mace's paper uncovered this This year the U.S. Commission on information in a declassified State the Ukraine Famine also released its Department document — a memo­ first interim report to the U.S. public. randum written by a U.S. Embassy The 172-page government docu­ staffer in Berlin based on his con­ Myroslav Medvid being led off the Soviet freighter Marshal Koniev. (Times- ment included complete transcripts versation with Mr. Duranty. Dr. Picayuno news photo reproducedfro m the Medvid investigation report.) of all CUF meetings and hearings Mace also reported in his presenta­ that took place from the organiza­ tion that the U.S. government knew The Commission on Security and defection of a Ukrainian sailor Cooperation in Europe on May 14 serving on a Soviet freighter. released a report on the results of its The CSCE report found that Mr. '"••: "-,'•- • *•< yearlong investigation into the My­ Medvid did in fact intend to seek roslav Medvid affair, dating back to : 1 v.', i.;.:"; :- • •••••-•r-^igsmst political asylum, but because of U.S. October 24-November 9, 1985. authorities' mishandling of the case, jH| "White House, National Security he never had a chance to formally do Council, Department of State and so. instead he was returned to the *ll Department of Justice officials de­ Soviet ship — and this act "was "HKWKHJiiJ !:!*> «jg* viated from constitutionally and reportedly approved by the presi­ 25* congressionally mandated proce­ dent." Vi#lP" dures. This failure to follow pre­ - A*. scribed procedures constitutes vio­ '' i " L J !amp' The CSCE investigators suggest­ W ' •aapaS* J *"""-'". WTC lation of law," the report stated. ed changes in U.S. asylum proce­ L" EiMH? ._. However, tne report went on to dures, but the question remains, ^^^H HS^MP^ "•-"•• W note that these authorities were seven months later, is the U.S. ^JBSM involved in "technical" violations of government going to take any ac­ (m* .».«Wpp U.S. law; "they do not constitute tion at all to prevent another Medvid specific, willful violations of crimi­ incident? And suspicions continue ' £R -X. • m nal statutes." Thus, no one was to to exist that the young Ukrainian Dr. James Mace teaches students at Conard High School in West Hartford. be prosecuted as a result of the was simply a victim of U.S.-Soviet Conn., about the Great Famine of 1932-33 in Ukraine. bungling of the twice-attempted summitry. No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1987 9

1987: A LOOK BACK

janjuk stated that he was dismiss­ The trial continues, and summa­ The ABA and the Soviets ing Mr. O'Connor. The attorney tions are scheduled for January 18 contested the dismissal, saying that 1988. The Independent Task Force on gin and Zakhar Zunshein spoke at a his client did not know what he was In other developments, a Cana­ ABA-Soviet Relations this year con­ press conference and to the ABA doing when he signed the letter of dian fact-finding delegation that tinued to press for abrogation of the meeting. Ultimately a resolution dismissal. traveled to Israel for 10 days in American Bar Association's decla­ calling for abrogation of the U.S.­ In order to determine the defen­ March concluded that the state of ration of cooperation with the Asso­ Soviet lawyers' pact failed to get the dant's true intentions, a special Israel can conduct a fair trial of the ciation of Soviet Lawyers. approval of either the General As­ hearing was held on July 15. The accused. The delegation was com­ In February, the Task Force, as­ sembly or the House of Delegates of matter was left up in the air for posed of a Jewish lawyer, Alexander sisted by Ukrainian, Jewish and the ABA. another five days as Mr. Demjanjuk Epstein; two Ukrainian lawyers, human rights groups picketed the After the conclave Mr. Shumuk, asked for more time to make his final Andrew Ogaranko and Bohdan ABA'S midyear meeting in New who spent more than 30 years in decision. On July 20, Mr. Demjanjuk Onyschuk; and two Ukrainian scho­ Orleans. Prominent former Soviet Soviet prisons, camps and "internal" came to another hearing and an­ lars, Danylo Struk and Yury Boshyk. political prisoners, including Dr. exile, wrote a lengthy letter to ABA nounced that he was firing Mr. All agreed that the Ukrainian nation Nina Strokata and Dr. Yuri Yarim- president Robert MacCrate outlin­ O'Connor. The chief defense attor­ is not on trial in Israel, as some Agaev were brought in to speak ing his personal experiences with ney, meanwhile, a day earlier had groups and individuals have stated. about the reality of Soviet justice the Soviet legal system in an effort to submitted his resignation to the However, one member of the and Soviet lawyers. persuade him that the ABA-ASL court. group, Mr. Onyschuk, expressed agreement is a grave mistake. In June, at an ABA-ASL seminar Thus, the defense was in astate of "some very grave misgivings" about that discussed criminal procedure, "The rule of law... has never been turmoil a week before it was to open the way the trial is being conducted, independence of the judiciary, reli­ the mark of the Soviet legal system, its presentation. particularly deviations from Western gious freedom, alternative dispute and it never will be. So long as the On July 27 the defense called the standards of jurisprudence. resolution and emigration, the Task Soviet legal system is subordinated defendant to the stand, as is custo­ As an example he cited the Force and its supporters tried to to the Communist Party of the Soviet mary in Israel. Mr. Demjanjuk vehe­ court's decision to accept evidence raise human rights issues but their Union, the party's dictates, and not mently denied that he was "Ivan the from deceased eyewitnesses. He efforts were stymied by seminar the rule of law, will govern society," Terrible" or that he was at Treblinka, also cited problem areas: lack of procedures that did not allow rank- he emphasized. or Sobibor, or at the Trawniki train­ funding for the defense; the "show and-file lawyers and members of the Meanwhile, the leaders of the ing camp for guards, and told his life element" of the trial; appearances - press to pose questions to the pane­ Independent Task Force on story. and subsequent public statements lists. Outside, some two dozen de­ ABA/Soviet Relations, Patience T. by Israeli government officials who monstrators carried signs con­ Next came a forensic specialist, Huntwork, Orest A. Jejna and Wil­ an expert on physiognomy (who visit the courtroom; and undue demning the Soviet justice system liam J. Wolf, pledged to continue interference of the trial judges in and demanding that formal ties was forced to withdraw a large their efforts at tr\e next ABA annual portion of her testimony and later cross-examinations conducted by between the ABA and ASL be se­ meeting in Toronto in August 1988. the defense. vered. attempted to commit suicide), an In a related development, Ms. expert on the KGB, a historian and A memo written by the Ukrainian Pressure mounted on the ABA at Huntwork, who had hoped to travel expert on forced repatriation, a American Bar Association and the its .annual convention held in San to Moscow for an unofficial seminar German lawyer, a psychologist, Ukrainian Canadian Advocates So­ Francisco on'August 12-19, as va­ on human rights organized by Press three documents experts and a ciety also expressed serious reser­ rious human rights groups and ClubGlasnost on December 10-13, forensic anthropologist. vations about some aspects of the ethnic organizations again raised has apparently endeared herself to One of the documents experts proceedings. their voices io. protest. Prominent Soviet authorities so much .that she was repeatedly thwarted in his testi­ Later, American attorney Walter former Soviet political prisoners was denied permission to even mony, to the point that the defense Anastas was sent as an observer of Danylo Shumuk, Dr. Anatoly Korya- apply for a Soviet visa. sought to withdraw his testimony. these two professional lawyers' The judges, however, ruled that this associations to attend the trial from could not be done and the witness the beginning of the defense case the trial of John Demjanjuk was forced to stay on the stand. on July 27 through August 19. In his However, he refused to answer lengthy internal report to the two The Nazi war crimes trial of John Armand Hammer. The card, if it is questions about a tape recording associations, Mr. Anastas reported Demjanjuk began in earnest, in Jeru­ genuine, places the defendant at the purportedly made of a lecture he extensively on the problems of salem in a convention center theatre Trawniki training camp for guards had given in which he apparently procedural fairness and due pro­ converted into a courtroom, on Fe­ and at the Sobibor death camp, but stated that the Trawniki card ap­ cess that had originally troubled the bruary 16. (The trial had actually not at Treblinka. where "Ivan the pears authentic. Afterwards, Ed UABA and UCAS, and concluded begun on November 26,1986.) Terrible" committed crimes against Nishnic, administrator and presi­ that they "have not been significant­ The prosecution presented its humanity. dent of the John Demjanjuk Defense ly alleviated and some have been case by calling five historians, in­ At one point during the prosecu­ Fund, was taken into police custody aggravated in the part of the trial cluding specialists on the Holo­ tion phase of the trial, Cleveland and questioned because of suspi­ observed." caust,.live survivors of Treblinka archivist William Turchyn reported cions that he had influenced the Mr. Anastas found particularly who pointed to the defendant as that he had learned the true identity forensic specialist to refuse further troubling the judges' repeated in­ "Ivan the Terrible," four Israeli of the notorious "Ivan" of Treblinka. testimony. trusion into the conduct of the trial, police investigators, a physician at He was Alfred Billitz, a German. Thus, after the first few weeks of improper attitude and treatment of Ayalon Prison where Mr. Demjanjuk . On June 29, the defense entered a objections by the bench, improper is confined, a German prosecutor, "no case" plea, whereby it argued dramatic testimony about the hor­ rors of the Holocaust and Treblinka, cross-examination by the prosecu­ three documents/forensic experts, that there is not enough evidence tion, defective Ukrainian transla­ one fingerprints expert and one against the defendant for a convic­ the Demjanjuk trial returned to the central issue, that of identity, and tions, the bench's insulting attitude anthropologist. In addition, testi­ tion. The plea was rejected by the toward the defense, defendant and mony was taken from three wit­ three-judge panel hearing the case. everything boiled down, it seemed, to a battle of the experts. The ques­ defense witnesses, and the prejudi­ nesses in Germany, an SS guard, a Then, amid rumors of dissent cial time allocation and time con­ policeman and a medic. within the defense team consisting tion is, who is right about the Traw­ niki ID card? straints on the defense. The key to the case, however, is a of Americans Mark O'Connor and document — origins unknown, John Gill, and Israeli Yoram Sheftel, supplied by the Soviets and de­ came the firing of the chief defense The hunt for Nazis livered to Israel through the good counsel. lna]etterdatedJune30but hand-delivered on July 10, Mr. Dem­ offices of American industrialist This was the year the Canadian House of Commons, it was met with government began taking action on some stiff opposition from two U- the more than 200 suspected Nazi krainian members of Parliament, war criminals believed living in who said it did not go far enough in Canada. protecting the rights of innocent After receiving a report from Que­ individuals. Nevertheless, the law bec Superior Court Justice Jules was proclaimed In November. Deschenes — the head of a two- year, $3-million commission of in­ Later in the year, Justice Minister quiry on war criminals — Ottawa Ramon Hnatyshyn established a moved quickly to introduce legisla­ joint Royal Canadian Mounted Po­ tion that would make it easier to lice-Justice Department team of 40 prosecute Nazi war criminals in investigators to continue the work of Canada. The bill also tightened up the Deschenes Commission. The border regulations to prevent people unit, which has been described by who have committed war crimes in critics as a copy of the controversial The Nazi forgery prepared by one of the defense's experts, documents exa­ other countries from coming to U.S. Office of Special Investiga­ miner William Flynn. The two photos on the left were used to make the photo Canada. tions, has a mandate to collect more on the right. When the bill came before the evidence on the more than 200 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 No. 52

