Index A Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), heart failure, 306 Achondroplasia, 454 A-a gradient 618, 619 hypertension, 312 chromosome disorder, 64 in elderly, 654 adenomyosis, 634 naming convention for, 253 endochondral ossification in, 450 with hypoxemia, 654, 655 anemia with, 410 preload/afterload effects, 282 inheritance, 60 restrictive lung disease, 661 Asherman syndrome, 634 teratogenicity, 600 AChR (acetylcholine receptor), 229 Abacavir, 201, 203 leiomyoma (fibroid), 634 Acetaldehyde, 72 Acid-base physiology, 580 Abciximab, 122 polyps (endometrial), 634 Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, 70, 72 Acidemia, 580 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, thecoma, 632 Acetaminophen, 474 diuretic effect on, 595 429 ABO blood classification, 397 vs. aspirin for pediatric patients, 474 Acid-fast oocysts, 177 thrombogenesis and, 403 newborn hemolysis, 397 free radical injury and, 210 Acid-fast organisms, 125, 140, 155 Abdominal aorta, 357 Abruptio placentae, 626 hepatic necrosis from, 249 Acidic amino acids, 81 atherosclerosis in, 300, 687 cocaine use, 600 N-acetylcysteine for overdose, 671 Acid maltase, 86 bifurcation of, 649 preeclampsia, 629 for osteoarthritis, 458 Acidosis, 578, 580 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 300 Abscess, 470 toxicity effects, 474 contractility in, 282 Abdominal colic acute inflammation and, 215 toxicity treatment for, 247 hyperkalemia with, 578 lead poisoning, 411 lung, 670 Acetazolamide, 252, 539, 594 Acid phosphatase in neutrophils, 398 Abdominal pain Absence seizures idiopathic intracranial Acid reflux bacterial peritonitis, 384 characteristics of, 505 hypertension, 509 H2 blockers for, 392 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 386, 676 drug therapy for, 532 metabolic acidosis, 580 proton pump inhibitors for, 392 cilostazol/dipyridamole, 429 treatment, 685 in nephron physiology, 573 Acid suppression therapy, 392 Clostridium difficile, 675 Absolute risk reduction (ARR), 258, pseudotumor cerebri, 509 Acinetobacter baumannii diabetic ketoacidosis and, 346 691 site of action, 593 highly resistant bacteria, 198 ectopic pregnancy, 627 Absorption disorders and anemia, 410 Acetoacetate metabolism, 90 Acinetobacter spp. Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 317, AB toxin, 132 Acetone breath, 346 nosocomial infections, 185 676 Abuse. See also Child abuse Acetylation Acne, 466, 468 hypercalcemia, 579 dependent personality disorder chromatin, 34 danazol, 643 hyperparathyroidism, 342 and, 553 posttranslation, 45 PCOS, 631 intussussception, 379 intimate partner violence, 267 Acetylcholine (ACh) tetracyclines for, 192 irritable bowel syndrome, 376, 377 Acalculia, 499 anticholinesterase effect on, 240 Acquired hydrocele (scrotal), 638 McBurney sign, 676 Acalculous cholecystitis, 390 change with disease, 483 Acrodermatitis enteropathica, 71 Meckel diverticulum, 604 Acamprosate opioid analgesics, 538 Acromegaly, 343 pancreas divisum, 354 alcoholism, 559, 685 pacemaker action potential and, carpal tunnel syndrome, 451 pancreatic cancer, 391 Acanthocytes, 406 290 GH, 327 panic disorder, 551 Acanthocytosis Acetylcholine (ACh) receptor octreotide for, 393 periumbilical, 377 in vitamin E deficiency, 70 agonists, 229, 237, 538 somatostatin analogs for, 325 polyarteritis nodosa, 310 in abetalipoproteinemia, 94 autonomic drugs and, 239 somatostatin for, 350 porphyria, 417 Acantholysis, 466 Acetylcholinesterase Acromion, 438 postprandial, 357 Acanthosis, 466 in amniotic fluid, 479 Actin RLQ pain, 378 psoriasis, 468 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) cytoskeleton, 48 Rovsing sign, 676 Acanthosis nigricans, 229, 466, 472, malathion, 200 muscular dystrophies, 61 RUQ, 390 631 neural tube defects and, 479 Actin filaments Abdominal striae, 333 stomach cancer, 373 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) epithelial cells, 465 Abdominal wall Acarbose, 349 inhibitors Acting out, 542 inguinal hernias, 362, 363 Accessory nerve (CN XI), 494 cholinergic drugs and, 239 Actinic keratosis, 472 ventral defects, 352, 354 arm abduction, 438 naming convention for, 253 associations of, 689 Abducens nerve (CN VI), 494 functions of, 494 for neuromuscular junction squamous cell carcinoma, 473 function of, 494 lesion of, 520 disease, 463 Actinomyces israelii location, 492 location, 492 toxicity treatment for, 247 labs/findings, 679 ocular motility, 528 pathway for, 493 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase oral infections, 186 palsy, 529 Accessory pancreatic duct, 354, 362 fatty acid synthesis, 73 pigment production, 128 pathway for, 493 Accountable care organization, 269 vitamin B7 and, 68 Actinomyces spp. Abduction Accuracy vs. precision, 259 Achalasia, 370 anaerobic organism, 127 arm, 438 Acebutolol, 245 esophageal cancer and, 372 Gram-positive algorithm, 134 hand, 438 ACE inhibitors, 596 LES tone in, 365 Nocardia spp. vs., 139 hip, 445 acute coronary syndromes, 304 Achilles reflex, 498 penicillin G/V for, 187 Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 439 C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, Achilles tendon xanthomas, 299, 674 Action potentials Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 439 107 Achlorhydria axonal, 482 Abetalipoproteinemia, 94, 406 dilated cardiomyopathy, 305 stomach cancer, 373 motor neurons, 290 Abnormal passive adduction, 443 dry cough, 251 VIPomas, 365 muscle contraction, 448 © 2019 First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 732 INDEX INDEX Action potentials (continued) Adaptive immune system Adjustment disorder, 552 local anesthetics, 537 myocardial, 290 dendritic cells in, 400 Adnexal (ovarian) torsion, 611 loop diuretics, 594 pacemaker, 290 Adaptive immunity, 99 Adoption studies, 256 opioid analgesics, 538 ventricular, 290 lymphocytes in, 401 ADPKD (Autosomal dominant osteonecrosis of jaw, 475 Action/willpower, 556 Addiction, 556 polycystic kidney disease) ototoxicity, 433, 594 Activated carriers, 75 Addison disease, 334 saccular aneurysms and, 504 proton pump inhibitors, 392 Active errors, 272 metabolic acidosis in, 580 ADP receptor inhibitors, 429 restrictive lung disease, 661 Active immunity, 110 presentation, 676 ADP ribosyltransferases, 132 Reye syndrome as, 475 Acute chest syndrome, 414 Additive drug interactions, 233 adrenal, 616 spironolactone endocrine effects, Acute cholestatic hepatitis Adduction Adrenal adenomas 595 drug reactions and, 248 arm (rotator cuff), 438 Cushing syndrome, 333 tardive dyskinesia, 394 macrolides, 193 hand, 439 hyperaldosteronism, 334 teratogenicity, 428, 432, 475 Acute coronary syndrome hip, 445, 446 Adrenal carcinomas thromboembolic events, 435 ADP receptor inhibitors for, 429 thigh, 444 Cushing syndrome, 333 toxicities and side effects, heparin for, 427 Adductor brevis, 444 Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 225 247–251 treatments for, 304 Adductor longus, 444, 446 P-glycoprotein in, 228 Aedes mosquitoes Acute cystitis, 582 Adductor longus muscle, 362 Adrenal cortex, 322 yellow fever transmission, 168 Acute disseminated (postinfectious) Adductor magnus, 444 embryologic derivatives, 599 Aerobic metabolism encephalomyelitis, 512 Adenine progesterone production, 616 ATP production, 74 Acute dystonia, 557 methylation of, 34 Adrenal enzyme deficiencies fed state, 91 treatment of, 241 Shiga/Shiga-like toxins and, 132 (congenital), 328 vitamin B1 (thiamine), 66 Acute gastritis, 373 Adenocarcinoma Adrenal gland Aerobic organisms Acute hemolytic transfusion lungs, 669 cortical development of, 599 culture requirements, 126 reactions, 114 vaginal, 630 Adrenal hemorrhage, 675 Afferent arteriole, 568 Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 164 Adenocarcinomas Waterhouse-Friderichsen ANP/BNP effect on, 576 Acute inflammation carcinogens causing, 226 syndrome, 334 constriction of, 571 characteristics of, 215 esophagus, 372 Adrenal hyperplasia dopamine effects, 577 Acute inflammatory demyelinating gastric, 217, 226 Cushing syndrome, 333 filtration, 571 polyradiculopathy, 512 lung, 225 hyperaldosteronism and, 334 Afferent nerves, 294 Acute intermittent porphyria, 417 nomenclature for, 221 Adrenal insufficiency, 334 Aflatoxins, 153 Acute interstitial nephritis, 591 nonbacterial thrombotic adrenoleukodystrophy, 47 as carcinogen, 226 Acute kidney injury, 590 endocarditis and, 229 anovulation with, 631 hepatocellular carcinoma, 386 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), pancreas, 362, 391 fludrocortisone for, 350 African sleeping sickness, 156 424 deficiency, 67 pancreatic, 227 vitamin B5 Afterload associations with, 689 paraneoplastic syndromes, 229 Adrenal medulla, 322 auscultation and, 288 methotrexate for, 432 pectinate line, 360 neuroblastomas of, 335 cardiac output, 282 oncogenes and, 225 prostatic, 640 pheochromocytomas in, 336 in shock, 307 Acute mesenteric ischemia, 380 stomach, 373, 688 tumors, 688 Agammaglobulinemia Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), Adenohypophysis, 323 Adrenal steroids, 328 chromosome affected, 64 424 embryologic derivation, 599 Adrenal zona fasciculata, 329 Agars (bacterial culture), 126 chromosomal translocations, 426 hypothalamus and, 486 Adrenocortical adenomas, 688 Agenesis, 599 cytarabine for, 432 Adenomas Adrenocortical atrophy Müllerian, 608 myelodysplastic syndromes, 423 bone, 456 Addison disease, 334 uterovaginal, 625 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) colorectal, 383 exogeneous corticosteroids, 333 associations with, 689 nomenclature for, 221 Adrenocortical insufficiency Age-related amyloidosis, 212 Acute pancreatitis, 391 primary hyperparathyroidism, 341 drug reaction and, 248 Age-related macular degeneration, associations, 689 salivary gland, 370 presentation, 676 524 DIC and, 689 thyroid, 340 Adrenocorticotropic hormone Aging changes, 268 hyperparathyroidism, 342 Adenomatous colonic polyps, 381 (ACTH) Agnosia, 499 necrosis and, 209 Adenomyosis (endometrial), 634 adrenal cortex regulation of, 322 Agonist Acute pericarditis,