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Index A Abscess, 451 Acetaminophen, 455 Achlorhydria Abacavir, 197, 199 Absence seizures, 487 vs aspirin for pediatric patients, 455 stomach cancer, 362 Abciximab, 118 drug therapy for, 514 free radical injury and, 210 VIPomas, 356 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa treatment, 661 hepatic necrosis from, 240 Achondroplasia, 435 inhibitors, 415 Absolute risk reduction (ARR), for osteoarthritis, 439 chromosome disorder, 60 thrombogenesis and, 393 248, 669 tension headaches, 488 endochondral ossification in, 434 Abdominal aorta, 348 Absorption disorders and anemia, 396 toxicity effects, 455 inheritance, 56 217 atherosclerosis in, 292, 668 AB toxin, 128 toxicity treatment for, 239 AChR (acetylcholine receptor), 561 bifurcation of, 629 Abuse Acetazolamide, 243, 575 Acid-base physiology, Acidemia, 561 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 292 confidentiality exceptions, 255 glaucoma, 521 diuretic effect on, 576 Abdominal colic dependent personality disorder metabolic acidosis, 561 Acidic amino acids, 77 lead poisoning, 397 and, 535 in nephron physiology, 555 Acid maltase, 82 Abdominal distension intimate partner violence, 257 pseudotumor cerebri, 491 Acidosis, 561 duodenal atresia and, 344 Acalculia, 481 site of action, 574 contractility in, 273 Abdominal pain Acamprosate Acetoacetate metabolism, 86 hyperkalemia with, 560 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 375, 652 alcoholism, 541, 661 Acetone breath, 337 Acid phosphatase in neutrophils, 386 cilostazol/dipyridamole, 415 diarrhea, 240 Acetylation, 41 Acid reflux Clostridium difficile, 652 Acanthocytes, 394 chromatin, 32 esophageal pathology and, 360 diabetic ketoacidosis and, 337 Acanthocytosis, 66 posttranslation, 41 H blockers for, 381 ectopic pregnancy, 607 Acantholysis, 448 Acetylcholine (ACh) 2 proton pump inhibitors for, 381 Henoch-Schönlein purpura, pemphigus vulgaris and, 452 anticholinesterase effect Acid suppression therapy, 381 303, 655 Acanthosis, 448 on, 232 Acinetobacter spp 560 psoriasis, 449 change with disease, 465 hypercalcemia, nosocomial infections, 181 332 Acanthosis nigricans, 217, 453 in nervous system, 229 hyperparathyroidism, taxonomy, 121 acanthosis and, 448 opioid analgesics, 520 intussussception, 368 Acinetobacter baumannii stomach cancer, 362 pacemaker action potential irritable bowel syndrome, 366 highly resistant bacteria, 194 Acarbose, 341 and, 281 McBurney sign, 656 Acne, 449 diarrhea, 240 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptor Meckel diverticulum, 585 danazol, 622 Accessory (CN XI), 476 agonists, 520 pancreas divisum, 345 PCOS, 609 lesion in, 502 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, 229 pancreatic cancer, 380 skin papules, 447 474 in cholinergic drugs, 231 panic disorder, 533 location in brain stem, tetracyclines for, 188 476 217 polyarteritis nodosa, 302 Accessory nerve (CN XII), Acetylcholine (AChR) receptor, Acoustic schwannomas, 652 porphyria, 403 lesion in, 502 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Acquired hydroceles, 618 Rovsing sign, 656 pathway for, 476 cholinesterase inhibitor Acrodermatitis enteropathica, 67 Abdominal wall defects, 344 ventral brain stem, 474 poisoning, 232 Acromegaly, 333 Abducens (CN VI), 476 Accessory pancreatic duct, 345, 353 malathion, 196 GH, 317 location in brain stem, 474 Accuracy vs precision, 249 neural tube defects and, 461 octreotide for, 382 ocular motility and, 510 Acebutolol, 237 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) somatostatin analogs for, 315 palsy of, 511 angina and, 305 inhibitors somatostatin for, 342 Abducens nerve (CN VI), 476 ACE inhibitors, 577 Alzheimer disease, 518 Acromion, 425 ocular motility, 510 acute coronary syndromes, 296 in cholinergic drugs, 231 ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic palsy of, 511 C1 esterase inhibitor myasthenia gravis, 445 hormone (ACTH) pathway for, 476 deficiency, 103 naming convention for, 244 Actin ventral brain stem, 474 dilated cardiomyopathy, 297 toxicity treatment for, 239 cytoskeleton, 44 Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 429 dry cough, 242 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase muscular dystrophies, 57 Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 429 heart failure, 298 fatty acid synthesis, 69 Actin filaments Abetalipoproteinemia, 89, 394 hypertension, 304 vitamin B7 and, 64 epithelial cells, 447 Abnormal passive abduction, 424 naming convention for, 244 Achalasia, 360 muscle contraction, 433 Abnormal passive adduction, 424 preload/afterload effects, 273 esophageal cancer and, 361 Acting out, 524 ABO blood classification, 390 teratogenicity, 582 Achilles reflex Actinic keratosis, 453 ABO hemolytic disease Acetaldehyde, 68 lumbosacral radiculopathy, 432 associations of, 664 (newborn), 390 Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, 68 Achilles tendon xanthomas, 291, 652 squamous cell carcinoma, 454 © 2017 First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 712 INDEX Actinomyces spp Acute