1987: A LOOK BACK suspects identified in the Deschenes Meanwhile, in the United States, October asked for reargument of renko, was executed, according to a report, including some 20 serious Attorney General Edwin Meese III certain aspects of the case, but the TASS report of July 27. The execu­ cases that warrant immediate ac­ finally agreed to meet with repre­ Supreme Court has not yet rendered tion was the result of a death sen­ tion. sentatives of national organizations its decision in the Kungys case. tence handed down in 1986. Published reports in November critical of the Justice Department's As regards the case of a Long In Australia, where a special com­ said the Justice Department was Nazi-hunting arm, the Office of Island man, Karl Linnas, who was mission looking into the presence of close to signing a protocol of agree­ Special Investigations. The meeting found guilty of lying about his war­ Nazi war criminals in that country ment with the Soviet Union that took place on March 5 with repre­ time activities, the defendant was had issued its report in November would admit Canadian investiga­ sentatives of the Coalition for Con­ deported on April 20 to the USSR, 1986, the government was studying tions behind the Iron Curtain to stitutional Justice and Security, where he faced a death sentence the recommendations — including collect evidence and testimony Estonian American National Coun­ handed down in absentia in 1962. the establishment of an OSI-type against suspected Nazi war crimi­ cil, Americans for Due Process, The verdict and sentence had been body to seek out and prosecute war nals living in Canada. The proposed American Latvian Association, Li­ announced in the Soviet press even criminals. The government then set agreement is said to include six thuanian American Community and before the war crimes trial had up a special task force for this safeguards for gathering evidence the Ukrainian National Association. begun. Mr. Linnas's lawyer had purpose. established by Judge Deschenes. The delegation told the attorney argued that at issue in the case was In November the Australian Par­ The year was a stormy one for general that deportations to the the unreliability of Soviet-source liament passed new laws to prose­ Ukrainian-Jewish relations in Ca­ USSR are totally unacceptable, evidence. Mr. Linnas died on July 2 cute war criminals living the coun­ nada. Politicians and community regardless of a deportee's inno­ in a Leningrad hospital, where he try. The laws would allow witnesses leaders voiced concerns that rela­ cence or guilt, because this creates had been moved from a jail in Tallinn from East European countries to be tions between the two communities the impression that the U.S. recog­ when he took ill. Mr. Linnas's daugh­ brought to Australia to testify. Attor­ deteriorated to an all-time low since nizes the legitimacy of the Soviet ter told the press that Soviet authori­ ney General Lionel Bowen des­ the commission was established in legal system. They also expressed ties had decided before her father's cribed the War Crimes Amendment 1985. Many said they hoped the hope that legislation allowing for death to commute the death sen­ Bill as "unique and the best in the tensions would come to an end with prosecution of war criminals in the, tence, but that the commutation was world." the release of the'commission's U.S. would soon be enacted. not announced publicly. He said the government's task report. Mr. Meese told the delegation that Another denaturalized American force was now investigating a list of The general feeling of Ukrainian he would appoint a special liaison suspected of war crimes who was 70 suspected war criminals who Canadians was summed up by Mi­ person from the Justice Department deported to the USSR, Feodor Fedo- entered Australia after World War II. chael Maryn, a Vancouver lawyer to meet with East Europeans about and vice-president of the Vancouver their concerns and then report back Ukrainian Canadian Professional to him. To date, 'no liaison person Ukrainian community in the U.S. and Business Association. "I feel has been named. partially vindicated," Mr. Maryn The delegation later released a The Ukrainian community in the people, were prejudiced or gerioci- said, "but I think that the harm that statement calling for U.S. trials for United States sounded the alarm in dal. Ukrainians, like many other was done was permanent. I think we war criminals and pointing out that, March when it was learned that CBS ethnic groups, suffered greatly were put on the defensive unneces­ as it stands now, a U.S. court ruling would broadcast a made-for-TV during World War II." sarily as a community by persons on a civil case could, in effect, docu-drama, "Escape from Sobi- Finally, the Delaware Chapter of like (Canadian Nazi hunter) Sol sentence a defendant to death. Later bor," that depicted the guards at the the Ukraihlan'CongresiCfimmitiee Liftman and various aspects of the in the year, the CCJS sent letters to Nazi death camp as being exclusive­ of America on June 4 filed suit media." its supporters, suggesting that they ly Ukrainian. Letter-writing cam­ against CBS and Chrysler for un­ -But the year brought relief to one contact theirsenatorsand represen­ paigns were begun and many phone specified monetary damages. Fur­ group of Ukrainian Canadians: the tatives to urge them to support the calls were made to CBS and the thermore, the suit stated that CBS Brotherhood of Veterans of the First idea of criminal trials in this country sponsor of the movie, Chrysler. should lose its broadcast license for Division of the Ukrainian National of those suspected of committing Groups such as the Ukrainian Ame­ airing a TV program that itknew was Army (also known as the Galicia crimes against humanity during rican Professionals and Business- prejudiced, insensitive arid rrtisle'ad- Division). The estimated 600 mem­ World War II. persons Association of New ing. CBS "used the governmental York/New Jersey, the Ukrainian bers of the group still alive feared There were a number of develop­ license and monopoly of the public they might be linked by the De­ Heritage Council, and the Ukrainian airwaves to conduct the campaign ments in cases of accused Nazi war National Center: History and Infor- schenes Commission to Nazi activi­ criminals. In March, a federal judge (against Ukrainians]; and denied ties. In the end, they were fully mation Network (UNCHAIN) de­ plaintiff or others any opportunity to blocked the deportation of Leonid manded that either the word "Ukrai­ exonerated by the probe. Petkiewytsch who, he said, was respond or correct ... public preju­ nian" be deleted from references to dicial attacks." Before the year was up. the Ukrai­ wrongly accused of persecuting the guards, or that a disclaimer be Jews in a Nazi slave labor camp. In other community develop­ nian Canadian Committee an­ broadcast with the film stating that it ments, at a meeting of representa­ nounced that it would begin collect­ Judge O. John Brahos declared that is not historically accurate to imply the Cincinnati man was "equally a tives of the two central organiza­ ing names of suspected Soviet war that all the guards at Sobibor were tions of Ukrainian Americans — the criminals living in Canada, includ­ victim of the time" and had been Ukrainians. forced to work as a guard at the Kiel- Ukrainian American Coordinating ing perpetrators of the Great Famine Ukrainian Americans became Council and the Ukrainian Congress in Ukraine. John Gregorovich, the Hasse forced labor camp. "The Nazi government's reign of terror infect­ even more dismayed when they Committee of America — as well as head of the group's Civil Liberties learned that the movie was to be members of non-aligned groups, Commission, told a May convention ed all levels of life, both in Germany and in the occupied territories," the used as an educational tool through the UCCA rejected mediators' pro­ of Ukrainian professionals that the the CBS Television Reading Pro­ posals for new by-laws and the names will be forwarded to the judge said. In April the Supreme Court heard gram. The references to "Ukrainian convocation of a Congress of Ukrai­ federal Justice Department for guards" or simply "Ukrainians" in nian Americans at which a united further investigation. oral arguments in the case of Juozas Kungys, a Clifton, N.J., man appeal­ the script handed out to 750,000 central representation would be ing a lower court order stripping him students all over the country were established. The UACC had agreed of U.S. citizenship for lying about even more numerous than in the to the compromise suggested by his date and place of birth. The OSI film's dialogue; thus buttressing the Bishop Basil Losten of the Stamford contends that Mr. Kungys partici­ erroneous notion that all the guards Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy. UCCA pated in atrocities against Jews were of that one nationality. representatives, however, said they and others during,World War II. Frustrated by CBS's and Chrys­ would not agree to new by-laws, but However, when a federal district ler's irresponsibility and unrespon­ only to amendments to existing court found that the prosecution siveness, Ukrainians held public UCCA by-laws, and that they would had not proved its war crimes case protests in New York, Philadelphia, not disband the UCCA to create a against Mr. Kungys, the OSI chal­ Chicago and Washington, and new body, but instead were calling lenged the defendant's citizenship, threatened to boycott all Chrysler on the UACC and other groups to stating that it had been fraudulently products. .CBS and Chrysler, how­ participate in the* already planned obtained because he had lied about ever, would only go so far as to note 15th UCCA Congress to be held his background. Thus, the issue was in a disclaimer that aired along with September 16-18. 1988, in Wash­ no longer a question of the defen­ the docu-drama that the film con­ ington. dant's complicity in war crimes, but tained some "prejudicial-ethnic Thus, the negotiations fell apart, of misrepresenting biographical references." and the meeting ended with inter­ data. The Court of Appeals dena­ Only in Pittsburgh were Ukrai­ mediaries stating that talks would turalized Mr. Kungys. nians successful in obtaining an resume at such a time as conditions appropriate disclaimer. There, the for re-establishing a unified central At issue in this landmark case station manager of the local CBS body improve. before the Supreme Court is the affiliate came on the air to tell Luckily, the disunity was nowhere materiality of misrepresentations, viewers (in part): "Some, but not in evidence on December 13 as a that is, whether they are reason all the guards were Ukrainian. This coalition of various Ukrainian enough to strip Mr. Kungys of his show should not lead anyone to groups participated in a Washington citizenship. The Supreme Court in conclude that Ukrainians, as -,,a, demonstration organized by the No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 11

