Study on Appropriate Methodologies to Better Measure Consumer Preferences for Postal Services
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and EDUCATION AND THE ARTS decisionmaking through research and analysis. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public INFRASTRUCTURE AND service of the RAND Corporation. TRANSPORTATION INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND TERRORISM AND Browse Reports & Bookstore HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Europe View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation technical report series. Reports may include research findings on a specific topic that is limited in scope; present discussions of the methodology employed in research; provide literature reviews, survey instru- ments, modeling exercises, guidelines for practitioners and research professionals, and supporting documentation; or deliver preliminary findings. All RAND reports un- dergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for research quality and objectivity. TECHNICAL REPORT Study on Appropriate Methodologies to Better Measure Consumer Preferences for Postal Services Final Report Charlene Rohr • Urs Trinkner • Alison Lawrence • Priscillia Hunt Chong Woo Kim • Dimitris Potoglou • Rob Sheldon Prepared for Internal Market and Services DG MARKT/2010/14/E EUROPE The research described in this document was prepared for the Internal Market and Services DG MARKT/2010/14/E. RAND Europe is an independent, not-for-profit research organisation whose mission is to improve policy and decision making for the public good. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2011 European Commission All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the European Commission. Published 2011 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 Westbrook Centre, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1YG, United Kingdom RAND URL: http://www.rand.org RAND Europe URL: http://www.rand.org/randeurope To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface RAND Europe, in conjunction with Accent and Swiss Economics, was commissioned by the European Commission Directorate-General Internal Market and Services to conduct research on appropriate methodologies to better measure consumer preferences for postal services. This report summarises work undertaken testing the use of stated preference discrete choice experiments to measure consumer preferences for postal services. It discusses the importance of understanding and quantifying consumer priorities in the postal sector and presents different methods used for valuing non-market goods. We recommend the use of stated preference discrete choice experiments, and test the use of this approach in three member states. We provide the findings for these member states, as well as a “tool kit” for applying this methodology in other member states in future. RAND Europe is an independent not-for-profit policy research organisation that aims to improve policy and decision making in the public interest, through research and analysis. RAND Europe’s clients include European governments, institutions, NGOs and firms with a need for rigorous, independent, multidisciplinary analysis. For more information about RAND Europe or this document, please contact Charlene Rohr at: RAND Europe Westbrook Centre Milton Road Cambridge CB4 1YG United Kingdom Tel. +44 (1223) 353 329 [email protected] iii Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................ iii Table of Figures ........................................................................................................... ix Table of Tables ............................................................................................................ xi List of Acronyms and Definitions ............................................................................... xv Country Abbreviations ............................................................................................. xvii Summary ................................................................................................................... xix Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ xxxix CHAPTER 1 The importance of understanding consumers’ preferences for postal services ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Structure of the report ....................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2 Our methodological framework for measuring consumers’ preferences for postal services ........................................................... 3 2.1 Valuing non-market goods and services ............................................................. 3 2.2 Understanding consumers’ priorities for postal services ...................................... 7 2.2.1 The role of postal services .................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Underlying needs of postal services from an economic perspective ........................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Summary and remarks ....................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 3 Implementing the valuation methodology in three member states .............................................................................................. 13 3.1 Defining the attributes to be tested in the choice exercises ............................... 13 3.1.1 Implications of our analysis of the underlying needs of postal services ............................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Review of attributes tested in other postal studies ............................... 16 3.1.3 Levels of USO across member states ................................................... 19 3.1.4 Views from stakeholders..................................................................... 20 3.1.5 Recommended attributes to be tested ................................................. 21 3.2 Treatment of altruism ..................................................................................... 27 3.3 The inclusion of an “as now” or baseline alternative ........................................ 27 3.4 Designing the choice experiments .................................................................... 28 3.5 Other information collected in the questionnaire ............................................ 32 3.6 Key market segments ....................................................................................... 33 v Study on Appropriate Methodologies to Better RAND Europe Measure Consumer Preferences for Postal Services Accent Swiss Economics 3.7 Recommended survey sample sizes ................................................................... 34 3.8 Survey methodology ........................................................................................ 36 3.9 Choosing the member states for testing the methodology ................................ 37 3.10 Pilot testing the questionnaire in the member states ......................................... 48 3.10.1 Cognitive testing ................................................................................ 48 3.10.2 Pilot surveys ....................................................................................... 49 3.11 Main surveys.................................................................................................... 51 3.11.1 Characteristics of the achieved sample ................................................ 51 3.12 Summary of key implementation issues ........................................................... 58 CHAPTER 4 Postal service preferences for customers in Italy, Poland and Sweden ........................................................................................... 59 4.1 Background findings ........................................................................................ 59 4.1.1 Mail sending and receipt .................................................................... 59 4.1.2 Paying for postage .............................................................................