pyelonephritis, 570 production of, 71, 74 Advance directives, 255 anaerobic organism, 123 labs/findings, 661 in TCA cycle, 73 Aedes mosquitoes Gram-positive algorithm, 130 renal papillary necrosis and, 572 in urea cycle, 78 yellow fever transmission, 164 Nocardia spp vs, 135 WBC casts in, 562 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Aerobic metabolism penicillin G/V for, 183 Acute renal failure, 571 synthase inhibitors, 74 ATP production, 71 Actinomyces israelii Acute respiratory distress syndrome Adenoviruses fed state, 87 labs/findings, 657 (ARDS), 642 characteristics of, 160 Vitamin B1 (thiamine), 62 oral infections, 182 acute pancreatitis, 380 conjunctivitis, 504 Aerobic organisms pigment production, 125 eclampsia and, 608 pneumonia, 645 culture requirements, 123 Action/willpower, 539 inhalational injury, 640 viral envelope, 159 Afferent arteriole, 550 Activated carriers, 71 Acute stress disorder, 534 watery diarrhea, 175 ANP/BNP effect on, 558 Activator proteins, 38 Acute transplant rejection, 115 Adherens junctions, 447 constriction of, 553 Active errors, 262 Acute tubular necrosis, 572 Adhesions, 369 dopamine effects, 559 Active immunity, 107 granular casts in, 562 Adipose lipolysis, 306 filtration, 553 Acute chest syndrome, 400 intrinsic renal failure with, 571 Adipose stores Afferent nerves, 285 Acute cholestatic hepatitis Acyclovir, 197 fasting/starvation states, 87 Aflatoxin as drug reaction, 240 Adalimumab, 118, 457 Adipose tissue as carcinogen, 219 macrolides, 189 for Crohn disease, 365 estrogen production, 595 hepatocellular carcinoma, 375 Acute coronary syndrome Adaptive immunity, 95 Adjustment disorder, 533 Aflatoxins, 149 ADP receptor inhibitors for, 415 Addison disease, 324 Adoption studies, 246 African sleeping sickness, 152 heparin for, 413 metabolic acidosis in, 561 ADP receptor inhibitors, 415 Afterload nitrates for, 305 presentation, 656 ADP ribosyltransferases, 128 auscultation and, 278 treatments for, 296 Additive drug interactions, 225 Adrenal adenomas cardiac output, 273 Acute cystitis, 562 Adductor longus muscle, 353 Cushing syndrome, 323 hydralazine, 304 Acute disseminated Adenine hyperaldosteronism, 324 in shock, 299 encephalomyelitis, 494 methylation of, 32 Adrenal carcinomas Agammaglobulinemia Acute dystonia, 233 Shiga/Shiga-like toxins and, 128 Cushing syndrome, 323 chromosome affected, 60 Acute gastritis, 362 Adenocarcinomas P-glycoprotein in, 220 Agars (bacterial culture), 123 Acute glomerulonephritis, 571 carcinogens causing, 219 Adrenal cortex, 312 Age-related macular Acute hemolytic transfusion esophagus, 361 embryologic derivatives, 581 degeneration, 506 reactions, 110 gallbladder, 379 progesterone production, 595 Aggregatibacter Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 160 gastrointestinal, 217 Adrenal hemorrhage, 652 actinomycetemcomitans, 299 Acute inflammation, 207 lungs, 647 Waterhouse-Friderichsen Aging changes, 259 Acute inflammatory demyelinating nomenclature for, 216 syndrome, 324 Agnosia, 529 polyradiculopathy, 493 nonbacterial thrombotic Adrenal hyperplasia Agonist potency and efficacy, 228 Acute intermittent porphyria, 403 endocarditis and, 217 Cushing syndrome, 323 Agoraphobia, 533 Acute interstitial nephritis, 572 pancreas, 353, 380 hyperaldosteronism and, 324 Agranulocytosis Acute lymphoblastic leukemia pectinate line and, 351 Adrenal insufficiency, 324 clozapine, 543 (ALL), 410 prostatic, 619 anovulation with, 609 as drug reaction, 241 associations with, 664 stomach, 362, 665 fludrocortisone for, 342 epilepsy drugs, 514 methotrexate for, 417 Adenohypophysis, 313 vitamin B5 deficiency, 63 sulfa drug allergies, 243 oncogenes and, 218 embryologic derivatives, 581 Adrenal medulla, 312 thionamides, 341 Acute mesenteric ischemia, 369 hypothalamus and, 466 innervation, 229 Agraphia, 481 presentation, 655 Adenomas neuroblastomas of, 325 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency Acute myelogenous leukemia bone, 437 pheochromocytomas in, 326 syndrome) (AML), 410 colorectal, 372 tumors, 668 bacillary angiomatosis, 450 chromosomal translocations, 412 nomenclature for, 216 Adrenal steroids, 318 brain abscess, 176 cytarabine for, 417 pituitary, 332 Adrenocortical adenomas, 665 Candida albicans, 149 myelodysplastic syndromes, 409 primary hyperparathyroidism, 331 Adrenocortical atrophy cryptococcal meningitis, 195 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) salivary gland, 359 Addison disease, 324 Cryptosporidium, 151 associations with, 664 thyroid, 330 exogeneous corticosteroids, 323 Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 161 Acute pancreatitis, 380 Adenomatous colonic polyps, 370 Adrenocortical insufficiency diagnosis, 171 associations, 667 Adenomyosis (endometrial), 612 as drug reaction, 240 human herpesvirus 8, 161 DIC and, 665 Adenopathy presentation, 656 labs/findings, 660 hyperparathyroidism, 332 Kawasaki disease, 302 Adrenocorticotropic hormone marijuana for, 541 necrosis and, 205 Whipple disease, 656 (ACTH) mycobacteria, 136 Acute pericarditis,
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