1987: A LOOK BACK

Ukrainian Human Rights Commit­ Week address at the Ukrainian Ca­ influence public opinion and federal community concerns. Among the tee of Philadelphia and the UCCA tholic National Shrine's parish hall government decision-makers. topics discussed during the 90- on the occasion of General Secre­ on July 24. Though he toned down The office will help change that, minute meeting, were the prosecu­ tary Mikhail Gorbachev's arrival in his references to Soviet Union, he said Mr. Hluchowecky. In addition tion of war criminals in Canada, the U.S. for a summit meeting with said he was eager to see the day to reacting immediately to issues access to the prime minister and President Ronald Reagan. when Ukrainians in the USSR who affecting the community, the bureau Cabinet, federal government grants There were other positive deve­ are members of the Catholic and will brief politicians and journalists and Canadian-Soviet relations. lopments that affected the Ukrai­ Orthodox faiths "will again be free to on issues ranging from human rights Also, the first higher educational nian American community, among gather and worship in churches like to the Millennium of Christianity in facility in North America to teach them the following: this." He also noted the case of Petro Ukraine. applied Ukrainian arts was opened • The U.S. State Department in Ruban, a Ukrainian imprisoned in Near year's end, observers said in Edmonton at Grant MacEwan February released its special report the notorious Perm special-regimen that although it was too early to call College on October 14 with a on the plight and struggle of Ukrai­ camp 36-1. the office an unqualified success, at $100,000 grant from the Alberta nian Catholics. Titled "Soviet. Re­ • On October 14, on "Capital to least it has brought a wide range of Provincial Council of the Ukrainian pression of the Ukrainian Catholic Capital: Human Rights," the second disparate community groups to­ Canadian Committee. The donation Church," the reports noted that "no of a series of debates between mem­ gether under one roof. will cover the pilot stage of the institution has suffered more [under bers of the U.S. Congress and the In other developments, a delega­ project, and a fund-raising cam­ Soviet repression] than the Ukrai­ Supreme Soviet aired on ABC-TV, tion of Ukrainian community leaders paign has been started to raise the nian Catholic Church." Sen. Daniel P. Moynihan of New met with Prime Minister Brian Mul- $350,000 needed to set up a perma­ • In April, a Congressional dele­ York and Rep. Steny Hoyer of Mary­ roney and three Cabinet members nent endowment for the Ukrainian gation that visited the USSR con­ land spoke forcefully about human on September 22 to discuss a list of Resource Development Centre. fronted high-ranking Soviet officials rights violations in -the USSR. Des­ on human-rights abuses. Rep. Steny pite several rather humorous "tech­ Hoyer of the U.S. Helsinki Commis­ nical difficulties," Sen. Moynihan Ukrainian National Association sion'presented a list of 154 political managed to get across his point and religious prisoners from U- about the Ukrainian Catholic Modernization was the motto at during Father's Day ceremonies. In kraine to Ukrainian Communist Church in the context of the up­ the Ukrainian National Association addition, two new co-managers Party chief Volodymyr Shcherbytsky coming Millennium of Christianity. during 1987 as Home Office opera­ took over at the resort. They are during their meeting in Kiev. Still "Can't you let the Ukrainian Catholic tions were being computerized, new John A. Flis and Lydia Kuczer. The others lists of political prisoners and Church become a legal Church?" he and more attractive insurance plans Association of UNA Seniors held its divided families were presented to asked. Meanwhile, Rep. Hoyer were introduced, and establishment annual conference at Soyuzivka on officials in Moscow. called the USSR the "chief violator of a professional sales force pro­ June 14-19, with Gene Woloshyn being elected president. • Ambassador Richard Schifter, of human rights." ceeded apace. assistant secretary of state for hu­ • Two recently released Ukrai­ Pehaps most noteworthy was the The UNA presented its first Frs- man rights and humanitarian affairs, nian political prisoners, Danylo UNA'S new insurance package — ternalist of the Year Award in 1S87, took up the issues of religious free­ Shumuk, a staunch nationalist who new classes and new certificates and Petro Tarnawsky of Philadel­ dom for Ukrainians, particularly for served some four decades in pri­ with low premiums based on the phia was the honored recipient; and Ukrainian Catholics, as well as the sons, camps and exile, and Yosyp latest (1980) mortality tables — that it continued its tradition of pro­ continued incarceration of dissi­ Terelia, a leading activist of the easily competes within the general moting Ukrainian culture by spon­ dents and restrictions on human clandestine Ukrainian Catholic life insurance market. Seminars soring the U.S. leg of a North Ameri­ contacts when he visited Moscow in Church, as well as two Georgian were held throughout the U.S. and can tour by the Lemkovyna Folkloiic mid-April. He gave.alist of 253 rights activists, brothers Eduard and in Canada to familiarize UNA'ers Ensemble from Poland. religious prisoners, including many Tenghiz Gudava, testified before the with the new products. Unfortunately, there was sad Ukrainians, to Konstantine Khar- U.S. Commission on Security and The UNA also sought to bolster its news also for UNA'ers, as Supreme chev, chairman of the State Com­ Cooperation in Europe. Their testi­ operations in Canada by seeking to Advisor Walter Hawrylak passed mittee on Religious Affairs. mony on October 22 drew one of the purchase a suitable building in away on July 25 at age 74. The largest crowds ever at a Helsinki Toronto to serve as its Canadian Rochester, N.Y., community activist • President Ronald Reagan de­ was known not only for his UNA livered his annual Captive Nations Commission hearing. headquarters and by hiring profes­ sional salesmen for various Cana­ involvement but also for his work as dian districts. In addition, the UNA manager and treasurer of the Ro­ began looking into the possibility of chester Ukrainian Federal Credit printing the portion of The Ukrai­ Union and his activity in numerous nian Weekly's press run aimed at other community groups. Canadian readers in Canada, thus making it possible to mail the paper from within the country and speed­ ing up postal delivery. The Supreme Assembly held its annual meeting at Soyuzivka on June 8-12. The fraternal organiza­ tion's highest decision-making body between quadrennial conventions voted to award $115,250 in scholar­ ships to 237 students, to make donations totalling $51,000 to va­ rious community organizations, and to allocate, more than $100,000 for several publishing projects, among them a history of Ukrainian immi­ gration to the U.S. by Dr. Myron B. Kuropas and a second book on the Yosyp Terelia and Danylo Shumuk, with interpreters, during their testimony Chornobyl nuclear accident by Dr. at a hearing of the U.S. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. David Marples. Later in the year UNA execs voted to give $10,000 to support the U.S. Ukrainian community in Canada Commission on the Ukraine Famine. Supreme Assembly members also The leaders of Canada's Ukrai­ of Concordia University, was named agreed that complimentary sub­ nian community spenttheirThanks- as the bureau's first director. Aside scriptions to The Weekly should be giving weekend celebrating the from managing the two-man bu­ sent to all members of the Senate coming to fruition of a long-awaited reau, his duties will include briefing and House of Representatives in an dream: the opening of a Ukrainian journalists and monitoring political effort to familiarize them with the community lobby office in the na­ developments on Parliament Hill. Ukrainian community's concerns. tion's capital. The opening of the bureau was greeted as a major step for the UNA assets, o' course, continued The office was the brainchild of to grow. The association began the the late Sen. Paul Yuzyk, who pro­ country's Ukrainian community, which has had'tolight hard in recent year with $57,253.791 3nd by Novem­ moted the inea right uptothetimeof ber 30, the figure was $60,725,817. his death ir, 1986. After the senator's months tef defend itself against death, a tr^st fund was'established allegations of harboring Nazi war There was new; at the UNA resort, by the Ukr~ir. •" Canadian Commit­ criminals. And community leaders too, as Ukrainian Canadian sculptor tee to raise money for the project. have come under fire from their own Leo Moi's men" ;nt of the late Monument to Patriarch Josyf Slipyj Andrew Hluchowecky, a graduate members tor not doing enougn to Patriarch Josv' ">'i was unveiled at Soyuzivka. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1987 No. 52

1987: A LOOK BACK Noteworthy events and people Deaths in the community

There were many noteworthy U.S.-Soviet Relations, held in wes­ In 1987 the Ukrainian community sisted Ukrainian displaced persons events and persons in the news in tern New York state on August 23- was saddened to learn of the deaths after the war and saved veterans of 1987. For those that defy classifica­ 28, were members of Americans for of a number of its prominent mem­ the Galicia Division from repatria­ tion under the aforementioned Human Rights in Ukraine. AHRU bers, among them the following: tion to the USSR — June 20. headings, there is this section. members raised Ukrainian human, • Lev Rejnarovycz, 73, opera so­ • UlasSamchuk, 82. noted writer, Thus, among the notable events national and religious rights issues loist with the Lviv Opera House and editor and Ukrainian activist in of the past year were the following: at every possible opportunity. Ukrainian Opera Ensemble in Ger­ Volhynia, Ukraine, and Canada — • A Harvard University sympo­ many, and organizer and director of July 9. sium on "Ukrainian Classic Litera­ Mykola Lysenko Opera Company in • Michael Luchuf, 69, retired ture" brought together scholars the U.S. — January 21. captain of the New York City Police from North America and Ukraine on • The Rev. Wladimir Borowsky, Department —luly 25. January 14-16. The symposium was 80, executive secretary of the Ukrai­ • Edward Popil, 69, longtime organized by Dr. George G. Grabo- nian Evangelical Alliance of North financial secretary-treasurer of the wicz, chairman of Harvard's depart­ America, pastor of the Ukrainian Ukrainian Fraternal Association as ment of Slavic languages and litera­ Evangelical-Reformed Church, edi­ well as financial secretary of the tures. tor-in-chief of Evangelical Morning National Committee to Commemo­ • The Canadian Ukrainian Immi­ (Evanhelsky Ranok) lanuary 25. rate Genocide Victims in Ukraine grant Aid Society and the Ukrainian • Alvin Kapusta, 57, the U.S. 1932-33 — September 8. Professional and Business Club of State Department's first special • Prof. Theodore Onufryk, 96, Toronto put up funds to bring two assistant for Soviet nationalities, choir director at St. .George Ukrai­ Afghan teens to Canada for medical Chautauqua '87 logo. organizer of the Soviet Nationalities nian Catholic Church in 1919-1962, treatment. The youths, who were • Manor Junior College, founded Division in the Office for Analysis of under whose direction thousands of wounded in battle, arrived on Ja­ in 1947 by the Ukrainian Sisters of the Soviet Union and Eastern Eu­ Ukrainian Americans sang at count­ nuary 27 and were to undergo re­ St. Basil the Great, marked its 40th rope — January 25. less concerts, including those at constructive surgery. anniversary with a variety of events • Dr. Miro Chapowskyj, 64, su­ Town Hall, Carnegie Hall, the New • Dr. Robert Conquest's book throughout the year. preme secretary of the Ukrainian York World's Fair and St. Patrick's about the Great Ukrainian Famine of Notable people of 1987 included: Fraternal Association —January 29. Cathedral — September 17. 1932-33, "The Harvest of Sorrow;" • Myron Sp.olsky was named Ma­ • Gen. Petro Grigorenko, 79, • Jaroslav Rubel, 67, organizer of was the featured selection of the nitoba's first multicultural coordina­ founding member of the Moscow sports events, longtime president of History Book Club for the month Of tor to serve as an advisor and ad­ and Ukrainian Helsinki monitoring the Carpathian Ski Club, leading January. In October the book was ministrative resource to the pro­ groups, former Red Army general member of the Ukrainian Sports one of five nominated for the Los vince's minister of culture, heritage who spent nearly six years in Soviet Association of the U.S.A. and Ca­ Angeles Times book awards in the and recreation. He assumed his post psychiatric hospitals for his human nada — October 24. history category. on January 12. and national rights activity — Fe­ • George Ryga, 55, Canadian • In February and March, three • A. Raynell Andreychuk on Fe­ bruary 21. playwright, son of Ukrainian immi­ Ukrainian basses appeared in a bruary 6 was named Canada's high • Michael Piznak, 80, New York grants, whose plays reflected his single production of the Metropoli­ commissioner to Kenya, with con-r community activist, former trea­ belief that the responsibility of tan Opera. Appearing In Mussorg- current accreditation to Uganda, and surer of the Ukrainian Congress Com­ writers is to speak for those unable sky's "Boris Godunov" were Andrij as ambassador to the Comoros. She mittee of America and former vice- to speak for themselves — Novem­ Dobriansky as Nikitich.-Sergei Kop- was also appointed Canada's per­ president of the Ukrainian National ber 18. . .;„ .,.;,,„,•,;,.!.• chak as Varlaam and PaulPlishkaas manent representative to the U.N. Association — May 23. • Jurij ,Lawr«ienkOr S&^author, Pimen. Environmental Program and the • Dr. Peter G. Stercho, 68, pro­ literary critic and former political • Laurence Ewashko, the grand­ U.N. Center for Human Settlements fessor of political economy at Dre- prisoner of the Stalinist gulag — son of Ukrainian immigrants who (HABITAT) in Nairobi, Kenya. xel University, chairman of the Na­ December 14. settled in Manitoba, led hisjirst tour • Ian Shelton, 29, son of two tional Committee to Commemorate • Mstyslaw Dolnycky, 69, former as conductor of the world famous Ukrainian physicians from Winni­ Genocide Victims in Ukraine 1932- editor-in-chief of America, a Ukrai­ Vienna Boys Choir to "anada, the peg, on February 23 discovered the 33 — June 18. nian Catholic newspaper published United States and Puerto Rico, most significant supernova in 383 • Gordon R. Bohdan Panchuk, in Philadelphia, who began his long appearing in a triumph?nt concert in years. 73, a World War II veteran of the journalistic career, in 1929 in Ukraine Toronto on March 19. • Attorney Bohdan Futey, chair­ Royal Canadian Air Force who as­ — December 20. • CeSUS, the Central Union of man of the U.S. Foreign Claims Ukrainian Students, was revived Settlement Commission, was sworn after a 10-year period of inactivity at in on May 29 as a federal judge of the At The Weekly a weekend congress held March 21- U.S. Claims Court. We started the year with a com­ 22 in Cleveland. Yaro Kulchyckyj, a • On June 10, Maj. Gen. Nicholas resigned to take up other opportu­ student at Rutgers University, was plete staff: Roma Hadzewycz, Mi­ nities, but promised to continue as a S.H. Krawciw took command of the chael Bociurkiw, Natalia Feduschak elected president of the worldwide 3rd Infantry Division based in free-lancer for The Weekly. That left body. and Chrystyna Lapychak. In Fe­ Hadzewycz and Lapychak to cope. Wuerzburg, West Germany. bruary, Mr. Bociurkiw was reassign­ • Some 1,000 Ukrainians of Ar­ • Joseph Charyk received the Thank goodness for our steady gentina greeted Pope John Paul II ed to Canada, continuing as a full- typesetter, Awilda Arzola, and our National Medal of Technology, the time staffer operating (most of the on April 10 at the Ukrainian Catho­ nation's highest award for achieve­ new paste-up person/comic Nick lic Cathedral in Buenos Aires. time) out of Ottawa. Also that month, Dworski. There'll be good news in ments in technology, from President Marianna Liss was formally named • St. Volodimir Ukrainian Ortho­ Ronald Reagan on June 27. He was the New Year, but more on that next The Weekly's Midwest correspon­ year... dox Cathedral in New York City was recognized for breakthroughs in dent. Assistant editor Feduschak desecrated by unknown vandals global telecommunications. left The Weekly for Columbia Uni­ who etched and drew swastikas on • John Korbutiak, a Broadvalley, To all our dear readers, our best versity in October, and in November wishes for »this Christmas season the church's exterior during the Man., farmer, died at age 80 on Canadian correspondent Bociurkiw evening or nighttime hours of April August 7, leaving $65,000 of his and the coming year. 10-11, right before the start of Holy estate to the Ukrainian Cultural and Week. Educational Centre (Oseredok) in • National Geographic magazine Winnipeg. featured a 36-page a>iicle on U- • Leo Kazaniwskyj, a Chicago kraine in its May issue. The story alter: .;y, was selected on Septem­ was by Mike Edwards,, photos by ber I to chair the Governor's Immi­ Steve Raymer. Tania Mychajlyshyn gration Rt'orm Task Force by mi­ TAvignon was the team's interpre- nors .;jvr james R. Thompson. t That issue of National Geogra­ • ., \,iiS$ America of Ukrainian des- phic, which is sent to 10.5 million :e'U as cnosen on September 19. society members worldwide, also • 24-year-oid Kaye Lani Rae contained an article ab uttheChor- ;.iuo of Monroe, M>ch. nobyl nuclear accide . • Ccacn Taras Liskevych led the • Plast Ukrainian 'outh Organi­ U S women's volleyball team to a zation celebrated it 75th jubilee qualifying berth in the 1988 Olym­ with an internahon tl jamboree in pics in Seoul. South Korea. Quebec and Ontario on August 8- • Rick Oleksyk. a member of the 23. Over 800 PiasLroernbgrs from. .U.S. Qly.mp.ic.me.r)'s.handball team, around the world paric^pated. also will be in Seoyl for the 1988 The Weekly staff on the Jersey City waterfront (from leftJ-M irhael Bociurkiw, • Among the participants of the Olympics, thaaks to his team's vic­ r Awilda Arzola, Chrystyna Lapychak, Natalia Feduschak and Marianna Liss. third Chautauqua Confe »nce on tory at the Pan-American Games. (Photo by Roma Hadzewycz.) No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. DECEMBER 27, 1987 13

-. Midwest notes U.K. RECORD PRODUCTIONS is pleased to present the new by Marianna Liss [ BECErfi HOMl (HAPPY NK5HTT U.S.-Soviet radio bridge tional Women's League of America, RECORD ALBUM featuring the poetry of Kateryna Pere- Get your album autographies at the New Years Eve Dance "Midday," the news discussion pro­ lisna. The event took place at Ss. at the Holiday Inn of Somerville. gram hosted by Sondra Gair airs the VolodymyrandOIha Ukrainian Catho­ Albums will be available at your-Ukrainian store or order directly from us. twice monthly radio bridge to the lic Church Hall on Saturday, November Send $7.00 plus $3.00 shipping and handling for record or cassette to: USSR on WBEZ (90.1) FM, a public 14. U.K. RECORD PRODUCTIONS radio station in Chicago. The show Children from several Ukrainian P.O. Box 297. Liverpool. N.Y. 13088 features many experts from both coun­ schools sang selections of the poet's Please allow 6-8 wks, delivery. Money Orders only. tries who discuss U.S.-Soviet relations. -works, which were set to music by New York residents add 7% salex tax Lately, though, the efforts to get a Volodymyr Kassaraba. broad range of Soviet and American The evening served, in fact, as a citizenry to speak together on the air has premier for a new edition of Ms. met a feu obstacles. Perelisna's poetrv. published by Branch I wice. when discussions have turned 29. and for the new compositions, as well CELEBRATE WITH US! to things Ukrainian, mysteriously the as introduction to the nook's illustrator line from Kiev either went daad or was and artist. Martha Hirniak-V o\e\idka. never connected. Ulana I.ubovych. editor of Our Lite. LETS EXTEND THIS INVITATION TO ALL In September, when the Rev Andriv the UNWl.A-sponsored women's ma­ SI Chirovskj representing Ukrainian Ca­ gazine, presented a bnel biographical AMERICANS. LET'S PLACE 500 BiLLBOARDS tholics in Chicago was about to ask sketch about the poet. Ms. Pereiisna's ACROSS THE U.S.A: WITH OUR MESSAGE OF questions of clerics in Kiev., the tele­ generation. Mrs. Lubovych staled, was phone line disconnected. the first fruit of the Ukrainian re­ UKRAINE'S 1000 YEARS OF CHRISTIANITY, Other U.S. clergymen, though, were naissance of the post-ievoiutionan era. able to talk totheir Soviet counterparts That generation included major writers,- : TJHJSJAN^BEJpONrl IF 25 UKRA4NIAN AMER­ just "before the Re\. Chirovsky was to composers and leaders of the Ukrainian ICAN .CGMTMUNitres SPONSOR 20 MILLENNIUM speak. The live radio program was community/both in Ukraine andabroad. broadeasikig to KieV-and about 9- • Ironically -enough; despite the cul­ BILLBOARDS EACH. million people in t-hat metropolitan area- tural renewal, the poet faced many before the line was cut-off. - " -•• obstacles in getting-a-Ukrainian educa­ FOR 30 DAYS DURING APRIL OR JUNE 1988 The Rev. Chirovsky then^omraented tion -because of governmental anti- OUR MESSAGE "WILL BE READ BY MILLIONS that it was strange" filar the problerhs Ukraiaran policies. Despite school with the phone line occurred coinciden- closings, Ms.. Perelisna became an THROUGHOUT THE U.S.A. tally when a Ukrainian Catholic priest editor of Ukrainian books, an author was abput^to' get into the discussion. and children's (dramatistand.an- educa­ 11 .' IJOINrUS• \F YOU. ARE A MEMBER OF A:. .., " The rest oTthe program centered around tor in Ukraine;. Once living in the Ukrainian problems within 'trie Soviet diaspora she remained a prolific writer. CENTRAL UKRAINIAN AMERICAN INSTITUTION -PARISH OR ITS system. **:' ""---' Her poetry inspired, Ms. Lubovych r u SOCIETY -BRANCH OF A FRATERNAL ASSOCIATION - WOMEN'S '*h &ftfcPu£3wfifeitftlJ

community Date Signature of Authorized Person A literary evening was held by Chi­ cago Branch 29 of the Ukrainian Na­ 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 No. 52

over a period of several years leaves the must pay 50 rubles for a loaf of bread. Krai, the Ukraine, and the Lower Volga Collaboration... indelible impression that the present But the loaf is not really a loaf of bread. Krai, where practically all peasants condition of Russian agriculture is not When one takes a knife and cuts a slice it have been assembled into collective (Continued from page 4) the result of any criminal acts ofagroup is impossible to be sure whether it is farms." are actually starving." On January 26, of persons but are the effects of the made of grass, ashes or other ma­ On October 10, the Warsaw Embassy 1933, Riga sent its report on Soviet reaction of the peasantry as a whole terials. It has no resemblance to bread dispatched translations from the Polish rconomic conditions during the final (and in Russia that means the prepon­ made of cereal." journal Soviet Russia and its Interna­ quarter of 1932, which noted that "there derant majority of the country's popula­ On June 8, the second secretary of the tional Organization. The July issue is an acute, lack of food in many dis­ tion) to a government policy which has Latvian Legation in Moscow told the reported that "Conditions in the U- tricts, and the demands on agriculture deprived it of individual ownership in Americans in Riga that in Ukraine, kraine, autocratically ruled by Posty- are tremendous." respect of most of its property and North Caucasus and the Volga region, shev, Stalin's representative, are not Riga Tiled only a brief report on the which has robbed it of the incentive to "the entire population is undernou­ satisfactory... Not longagothe Moscow decree of January 24, 1933: The ap­ work. Viewed in this light, the severe rished and actual famine is experienced. press did not disguise its indignation pointment of Postyshcv as Ukraine's punishment which has been meted out Conditions are worst in Odessa, Kiev against the local authorities of the new ruler clearly "was not received with to the 75 officials appears essentially as and Kharkiv." Soviet Ukraine who showed, it was too much welcome," and meant that an act of terror undertaken with the On August 29, Le Matin in Paris alleged, great leniency toward anti-state Moscow held the CP(b)U "either in­ double object of crushing criticism of printed the story of a Ukrainian Ameri­ elements." capable or unwilling to carry out the Stalin's policy among government can, Martha Stebalo, who had just Analyzing and quoting extensively peasant policy with the required executives and concealing the true returned from a month in Ukraine, and Postyshev's denunciation of Skrypnyk's energy." reasons of its failure by shifting the Robert Murphy, an American consul in so-called national deviation r.t the June On March I, Frederic Sackett in responsibility to quarters where it does Paris, summarized her statement that: plenum of the CC CP(b)U, it observed Berlin sent a confidential memorandum not properly belong." "...in the vicinity of Kiev, the popu­ that "the real object of Postyshev's written by economics Prof. Calvin lation generally shows outward physical dictatorship" was the "pacification" of Hoover of Duke University, who had Rosja Sowiecka (Soviet Russia) was signs of starvation (swollen legs, ulcers, Ukrainian nationalism, an allusion to formerly been highly optimistic about a Warsaw journal which so interested boils, apathy, etc.). She claims that in the' the Polish pacification of western Soviet developments. Now he believed Kelley that he prevailed upon the U.S. villages near Kiev, many people are Ukraine, which had been designed to that "Russia is headed for chaos and Consulate in Warsaw to translate every obliged to subsist on trees, wood pulp knock out Ukrainian nationalism there. ruin.'' Kelley found the memorandum issue verbatim. The journal pointed out and grass. Sentries posted on platforms The August issue pointed out that so valuable that a month later he re­ the unprecedented fact that among the guard many fields and shoot poachers even before Postyshev's "mission," the ferred it to tile university, adding, accused -were party, members and that at sight. In Podolia, Mrs. Stebalo Communists in Ukraine had "vigorous­ "When the secretary has a few minutes the trial should be understood as pan of learned that her parents had died of ly enforced the decrees of the central to spare, I believe that he would be "a systematic persecution of the rural starvation. In Pysarivka, a village of 800 government" and "squeezed out of the interested in glancing through" it, which administration and the extermination inhabitants, I SO persons had died peasants the largest possible quantities the new secretary, Cordell Hull, evi­ of employees of the Commissariats of from that cause since last spring. of grain." It then considered the Soviet dently did. Agriculture, and the Commissariats of The account affirms that in the region of allegation that the Ukrainization policy, Hoover noted the large numbers who State Domains" in order to "destroy or Kiev, as well as that of Odessa, canniba­ which Skrypnyk had overseen, and had perished from starvation in Ka­ to put in second place all of the higher lism is a common practice." interpreted is as merely the continua­ zakhstan since 1930 and added that agricultural officers...and to turn over In September Undersecretary William tion of Lenin's policy. It observed that there was "a very bad shortage of food the rural administration of collectivized Phillips was given a radiogram from an simultaneously "with the liquidation in the North Caucasus and the U- agriculture to Communist companies in American who had been in the USSR of the Skrypnyk mistakes, all of the pro- kraine," with guerrilla warfare in the the 'political sections of the machine- which had been sent to the latter's son. Russian servile elements begin to raise North Caucasus and, some months tractor stations." Calling the situation **one of the world's their heads." The "anti-peasant policy" earlier, numerous village uprisings in On April 7, Ernest Harris, consul greatest famines," it read: of excessive grain seizures, which had Ukraine. Censorship of Western corres­ general in Vienna, sent translations of "The present famine is so directly due caused so much §tifTeVm*gTKa^Beerr*the pondents had become much more strict, letters received by a servant of an to (the Communists' policies) that they policy of the central autKbrities" im­ and two American correspondents had Austrian countess from her sister in are trying in every possible way to deny posed upon Skrypnyk." recently been refused permission to go Ukraine. One dated March 12 begged and cover it up. This the people know... to Ukraine. for a dollar to be sent through torgsin: Seed grain is state property and any Meanwhile, Rosja Sowiecka (Soviet On March 27, Robert Skinner report­ "How one has to hunger here! Many withholding it is stealing from the state Russia) indicated that the amount of ed from Riga the execution of 35 Soviet have already died of starvation. We are and punishable with death. Children are grain procured from Ukraine in 1932 agricultural officials and the imprison­ not yet dying, however, since Christmas given Soviet honors for revealingan y was over three, times the amount seized ment of 40 others for, according to the I have baked no bread... todie of hunger concealment even by their parents." at the heigHfofr War Communism in 1920, which had also contributed to OGPU communique, "the organization is very difficult. ..we have always had up Further confirmation of the existence famine, while the 1932 crop was no of counterrevolutionary sabotage in the to now a few potatoes and we will soon of the famine came on October 4 more than 40 percent greater than that machinery and tractor stations and the be at the end of those. ..If the beloved from a member of the Latvian Legation of 1920. Simultaneously, the portion of state farms of a number of regions of God does not have mercy, we must die." in Moscow. In reply to a direct question the total Ukrainian crop requisitioned Ukraine...and the disorganization of about whether there was a famine, the A May 5 Helsinki report of a conver­ had risen from 8.9 percent in 1929 to an sowing; harvesting and threshing cam­ Latvian said that it was "an actual fact" sation with an American resident of the estimated 70 percent, while in the North paigns with the purpose of undermining and "that last winter and spring its Soviet Union also confirmed the exis­ Caucasus it was close to 100 percent. If the material conditions of the peasantry existence was frankly admitted on tence of the Ukrainian famine, then at one adds grain retained by the collective and of establishing a famine in the several occasions by officials of the its height: farms for reserves and expenses, "what country." Noting that his post had Commissariat for Foreign Affairs to "In Ukraine, the formerly flourishing is then left for the peasants?*' Rosja So­ reported on the "unsatisfactory state of members of the Moscow diplomatic granary of Europe, utter starvation wiecka asked. Soviet agriculture since 1931,"Skinner faces the population. ..conditions are corps. In the general opinion of the commented with diplomatic restraint: Moscow diplomats the present famine Further confirmation of the existence growing worse, especially in the U- of the famine came from the U.S. "The study of these developments kraine. There in the open market one is even moresevere than that of 1921 -22, and the number of people who have Legation in Athens, Greece, which died from starvation is estimated at 7 to reported on October 14: 8 million. While shortage of bread and "In view of the many published NOTICE other food is prevalent throughout statements denying the seriousness of Russia, it is most acute in the southern famine conditions in Russia, 1 have the To UNA Members wheat belt, i.e., in the North Caucasian honor to report that, in a conversation 1 and Branches had the other day with the Turkish HUCULKA minister here, the minister informed me Icon & Souvenir's Distribution that the Turkish envoy at Moscow Members and Branches of the Ukrainian National As­ 2860 Buhro Ave. «2R sociation are hereby notified that with the ending of its Bronx. NY. 10461 reported that famine conditions...are at fiscal year the Home office of UNA must close its Til-1212) 931-1579 ifttr 6 p.m the present time very bad indeed, as accounts and deposit in banks all money received from • KtpitMflUtivt and wfcclmler of mbroufertd bad, he said, as during the worst post- Branches. blouiei for tduJIj and chiMftn war years." Help Wanted No Later Than Noon Help Wanted THE HOME OFFICE of the of December 31, 1987 UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION has two immediate openings for Money received later cannot be credited to 1987 Therefore we appeal to all members of the UNA to pay their dues this month as soon as possible and all Branches CLERICAL WORKERS to remit their accounts and money in time to be received by the Home Office no later than noon of THURSDAY, IN ITS RECORDING DEPARTMENT DECEMBER 31. 1987 Aoplicants should have knowledge of the Ukrainian and English languages. Salary commensurate with ex­ Notice is hereby given that Branches which send their perience Good benefits, including Blue Cross/Blue Shield, major medical group life insurance, pension plan dues late will be shown as delinquent and In arrears on the Apply by calling (201) 451-2200, ext. 18; annual report. or by sending resume to: UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. UNA Home Office P.O. Box 17 A, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City. N.J. 07303 No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 15

Baptist... nationalism lived on...It is now ne­ Soviet newspaper... cessary not just to sing songs about (Continued from page 2) DRINK MEAD - (Continued from page 2) brotherhood, but to look into the Soviet Union, one of his grandfathers had died at the reasons for national enmity. Obviously Ms. Chertkova is only one of several PRINCE KIE DID! front, and another had been killed by you will not publish my letter. Again, hundred, possibly thousands, that have "And this drink is for our joy. Thus we have the Banderists. you will be afraid. Of truth? Right now 1 been seized and interned in psychiatric it every day, upon-preparing it after the Mr. Denesiuk says that this example, cannot write in any other way. It is not hospitals over the years. These so-called harvest. And we are happy from this. and the numerous stereotypes and that time." hospitals, according to Mr. Snyder, But do not do as it sometimes happens — pejorative terms that exist for inhabi­ To Sobesednik's credit, it published "Are no more than prisons inside a when someone will not even hold himself tants of other parts of the SovietUnion, this letter. A few months earlier it prison which are beyond public view together, but babbles forth nonsense... reflect national enmities that need to be carried an even more outspoken letter where alLforms of arbitrary treatments But another one, when he drinks — the discussed in the open. He addresses the from a young Ukrainian Catholic are possible." joy itself kisses him!" VLES-KNYHA. 111-22 following challenge to the editors of named Ihor Klymenko who not only He added, "It is believed that the Sobesednik: - asserted his faith but also challenged majority of all those currently detained "Listen Sobesednik, has glasnost and members of the Komsomol to enter into in these institutions' are people with perestroika reached your editors or not? a public debate with him. deep political or religious convictions." VLESSIANA If it has, then 1 await a serious discus­ Judging by the tone of Mr. Yefre- sion of national problems. At present it mov's article in Kultura i Zhyttia, and According lo Ms. Snyder, "Chert­ P.O. Box 422, Dublin. Ohio 43017 kova's release, even though welcomed, is becoming evident that fraternity the type of letters that appear in Sobe­ is just another token measure. among the nations is not quite as rosy as sednik, it is clear that as far as glasnost isv it was considered to be not all that long concerned, what is possible in Moscow ago. It transpires that a base 'everyday' can still only be hoped for in Kiev. A UNA insurance policy is NOTICE TO UNA an investment in the Ukrainian community. Secretaries and Organizers ~_^_ YEVSHAN RECORDS •- NEW RELEASES FALL'88

The 1987 Membership Campaign ends December 31, RON CAHUTE 1987 therefore we will accept applications of new UKRAINIAN GENERIC members only to December 31. 1987 Cassette 5RTC 112 Featuring: RON CAHUTE We urge you to make every effort to fulfill your quota (Toronto) and mail in your applications early enough to reach the Selections: Rich girl poof girl. The Toronto guy, Wish Home Office by December 31. 1987 I could "Yak she mayesh". Heavenly night. The Ukrainian wedding medley. The night of the Kozaks. Khmetiu, out on the (arm. Dying in exile. Ride kozak ride

UNA HOME OFFICE Ron Cahute continues to perform Ukrainian folk muse with his special touch ol Frame flavour. Cahute' provides entertainment lor all audiences, and per- forms for such occasions as weddings, dances and festivals. He is equally at home with waltzes and polkas, as he is with rock, disco, latin and swing. His music is entertaining, and is enjoyed by young and old Ukrainian National Association alike SEEKS TO HIRE PART TIME AND FULL TIME Cassette tapes $8.50 * $1.50 shipping. Experienced Total $10.00 INSURANCE AGENTS or GENERAL AGENTS NOW AVAILABLE AT ALL UKRAINIAN BOOK STORES & GIFT SHOPS! YEVSHAN SAMPLER CASSETTE Vol. 2 — fluent in Ukrainian and English: A ONLY J2.99 WITH EACH ORDER! LIMIT ONE PER CUSTOMER Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton, Winnipeg and other areas Features 12 complete Ukrainian selections from new releases! Available only by Mail. Leads supplied — salary not draw — plus override — all benefits. Total irith sampler. Sampler S2.99 • S10.00.. Total J12.99 U.S. Write or telephone: MAIL ORDERS TO: YEVSHAN CORPORATION Mr. JOHN HEWRTK Supreme Director for Cauda 327 Me Adam Ave. Winnipeg •. Han. Canada R2W 083 Tel.: (204) 582-8895 Free 14 K EMBLEMS of the WORLD Gold Trident Ukrainian National Association, Inc. PRESENTS with Purchase i 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City. N. J. 07302 of 2 watches Tel.: (201) 451:2200 IN TIME FOR CHRISTMAS UKRAINIAN IVJWI fVA« UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Trident Quartz Watches for Men & Ladies Beautiful Gold Tone Finish and Genuine Leather Band $22.00 has an open position of Dust Proof Stainless Steel Back Value Free PROJECT COORDINATOR/INDEXER

The Immigration History Research Center, a research facility and special collection u'r dicated to the study of American immigrant and ethnic groups from Eastern. Central, and Southern Europe and the Near East, seeks a qualified individual to coordinate the Svoboda Index Project. This project is a joint venture of the IHRC and the Ukrainian National Association to publish a retrospective index to the Ukrainian American newspaper Svoboda. DUTIES: Selecting terms from newspaper for index: supervising computer data entry of index terms; coordinating index publication production; proofreading and editing; preparing budget and status reports; assisting in project publicity efforts. QUALIFICATIONS: Required — BA; fluency in written Ukrainian and English. Highly desired — professional indexing experience (related library cataloging experience may be considered). Desired — Masters degree in History, Slavic Studies, or Library Science; knowledge of Ukrainian and/or Ukrainian American history; publication editing and production experience; word processing background; supervisory experience; self-motivation and problem solving ability. SALARY: Neeotiable: $20,000 minimum. APPOINTMENT TERM: One year, with possibility of renewal depending upon funding; available immediately. TO APPLY: Send letter of application, resume, and names; addresses and phone numbers of three references by October 30, 1987 to: JOEL WURL Man $59.00, Lady's $59.00 • $3.00 P. • H. for each watch SVOBODA Search Chair Immigration History Research Center ^5F* Credit Card orders Call toll Iree 1-800 872-3600, in N.J. (609) 822-2711 826 Berry Street, St. Paul, MN 55114 ~- ——r Send Check or Money Order to EMBLEMS OF THE WORLD. P.O. Box 2224. Ventnor. N.J. 08406 The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer N J Residents add 6*c Slate la» and specifically invites and encourages applications from women and ...... •.-J\ti.watcDes,wtti black oi brown leattlsUwflCk. ••- — -. ' minorities. Satisfaction guaiantee or money back within 30 days 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1987 No. 52

-1-.*»»& PREVIEW OF EVENTS December 27 January n NEW YORK: The Vcrkhovynky PARMA, Ohio: On the occasion of Plast sorority will present an after­ Christmas according to the Julian noon program, beginning at 4 p.m., calendar. St. Vladimir's Ukrainian With profound sorrow we inform our relatives and friends about a suddetn death of our beloved dedicated to Ukrainian political Orthodox Cathedral will broadcast prisoners incarcerated in Perm spe­ the divine liturgy, for the sick and SON. BROTHER. GRANDSON. NEPHEW and COUSIN cial-regimen labor camp No. 36-1 at elderly, live over station WABQ the Ukrainian Institute of America, 2 AM-1540 at 10:30 a.m. The liturgy BORYS IHOR ADRIAN OLSHANIWSKY E. 79th St. Participants in the pro­ will be celebrated by the Very Rev. A wake will be held at Lytwyn & lytwyn Funeral Home. 1600 Stuyvesant Avenue. gram will include Nadia Svitlychna. Stephen Hankavich and the Rev. Union. NJ.. on Saturday, December 26th and Sunday. December 27th from 2-4 p.m. Dr. Daria Karanowycz. Ewhen John Nakonachny. Responses will and 7-9 p.m. ECnrylo and Oles Kuzyszyn. A dona­ be sung by the parish choir directed Panachyda at 7:30 p.m., Sunday. December 27,1987. Funeral services will begin at 8:30 a.m. Monday. December 28.1987 in the Funeral tion of $6 is requested. For infor­ byOleh Mahlay. At 10a.m. the choir Home and 9:30 a.m. at St John The Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Church to St. Andrew mation call the Ul A, (212) 288-8660. will sing carols. Ukrainian Orthodox Cemetery in S. Bound Brook. NJ. In sorrow: SASKATOON, Sask.: A public B ozena — mother opening and reception forthe exhibi­ Ulita and Dora — sisters January 6, 1988 tion "Struggle for Freedom: Recent Natalia Pawlyshyn — grandmother Roksolana Gilicinsky — aunt with husband Yurij Works by Julian Sadlowski." will be Andrij, Orest Marko — cousins HARTFORD, Conn.: The Ukrai­ held at 2:30 p.m. at the Ukrainian Memorial donations are asked to be sent to: nian National Home of Hartford Museum of Canada, 910 Spadina AHRU - Aid to Political Prisoners. 43 Midland PL Newark. NJ. 07106 invites all to a traditional Ukrainian Crescent East. The artist will be in Christmas Eve dinner in celebration attendance. The exhibit will include of the Millennium of Ukrainian sketches in pen and ink depicting take the stand during the next court Christianity at 6:30 p.m. at 961 historical scenes from Ukraine and Prosecution.. session. Also to be introduced into Wethersfield Ave. A donation of S5 the life of Ukrainian pioneers in (Continued from page 1) evidence will be an FBI report on the for adults and S3 for children is Canada, and will continue through with prosecutor Michael Shaked at­ Trawniki card and Dr.Smith's analysis requested. For information call Peter February 14. For information call tempting to question the credentials of of the ID photo. Tytor. (203) 524-5702. the museum, (306) 244-3800. the defense witness. In other developments, defense attor­ The next day, cross-examination ney Paul Chumak's intercession with continued with Mr. Shaked challenging the court regarding the judges* ques­ TUSM plans Day of Solidarity vigil the forensic anthropologist on the tioning of defense witnesses which, he NEW YORK —On January 12. at 7 to show support for Ukrainians who selection of photos used in bis demon­ said, created a feeling of double cross- p.m. Ukrainian Americans will gather continue to be victimized by the Soviet stration and once again trying to make examination, was rejected. in front of the Soviet Mission to the regime. Nearly 50 percent of Soviet it appear as if the witness is not the Also, Polish authorities will not United Nations at East 67th Street and political prisoners are Ukrainians. expert he presents himself to be. permit defense counsel John Gill to Third Avenue in New York City for a Mr. Shaked also pointed to a couple enter Poland in order to obtain a candlelight vigil to commemorate Soli­ The vigil is sponsored by. the Ukrai­ of scholarly works on photo identifica­ document containing a statement by darity Day with Ukrainian Political nian Students Association of Mykola tion in which the superimposition tech­ Treblinka survivor Elijahu Rosenberg Prisoners. Michnowsky (TUSM). For informa­ nique was used. given to the Red Army. This annual event is observed in tion call Petro Matiaszek, (201) 942- Finally he asked the witness: If there major .cities throughout the free world 7946, or Yuri Priatka, (212) 982-3626. are two photos in which the principles of anthroposcopy, anthropometry and Terelia on J;he air superimposition are properly applied, MILLENNIUM OF CHRISTIANITY and all evidence points to the two CHICAGO WVosyp Terelia, former IN UKRAINE LABELS photos being of the same person, can Ukrainian political prisoner and Ukrai­ one not assume that it is one and the nian CatholitJay activist will be 100 labels J 10.00 interviewed live by radio announcer 500 libels (snail roll) 40.00 same person? Dr. Iscan replied that in the hypothetical case described by the Sondra Gair on WBEZ-90.1 FM radio 2000 labels (large roll) 120.00 from noon to 1:30 p.m. 10 bumper sticker (4 inch, dia.) 10.00 prosecutor, this could be true, but here at this trial we are not speaking about Mr. Terelia was a leading figure in the (All prices tncl. shipping) underground Ukrainian Catholic Please mail order with payment to theory but about actual living persons. During the final session of this week, Church in the Soviet Union before he ODUM MILLENNIUM PROJECT the judges finally ruled that as a result of emigrated to Canada on September 30. P.O. Box 248. Stat. N. the unresolved matter of a negative mm* Toronto. Ont. M8V 3T2, Canada JOIN THE UNA - opinion of Dr. Smith's superimposition INSURE YOURSELF technique. Dr. Smith will be asked to AND BE SAFE! SUPPORT THE FAMINE COMMISSION A memo Notice regarding mail delivery From: The Ukrainian National Association of The Weekly To: All UNA members and readers of The Ukrainian Weekly It has come to our attention that The Ukrainian Weekly is often delivered late, or irregularly, or that our subscribers sometimes receive ' On December 10, 1987, the Ukrainian National Association decided to several issues at once. donate $10,000 toward the all-important work of the U.S. Commission on We feel it is necessary to notify our subscribers that The Weekly is the Ukraine Famine, a body created by law in 1986 to study the Great mailed out Friday mornings (before the Sunday date of issue) via Famine of 1932-33 in Ukraine. second-class mail. The commission is in dire need of funds to enable it to complete its work If you are not receiving regular delivery of The Weekly, we urge you and to publish the results of its extensive research. As the government to file a complaint at your local post office. This may be done by funding wilt run out by January 30, 1988, it is now up to the Ukrainian obtaining the U.S. Postal Service Consumer Service Card and filling community at large to ensure that the commission's goal is accomplished. out the appropriate sections. We urge all the members of our community to send their tax-deductible contributions to the U.S. Commission on the Ukraine Famine today — tomorrow it may be too late. (A handy dip-out form for donations is provided below.) The Ukrainian Weekly Press Fund MY DONATION FOR THE COMMISSION ON THE UKRAINE FAMINE R. L. Chomiak, McLean, Va $25.00 t — address . Bohdan Hodiak, Pittsburgh, Pa _ $20.00 therewith enclose my check Maria Czerwoniak, Jackson Heights, N.Y _.. $18.24 in the amount of $ as my donation to enable your commission to com­ Mary J. Flis, Roslyn, NJ $17.42 plete its work on the Ukrainian Famine. American Telecom Corp., Chicago, III „ $17.00 Iwanna Lewyckyj, Toronto, Ont $9.00 Nicholas Avramchuk, Kerhonkson, N.Y _ $5.00 Date- -Signature- Tekla Husiak, Brooklyn, N.Y $5.00 MAIL TO: Commission on the Ukraine Famine George S. Hordynsky, Verona, NJ $500 Till 20th Street NW, — Sutte 537 Stefan Orlowsky, New Paltz, N.Y $500 Washington D.C. 20579 . Borys Sawyn, Chicago, III $5.00